淮安市高二期中模拟试卷
2024届江苏省淮安市吴承恩中学物理高二第一学期期中考试模拟试题含解析
2024届江苏省淮安市吴承恩中学物理高二第一学期期中考试模拟试题注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。
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一、单项选择题:本题共6小题,每小题4分,共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、在如图所示的电路中,定值电阻的阻值为5Ω,电动机M的线圈电阻值为2Ω。
a、b两端加有44V的恒定电压,理想电压表的示数为24V,由此可知()A.通过电动机的电流为12AB.电动机的总功率为96WC.电动机线圈在1分钟内产生的热量为32JD.电动机输出的功率为32W2、如图所示,电源内阻较大,当开关闭合、滑动变阻器滑片位于某位置时,水平放置的平行板电容器间一带电液滴恰好处于静止状态,灯泡L也能正常发光,现将滑动变阻器滑片由该位置向a端滑动,则()A.灯泡将变暗,电源效率将减小B.液滴带正电,将向下做加速运动C.电源的路端电压增大,输出功率也增大D.滑片滑动瞬间,带电液滴电势能将减小3、如图所示,竖直长导线通以恒定电流I,一闭合线圈MNPQ与导线在同一平面内,当线圈从图示位置向下运动时,穿过线圈的磁通量将()A.变小B.变大C.不变D.先变大,后变小4、在国际单位制中,电荷量的单位是A.安培B.库仑C.瓦特D.焦耳5、如图所示,电场中a、b、c三点,ab=bc,则把点电荷+q从a点经b移到c的过程中,电场力做功的大小关系有()A.W ab>W bc B.W ab=W bc C.W ab<W bc D.无法比较6、如图所示,实线是电场线,一带电粒子只在电场力的作用下沿虚线由A运动到B的过程中,其速度-时间图象是选项中的()A.B. C.D.二、多项选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分。
江苏省淮安市淮安区2022-2023学年高二下学期期中调研测试英语试卷(含答案,无听力音频有听力原文
江苏省淮安市淮安区2022-2023学年高二下学期期中调研测试英语试卷(含答案,无听力音频有听力原文)2022-2023 学年度第二学期期中调研测试高二英语参考答案第一部分:听力1-5 BAABC 6.-10 BCACA 11-15. CACCB 16-20. BAABC第二部分:阅读21-23:DCB 24-27 CBAC 28-31 CACB 32-35 BCDA 36-40 EFGCD第三部分:语言应用41-45 CCDCD 46-50 ABCBD 51-55 CBCBD56. an 57. objective 58. critical 59. further 60. to61. increasingly 62. where 63. be applied 64. after prehension第四部分:写作应用文写作Dear Bob,I’m sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.I have justfound that I have to attend an important class meeting that afternoon.I hope the change will notcause you too much trouble.Shall we go on Saturday morning?We can set out early so that we’ll have more time to readand select books.If it’s convenient for you,let’s meet at 8.30am outside the school gate.If not,let me know what time suits you best.I should be available any time after school next week.Yours,Li Hua读后续写【Version 1】The elevator came to a stop between floors. My nervousness turned into fear at once. But Iimmediately realized that it was better to act than to just stand. First, I pressed the emergencybutton. Then I asked people to lean their backs against the wall of the elevator and adjust theirbreathing. But suddenly, a man jumped up and down irritably. “What a terrible elevator!” he saidangrily. I rushed to stop him. “Please stop! It could be very dangerous. We should calm down andwait for help!” Fortunately, everyone calmed down then. We just waitedand waited. I felt anxiousand checked my watch.I thought that this must be the worst interview ever. Obviously, I would be late, and I thoughtthat the interviewers couldn’t be in a good mood. Finally, the rescuers arrived, and as soon as thedoor opened, I prepared to run to the office. But all of a sudden, a hand rested on my shoulder. Iturned around and saw the man smiling at me. “Don’t worry, young man. You’ve done a good job.Congratulations on passing the interview.” I chuckled in surprise.【Version 2】The elevator came to a stop between floors. Not knowing what was wrong, everyone in it gotnervous quickly. Someone pressed the emergency button, and we were told that it would take therescue team at least an hour to complete the repair work, which meant we had to be trapped in thisnarrow and hot space, waiting. Hearing this, people were anxious, and I couldn’t help worryingabout the interview. With the clock ticking, I fell into desperation.I thought that this must be the worst interview ever. I was so frustratedthat my well-preparedresume wouldn’t work. Just when I gave up hope, the beautiful “ding” sound set me free fromthose messy thoughts. A receptionist in a suit stopped me after I had stepped out of the elevatorand informed me of another interview opportunity because of the incident. At that moment, Icould hardly describe my excitement. Life is just like a box of chocolates, and we never knowwhat we will get. So don’t quit hoping even in the face of difficulty.{#{ABAQCEggCgAAJAARhCVgCEKQkACCCCgGBAAIMAAASQFABAA=}#}听力原文1.B【原文】M: Cindy’s father has a farm. Cindy spent the whole summer vacation there.W: Oh, no wonder she knows so much about animals though she isn’t interested in them.2.A【原文】W: I don’t really like the painting. It’s not my cup of tea. Too modern and unusual.M: But look at the colors and forms. It’s very imaginative.W: Maybe. I prefer a paining showing a view of the countryside.3.A【原文】M: Hey, Mary. Have you heard about the forest fire in Australia A large number ofanimals were killed.W: Yes. It’s so terrible. I’m writing a report on it.M: Really I’ll read it as soon as it comes out.4.B【原文】M: Are these your children in this photoW: Yes. The oldest one is Tom. He is beside my father. This is Lily, the second oldest. This isMike, the youngest. My husband Rick is behind him.5.C【原文】W: How long will it take you to fix my laptop I need to use it in my speech class nextweek.M: I’m not quite sure. But it shouldn’t take more than three days. By the way, would you mindpaying in advance6.B 7.C【原文】M: Good morning. May I help youW: Yes. I’m looking for a yellow sofa which my friend showed to me. I want to buy one for mysister. But it seems not to be here.M: I think you are in the wrong place. There are no sofas in my shop. You can buy some bednecessaries here.W: Oh, I’m so sorry.M: Never mind. Go down this street and turn left when you see a supermarket. Then you will find{#{ABAQCEggCgAAJAARhCVgCEKQkACCCCgGBAAIMAAASQFABAA=}#}a furniture store. You can find sofas there.W: Thank you.8.A 9.C 10.A【原文】W: I can’t take it!M: What’s wrongW: I have been taking two English classes in order to graduate early. But now, I have two essaysto turn in on the same day.M: Have you started writing either oneW: No. I haven’t even finished the books! One is The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck. It’svery sad.M: I’ve never read it, but I’ve seen it in the library. It’s long!W: I know. Luckily, the other book I have to read is much shorter. It’s TheSun Also Rises byErnest Hemingway.M: I love that book! Helpfully, you enjoy reading it... Well, I should let you get back to yourhomework.W: OK. I hope I can finish.M: Don’t worry. At least you don’t have to write a research paper like I do!11.C 12.A 13.C【原文】M: Miss Green, do you think, within a few years, many people could work at homeinstead of working outsideW: It’s happening now. The communication industry has made much progress in recent years, likethe development of 5G smartphones, and AI technology also helps.M: And how do these people manage to workW: Well, they have a television set, a computer, a printer and a telephone to connect with othercomputers.M: Oh, I see. But surely there’re some advantages in working at home. W: Yes. People don’t have to spend a lot of time getting to and from their workplaces. The rushhours are the worst time of day. They may make more money if they apply for more different jobs.{#{ABAQCEggCgAAJAARhCVgCEKQkACCCCgGBAAIMAAASQFABAA=}#} M: Ah, yes, I see. What do you think about the conditions of homeworkersW: Let me tell you what might happen. A British company, for example, in London, might employclerks in Belfast, or a Paris company could have their managers in Spain. They just use atelephone to call around for the employee.14.C 15.B 16.B 17.A【原文】M: Good afternoon. Penny. What’s the problemW: Well, I don’t feel very well, doctor. After three days of the toothache and sore throat, I’mtroubled by a terrible earache now.M: I can give you a new medicine called Nopain, which is very useful. You can get it at anymedicine shops.W: NopainM: Yes. N-O-P-A-I-N. And you have to take the medicine after breakfast and supper. You don’tneed to take it after lunch. And remember to take it always after meals.That’s very important.W: And how long do I have to take itM: You have to finish this bottle, so that’s five e back and see me then. W: Next Monday The first of SeptemberM: No, not Monday, Tuesday. That’s the second of September.W: What time can I see you, doctorM: You have to make an appointment with the nurse at the reception outside.W: Thank you very much.18.A 19.B 20.C【原文】W:As the car industry develops, traffic accidents have become as familiar as the commoncold. Yet their causes and control remain a serious problem that is difficult to solve. Experts havelong recognized that this discouraging problem has many causes. At the very least, it is a problemthat involves three factors; the driver, the vehicle and the roadway. If all the drivers exercised goodjudgment at all times, there would be few accidents. Improved design has helped to makehighways much safer. But the number of accidents continues to risebecause of human failure and{#{ABAQCEggCgAAJAARhCVgCEKQkACCCCgGBAAIMAAASQFABAA=}#}an enormous increase in the number of automobiles on the road. Attention is now turningincreasingly to the third cause of the accidents: the car itself. People want to know how cars canbe built better to protect the drivers. So there are also some new driverless cars on the road. Arethey really safe应用文写作一、评分原则总分15分,按照五个档次给分。
2024届江苏省启东中学、前黄中学、淮阴中学等七校高二物理第一学期期中质量检测模拟试题含解析
2024届江苏省启东中学、前黄中学、淮阴中学等七校高二物理第一学期期中质量检测模拟试题请考生注意:1.请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上,请用0.5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。
2.答题前,认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》,按规定答题。
一、单项选择题:本题共6小题,每小题4分,共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、一个闭合线圈放在变化的磁场中,线圈产生的感应电动势为E.若仅将线匝数增加为原来的2倍,则线圈产生的感应电动势变为A.E B.2E C.E/2 D.E/42、如图所示,A、B、C、D是真空中一正四面体的四个顶点。
现在在A、B两点分别固定电量为+q、-q的两个点电荷,则关于C、D两点的场强和电势,下列说法正确的是()A.C、D两点的场强、电势均相同B.C、D两点的场强、电势均不同C.C、D两点的场强相同,电势不同D.C、D两点的场强不同,电势相同3、处于静电平衡的导体,其内部场强处处为零的原因是()A.外电场和所有感应电荷的电场在导体内部叠加的结果为零B.外电场不能进入导体内部C.所有感应电荷在导体内部产生的合场强为零D.以上解释都不正确4、图是某小物体上升过程中其速度随时间变化的图象,则()A.0~t2时间内小物体匀加速上升B.t2时刻小物体改变运动方向C.t2~t3时间内,小物体匀减速上升D.t2时刻小物体上升到最高点5、一段通电直导线,长度为l,电流为I,放在同一个匀强磁场中,导线和磁场的相对位置有如图所示的四种情况,通电导线所受到的安培力的大小情况将是( )A.丙和丁的情况下,导线所受到的安培力都大于甲的情况B.乙的情况下,导线不受力C.乙、丙的情况下,导线都不受力D.甲、乙、丁的情况下,导线所受安培力大小都相等6、如图所示,水平地面上的物体,质量为m,在斜向上的拉力F的作用下匀速运动.物体与水平地面间的动摩擦因数为μ,重力加速度为g,则下列说法中正确的是A.物体可能只受到三个力的作用B.物体受到的摩擦力大小为μmgC.物体受到的摩擦力大小为Fcos θD.物体对水平地面的压力大于mg二、多项选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分。
2023-2024学年江苏省淮安市高中高二下学期期中数学质量检测模拟试题(含解析)
