VQC功能说明书

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VQC功能介绍(电力系统自动电压、无功控制系统)之欧阳数创编

VQC软件功能介绍2．概述Sesa电压无功综合控制系统适用于电力系统中35kv～220kv变电站自动化系统，可根据电网要求对有载调压变压器分接头及并联电容器组进行最优控制，从而提高电压合格率降低线损，使电网在满足供电质量的条件下最经济地运行。

系统采用PC工控机/工控工作站作为硬件平台，PC工控机/工控工作站具有全封闭正压结构、防震、防尘、防电磁干扰等特点。

硬件按功能采用模块化设计，配置合理，因而具有很高的可靠性。

系统采用windows操作系统，SQL Server2000数据库作为软件平台。

向用户提供最优的人机界面。

通过键盘和鼠标操作，全中文显示，标准windows界面，用户能够方便地进行操作和参数整定，还可以通过液晶显示器实时显示变电站主接线图，便于用户掌握变电站运行情况，及时发现问题并加以处理，确保系统正常运行。

3．主要功能2.1基本控制功能a)本装置可控制1～3台有载调压变压器和3x 2组电容器。

b)控制方式可根据需要采用先进的十七区图控制策略或九区图控制策略，可单独控制变压器分接头或电容器，也可以进行综合优化控制。

c)可根据变电站高低压侧断路器状态和母联开关位置自动识别运行方式。

d)据据所需的无功补偿量，选择适当的电容器组进行投切，对不能参加投切或故障的电容器可以单独予以闭锁。

e)从检测到被控参数越限到发出控制命令有一定的延时，必须连续落在同一区域才执行相应得策略，延时时间可整定。

f)变压器调档或电容器投切两次动作之间有一定的时间间隔，间隔时间可整定。

2.2控制方式a 电压无功综合控制，根据主变母线电压负荷以及无功功率的大小综合控制。

以电压优先为原则，执行相应的控制策略。

(方法一)b电压自动调节，根据母线电压自动调节主变档位，使母线电压始终处于规定范围之内。

电压限值可灵活设定。

(方法二)c无功自动补偿，根据无功功率的大小自动控制并联电容器组的投切，使整个电网的无功功率维持在期望的功率范围附近。

VQC功能介绍(电力系统自动电压、无功控制系统)之欧阳理创编

系统采用PC工控机/工控工作站作为硬件平台，PC工控机/工控工作站具有全封闭正压结构、防震、防尘、防电磁干扰等特点。

硬件按功能采用模块化设计，配置合理，因而具有很高的可靠性。

系统采用windows操作系统，SQL Server2000数据库作为软件平台。

向用户提供最优的人机界面。

3．主要功能2.1基本控制功能a)本装置可控制1～3台有载调压变压器和3x 2组电容器。

b)控制方式可根据需要采用先进的十七区图控制策略或九区图控制策略，可单独控制变压器分接头或电容器，也可以进行综合优化控制。

c)可根据变电站高低压侧断路器状态和母联开关位置自动识别运行方式。

d)据据所需的无功补偿量，选择适当的电容器组进行投切，对不能参加投切或故障的电容器可以单独予以闭锁。

e)从检测到被控参数越限到发出控制命令有一定的延时，必须连续落在同一区域才执行相应得策略，延时时间可整定。

f)变压器调档或电容器投切两次动作之间有一定的时间间隔，间隔时间可整定。

2.2控制方式a 电压无功综合控制，根据主变母线电压负荷以及无功功率的大小综合控制。

以电压优先为原则，执行相应的控制策略。

(方法一)b电压自动调节，根据母线电压自动调节主变档位，使母线电压始终处于规定范围之内。

电压限值可灵活设定。

(方法二)c无功自动补偿，根据无功功率的大小自动控制并联电容器组的投切，使整个电网的无功功率维持在期望的功率范围附近。

VQC功能说明书

电压无功控制功能说明书南瑞集团南京中德保护控制系统有限公司2002/8/2第一节VQC的调节原理一．意义电压的稳定对于保证国民经济的生产，延长生产设备的使用寿命有着重要的意义，而减少无功在线路上的流动，降低网损经济供电又是每一供电部门的目标。

随着变电站负荷的波动，对其电压与无功控制的需求往往很频繁。

如果由值班人员进行调节干预，则会增加值班人员的负担，而且很难做到调节的合理性。

随着变电站的综合自动化能力的提高，系统的采样精度与响应速度均有很大的改善，各种方式接入的信号范围较以往系统有了很大的扩展，因此在现有的当地监控系统中，用软件模块来实现电压与无功的自动调节，理论上所需的条件已经具备。

二．调节原理对于变电站就地补偿来讲为了使电压与无功达到所需的值，通常采用改变主变分接头档位和电容器组投退来改变系统的电压与无功。

分接头的变化不仅对电压有影响，而且对无功也有一定的影响，同样电容器组的投切对无功影响的同时也对电压起着一定的影响。

下面让我们以一台变压器来分析一下各种情况下的电压与无功调节方式。

电压（U）取主变的低压侧母线线电压。

无功（Q）取主变的高压侧无功。

分接头调节对电压及无功的影响趋势图如下：UA1分接头上调● AA2分接头下调Q图1 分接头调节对电压及无功的影响趋势图A 调节前的运行暂态点A1 分接头上调后的U与Q预计运行点，变化趋势：U变大，Q变大A2 分接头下调后的U与Q预计运行点，变化趋势：U变小，Q变小电容器投切对电压及无功的影响趋势图如下：UA1 投入电容器A ●A2 退出电容器Q图2 电容器投切对电压及无功的影响趋势图A 调节前的运行暂态点A1 投入电容器后的U与Q预计运行点，变化趋势：Q变小，U变大A2 退出电容器后的U与Q预计运行点，变化趋势：Q变大，U变小三．控制区域/策略1．控制区域：根据调节原理，可以将整个调节区域划分成“井”字形九区，在各个区内执行相应的控制策略。

控制分区见图3：Q图3 以电压和无功作为坐标的控制分区图2．控制策略：各区域的控制策略如下：(这里的无功上下限，若是用无功功率作为限值，就是给定限值；若是用功率因数作为限值，则是用有功功率和功率因数限值折算后的限值)区域1：U正常，Q越上限。

