分词作状语
分词作状语
extra pay.
working
3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find
the city more beautiful. Seeing
4. Generally speak, facial expressions are
helpful communications, too. speaking
Having done the work, he went home. 完成 了工作,他就回家了。
分词作状语
1.作时间状语 2.作原因状语 3. 作伴随状语
1)Having finished his homework, he went to play football.
2) Hearing the news, they got excited. 1)Not knowing his address, she went to a policeman for help.
(=Since you are a student, you should study hard.) 由于想到它或许在家,所以我就给他打了电话。 Thinking he might be at home, I called him.
(As I thought he might be at home, I called him.)
5)表条件 Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.) 一直往前走,你就会看到一座白色的房子。
W__a_l_k_i_n_g_a_h_e_a_d__, you will see a white house.
分词作状语用法
分词作状语⽤法分词作状语⽤法是所有分词⽤法中最重要的,也是最难掌握的。
分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须是句⼦的主语。
⼀、现在分词作状语⼀、现在分词作状语,表主动、进⾏,相当于⼀个状语从句,根据需要可以使⽤被动式或完成式。
Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life.Being ill, she can't go to work today.The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping.1. He sent me an e-mail, _______ to get further information.A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hope2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _____ the girl and took her away, ______ into the woods.A. seizing; disappearedB. seized; disappearedC. seizing; disappearingD. seized; disappearing⼆、现在分词的时态语态1. 现在分词的⼀般式由“动词 +ing ”构成,其被动式为“ being+ 动词过去分词” 。
例如: The students standing there are from Class Three.The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October.2. 现在分词的完成式由“ having + 动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“ having +been+ 动词过去分词”。
分词作状语的五种情况
分词作状语的五种情况
1、表示时间:
昨天,站在阴暗的街道上,浓浓的烟雾让人有一种诡异的感觉。
太阳落山,一道淡黄的余晖洒落在街道的尽头,似乎带来了温暖。
突然,一声刺耳的铃声响起,将久违的宁静打破,坐在暗处的我,毫不犹豫地便着力而走。
2、表示原因:
拐过弯,我踩着嘎嘎作响的脚步,无数希望和期望将我拉往前方,走向家乡那条连接着梦想的路。
原因很简单,未知的将来让我不能停得下来,前行的计划又充满不确定性,转眼就要到天明。
3、表示条件:
突然,天一亮,太阳的曙光令我暂停了脚步,回想起昨夜意外发现的秘密。
抬头望去,比起异乡的忙碌,本土的宁静和空气才是我许诺自己的条件,对着浓重的雨蒸气掩映着情绪深处期望的期盼。
4、表示效果:
滴答滴答,阴雨濛濛的一天,各种细微的声音交织在一起,构成一幅宁谧的画面。
微风轻拂,枝叶摇曳,整座山村的氛围里洋溢着人间的情怀,彷佛古往今来的回忆,渐渐感染着我,把身边的一切都染上了温暖的味道。
5、表示方式:
趁着丝丝晨雾未散的时刻,抽出一伙人携手暗中离去,终于享受到了米饭之间的松软,延续着昔日快乐的痕迹。
把一切都收拾妥当,仿佛穿越时空一样,令一个个熟悉的瞬间再次涌现心中,萦绕着幽暗曾经的眼前。
分词作状语
(1) ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face (2) ______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed
______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
四、用作让步状语 1. 例句 Living miles away, he attended the course. Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
五、用作伴随状语 1. 例句 He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. Don't you sit there doing nothing. He came in, followed by his wife.