2023-2024学年江苏省淮安市高中高二下册期中数学模拟试题一、单选题1.已知,,A B C 三点不共线,O 是平面ABC 外任意一点,若由1153OP OA OB OC λ=++确定的一点P与,,A B C 三点共面,则λ等于()A .23-B .23C .715D .715-【正确答案】C【分析】根据四点共面的充要条件及其推论,即可得出答案.【详解】由P 与,,A B C 三点共面以及1153OP OA OB OC λ=++,可得,11153λ++=,所以715λ=.故选:C.2.若332A 10A n n =,则n =()A .1B .6C .7D .8【正确答案】D【分析】根据排列数公式,将已知条件展开,即可得出答案.【详解】由已知,3n ≥.因为()()()()32A 221224211n n n n n n n =--=--,()()3A 12n n n n =--.则由332A 10A n n =可得,()()()()42111012n n n n n n --=--,整理可得42510n n -=-,解得8n =.故选:D.3.已知21,e e 是夹角为60︒的两个单位向量,设向量122a e e =+,1232b e e =-+ ,则a 与b 的夹角为()A .1π3B .1π6C .2π3D .5π6【正确答案】C【分析】由已知求出1212e e ⋅= ,根据数量积的运算求出22,,a b a b ⋅的值,进而根据数量积的定义,即【详解】由已知可得,12121cos602e e e e ⋅=⋅︒= ,所以()22121222214127244a e e e e e e =+=++=++=⋅ ,()22121212221294673294b e e e e e e =-+=+⋅-=+-= ,()()121211222217262222326a b e e e e e e e e ++=-+⋅+=⋅=+-+=--⋅,所以=ab = 所以,712cos ,2a b a b a b-⋅==- ,所以,2π,3a b = .故选:C.4.如图所示,将一个四棱锥的每一个顶点染上一种颜色,并使同一条棱上的两个端点异色,如果只有4种颜色可供使用,则不同染色方法的种数为()A .192B .420C .210D .72【正确答案】D【分析】分为,B D 同色,且,A C 同色;,B D 同色,而,A C 不同色;,A C 同色,而,B D 不同色三种情况,分别计算,根据分类加法计数原理,求和即可得出答案.【详解】由题意知,S 与,,,A B C D 任意一点均不同色.只用3种颜色,即,B D 同色,且,A C 同色,此时不同染色方法的种数为34A 24=;用4种颜色,此时可能,B D 同色,而,A C 不同色或,A C 同色,而,B D 不同色.若,B D 同色,而,A C 不同色,此时不同染色方法的种数为44A 24=;若,A C 同色,而,B D 不同色,此时不同染色方法的种数为44A 24=.根据分类加法计数原理原理可得,不同染色方法的种数为24242472++=.5.设,x y 是实数,已知三点()1,5,2A -,()2,4,1B ,(),3,2C x y +在同一条直线上,那么x y +=()A .2B .3C .4D .5【正确答案】D【分析】求出()1,1,3AB =- ,()1,2,4AC x y =--+ .进而根据三点共线得出AC AB λ=,即可列出方程组,求解即可得出答案.【详解】由已知可得()1,1,3AB =- ,()1,2,4AC x y =--+ .因为,,A B C 三点共线,所以存在唯一实数λ,使得AC AB λ=,所以1243x y λλλ-=⎧⎪-=-⎨⎪+=⎩,解得232x y λ=⎧⎪=⎨⎪=⎩,所以5x y +=.故选:D.6.已知在n的展开式中,第5项的系数与第3项的系数之比是56:3,则展开式中系数的绝对值最大的是第()项A .6B .8C .9D .11【正确答案】B【分析】写出n展开式的通项公式,由已知可得出4216C 564C 3nn=,解得10n =.进而写出展开式中系数的绝对值的表达式,列出不等式组,求解即可得出答案.【详解】由已知可得,n展开式的通项公式为()5261C 2C rn rn rr r r r n n T x --+⎛=⋅=-⋅⋅ ⎝,0,1,2,,r n = .所以,第5项的系数为()4442C 16C n n -⋅=,第3项的系数为()2222C 4C n n -⋅=,由题意知,4216C 564C 3nn =,整理可得,25500n n --=,解得10n =或5n =-(舍去),所以10n =,()5561102C r rrr T x-+=-⋅⋅.设第1s +项,系数的绝对值最大,该项系数的绝对值为()10102C 2C ss s s-⋅=⋅,则有1110101110102C 2C 2C 2C s s s s s s s s ++--⎧⋅≥⋅⎨⋅≥⋅⎩,即()()()()()()1110!10!22!10!1!9!10!10!22!10!1!11!s s s s s s s s s s s s +-⎧⋅≥⋅⎪-+-⎪⎨⎪⋅≥⋅⎪---⎩,整理可得319322s s ≥⎧⎨≤⎩,所以192233s ≤≤.又*s ∈N ,所以7s =,所以展开式中系数的绝对值最大的是第8项.故选:B.7.已知21,e e 是夹角为60︒的两个单位向量,则向量12e e +在向量1e 上的投影向量的模为()A .32B .2C .23D .4【正确答案】A【分析】根据数量积的定义求得1212e e ⋅= ,进而得出()121e e e +⋅ 的值,然后根据投影向量即可得出答案.【详解】由已知可得,12121cos602e e e e ⋅=⋅︒= ,所以,()212111213122e e e e e e +⋅=+⋅=+= ,所以,向量12e e + 在向量1e 上的投影向量的模为()12111132e e e e e e +⋅⋅= .故选:A.8.若2023220230122023(32)x a a x a x a x +=++++ ,则1352023a a a a ++++ 被12整除的余数为()A .0B .3C .5D .8【正确答案】B【分析】分别赋值1x =以及=1x -,可推得20231352023512a a a a +++++= .然后将()1011202355241=⨯+展开,即可得出1352023a a a a ++++ ()0101111010101011011101110115C 24C 24C 2432⨯⋅+⋅++⋅=+,观察即可得出答案.【详解】令1x =,由已知可得,202301220235a a a a =++++ .令=1x -,由已知可得,()2023012202220231a a a a a -=-+++- .两式作差可得,()02135202323251a a a a ++=+++ ,所以,20231352023512a a a a +++++= .因为()()10111011202325555241=⨯=⨯+()01011011010110101101010110101110111011101110115C 241C 241C 241C 241=⨯⋅⋅+⋅⋅++⋅⋅+⋅⋅ ()010111101010101101110111011101110115C 24C 24C 24C =⨯⋅+⋅++⋅+ ()0101111010101011011101110115C 24C 24C 245=⨯⋅+⋅++⋅+ ,所以,20231352023512a a a a +++++= ()0101111010101011011101110115C 24C 24C 2462⨯⋅+⋅++⋅+=()0101111010101011011101110115C 24C 24C 2432⨯⋅+⋅++⋅=+,显然()0101111010101011011101110115C 24C 24C 242⨯⋅+⋅++⋅ 可以被12整除,所以,余数为3.故选:B.二、多选题9.下列命题中是真命题的为()A .若p 与,a b 共面,则存在实数,x y ,使p xa yb =+B .若存在实数,x y ,使向量p xa yb =+ ,则p 与,a b共面C .若点,,,P M A B 四点共面,则存在实数,x y ,使MP xMA yMB =+D .若存在实数,x y ,使MP xMA yMB =+,则点,,,P M A B 四点共面【正确答案】BD【分析】根据平面向量基本定理以及空间向量基本定理,可知B 、D 项正确;若,a b共线,则A 结论不恒成立;若,,M A B 三点共线,则C 项结论不恒成立.【详解】对于A 项,如果,a b 共线,则xa yb + 只能表示与a共线的向量.若p 与,a b不共线,则不能表示,故A 项错误;对于B 项,根据平面向量基本定理知,若存在实数,x y ,使向量p xa yb =+ ,则p 与,a b共面,故B项正确;对于C 项,如果,,M A B 三点共线,则不论,x y 取何值,xMA yMB + 只能表示与MA共线的向量.若点P 不在,,M A B 所在的直线上,则无法表示,故C 项错误;对于D 项,根据空间向量基本定理,可知若存在实数,x y ,使MP xMA yMB =+ ,则,,MP MA MB uuu r uuu r uuu r共面,所以点,,,P M A B 四点共面,故D 项正确.故选:BD.10.我国古代著名的数学著作中,《周髀算经》、《九章算术》、《孙子算经》、《五曹算经》、《夏侯阳算经》、《张丘建算经》、《海岛算经》、《五经算术》、《缀术》和《缉古算经》,称为“算经十书”,某老师将其中的《周髀算经》、《九章算术》、《孙子算经)、《五经算术》、《缀术》和《缉古算经》6本书分给5名数学爱好者,其中每人至少一本,则不同的分配方法的种数为()A .124564C C A B .5651A C C .124564C A AD .2565C A 【正确答案】AD先选出一个人分得两本书,剩余四人各分得一本书,再利用分步乘法计数原理相乘即得结果.【详解】依题意,6本书分给5名数学爱好者,其中一人至少一本,则有一人分得两本书,剩余四人各分得一本书,方法一:分三步完成,第一步:选择一个人,有15C 种选法;第二步:为这个人选两本书,有26C 种选法;第三步:剩余四人各分得一本书,有44A 种选法.故由乘法原理知,不同的分配方法的种数为124564C C A ,故A 正确;方法二:分两步完成,第一步:先分组,选择两本书,将书分成“2+1+1+1+1”的五组,有26C 种选法;第二步:将五组分配给五个人,有55A 种选法.故由乘法原理知,不同的分配方法的种数为2565C A ,故D 正确.故选:AD.11.设,,,x a b y b c z c a =+=+=+且{},,a b c 是空间的一个基底,则下列向量组中,可以作为空间一个基底的向量组有()A .{},,a b xB .{},,x y zC .{},,b c zD .{},,x y a b c++ 【正确答案】BCD【分析】令1,,a AB b AA c AD ===,并以它们为邻边作平行六面体,再确定,,x y z ,a b c ++r r r 对应的线段,判断线段是否共面,即可判断各组向量是否可作为基底.【详解】如图所示,令1,,a AB b AA c AD === ,则11,,x AB y AD z AC ===,又1a b c AC ++= ,由A 、B 1、C 、D 1四点不共面知:向量,,x y z不共面,同理,,b c z 和,,x y a b c ++也不共面.故选:BCD12.对于二项式3*1(()n x n N x+∈,以下判断正确的有()A .存在n N *∈,展开式中有常数项B .对任意n N *∈,展开式中没有常数项C .对任意n N *∈,展开式中没有x 的一次项D .存在n N *∈,展开式中有x 的一次项【正确答案】AD【分析】利用展开式的通项公式依次对选项进行分析,得到答案.【详解】设二项式3*1()()n x n N x+∈展开式的通项公式为1r T +,则33411=()()r n r r r n rr n n T C x C x x--+=,不妨令4n =,则3r =时,展开式中有常数项,故答案A 正确,答案B 错误;令3n =,则2r =时,展开式中有x 的一次项,故C 答案错误,D 答案正确.故选:AD 三、填空题13.如图,在四棱锥P ABCD -中,底面ABCD 为平行四边形,且6AB AP ==,2,60,,AD BAD BAP DAP E F =∠=∠=∠= 分别为,PB PC 上的点,且2PE EB =,,PF FC EF ==__________.【分析】根据给定条件选定基底向量,,AB AD AP ,并表示出EF,再利用向量运算即可得解.【详解】在四棱锥P ABCD -中,底面ABCD 为平行四边形,连接AC ,如图,2PE EB = ,PF FC =,则1111()3232EF EB BA AP PF PB AB AP PC PB AB AP AC AP =+++=-++=-++- 111111()()(3)326266AB AP AB AP AB AD AP AB AD AP AB AD AP =--+++-=-++=-++,又6AB AP ==,2AD =,60BAD BAP DAP ∠=∠=∠=︒,则62cos 606AB AD AP AD ⋅=⋅=⨯⨯= ,66cos 6018AB AP ⋅=⨯⨯=,因此,||EF ===故答案为14.已知n 的展开式中所有项的二项式系数之和为1024,则34(1)(1)(1)n x x x -+-++- 的展开式中2x 项的系数为__________.【正确答案】164【分析】由已知求出10n =.进而得出()1nx -的展开式中含有2x 的项为223C n T x =⋅,然后根据二项式系数的性质求解2223410C C C +++ ,即可得出答案.【详解】由已知可得,21024n =,所以10n =.()1nx -的展开式的通项为()()1C 11C rrr n r rr r n n T x x -+=⋅⋅-=-⋅,0,1,2,,r n = ,2n ≥,且*n ∈N ,展开式中含有2x 的项为223C n T x =⋅,所以,34(1)(1)(1)n x x x -+-++- 的展开式中2x 项的系数为2223410C C C +++ 32222334102C C C C C =++++- 322234410211C C C C C 1=+++-=- 1110911646⨯⨯=-=.故答案为.16415.在直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,2AC BC ==,14AA =,90ACB ∠=︒,,,D E F 分别为1,,AC AA AB 的中点.则点1B 到平面DEF 的距离为__________.【分析】以以点C 为坐标原点,建立空间直角坐标系,写出各点的坐标,求出平面DEF 的法向量n以及1B D ,然后求出1B D 在n上的投影向量的模,即可得出答案.【详解】因为,90ACB ∠=︒,所以AC BC ⊥.又由直三棱柱的性质,可知1CC ⊥平面ABC .如图,以点C 为坐标原点,分别以1,,CA CB CC 所在的直线为,,x y z 轴,建立空间直角坐标系,则()0,0,0C ,()2,0,0A ,()0,2,0B ,()10,0,4C ,()12,0,4A ,()10,2,4B ,()1,0,0D ,()2,0,2E ,()1,1,0F ,所以,()1,0,2DE = ,()0,1,0DF = ,()11,2,4B D =--.设(),,n x y z =是平面DEF 的一个法向量,则00DE n DF n ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩,即200x z y +=⎧⎨=⎩,取1z =-,则()2,0,1n =- 是平面DEF 的一个法向量.因为,1B D 在n 方向上投影向量的模为15B D n n⋅== ,所以,点1B 到平面DEF故答案为.5四、双空题16.对任意实数x 有()32301232(2)(2)x a a x a x a x =+-+-+-,则2a =__________;0123a a a a +++=__________.【正确答案】627【分析】将()3322x x ⎡⎤=+-⎣⎦展开,即可得出各项的系数,然后得出答案.【详解】因为()3322x x ⎡⎤=+-⎣⎦,将该式展开可得,()()()()()3123303122130333322C 22C 22C 22C 22x x x x x x ⎡⎤=+-=⋅-+⋅-+⋅-+⋅-⎣⎦()()()238122622x x x =+-+-+-.所以,26a =,01238126127a a a a +++=+++=.故6;27.五、解答题17.在①只有第6项的二项式系数最大,②第4项与第8项的二项式系数相等,③所有二项式系数的和为102,这三个条件中任选一个,补充在下面(横线处)问题中,解决下面两个问题.已知()123012321nn n x a a x a x a x a x -=++++⋅⋅⋅+(n N *∈),若()21nx -的展开式中,______.(1)求n 的值;(2)求123n a a a a +++⋅⋅⋅+的值.【正确答案】(1)10;(2)1031-【分析】(1)分别选择不同方案,根据展开式系数关系即可求出;(2)令0x =和=1x -可求出.【详解】(1)选择条件①,若()21n x -的展开式中只有第6项的二项式系数最大,则52n =,10n ∴=;选择条件②,若()21nx -的展开式中第4项与第8项的二项式系数相等,则37n n C C =,10n ∴=;选择条件②,若()21nx -的展开式中所有二项式系数的和为102,则1022n =,10n ∴=;(2)由(1)知10n =,则()101231001231021x a a x a x a x a x -=++++⋅⋅⋅+,令0x =,得01a =,令=1x -,则100123101012331a a a a a a a a a +=-+-+⋅⋅++⋅⋅⋅⋅++=+,101231031a a a a ∴+++⋅⋅⋅+=-.本题考查二项展开式系数关系,属于基础题.18.如图,四棱锥S ABCD -P 为侧棱SD 的中点,试用向量法解决下面的问题.(1)求证:AC SD ⊥;(2)若2BC =,求线段BP 的长.【正确答案】(1)证明见解析;(26.【分析】由题设已知可构建底面中心O 为坐标原点,OB ,OC ,OS 的方向分别为x 轴、y 轴、z 轴的正方向的空间直角坐标系,确定,,,,S D C B P 坐标,(1)应用向量的数量积坐标公式有0OC SD ⋅= ,即可证AC SD ⊥;(2)用坐标表示BP ,求模即为线段BP 的长;【详解】连接BD ,交AC 于点O ,由题意知SO ⊥平面ABCD .以O 为坐标原点,OB ,OC ,OS 的方向分别为x 轴、y 轴、z 轴的正方向,建立空间直角坐标系O xyz -,如图所示.(1)设底面边长为a ,则高62SO =,于是6)2S ,2(,0,0)2D a ,2,02C ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,所以2,02OC a ⎛⎫= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,26(,0,)22SD = ,所以0OC SD ⋅= ,故OC SD ⊥,即AC SD ⊥.(2)因为2BC =,所以(2,0,0)B ,6)S ,(2,0,0)D .由中点坐标公式,可得(,0,22P ,所以()22BP =- ,所以BP == BP .本题考查了应用空间向量证明垂直及求线段长度,根据几何体的性质构建合适的空间坐标系,并得到点坐标,应用向量垂直的坐标公式证垂直,由向量的模求线段长度.19.有4名男生,3名女生,共7个人从左至右站成一排,在下列情况下,各有多少种不同的站法.(1)男生、女生各站在一起;(2)男生必须站在一起;(3)男生互不相邻,且女生也互不相邻.(4)最左端只能站某生甲或乙,最右端不能站某生甲,则有多少种不同的站法?【正确答案】(1)288(2)576(3)144(4)1320【分析】(1)先排男生,再排女生,考虑男女生位置,即可根据分步计数原理得出答案;(2)捆绑法:将男生看为一个整体,与女生排列,即可得出答案;(3)插空法:先排男生,女生插空,即可得出答案;(4)分为某生甲站在最左端,某生乙甲站在最左端,分别计算,相加即可得出答案.【详解】(1)男生必须站在一起,即把4名男生全排列,有44A 种排法,女生必须站在一起,即把3名女生全排列,有种33A 排法,全体男生、女生各看作一个元素全排列有22A 种排法,由分步乘法计数原理知共有432432A A A 2462288⋅⋅=⨯⨯=(种)排法.(2)把所有男生看作一个元素,与3名女生组成4个元素全排列,故有4444A A 576⋅=(种)不同的排法.(3)先排男生有44A 种排法,然后让女生插空,有33A 种排法,所以共有4343A A 144=(种)不同的排法.(4)若最左端站某生甲,余下6名同学全排列共有66A 720=种排法;若最左端站某生乙,则应先排某生甲,有15A 种排法,剩余5名同学全排列共有55A 种排法,由分步计数原理知共有1555A A 600⋅=种排法.根据分类加法计数原理可得,共有7206001320+=种.20.在四棱锥P ABCD -中,底面ABCD 为直角梯形,//AD BC ,AB BC ⊥,侧面PAB ⊥底面ABCD ,2PA PB AD ===,4BC =.(1)若PB 的中点为E ,求证://AE 平面PCD ;(2)若PB 与底面ABCD 所成的角为60︒,求PC 与平面PBD 的所成角的余弦值.【正确答案】(1)证明见解析【分析】(1)取PC 的中点F ,连接,EF DF .先证明四边形ADFE 是平行四边形,即可得出//DF AE ,然后即可证明线面平行;(2)先证明PO ⊥平面ABCD ,即可得出60PBA ∠=︒.然后建立空间直角坐标系,得出点以及向量的坐标,求出平面PBD 的法向量,根据向量求得PC 与平面PBD 的所成角的正弦值,进而求得余弦值.【详解】(1)如图1,取PC 的中点F ,连接,EF DF ,,E F 分别为,PB PC 的中点,∴//EF BC ,且122EF BC ==.//AD BC 且2AD =,//EF AD ∴且2EF AD ==,∴四边形ADFE 是平行四边形,//DF AE ∴.AE ⊄ 平面PCD ,DF ⊂平面PCD ,∴//AE 平面PCD .(2)若O 是AB 中点,取CD 中点为G ,连结OG .,O G 分别是,AB CD 的中点,∴//OG BC .AB BC ⊥,∴OG AB ⊥.由底面ABCD 为直角梯形且//AD BC ,2PA PB AD ===,4BC =.PA PB =,∴PO AB ⊥.由侧面PAB ⊥底面ABCD ,平面PAB ⋂平面ABCD AB =,PO ⊂面PAB ,∴PO ⊥平面ABCD ,P ∴在平面ABCD 的投影在直线AB 上.又PB 与底面ABCD 所成的角为60︒,PB ∴与底面ABCD 所成角的平面角60PBA ∠=︒,∴PAB 为等边三角形,2AB PA ==.以O 为原点,分别以,,OB OG OP 所在的直线为,,x y z 轴,如图2建空间直角坐标系,则()1,0,0B ,()1,4,0C ,()1,2,0D -,(P ,则(BP =-,(1,2,PD =-,(1,4,PC = .设平面PBD 的法向量(),,n x y z =r ,则00n BP n PD ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩,即020x x y ⎧-+=⎪⎨-+-=⎪⎩,取x =)n = ,∴cos ,n PC n PC n PC⋅=r uu u r r uu u r r uu u r 设PC 与平面PBD 的所成角为θ,则sin cos ,35n PC θ== . π0,2θ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,∴cos 0θ≥∴cos 35θ=,PC ∴与平面PBD21.有5个男生和3个女生,从中选出5人担任5门不同学科的科代表,求分别符合下列条件的选法数.(1)有女生但人数必须少于男生;(2)某女生一定担任语文科代表;(3)某男生必须包括在内,但不担任语文科代表;(4)某女生一定要担任语文科代表,某男生必须担任科代表,但不担任数学科代表.【正确答案】(1)5400(2)840(3)3360(4)360【分析】(1)分为2女3男和1女4男,两种情况,先选出5人,然后排列即可得出答案;(2)从剩余7人中,选出4人排列,即可得出答案;(3)先考虑选出某男生的职位,再从剩余7人中,先选出4人排列,即可得出答案;(4)先考虑选出某男生的职位,再从剩余6人中,先选出3人排列,即可得出答案.【详解】(1)先选后排,5人可以是2女3男,也可以是1女4男,所以先选有3241535345C C C C +=种方法,后排有55A 120=种方法,所以共有不同选法451205400⨯=(种).(2)先在剩余的7人中选出4人,有47C 35=种选法,然后排列,有44A 24=种方法,根据分步乘法计数原理,即可得出共有不同选法3524840⨯=(种).(3)分步:第一步,先安排不担任语文科代表的某男生,有14C 4=种方法;第二步,然后从剩余的7人中选出4人,有47C 35=种选法;第三步,选出的4人排列,有44A 24=种方法.根据分步乘法计数原理,共有不同选法435243360⨯⨯=(种).(4)第一步,安排某男生,有13C 3=种方法;第二步,从剩余的6人中选出3人,有36C 20=种选法;第三步,选出的3人排列,有33A 6=种方法.根据分步乘法计数原理,共有不同选法32063360⨯⨯=(种).22.如图,在底面是菱形的四棱锥P ABCD -中,E 为CD 中点,90APD ∠=︒,60ADC ∠=︒,已知1PA PD ==.(1)若PB AB PE ⊥;(2)若PC =P CD A --的平面角的正弦值.【正确答案】(1)证明见解析.【分析】(1)由已知可推得ACD 为等边三角形,AE CD ⊥,推得AE AB ⊥.根据勾股定理,可推得AB AP ⊥.即可证明AB ⊥平面APE ,根据线面垂直的性质,即可推得线线垂直;(2)先证明PO ⊥面ABCD .以O 为原点,建立空间直角坐标系,写出点的坐标,求出平面PCD 和平面ACD 的法向量,即可根据向量方法得出答案.【详解】(1)连结AE ,由于E 为CD 中点,且60ADC ∠=︒,所以,ACD 为等边三角形,故AE CD ⊥.因为//AB CD ,所以AE AB ⊥.因为90APD ∠=︒,1AP =,所以AB AD ==因为PB 在ABP 中,有222123AB AP BP +=+==,则AB AP ⊥.又AE AP A =I ,且AE ⊂平面APE ,AP ⊂平面APE ,所以AB ⊥平面APE .又PE ⊂平面APE ,故AB PE ⊥.(2)取AD 的中点O ,连接,OP OC ,在APD △中,1PA PD ==,90APD ∠=︒,O 为AD 中点,所以12OP AD ==OP AD ⊥.在ACD 中,AD DC ==60ADC ∠=︒,所以OC =.又PC =22213222PO OC PC =+=+=,所以OC PO ⊥.又AD PO ⊥,OC AD O = ,AD ⊂平面ABCD ,OC ⊂平面ABCD ,所以PO ⊥面ABCD .以O 为原点,分别以,,OC OD OP 所在直线为,,x y z 轴,如图建立空间直角坐标系,则62C ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,2,02D ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,22P ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,则6222CD ⎛⎫= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ ,6222CP ⎛= ⎝⎭.设平面PCD 的一个法向量为()1111,,n x y z = ,则1100n CD n CP ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩ ,即111162022620x y x ⎧-+=⎪⎪⎨⎪+=⎪⎩,取11x =,则(13,3n = .易知()20,0,1n = 为平面ACD 的一个法向量,则121212321cos ,77n n n n n n ⋅== .设二面角P CD A --的平面角为θ,所以,21222127sin 1177cos ,n n θ⎛⎫=--= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭所以二面角P CD A --的平面角的正弦值为77.。
2022-2023学年江苏省淮安市五校高二(上)期中数学试卷【答案版】
