2015届上海市十二校高三上学期12月联考语文试题及答案

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上海市十二校高三联考语文试卷(Word版,含答案)

上海市十二校高三联考语文试卷（答题时间150分钟，试题满分150分）一阅读 80分(一)阅读下文，完成1—-6题。

(17分)爱因斯坦的悼词朱也旷①对于现代物理学，1905年是个有点特殊的年份。

在这年9月的德国《物理学杂志》上，发表了由一位默默无闻的专利审查员爱因斯坦所写的三篇论文。

三篇论文中的任何一篇，都足以使作者享有大物理学家的盛名。

而其中最有名的便是《论动体的电动力学》，此文宣告了相对论的诞生。

②在科学论文的最后，通常会有一大堆的引文索引，但这篇论文的结尾却是光秃秃的。

爱因斯坦没有提及任何同行的工作，只感谢同样默默无闻的专利审查员贝索的“热忱帮助”。

③对于爱因斯坦，贝索是个有点特殊的人物。

尽管终其一生，贝索也许连半个物理学家都算不上，但在当时他却是最理解爱因斯坦的人。

全欧洲都找不到比贝索更好的“思想共振器”，爱因斯坦后来曾这么评价。

④1955年3月15日，贝索在日内瓦病逝。

3月21日，爱因斯坦在给贝索亲属的吊唁信中，写下了如下一段话：“现在，他又比我先行一步，离开了这个奇怪的世界。

但这并不意味着什么。

对于我们笃信物理学的人来说，过去、现在和未来之间的区别只不过是一种幻觉而已，尽管这种幻觉有时还很顽固。

”⑤这是我所见到的最难以忘怀的悼词之一，它是由两种特殊的金属熔合成的合金，一种是高贵的情感，另一种是幽邃的智力。

它既包含着对友人的深厚感情，也包含着深刻的物理学思想。

此前一年，爱因斯坦曾与贝索在信中讨论过“时间箭头”的问题。

爱因斯坦指出，在相对论与量子力学中，均不存在所谓的时间箭头(在牛顿的经典力学中当然也不存在)，亦即基本的物理方程式均不提供过去和未来的区别。

这段悼词应该是源于这次讨论。

⑥但这也是一位聆听着死神脚步声的老人为自己撰写的悼词：他的妻子和妹妹已经走了，他的终生挚友贝索也走了，现在该他了，既然过去和未来并无区别，生与死又何足道哉! 不到一个月，爱因斯坦的病情就恶化了。

他拒绝了人为延长生命的手术建议，因为他要庄严地死去。

2015届高三级部12月阶段考试语文试卷

2015届高三级部12月阶段考试语文试卷2014.12.15本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。

第Ⅰ卷70分，第Ⅱ卷80分，共150分。

考试时间150分钟。

第Ⅰ卷阅读题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

山水诗考略①中国古典山水诗究竟源于何时？近人范文澜说：“写作山水诗起自东晋初庾阐诸人。

”这话不无根据，写作山水诗形成一种潮流、一种时尚，的确是在东晋时期，《兰亭集》就是一个突出的例证。

②东晋出现大量的山水诗，主要是纷乱的国情使然。

东迁的文士几乎都有“风景不殊，正自有山河之异”的慨叹，加上受政治暴力和军事暴力的迫害，失落感愈来愈沉重。

从清丽无比的江南山水风物中寻求抚慰和解脱，是行之有效的办法，于是流连山水，写作山水诗便相因成习，以至蔚然成风。

另外，在新的哲学思潮如玄学的冲击下，汉朝以来“罢黜百家，独尊孔子”的思想控制日趋软弱松弛，于是出现“越名教而任自然”（嵇康）、“法自然而为化”（阮籍）之类的主张。

“自然”指宇宙自然规律，岿然不动的山和变动不居的水，则最充分、最完美地体现了这种规律，也就成了师法的对象，成了精神力量不竭的泉源。

③孔子曰：“知者乐水，仁者乐山。

”所谓“知者”，就是智慧之人；“仁者”则是仁义之人。

为什么说“知者乐水，仁者乐山”？朱熹的解释是：“知者达于事理，而周流无滞，有似于水，故乐水。

仁者安于义理，而厚重不迁，有似于山，故乐山。

”原来，知者、仁者的品德情操与山水的自然特征和规律性具有某种类似性，因而产生乐水乐山之情。

④另外，与山水亲近还可丰富知识，培养和提高审美情趣以及模山范水的能力。

古今诗文大家、艺术巨匠大抵都有“读万卷书，行万里路”的经历。

“读万卷书”正好可以弥补“行万里路”的不足。

由于受种种条件的限制，人们无法遍览全国各地的山水胜迹，便可持山水诗集为“卧游”之具，作纸上的观瞻。

这间接得到的知识和印象，与亲身所历、亲目所见自然隔了一层，但收获往往更快捷，也更精粹。

2015高三十二校联考试卷答案要点

2015学年度第一学期十一校联考高三语文答案要点一、17分1.“声音”比“语言”重要；“听觉”比“视觉”深刻。

（2分）2.声音中强调技术、物质、商品、欲望，却忽视了人的生活与精神。

（2分）3.D（2分）4.B（3分）5.本文引用了大量诗句。

例如第八段举了辛弃疾等人的诗句为例更加形象以及真实地反映城市与乡村的不同声音。

第七段引用白居易的诗句以及《诗品》中的句子使得表述更有文学色彩。

第一段中引用阿诺德〃伯林特的观点引出城市声音研究的话题。

总体而言本文的引用既体现了本文学术性又体现了文学性。

（4分）6.文章首先引出城市声音这一话题，论证了研究城市声音的意义（“声音”怎样成为城市感性符号）继而阐述了城市声音变迁的规律和特点。

按照这个思路接下去可以结合实际讨论上海的城市声音或者承接上一部分城市声音的问题，提出解决这一问题的方案（如何寻找和保护城市声音）（4分）二、19分7.蓊蓊郁郁（1分）8.A （3分）9.两句划线句都是景物描写，第4段通过红鲤与黑鲤厮杀时巨浪滔天的情形的描写，渲染了当时厮杀时惨烈凝重的气氛。