1) Don’t sit there ______ nothing. Come and help me with this table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing (2) My cousin came to see me from the country, ______ me a full basket of fresh fruits. A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought (3) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _____ the same thing. A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said (4) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _______ that all children like these things. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought
分词作状语
分词(现在分词、过去分词)作状语现在分词与过去分词均可作状语表示句子主语所进行的另一个动作,来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或陪衬,表示时间,原因,行为方式,目的,条件或结果等,相当于其对应的状语从句。
现在分词的意义是主动的,过去分词的意义是被动的。
构成及形式1). 过去分词:动词加ed或动词的特殊变化所得的过去分词。
3). 否定式:在现在分词或过去分词前面直接加not。
现在分词表伴随:现在分词短语的作用类似一个并列分句。
Sally lied in bed crying.= and she was cryingI got home, feeling very tired.= and felt very tiredShe walked along the street, not knowing where to go.=and didn’t know……Please fill in this form, giving your name, name, address, etc.表原因:Being so poor in those days, we couldn’t afford to send the boy to hospital.= As we were so poor, we………Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.Many of us, being so excited, could not go to sleep that night.They sent us their statement, hoping to get our support.表时间:Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those old days they spent together.= when/As soon as he saw those pictures, he……Turing around, she saw an ambulance driving up.Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.Approaching the village, I found it was empty.这几例中的现在分词短语一般放在句首表示这个动作一发生,谓语所表示的动作立即发生。
分词作状语的用法讲解归纳
分词作状语的用法讲解归纳分词作状语是一种常见的语法结构,它可以在句子中作为状语,用来修饰动词、形容词或者整个句子,从而表达时间、原因、条件、方式、结果等不同的语义关系。
下面我将从不同角度对分词作状语的用法进行归纳和讲解。
一、时间状语:分词可以表示动作发生的时间,常用的分词有:doing, having done, done等。
例如:Walking along the street, he met an old friend.Having finished his homework, he went out to play.二、原因状语:分词还可以表示动作发生的原因,常用的分词有:seeing, considering, judging等。
例如:Seeing the heavy rain, she decided to stay at home.Considering the bad weather, we canceled the picnic.三、条件状语:分词还可以表示动作发生的条件,常用的分词有:supposing, provided, given等。
例如:Supposing the weather is fine, we will go for a picnic.Provided that you finish your work, you can go out to play.四、方式状语:分词还可以表示动作发生的方式,常用的分词有:speaking, running, working等。
例如:He ran to catch the bus, panting heavily.She answered the question, smiling brightly.五、结果状语:分词还可以表示动作的结果,常用的分词有:surprised, pleased, excited等。
例如:The news, surprising everyone, spread quickly.The children, pleased with the gifts, thanked their parents.总结起来,分词作状语的用法非常灵活多样,可以用来表示时间、原因、条件、方式和结果等不同的语义关系,丰富了句子的表达方式。
分词状语
Having done my shopping, I returned home. (= When I had done…/ After I had done …)买完东西,我就回家了。 ② 表示原因 Being League members, we are ready to help others.由于我们是 团员,我们乐意帮助别人。 (Since we are League members,….) Inspired by what he said, we are determined to study harder. 在他的话的鼓舞下,我们决心更加努力学习。 (Since we are inspired by what he said, ….) She asked me to help her, realizing that she couldn’t move the heavy suitcase alone.她请我帮帮她,因为她意识到她一个人搬不 动那个沉重的衣箱。 Not knowing his address, I can’t write to him. 由于不知他的地址, 我无法给他写信。 (Since I didn’t know his address, …) Not having received his letter for long, she felt a little worried. 由于很长时间没收到他的信了,她感到有点担心。 (Because she hadn’t received his letter for long, ….)