2022-2023学年江苏省淮安市五校高二(上)期中数学试卷一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.点P (2,5)关于直线x +y =1的对称点的坐标是( ) A .(﹣5,﹣2)B .(﹣4,﹣1)C .(﹣6,﹣3)D .(﹣4,﹣2)2.已知方程x 2+y 2﹣2x +2k +3=0表示圆,则k 的取值范围是( ) A .(﹣∞,﹣1)B .(3,+∞)C .(﹣∞,﹣1)∪(3,+∞)D .(−32,+∞)3.求经过点P (3,2),且在两坐标轴上的截距相等的直线方程为( ) A .x +y ﹣5=0B .2x ﹣3y =0C .2x ﹣3y =0或x +y ﹣5=0D .以上都不对4.圆(x ﹣1)2+(y ﹣2)2=2上的点P 到点Q (4,﹣2)的距离可能为( ) A .3 B .5C .7D .95.双曲线x 2−y 2b2=1(b >0)的渐近线方程是y =±2√2x ,则双曲线的焦距为( )A .3B .6C .2√7D .32√26.已知数列{a n }中,a 3=2,a 7=1.若{1a n}为等差数列,则a 5=( ) A .23B .32C .43D .347.设A 1,A 2分别为椭圆C :y 2+x 2n =1(0<n <1)的上、下顶点,若在椭圆C 上存在点P ,满足∠A 1P A 2=120°,则实数n 的取值范围为( ) A .(0,13]B .(0,14]C .[14,1)D .[13,1)8.已知抛物线y 2=4x 在点(2,2√2)处的切线与双曲线C :y 2a 2−x 2b2=1(a >0,b >0)的一条渐近线平行,则C 的离心率为( ) A .2√2B .2C .√3D .√62二、多项选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分,部分选对的得2分,有选错的得0分.9.若数列{a n }满足:对任意正整数n ,{a n +1﹣a n }为递减数列,则称数列{a n }为“差递减数列”.给出下列数列{a n }(n ∈N *),其中是“差递减数列”的有( )A .a n =3nB .a n =n 2+1C .a n =√nD .a n =lnnn+110.当α∈(π4,3π4)时,方程x 2sin α+y 2cos α=1表示的轨迹可以是( ) A .两条直线B .圆C .椭圆D .双曲线11.关于圆锥曲线下列叙述中正确的有( ) A .过双曲线x 225−y 29=1的右焦点且被双曲线截得的弦长为10的直线共有3条B .设A ,B 是两个定点,k 是非零常数,若|P A |﹣|PB |=k ,则动点P 的轨迹是双曲线的一支C .双曲线x 225−y 29=1与椭圆x 235+y 2=1有相同的焦点D .以过抛物线的焦点的一条弦PQ 为直径作圆,则该圆与抛物线的准线相切 12.已知椭圆C :x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0)的左,右两焦点分别是F 1,F 2,其中|F 1F 2|=2c .直线l :y =k (x +c )(k ∈R )与椭圆交于A ,B 两点.则下列说法中正确的有( ) A .若k ≠0,则△ABF 2的周长为4aB .若AF 1→⋅AF 2→=3c 2,则椭圆的离心率的取值范围是[√55,12]C .若AB 的中点为M ,则k OM ⋅k =a 2b2D .弦AB 长的取值范围是(2b2a ,2a]三、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.请把答案直接填写在答题卡相应位置上. 13.以双曲线y 216−x 29=1的下焦点为焦点的抛物线的标准方程为 .14.设点F 1,F 2分别为椭圆C :x 23+y 2=1的左,右焦点,点P 是椭圆C 上任意一点,若使得PF 1→⋅PF 2→=m 成立的点恰好是4个,则实数m 的一个取值可以为 .15.我国古代数学著作《孙子算经》中有一道题:“今有物不知其数,三三数之剩二,五五数之剩二,七七数之剩二,问物几何?”根据这一数学思想,所有被3除余2的正整数按从小到大的顺序排列组成数列{a n },所有被5除余2的正整数按从小到大的顺序排列组成数列{b n },把数列{a n }与{b n }的公共项按从小到大的顺序排列组成数列{c n },则数列{c n }的第10项是数列{b n }的第 项.16.已知P 为|x |+|y |=m 上的点,过点P 作圆O :x 2+y 2=1的切线,切点为M 、N ,若使得∠MPN =60°的点P 有8个,则m 的取值范围是 .四、解答题:本题共6小题,共70分.请在答题卡指定区域内作答.解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17.(10分)过点M (0,1)作直线,使它被两直线l 1:x ﹣3y +10=0,l 2:2x +y ﹣8=0所截得的线段恰好被M 所平分,求此直线方程.18.(12分)已知数列{a n }满足a 1=1,na n +1=(n +1)a n +2n (n +1),设b n =a nn. (1)判断数列{b n }是否为等差数列,并说明理由; (2)若a n 是数列{c n }的前n 项和,求{c n }的通项公式. 19.(12分)已知圆C :x 2+y 2+2x ﹣4y +3=0.(1)若不过原点的直线l 与圆C 相切,且在x 轴,y 轴上的截距相等,求直线l 的方程;(2)从圆C 外一点P (x ,y )向圆引一条切线,切点为M ,O 为坐标原点,且有|PM |=|PO |,求点P 的轨迹方程.20.(12分)给出下列条件:①焦点在x 轴上;②焦点在y 轴上;③抛物线上横坐标为1的点A 到其焦点F 的距离等于2;④抛物线的准线方程是x =﹣2.(1)对于顶点在原点O 的抛物线C :从以上四个条件中选出两个适当的条件,使得抛物线C 的方程是y 2=4x ,并说明理由;(2)过点(4,0)的任意一条直线l 与C :y 2=4x 交于A ,B 不同两点,试探究是否总有OA →⊥OB →?请说明理由.21.(12分)已知双曲线Γ:x 2a 2−y 2b 2=1(a >0,b >0),直线l :x +y ﹣2=0,F 1,F 2为双曲线Γ的两个焦点,l 与双曲线Γ的一条渐近线平行且过其中一个焦点. (1)求双曲线Γ的方程;(2)设Γ与l 的交点为P ,求∠F 1PF 2的角平分线所在直线的方程.22.(12分)已知椭圆C :x 2a 2+y 2b2=1(a >b >0)右焦点为F 2,A (2,1)是C 上一点,点B 与A 关于原点O 对称,△ABF 2的面积为√6. (1)求椭圆C 的标准方程;(2)直线l ∥AB ,且交椭圆C 于点D ,E ,证明:直线AD 与BE 的斜率乘积为定值.2022-2023学年江苏省淮安市五校高二(上)期中数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.点P(2,5)关于直线x+y=1的对称点的坐标是()A.(﹣5,﹣2)B.(﹣4,﹣1)C.(﹣6,﹣3)D.(﹣4,﹣2)解:设点P(2,5)关于直线x+y=1的对称点Q的坐标为(m,n),则由题意可得n−5m−2⋅(−1)=−1,且m+22+n+52=1,求得{m=−4n=−1,故选:B.2.已知方程x2+y2﹣2x+2k+3=0表示圆,则k的取值范围是()A.(﹣∞,﹣1)B.(3,+∞)C.(﹣∞,﹣1)∪(3,+∞)D.(−32,+∞)解:方程x2+y2﹣2x+2k+3=0,即为(x﹣1)2+y2=﹣2﹣2k,由方程表示圆,可得﹣2﹣2k>0,解得k<﹣1.即k的取值范围为(﹣∞,﹣1).故选:A.3.求经过点P(3,2),且在两坐标轴上的截距相等的直线方程为()A.x+y﹣5=0B.2x﹣3y=0C.2x﹣3y=0或x+y﹣5=0D.以上都不对解:当直线经过原点时,设方程为y=kx,∵直线经过点P(3,2),∴2=3k,解之得k=2 3,此时的直线方程为y=23x,即2x﹣3y=0;当直线不经过原点时,设方程为x+y+c=0,将点P(3,2)代入,得3+2+c=0,解之得c=﹣5,此时的直线方程为x+y﹣5=0.综上所述,满足条件的直线方程为:2x﹣3y=0或x+y﹣5=0.故选:C.4.圆(x﹣1)2+(y﹣2)2=2上的点P到点Q(4,﹣2)的距离可能为()A .3B .5C .7D .9解:由题意,圆心与P 的距离为:√(4−1)2+(−2−2)2=5,∴点Q (4,﹣2)到点P 的距离的最小值为:5−√2,最大值为:5+√2, 故选:B . 5.双曲线x 2−y 2b2=1(b >0)的渐近线方程是y =±2√2x ,则双曲线的焦距为( )A .3B .6C .2√7D .32√2解:双曲线x 2−y 2b2=1(b >0)的渐近线方程是y =±2√2x ,可得b =2√2,所以c =√a 2+b 2=3, 所以双曲线的焦距为6. 故选:B .6.已知数列{a n }中,a 3=2,a 7=1.若{1a n}为等差数列,则a 5=( ) A .23B .32C .43D .34解:设等差数列{1a n}的公差为d ,则1a 7=1a 3+4d ,即1=12+4d ,解得d =18. 则1a 5=1a 3+2d =12+14=34,解得a 5=43.故选:C .7.设A 1,A 2分别为椭圆C :y 2+x 2n=1(0<n <1)的上、下顶点,若在椭圆C 上存在点P ,满足∠A 1P A 2=120°,则实数n 的取值范围为( ) A .(0,13]B .(0,14]C .[14,1)D .[13,1)解:由椭圆的性质可得:当点P 在B 1或B 2时,∠A 1P A 2最大, 又在椭圆C 上存在点P ,满足∠A 1P A 2=120°, 则∠A 1B 2A 2≥120°, 即∠A 1B 2O ≥60°, 即tan ∠A 1B 2O ≥√3, 即A 1O B 2O ≥√3,即√n≥√3,即n ≤13, 又0<n <1,即实数n 的取值范围为(0,13], 故选:A .8.已知抛物线y 2=4x 在点(2,2√2)处的切线与双曲线C :y 2a 2−x 2b 2=1(a >0,b >0)的一条渐近线平行,则C 的离心率为( ) A .2√2B .2C .√3D .√62解:在y 2=4x 的两边同时对x 求导,可得2yy ′=4, 即y ′=2y ,所求抛物线在点(2,2√2)处的切线的斜率为2√2=√22,因为切线与双曲线C :y 2a 2−x 2b2=1(a >0,b >0)的一条渐近线平行,可得ab=√22, 则e =c a =√1+b2a2=√1+2=√3.故选:C .二、多项选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分,部分选对的得2分,有选错的得0分.9.若数列{a n }满足:对任意正整数n ,{a n +1﹣a n }为递减数列,则称数列{a n }为“差递减数列”.给出下列数列{a n }(n ∈N *),其中是“差递减数列”的有( ) A .a n =3nB .a n =n 2+1C .a n =√nD .a n =lnnn+1解:A ∵a n +1﹣a n =3(n +1)﹣3n =3,∴数列{a n }不为“差递减数列”. 同理可得:B 不为“差递减数列”. C ∵a n +1﹣a n =√n +1−√n =1√n+1+√n,∴数列{a n }为“差递减数列”.同理可得:D 为“差递减数列”. 故选:CD .10.当α∈(π4,3π4)时,方程x 2sin α+y 2cos α=1表示的轨迹可以是( ) A .两条直线B .圆C .椭圆D .双曲线解:当α∈(π4,3π4)时,sin α∈(√22,1],cos α∈(−√22,√22),可得方程x 2sin α+y 2cos α=1表示的曲线可以是椭圆(sin α>0,cos α>0). 也可以是双曲线(sin α>0,cos α<0),也可能是两条直线(sin α=1,cos α=0). 故选:ACD .11.关于圆锥曲线下列叙述中正确的有( ) A .过双曲线x 225−y 29=1的右焦点且被双曲线截得的弦长为10的直线共有3条B .设A ,B 是两个定点,k 是非零常数,若|P A |﹣|PB |=k ,则动点P 的轨迹是双曲线的一支C .双曲线x 225−y 29=1与椭圆x 235+y 2=1有相同的焦点D .以过抛物线的焦点的一条弦PQ 为直径作圆,则该圆与抛物线的准线相切 解:对于A ,在双曲线x 225−y 29=1中,a =5,b =3,c =√34,实轴长为2a =10,则过该双曲线的右焦点与两支相交的直线被双曲线所截弦长为10的直线只有1条, 双曲线x 225−y 29=1的通径长为2b 2a=185<10,则过该双曲线的右焦点与一支相交的直线被双曲线所截弦长为10的直线有2条, 因此过双曲线x 225−y 29=1的右焦点且被双曲线截得的弦长为10的直线共有3条,A 正确;对于B ,当|k |=|AB |时,动点P 的轨迹是一条射线,当|k |<|AB |时,动点P 的轨迹是双曲线的一支,B 错误;对于C ,双曲线x 225−y 29=1的焦点坐标为(±√34,0),而椭圆x 235+y 2=1的焦点坐标也为(±√34,0),C 正确;对于D ,设抛物线y 2=2px (p >0)的焦点为F ,准线为l , 过点P ,Q 作准线1的垂线,垂足分别为P ′,Q ′,如图,设线段PQ 的中点为M ,过点M 作MM ′⊥l 于M ′, 因此线段MM ′是直角梯形PQQP ′的中位线, 则|MM ′|=|PP′|+|QQ′|2=|PF|+|FQ|2=12|PQ|,即以线段PQ 为直径的圆与抛物线的准线相切,D 正确. 故选:ACD . 12.已知椭圆C :x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0)的左,右两焦点分别是F 1,F 2,其中|F 1F 2|=2c .直线l :y =k (x +c )(k ∈R )与椭圆交于A ,B 两点.则下列说法中正确的有( ) A .若k ≠0,则△ABF 2的周长为4aB .若AF 1→⋅AF 2→=3c 2,则椭圆的离心率的取值范围是[√55,12]C .若AB 的中点为M ,则k OM ⋅k =a 2b2D .弦AB 长的取值范围是(2b2a ,2a]解:对于选项A ,由直线l :y =k (x +c )的方程可知:直线l 过点F 1,则△ABF 2的周长为|AB |+|AF 2|+|BF 2|=|AF 1|+|BF 1|+|AF 2|+|BF 2|=4a ,即选项A 正确;对于选项B ,设A (x ,y ),由AF 1→⋅AF 2→=3c 2,即(x ﹣c )(x +c )+y 2=3c 2,即x 2+y 2=4c 2,即点P 的轨迹为以(0,0)为圆心,2c 为半径的圆,即此圆与椭圆有交点,即b ≤2c ≤a ,即{a 2−c 2≤4c 22c ≤a,即√55≤e ≤12,即选项B 正确;对于选项C ,设A (x 1,y 1),B (x 2,y 2),则x 12a 2+y 12b 2=1,x 22a 2+y 22b 2=1,两式相减可得:y 12−y 22x 12−x 22=−b 2a2,又AB 的中点为M ,则M (x 1+x 22,y 1+y 22),则k OM =y 1+y 2x 1+x 2,又k AB =y 1−y 2x 1−x 2,则k OM •k AB =y 12−y 22x 12−x 22=−b2a2,即选项C 错误;对于选项D ,由椭圆的性质可得:过焦点的弦中通径长最短,长轴长最长,又椭圆的通径长为2b 2a,长轴长为2a ,则弦AB 长的取值范围是(2b2a ,2a],即选项D 正确,故选:ABD .三、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.请把答案直接填写在答题卡相应位置上. 13.以双曲线y 216−x 29=1的下焦点为焦点的抛物线的标准方程为 x 2=﹣20y .解:双曲线y 216−x 29=1的下焦点为(0,﹣5),则抛物线的焦点坐标(0,﹣5),则p =10,抛物线的标准方程为:x 2=﹣20y . 故答案为:x 2=﹣20y . 14.设点F 1,F 2分别为椭圆C :x 23+y 2=1的左,右焦点,点P 是椭圆C 上任意一点,若使得PF 1→⋅PF 2→=m 成立的点恰好是4个,则实数m 的一个取值可以为 0 . 解:设P (x ,y ),已知点F 1,F 2分别为椭圆C :x 23+y 2=1的左,右焦点,则a =√3,b =1,c =√2, 即F 1(−√2,0),F 2(√2,0),则PF 1→=(−√2−x ,−y),PF 2→=(√2−x ,y), 则PF 1→⋅PF 2→=x 2+y 2−2, 又点P 在椭圆C 上, 则x 23+y 2=1,即x 2+y 2−2=2x 23−1,又PF 1→⋅PF 2→=m , 则x 2=3(m+1)2, 又使得PF 1→⋅PF 2→=m 成立的点恰好是4个, 则0<3(m+1)2<3, 即﹣1<m <1,即实数m 的一个取值可以为0, 故答案为:0.15.我国古代数学著作《孙子算经》中有一道题:“今有物不知其数,三三数之剩二,五五数之剩二,七七数之剩二,问物几何?”根据这一数学思想,所有被3除余2的正整数按从小到大的顺序排列组成数列{a n },所有被5除余2的正整数按从小到大的顺序排列组成数列{b n },把数列{a n }与{b n }的公共项按从小到大的顺序排列组成数列{c n },则数列{c n }的第10项是数列{b n }的第 28 项. 解:根据题意,数列{a n }是首项为2,公差为3的等差数列, 所以a n =2+3(n ﹣1)=3n ﹣1;数列{b n }是首项为2,公差为5的等差数列, 所以b n =2+5(n ﹣1)=5n ﹣3;把数列{a n }与{b n }的公共项从小到大得到数列{c n }, 所以数列{c n }是首项为2,公差为15的等差数列, 所以c n =2+15(n ﹣1)=15n ﹣13;所以数列{c n }的第10项是c 10=15×10﹣13=137, 令b n =5n ﹣3=137,解得n =28,所以数列{c n }的第10项是数列{b n }的第28项. 故答案为:28.16.已知P 为|x |+|y |=m 上的点,过点P 作圆O :x 2+y 2=1的切线,切点为M 、N ,若使得∠MPN =60°的点P 有8个,则m 的取值范围是 (2,2√2) .解:如图,由题意可得:P 点的轨迹是横纵截距均为±m 对应的4个点形成的正方形, 设∠MPN =2θ,设该正方形的一个顶点P 1(m ,0),(m ,0)与(0,m )的中点P 2(m2,m2),过P 1,P 2分别作圆O 的两条切线,切点分别为F ,E , 则∠OP 1F ≤θ≤∠OP 2E ,∴sin ∠OP 1F ≤sin θ≤sin ∠OP 2E ,又∠MPN =60°的点P 有8个, ∴sin ∠OP 1F <sin30°<sin ∠OP 2E , ∴r |P 1O|<12<r|P 2O|,∴1m<12√22m,(m >0),解得2<m <2√2, 故答案为:(2,2√2).四、解答题:本题共6小题,共70分.请在答题卡指定区域内作答.解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17.(10分)过点M (0,1)作直线,使它被两直线l 1:x ﹣3y +10=0,l 2:2x +y ﹣8=0所截得的线段恰好被M 所平分,求此直线方程.解:设所求直线与已知直线l 1,l 2分别交于A 、B 两点.∵点B 在直线l 2:2x +y ﹣8=0上,故可设B (t ,8﹣2t ).又M (0,1)是AB 的中点,由中点坐标公式得A (﹣t ,2t ﹣6).∵A 点在直线l 1:x ﹣3y +10=0上,∴(﹣t )﹣3(2t ﹣6)+10=0,解得t =4.∴B (4,0),A (﹣4,2),故所求直线方程为:x +4y ﹣4=0.18.(12分)已知数列{a n }满足a 1=1,na n +1=(n +1)a n +2n (n +1),设b n =a n n . (1)判断数列{b n }是否为等差数列,并说明理由;(2)若a n 是数列{c n }的前n 项和,求{c n }的通项公式.解:(1)由na n +1=(n +1)a n +2n (n +1),得a n+1n+1−a n n =2,∵b n =an n , ∴b n +1﹣b n =2,即数列{b n }是公差为2的等差数列;(2)由(1)知,b n =b 1+2(n ﹣1)=1+2(n ﹣1)=2n ﹣1,∴a n n =2n −1,即a n =2n 2−n .∵a n 是数列{c n }的前n 项和,∴c 1=a 1=2﹣1=1;当n ≥2时,c n =a n −a n−1=2n 2−n −[2(n −1)2−(n −1)]=4n ﹣3.验证c 1=1不适合上式,∴c n ={1,n =14n −3,n ≥2. 19.(12分)已知圆C :x 2+y 2+2x ﹣4y +3=0.(1)若不过原点的直线l 与圆C 相切,且在x 轴,y 轴上的截距相等,求直线l 的方程;(2)从圆C 外一点P (x ,y )向圆引一条切线,切点为M ,O 为坐标原点,且有|PM |=|PO |,求点P 的轨迹方程.解:(1)将圆C 配方得(x +1)2+(y ﹣2)2=2.由题意知直线在两坐标轴上的截距不为零,设直线方程为x +y ﹣a =0, 由√2=√2,得|a ﹣1|=2,即a =﹣1,或a =3.∴直线方程为x +y +1=0,或x +y ﹣3=0;…(6分)(2)由于|PC |2=|PM |2+|CM |2=|PM |2+r 2,∴|PM |2=|PC |2﹣r 2.又∵|PM |=|PO |,∴|PC |2﹣r 2=|PO |2,∴(x +1)2+(y ﹣2)2﹣2=x 2+y 2.∴2x ﹣4y +3=0即为所求.…(12分)20.(12分)给出下列条件:①焦点在x 轴上;②焦点在y 轴上;③抛物线上横坐标为1的点A 到其焦点F 的距离等于2;④抛物线的准线方程是x =﹣2.(1)对于顶点在原点O 的抛物线C :从以上四个条件中选出两个适当的条件,使得抛物线C 的方程是y 2=4x ,并说明理由;(2)过点(4,0)的任意一条直线l 与C :y 2=4x 交于A ,B 不同两点,试探究是否总有OA →⊥OB →?请说明理由.解:(1)因为抛物线C :y 2=4x 的焦点F (1,0)在x 轴上,所以条件①适合,条件②不适合. 又因为抛物线C :y 2=4x 的准线方程为:x =﹣1,所以条件④不适合题意.当选择条件③时,|AF |=x A +1=1+1=2,此时适合题意.故选择条件①③时,可得抛物线C 的方程是y 2=4x .(2)假设总有OA →⊥OB →,由题意得直线l 的斜率不为0,设直线l 的方程为x =ty +4,设A (x 1,y 1),B (x 2,y 2),联立方程组{y 2=4x x =ty +4,消去x ,整理得y 2﹣4ty ﹣16=0, 所以Δ>0恒成立,y 1+y 2=4t ,y 1y 2=﹣16,则x 1x 2=(ty 1+4)(ty 2+4)=t 2y 1y 2+4t (y 1+y 2)+16=﹣16t 2+16t 2+16=16,所以OA →⋅OB →=x 1x 2+y 1y 2=16−16=0,所以OA →⊥OB →,综上所述,无论l 如何变化,总有OA →⊥OB →.21.(12分)已知双曲线Γ:x 2a 2−y 2b 2=1(a >0,b >0),直线l :x +y ﹣2=0,F 1,F 2为双曲线Γ的两个焦点,l 与双曲线Γ的一条渐近线平行且过其中一个焦点.(1)求双曲线Γ的方程;(2)设Γ与l 的交点为P ,求∠F 1PF 2的角平分线所在直线的方程.解:(1)依题意,双曲线的渐近线方程为y =±x ,焦点坐标为F 1(﹣2,0),F 2(2,0), ∴双曲线方程为x 2﹣y 2=2;(2){x 2−y 2=2x +y −2=0⇒P(32,12),显然∠F 1PF 2的角平分线所在直线斜率k 存在,且k >0,k PF 1=17,k PF 2=−1,于是|k PF 1−k 1+k PF 1k |=|k PF 2−k 1+k PF 2k |⇒k =3.∴y −12=3(x −32)⇒3x −y −4=0为所求. 22.(12分)已知椭圆C :x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0)右焦点为F 2,A (2,1)是C 上一点,点B 与A 关于原点O 对称,△ABF 2的面积为√6.(1)求椭圆C 的标准方程;(2)直线l ∥AB ,且交椭圆C 于点D ,E ,证明:直线AD 与BE 的斜率乘积为定值. 解:(1)设右焦点F 2(c ,0),其中c =√a 2−b 2,根据椭圆的对称性,有S △ABF 2=2S △OAF 2=2×12×1×c =√6,即c =√6,又点A (2,1)在椭圆C :x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0)上, 所以4a 2+1b 2=1,又a 2=b 2+c 2=b 2+6,将b 2=a 2﹣6代入,整理得a 4﹣11a 2+24=0,解得a 2=8,或a 2=3(舍),所以b 2=2, 所以椭圆的标准方程为:x 28+y 22=1;(2)证明:由题意,点B 与A 关于原点O 对称,所以B (﹣2,﹣1),k AB =12,因为DE ∥AB ,所以k DE =12,设D (x 1,y 1),E (x 2,y 2),直线DE 方程为:y =12x +m ,m ≠0,联立直线DE 与椭圆方程,{y =12x +m x 28+y 22=1,消去y 得,x 2+2mx +2m 2﹣4=0, 当Δ=4m 2﹣4(2m 2﹣4)>0,即﹣2<m <2且m ≠0时, x 1+x 2=−2m ,x 1x 2=2m 2−4,k AD=y 1−1x 1−2=12x 1+m−1x 1−2=12+m x 1−2,k BE =y 2+1x 2+2=12x 2+m+1x 2+2=12+m x 2+2, 所以k AD ⋅k BE =(12+m x 1−2)⋅(12+m x 2+2)=14+12(m x 1−2+m x 2+2)+m 2(x 1−2)(x 2+2)=14+m(x 1+x 2)+2m 22(x 1−2)(x 2+2)=14+−2m 2+2m 22(x 1−2)(x 2+2)=14, 即k AD ⋅k BE =14是定值.。
淮安市高二期中模拟试卷
淮安市高二期中模拟试卷(语文卷)一、语言文字运用(15分)1.下列词语中加点的字,每对读音都不相同的一组是(3分)A .校对/校场 解数/跑马卖解 折耗/损兵折将B .削皮/削减 躯壳/金蝉脱壳 吭声/引吭高歌C .栅栏/光栅 桂冠/勇冠三军 食谱/箪食壶浆D .伺机/伺候 中肯/一语中的 商贾/余勇可贾 2.下列各项中,加点成语使用完全正确的一项是( )(3分)A. 虽然国际金融风暴还未对我国实体经济产生破坏性的冲击,但我们要做好未雨绸缪....的准备。
B. 他现在的生意可以说是江河日下....,今天来三个,明天来五个,等到哪天一个顾客都不来,他就得关门了。
C. 当我还年轻的时候,我认为生活就该绕着我转:我如何在这世上得心应手....,成功立业,得到我想要的。
D. 站到山顶上往下看,会发现你所焦灼的、在意的或者首鼠两端....的事情,人生的喜怒哀乐都被万家灯火包围着。
3.下面的文字针对“紫外线辐射”说了哪几层意思?请简要概括。
(不超过40字)(5分) 阳光中的紫外辐射虽然只占太阳总发射能量的5%左右,但是它对于地球生命系统却有很大的伤害能力,且能量越高,伤害越大。
能量最高的部分,在平流层以上就被大气中的原子和分子氧所吸收。
接下来到波长290纳米之间的一段,被平流层臭氧分子全部吸收。
波长为290~320nm 的辐射段也有90%被臭氧分子吸收,从而大大减弱了它到达地面的强度。
如果平流层臭氧的含量减少,则地面受到紫外辐射的强度将会增加。