第9段通过白洋淀美景的描写，营造红鲤与白鲤两情相依温馨和谐的气氛，与下文白鲢被杀形成强烈反差。

（4分）10.划线句通过红鲤“打着挺儿”“翻着跟头”“抖尾振鳍昂首收腹”“冲”“逆流而上”“跨过”“飞落”一系列动作的描写，生动形象地写出红鲤在暴雨雷声中的痛苦以及跳出水面时的艰难以及义无反顾，刻画了红鲤悲壮的形象。

既表现了这场灾难对红鲤的伤害又表现了红鲤对于自由以及无杀戮的生活的追求。

（3分）11.文章通过老黑对红鲤的百般蹂躏有意宕开一笔，为后面人类捕杀鱼类作铺垫，用老黑的凶狠衬托强化人类的残暴行径。

（3分）12.本文运用童话的形式，赋予红鲤人的思想和行为，并设置了与白鲢的爱情故事，还让鱼在岸上行走，充满了作者大胆而新奇的想象，为我们展示了一幅耐人寻味的生活图景。

但充满童话色彩的故事中作者加入了现实性的描写：人类用电船电翻打捞白鲢，使小说有了现实意义：揭示人类对于动物的滥杀，而遭致生态环境的破坏。

上海市十二校2015届高三12月联考数学(文)试题(1)--含答案

上海市十二校2015届高三12月联考数学（文）试题学校：上海市朱家角中学学校：三林中学南汇一中 2014年12月一、填空题（本大题满分56分，每题4分）1．设集合21{|2},{1}2A x xB x x =-<<=≤，则A B =_______.2. 已知{}n a 为等差数列，1a +3a +5a =9，246a a a ++=15，则=+43a a .3．在行列式3541113a --中，元素a 的代数余子式值为．4．如果函数⎩⎨⎧<>-=)0( )()0( 32　x x f x x y 是奇函数，则=-)2(f ．5．设()f x 的反函数为1()f x -，若函数()f x 的图像过点(1,2)，且1(21)1f x -+=，则x = ．6．一个正三棱柱的底面的边长为6，侧棱长为4，则这个棱柱的表面积为___________．7. 方程cos2x+sinx=1在),0(π上的解集是_______________. 8.已知数列{}n a 满足⎩⎨⎧-=为奇数为偶数n n n a n n212，且1222321)(--+++++=n n a a a a a n f ,()*∈N n ,则()()34f f -的值为 .9．函数()x x x f 2cos 222cos 3-⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-=π在区间2π03⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦，上的取值范围是 .102==，a 与b 的夹角为3π，则b a +在a 上的投影为 . 11. 数列{}n a 的通项公式)(2,)1(11,1*∈⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥+==N n n n n n a n ，前n 项和为n S ，则n n S ∞→lim = .12. 在锐角ABC ∆中，角B 所对的边长10=b ，ABC ∆的面积为10，外接圆半径13=R ，则A B C∆的周长为 .13．已知函数()sin()(0)3f x x πωω=+>，若()(3)g x f x =在(0 )3π，上是增函数，则ω的最大值．14. 记数列{}n a 是首项1a a =，公差为2的等差数列；数列{}n b 满足2(1)n n b n a =+，若对任意*n N ∈都有5n b b ≥成立，则实数a 的取值范围为 .二、选择题（本大题满分20分，每题5分） 15. 设,p q 是两个命题，1:0,:|21|1,x p q x p q x+≤+<则是（）A ．充分非必要条件B ．必要非充分条件C ．充要条件D ．既非充分又非必要条件16. 某流程图如图所示，现输入如下四个函数，则可以输出的函数是（）A .2)(x x f = B .xx x f =)(C .xx xx ee e e xf --+-=)( D .x x f =)( 17.已知函数x x f πsin )(=的图象的一部分如下方左图，则下方右图的函数图象所对应的函数解析式为（）A .)212(-=x f y B .)12(-=x f y C .)12(-=x f y D .)212(-=x f y 18. 关于函数31)212()(x x f x x⋅-=和实数n m 、的下列结论中正确的是（）A.若n m <<-3，则)()(n f m f <B.若0<<n m ，则)()(n f m f <C.若)()(n f m f <，则22n m < D.若)()(n f m f <，则33n m <三、简答题 (本大题满分74分)19．(本题满分12分) 本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分6分, 第2小题满分6分.如图，四棱锥ABCD S -中，底面ABCD 为正方形，⊥SA 平面ABCD ， AB=3，SA=4（1）求异面直线SC 与AD 所成角；（2）求点B 到平面SCD 的距离 20．（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第一小题满分7分，第二小题满分7分）．在ABC ∆中，角C B A ,,的对边分别为c b a ,,，已知向量)23sin ,23(cos A A =，)2sin ,2(cos AA =3=+（1）求角A 的大小；（2）若A C B sin 3sin sin =+，求证ABC ∆是直角三角形。

2015届高三联考卷(一)语文参考答案及评分细则

2015届高三联考卷（一）语文参考答案及评分细则2015届高三联考卷（一）语文参考答案及评分细则1.D解析：（应是侵害者受损，而不是受损可以侵害）2.B解析：（强加因果，“在环境领域没有明确提出产权概念”和“人们普遍认为环境这种无形之物可以无偿或廉价获取”不构成因果关系。

）3.C解析：（“我国推进环境税费改革”属于“政府干预”，而非“运用环境产权”）4.A解析：（亡，通“无”，没有）5.B解析：（B的两个“以”都是“因”。

A他定语后置标志，C于是竟，D将近尚且）6.C解析：（“对有疑问的案情便不予治罪”错，应是从轻治罪）7.（1）于是太守杀了一头牛，亲自前往孝妇的坟前祭奠，同时在她墓前立碑表彰她的孝行，天上立刻下了大雨，当年这个郡五谷丰登。