④“We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob , ____ out of the window. ( 04 四川 吉林) A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 2、某些过去分词(短语)由于来源于系表结构,有些甚至具有形 容词的特征,因此,虽然它们作状语时与句子主语之间存在逻辑意 义上的主动关系,但仍然用它们的过去分词来作状语。这类过去分 词(短语)常见的主要有:caught in , devoted to (忠实于;热 爱),disappointed at , determined to . dressed in , exhausted (疲惫不堪),hidden, lost in (沉湎于), prepared for, seated, tired of (厌倦)等。例如: Caught in the heavy rain, Jennifer didn’t arrive on time. 遭遇大雨,詹妮弗没有按时到达。 Disappointed at the examination results, the top student sat there in stony silence. 对考试结果很失望,那位尖子生一言不发地坐在那儿。 Entirely devoted to the Party, the young soldier gave his life for his country. 对党无限忠诚,这位年轻的士兵为祖国献出了生命。
分词作状语的类型
分词作状语的类型分词作状语是英语中常见的语法结构,它通过使用动词的现在分词或过去分词来修饰或补充句子的主语、谓语或宾语,以提供额外的信息。
分词作状语在句子中具有多种类型,本文将对这些类型进行阐述。
1. 分词作时间状语分词可以用来表示动作发生的时间,作为时间状语。
例如:- Running late, John hurried to catch the bus.- Having finished his homework, Tom went to bed.这两个例子中,分词"running"和"having finished"作为时间状语,分别修饰主语"John"和"Tom",表达了他们做完某个动作后的情况。
2. 分词作原因状语分词可以用来表示动作发生的原因,作为原因状语。
例如:- Being tired, Mary decided to take a break.- Having failed the test, he felt disappointed.这两个例子中,分词"being tired"和"having failed"作为原因状语,分别修饰主语"Mary"和"he",表达了他们做某个动作的原因。
3. 分词作条件状语分词可以用来表示动作发生的条件,作为条件状语。
例如:- If accepted, I will start working next week.- Without any money, he couldn't buy the ticket.这两个例子中,分词"accepted"和"without any money"作为条件状语,分别修饰主语"I"和"he",表达了他们做某个动作所需要的条件或限制。
分词作状语
分词作状语在语法中,状语是一种修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的词组或从句。
状语可以提供关于时间、地点、方式、原因、条件等方面的信息,以帮助读者更好地理解句子的意思。
在中文中,分词可以作为状语出现,以更准确地表达句子的含义和语气。
分词作时间状语分词作时间状语时,可以表示动作的时间、先后顺序、频率等。
常见的分词作时间状语的结构有“分词+时间状语”。
例句:1.昨天下雨,我带着雨伞走到学校。
2.听着音乐,我写完了这篇文章。
在上述例句中,分词作时间状语“听着音乐”和“带着雨伞”分别表示动作发生的时间和做某事的状态。
分词作地点状语分词作地点状语时,可以表示动作发生的地点或者动作的范围。
常见的分词作地点状语的结构有“分词+地点状语”。
例句:1.在花园里散步的时候,我发现了一只漂亮的蝴蝶。
2.躺在床上看书,我感到异常放松。
在上述例句中,分词作地点状语“在花园里散步的时候”和“躺在床上”分别表示动作发生的地点或者动作的范围。
分词作方式状语分词作方式状语时,可以表示动作的方式、方法等。
常见的分词作方式状语的结构有“分词+方式状语”。
例句:1.他用力地关上了门。
2.小明一边跳舞一边唱歌。
在上述例句中,分词作方式状语“用力地关上了门”和“一边跳舞一边唱歌”分别表示动作的方式。
分词作原因状语分词作原因状语时,可以表示动作的原因或动作发生的原因。
常见的分词作原因状语的结构有“分词+原因状语”。
例句:1.太阳下山了,天黑了。
2.因为下雨,所以他没有去散步。
在上述例句中,分词作原因状语“太阳下山了”和“因为下雨”分别表示动作发生的原因。
分词作条件状语分词作条件状语时,可以表示实现某种结果的条件。
常见的分词作条件状语的结构有“分词+条件状语”。
例句:1.如果你不努力学习,你就无法取得好成绩。
2.要是天气好,我们就去郊游。
在上述例句中,分词作条件状语“如果你不努力学习”和“要是天气好”分别表示实现某种结果的条件。
总结通过以上例句的分析,我们可以看出分词作状语能够丰富句子的表达,使得句子更加准确和生动。
分词作状语和独立主格结构
分词作状语和独立主格结构现在分词作状语:- Walking home, he saw a dog on the street.(现在分词作时间状语)- With the problem solved, she could relax.(现在分词作原因状语)- Smiling happily, the child thanked her teacher.(现在分词作方式状语)过去分词作状语:- Exhausted from the long journey, they went straight to bed.(过去分词作原因状语)- Surprised by the news, she dropped her phone.(过去分词作结果状语)- Broken down, the car couldn't start.(过去分词作条件状语)- Pleased with the results, she celebrated with her friends.(过去分词作方式状语)独立主格结构是由名词或代词与分词构成的结构,说明一个动作或状态跟随、伴随另一个动作或状态发生。
独立主格结构可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式等。
- His breakfast finished, Jack left the house.(时间独立主格结构)- The rain stopped, the players continued the game.(条件独立主格结构)- The cake eaten, the children happily played in the garden.(原因独立主格结构)- The teacher angry, the students were silent.(方式独立主格结构)需要注意的是,独立主格结构通常放在句子的开头或结尾,用逗号与主句分隔开来。
分词作状语用法
分词作状语用法就是所有分词用法中最重要得,也就是最难掌握得。
分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子得主语。