VQC功能介绍(电力系统自动电压、无功控制系统)

VQC软件功能介绍1．概述Sesa电压无功综合控制系统适用于电力系统中35kv～220kv变电站自动化系统，可根据电网要求对有载调压变压器分接头及并联电容器组进行最优控制，从而提高电压合格率降低线损，使电网在满足供电质量的条件下最经济地运行。

系统采用PC工控机/工控工作站作为硬件平台，PC工控机/工控工作站具有全封闭正压结构、防震、防尘、防电磁干扰等特点。

硬件按功能采用模块化设计，配置合理，因而具有很高的可靠性。

系统采用windows操作系统，SQL Server2000数据库作为软件平台。

向用户提供最优的人机界面。

2．主要功能2.1基本控制功能a)本装置可控制1～3台有载调压变压器和3x 2组电容器。

b)控制方式可根据需要采用先进的十七区图控制策略或九区图控制策略，可单独控制变压器分接头或电容器，也可以进行综合优化控制。

c)可根据变电站高低压侧断路器状态和母联开关位置自动识别运行方式。

d)据据所需的无功补偿量，选择适当的电容器组进行投切，对不能参加投切或故障的电容器可以单独予以闭锁。

e)从检测到被控参数越限到发出控制命令有一定的延时，必须连续落在同一区域才执行相应得策略，延时时间可整定。

f)变压器调档或电容器投切两次动作之间有一定的时间间隔，间隔时间可整定。

2.2控制方式a 电压无功综合控制，根据主变母线电压负荷以及无功功率的大小综合控制。

以电压优先为原则，执行相应的控制策略。

(方法一)b电压自动调节，根据母线电压自动调节主变档位，使母线电压始终处于规定范围之内。

电压限值可灵活设定。

(方法二)c 无功自动补偿，根据无功功率的大小自动控制并联电容器组的投切，使整个电网的无功功率维持在期望的功率范围附近。

VQC功能介绍(电力系统自动电压、无功控制系统)之欧阳道创编

系统采用PC工控机/工控工作站作为硬件平台，PC工控机/工控工作站具有全封闭正压结构、防震、防尘、防电磁干扰等特点。

硬件按功能采用模块化设计，配置合理，因而具有很高的可靠性。

系统采用windows操作系统，SQL Server2000数据库作为软件平台。

向用户提供最优的人机界面。

3．主要功能2.1基本控制功能a)本装置可控制1～3台有载调压变压器和3x 2组电容器。

b)控制方式可根据需要采用先进的十七区图控制策略或九区图控制策略，可单独控制变压器分接头或电容器，也可以进行综合优化控制。

c)可根据变电站高低压侧断路器状态和母联开关位置自动识别运行方式。

d)据据所需的无功补偿量，选择适当的电容器组进行投切，对不能参加投切或故障的电容器可以单独予以闭锁。

e)从检测到被控参数越限到发出控制命令有一定的延时，必须连续落在同一区域才执行相应得策略，延时时间可整定。

f)变压器调档或电容器投切两次动作之间有一定的时间间隔，间隔时间可整定。

2.2控制方式a 电压无功综合控制，根据主变母线电压负荷以及无功功率的大小综合控制。

以电压优先为原则，执行相应的控制策略。

(方法一)b电压自动调节，根据母线电压自动调节主变档位，使母线电压始终处于规定范围之内。

电压限值可灵活设定。

(方法二)c无功自动补偿，根据无功功率的大小自动控制并联电容器组的投切，使整个电网的无功功率维持在期望的功率范围附近。

VQC2000(V100)-TFP35_ETC安装和维护手册说明书

Installation & Maintenance Manual Solenoid valve for manifold pilot control:VQC2101NY-5-X10(Basic and well-tried safety principles inaccordance to ISO 13849)The intended use of the valve is to control the external pilot air of other valves on the same valve manifold.This product is validated according to ISO 13849 basic and well-tried safety principles. Refer to Doc. Nr. VQC2000V-SMP0002.This manual contains essential information for the protection of users and others from possible injury and/or equipment damage.•Read this manual before using the product, to ensure correct handling, and read the manuals of related apparatus before use.•Keep this manual in a safe place for future reference.•These instructions indicate the level of potential hazard by label of “DANGER”, “WARNING” or “CAUTION”, followed by important safety information which must be carefully followed.•To ensure safety of personnel and equipment the instructions in this manual and the product catalogue must be observed, along with other relevant safety practices.Take care about the compliance with the relevant safety laws and standards.CAUTION Indicates a hazard with a low level of risk,which if not avoided, could result in minor ormoderate injury.WARNING Indicates a hazard with a medium level ofrisk, which if not avoided, could result indeath or serious injury.DANGER Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk,which if not avoided, will result in death orinjury.WARNING•Thecompatibility of pneumatic equipment is theresponsibilityof theperson who designs the pneumatic system or decides its specifications.Since the products specified here can be used in various operatingconditions, their compatibility with the specific pneumatic system mustbe based on specifications or after analysis and/or tests to meetspecific requirements.•Only trained personnel should operate pneumatically operatedmachinery and equipment.Compressed air can be dangerous if an operator is unfamiliar with it.Assembly, handling or repair of pneumatic systems should beperformed by trained and experienced personnel.•Do not service machinery/equipment or attempt to removecomponents until safety is confirmed.1) Inspection and maintenance of machinery/equipment should only beperformed after confirmation of safe locked-out control positions.2) When equipment is to be removed, confirm the safety process asmentioned above. Switch off air and electrical supplies and exhaust allresidual compressed air in the system.3) Before machinery/equipment is re-started, ensure all safetymeasures to prevent sudden movement of cylinders etc. (Supply airinto the system gradually to create back pressure, i.e. incorporate asoft-start valve).•Do not use this product outside of the specifications. Contact SMCif it is to be used in any of the following conditions:1) Conditions and environments beyond the given specifications, or ifthe product is to be used outdoors.2) Installations in conjunction with atomic energy, railway, air navigation,vehicles, medical equipment, food and beverage, recreation equipment,emergency stop circuits, press applications, or safety equipment.3) An application which has the possibility of having negative effects onpeople, property, or animals, requiring special safety analysis.•Effect of back pressure when using a manifoldThis valve is designed to be used on a manifold. This valve mayexperience back pressure due to pressure in the manifold exhaust ports.Back pressure check valves can be used to prevent back pressureaffecting the outlet ports of this valve.•VentilationProvide ventilation when using a valve in a confined area, such as in aclosed control panel. For example, install a ventilation opening, etc. inorder to prevent pressure from increasing inside of the confined areaand to release the heat generated by the valve.•Operation in a low temperature conditionIt is possible to operate a valve in extreme temperature, as low as–10 C. Take appropriate measures to avoid freezing of drainage,moisture etc. in low temperature.•Do not disassemble the product or make any modificationsCAUTION•Ensure that the air supply system is filtered to 5 µm.2 Specifications2.1 General specificationsValve Type Special 5-Port Solenoid Valve Note 1)Valve Configuration Rubber seal (Pilot valve V100)De-energized actuation Air / spring returnFluid AirMax. operating pressure 0.7 MPaMin. operating pressure 0.25 MPaProof pressure 1.05 MPaResponse time 31 ms or less Note 2)Minimum frequency 1 cycle / 30 daysMass 105 gAmbient temperature -10 to +50°C (No freezing)LubricationNot requiredManual override Push typeImpact resistance/ Vibration resistance 150 / 30 m/s2Note 3)Mounting orientation universalEnclosure IP67ValvespecificationsService life B10Refer to VQC2000V-SMP0002Rated coil voltage 24 VDCAllowable voltage fluctuation ±10 % of rated voltage Note 4)Coil insulation type Class B or equivalentElect.Power consumption (Current) 24 VDC 0.4 W DC (17 mA)Table 12.2 Flow-rateFlow-rate Characteristics1 -> 4,2 (P > A,B) 4,2 -> 5,3 (A,B > R1,R2)ModelC[dm3/(s.bar)] b Cv C[dm3/(s.bar)] b CvVQC2101NY-5-X10 2.2 0.28 0.55 3.2 0.30 0.80Table 2Note 1)When the Air Supply is cut (port 1 (P)) the main valve returns to the originalposition.Note 2)Values represented in this column are based on JIS 8375-1981 (operatingwith clean air and a supply pressure of 0,5 MPa equipped with light/surgevoltage suppressor. Values vary depending on the pressure as well as the airquality.) Tested with ports size C8 and without back pressure check valvesNote 3)Impact resistance: No malfunction occurred when it was tested with a droptester in the axial direction and at right angles to the main valve & armature;in both energized & de-energised states and for every time in each condition(Values at the initial period.)Vibration resistance: No malfunction occurred in a one-sweep test between45 and 2000 Hz. Tests are performed at both energized and de-energizedstates in the axial direction and at right angles to the main valve & armature.Note 4) If power supply is under -10% of standard power supply 24 V DC thevalve may switch to the OFF