因此,臭氧层就成为一道天然屏障,保护地球上人类和动植物免遭短波紫外线的伤害。
臭氧透过的少量紫外线,还可以杀菌防菌,对生物大有裨益。
4. 没有真挚的情感,就不会有真正的情谊;没有丰富的情感,就不会有对理想的憧憬; , ; , 。
二、文言文阅读(19分)阅读下面的文言文,完成5-8题。
萧何传萧何,沛人也。
高祖为布衣时,数以吏事护高祖。
高祖为亭长,常佑之。
高祖以吏繇咸阳,吏皆送奉钱三,何独以五①。
2024届江苏省淮安市重点中学物理高二上期中教学质量检测模拟试题含解析
2024届江苏省淮安市重点中学物理高二上期中教学质量检测模拟试题考生须知:1.全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分,全部在答题纸上作答。
选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。
2.请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。
3.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
一、单项选择题:本题共6小题,每小题4分,共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、如图所示,带电粒子在电场中由A点运动到B点,图中实线为电场线,虚线为粒子运动轨迹,则下列说法判断错误的是()A.该带电粒子带正电B.A处电势比B处电势高C.从A到B的运动过程中,电场力做负功,动能减少D.该粒子从A到B的过程中加速度增大,速度也增大2、家用的一台34寸彩色电视机的待机状态大约是10瓦,假如我家电视机平均每天(24小时)开机4小时,看完电视后总是用遥控器关机而不切断电源,则A.我家平均每天中因这台电视机待机浪费的电能才0.2 kW·h是微乎其微的,没必要切断电源B.我家一年(365天)中因此电视机待机浪费的电能有73kW·h,这是一种浪费电能现象C.在家不看电视时,切断电源;在学校教室里看完电视时,没必要切断电源D.现在的电费每1 kW·h只需0.6元钱,这样待机一年还不到50元钱,纯属多虑3、真空中相距为3a的两个点电荷M、N,分别固定于x轴上,x1=0和x2=3a的两点上,在它们连线上各点的电场强度E随x变化的关系如图所示,下列判断正确的是A.点电荷M、N一定为异种电荷B.在x轴上,x=2a处的电场强度为零C.点电荷M、N所带电荷量的绝对值之比为2:1D.若设无穷远处为电势能零点,则x=2a处的电势一定为零4、如图所示,四个电场线图,一正电荷在电场中由P到Q做加速运动且加速度越来越大,那么它所在的电场是()A.B.C.D.5、首先发现电流的磁效应的科学家是()A.特斯拉B.安培C.奥斯特D.法拉第6、某区域的电场线分布如图所示,a、b是该电场中的两点,则()A.a点的场强较小B.b点的场强较小C.同一检验电荷在a点受到的电场力比在b点受到的电场力大D.同一检验电荷在a点和b点受到的电场力相同二、多项选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分。
数学丨淮安市高中校协作体22023第一学期高二年级期中考试数学试卷及答案
淮安市高中校协作体2022~2023学年度第一学期高二年级期中考试数学试卷考试时间为120分钟,满分150分 命题人: 凡成一、单项选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共计40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的. 1.直线x =π3的倾斜角为( ) A .6πB .4π C .3π D .2π 2.在抛物线的方程22(0)y px p =>中,p 表示( ) A .焦点到准线的距离 B .焦点到准线的距离的一半 C .焦点到准线的距离的2倍D .焦点到顶点的距离3.圆C :(x -2)2+(y +1)2=3的圆心坐标为( )A .(2,1)B .(2,-1)C .(-2,1)D .(-2,-1) 4.双曲线2x 2-y 2=8的实轴长是( )A .2B .2 2C .4D .42 5.无论实数k 取何值,直线kx -y+2=0都过定点,则该定点的坐标为( ) A .(0,2)-B .(0,2)C .(2,0)D .(2,0)-6.若动点(),P x y 满足方程√x 2+(y +2)2√x 2+(y −2)2=4√2,则动点P 的轨迹方程为( ) A .2211612x y += B .22184x y += C .y 28 +x 24=1 D .X 28 −y 24=17.已知圆C :(x -1)2+(y -2)2=30,直线l :(2m +1)x +(m +1)y -7m -4=0,则直线l 被圆C 截得的弦长的最小值为( )A .10B .4 5C .5D .2 5 8. 已知12,F F 分别是椭圆()222:139x y C a a +=>的左、右焦点,点P 为椭圆上一点,且12120F PF ∠=︒,则12PF PF ⋅=( ) A.18 B.363 C.36 D.与a 的取值有关二、多项选择题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共计20分.每小题给出的四个选项中, 有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的5分,部分选对的得2分,有选错的得0分. 9.下列双曲线中以2y x =±为渐近线的是( )A .2214x y -= B .221416x y -=C .y 2−4x 2=2D .2214y x -=10.对于抛物线上218x y =,下列描述正确的是( )A .开口向上,焦点为()0,2B .开口向上,焦点为10,16⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭C .焦点到准线的距离为4D .准线方程为y= -211.若两条平行直线l 1:x -2y +m =0与l 2:2x +ny -6=0之间的距离是25,则m -n 的可能值为( )A .3B .-17C .11D .-912.过定点A 的动直线1l :0x my +=,和过定点B 的动直线2l :30mx y m --+=,P 点为两直线的交点,圆C :()()22243x y -+-=,则下列说法正确的有( ) A .直线2l 过定点()1,3 B .直线2l 以与圆C 相交且最短弦长为1 C .动点P 的轨迹与圆C 相交D .22PA PB +为定值三、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共计20分。
江苏省淮安市淮安区2022-2023学年高二下学期期中调研测试英语试卷
江苏省淮安市淮安区2022-2023学年高二下学期期中调研测试英语试卷学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、阅读理解If you're at the early stages of your career and you're not yet sure the path you want to take but you know you want to help people, you're in the right place. There are so many different ways in which we can have a positive influence through the work we do. So keep reading if you want to learn more about these ways.Family Social WorkerA family social worker role allows you to work directly with young people and families who are going through challenging situations. It's a job that presents great variety and gives you the opportunity to help people repair damaged situations and relationship breakdowns, supporting everyone involved in the way that's best for them moving forward.Defense LawyerIf you have a legal background or it's something you're interested in, entering the field of defense law and helping people who are in need of affordable representation might be the career you're looking for. Lots of people suffer from a lack of adequate legal representation and there are ethical (道德的)lawyers out there who aim to fill that gap for them and provide them with the legal advice and representation they require.Consultant or Youth WorkerConsulting or youth work is an important field of work, and you can get started on that career path with a degree in consulting. These career paths involve guiding and helping young people who are in need of direct support, and it requires a sympathetic nature and the ability to communicate very well. It's certainly an important and worthwhile line of work to enter.Dietician or NutritionistIf you're someone who's interested in health and food, you combine those interests with your desire to help people and pursue a career as a dietician or nutritionist. More and more people are turning to these kinds of specialists in order to live healthier and longer lives. It's a branch of healthcare that's becoming more important and more in demand.1.What's the purpose of the passage?A.To give job information to people who haven't landed jobs.B.To instruct people on how to find a career which interest them.C.To provide career options for people who want to help others.D.To persuade people to combine work with serving the community.2.If you prefer to work with young people, which of the following jobs may interest you?A.Family Social Worker and Defense Lawyer.B.Family Social Worker and Consultant or Youth Worker.C.Consultant or Youth Worker and Dietician or Nutritionist.D.Defense Lawyer and Dietician or Nutritionist.3.What will a defense lawyer do?A.Repair damaged situation and relations.B.Guide people to enter a field of defense law.C.Fill the gap between the rich and the poor.D.Provide people with legal representation and advice.A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I made up my mind to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P. E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”.The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. Shenever minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Make a firm decision, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签). I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.4.How did the author feel a month before the marathon?A.Confident.B.Tired.C.Determined.D.Hopeless. 5.Why did the author mention the P. E. class in his 7th year?A.To share a precious memory.B.To show he was not talented in sports.C.To amuse the readers with a funny story.D.To acknowledge the support of his teacher.6.How was the author’s first marathon?A.He made it.B.He quit halfway.C.He got the first prize.D.He walked to the end.7.What does the story mainly tell us?A.One is never too old to learn.B.Failure is the mother of success.C.A winner is one with a great effort of will.D.A man owes his success to his family support.Consider what goes through your mind after you’ve taken your seat on an airplane. You’ve not seen the captain, but his or her voice comes over the air. “Hello, this is your captain speaking.” Are you about to fly the friendly skies? What you probably don’ realize is that you do make quick judgments (判断) based on very few factors the moment you hear “hello”.Experts have discovered that “hello” carries enough information for listeners to draw judgments about the speakers personality, such as how reliable (可信赖的) he or she is. They recorded 64 students reading a telephone conversation. The word “hello” was then picked from each recording, and 320 different students listened to that word through a computer. The students were asked to score the voices according to personality, including attractiveness and warmth, giving them points from l to 10. Although every voice was played in one third a second, the students formed an opinion quickly.It is amazing that from such short voices of speech they can get such an obviousimpression of a person. And whether it is correct, their impressions are mostly the same as what the other listeners get. The research also suggests that people’ impressions are based on the tone (语调) of voice. Men and women who present the strength of their voices are regarded as more reliable.The speed with which the students made their judgments makes much sense. Deciding who to trust can be important to your survival. There’s no point in listening to someone talk for 5 minutes to decide if they’re reliable or not — you could be dead already. The discovery may help improve computer-made voice technologies, experts say.8.Why does the author mention “the captain” in paragraph 1?A.To present a fact.B.To make a prediction.C.To introduce a new research.D.To explain the rule on a plane. 9.How did the students tell the speakers’ personality?A.Making telephone calls.B.Playing voices at high speeds.C.Picking “hello” from conversations.D.Listening to and scoring the records of “hello”.10.What can we do to leave a good first impression?A.Make a long speech.B.Give powerful voice.C.Follow other listeners.D.Speak as fast as possible.11.What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph?A.The secret to tallying for 5 minutes.B.The different ways you say “hello”.C.The application in voice technologies.D.The method of listening with attention.Social media is taking over our lives: Facebook, Instagram, Twiter and now, TikTok. These social media platforms have transformed from a way to stay connected to an industryopportunistic innovation, it’s really full of hidden false realities.The median income(中位收入) recorded in the United States of America was about $63,000 in 2018. Tiktokers can make anywhere from $50,000 to $150,000 for a TikTok brand partnership, and Tiktokers with over a million followers can make up to $30,000 a month—$360,000 a year,. They are making more than the average person trying to feed their family and keep a roof over their heads, simply by posting a 15-second video.This is mad in more ways than one. Not only is it an overpaid “job”, it promotes undeserved admiration from viewers and a false sense of reality. Many of these famous TikTokers are still teens, and the effects of fame at such an early stage in life might cause issues later in life, such as mental illness. Teens between the ages of 13 and 17 make up 27% of Tiktok viewers, who can be easily influenced by what they are watching. They can put a false sense of self-value into who they look up to and what they represent: money, fame, being considered conventionally attractive.While TikTok has become a great tool for marketing, it’s important to understand how this content affects young viewers. If we’re constantly consuming content that shows us all we need to do to be successful is be conventionally attractive and post a 15-second video featuring a new dance, it will challenge our knowledge of what really makes someone successful and will in turn affect our individual work ethics(伦理). What about the people who miss birthday and family holidays due to their jobs and aren’t getting paid nearly as much as these TikTokers?Richard Colyer, president and creator of Metaphor, Inc, had his own view on this issue. “It sounds great can make money for doing the latest dance moves in a 15-second video, but we should feed the minds of kids and not just their bank accounts. TikTok can be great if used properly. Money alone is not good, technology alone is not good and connectedness can be bad if it’s only online.”Again, as a fellow consumer of Tiktok, I do enjoy the app when I have some time to kill and need a good laugh. I’ m not against someone making a living on entertainment, but what does getting famous of a 15-second video teach young people?12.What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph1 refer to?A.Social networking.B.Making money on social media.C.A job offered by Tiktok.D.Staying connected to the Internet. 