郡中人因此对于公更加敬重。

（关键词：祭、表、孰、大敬重）（2）于公对他们说：“请你们把闾巷门稍微扩建得高大些，使它能通过四匹马拉的高盖车。

我处理诉讼案件积下很多阴德，不曾发生过蒙冤的案子，所以我的子孙中一定会有发迹的人。

（关键词：少、高大、容、治狱）8.体现了阴雨连绵、偶尔放晴、却已到黄昏的阴暗凄冷的秋季景象。

（4分）9.以时间推移为线索。

（1分）表现了词人羁旅漂泊、思念家乡又得不到亲人音讯的孤寂凄苦的感情。

（3分）10.甲：半壁见海日，迷花倚石忽已暝。

乙：俯察品类之盛叶上初阳干宿雨空中闻天鸡。

熊咆龙吟殷岩泉，见贤思齐焉千岩万路不定，栗深林兮惊层巅。

吞声踯躅不敢言一尊还酹江月苟余情其信芳11.准确地状写出了天空高远、春风和煦的环境特点；渲染了和谐安宁的气氛；为下文两位老汉的出场和争吵作了伏笔和铺垫。

12.“装”、“搅和”等动作掩盖的是钟老汉紧张的心理，突出了他的精明老练而又不服输的形象。

将两位老汉比作被菜叶卡住脖子翻眼珠的鸭子，生动传神地刻画了两老汉在事实面前的狼狈神态。

13.参考示例：以“天上有一只鹰”为题好。

小说中两老汉为天上到底是不是鹰而争辩，以此为标题，起线索作用；与开头和结尾都形成照应；制造了最大的悬念，引人入胜，更能突出小说的主题意义。

2015高三语文十二月全国大联考试题(含答案)

2015高三语文十二月全国大联考试题（含答案）启慧•全国大联考十二月联考试卷 2016届高三语文试卷时间 :12月7日下午14：30―17：00 考生注意: 1、本试卷分第I卷(阅读题)和第II卷(表达题)两部分。

满分150分，答题时间150分钟，答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2、作答时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3、考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分。

每小题3分) 阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。

中国画之所以能为大众接受，是因为它的人性指归的“至善”。

既然是养心修身之术，谁都不会排斥，是人性的需要。

面对宋人山水，可游可居、可静心畅神，坐游万里、精骛八极，进而进入一种恬淡虚无，精神内守的状态，也即“入静”的状态。

老子说：“静胜躁，寒胜热，清净以为天下正。

致虚极，守静笃。

万物并作，吾以观复。

”中国画就是让人静下来的艺术，它不表现战争，不表现血腥，不表现暴躁，也极少表现焦虑。

它追求至静至远，调和天人。

这种艺术观念源自老子思想，无所谓消极积极。

“逸、神、妙、能”四格，逸之外其余三格没有原则的界限。

如果要分的话，每个品种还分上中下呢，这需要是同时代的人才好比较。

画论品评申多有点评，我不研究画史，故对“典型的代表人物”无大兴趣。

孔子说“君子不器”，大约是指对“术”和“技法”不是看得太重。

学生请教种地，孔子说“吾不如老农”。

中国画中“道”的部分千栽不移，而“术”的部分代代有变，这应验了石涛那句“笔墨当随时代”。

变是自然的变，而不是刻意的变。

形而上的认知，是历代中国画论提炼出来的共同部分。

其中我们所谓的“逸”是宋之后，贯穿中国画精神的一个核心命题。

如果仅仅把“逸”看作是“文人画”的产物，这认识是狭隘的。

“逸”是笔墨文化成熟的标志。

“逸”关乎才情，更关乎修为和境界。

关于“逸”的历代论述很多，我把它概括为六个字：不象――不愿拘泥于物象，“非不能也，实不为也”。

上海市届高三语文十二校联考试卷及答案中学试卷.doc

上海市届高三语文十二校联考试卷及答案中学试卷上海市十二校2014届高三年级联考一、阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成1-7题。

（18分）在怀疑的时代依然需要信仰——北大中文系毕业典礼致辞卢新宁①谢谢你们叫我回家。

让我有幸再次聆听老师的教诲，分享我亲爱的学弟学妹们的特殊喜悦。

如果把生活比作一段将理想“变现”的历程，我们只是一叠面额有限的现钞，而你们是即将上市的股票。

从一张白纸起步的书写，前程无远弗届，一切皆有可能。

面对你们，我甚至缺少一分抒发“过来人”心得的勇气。

②跟你们一样，我曾在中文系就读，青涩的背影也曾被燕园的阳光，定格在五院青藤缠满的绿墙上。

但那是上个世纪的事了，我们之间横亘着20多年的时光。

我们那时的中国依然贫穷却豪情万丈，而今天这个世界第二大经济体，还在苦苦寻找迷失的幸福，无数和你们一样的青年喜欢用“囧”形容自己的处境。

③其实，你们这一代人，有着远比我们当年更优越的条件，更广博的见识，更成熟的内心，站在更高的起点。

④我们想说的是，站在这样高的起点，由北大中文系出发，你们不缺前辈大师的庇荫，更不少历史文化的熏染。

《诗经》《楚辞》的世界，老庄孔孟的思想，李白杜甫的词章，构成了你们生命中最为激荡的青春时光。

我不需要提醒你们，未来将如何以具体琐碎消磨这份浪漫与绚烂；也不需要提醒你们，人生将以怎样的平庸世故，消解你们的万丈雄心；更不需要提醒你们，走入社会，要如何变得务实与现实，因为你们终将以一生浸淫其中。