position. The valve may switch to thede-energized state.2.3 SymbolFigure 32.4 Light/Surge Voltage SuppressorFigure 4Valve is only available as negative COM Type (PNP).3 InstallationWARNING3.1 Environment1. Do not use in an environment where the product is directly exposed tocorrosive gases, chemicals, salt water, water or steam.2. Products with IP67 enclosures (based on IEC60529) are protectedagainst dust and water, however, these products cannot be used in water.3. Incorrect mounting of the product violates the IP67 rating. Be sure to readthe precautions of mounting for each product.4. Do not use in an explosive atmosphere.5.The product should not be exposed to prolonged sunlight. Use a protectivecover.6. Do not mount the product in a location where it is subject to strongvibrations and/or shock. Check the product specifications.7. Do not mount the product in a location exposed to radiant heat.3.2 Piping1. Preparation before pipingBefore piping is connected, it should be thoroughly blown out with air(flushing) or washed to remove chips, cutting oil and other debris frominside the pipe.Install piping so that it does not apply pulling, pressing, bending or otherforces the valve body.2. Holding of pressureRubber sealed spool valves may have a slight leakage. This has to betaken into account for applications, in which the loss of pressure leads toa hazardous movement.3. Maintenance space.The installation should have sufficient space for maintenance activities(removal of valve, etc.).4. Release of residual pressure.Provide a residual pressure release function for maintenance activities(removal of valve, etc.)CAUTION3 3.3 Lubrication•SMC products have been lubricated for life at manufacture, and do notrequire lubrication in service.•If a lubricant is used in the system, use turbine oil Class 1 (no additive),ISO VG32. Once lubricant is used in the system, lubrication must becontinued because the original lubricant applied during manufacturingwill be washed away.WARNING3.4 Mounting1. Stop operation if air leakage increases and the equipment do notoperate properly.Check mounting conditions after air and power supplies are connected.Initial function and leakage tests should be performed after installation.2. Instruction manual (this document)Install only after reading and understanding the safety instructions. Keepon file so that it can be referred to when necessary.3. CoatingWarnings or specifications indicated on the product should not be erased,removed, or covered up.CAUTION3.5 Wiring1. Applied voltage.When electric power is connected to the solenoid valve, be careful toapply the proper voltage. Improper voltage may cause malfunction or coildamage.2. Confirm the connections.After completing the wiring, confirm that the connections are madecorrectly.4 Settings4.1 Manual overrideWARNINGSince connected equipment will operate when the manual override isactivated, confirm that conditions are safe prior to activation. Thenon-locking push type (tool required) is standard.Non-locking push type (Tool required)Figure 5The manual override will actuating the pilot valve and the pilot valvepressure will actuating the main valve movement.4.2 Solenoid Valve Removal and Mounting (VQC2000)Figure 6Clamp AClamp BClamp Screw ORIGINAL INSTRUCTIONS4.2.1 Removal steps1. Loosen the clamp screws until they turn freely. (The screws do not come out.)2. Remove the solenoid valve from clamp B by lifting the coil side of the valve while pushing on the screw top. If pushing down on the screw is difficult, you can alternately press down on the valve gently in the area near the manual override.4.2.2 Mounting steps1.Push the clamp screws. Clamp A opens. Now insert the end plate hook of the valve into clamp B at an angle.2. Push the valve down into place. (When you release the screws, the valve will be locked into clamp A.)3. Tighten the clamp screws with a tightening torque of 0.5 to 0.7 N ･mCAUTIONDust on the sealing surface of the gasket or solenoid valve can cause air leakage.Take care that the pilot pressure is able to exhaust. Do not block the Exhaust Ports.Order Number VQC2101NY-5-X10Special Pilot valve Cover (Color: Red)( Dimensions are in Millimeter )WARNING1. Perform maintenance procedures shown in this instruction manual. If handled improperly malfunction or damage of machinery/equipment may occur.2. Removing the productTo avoid the risk of being burned, ensure that the valve has had sufficient time to cool before performing work.1. Shut off the fluid supply and release the fluid pressure in the system.2. In the case of air pilot or air-operated type, shut off the supply air source and discharge the compressed air inside the pilot piping.3. Shut off the power supply.4. Remove the product.3. Low frequency operation.Valves should be operated at least once every 30 days to prevent malfunction. (Use caution regarding the air supply).For optimum usage, conduct regular inspections every 6 months.4. Manual overrideWhen the manual override is operated, connected equipment will be actuated.5. Do not disassemble the product.CAUTION1. Filters and strainers1. Be careful regarding clogging of filters and strainers.2. Replace filter elements after one year of use, or earlier if the pressuredrop reaches 0.1 MPa.3. Clean strainers when the pressure drop reaches 0.1 MPa.2. Drain flushingRemove drainage from air filters regularly. (Refer to the specifications.)5.1 Replacing One-touch fittingsCAUTIONCylinder port fittingsare available with cassette type manifolds and are easily replaced. Fittings are secured with a retaining clip that is inserted vertically from either the top or bottom of the manifold. After removing the valve, remove the clip with a flat head screwdriver to replace the fittings. To mount a fitting, insert the fitting assembly until it spots and reinsert the retaining clip to its designated position.Figure 78 Limitations of UseDANGERThis Special Valve is developed for use only on a Special Manifold block Assembly: VVQC2000-1A-#-C0-X10 # = S – single wiring # = D – double wiringUse on other manifold block assemblies is not allowed. This can cause damage or malfunction.Any use in an EN ISO 13849 system must be within the specified limits and application condition. The user is responsible for the specification, design, implementation, validation and maintenance of the safety system (SRP/CS).WarningIf a safe output from a safety relay or PLC is used to operate this valve, ensure that any output test pulse duration is shorter than 1 ms to avoid the valve solenoid responding.6 ContactsAUSTRIA (43) 2262 62280-0 LATVIA(371) 781 77 00 BELGIUM (32) 3 355 1464 LITHUANIA(370) 5 264 8126 BULGARIA (359) 2 974 4492 NETHERLANDS (31) 20 531 8888 CZECH REP. (420) 541 424 611 NORWAY (47) 67 12 90 20 DENMARK (45) 7025 2900 POLAND (48) 22 211 9600 ESTONIA (372) 651 0370 PORTUGAL (351) 21 471 1880 FINLAND (358) 207 513513 ROMANIA (40) 21 320 5111 FRANCE (33) 1 6476 1000 SLOVAKIA (421) 2 444 56725 GERMANY (49) 6103 4020 SLOVENIA (386) 73 885 412 GREECE (30) 210 271 7265 SPAIN (34) 945 184 100 HUNGARY (36) 23 511 390 SWEDEN(46) 8 603 1200 IRELAND (353) 1 403 9000SWITZERLAND (41) 52 396 3131 ITALY(39) 02 92711UNITED KINGDOM(44) 1908 563888SMC Corporation www.smcworld,com (Global) (Europe) SMC Corporation, Akihabara UDX15F, 4-14-1, Sotokanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0021 JAPANSpecifications are subject to change without prior notice from the manufacturer. The descriptions of products in this document may be used by other companies. © 2012 SMC Corporation All Rights Reserved.。