13.What do the numbers given in paragraph 2 show?A.TikTokers are earning money easily.B.Tiktokers are richer than average people.C.Most Tiktokers can become millionaires overnight.D.Popular TikTokers earn much more than ordinary workers.14.Which is the possible influence of TikTok on its young users?A.They tend to live an adult life too soon.B.They are forced to pay for certain services.C.They may abandon other social media.D.They are likely to develop false value.15.What can we infer from Richard Colyer’s comments?A.Tiktok can be a positive influence if teens employ it wisely.B.Young TikTokers should be banned from making money.C.It is better to involve education on investment in TikTok videos.D.Contents of videos need checking before their release online.二、七选五With the popularity of electronic devices, you find it harder to tear your children awaya love of reading, as well as the habits of a lifelong reader?First of all, be sure to choose accessible books. Authoritative reading lists are a great guideline for the books you select for your kids. 17 A quick way to assess whether or not a book suits your child is to have them read a page from it. If he or she comes across 2-3 unfamiliar words, that book in general should be at his or her level. This doesn’t mean more challenging books should be thrown aside completely. These books provide a great opportunity for group reading and discussion with a parent. 18Another way is to let your kids have a say in what they want to read. Have them select books based on his or her interest and books they find enjoyable. 19 Such fun books as Captain Underpants, comics, and even the Guinness Book of World Records suit kids’ taste and serve the purpose.Finally, create settings where reading is a natural part of their positive memories. 20 Read while lying on the beach, or snuggle up with family and a beloved book. When associating reading with the happy memories, kids will be much more willing to read at their leisure as they grow older.A.There are endless means of doing this.B.To improve their reading skills is essential.C.Books with top-level difficulty are unavailable.D.Reading is a fantastic way to relax and reduce stress.E.The benefits of reading are beyond question even in the digital age.F.Even so, you’d better single out books appropriate to their reading levels.G.The joint reading sessions are invaluable for your child’s growth as a reader.三、完形填空Careers in science are generally believed to be too complex for students who aren't talented or clever enough, but Seott Kelly, commander of the International Space Station,27.A.gave up B.made up C.formed into D.got into 28.A.possible B.difficult C.easy D.wonderful 29.A.planned B.practiced C.arranged D.exchanged 30.A.Particularly B.Surprisingly C.Fortunately D.Eventually 31.A.principle B.deal C.competition D.compromise 32.A.real B.former C.formal D.last 33.A.commenting B.breaking C.furthering D.making 34.A.apply B.ignore C.return D.handle 35.A.forced B.expected C.equal D.willing四、用单词的适当形式完成短文五、其他应用文46.假定你是李华,与留学生朋友Tom约好一起去书店,因故不能赴约。
2023-2024学年江苏省淮安市高二(上)期中数学试卷【答案版】
2023-2024学年江苏省淮安市高二(上)期中数学试卷一、选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.直线x +√3y +1=0的倾斜角是( ) A .π6B .π3C .2π3D .5π62.已知椭圆的中心在原点,焦点在x 轴上,焦距为2,长轴长是短轴长的√2倍,则该椭圆的标准方程为( ) A .x 22+y 2=1 B .x 28+y 24=1C .y 28+x 24=1 D .y 22+x 2=13.已知抛物线y 2=mx (m >0)的准线方程为x =﹣1,则m 的值为( ) A .1 B .2C .4D .84.双曲线x 2a 2−y 2b 2=1(a >0,b >0)的离心率为√52,则其渐近线方程为( ) A .y =±12x B .y =±2xC .y =±√22x D .y =±√62x5.直线l :√3x −y +3=0被圆C :x 2+(y ﹣1)2=4截得的弦长为( ) A .√5B .2√5C .√3D .2√36.已知点P (m ,n )在圆O :x 2+y 2=6外,则直线mx +ny =6与圆O 的位置关系为( ) A .相交B .相切C .相离D .无法确定7.设抛物线x 2=4y 上一点P 到x 轴的距离为d ,点Q 为圆(x ﹣4)2+(y +2)2=1任一点,则d +|PQ |的最小值为( ) A .2√5−1 B .2C .3D .48.如图,椭圆C :x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0)的右顶点为A ,上顶点为B ,直线OP ⊥AB 且在第一象限交椭圆于P 点,设OP 与AB 的交点为M ,若OM →=52MP →,则椭圆的离心率为( )A .√22B .12C .√32D .34二、选择题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分,有选错的得0分,部分选对的得2分. 9.关于直线l :ax +y +a =0,以下结论正确的有( ) A .a =1时,直线l 在两坐标轴上的截距相等 B .直线l 必过第二象限 C .a <0时,直线l 不过第四象限 D .a >0时,直线l 过第二、三、四象限10.已知⊙C 1:x 2+y 2=1与⊙C 2:(x −5)2+y 2=16,以下结论正确的有( ) A .⊙C 1与⊙C 2有且仅有2条公切线B .若直线l 与⊙C 1、⊙C 2分别切于相异的A ,B 两点,则|AB |=4 C .若M ,N 分别是⊙C 1与⊙C 2上的动点,则|MN |的最大值为10D .⊙C 1与⊙C 2的一条公切线斜率为3411.关于双曲线C :x 24−y 2=1,以下结论正确的有( )A .准线方程为x =±4√33B .焦点到渐近线的距离为1C .与双曲线C 两支各有一个交点的直线斜率的取值范围为(−12,12) D .过点(1,1)有且仅有2条直线与双曲线C 仅有一个公共点12.法国天文学家乔凡尼•多美尼科•卡西尼在研究土星及其卫星的运动规律时,发现了平面内到两个定点的距离之积为常数的点的轨迹,并称之为卡西尼卵形线(Cas sin iOval ).在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,两个定点F 1(﹣2,0),F 2(2,0),曲线C 是到两个定点F 1,F 2的距离之积为t (t >0)的点的轨迹,以下结论正确的有( ) A .曲线C 关于y 轴对称B .曲线C 可能过坐标原点C .P 为曲线C 上任意一点,当t =5时,点P 纵坐标的取值范围为[﹣1,1]D .若曲线C 与椭圆x 29+y 25=1有公共点,则5≤t ≤9三、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.已知直线l 1:(m +2)x ﹣y +2=0与l 2:3x +my ﹣5=0垂直,则m 的值为 .14.已知双曲线C :x 264−y 236=1,双曲线C 上一点P 到一个焦点的距离为17,则P 到另一个焦点的距离为 .15.已知圆C :x 2+y 2﹣2x ﹣4y ﹣45=0上恰有3个点到直线x ﹣y +m =0的距离为2√2,则m = . 16.杭州第19届亚运会的主会场——杭州奥体中心体育场,又称“大莲花”(如图1所示).会场造型取意于杭州丝绸纹理与纺织体系,建筑体态源于钱塘江水的动态,其简笔画如图2所示.一同学初学简笔画,先画了一个椭圆与圆弧的线稿,如图3所示.若椭圆E 的方程为x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0),下顶点为A(0,−12),O 为坐标原点,P 为圆C 上任意一点,满足|PO |=2|P A |,则点C 的坐标为 ;若Q 为椭圆上一动点,当QC 取最大值时,点Q 恰好有两个,则a 的取值范围为 .四、解答题:本大题共6小题,共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17.(10分)已知在△ABC 中,点C (2,﹣1),角A 的角平分线为l 1:x =1,AC 边上的中线所在直线为l 2:y =x −32. (1)求点A 的坐标; (2)求BC 边所在直线方程.18.(12分)已知直线l :x ﹣y ﹣1=0,点A(15,35),B(1,1),D(−1,0),圆C 经过A ,B 两点,且圆心在直线l 上.(1)求圆C 的标准方程;(2)若P 为圆C 上的动点,求PC 2+PD 2的取值范围.19.(12分)已知抛物线C :y 2=2px (p >0),直线l :y =2x ﹣4交抛物线C 于A ,B 两点,AB 中点为M (3,2).(1)求抛物线C 的标准方程;(2)记抛物线C 上一点P (2,m ),m >0,直线P A 斜率为k 1,直线PB 斜率为k 2,求k 1•k 2.20.(12分)在△ABC 中,A (﹣4,1),B (8,5),△ABC 的内心D (6,1). (1)求△ABC 内切圆方程; (2)求△ABC 外接圆方程.21.(12分)已知⊙O :x 2+y 2=4交x 轴于A ,B 两点,P 为⊙O 上位于x 轴上方的动点,将⊙O 上各点的横坐标保持不变,纵坐标变为原来的一半,得到曲线C . (1)求曲线C 的方程;(2)记直线BP 与曲线C 的另一个交点为D ,若∠P AB =2∠DAB ,求△ABD 的面积.22.(12分)已知双曲线E :x 2a 2−y 2b 2=1(a >0,b >0)的左顶点A (﹣2,0),一条渐近线方程为y =√32x .(1)求双曲线E 的标准方程;(2)设双曲线E 的右顶点为B ,P 为直线x =﹣1上的动点,连接P A ,PB 交双曲线于M ,N 两点(异于A ,B ),记直线MN 与x 轴的交点为Q . ①求证:Q 为定点;②直线MN 交直线x =﹣1于点D ,记QD →=λQM →,QD →=μQN →.求证:λ+μ为定值.2023-2024学年江苏省淮安市高二(上)期中数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.直线x +√3y +1=0的倾斜角是( ) A .π6B .π3C .2π3D .5π6解:设直线的倾斜角为α,由题意直线的斜率为−√33,即tan α=−√33,所以α=5π6故选:D .2.已知椭圆的中心在原点,焦点在x 轴上,焦距为2,长轴长是短轴长的√2倍,则该椭圆的标准方程为( ) A .x 22+y 2=1 B .x 28+y 24=1C .y 28+x 24=1D .y 22+x 2=1解:由题意,设椭圆的标准方程为x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0),半焦距为c ,由题意可得:{2c =22a =√2×2b a 2=b 2+c 2,解得{a =√2c =1b =1,所以椭圆的标准方程为x 22+y 2=1.故选:A .3.已知抛物线y 2=mx (m >0)的准线方程为x =﹣1,则m 的值为( ) A .1B .2C .4D .8解:由题意可知:−m 4=−1,解得m =4. 故选:C . 4.双曲线x 2a 2−y 2b 2=1(a >0,b >0)的离心率为√52,则其渐近线方程为( ) A .y =±12x B .y =±2xC .y =±√22x D .y =±√62x解:由题意可得ca=√52, 所以c 2a 2=54⇒b 2+a 2a 2=54⇒b 2a 2=14⇒b a=12,所以渐近线方程为y =±12x .故选:A.5.直线l:√3x−y+3=0被圆C:x2+(y﹣1)2=4截得的弦长为()A.√5B.2√5C.√3D.2√3解:由圆C:x2+(y﹣1)2=4,得圆心C(0,1),半径r=2,=1,所以圆心C(0,1)到直线l的距离为d=3+1所以直线l被圆C截得的弦长为2√r2−d2=2×√4−1=2√3.故选:D.6.已知点P(m,n)在圆O:x2+y2=6外,则直线mx+ny=6与圆O的位置关系为()A.相交B.相切C.相离D.无法确定解:由点P(m,n)在圆O:x2+y2=6外,得:m2+n2>6,|6|圆心O(0,0)到直线的距离d=√6,√m2+n2所以直线mx+ny=6与圆O相交,故A项正确.故选:A.7.设抛物线x2=4y上一点P到x轴的距离为d,点Q为圆(x﹣4)2+(y+2)2=1任一点,则d+|PQ|的最小值为()A.2√5−1B.2C.3D.4解:因为x2=2×2y,则抛物线焦点坐标为(0,1),准线方程为y=﹣1,则d+1=|PF|,即d=|PF|﹣1,所以d +|PQ |=|PF |﹣1+|PQ |,则要使其最小,则需|PF |+|PQ |最小, 因为圆(x ﹣4)2+(y +2)2=1的圆心为(4,﹣2),半径r =1, 所以d +|PQ|=|PF|−1+|PQ|≥√42+(−2−1)2−1−r =3. 故选:C . 8.如图,椭圆C :x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0)的右顶点为A ,上顶点为B ,直线OP ⊥AB 且在第一象限交椭圆于P 点,设OP 与AB 的交点为M ,若OM →=52MP →,则椭圆的离心率为( )A .√22B .12C .√32D .34解:设椭圆C :x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0)的右顶点A (a ,0),上顶点B (0,b ), 则k AB =−ba ,且直线AB 为y =−ba x +b , 由OP ⊥AB 可得k OP =ab , 所以直线OP 为y =abx , 联立{y =−ba x +b y =ab x , 解得{ x =ab 2a 2+b 2y =a 2b a 2+b 2, 即M(ab2a 2+b2,a 2ba 2+b2),因为OM →=52MP →,所以P(75(ab 2a 2+b 2),75(a 2ba 2+b2)),将P 代入椭圆方程x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1化简得49(a 4+b 4)=25(a 2+b 2)2,即12a 4﹣25a 2b 2+12b 4=0, 所以a 2=43b 2或a 2=34b 2(舍去),所以a2=43(a2−c2),即a2=4c2,所以离心率e=ca=√c2a2=12.故选:B.二、选择题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分,有选错的得0分,部分选对的得2分.9.关于直线l:ax+y+a=0,以下结论正确的有()A.a=1时,直线l在两坐标轴上的截距相等B.直线l必过第二象限C.a<0时,直线l不过第四象限D.a>0时,直线l过第二、三、四象限解:对于A,a=1时,l的方程化为y=﹣x﹣1,令x=0得直线l的纵截距为﹣1,令y=0得直线l的横截距为﹣1,即直线l在两坐标轴上的截距相等,正确;对于B,当a=0时,l:y=0,直线不过第二象限,错误;对于C,a<0时,将l的方程化为y=﹣ax﹣a=﹣a(x+1),所以不论a为何值,直线l恒过定点(﹣1,0),令x=0得直线l的纵截距为﹣a>0,且直线斜率﹣a>0,所以直线l不过第四象限,正确;对于D,a>0时,直线l的斜率﹣a<0,令x=0得直线l的纵截距为﹣a<0,直线l恒过定点(﹣1,0),所以直线l过第二、三、四象限,正确.故选:ACD .10.已知⊙C 1:x 2+y 2=1与⊙C 2:(x −5)2+y 2=16,以下结论正确的有( ) A .⊙C 1与⊙C 2有且仅有2条公切线B .若直线l 与⊙C 1、⊙C 2分别切于相异的A ,B 两点,则|AB |=4 C .若M ,N 分别是⊙C 1与⊙C 2上的动点,则|MN |的最大值为10D .⊙C 1与⊙C 2的一条公切线斜率为34解:由题意可知:⊙C 1的圆心O (0,0),半径r 1=1,⊙C 2的圆心C 2(5,0),半径r 2=4, 对于选项A :因为|OC 2|=5=r 1+r 2,则⊙C 1与⊙C 2外切, 所以⊙C 1与⊙C 2有且仅有3条公切线,故A 错误;对于选项B 、D :若直线l 与⊙C 1、⊙C 2分别切于相异的A ,B 两点,显然直线l 的斜率存在且不为0, 根据对称性,不妨设直线l 的与x 轴交点为E ,斜率为k >0,如图所示, 连接OA ,C 2B ,过O 作OF ⊥C 2B ,垂足为F ,可知四边形OABF 为矩形,且|OA |=|BF |=1,|C 2F |=|C 2B |﹣|BF |=3, 在Rt △OC 2F 中,可得|OF|=√|OC 2|2−|C 2F|2=4,tan∠C 2OF =|C 2F||OF|=34, 所以|AB |=|OF |=4,直线AB 的斜率k =tan ∠C 2OF =34,故B 、D 正确, 对于选项C :因为|MN |≤|MC 2|+r 2≤|OC 2|+r 1+r 2=10, 当且仅当M ,N ,O ,C 2四点共线时,等号成立, 所以|MN |的最大值为10,故C 正确. 故选:BCD .11.关于双曲线C :x 24−y 2=1,以下结论正确的有( )A .准线方程为x =±4√33B .焦点到渐近线的距离为1C .与双曲线C 两支各有一个交点的直线斜率的取值范围为(−12,12) D .过点(1,1)有且仅有2条直线与双曲线C 仅有一个公共点 解:对于A :由双曲线C :x 24−y 2=1, 可知a 2=4,b 2=1,所以c 2=a 2+b 2=5,所以c =√5,所以准线方程为直线x =±a 2c =±45√5,A 错误;对于B :由双曲线C :x 24−y 2=1, 可知a 2=4,b 2=1,则双曲线渐近线为y =±x 2,即为x ±2y =0, 设右焦点为F(√5,0),则右焦点到其中一条渐近线的距离为d =|√5|√1+2=1,B 正确;对于C :由B 知道渐近线的斜率为k =±12,所以要使得左右支各有一个交点, 需满足直线更“平坦”,所以斜率k ∈(−12,0)∪[0,12),即为(−12,12),C 正确; 对于D :由B 知双曲线渐近线为y =±x 2,点(1,1)不在直线上, 且点(1,1)在双曲线C :x 24−y 2=1外面,所以过点(1,1)可以作2条与渐近线平行的直线和与左右支相切的直线各一条, 所以一共有4条直线过点(1,1)且与双曲线只有一个交点,D 错误. 故选:BC .12.法国天文学家乔凡尼•多美尼科•卡西尼在研究土星及其卫星的运动规律时,发现了平面内到两个定点的距离之积为常数的点的轨迹,并称之为卡西尼卵形线(Cas sin iOval ).在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,两个定点F 1(﹣2,0),F 2(2,0),曲线C 是到两个定点F 1,F 2的距离之积为t (t >0)的点的轨迹,以下结论正确的有( ) A .曲线C 关于y 轴对称B .曲线C 可能过坐标原点C .P 为曲线C 上任意一点,当t =5时,点P 纵坐标的取值范围为[﹣1,1]D .若曲线C 与椭圆x 29+y 25=1有公共点,则5≤t ≤9解:令曲线C 上任意点为(x ,y ),则√(x +2)2+y 2⋅√(x −2)2+y 2=t (t >0),将(﹣x ,y )代入得√(−x +2)2+y 2⋅√(−x −2)2+y 2=√(x −2)2+y 2⋅√(x +2)2+y 2=t ,所以曲线C 关于y 轴对称,A 对;当√(x +2)2+y 2⋅√(x −2)2+y 2=t =4,显然(0,0)在曲线上,B 对; 当√(x +2)2+y 2⋅√(x −2)2+y 2=t =5,若x =﹣2,则√y 2⋅√16+y 2=5, 所以y 2(16+y 2)=25⇒y 4+16y 2﹣25=0,则y 2=√89−8, 此时y 2−1=√89−9=√89−√81>0,即y 2>1, 故点P 纵坐标范围不为[﹣1,1],C 错; 由x 29+y 25=1,则y 2=5(1−x 29), 故t =√(x +2)2+5(1−x 29)⋅√(x −2)2+5(1−x 29)=19√(2x +9)2⋅√(2x −9)2=|4x 2−81|9=t >0,所以x 29=9±t 4,而0≤x 29≤1,即{9−t 4≥09−t 4≤1或{9+t4≥09+t 4≤1, 所以5≤t ≤9或﹣9≤t ≤﹣5(舍), 故曲线C 与x 29+y 25=1有公共点,则5≤t ≤9,D 对.故选:ABD .三、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.已知直线l 1:(m +2)x ﹣y +2=0与l 2:3x +my ﹣5=0垂直,则m 的值为 ﹣3 . 解:因为直线l 1:(m +2)x ﹣y +2=0与l 2:3x +my ﹣5=0垂直, 所以3(m +2)﹣m =0,解得m =﹣3. 故答案为:﹣3.14.已知双曲线C :x 264−y 236=1,双曲线C 上一点P 到一个焦点的距离为17,则P 到另一个焦点的距离为 33 .解:由双曲线方程可知a =8,b =6,c =√a 2+b 2=10, 设双曲线C 的左、右焦点分别为F 1,F 2,则|F 1F 2|=20, 根据对称性不妨设|PF 2|=17,由双曲线定义可得||PF 1|﹣|PF 2||=||PF 1|﹣17|=16,解得|PF 1|=33或|PF 1|=1, 若|PF 1|=33,可知33+17>20,33+20>17,20+17>33,符合题意; 若|PF 1|=1,可知1+17<20,不符合题意; 综上所述:P 到另一个焦点的距离为33.故答案为:33.15.已知圆C :x 2+y 2﹣2x ﹣4y ﹣45=0上恰有3个点到直线x ﹣y +m =0的距离为2√2,则m = 7或﹣5 . 解:由圆C :x 2+y 2﹣2x ﹣4y ﹣45=0,即(x ﹣1)2+(y ﹣2)2=50, 所以圆心C (1,2),半径r =5√2,因为圆C 上恰有3个点到直线x ﹣y +m =0的距离为2√2, 所以圆心C (1,2)到直线x ﹣y +m =0的距离为3√2, 所以22=3√2,解得m =7或﹣5.故答案为:7或﹣5.16.杭州第19届亚运会的主会场——杭州奥体中心体育场,又称“大莲花”(如图1所示).