一、现在分词作状语一、现在分词作状语,表主动、进行,相当于一个状语从句,根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。
Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life、Being ill, she can't go to work today、The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping、1、He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information、A、hopedB、hopingC、to hopeD、hope2、Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods、A、seizing; disappearedB、seized; disappearedC、seizing; disappearingD、seized; disappearing二、现在分词得时态语态1、现在分词得一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。
例如:The students standing there are from Class Three、The English novel being translated by the editor now will be pleted in October、2、现在分词得完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。
例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest、Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down、Given more time, we will finish the work in time、3、现在分词得否定式为“not +动词-ing”,被动式得否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”,其完成式得否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。
分词作状语
1. The secretary worked late into the night, _____ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 2. ______ a reply, he decided to write again. A.Not receiving B. Receiving not C.Not having received D. Having not received
非 谓 语 动 词
不定式 过去分词 -ing 作状语:可以表示条件、时间、原因、 方式、伴随、结果、让步等,相当于一个 状语从句
二 分词作状语的形式及意义
形式 doing
意义 与句中主语构成逻辑 上的主谓关系,与句 中谓语动词基本上同 时发生, 与句中主语构成逻辑 上的主谓关系,先于 谓语动词发生。 与句中主语构成逻辑 上的动宾关系(即被 动关系)
3. “Can’t you read?” she said angrily, ___ to the notice. A. pointed B. and pointing C. pointing D. to point C
4.__________ the classroom, the students went to the playground to watch the football match. A. To clean B. Having cleaned C. Cleaned D. Cleaning 5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ________"Sorry to miss you; will call later.“ A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 4. ___ your homework, you mustn’t listen to music. A. When do C. When doing C B. When to do D. When you
分词作状语与独立主格结构
分词作状语与独立主格结构一、分词作状语1.动名词作状语动名词作状语常用于表示动作的方式、原因、结果等。
- 动作原因:He was late for work because of oversleeping.(他睡过头了,所以上班迟到了。
)- 动作结果:The car stopped running, causing a traffic jam.(汽车停了下来,导致了交通堵塞。
)2.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语常用于表示动作的时间、条件、原因、伴随等。
- 动作时间:Walking in the park, he met his old friend.(他在公园散步时遇到了他的老朋友。
)- 动作条件:Unless given permission, you cannot enter the building.(除非得到许可,否则你不能进入建筑物。
)- 动作原因:His face turned pale, feeling sick.(他感觉不适,脸色变得苍白。
)- 动作伴随:She burst into tears, seeing the sad news.(她看到这个悲伤的消息时,忍不住哭了起来。
)二、独立主格结构独立主格结构是指句子中的现在分词或过去分词作为非限制性状语,与主语关系疏远,独立于主句的结构。
独立主格结构一般用于表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等含义。
1.现在分词作独立主格结构现在分词作独立主格结构时,其逻辑主语通常与主句的主语不同,表示主句动作发生的时间、条件、原因、伴随等。
- 动作时间:The sun having set, we decided to go home.(太阳已经下山,我们决定回家。
)- 动作条件:The weather being fine, we went for a walk.(天气好的时候,我们去散步了。
)- 动作原因:Her husband having lost his job, she had to support the family.(她丈夫失业了,她不得不养家糊口。
分词作状语
When hearing/Hearing the news, they all danced for joy.
Exercises:
Because I am a student, I must study hard. Being a student, I must study hard. If you exercise every morning, you’ll improve your health.
(2) 从句中的主语和谓语动词成主动关系,并且从句动作在主句 动作之前发生或从句中的谓语本来就是完成时,即用现在分词的 完成式: having done
Because he had lived in the city for years, he knew it very well.
Having lived in the city for years, he knew it very well.