VQC功能介绍(电力系统自动电压、无功控制系统)

系统采用PC工控机/工控工作站作为硬件平台，PC工控机/工控工作站具有全封闭正压结构、防震、防尘、防电磁干扰等特点。

硬件按功能采用模块化设计，配置合理，因而具有很高的可靠性。

系统采用windows操作系统，SQL Server2000数据库作为软件平台。

向用户提供最优的人机界面。

2．主要功能2.1基本控制功能a)本装置可控制1～3台有载调压变压器和3x 2组电容器。

b)控制方式可根据需要采用先进的十七区图控制策略或九区图控制策略，可单独控制变压器分接头或电容器，也可以进行综合优化控制。

c)可根据变电站高低压侧断路器状态和母联开关位置自动识别运行方式。

d)据据所需的无功补偿量，选择适当的电容器组进行投切，对不能参加投切或故障的电容器可以单独予以闭锁。

e)从检测到被控参数越限到发出控制命令有一定的延时，必须连续落在同一区域才执行相应得策略，延时时间可整定。

f)变压器调档或电容器投切两次动作之间有一定的时间间隔，间隔时间可整定。

2.2控制方式a 电压无功综合控制，根据主变母线电压负荷以及无功功率的大小综合控制。

以电压优先为原则，执行相应的控制策略。

(方法一)b电压自动调节，根据母线电压自动调节主变档位，使母线电压始终处于规定范围之内。

电压限值可灵活设定。

(方法二)c 无功自动补偿，根据无功功率的大小自动控制并联电容器组的投切，使整个电网的无功功率维持在期望的功率范围附近。

VQC技术说明

一、VQC 对电力系统的意义电压的稳定对于保证国民经济的生产，延长生产设备的使用寿命有着重要的意义，而减少无功在线路上的流动，降低网损经济供电又是每一供电部门的目标，因此变电站随着负荷的波动对其电压与无功调节需求往往很频繁，如果由人进行调节干预，则一方面增加值班员的负担，另一方面靠人去判断操作很难做到调节的合理性。

随着变电站的综合自动化能力的提高，系统的采样精度与信号响应速度均有很大的改善，各种方式接入的信号范围较以往系统有很大的扩展，因此在现有的当地监控系统中，用软件模块的控制来实现电压与无功的自动调节理论上所需的条件已具备。