会场造型取意于杭州丝绸纹理与纺织体系,建筑体态源于钱塘江水的动态,其简笔画如图2所示.一同学初学简笔画,先画了一个椭圆与圆弧的线稿,如图3所示.若椭圆E 的方程为x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0),下顶点为A(0,−12),O 为坐标原点,P 为圆C 上任意一点,满足|PO |=2|P A |,则点C 的坐标为 (0,−23) ;若Q 为椭圆上一动点,当QC 取最大值时,点Q 恰好有两个,则a 的取值范围为 (√216,+∞) .解:设P (x ,y ),由|PO |=2|P A |得√x 2+y 2=2√x 2+(y +12)2, 化简得x 2+(y +23)2=19, ∴C(0,−23); 椭圆E 的方程是x 2a 2+y 214=1,设Q(acosθ,12sinθ),θ∈[0,2π],则|QC|=√a 2cos 2θ+(12sinθ+23)2=√(14−a 2)sin 2θ+23sinθ+49+a 2, 令t =sin θ,t ∈[﹣1,1],则|QC|=√(14−a 2)t 2+23t +49+a 2,依题意,Q 点在x 轴上方,且关于y 轴对称, 因此|QC |取最大值时,对应的t ∈(0,1), 当t =−232(14−a 2)=43(4a 2−1)时,|QC |取得最大值,且0<43(4a 2−1)<1,又a >12, 因此可解得a >√216.故答案为:(0,−23);(√216,+∞).四、解答题:本大题共6小题,共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17.(10分)已知在△ABC 中,点C (2,﹣1),角A 的角平分线为l 1:x =1,AC 边上的中线所在直线为l 2:y =x −32. (1)求点A 的坐标; (2)求BC 边所在直线方程.解:(1)设A (1,t ),由题意知A ,C 的中点(32,t−12)在直线l 2上, 则有t−12=0,t =1,∴A 点坐标为(1,1).(2)由题意知C 关于l 1的对称点C ′(0,﹣1)在直线AB 上, 则有边AB 所在直线方程为y+12=x ,即2x ﹣y ﹣1=0.联立l 2方程有{2x −y −1=0y =x −32,解得B(−12,−2), 又∵C (2,﹣1),则k BC =−1+22+12=25,则BC 所在直线方程为y +1=25(x −2), 即BC 所在直线方程为2x ﹣5y ﹣9=0.18.(12分)已知直线l :x ﹣y ﹣1=0,点A(15,35),B(1,1),D(−1,0),圆C 经过A ,B 两点,且圆心在直线l 上.(1)求圆C 的标准方程;(2)若P 为圆C 上的动点,求PC 2+PD 2的取值范围. 解:(1)设圆心C (m ,m ﹣1),因为圆C 经过A ,B 两点,所以√(m −15)2+(m −1−35)2=√(m −1)2+(m −1−1)2,解得m =1,故圆心为C (1,0), 故半径为√(1−1)2+(1−2)2=1, 所以圆C 的标准方程为(x ﹣1)2+y 2=1; (2)设P (1+cos θ,sin θ),则PC 2+PD 2=(1+cos θ﹣1)2+(sin θ﹣0)2+(1+cos θ+1)2+(sin θ﹣0)2 =2cos 2θ+2sin 2θ+4cos θ+4=4cos θ+6,当cos θ=1时,PC 2+PD 2取得最大值,最大值为10, 当cos θ=﹣1时,PC 2+PD 2取得最小值,最小值为2, 故PC 2+PD 2的取值范围是[2,10].19.(12分)已知抛物线C :y 2=2px (p >0),直线l :y =2x ﹣4交抛物线C 于A ,B 两点,AB 中点为M (3,2).(1)求抛物线C 的标准方程;(2)记抛物线C 上一点P (2,m ),m >0,直线P A 斜率为k 1,直线PB 斜率为k 2,求k 1•k 2.解:(1)不妨设A (x 1,y 1),B (x 2,y 2), 因为A ,B 两点在抛物线C 上,所以{y 12=2px 1y 22=2px 2,两式作差得y 12−y 22=2p(x 1−x 2)=(y 1+y 2)(y 1−y 2),①因为A ,B 均在直线l 上,所以y 1−y 2x 1−x 2=2,又AB 中点为M (3,2), 此时y 1+y 2=4,② 联立①②,解得p =4.则抛物线C 的标准方程为y 2=8x ;(2)已知P (2,m ),m >0为抛物线C 上一点, 所以m 2=8×2, 解得m =4, 即P (2,4), 不妨设A (y 128,y 1),B (y 228,y 2),此时k 1=y 1−4y 128−2=8y 1+4, 同理得k 2=8y 2+4, 所以k 1⋅k 2=8y 1+4⋅8y 2+4=64y 1y 2+4(y 1+y 2)+16,③联立{y =2x −4y 2=8x ,消去x 并整理得y 2﹣4y ﹣16=0,由韦达定理得{y 1+y 2=4y 1y 2=−16,④联立③④, 解得k 1•k 2=4.20.(12分)在△ABC 中,A (﹣4,1),B (8,5),△ABC 的内心D (6,1). (1)求△ABC 内切圆方程; (2)求△ABC 外接圆方程.解:(1)由A (﹣4,1),B (8,5)可得直线AB 方程为:y −1=5−18−(−4)(x +4),即x ﹣3y +7=0,所以D (6,1)到x ﹣3y +7=0的距离为d =|6−3+7|√1+(−3)=√10,因此△ABC 内切圆的半径为√10,圆心为D (6,1), 所以内切圆方程为(x ﹣6)2+(y ﹣1)2=10;(2)设直线AB 与内切圆相切于点M ,内切圆半径为r ,连接AD ,BD ,DM , 由于AB =√(−4−8)2+(1−5)2=4√10,而且AM =√AD 2−r 2=√102−(√10)2=3√10,所以BM =AB −AM =√10=r , 所以∠ABD =45°,由于BD 平分∠ABC ,所以∠ABC =2∠ABD =90°,因此AB ⊥BC , 所以△ABC 为以B 为直角的直角三角形, 由k AB =5−18−(−4)=13,则k BC =−1k AB =−3,BC 方程为y =﹣3(x ﹣8)+5,又AD ∥x 轴,所以直线AB ,AC 关于AD 对称,因此k AC =−k AB =−13, 因此直线AC 方程为y =−13(x +4)+1,联立AC ,BC 的方程{y =−13(x +4)+1y =−3(x −8)+5,解得{x =11y =−4,故C (11,﹣4),因此AC 的中点坐标为(72,−32),且为外接圆圆心, 外接圆的半径为12AC =12√(−4−11)2+(1+4)2=5√102, 故外接圆方程为(x −72)2+(y +32)2=1252.21.(12分)已知⊙O :x 2+y 2=4交x 轴于A ,B 两点,P 为⊙O 上位于x 轴上方的动点,将⊙O 上各点的横坐标保持不变,纵坐标变为原来的一半,得到曲线C . (1)求曲线C 的方程;(2)记直线BP 与曲线C 的另一个交点为D ,若∠P AB =2∠DAB ,求△ABD 的面积.解:(1)不妨设所求曲线C 上任一点的坐标为(x ,y ), 圆O 上的对应点的坐标为(x 0,y 0),若将⊙O 上各点的横坐标保持不变,纵坐标变为原来的一半, 此时{x 0=x y 0=2y ,又x 02+y 02=4,所以x 2+4y 2=4, 则曲线C 的方程为x 24+y 2=1;(2)不妨设D(m ,n),k AD =n m+2,k BD =nm−2, 此时k PA =2−mn, 若∠P AB =2∠DAB , 可得2−m n=2n m+21−n 2(m+2)2,整理得(2−m)(1−n 2(m+2)2)=2n 2m+2,① 因为点D 在曲线C 上, 所以m 24+n 2=1,②联立①②,解得m =−23或m =﹣2(舍去), 当m =−23时,n =±23√2,故△ABD 的面积S =12×4×23√2=43√2. 22.(12分)已知双曲线E :x 2a 2−y 2b 2=1(a >0,b >0)的左顶点A (﹣2,0),一条渐近线方程为y =√32x .(1)求双曲线E 的标准方程;(2)设双曲线E 的右顶点为B ,P 为直线x =﹣1上的动点,连接P A ,PB 交双曲线于M ,N 两点(异于A ,B ),记直线MN 与x 轴的交点为Q . ①求证:Q 为定点;②直线MN 交直线x =﹣1于点D ,记QD →=λQM →,QD →=μQN →.求证:λ+μ为定值.解:(1)因为椭圆C 的左顶点A (﹣2,0), 所以a =2,又椭圆C 的一条渐近线方程为y =√32x , 可得ba =√32, 即b =√3,则双曲线E 的标准方程为x 24−y 23=1;(2)①证明:由(1)知,A (﹣2,0),B (2,0), 不妨设P (﹣1,m ),因为连接P A ,PB 交双曲线于M ,N 两点(异于A ,B ), 所以m ≠0,因为双曲线渐近线为y =±√32x ,所以{m−0−1−2≠±√32m−0−1+2≠±√32, 解得m ≠±3√32且m ≠±√32, 此时直线PA :y−0m−0=x+2−1+2, 即y =m (x +2),联立{y =m(x +2)x 24−y 23=1,消去y 并整理得(3﹣4m 2)x 2﹣16m 2x ﹣16m 2﹣12=0,由韦达定理得−2⋅x M=−16m 2−123−4m 2,所以x M =8m 2+63−4m 2,此时y M =m(8m 2+63−4m 2+2)=12m3−4m 2, 同理得直线PB :y−0m−0=x−2−1−2, 即y =−m3(x −2),联立{y =−m3(x −2)x 24−y 23=1,消去y 并整理得(27﹣4m 2)x 2+16m 2x ﹣16m 2﹣108=0,由韦达定理得2x N =−16m 2−10827−4m 2,所以x N =−8m 2−5427−4m 2,此时y N =−m 3(−8m 2−5427−4m 2−2)=36m27−4m 2, 此时直线MN 的方程为y−12m3−4m 236m 27−4m 2−12m3−4m 2=x−8m 2+63−4m 2−8m 2−5427−4m 2−8m 2+63−4m 2, 令y =0, 此时13−4m 213−4m 2−327−4m 2=x−8m 2+63−4m 2−8m 2−5427−4m 2−8m 2+63−4m 2, 解得x =128n 4+192n 2−216−32n 4−48n 2+54=−4,则Q 点坐标为(﹣4,0),为定值; ②证明:由①知x Q =−4,x D =−1,x M =8m 2+63−4m 2,x N=−8m 2−5427−4m 2, 因为QD →=λQM →,QD →=μQN →,所以x D ﹣x Q =λ(x M ﹣x Q ),x D ﹣x Q =μ(x N ﹣x Q ), 即−1+4=λ(8m 2+63−4m 2+4),−1+4=μ(−8m 2−5427−4m 2+4),解得λ=9−12m 218−8m 2,μ=27−4m 218−8m 2,故λ+μ=9−12m 218−8m 2+27−4m 218−8m 2=36−16m 218−8m 2=2.。
江苏省淮安市淮安区2022-2023学年高二上学期期中语文试题(原卷版)
2022~2023学年度第一学期期中调研测试试题高二语文一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成下列小题。
材料一:近年来,“国潮”悄然兴起,并刮起强烈风暴。
在天猫上搜索“国潮”,会出现各种贴着“国潮”标签的服装;在微博上搜索“国潮”,会找到上千个起名“国潮”的博主。
可见“国潮”已成为一种时尚,不仅是年轻人追逐的潮流,也是商家营销的卖点。
尽管“国潮”如此火爆,但人们对“国潮”的定义却莫衷一是。
有人把“国潮”理解为“中国本土设计师及主理人创立的潮流品牌”,所以网络上大量以“国潮”为关键词的文章讨论的仅仅是时尚潮牌,理解相对片面。
还有人认为“国潮”是以品牌为载体,既能满足年轻消费者个性的张扬及其对时尚的追求。
又是对传统文化自然回归而产生的一种流行现象。
它相对全面地概括了“国潮”所包含的基本要素:中国、品牌、潮流和文化。
“国潮”的字面释义虽简单明了,但其内涵却丰富多维。
从表现形式看,“国潮”既可以是体现中国文化的复古中国风,也可以是展现国际潮流的创新中国风。
中国元素在传统与现代的碰撞中巧妙结合,形成灿烂多姿的时尚潮流。
从载体看,“国潮”既有以实物产品为载体的中国创造之潮流。
也有以文化现象为载体的中国文化之潮流,比如汉服文化的兴起等。
从影响范围看,不仅本土的时尚品牌纷纷爆红,而且其他领域的国产品牌也逐渐被国人所接受和喜爱;不仅华为、李宁等中国新制造在国际社会受到人们的追捧,而且许多中华老字号也得到越来越多消费者的青睐。
“国潮”的迅速火爆看似是一种偶然的社会现象,其实是中国经济快速发展的必然结果,其背后有着经济、文化等多方面的动因。
“国潮”热标志着产业结构得到了优化,高品质国货赢得了市场,中国制造已经进军全球中高端产业链。
“中国速度”正在向“中国质量”转变,中国经济在转型中实现了成功起跳。
现在,从一定程度上看,中国制造不缺少高质量的产品,不缺少创新能力,也不缺少具有竞争力的价格,缺少的是中国品牌的影响力和认知度。
2022-2023学年江苏省淮安市高二(下)期中英语试卷(含答案)
2022-2023学年江苏省淮安市高二(下)期中英语试卷一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题,共37.5分)ABroadcom MASTERS (Math,Applied Science,Technology and Engineering for Rising Stars),a program of Society for Science & the Public,is a national science competition for middle school students.Here are four award winners this year. Rachel Bergey,14,in Harleysville,Pennsylvania,won the ﹩10,000 Lemelson Award for Invention,awarded by The Lemelson Foundation to a young inventor creating promising solutions to real-world problems.Rachel developed a trap made of tinfoil (锡纸)and netting for the Spotted Lanternflfly (斑点灯笼蝇),a species causing damage to trees in Pennsylvania.Alaina Gassler,14,in West Grove,Pennsylvania,won the ﹩25,000 Samueli Foundation Prize for her project reducing blind spots in cars.She designed a system that can display anything that might block the driver's line of sight.Alaina was inspired to create her device after seeing her mother struggle with blind spots intheir family automobile.Sidor Clare,14,in Sandy,Utah,won the ﹩10,000 Marconi/Samueli Award for Innovation,an honor made possible by Samueli's generous donation of his 2012 Marconi Society Prize Award.Sidor developed bricks that could one day be made on Mars,so that humans would not be required to bring building materials in order to build there.Alexis MacAvoy,14,in Hillsborough,California,won the ﹩10,000 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Award for Health Advancement,recognizing her hard work and excellent performance in health-related fields.Alexis designed a water filter (过滤器)using carbon to remove heavy metals from water.The winners were selected by a group of distinguished scientists,engineers and educators.Each winner's school will receive ﹩1,000 from Broadcom MASTERS to benefit their science programs.1. Why did Rachel invent a trap?______A. To catch Spotted Lanternflies.B. To prevent traffic accidents.C. To beautify Pennsylvania.D. To grow green plants.2. Whose invention is related to space?______A. Rachel Bergey's.B. Alaina Gassler's.C. Sidor Clare's.D. Alexis MacAvoy's.3. What do we know about Alexis MacAvoy?______A. She was encouraged by other scientists.B. She paid more attention to health.C. She was a productive inventor.D. She received the largest award.BSustained Silent Reading (SSR) is the practice of providing a short period of class time for students to read silently whatever they choose according to their interests. SSR programs can be offered at actually any grade level. However, it takes a great deal of time, effort, and know-how to put a successful SSR program into operation. I firstrecognized this when I was a high school teacher twenty years ago. Though some of my students were happy to be allowed to select and read books in class, many never truly dived into their reading. I knew that there must be ways to improve the implementation (实施) of my SSR program, but I wasn't sure what they were. Years later, when I returned to the University of Southern California, I began analyzing a large sample of SSR studies to determine what made them effective and found that successful programs shared five key factors: easy access to reading materials, sufficiently interesting materials, teachers' encouragement, follow-up activities and reading at least twice a week.In fact, only when teachers follow specific guidelines do these programs achieve their full potential. Having learned this, I decided to create an "ideal" SSR program for my students by employing the five factors above. At the same time, another high school in our district also made the decision to offer students SSR time each day. However, having no knowledge of the five factors, the teachers simply asked their students to "read anything for fifteen minutes".The result was that the students at my school outperformed (胜过) the other school in four areas: reading comprehension, positive attitudes toward reading, frequency of after-school pleasure reading, and use of a wider range of reading sources. I shared my findings with the other school's staff members. Since then, both schools have experienced the positive benefits of SSR.Today, I have given many lectures at a wide variety of schools where teachers are eager to learn "how-to" methods for developing programs that will motivate their students to become hooked on reading. They ask a variety of excellent questions andI have never been bored of answering them.4. What do we know about the SSR program from Paragraph 1?A. It's an after-class reading program.B. It suits students of all grade levels.C. It requires teachers to select books according to their interest.D. It's easy to conduct the SSR program successfully in practice.5. Years later the author's studies of SSR showed that ______.A. fifteen minutes' reading a week was enough.B. successful SSR programs relied on five key factors.C. easy reading materials made SSR programs effective.D. students' potential could be achieved through reading.6. The author's "ideal" SSR program helps his students perform better in ______.A. positive life attitudesB. great interest in studyingC. understanding abilities in readingD. owning wider studying sources7. The author writes the passage to ______.A. introduce his specific progress in studying SSRB. tell readers about his SSR teaching experienceC. talk about his confusion about teaching readingD. share the "how-to" of Sustained Silent ReadingCA 16-year-old boy wanted to throw a party for his birthday.He didn't ask for favors from his friends or themed decorations.Instead,he held the celebration on Roblox.On the digital platform,which allows users to play and create a multitude of games,the boy threw himself a party to which he invited not just friends from school and Twitter,but also fans of the game.For netizens,the idea of the "metaverse" — a sort of 3 D sequel (续篇)to today's 2 D internet,in which users work,play,buy and sell inside immersive virtual worlds — has become the Latest Next Big Thing.This is just the beginning,however.A fully-fledged metaverse will help revolutionize several key sectors such as business,education,and science.In China,for instance,Alibaba has built a VR shopping mall that specializes in helping both vendors and buyers to essentially "shop" inside an online virtual store.How a metaverse can be used in education?Teachers will be able to hold online classes in a virtual classroom,where students can discuss with each other using their avatars (化身).Students will also no longer need to leave the house to visit museums around the world;they could simply walk into one in the metaverse instead.Finally,scientists will be able to explore and conduct experiments in a virtual lab,which is something that has never been done before.If the metaverse is essentially an extension of the Internet we currently have,one only has to think about the countless problems that we have yet to solve in our online existence — hacking,catfishing,harassment,hate speech — to see how truly dangerous a future on the metaverse could be.For now,though,everything is in the early stages.The evolution of the metaverse —if it happens at all — will be fought among tech giants for the next decade,or maybe even longer.8. Why does the author mention "a 16-year-old boy" in Paragraph 1?