⑤我唯一的害怕，是你们已经不相信了——不相信规则能战胜潜规则，不相信学场有别于官场，不相信学术不等于权术，不相信风骨远胜于媚骨。

你们或许不相信了，因为追求级别的越来越多，追求真理的越来越少；讲待遇的越来越多，讲理想的越来越少；大官越来越多，大师越来越少。

因此，在你们走向社会之际，我想说的只是，请看护好你曾经的激情和理想。

在这个的时代，。

⑥我知道，与我们这一代相比，你们这一代人的社会化远在你们踏上社会之前就已经开始了，国家的盛世集中在你们的大学时代，但社会的问题也凸显在你们的青春岁月。

上海市十校2015届高三第二次联考语文试题带答案

上海市十校2015届高三第二次联考语文试题一、阅读（80分）（一）阅读下文，完成1—6题。

（17分）神秘的文艺（有删节）余雷庆①文艺的神秘源自人的神秘。

毛姆说：托尔斯泰出生于乡村贵族家庭，这样的家很少产生杰出作家，“在当时，俄国有许多这样的乡村贵族，他们年轻时赌博、酗酒、玩女人，然后结婚、在庄园里定居、生一大群孩子、骑马、打猎、照管自己土地和农奴。

他们中间也有不少人和托尔斯泰一样具有自由主义倾向；和他一样为农奴的无知、可怕的贫困和恶劣的生活状况感到忧虑，也和他一样想改变农奴的命运。

然而，有一点托尔斯泰却和他们不一样，那就是他在过着和他们一样的生活的同时，却写出了两部世界上最伟大的小说——《战争与和平》和《安娜·卡列尼娜》。

至于他是怎么写出来的，却是一个无法解释的谜，就像苏塞克斯郡一个老派绅士的儿子（指雪莱）居然会写出《西风颂》来一样。

”（《毛姆读书随笔》）②文艺的神秘便是一切创作的神秘，而文艺家有时会将它们弄得更加神秘。

托尔斯泰说，他并没有想让安娜死，是人物后来自己一步步走向死亡的。

可是，我却爱听同样是杰出小说家的毛姆的话：“安娜爱上了渥伦斯基，托尔斯泰对此大不以为然，为了让读者懂得罪恶的报应就是死亡，他便把一个悲惨的结局强加到安娜身上。

安娜的死，除了托尔斯泰有意要把她引向死路，没有其他理由可以解释。

”因为，“既然安娜从未爱过她丈夫，她丈夫也从不把她放在心上，她为什么就不可以跟丈夫离婚，改嫁渥伦斯基，从此快快活活过日子呢？”这正是我当年看书时的疑问：既然那个上流社会，人们都以有情夫为荣，为什么保持暧昧关系可以，正大光明离婚结婚就不可以呢？③毛姆说得合乎情理，安娜哪里是自己要死，是托尔斯泰要她死。

一个虚构人物，只活在创造他的那个作家那里，别的作家半点奈何他不得。

《红楼梦》里的人物够活生生了吧，一到高鹗笔下，全部走了样；即便有些事已经知道了个八九不离十，比如林黛玉会早死，就是不知道她怎么死法。

2015上海市高考语文试卷(精校word版有答案)

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）语文一阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1—6题。