二、运行环境及调节原理该VQC模块是运行在NSA3000后台监控系统中，使用NSA3000监控系统的实时数据作为动作判据，并可将发出的信号和改变的数据填写入实时的数据库中，可记录或做对于变电站来讲，为了使电压与无功达到所需的值，通常采用改变主变分接头档位和投切电容器组来改变系统的电压和无功。

分接头的变化不仅对电压有影响，而且对无功也有一定的影响，同样电容器组的投切对无功影响的同时也对电压起着一定的影响。

在很多地方供电系统中，不是考虑无功而是考虑功率因数作为调节依据。

实际上，可以根据当时的有功功率换算出无功的控制范围，在处理原理上本质是一样的，只不过无功的上下限范围是始终是动态变化的范围在实际应用中，主变分节头调节主要用于电压的调节，电容器的投切主要用于无功的调节同时也用于电压的调节。

下面让我们以一台变压器来分析一下各种情况下的电压与无功调节方式。

电压(U)取值于主变的变低侧母线线电压。

无功(Q)取值于主变的变高侧无功。

U分接头上调●调节前分接头下调Q图1 分接头调节对U及Q的影响趋势图2.1分节头调节原理(见图1)分接头上调后U将变大，Q将变大分接头下调后U将变小，Q将变小2.2电容器投切原理(见图2)投入电容器后Q将变小，U将变大退出电容器后Q将变大，U将变小2.3调节策略(见图3)每个指向正常区域的箭头代表一种调节方案U投入电容器●调节前退出电容器Q图 2电容器投切对U及Q的影响趋势图 3 运行控制区域图说明：ΔUu 分节头调节一档引起的电压最大变化量ΔUq 投切一组电容器引起的电压最大变化量ΔQu 分节头调节一档引起的无功最大变化量ΔQq 投切一组电容器引起的无功最大变化量VQC调节方式分以下几种：1．只调电压2．只调无功3．电压优先(当电压与无功不能同时满足要求时，优先保证电压正常)4．无功优先(当电压与无功不能同时满足要求时，优先保证无功正常)5．综合考虑(当电压与无功不能同时满足要求时，保持现状)对于只调电压和只调无功的系统，调节方式较为简单，这里不讨论，以下就第3第4第5调节方式具体讨论调节对策。

VQC功能介绍(电力系统自动电压、无功控制系统)

系统采用PC工控机/工控工作站作为硬件平台，PC工控机/工控工作站具有全封闭正压结构、防震、防尘、防电磁干扰等特点。

硬件按功能采用模块化设计，配置合理，因而具有很高的可靠性。

系统采用windows操作系统，SQL Server2000数据库作为软件平台。

向用户提供最优的人机界面。

2．主要功能2.1基本控制功能a)本装置可控制1～3台有载调压变压器和3x 2组电容器。

b)控制方式可根据需要采用先进的十七区图控制策略或九区图控制策略，可单独控制变压器分接头或电容器，也可以进行综合优化控制。

c)可根据变电站高低压侧断路器状态和母联开关位置自动识别运行方式。

d)据据所需的无功补偿量，选择适当的电容器组进行投切，对不能参加投切或故障的电容器可以单独予以闭锁。

e)从检测到被控参数越限到发出控制命令有一定的延时，必须连续落在同一区域才执行相应得策略，延时时间可整定。

f)变压器调档或电容器投切两次动作之间有一定的时间间隔，间隔时间可整定。

2.2控制方式a 电压无功综合控制，根据主变母线电压负荷以及无功功率的大小综合控制。

以电压优先为原则，执行相应的控制策略。

(方法一)b电压自动调节，根据母线电压自动调节主变档位，使母线电压始终处于规定范围之内。

电压限值可灵活设定。

(方法二)c 无功自动补偿，根据无功功率的大小自动控制并联电容器组的投切，使整个电网的无功功率维持在期望的功率范围附近。

VQC功能介绍(电力系统自动电压、无功控制系统)