______A. To explain a rule.B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact.D. To make a prediction.9. What can people do in the metaverse?______A. Browse and buy goods in a physical store.B. Build a community in a 3 D environment.C. Explore and conduct experiments in a real lab.D. Communicate and interact with others face to face.10. What is the author's attitude to the metaverse?______A. Favourable.B. Intolerant.C. Objective.D. Pessimistic11. What can we know about the metaverse?______A. We have lived in the metaverse.B. The metaverse is the early stage of the Internet.C. The future of the metaverse is only dependent on tech giants.D. There is a long way to go before the metaverse becomes completely developed.DDrinking coffee as soon as one wakes up from a night's sleep greatly affects metabolism (新陈代谢)and blood sugar responses.Scientists published this in theBritish Journal of Nutrition.In the study,the UK researchers let 29 healthy men and women take part in three different overnight experiments.In the first two scenes,participants were given a sugary drink upon waking first from a normal night's sleep,and then again after a greatly disturbed night's sleep.In the third,their sleep was similar,but they were given a strong black coffee 30 minutes before having the sugary drink.Blood samples from participants were taken following the sugary drinking each experiment.Results showed that one night of disturbed sleep did not worsen the participants' blood sugar responses at breakfast when compared to a normal night of sleep.However,strong black coffee consumed before breakfast increased the blood sugar response by around 50 percent.By drinking such kind of drink after breakfast,UK researchers found that our bodies' ability to break down our food healthily is completely improved.Examining the effects of broken sleep and morning coffee through a range of different metabolic markers,researchers found that,while one night of poor sleep had a limited effect on metabolism,drinking coffee before breakfast could have a negative effect on blood sugar control."We know that nearly half of us will wake in the morning and,before doing anything else,drink coffee-the more tired we feel,the stronger the coffee is.This study is important and has far-reaching health influences,and it indeed shakes some coffee drinkers.Up to now we have had limited knowledge about what this is doing to our bodies,in particular for our metabolic and blood sugar control,so we have a long way to go. " said Professor James Bette,co-director of the Centre for Nutrition at the University of Bath.12. How did the UK researchers get the result of the experiment?______A. By theoretical analysis.B. By comparative experiments.C. By doing questionnaires.D. By consulting journals.13. What can we learn from the experiment?______A. A poor night sleep surely affects blood sugar responses.B. Drinking coffee after breakfast does much harm to health.C. Having strong drinks has a good effect on one's metabolism.D. Drinking coffee at different time has different effects on health.14. What does James Bette think of the study?______A. It makes no sense.B. It is limited and blind.C. It remains to be continued.D. It is particular and precise.15. What is the text mainly about?______A. Harms of drinking coffee before breakfast.B. What weakens ones' blood sugar responses.C. How much coffee one should drink a day.D. The effective procedure for blood sugar control.二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题,共12.5分)Everyone has a name and it is said that the name is important for the whole life of the person.(1)______ There are some factors that should be considered.Other than the sex difference,the other significant difference of children's names isbetween modern and traditional names. (2)______ It has been used for quite a long time,like George or Elizabeth.A modern name is one that is usually made-up,which seems to be creative or meaningful,like Jayden or Dallas.(3)______ Many parents need their kids to have traditional names.Picking a traditional name has always been a protected decision for parents,because it is more normal and acknowledged as "would be expected" names.But one of the disadvantages is that traditional names are too normal and usually used by many people. (4)______ Modern names are more popular now than before.Many parents are making progress towards the uniqueness they want to bring to their kids.However,some parents don't care for the modern names because they are difficult to pronounce and surprisingly harder to spell. (5)______ It may take a long time to remember the modern name of a person.Picking a name for a child is parents' advantage and duty.Do try to pick a good name for your kid,which will influence him or her greatly.A.Choose a powerful name for your kid.B.A traditional name is one that is broadly known.C.It's also rather difficult to be remembered by others.D.A child may discover he's not the only "John" in a class.E.Naming a child actually depends on the parents' intention.F.Many children have childhood names given by their parents.G.Therefore,picking one name for a child is anything but simple.16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G三、完形填空(本大题共15小题,共15.0分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2022-2023学年淮安市高二语文下学期期中联考试题卷附答案解析
2022-2023学年淮安市高二语文下学期期中联考试题卷全卷满分150分,考试时间150分钟。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题,17分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
材料一:新冠病毒导致很多患者嗅觉失灵,这是一个医学事实,也是一个有哲学“味道”的事件。
新冠病毒感染鼻腔导致炎症,进而损害神经细胞。
可用于向嗅球发送气味信号的轴突的数量急剧减少,进而引起患者的嗅觉感知减弱或完全丧失。
新冠病毒大流行精准打击了现代社会系统。
全球化模式下,新冠病毒“使各地的医疗系统、社会管理系统、经济运作和相关物质资源系统猝不及防而陷入困境,使传染病由单纯的疾病问题变成了社会、政治和经济互相叠加的问题"。
不仅如此,嗅觉失灵还标志着现代系统“祛魅”的再度深化。
“眼耳鼻舌身”对应着“视听嗅味触”的感知体验,视觉和听觉关联着光波和声波的“形式”,通常能如实表征环境中的对象和属性。
相比之下,味道至今仍是可疑之"魅":嗅觉、味觉和触觉三种感知模态相互作用,环境中的化学“质料”与主观心理预期发生互动,才让我们拥有丰富的味道体验。
味觉是奇特的,因为舌头能提供的,只有咸、甜、酸、苦、鲜和金属味。
然而我们在品尝美食时,却能感知松脆的酥饼、软糯的玉米和甜腻的蛋糕。
舌头没有酥饼、玉米或蛋糕的味觉感受器,这些可识别的味道,也不能从基本风味中炮制出来。
味觉的感知对象是“风味”而非“味道”。
丰富的味道,必须借助触觉和嗅觉。
嗅觉与视听感知系统不同,嗅觉受体直接接触环境,不仅是环境物质进入身体的“守门人”,在寻求配偶、躲避危险、调节情绪和唤醒记忆等方面,嗅觉更是起着关键作用。
心理学上有一种“普鲁斯特现象”,说的是气味能够唤醒久远的回忆。
嗅觉是唯一不经丘脑直接投射到杏仁核的感知系统,气味记忆因而持久不衰,这大概是普鲁斯特现象形成的原因。
难怪诗人北岛会写道:关于北京,首先让我感到的是气味儿,随季节变化而变化。
2022-2023学年江苏省淮安市高二下学期期中数学试题【含答案】
2022-2023学年江苏省淮安市高二下学期期中数学试题一、单选题1.已知离散型随机变量的概率分布如表:则其数学期望等于( )ξ()E ξξ135P 0.5m 0.2A .1B .0.6C .D .2.423m+【答案】D【解析】根据所给的分布列,根据分布列中所有的概率之和是1,求出m 的值,求期望即可.【详解】∵分布列中出现的所有的概率之和等于1,∴0.5+m +0.2=1,∴m =0.3,∴随机变量的数学期望E (ξ)=1×0.5+3×0.3+5×0.2=2.4.故选:D .【点睛】本题考查分布列的性质和方差,本题解题的关键是根据分布列的性质做出分布列中未知的字母,本题是一个基础题.2.5位同学报名参加两个课外活动小组,每位同学限报其中的一个小组,则不同报名方法有( )A .10种B .20种C .25种D .32种【答案】D【分析】由分步乘法原理计算.【详解】由题意,每个同学有2种选择,故不同报名方式为.5232=故选:D3.如图,在正方体中,以为原点建立空间直角坐标系,为的中点,为1111ABCD A B C D -D E 1BB F 的中点,则下列向量中,能作为平面的法向量的是( ).11A D AEFA .(1,,4)B .(,1,)2-4-2-C .(2,,1)D .(1,2,)2-2-【答案】B【分析】设正方体的棱长为2,依次求出各点坐标,设向量是平面的法向量,根据(,,)n x y z =AEF 法向量的定义,逐一验证各选项即可求出答案.【详解】解:设正方体的棱长为2,则,,(2,0,0),(2,2,1)A E (1,0,2)F ∴,(0,2,1),(1,0,2)AE AF ==-设向量是平面的法向量,(,,)n x y z = AEF 则取,得,20,20,n AE y z n AF x z ⎧⋅=+=⎨⋅=-+=⎩1y =2,4z x =-=-则是平面的一个法向量,(4,1,2)n =-- AEF 结合其他选项,只需和共线即可,(4,1,2)n =--检验可知,ACD 选项均不与共线.(4,1,2)n =-- 所以能作为平面的法向量只有选项B AEF 故选:B .4.已知随机变量,,且,,则( )()6,X B p ~()2,Y N μσ()122P Y ≥=()()E X E Y =p =A .B .C .D .12131416【答案】B【分析】根据随机变量可知,再根据,,()6,X B p ~()6E x p=()2Y N μσ,()122P Y ≥=可求出,利用,建立方程,即可求出结果.()2E Y =()()E X E Y =【详解】因为随机变量,所以,()6,X B p ~()6E X p=因为,,所以,即,()2Y N μσ,()122P Y ≥=2μ=()2E Y =又()()E X E Y =所以,即.62p =13p =故选:B.5.从甲、乙、丙、丁四名同学中选出三名同学,分别参加三个不同科目的竞赛,其中甲同学必须参赛,则不同的参赛方案共有( )A .24种B .18种C .21种D .9种【答案】B【分析】参赛方案可分两步完成,第一步从乙,丙,丁三人中选两人,第二步将甲和所选两人安排去参加三个不同科目的竞赛,故这是一个分步完成的排列组合综合问题.【详解】参赛方案可分两步完成,第一步从乙,丙,丁三人中选两人,有种方法,23C 第二步将甲和所选两人安排去参加三个不同科目的竞赛,有种方法,33A 由分步乘法计数原理可得共有种方法.233318C A =故选:B.6.的展开式的常数项是( )()51211x x ⎛⎫+- ⎪⎝⎭A .B .C .D .10-9-119【答案】B【分析】写出的展开式的通项为,分别令,511⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭x ()51551C 11C rr r r r rr T x x --+⎛⎫=⋅⋅-=-⋅ ⎪⎝⎭1r -=-,即可求得常数项.0r -=【详解】因为的展开式的通项为,511⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭x ()51551C 11C rr r r rr r T x x --+⎛⎫=⋅⋅-=-⋅ ⎪⎝⎭所以令,,则,,1r -=-0r -=0r =1r =所以的展开式为常数项的是()51211x x ⎛⎫+- ⎪⎝⎭()()1011005521C 11C 1019x x x -⋅-+⋅-=-+=-故选:B7.甲和乙两位同学准备在体育课上进行一场乒乓球比赛,假设甲对乙每局获胜的概率都为,比13赛采取三局两胜制(当一方获得两局胜利时,该方获胜,比赛结束),则甲获胜的概率为( )A .B .C .D .5277272919【答案】B【分析】按照相互独立事件的概率乘法法则,分类计算求和即可.【详解】分三类:①甲直接获得前两局胜利,不进行第三局,此时甲获胜的概率为:;131139⨯=②甲输第一局,赢后两局,此时甲获胜的概率为:;1112(1)33327-⨯⨯=③甲赢第一局和第三局,输第二局,此时甲获胜的概率为:.1112(1)33327⨯-⨯=故甲获胜的概率为:.12279272727++=故选:B.8.已知三棱柱的底面是边长为2的等边三角形,侧棱长为3,在底面ABC 上的射111ABC A B C -1A 影D 为BC 的中点,则异面直线AB 与所成的角的为( )1CCA .B .C .D .6π4π3π2π【答案】C 【分析】连接,由,得到为异面直线与所成的角,结合余弦11,,A D AD A B11//CC AA 1A AB ∠AB 1CC 定理,即可求解.【详解】连接,由,所以为异面直线与所成的角,11,,A D AD A B11//CC AA 1A AB ∠AB 1CC 因为三棱锥的底面是边长为的等边三角形,且侧棱长为,111ABC A B C -23在底面ABC 上的射影D 为BC 的中点,1A可得,11AD A D A B ======由余弦定理,可得,19471cos 2322A AB +-∠==⨯⨯因为,所以,1(0,]2A AB π∠∈13A AB π∠=所以异面直线AB 与所成的角的为.1CC 3π故选:C.二、多选题9.下列有关排列数、组合数的等式中,正确的是( )A .B .A C !mmnnn =()()2221A A m m n n n n ++++=C .D .111C C C m m m n n n +++=+1232C C C C n nn n n n =++++ 【答案】BC【分析】对于AC,根据组合数的公式即可;对于B ,根据排列数的公式即可;对于D ,根据二项式定理即可.【详解】对于A,,故A 错误;A C !mmnnm =对于B ,,故B 正确;()()()121221A 2A A m m m n n n n n n ++++++=+=对于C ,组合数的性质,,故C 正确;111C C C m m m n n n +++=+对于D ,由二项式定理知,=,故D 错误;()012311C C C C +C nnn n n n n+=++++ 2n故选:BC.10.一袋中有大小相同的4个红球和2个白球,给出下列4个结论,其中正确的有( )A .从中任取3球,恰有一个白球的概率是35B .从中有放回的取球6次,每次任取一球,则取到红球次数的方差为43C .现从中不放回的取球2次,每次任取1球,则在第一次取到红球后,第二次再次取到红球的概率为25D .从中有放回的取球3次,每次任取一球,则至少有一次取到红球的概率为2627【答案】ABD【解析】A.由古典概型的概率求解判断;B.根据取到红球次数X ~B ,再利用方差公式求解判26,3⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭断;C .设A ={第一次取到红球},B ={第二次取到红球}.由P (B |A )=求解判断;D .易()()p A B P A ⋂得每次取到红球的概率P =,然后再利用对立事件求解判断.23【详解】A.恰有一个白球的概率,故A 正确;12243635p C CC ==B.每次任取一球,取到红球次数X ~B ,其方差为,故B 正确;26,3⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭22461333⎛⎫⨯⨯-= ⎪⎝⎭C .设A ={第一次取到红球},B ={第二次取到红球}.则P (A )=,P (A ∩B )=,所以23432655⨯=⨯P (B |A )=,故C 错误;()()35p A B P A ⋂=D .每次取到红球的概率P =,所以至少有一次取到红球的概率为,故D 正确.23322611327⎛⎫--=⎪⎝⎭故选:ABD.11.4名男生和3名女生排队(排成一排)照相,下列说法正确的是( )A .若女生必须站在一起,那么一共有种排法5335A AB .若女生互不相邻,那么一共有种排法3434A A C .若甲不站最中间,那么一共有种排法1666C AD .若甲不站最左边,乙不站最右边,那么一共有种排法7676A 2A -【答案】AC【分析】分别利用捆绑法、插空法、优先安排特殊元素法、间接法依次求解.