分词作状语
在英语中,当名词有多个形容词修饰时,就有它们的先后顺序。 下面的口诀可帮你记住这一先后顺序,也是解题的关键。
限定描绘大长高,
形状年龄和新老;
颜色国籍跟材料,
作用类别往后靠;
“限定词”包括:冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词,它位
于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位,即:前、中、后。前位限 定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数;中位限定词有冠词、指示 代词、物主代词等;后位限定词有基数词和序数词,但序数词 位于基数词前。如:both my hands、all half his income等。 “描绘”性形容词如:beautiful、bad、cold、great等。 “大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词。 表示“形状”的词如:round square等。 “国籍”指一个国家或地区的词。 “材料”的词如:wooden, woolen, stone,silk等。 “作用类别”的词如:medical, college,writing desk,police
分词作状语
非谓语动词——分词作状语精讲与精练Traveling at a speed over 400 kilometers per hour, the train can complete the 30-kilometre journey in eight minutes.英语中,分词作状语主要分以下三种情况:一.分词充当状语时,分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语一致,即为“分词作状语”二.分词充当状语时,分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语不一致,即为“独立主格”三.独立主格一般需自带主语,若省去其主语,则为独立主格中的特殊情况,即为“悬垂分词”分词作状语分词在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。
分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not (never)+分词The student sat there, not knowing what to do. (否定形式)辨析:done与being done Painted white, the room looks bright.Being painted now, the room can’t be lived i n.___________ (use) as a means of transport in China, the bike is very useful.___________ (use) by me now, the bike can’t be lent to you.2. 句法功能常可转换成相应的状语从句。
有时为了强调,分词前可带when, while, once, if, though, as if, unless等连词一起作状语,以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。
1) 表时间Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(While) waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.=While ______________________ for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.When offered help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.”=When ______________________, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.”某些动词,如:hear, see, arrive, leave, return, get to, look, open, close等,表示一个极短暂的动作,它们的分词可换做on+动名词,译为“一(刚)…就…”。
分词作状语
逻辑主语
/非谓语动词
• 是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者;它 们在逻辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系, 但不能直接作非谓语动词的主语,因此叫 逻辑主语。 • 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词, 主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分 词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。 非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以 承担句子的其他成分。
Hale Waihona Puke D• 2. When first ______to the market, these products enjoyed great success. • A. introducing B. introduced • C. introduce D. being introduced
B
• 3. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, _____ out of the window.
二.确立句子主语可能是谁
• 确立句子主语可能是谁时,仍然遵循分词 作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一 致的原则。反过来要根据分词形式确立句 子主语。
例:Having been attacked by terrorists, _________. A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warning were given to tourists • 分析: 本题仍考查非谓语动词的用法。句中 “Having been attacked by terrorists”是现在分 词作状语。分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句子 的主语一致。根据这一原则,可知“受攻击”的 应是“the tall building”, 即“Having been attacked”的逻辑主语是“the tall building”.句 意为“大楼因为受到恐怖分子的袭击而倒塌”. 答
分词作状语的用法
分词作状语的用法分词是中文语法中一种常见的修饰方式,可以作状语,对句子的主语、谓语或宾语进行修饰和补充,起到丰富句子意义的作用。
分词作状语可分为动词分词和形容词分词两种形式。
下面将对这两种形式的用法进行详细介绍。
一、动词分词作状语动词分词作状语通常用在句子的前面或后面,表示伴随、原因、条件、时间、方式等不同的状况。
1. 作伴随状语:表示动作的同时或与主语的动作同时进行。
例子:- 他走着走着,突然摔倒了。
- 她唱着歌,一边做家务。
2. 作原因状语:表示结果或动作的原因。
例子:- 天气太热了,我们休息了一下。
- 时间太晚了,我不敢回家。
3. 作条件状语:表示动作发生的条件。
例子:- 如有需要,我会随时提供帮助。
- 除非你同意,否则我们无法合作。
4. 作时间状语:表示动作发生的时间。
例子:- 老师站在门口,等着学生进来。
- 他一声不响地坐在那里,等待着消息。
5. 作方式状语:表示动作的方式或方式的补充。
例子:- 他冷静地看着对方,不做任何反应。
- 她快速地做完作业后,离开了教室。
二、形容词分词作状语形容词分词作状语通常用在句子的前面或后面,修饰句子的主语或宾语,描述它们的状态或特征。
1. 作状语修饰主语:表示主语的状态或特征。
例子:- 感动的故事,让听众纷纷落泪。
- 失望的结果,让他心情低落。
2. 作状语修饰宾语:表示宾语的状态或特征。
例子:- 他们把老旧的建筑物改造成了现代化的办公楼。
- 她吃惊地看着手中的礼物。
以上是分词作状语的基本用法,希望对你有所帮助。
分词做状语举例
分词做状语举例
1. 我们需要及时行动,以防止事态进一步恶化。
2. 在他入睡时,我悄悄地离开了房间。
3. 天黑了,我们只能靠手电筒照亮前方的道路。
4. 为了提高工作效率,我们需要合理分配各项任务。
5. 在新冠疫情期间,我们要保持社交距离,避免人群聚集。
6. 当他看到那只可爱的小狗时,他立刻兴奋地跑过去。
7. 为了保护环境,我们应该节约用水和用电。
8. 下班后,我们经常一起去咖啡厅聊天放松。
9. 遇到困难时,我们要勇往直前,不退缩。
10. 在完成作业之前,我们需要先整理思路,确定好步骤。
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将状语从句改为分词作状语分三步: 1. 去掉连词; 2. 去掉主语; 3. 将从句中谓语动词改为分词形式(从句为主 动语态时,用现在分词;从句为被动语态时, 用过去分词)。 We have met with success because we are led by our Party. Led by our Party, we have met with success.