VQC软件功效介绍1．概述Sesa电压无功分解控制体系实用于电力体系中35kv～220kv变电站主动化体系,可依据电网请求对有载调压变压器分接头及并联电容器组进行最优控制,从而进步电压及格率下降线损,使电网在知足供电质量的前提下最经济地运行.体系采取PC工控机/工控工作站作为硬件平台,PC工控机/工控工作站具有全关闭正压构造.防震.防尘.防电磁干扰等特色.硬件按功效采取模块化设计,设置装备摆设合理,因而具有很高的靠得住性.体系采取windows操纵体系,SQL Server2000数据库作为软件平台.向用户供给最优的人机界面.经由过程键盘和鼠标操纵,全中文显示,尺度windows界面,用户可以或许便利地进行操纵和参数整定,还可以经由过程液晶显示器及时显示变电站主接线图,便于用户控制变电站运行情形,及时发明问题并加以处理,确保体系正常运行.2．重要功效a)本装配可控制1～3台有载调压变压器和3x 2组电容器.b)控制方法可依据须要采取先辈的十七区图控制计谋或九区图控制计谋,可单独控制变压器分接头或电容器,也可以进行分解优化控制.c)可依据变电站高下压侧断路器状况和母联开关地位主动辨认运行方法.d)据据所需的无功抵偿量,选择恰当的电容器组进行投切,对不克不及介入投切或故障的电容器可以单独予以闭锁.e)从检测到被控参数越限到发出控制敕令有必定的延时,必须持续落在统一区域才履行响应得计谋,延不时光可整定.f)变压器调档或电容器投切两次动作之间有必定的时光距离,距离时光可整定.a 电压无功分解控制,依据主变母线电压负荷以及无功功率的大小分解控制.以电压优先为原则,履行响应的控制计谋.(办法一)b电压主动调节,依据母线电压主动调节主变档位,使母线电压始终处于划定规模之内.电压限值可灵巧设定.(办法二) c无功主动抵偿,依据无功功率的大小主动控制并联电容器组的投切,使全部电网的无功功率保持在期望的功率规模邻近.无功限值方法可可灵巧设定.(办法三)d 电压主动调节,无功准时抵偿,依据母线电压大小,主动调节主变档位.设准时限,准时投切并联电容器组.(办法四)e 无功准时抵偿,依据无功功率的大小,设准时限,主动控制并联电容器组的投切.(办法五)Vqc功效闭锁前提：(1)母线电压过压或低压时,闭锁相干变压器的控制指令,发报警旌旗灯号.电压恢复正常时主动延时解除闭锁和报警.(2)变压器高压侧过流时闭锁该变压器的调档敕令,发报警旌旗灯号.电流恢复正常时主动延时解除闭锁和报警.(3)主变10kv断路器分位.分接头闭锁前提：(1)分接头日动作次数越限.(2)分接头动作距离延时未到.(3)分接头拒动.电容器组闭锁前提：(1)电容器组总开关分位.(2)电容器组日动作次数越限.(3)电容器动作距离延时未到.Vqc功效运行时,闭锁分接头的遥调功效和电容器组的遥控功效.2.4 显示.统计功效(1)主接线图显示,包含变压器各侧开关状况,母线电压,变压器档位,变压器电流.有功.无功.功率因数等.(2)整定参数显示.包含无功定值.电压定值.控制订值.时光定值等.(3)动作信息显示.包含动作时光.动作区域.动尴尬刁难象.动作内容,汗青动作信息.闭锁信息.拒动信息.(4)统计次数显示.包含当日以及总的动作次数统计.(5)九区图,十七区图与整定值显示.3.1 设置装备摆设文件解释VqcFlag,设定为1启用vqc功效,0不启用.TconstNum,设定主变的数量.NSFlag,9区17区控制方法.可设定9或17 .信息量设置装备摆设主如果完成Vqc控制功效所需的信息量表,重要包含主变目的侧3相相电压以及相角,一般是低压侧.主变目的侧无功功率大小,留意单位是Mvar.一般也是低压侧.别的还包含主变高压侧电流以及其他相干的量!须要留意的是假如是3台主变,2号主变须要分离设置装备摆设II1和II2段母线的相电压及相角.假如没有分段,II2段母线的相电压及相角配直和一段雷同.此时的无功功率是两段母线无功功率和.设置装备摆设实例如下图所示：电压无功设定对于17区图须要设定8个量,对于九区图电压须要设定高低限和帮助高低限,无功功率只需设定高低限.分接头与电容器参数设定主如果日动作最大次数设定,达到动作次数,将会闭锁分接头或者电容器!动作距离时光(m):本次动作与下次动作间的延时.重要起到呵护装备的功效.动作反校时光(s):动作后的反校时光,一般为30s,超出此时光没有收到准确的动作信息,则剖断分接头或者电容器拒动,并闭锁分接头或者电容器！3．闭锁功效设定闭锁功效分位遥测与遥信两类闭锁,遥测闭锁主如果电压与电流闭锁,如图设定响应的越限制值.遥测越限闭锁为主动恢复！假如有闭锁信息,响应的标记将变红,点击闭锁信息将会显示具体的闭锁内容.主变闭锁如图所示,拒动闭锁须要人工复归！。

VQC功能介绍(电力系统自动电压、无功控制系统)之欧阳数创编

VQC软件功能介绍2．概述Sesa电压无功综合控制系统适用于电力系统中35kv～220kv 变电站自动化系统，可根据电网要求对有载调压变压器分接头及并联电容器组进行最优控制，从而提高电压合格率降低线损，使电网在满足供电质量的条件下最经济地运行。

系统采用PC工控机/工控工作站作为硬件平台，PC工控机/工控工作站具有全封闭正压结构、防震、防尘、防电磁干扰等特点。

硬件按功能采用模块化设计，配置合理，因而具有很高的可靠性。

系统采用windows操作系统，SQL Server2000数据库作为软件平台。

向用户提供最优的人机界面。

3．主要功能2.1基本控制功能a)本装置可控制1～3台有载调压变压器和3x 2组电容器。

b)控制方式可根据需要采用先进的十七区图控制策略或九区图控制策略，可单独控制变压器分接头或电容器，也可以进行综合优化控制。

c)可根据变电站高低压侧断路器状态和母联开关位置自动识别运行方式。

d)据据所需的无功补偿量，选择适当的电容器组进行投切，对不能参加投切或故障的电容器可以单独予以闭锁。

e)从检测到被控参数越限到发出控制命令有一定的延时，必须连续落在同一区域才执行相应得策略，延时时间可整定。

f)变压器调档或电容器投切两次动作之间有一定的时间间隔，间隔时间可整定。

2.2控制方式a 电压无功综合控制，根据主变母线电压负荷以及无功功率的大小综合控制。

以电压优先为原则，执行相应的控制策略。

(方法一)b电压自动调节，根据母线电压自动调节主变档位，使母线电压始终处于规定范围之内。

电压限值可灵活设定。

(方法二)c无功自动补偿，根据无功功率的大小自动控制并联电容器组的投切，使整个电网的无功功率维持在期望的功率范围附近。

6-VQC使用说明书

CBZ-8000 变电站自动化系统——VQC 系统使用说明书CBZ-8000 变电站自动化系统电压质量控制系（VQC）使用说明书6－1CBZ-8000 变电站自动化系统——VQC 系统使用说明书1.概述 ............................................... 31.1 用途...................................................................................................................................3 1.2 主要特点...........................................................................................................................32.系统结构 ........................................... 42.1、与综自站其他模块的关系.............................................................................................4 2.2、本系统软件结构.............................................................................................................53.系统原理 ........................................... 63.1、越限产生的原因及调节手段分析： .............................................................................6 3.2、变压器控制方案：.........................................................................................................7 3.3、接线方式的自适应：.....................................................................................................94. 5.控制策略 ........................................... 9 界面操作 .......................................... 135.1 主界面介绍.....................................................................................................................13 5.2 操作命令.........................................................................................................................156. 7. 8. 9.数据输入 .......................................... 18 通讯 .............................................. 24 闭锁 .............................................. 24 定值 .............................................. 269.1、定值说明：...................................................................................................................26 9.2、定值清单.......................................................................................................................27 9.3、特殊定值的获得方法：...............................................................................................296－2CBZ-8000 变电站自动化系统——VQC 系统使用说明书1. 概述1.1 用途电力系统的优质运行要保证两个目标：保证供电质量和降低系统损耗。