（17分）地图与理论模型①工程师在设计汽车时会按比例制作汽车模型，这种实物模型可以直观地呈现出汽车的构造，而且可以让一些实验更加便捷。

举办一场宴会前，我们会思考应该邀请谁参加、需要准备哪些食物等，这时我们其实也构建了一个模型。

这种模型与汽车模型不同，它不是一种实物，而是一种“理论”。

科学家的工作与此相似，也是构建某种理论模型，只是这类模型的特点理解起来比较困难。

②地图也是一种模型。

地图与理论模型的类比有助于我们了解理论模型的特点。

我们先来做一个练习。

请看一张某大学校园的局部地图：③这张地图的右边画有一个箭头。

请问：箭头指示的东西是什么？④人们通常会回答：箭头指示的是一幢建筑。

如果我说这答案不仅是错的，而且根本不着边，你会怎么想？你肯定会怀疑这是个把戏，没错，你的怀疑是正确的，但这个把戏的背后却是最为核心的问题。

⑤正确的答案是，箭头指示的是一个矩形图框。

这就是真正为箭头所指的东西。

人们会回答箭头指向了一幢建筑物，是因为根据地图和与之对应的实际环境，矩形图框显然表示一幢建筑物。

但建筑物只是矩形图框所表示的物体，而不是矩形图框本身。

⑥这个练习的目的是指出地图与其所表示的对象不是一码事。

当然，这只是一个把戏，生活中没有人会混淆地图上的一个矩形图框和现实中的一幢建筑。

毕竟．．，你可以将一张街道地图折起来放进你的口袋，却不可能把一个街道折起来放进口袋。

而理论模型与客观对象间的差别却容易被人忽略，这需要我们格外注意。

⑦我们都知道地图和它所表示的对象是不同的，但二者之间又存在着重要的联系。

那么，地图是如何与一个特定空间发生联系的呢？⑧第一，地图与它所表示的对象在结构上具有特定相似性。

就地图而言，结构的特定相似性是空间上的。

例如，地图中的线条的空间关系，与地图所表示的街道的空间关系相对应。

⑨第二，我们拥有一套社会约定来绘制和阅读地图。

上海市十二校2015届高三12月联考含答案

上海市十二校2015届高三联考英语试题 12月第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. $100. B. $40. C. $20. D. $60.2. A. Go to see a movie. B. Leave for Chicago.C. Meet her aunt at the station.D. Prepare a party.3. A. She doesn’t have any time. B. It doesn’t bother her to wait.C. She’s never had to wait before.D. She hasn’t seen anyone at all.4. A. History. B. Mathematics. C. Literature. D. Politics.5. A. She is only too pleased to come. B. She was an excellent mountain-climber.C. She didn’t go in for mountaineering.D. She was too busy to come.6. A. Read an article on political science. B. Read more than one article.C. Present a different theory to the class.D. Choose a better article to read.7. A. Place another order. B. Call on to check on it.C. Wait patiently.D. Go and find the furniture.8. A. She regards it as an exercise. B. She wants to save money.C. She loves doing anything that is new.D. Her office isn’t very far.9. A. At home. B. At the riverside.C. At the health center.D. At his office.10. A. He needs to find a new job. B. He can’t find his keys.C. His car needs to be repaired.D. He doesn’t know where his keys are.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The doctor was not very experienced.B. The doctor hadn’t seen the medical reports.C. The patient didn’t work well with the doctor.D. The patient was misunderstood by the doctor.12. A. The doctor treated her with the help of her previous doctors.B. The doctor always listened to her and believed her.C. The doctor treated her as a hopeless patient.D. The doctor treated her with strong medicines.13. A. To change her job.B. To keep a closer relationship with her family.C. To send him a note every day.D. To get married.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A piece of equipment.B. The workbook of the laboratory course.C. The framework of the laboratory course.D. One experiment of the laboratory course.15. A. The students must follow the instructions carefully.B. A great deal of equipment is available to all the students.C. Students can make their own choices about the activities.D. Homework must be handed in according to instructions.16. A. The activities are to be done in class.B. The activities take less time than the experiment.C. The students are not required to do the activities.D. Few detailed instructions are given for the activities.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you hear.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation:II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Learning in ChinaWe can always hear voices comparing t he educational systems in China and the US. It’s true that there exist a lot of differences, but this cannot be an excuse (25) ______ having a passive attitude toward studying in China.When I came back from the US last year and continued my senior middle school education in China, I sensed many great differences. I thought that school in China was too hard, and that we didn’t do enough fun exercise except running around playgrounds together. I was not patient enough and I couldn’t help but (26)______(c ry) to my mom. In short, I (27) ______ not face the changes and the pressure.After a long talk with my mother, I realized that though high school life in China is (28) ______ (hard), it can give us more. The pressure helps us learn the true meaning of competition before we step into society, which gives us a (29) ______ (determine) heart and teaches us to step forward (30) ______ ______ ______ the reality is. It’s like climbing a mountain, which might make you dizzy and nervous, but the top is always there waiting for you as long as you are strong enough (31)______ (take) one more step.Meanwhile, an easy life is not always good for us. Even some of my American friends call (32)______ “lazy Americans”, because the school in the US is not always eas y. When they go to college, they also need to work very hard. We complain mainly because we can’t see the whole picture.Sometimes we just simply listen to others’ words without thinking about (33) ______they’re true. We can’t always complain. Instead, we all need to understand that success takes efforts and tears.(B)Science – A way of ThinkingMany scientists, from their earlier work, have enough knowledge to make good guess as to the solution to a problem which (34) ______(work) on. In making new discoveries, they may use the trial-and-error method, they may draw on past experiences, or they may try to find out (35) ______others have discovered. They may design new investigations and new ways of testing their results. Scientists have to train themselves to use their brains efficiently.For example, when Thomas A. Edison was trying to make an electric lamp, he needed the only substance inside the bulb (36) ______would glow brightly without burning up quickly. He tried more than one thousand times (37) ______he found the exact substance he could use. After he had experimented for a long time, someone asked Mr. Edison whether he was discouraged at the waste of time. He replied, “I have not been wasting time. I (38)______ (find) one thousand materials tha t won’t work. Now I can look for others.” Edison’s statement is very important. Above all, scientists demand to know when and where they are wrong. A good question to ask in science is not “Am I right?” but “Am I wrong?”.Scientists spend many years of study (39) ______ (train) themselves to use their brains and the tools of investigation. They also use each other’s work. Isaac Newton, (40) who is ______unique British scientist, said he saw further than others because he stood on the shoulders of giants.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beGrammar is universal and plays a vital part in every language. So the question which has puzzled many linguists is: who created grammar?In order to answer the question of how complex languages are ＿41＿formed, the researcher needs to observe how languages are started from scratch. To find out how grammar is created, someone needs to be present at the time of a language’s creation, d ocumenting its ＿42＿. At first, it seems that this question is impossible to answer. Amazingly, this is possible.Some of the most recent languages ＿43＿due to the Atlantic slave trade, when slaves from a number of different ethnicities were forced to work together under the colonizer’s ＿44＿. Since they had no opportunity to learn each other’s languages, they developed a make-shift language called a pidgin (混杂语). Pidgins are strings of words ＿45＿from the language of the landowner. Interestingly, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed to it at the time when they learn their mother tongue. Slave children did not ＿46＿copy the strings of words uttered by their elders, they ＿47＿their words to create a new language.Further evidence of this can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf. Previously, all deaf people were isolated from each other, but in 1979 a government introduced schools for the deaf. Although children were taught speech and lip reading in the classroom, in the playgrounds they began to invent their own sign system, which was basically a pidgin. Each child used the signs differently, and there was no ＿48＿grammar. However, when this inventive sign system was already around, a quite different sign language was developed.Therefore it would appear that even the most widespread languages were partly created by children. Children appear to have innate (天生的) grammatical machinery in their brains, which springs to life when they are first trying to make ＿49＿of the world around them. Their minds can serve to create ＿50＿, complex structures, even when there is no existing grammar for them to copy.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But ＿51＿some claims to the contrary, laughing quietly probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does ＿52＿short-term changes in the activity of the heart and its blood vessels,boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to ＿53＿, a good laugh is unlikely to have ＿54＿benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.＿55＿, instead of stretching muscles tightly to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the ＿56＿. Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter57＿muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the noisy laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might imaginably help moderate the effects of psychological stress. After all, the act of laughing probably does give rise to other types of ＿58＿feedback that improve an individual’s emotional state. ＿59＿one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted in physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry because they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also comes before tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow from muscular ＿60＿. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany and his colleagues asked volunteers to ＿61＿a pen either with their teeth – thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would cause a(n) ＿62＿expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ＿63＿more cheerfully to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ＿64＿that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. ＿65＿, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.51. A. among B. except C. despite D. like52. A. reflect B. demand C. indicate D. produce53. A. release B. maintain C. evaluate D. observe54. A. measurable B. manageable C. affordable D. renewable55. A. In turn B. In fact C. In addition D. In brief56. A. opposite B. reverse C. function D. average57. A. hardens B. weakens C. tightens D. relaxes58. A. physical B. mental C. subconscious D. internal59. A. Owing to B. According to C. Due to D. As for60. A. stimulus B. responses C. reflection D. operation61. A. fetch B. bite C. pick D. hold62. A. disappointed B. excited C. joyful D. funny63. A. alerted B. contributed C. turned D. reacted64. A. suggesting B. requiring C. mentioning D. supposing65. A. Eventually B. Consequently C. Similarly D. CoincidentallySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch anotherbaboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did. In effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don’t associate with the knowledgeable individuals, or they are too shy to use the information once they have it, information may not travel between all group members, preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.66. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The design of Dr. Carter’s research.B. The results of Dr. Carter’s research.C. The purpose of Dr. Carter’s research.D. The significance of Dr. Carter’s research.67. According to the research, which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?A. Those that have more experience.B. Those that can avoid potential risks.C. Those that like to work independently.D. Those that feel anxious about learning.68. Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?A. Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.B. Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.C. Some baboons observe others but don’t follow them.D. Some baboons perform new tasks but don’t concentrate.69. Dr. Carter’s findings indicate that our culture might be formed through ______.A. storing informationB. learning from each otherC. understanding different peopleD. travelling between social groups(B).CityCabA Member of COMFORT DELGROComfortable airport & city transfers:MaxiCab (seats 6 passengers)Booking Hotline: +65 6542 8297… or book at the Airport Shuttle counter at Terminal 1 or Terminal 2MaxiCab Service RatesTransfer to Airport/other destination$35 Hourly Service (per hour – minimum 2 hours) $35Applicable additional charges: -- Between midnight to 6 am, an additional $12 per transfer or perhour -- For en-route stop to final destination, an additional $5 per stopapply otherwise $20-- Administrative charges of 10% of total fare for all Credit CardpaymentsPersonalized tours:SingaporeCabby Tour ✓ Conducted by licensed taxi tourist guides approved by the Singapore Tourism Board ✓ Exclusive private tours in 6-seater MaxiCabs, 4-seater Mercedes LimoCabs and normal cabs ✓ Flexible pick-up times and locations✓ Extension of additional attractions and restaurants upon request.sg70. What taxi services can a tourist to Singapore have according to the passage?a. specially-tailored tours around Singaporeb. transfers between the terminals at the airportc. personalized tours beyond Singapored. transfers between the airport and the citye. hourly private Singapore taxi servicef. airport & city goods deliveryA. a, d, eB. a, b, fC. b, c, eD. c, d, f71. If a tourist goes to the airport in a MaxiCab at 5 a.m. and pays by credit card, he / she has to pay _________.A. $47B. $38.5C. $55D. $51.772. If a tourist group intends to book one of the suggested tours in a 6-seater MaxiCab, it ________.A. has to register at .sgB. can choose the time and place to collect the groupC. may apply to the Singapore Tourism BoardD. must first pay at least $105 as deposit73. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. A MaxiCab driver can stop on the way on request with extra charges.B. The cabby tour can show you around Singapore in the night time.C. A MaxiCab taxi tourist guide isn’t allowed to add scenic spots en route.D. Specially-trained taxi drivers operate various tours around Singapore.(C)Because I am extremely vulnerable to both slick advertising an d peer pressure, I’ve been thinking about getting an iPad. But here’s the problem: I’m cheap, and the iPad’s not. If I’m going to fork over at least $499 for a new device, I want to try it out and make sure it’s not just a larger, shinier version of my iPh one. But if I went to my local Apple Store, I’d get to spend only a few minutes testing out the machine. I wanted more time than that, so I rented one for $15 a day from a guy on SnapGoods.The Internet start-up in Brooklyn runs on simple reasoning: there are people who want to borrow stuff – camping equipment, food processors, robot vacuums, etc. – and there are people who have stuff they want to lend. SnapGoods helps these two groups connect over the Web. SnapGoods is one of many sites that have sprung up to facilitate offline sharing. Some sites have a narrow, obvious focus (like ) while others are more obscure (Neighborhood Fruit helps people share what’s growing in their yards or find fruit trees on public land). But regardless of whether the sharing is free or involves a fee, these transactions often come with a stick-it-to-the-man attitude. “Borrow these things from your neighbors,” reads one earnest request on , “The owner-ship has SAILED!”All of these sites are encouraging something academics call collaborative consumption –in other words, peer-to-peer sharing or renting. Renting something you don’t need to use very often makes a lot more sense than buying it and letting it collect dust in your garage. There’s a gre en aspect as well, since sharing helps cut down on overall use of resources. But one of collaborative consumption’s most surprising benefits turns out to be social. In an era when families are scatteredaround the country and we may not know the people down the street from us, sharing things –even with strangers we’ve just met online – allows us to make meaningful connections.“This isn’t just about saving the environment or saving a dollar,” says SnapGoods CEO Ron Williams, who came up with the idea afte r renting a stranger’s motorcycle via Craigslist. “This is about saving yourself by making informed consumer decisions.”I’m not sure if I got a thrill when I borrowed Goodwin’s iPad, but it did feel good to make a connection. In the end, though, I decide d not to purchase an iPad. Sorry, Steve Jobs. I’m just not that into owning things anymore.74. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the author’s renting an iPad instead of buying one?A. The iPad is expensive and the author wants to make sure an iPad is worthy.B. He has already got an iPhone and expects to test the better quality of iPad.C.The local Apple Store only offters limited time to test out the machine.D. The iPad is so expensive that he cannot afford it.75. SnapGoods is a website which________.A. facilitates online sharingB. helps people borrow things from their neighborsC. connects borrowers and lenders for stuff sharingD. sells iPad online76. What is Ron Williams’ attitude towards collaborative consumption?A. FavorableB. CriticalC. IndifferentD. Not known77. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?A. SnapGoods: a Good Place For ShoppingB. Borrow, Don’t Buy: Websites That Let Strangers ShareC. Why Do I RentD. Tips For Selling Things On the InternetSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Ambitious “go getters” (people energetic and eager to succeed) earn more mon ey throughout their lives –but the “price” is that they have poorer health and die younger. They are also not much happier than less ambitious people.A new study tracked 717 high achievers who attended universities such as Oxford, Harvard and Yale, as we ll as high ability individuals who didn’t attend universities. The researchers assume that highly ambitious people may devote so much time to their jobs that they neglect areas of life proven to help people live long, happy life.The study focused on people born in the first half of the 20th century, and tracked them to the end of their lives. “Ambitious kids had higher educational attainment, attended highly esteemed universities, worked in more prestigious (有声望的) occupations, and earned more,” says Timoth y Judge, professor of management at the University of Notre Dame’s Mendoza College of Business.“So, it would seem that they are prepared to ‘have it all.’ However, we determined that ambition has a much weaker effect on life satisfaction and actually a slightly negative impact on longevity (how long people lived).“So, yes, ambitious people do achieve more successful careers, but that doesn’t seem to translate into leading happier or healthier lives.” Judge used a complex formula to judge ambition at every stage of life – and to divide high-ability individuals into “ambitious” and “less ambitious” groups. “If ambition has its positive effects, and in terms of career success it certainly seems that it does, our study also suggests that it carries with it som e cost,” Prof Judge says.“Despite their many accomplishments, ambitious people are only slightly happier than their less-ambitious counterparts, and they actually live somewhat shorter lives.”“Perhaps the investments they make in their careers come at th e expense of the things we know affect longevity: healthy behaviors, stable relationships and deep social networks.”“If your biggest wish for your children is that they lead happy and healthy lives, you might not want to overemphasize professional success. There are limits to what our ambitions bring us – or our children.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS) 78. According to the passage, ambitious people have greater earning power in their life, but at thecost of their ___________.79. Who were followed and studied by the researchers in the new study?_______________________________________________.80. What are the factors that affect people’s longevity?_______________________________________________.81. Parents who expect their children to live a happy and healthy life should __________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．新出台的高考政策将在一定程度上影响我国教育的发展。

