美国私立高等学校社会捐赠历史研究

2
目录
中文摘要„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 1 Abstract„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 2 目 录„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1 引 言„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1
单位代码：
10166
硕士学位论文
美国私立高等学校社会捐赠历史研究
论文作者： 学科专业： 指导教师： 培养单位： 培养类别： 完成时间：
பைடு நூலகம்
付园园 教育史 关松林教授 教育科学学院 全日制 2014 年 5 月 20 日
沈阳师范大学学位评定委员
学位论文独创性声明
本人所呈交的学位论文是在导师的指导下取得的研究成果。 据我 所知，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含其他个人已经发 表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体， 均已在文中作了明确说明并表示了谢意。
美国私立高等学校社会捐赠历史研究
中文摘要
高等教育资金不足是发展高等教育的首要问题， 虽然各个国家的教育系统不 一样， 但是教育经费不足已成为高等教育界面临的共同难题。美国的私立高等教 育是最发达的国家，在全美高校排名中，前 20 名都是私立高校。美国私立高校 在管理上的自治性和办学上的自主性，决定了经费来源的自筹性。吸引社会捐赠 是美国私立高校筹资的重要渠道，对促进其发展起到了巨大作用。 在我国，私立高校被称为民办高校，民办高校自产生以来，面临的最大难题 还是经费不足问题，经费不足已经严重制约了我国民办高校的发展，如何增加我 国民办高校的经费，解决这个制约民办高校发展的问题，进而促进我国民办高校 的发展，成为一个难题。因此研究美国私立高校社会捐赠的方法，值得我国学习 与借鉴。 本文共分为六个部分。第一部分是引言，阐明了选题的缘由，介绍了国内外 研究现状。 第二部分介绍了美国私立高校社会捐赠的历史演变。第三部分以哈佛 大学为例，介绍了哈佛大学社会捐赠的类型、运行与管理。第四部分分析了美国 私立高校社会捐赠的特点。 第五部分分析了美国私立高校社会捐赠的影响因素及 作用。 第六部分分析了美国私立高校社会捐赠的成功经验及存在问题，对我国民 办高校的启示。
第五章 美国私立高校社会捐赠成功经验、 存在问题及启示„„„„30
一、美国私立高等学校社会捐赠的成功经验与存在问题„„„„„„„„ 30 （一）成功经验„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 30 （二）存在问题„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 31 二、我国民办高校社会捐赠面临的问题„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 32 （一）政策法规制定不完善，缺乏有效的措施„„„„„„„„„„ 32 （二）捐赠种类和方法单一，教育捐赠规模小„„„„„„„„„„ 33 （三）高校对募捐不够重视，对开发力度不够„„„„„„„„„„ 33 （四）民间机构发展不充分，缺乏捐赠的环境„„„„„„„„„„ 33 （五）社会监督工作不到位，缺乏使用透明度„„„„„„„„„„ 34 三、对我国民办高等学校的启示„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 34 （一）吸收优秀传统文化，弘扬社会捐赠思想„„„„„„„„„„ 34 （二）健全相关法规制度，实行税收优惠政策„„„„„„„„„„ 35 （三）重视校友工作，大力提倡校友捐赠意识„„„„„„„„„„ 35 （四）建立捐赠信息公开制度增强高校公信度„„„„„„„„„„ 35 （五）加快建设高校社会捐赠筹资的组织机构„„„„„„„„„„ 36 （六）重视提高自身办学质量，提高社会声誉„„„„„„„„„„ 36
第四章 美国私立高等学校社会捐赠的促成因素及作用分析 „„„24
一、美国私立高等学校社会捐赠的促成因素„„„„„„„„„„„„„24 （一）浓厚宗教文化的影响„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„24
1
（二）政府特殊政策的辅助„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„24 （三）捐赠者个人因素影响„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„26 （四）私立高校的社会声誉„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„26 （五）私立大学校长的努力„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„27 （六）完善的捐赠管理系统„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„27 二、美国私立高等学校社会捐赠的作用分析„„„„„„„„„„„„„28 （一） 增加美国私立高校的办学经费， 减少对学费和政府拨款的依赖„28 （二） 保障美国私立高校的学术自由， 提高学术水平和人才培养质量„28 （三） 提高了美国私立高校的竞争力， 提升私立学校的声誉与影响力„28
第一章 美国私立高等学校社会捐赠的历史发展阶段„„„„„„„ 11
一、 美国私立高等学校社会捐赠的产生： 哈佛学院的建立„„„„„„„„11 二、 私人捐赠为主要形式阶段 （殖民地时期——南北战争前） „„„„„„ 12 三、 基金会捐赠为主要形式阶段 （南北战争时期——二战前） „„„„„„ 13 四、 校友捐赠为主要形式阶段 （二战后——20 世纪 90 年代末） „„„„„14 五、 社会捐赠形式多元化发展阶段 （20 世纪 90 年代末至今） „„„„„„14
第三章 美国私立高等学校社会捐赠的特点 „„„„„„„„„„„ 21
一、社会捐赠规模扩大化„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 21 二、社会捐赠范围广阔化„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 21 三、社会捐赠形式多样化„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 21 四、社会捐赠管理规范化„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 22 五、政府政策导向明显化„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 22
作者签名：
付园园
日期： 2014 年 6 月 4 日
学位论文使用授权声明
本人授权沈阳师范大学研究生处， 将本人硕士学位论文的全部或 部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索； 有权保留学位论文并向国家主管 部门或其指定机构送交论文的电子版和纸质版， 允许论文被查阅和借 阅； 有权可以采用影印、 缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、 汇编学位论文。 保密的学位论文在解密后适用本规定。 作者签名： 付园园 日期： 2014 年 6 月 4 日
第二章 个案分析——哈佛大学社会捐赠的运行与管理„„„„„„16
一、哈佛大学社会捐赠的历史与现状„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 16 二、哈佛大学捐赠基金的来源与分类„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 17 三、哈佛大学捐赠资金的运行与管理„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 17 （一）捐赠的组织机构„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 18 （二）捐赠资金的筹集„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 18 （三）捐赠资金的使用„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 19 （四）捐赠资金的运作„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ 19
一、 选题缘由„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1 二、 研究综述„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1 三、 研究目的和意义„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7 四、 概念界定„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8 五、 研究内容„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9 六、 研究方法和创新点„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9
关键词：美国，私立高等学校，社会捐赠
1
The Historical research of the society donation on American Private University
Abstract
The most important problem of higher education is the deficiency expense devotion to it, although the educational system in every country is different, the fee of the higher education becomes a common problem. Private university in the United States is the most developed in the world, the top 20 are private universities in the rankings of American universities. U.S. private university management autonomy and school autonomy, determine its source of funding for self-nature. For private university in American, social donation is of importance and propels then forward. In China, private universities are often referred to as non-governmental college, private colleges since produced, the biggest challenges facing the fund shortage problem, how to increase the funding of private colleges and universities in our country, promote the development of private colleges in China, the social donation, the method of private colleges and universities in the United States is worth our studying and using for reference. This article altogether divides into six parts. The first part is an introduction, had expounded the selected topic reason, and briefed the domestic and foreign research present situation. The second part introduced the American Privately established University society donates historical evolution. The third part take Harvard University as an example, introduced Harvard University society donates type, movement and management. The fourth part has analyzed the characteristic which the American Privately established University society donates. The fifth part has analyzed the influence factor and the function which the American Privately established University society donates. The sixth part analyzed the successful experience of social donation private colleges and universities in the United Sates and existing problems, private colleges’ enlightenment to our country. Key words: American, private university, society donate