VQC功能介绍(电力系统自动电压、无功控制系统)之欧阳化创编

系统采用PC工控机/工控工作站作为硬件平台，PC工控机/工控工作站具有全封闭正压结构、防震、防尘、防电磁干扰等特点。

硬件按功能采用模块化设计，配置合理，因而具有很高的可靠性。

系统采用windows操作系统，SQL Server2000数据库作为软件平台。

向用户提供最优的人机界面。

3．主要功能2.1基本控制功能a)本装置可控制1～3台有载调压变压器和3x 2组电容器。

b)控制方式可根据需要采用先进的十七区图控制策略或九区图控制策略，可单独控制变压器分接头或电容器，也可以进行综合优化控制。

c)可根据变电站高低压侧断路器状态和母联开关位置自动识别运行方式。

d)据据所需的无功补偿量，选择适当的电容器组进行投切，对不能参加投切或故障的电容器可以单独予以闭锁。

e)从检测到被控参数越限到发出控制命令有一定的延时，必须连续落在同一区域才执行相应得策略，延时时间可整定。

f)变压器调档或电容器投切两次动作之间有一定的时间间隔，间隔时间可整定。

2.2控制方式a 电压无功综合控制，根据主变母线电压负荷以及无功功率的大小综合控制。

以电压优先为原则，执行相应的控制策略。

(方法一)b电压自动调节，根据母线电压自动调节主变档位，使母线电压始终处于规定范围之内。

电压限值可灵活设定。

(方法二)c无功自动补偿，根据无功功率的大小自动控制并联电容器组的投切，使整个电网的无功功率维持在期望的功率范围附近。

VQC4000-TFP53 阀门操纵控制阀门手册说明书

Solenoid valve for actuator control: VQC4101R-5-X17 / VQC4301R-5-X17 VQC4401R-5-X17 / VQC4501R-5-X17(Basic and well-tried safety principles in accordance to ISO 13849)The intended use of the valve is to control the movement of an actuator.This product is validated according to ISO 13849 basic and well-tried safety principles. Refer to Doc. Nr. VQC4000-SMP0001.This manual contains essential information for the protection of users and others from possible injury and/or equipment damage.∙ Read this manual before using the product, to ensure correct handling, and read the manuals of related apparatus before use. ∙ Keep this manual in a safe place for future reference.∙ These instructions indicate the level of potential hazard by label of “DANGER”, “WARNING” or “CAUTION”, followed by important safety information which must be carefully followed.∙ To ensure safety of personnel and equipment the instructions in this manual and the product catalogue must be observed, along with other relevant safety practices.Take care about the compliance with the relevant safety laws and standards.Warning∙∙The compatibility of pneumatic equipment is the responsibility of the person who designs the pneumatic system or decides its specifications. Since the products specified here can be used in various operating conditions, their compatibility with the specific pneumatic system must be based on specifications or after analysis and/or tests to meet specific requirements.∙Only trained personnel should operate pneumatically operated machinery and equipment.Compressed air can be dangerous if an operator is unfamiliar with it. Assembly, handling or repair of pneumatic systems should be performed by trained and experienced personnel.∙Do not service machinery/equipment or attempt to remove components until safety is confirmed.1) Inspection and maintenance of machinery/equipment should only be performed after confirmation of safe locked-out control positions.2) When equipment is to be removed, confirm the safety process as mentioned above. Switch off air and electrical supplies and exhaust all residual compressed air in the system.3) Before machinery/equipment is re-started, ensure all safety measures to preventsudden movement of cylinders etc. (Supply air into the system gradually to create back pressure, i.e. incorporate a soft-start valve).∙Do not use this product outside of the specifications. Contact SMC if it is to be used in any of the following conditions:1) Conditions and environments beyond the given specifications, or if the product is to be used outdoors.2) Installations in conjunction with atomic energy, railway, air navigation, vehicles, medical equipment, food and beverage, recreation equipment, emergency stop circuits, press applications, or safety equipment.3) An application which has the possibility of having negative effects on people, property, or animals, requiring special safety analysis. ∙Effect of back pressure when using a manifoldThis valve is designed to be used on a manifold. This valve may experience back pressure due to pressure in the manifold exhaust ports. Back pressure check valves can be used to prevent back pressure affecting the outlet ports of this valve. ∙VentilationProvide ventilation when using a valve in a confined area, such as in a closed control panel. For example, install a ventilation opening, etc. in order to prevent pressure from increasing inside of the confined area and to release the heat generated by the valve. ∙Operation in a low temperature conditionIt is possible to operate a valve in extreme temperature, as low as –moisture etc. in low temperature.∙Do not disassemble the product or make any modificationsCaution∙ Ensure that the air supply system is filtered to 5 μm.2 SpecificationsNote 1)When the external pilot pressure is removed the main valve returns to the original position. The valves are to be used with a suitable manifold with external pilot supply or VQC4101-5-X10.Note 2)Values represented in this column are based on JIS 8375-1981 (operating with clean air and a supply pressure of 0,5 MPa equipped with light/surge voltage suppressor. Values vary depending on the pressure as well as the air quality.) Tested with ports size C8 and without back pressure check valves Note 3)Impact resistance: No malfunction occurred when it was tested with a drop tester in the axial direction and at right angles to the main valve & armature; in both energized & de-energised states and for every time in each condition (Values at the initial period.)Vibration resistance: No malfunction occurred in a one-sweep test between 45 and 2000 Hz. Tests are performed at both energized and de-energized states in the axial direction and at right angles to the main valve & armature. Note 4) If power supply is under -10% of standard power supply 24 V DC the valve may switch to the OFF position. The valve may switch to the de-energized state. 