上海市十二校2015届高三12月联考化学试卷.pdf

、学校:曙光中学学校: 朱家角、嘉二中 2014年12月可能用到的相对原子质量：H—1 C—12 N—14 O—16 Na—23 Mg—24 Al—27 S—32 Cl—35.5 K—39 Ca—40 Fe—56 Cu—64 Zn—65 I—127 第I卷（共66分）选择题（本题共10分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项）下列有关微粒之间关系和特征描述正确的是（）。

选项微粒相互关系特征描述AC60、C70、C540同位素微粒中只含非极性共价键B新戊烷、2，2-二甲基丙烷同分异构体常温常压下呈气态CPt、Pt同素异形体铂作氨催化氧化时的催化剂D甲酸、硬脂酸同系物能发生酯化反应?“分类”的思想方法，在化学发展中起到了重要作用．下列分类标准合理的是（）A．碱性氧化物一定是金属氧化物，金属氧化物不一定是碱性氧化物B．只含一种元素的物质一定是单质C．溶于水后能电离出H+的化合物都为酸D．有单质生成的反应一定是氧化还原反应烧碱工业制食醋棕色瓶密封保存带玻璃塞的试剂瓶 5．下图表示溶液中c(H＋)和c(OH－)的关系，下列判断错误的是（） A．两条曲线间任意点均有c(H＋)×c(OH－)＝KW B．M区域内任意点均有c(H＋)＜c(OH－) C．图中T1＜T2 D．XZ线上任意点均有pH＝7二选择题（本题共36分，每小题3分，只有一个正确选项）下列实验过程中，始终无明显现象的是 A．NO2通入FeSO4溶液中 B．CO2通入CaCl2溶液中 C．NH3通入AlCl3溶液中 D．SO2通入已酸化的Ba(NO3)2溶液中物质发生化学反应时，下列量值在反应前后肯定不发生变化的是（） ①电子总数； ②原子总数； ③分子总数； ④物质的种类； ⑤物质的总质量；⑥物质所具有的总能量。

． 9．由乙醇制乙二酸乙二酯最简单的正确流程途径顺序是①取代反应　②加成反应　③氧化反应　④还原反应　⑤消去反应　⑥酯化反应　⑦水解反应 A．①②③⑤⑦ B．⑤②⑦③⑥ C．⑤②①③④ D．①②⑤③⑥ ．下列有关实验操作、现象和解释或结论都正确的是( ) 选项实验操作现象解释或结论A过量的Fe粉中加入稀HNO3，充分反应后，滴入KSCN溶液溶液呈红色稀HNO3将Fe氧化为Fe3＋BAgI沉淀中滴入稀KCl溶液有白色沉淀出现AgCl比AgI更难溶CAl箔插入稀HNO3中无现象Al箔表面被HNO3氧化，形成致密的氧化膜D用玻璃棒蘸取浓氨水点到红色石蕊试纸上试纸变蓝色浓氨水呈碱性H2A为二元弱酸，则下列说法正确的是A．在溶质物质的量相等的Na2A、NaHA两溶液中，阴离子总数相等 B．在等物质的量浓度的Na2A、NaHA两溶液中，前者pH大于后者 C．在NaHA溶液中一定有：c(Na＋)>c(HA－)>c(OH－)>c(H＋) D．在Na2A溶液中一定有：c(Na＋)＋c(H＋)＝c(HA－)＋c(OH－)＋c(A2－)按下图所示装置做实验，若x轴表示流入阴极的电子的物质的量，则y轴可表示( ) ①c(Ag＋)　②c(NO)　③a棒的质量　④b棒的质量　⑤溶液的pH A．①③ B．③④ C．①②④ D．①②⑤ 已知反应①：CO(g)＋CuO(s) CO2(g)＋Cu(s)和反应②：H2(g)＋CuO(s) Cu(s)＋H2O(g)在相同的某温度下的平衡常数分别为K1和K2，该温度下反应③： CO(g)＋H2O(g) CO2(g)＋H2(g)的平衡常数为K。