4) As we don’t know her address, we can’t get in touch with her. Not knowing her address, we can’t get in touch with her. 5) As he has finished his homework, he went back home. Having finished his homework, he went back home. 6) As he hasn’t received an answer, he decided to write another letter. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter 伴随 7) She sat on the sofa, and watched TV. She sat on the sofa, watching TV.
10. The last bus having gone had to walk home. (go), we
11. Given (give) more time, I could perform my duty more satisfactorily. 12. Judging (judge) from last year’s experience, the coach knows he should not expect too much of his team.
Judging from his face, he was very angry.
根据A句完成B句,使两句意思不变。 1. A: Having done their homework, the children played football. After they had done their homework B: _______________________________, the children played football. 2. A: If you work hard, you will do well in the exam. Working hard B: _______________, you will do well in the exam. 3. A: Although he is not rich, he helped the poor generously. B: Not being rich he helped the poor ____________, generously.
3. All things considered (consider), he has done his best. 4. The students having done (do) all the exercises, the teacher went to explain the text.
5. The weather being (be) so terrible, we had to spend the day at home watching TV. 6. Having graduated (graduate) from the college, he went to a village and worked as a teacher there.
mountain tomorrow.
done 2.His homework_________ (do), he went to watch the
game.
being 3. Mother _______ (be) ill, I have to stay at home. crossed He sat there, his legs ________(cross)
Eg:她身穿一条裙子。(wear / dress)
Wearing __________(wear) a skirt, she felt cold in the wind. Dressed _________(dress)in a newly-bought skirt, she felt confident of herself.
----She is wearing a skirt. ----She is dressed in a skirt.
5. 为了使V-ing形式作状语所表达的 意思更为明确。可在V-ing 前加适当 的连词(when ;while; if ; though; unless 等)----连词+doing/done While waiting for the bus, he met Mary.
4.分词作状语表示被动用done,但有些过 去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构,作 状语时不表动作而表状态。常见的有:
be prepared/ hidden/ determined/ married/ settled be buried/ devoted to/ faced with/ dressed in
Conclusion: 分词作状语, 1. 与逻辑主语关系 主动---doing 主动,有先后关系----having done 被动----done 2. 否定直接在前面加not。如:Not knowing… Not having received…
His father died, leaving the family even worse off.
desk.
2. 当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时,分词 必须有自己的主语,即: 独立主格结构
Tom entering the room, a letter was found on the desk.
Exercises:
1. Time
permitting __________(permit),
we are going to climb the
分词作状语
分词作状语来源于状语从句,在句中一般能作五种状语, 即时间、原因、条件、让步和方式状语
分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致!! 1)When he looked out of the window, he found that a lot of people had gathered on the street. Looking out of the window, he found that a lot of people had gathered on the street. 时间 2) If you use your head, you’ll find a good way. Using your head, you’ll find a good way. 条件 3) Because he was caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet Caught in a heavy rain, he was all we中有些分词或不定式作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作
独立成分。常见的有:
generally/frankly speaking一般/坦白说; judging from/by ... 由……来判断; considering ... 考虑到; to tell you the truth说实话; compared to/with ...与……相比 believe it or not信不信由你 to start with首先 to make matters worse使事情更糟的是
He sat there, his
4.He sat there, his eyes fixed _______(fix) on the blackboard.
buried head _______(bury
)in the newspaper
3. 作状语的V-ing形式和句子之间通常有一 个逗号隔开,不能用并列连词。 Studying hard, and you will pass the entrance examination to college. F Studying hard, you will pass the T entrance examination to college. Study hard, and you will pass the entrance examination to college. T
• conclusion3: 现在分词表示必然结果,前可加 thus,不定式表意外的结果,前可加only.
Entering the room, a letter was found on the desk
注意:1. 分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与主句 中主语一致
订正:
Entering the room, Tom found a letter on the
现在分词作结果状语,(多用于句尾)
and this left the family even worse off
making He was caught in the rain, thus ______ (make) himself catch cold. to find I hurried to school, only _____(find) that it was Sunday The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing(cause) _____ the delay.