2.3 Symbol 2 position single3 position closed center3 position exhaust center3 position pressure centerFigure 32.4 Light/Surge Voltage SuppressorFigure 43 InstallationWarning3.1 Environment1. Do not use in an environment where the product is directly exposed to corrosive gases, chemicals, salt water, water or steam.2. Products with IP67 enclosures (based on IEC60529) are protected against dust and water, however, these products cannot be used in water.3. Incorrect mounting of the product violates the IP67 rating. Be sure to read the precautions of mounting for each product.4. Do not use in an explosive atmosphere.5.The product should not be exposed to prolonged sunlight. Use a protective cover.6. Do not mount the product in a location where it is subject to strong vibrations and/or shock. Check the product specifications.7. Do not mount the product in a location exposed to radiant heat.3.2 Piping1. Preparation before pipingBefore piping is connected, it should be thoroughly blown out with air (flushing) or washed to remove chips, cutting oil and other debris from inside the pipe.Install piping so that it does not apply pulling, pressing, bending or other forces the valve body. 2. Holding of pressureRubber sealed spool valves may have a slight leakage. This has to be taken into account for applications, in which the loss of pressure leads to a hazardous movement. 3. Maintenance space.The installation should have sufficient space for maintenance activities (removal of valve, etc.).4. Release of residual pressure.Provide a residual pressure release function for maintenance activities (removal of valve, etc.)Caution3.3 Lubrication∙ SMC products have been lubricated for life at manufacture, and do notrequire lubrication in service.∙ If a lubricant is used in the system, use turbine oil Class 1 (no additive),ISO VG32. Once lubricant is used in the system, lubrication must be continued because the original lubricant applied during manufacturing will be washed away.Warning3.4 Mounting1. Stop operation if air leakage increases and the equipment do not operate properly .Check mounting conditions after air and power supplies are connected. Initial function and leakage tests should be performed after installation.2. Instruction manual (this document)Install only after reading and understanding the safety instructions. Keep on file so that it can be referred to when necessary.3. CoatingWarnings or specifications indicated on the product should not be erased, removed, or covered up.Caution3.5 Wiring1. Applied voltage.When electric power is connected to the solenoid valve, be careful to apply the proper voltage. Improper voltage may cause malfunction or coil damage.2. Confirm the connections.After completing the wiring, confirm that the connections are made correctly.4 Settings4.1 Manual overrideWarningSince connected equipment will operate when the manual override isactivated, confirm that conditions are safe prior to activation. The non-locking push type (tool required) is fitted.Figure 5The manual override will pressurize the pilot actuator and cause the main valve to change state.ORIGINAL INSTRUCTIONSVQC 4101VQC 4301,4401,45014.2 Solenoid Valve Removal and Mounting (VQC4000)Figure 64.2.1 Removal steps1. Loosen the screws until they turn freely.2. Remove the solenoid valve by lifting the coil side of the valve. If pushing down on the screw is difficult, you can alternately press down on the valve gently in the area near the manual override.4.2.2 Mounting steps1. Push the valve down into place.2. Tighten the clamp screws with a tightening torque of 0.8 to 1.2 N ･mCautionDust on the sealing surface of the gasket or solenoid valve can cause air leakage.Take care that the pilot pressure is able to exhaust. Do not block the Exhaust Ports.Order Number VQC4101R-5-X17 2-position singleVQC4301R-5-X17 3-position closed center VQC4401R-5-X17 3-position exhaust center VQC4501R-5-X173-position pressure centerSpecial pilot valve cover (Color: Red)( Dimensions are in Millimeter )Special pilot valve cover (Color: Red)( Dimensions are in Millimeter )Figure 77 MaintenanceWarning1. Perform maintenance procedures shown in this instruction manual. If handled improperly malfunction or damage of machinery/equipment may occur.2. Removing the productTo avoid the risk of being burned, ensure that the valve has had sufficient time to cool before performing work.1. Shut off the fluid supply and release the fluid pressure in the system.2. In the case of air pilot or air-operated type, shut off the supply air source and discharge the compressed air inside the pilot piping.3. Shut off the power supply.4. Remove the product.3. Low frequency operation.Valves should be operated at least once every 30 days to prevent malfunction. (Use caution regarding the air supply).4. Manual overrideWhen the manual override is operated, connected equipment will be actuated.5. Do not disassemble the product.5.1 Replacing One-touch fittingsCautionCylinder port fittings are available with cassette type manifolds and are easily replaced. Fittings are secured with a retaining clip that is inserted vertically from either the top or bottom of the manifold. After removing the valve, remove the clip with a flat head screwdriver to replace the fittings. To mount a fitting, insert the fitting assembly until it spots and reinsert the retaining clip to its designated position.Figure 88 Limitations of UseAny use in an EN ISO 13849 system must be within the specified limits and application condition. The user is responsible for the specification, design, implementation, validation and maintenance of the safety system (SRP/CS).WarningIf a safe output from a safety relay or PLC is used to operate this valve, ensure that any output test pulse duration is shorter than 1 ms to avoid the valve solenoid responding.Figure 96 ContactsAUSTRIA (43) 2262 62280-0 LATVIA(371) 781 77 00 BELGIUM (32) 3 355 1464 LITHUANIA(370) 5 264 8126 BULGARIA (359) 2 974 4492 NETHERLANDS (31) 20 531 8888 CZECH REP . (420) 541 424 611 NORWAY (47) 67 12 90 20 DENMARK (45) 7025 2900 POLAND (48) 22 211 9600 ESTONIA (372) 651 0370 PORTUGAL (351) 21 471 1880 FINLAND (358) 207 513513 ROMANIA (40) 21 320 5111 FRANCE (33) 1 6476 1000 SLOVAKIA (421) 2 444 56725 GERMANY (49) 6103 4020 SLOVENIA (386) 73 885 412 GREECE (30) 210 271 7265 SPAIN (34) 945 184 100 HUNGARY (36) 23 511 390 SWEDEN(46) 8 603 1200 IRELAND (353) 1 403 9000 SWITZERLAND (41) 52 396 3131 ITALY (39) 02 92711 UNITED KINGDOM (44) 1908 563888SMC Corporation www.smcworld,com (Global) (Europe) SMC Corporation, Akihabara UDX15F, 4-14-1, Sotokanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0021 JAPANSpecifications are subject to change without prior notice from the manufacturer. The descriptions of products in this document may be used by other companies. © 2012 SMC Corporation All Rights Reserved.。