上海市十二校2015届高三12月联考数学(文)试题--含答案

2015届高三级部12月阶段考试语文试卷答案

12月阶段考试语文答案1.D（D项是从阅读者的角度表达的,不是山水诗形成的原因。

）2.C(张冠李戴，用“读万卷书”来弥补“行万里路”的不足的是阅读者，不是古今诗文大家、艺术巨匠。

)3.D（表述太肯定绝对，原文是“几乎达到”。

）4.A（县军：即“悬”军，深入敌境的孤军。

）5.C（“此间虽有贼，不足忧，而畏征南方有变。

今水生而曹仁县军，无有远备。

关羽骁锐，乘利而进，必将为患。

”判断的关键：1、“畏”的宾语；2、“县”通“悬”，“县军”为“曹仁”的谓语；3、“乘利而进”的主语。

）6.A（温恢不是一向乐善好施，他是看到国家将要发生变乱，认为聚集财富是没有用处的。

）7.（1）（我）非常想让你留在我身边，只不过认为没有扬州的事情重要。

（采分点：省略句、甚、亲近、顾、以为。

每点1分。

）（2）这一定是襄阳的急难，想要让众将前往，不下令让众将紧急前往的原因是不想惊动远方的军队。

（采分点：必、（襄阳之）急、赴（使动）、所以（……的原因）、远众（名词）。

每点1分。

）参考译文：温恢字曼基，是太原郡祁县人。

父亲温恕，任涿郡太守，去世的时候，温恢十五岁，送丧回乡，家里十分富有。

温恢说：“世上刚刚开始大乱，要这么多钱有什么用呢？”一下子把家财全部散出给自己宗族的人，帮助他们振兴家业。

州里认为他的作法高尚，把他同州里的先贤郇越相比。

温恢被推举为孝廉，作过廪丘县长，鄢陵、广川县的县令，彭城、鲁城的相，所在的地方对他有好评。

又入朝作丞相主簿，出任扬州刺史。

太祖曹操对他说：“我非常愿意让您在我身边做事，但又认为扬州的事情更为重要。

《尚书》上说‘十分亲近且办事得力的大臣如果良好，那么诸事都会安宁’。

是不是需要让蒋济来担任治中辅助您呢？”当时蒋济正任丹杨太守，于是便下令让他回到扬州。

曹操又对将军张辽、乐进等人说：“扬州刺史温恢通晓军事，进退要和他共同商议。

”建安二十四年（219），孙权统兵攻打合肥。

那时候各州都屯兵守卫，温恢对兖州刺史裴潜说：“这里虽然有贼兵，但还构不成威胁，所害怕的是曹仁的征南部队遭遇变故。

上海市十二校2015届高三12月联考地理试题

上海市十二校2015届高三12月联考地理试题（完卷时间120分钟，满分150分） 2014.12一、单项选择题：（每小题2分，共60分）（一）2014年北京时间6月13日凌晨2时15分，巴西世界杯开幕式在圣保罗竞技场隆重举行。

据此回答1～2题。

1. 开幕式时巴西的当地时间（西三区区时）是A.6月12日13时15分B.6月12日15时15分C.6月13日13时15分D.6月13日15时15分2. 开幕式时段A．江淮地区适逢梅雨季节B．亚洲大陆被高压控制C．华北平原正值小麦播种期D．北印度洋洋流呈逆时针流动（二）近年，随着全球气候变暖，我国部分地区的自然环境出现了一系列反常现象。

回答3-4题。

3．下列现象中，与全球气候变暖有关的是：①天山博格达峰雪线下降②东海出现南海的鱼种③华北地区树枝提前抽芽④灾害性天气出现频繁A．②③④ B．①②③ C．①③④ D．①②④4．自然界中某种因素的变化会引起其他一系列因素的变化，例如青藏高原积雪面积减小，会引起该地域自然环境的连锁变化。

这种变化包括：①地表温度年变化增大②风化加速导致岩崩现象加剧③羊八井地热温度升高④山地针叶林带海拔高度降低A．①④ B．②③ C．③④ D．①②（三）臭氧层保护是当今全球最重要的环保议题之一。

下图反映了9月份30°S～80°S 平流层臭氧总量多年变化状况。

读图回答5—6题。

5.随年份的推移，臭氧总量A．最大值所在位置南移B．随纬度的增高而递减C．在高纬地区递减明显D．随大气CO2浓度而增6.臭氧总量减少直接导致A．太阳紫外线辐射减小B．平流层气温降低C．酸雨区面积缩小D．地面辐射强度减弱（四）读云南路南石林地区不同植被下土层空气中CO2浓度示意图，完成7-8题。

7．如果水分条件相同，下列植被分布区中土层最容易被溶蚀的是A．无植被耕地B．人工草坡C．柏树林D．天然草坡8.如果当地植被遭到破坏，可能会产生一系列的环境问题或自然灾害.但不会引起A.水土流失B.荒漠化C.滑坡、泥石流D.土壤盐碱化（五）陕北高原南部过去以种粮为主，产量低。