【详解】选项,利用捆绑法,将3名女生看成一个整体,其排列方式有种,加上4名男生一共A 33A有5个个体,则有种排列方式,则由乘法原理可知一共有种排法,故正确;55A 5335A A A 选项,利用插空法,4名男生排成一排形成5个空,其排列方式有种,再将3名女生插入空中,B 44A 有种排列方式,则由乘法原理可知一共有种排法,故不正确;35A 4345A A B 选项,利用优先安排特殊元素法,甲不站最中间,甲先从除中间之外的6个位置选一个,其选择方C 式有种,再将剩余的6人全排列,有种排列方式,则由乘法原理可知一共有种排法,故16C 66A 1666C A 正确;C 选项,利用间接法,3人站成一排共有种排法,若甲站最左边有种排法,乙站最右边有D 77A 66A种排法,甲站最左边且乙站最右边有种排法,所以甲不站最左边,乙不站最右边,那么一共66A 55A 有种排法,故不正确;765765A 2A A -+D 故选:AC.12.如图所示,在棱长为2的正方形中,点,分别是,的中点,则( 1111ABCD A B C D -E F BC 1CC )A .1A D AF⊥B .与平面1D CAEF C .二面角的余弦值为A EF C --13D .平面截正方体所得的截面周长为AEF +【答案】BD【分析】利用坐标法,对A ,由向量数量积与垂直的关系即可判断;对B ,由向量法求线面角;对C ,由向量法求面面角;对D ,分析得,则平面AEF 截正方体所得的截面为四边形1//EF AD,即可根据几何关系求周长,1EFD A 【详解】以D 为原点建立如图所示空间直角坐标系,则D xyz -,()()()()()()()110,0,0,2,0,0,2,0,2,0,2,1,0,0,2,0,2,0,1,2,0D A A F D CE 对A , ,,故与不垂直,A 错;()()12,0,2,2,2,1A D AF =--=-140220A D AF ×=+-=¹1A D AF 对B ,,设平面AEF 的法向量为,则()()()11,2,0,2,2,1,0,2,2AE AF CD =-=-=-(),,n x y z =,令,则有,20220n AE x y n AF x y z ⎧⋅=-+=⎪⎨⋅=-++=⎪⎩2x =()2,1,2n = 设与平面AEF 所成角为,则B 对;1D Cθ111||sin cos ,n CD θn CD n CD×===对C ,平面EFC 的一个法向量为,则,∴二面角()0,1,0m =1cos ,3m =的余弦值为,C 错;A EF C --13-对D ,由,,可得,平面AEF 截正方体所得的截()()12,0,2,1,0,1AD EF-=-=12AD EF=1//EF AD 面为四边形,1EFD A 则有AEF截正方体所得的截面周长为11AD EF AE D F ==D 对.故选:BD.三、填空题13.现从某校2022年高三上学期某次测试成绩中随机抽取部分学生的物理成绩作为样本进行分ξ析,成绩近似服从正态分布,且,则__________.ξ()273,N σ()770.78P ξ<=()6973P ξ<<=【答案】/0.28725【分析】根据题意结合正态分布的对称性运算求解.【详解】由题意可得:,则,()730.50P ξ≤=()73770.28P ξ<<=故.()()697373770.28P P ξξ<<=<<=故答案为:.0.2814.“杨辉三角”是中国古代数学文化的瑰宝之一,最早出现在中国南宋数学家杨辉于1261年所著的《详解九章算法》一书中,欧洲数学家帕斯卡在1654年才发现这一规律,比杨辉要晚近四百年.如图,在由二项式系数所构成的“杨辉三角”中,记第2行的第3个数字为,第3行的第3个数字为1a ,…,第行的第3个数字为,则___________.2a 1n +n a 12310a a a a ++++=【答案】220【分析】先利用二项式定理,得,再进行组合数计算即可.21C n n a +=【详解】由题意,得,21C n n a +=所以12310a a a a ++++ 222223411C C C C =+++⋅⋅⋅+65768798109111013610212121212121⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯=+++++++++⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯13610152128364555=+++++++++.220=故答案为:220.15.在长方体中,,,若E 为的中点,则点E 到面1111ABCD A B C D -11AD AA ==2AB =AB 的距离是______.1ACD 【答案】13【分析】以D 为原点,为x 轴,为y 轴,为z 轴,建立空间直角坐标系,利用向量法DA DC 1DD能求出点E 到面的距离.1ACD 【详解】以D 为原点,为x 轴,为y 轴,为z 轴,建立空间直角坐标系,如下图所示:DA DC 1DD ,,,,()1,1,0E ()1,0,0A ()0,2,0C ()10,0,1D ,,,()1,2,0AC =-()11,0,1AD =-()0,1,0AE =设平面的法向量,1ACD (),,n x y z =则,取,得,1200n AC x y n AD x z ⎧⋅=-+=⎪⎨⋅=-+=⎪⎩1y =()2,1,2n = ∴点E 到面的距离为.1ACD 13AE n d n ⋅==故答案为:.13【点睛】本题考查点到平面距离的向量求法,属于基础题.16.经检测有一批产品合格率为,现从这批产品中任取5件,设取得合格产品的件数为,则34ξ取得最大值时的值为__________.()P k ξ=k 【答案】4【分析】由已知可得,,根据二项分布的分布列公式求出时的概率,即35,4B ξ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭ 0,1,2,3,4,5ξ=可得出答案.【详解】由已知可得,,.0,1,2,3,4,5ξ=35,4B ξ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭ 则,,()0553310C 1441024P ξ⎛⎫⎛⎫==⨯⨯-= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭()141533151C 1441024P ξ⎛⎫⎛⎫==⨯⨯-=⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,,()23253390452C 1441024512P ξ⎛⎫⎛⎫==⨯⨯-== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭()3235332701353C 1441024512P ξ⎛⎫⎛⎫==⨯⨯-== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,,()4145334054C 1441024P ξ⎛⎫⎛⎫==⨯⨯-= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭()5055332435C 1441024P ξ⎛⎫⎛⎫==⨯⨯-= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭所以,当时,取得最大值.4k =()P k ξ=故答案为:.4四、解答题17.已知的展开式中,其前三项的二项式系数的和等于56.22nx ⎛ ⎝(1)求展开式中所有二项式系数的和;(2)求展开式中的常数项.【答案】(1)1024(2)180【分析】(1)根据前三项的二项式系数之和列出方程,求出,进而求出所有二项式系数的和;10n =(2)利用展开式的通项公式,令的次数为0,求出,得到答案.x 9180T =【详解】(1)前三项的二项式系数和为,()0121C C C 1562n n n n n n -++=++=解得或-11(舍去),10n =中,展开式中所有二项式系数的和为;1022x ⎛ ⎝1021024=(2)的展开式通项公式为,1022x ⎛ ⎝()()1520102102211010C 21C 2rr r r r r r r T x x x ----+⎛⎫=-=-⋅ ⎪⎝⎭令得,故.52002r -=8r =()8829101C 2454180T =-⋅=⨯=18.已知向量,()1,0,1a =- ()1,2,0b =- (1)求与的夹角;a ()a b - (2)若与垂直,求实数t 的值.2a b + a tb -【答案】(1)π4(2)1【分析】(1)结合向量数量积性质夹角公式的坐标表示即可求解;(2)由向量垂直的坐标表示即可求解.【详解】(1),,()1,0,1a =- ()1,2,0b =-∴()2,2,1a b -=- ,3a -= 令与的夹角为,a()a b -θ则,cos a a b a a bθ=→→→→→→⎛⎫⋅- ⎪⎝⎭==⋅-则与的夹角为.a ()a b - π4(2),, ()21,2,2a b +=-- ()1,2,1a tb t t -=-- 又与垂直,,2a b + a tb - ∴()()20a b a tb +-= 即,解得.()()1122120t t -⨯--+⨯-+⨯=1t =19.有5个男生和3个女生,从中选出5人担任5门不同学科的科代表,求分别符合下列条件的选法数.(1)有女生但人数必须少于男生;(2)某女生一定担任语文科代表;(3)某男生必须包括在内,但不担任语文科代表.【答案】(1)5400(种)(2)840(种)(3)3360(种)【分析】(1)先选后排,分类讨论列式求解;(2)除去一定担任语文科代表的女生后先选后排,,先选后排计算可得;(3)先安排不担任语文科代表的该男生,先选后排计算可得.【详解】(1)先选后排,5人可以是2女3男,也可以是1女4男,所以先选有种,后排有种,32415353C C C C +55A 所以共有不同选法(种).()3241553535C C C C A 5400+⋅=(2)除去一定担任语文科代表的女生后,先选后排,共有不同选法(种).4474C A =840⋅(3)先选后排,但先安排不担任语文科代表的该男生,所以共有不同选法(种).414744C C A 3360⋅⋅=20.盒中有大小形状完全相同的8个红球和2个黑球.(1)现随机从中取出一球,观察颜色后放回,并加上与取出的球同色的球2个,再从盒中第二次取出一球,求第二次取出黑球的概率;(2)从中抽取3个球进行检测,随机变量表示取出黑球的个数,求的分布列及期望.X X 【答案】(1)15(2)分布列见解析,期望为.35【分析】(1)根据全概率公式即可求解,(2)根据超几何分布求解概率,进而可求分布列以及期望.【详解】(1)记第二次取出黑球为事件A,第一次取出红球记为事件,第一次取出黑球记为事件,1B 2B 所以.()()()()()112282241101210125P A P A B P B P A B P B =+=⨯+⨯=(2)可能为0,1,2,X38310C 567(0)C 12015P X ====2182310C ×C 567(1)=C 12015P X ===.1282310C ×C 81(2)=C 12015P X ===的分布列为:X X012P 715715115.7713()0121515155E X =⨯+⨯+⨯=21.某市为了更好的了解全体中小学生感染新冠感冒后的情况,以便及时补充医疗资源.从全市中小学生中随机抽取了100名抗原检测为阳性的中小学生监测其健康状况,100名中小学生感染奥密克戎后的疼痛指数为,并以此为样本得到了如下图所示的表格:X 疼痛指数X10X ≤1090X <<90X ≥人数(人)10819名称无症状感染者轻症感染者重症感染者其中轻症感染者和重症感染者统称为有症状感染者.(1)统计学中常用表示在事件A 发生的条件下事件发生的似然比.现从样本中随机抽取()()P B A L P B A =∣∣B 1名学生,记事件:该名学生为有症状感染者,事件:该名学生为重症感染者,求似然比的A B L 值;(2)若该市所有抗原检测为阳性的中小学生的疼痛指数近似的服从正态分布,且X ()2N 50,σ.若从该市众多抗原检测为阳性的中小学生中随机抽取3名,设这3名学生中轻症感()19010P X ≥=染者人数为,求的分布列及数学期望.Y Y 【答案】(1)19(2)分布列见解析,2.4【分析】(1)应用条件概率公式计算求解即可;(2)应用,由二项分布分别写出求分布列及计算数学期望.4B 3,5Y ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭ 【详解】(1)由题意得:,8199991981(),(),(),(),()10010100100100100P A P B P B P AB P AB +======,()()()9110091010P AB P B A P A ∴===∣,81()9100()9()1010P AB P B A P A ===∣.1()1109()910P B A L P B A ∴===∣∣(2),()()1109010P X P X ≤=≥= ,则,14(1090)12105P X ∴<<=-⨯=4B 3,5Y ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭ 可能的取值为,Y 0,1,2,3()()()3221233311141241480C ;1C ;2C ;51255512555125P Y P Y P Y ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫∴==⨯===⨯⨯===⨯⨯= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭()3334643C 5125P Y ⎛⎫==⨯= ⎪⎝⎭的分布列为:Y ∴Y0123P 1125121254812564125数学期望.∴()43 2.45E Y =⨯=22.如图,在四棱锥P−ABCD 中,AB//CD ,且.90BAP CDP ∠=∠= (1)证明:平面PAB ⊥平面PAD ;(2)若PA =PD =AB =DC ,,求二面角A −PB −C 的余弦值.90APD ∠=【答案】(1)见解析;(2)【详解】(1)由已知,得AB ⊥AP ,CD ⊥PD .90BAP CDP ∠=∠=︒由于AB//CD ,故AB ⊥PD ,从而AB ⊥平面PAD .又AB 平面PAB ,所以平面PAB ⊥平面PAD .⊂(2)在平面内作,垂足为,PAD PF AD ⊥F 由(1)可知,平面,故,可得平面.AB ⊥PAD AB PF ⊥PF ⊥ABCD 以为坐标原点,的方向为轴正方向,为单位长,建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系F FAx AB .F xyz -由(1)及已知可得,,,.A ⎫⎪⎪⎭P ⎛⎝B ⎫⎪⎪⎭C ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭所以,,,.PC ⎛=⎝ )CB =PA = ()0,1,0AB = 设是平面的法向量,则(),,n x y z = PCB 即0,0,n PC n CB ⎧⋅=⎨⋅=⎩0,0,x y z ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪=⎩可取.(0,1,n =- 设是平面的法向量,则(),,m x y z =PAB 即可取.0,0,m PA m AB ⎧⋅=⎨⋅=⎩0,0.z y =⎪=⎩()1,0,1m =则,cos,n mn mn m⋅==所以二面角的余弦值为A PB C--【名师点睛】高考对空间向量与立体几何的考查主要体现在以下几个方面:①求异面直线所成的角,关键是转化为两直线的方向向量的夹角;②求直线与平面所成的角,关键是转化为直线的方向向量和平面的法向量的夹角;③求二面角,关键是转化为两平面的法向量的夹角.建立空间直角坐标系和表示出所需点的坐标是解题的关键.。
高二数学试题解析版-2022-2023学年江苏省淮安市淮安区高二(上)期中数学试卷
2022-2023学年江苏省淮安市淮安区高二(上)期中数学试卷一、单项选择题(本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
)1.(5分)经过两点A(4x﹣2,1),B(2,﹣3)的直线的倾斜角为,则x=()A.﹣1B.﹣3C.1D.2.(5分)已知直线l1:ax﹣2y+1=0,l2:x+(a﹣1)y﹣1=0,若l1⊥l2,则实数a的值为()A.1B.C.D.23.(5分)当圆C:x2+y2﹣2y﹣80=0截直线l:mx﹣2y﹣m+6=0所得的弦长最短时,实数m=()A.B.﹣1C.D.14.(5分)若抛物线C:y2=4px(p>0)上的一点到它的焦点的距离为10,则p=()A.6B.8C.10D.125.(5分)已知双曲线的一条渐近线的倾斜角为120°,且与椭圆有相等的焦距,则C的方程为()A.B.C.D.6.(5分)已知圆与圆,若圆C1与圆C2有且仅有一个公共点,则实数a等于()A.﹣7B.9C.﹣7或9D.7或﹣97.(5分)明朝的一个葡萄纹椭圆盘如图(1)所示,清朝的一个青花山水楼阁纹饰椭圆盘如图(2)所示,北宋的一个汝窑椭圆盘如图(3)所示,这三个椭圆盘的外轮廓均为椭圆.已知图(1)、(2)、(3)中椭圆的长轴长与短轴长的比值分别、、,设图(1)、(2)、(3)中椭圆的离心率分别为e1、e2、e3,则()A.e1<e3<e2B.e2<e3<e1C.e1<e2<e3D.e2<e1<e38.(5分)椭圆C:=1(a>b>0)的上顶点为A,点P,Q均在C上,且关于x轴对称.若直线AP,AQ的斜率之积为,则C的离心率为()A.B.C.D.二、选择题:(本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分,部分选对的得2分,有选错的得0分。
)(多选)9.(5分)下列四个命题中真命题有()A.直线y=x﹣2在y轴上的截距为2B.经过定点A(0,2)的直线都可以用方程y=kx+2表示C.直线6x+my+4m﹣12=0(m∈R)必过定点D.已知直线3x+4y﹣1=0与直线6x+my﹣12=0平行,则平行线间的距离是1(多选)10.(5分)已知过点P(4,﹣2)的直线l与圆C:(x﹣3)2+(y+3)2=9交于A,B两点,O为坐标原点,则()A.|AB|的最大值为6B.|AB|的最小值为C.点O到直线l的距离的最大值为D.△POC的面积为3(多选)11.(5分)对于曲线C:+=1,下面四个说法正确的是()A.曲线C不可能是椭圆B.“1<k<4”是“曲线C是椭圆”的充分不必要条件C.“曲线C是焦点在y轴上的椭圆”是“3<k<4”的必要不充分条件D.“曲线C是焦点在x轴上的椭圆”是“1<k<2.5”的充要条件(多选)12.(5分)已知椭圆C:的左、右焦点分别为F1、F2,过F1的直线与C交于A,B两点,则()A.△ABF2的周长为4B.△ABF2的周长为8C.椭圆C上的点到焦点的最短距离为1D.椭圆C上的点到焦点的最短距离为3三、填空题(共4小题,每小题5分,共20分)13.(5分)已知平面上点P(3,3)和直线l:2y+3=0,点P到直线l的距离为d,则d =.14.(5分)已知抛物线的准线方程为y=3,则抛物线的标准方程为.15.(5分)已知两条直线a1x+b1y+4=0和a2x+b2y+4=0都过点A(2,3),则过两点P1(a1,b1),P2(a2,b2)的直线的方程为.16.(5分)在平面直角坐标系xOy中,直线与坐标轴x、y分别交于A、B两点,点P是圆上一动点,直线在x和y轴上的截距之和为,三角形PAB面积的最小值为.四、解答题:(本题共6小题,共70分,解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步聚。
江苏省淮安市2022年-有答案-高二上学期期中模拟英语试题
江苏省淮安市2022学年高二上学期期中模拟英语试题一、阅读选择1.Brandon Olsen and Tylor Fritz of Hometown Sanitation(公共卫生)left gifts for three sisters who waved to them each Thursday after learning that one of them, 3-year-old Rose, had been fighting cancer.The men also gave their parents free garbage service for one year."When they did that, it was a few weeks before the diagnosis(诊断)when every day just felt so impossible," said Rose's mother, Angie Evenson, of Blue Earth, Minnesota. "Nothing in reality changes Rose's diagnosis. But what they did makes us feel we are truly not alone in this fight."With binoculars(双筒望远镜)in hand, Rose and her two sisters, Grace, 5 and Sophia, 2 sat by the window age men, OIsen and Fritz, as they drove by on their weekly route.Olsen, 29, and Fritz, 24, told ABC News that the girl's smiling faces are what they look forward to while working. They even left Halloween candy for the girls this year to show their appreciation. They hope that more and more people can understand and support their work.But weeks later, Evenson wrote Olsen and Fritz a note explaining that little Rose wouldn't be able to wave to them for a while since she'd be undergoing chemotherapy(化疗). Rose had been diagnosed with Stage 4 kidney cancer in September."As a father of three, it changed my outlook on things." Olsen said. "It opened my eyes... you don't know what someone else is going through."Fritz said he cried when he read the note. "I got to the chemo part and there were tears running down my face," he recalled. "I don't have any children of my own, but I can imagine if someone very close to me is diagnosed as cancer, I'll be heartbroken.""Rose is being treated at Sanford Children's Hospital in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. She will miss a few more Thursdays, when she can wave to her garbage men, but her chemo sessions will be switched to Mondays soon and she'll be back by the window early next year. I have confidence in Rose's recovery," her mother said.(1)How did the garbage men help Rose's family?A.They took the sick girl to hospital regularly.B.They collected the garbage for free.C.They looked after Rose in turn.D.They offered money to help cure Rose.(2)What can we learn about the garbage men?A.They made the family famous.B.They encouraged the family.C.They gave Angie Evenson a good lesson.D.They doubted about the doctor's diagnosis.(3)What do the garbage men wish for in terms of the girls' smiling faces?A.People's appreciation for their work.B.Good friendship with the young girls.C.Making more efforts to do their work well.D.The girls' family's caring more for their children.(4)What can we infer from the passage?A.Olsen has three sons.B.Fritz has not got married.C.Fritz is faced with a serious disease.D.Evenson is optimistic about Rose's condition.2. Self﹣driving cars are so popular that the University of Michigan has even established a town called Mcity to allow car manufacturers to safely test their autonomous cars.While Mcity can be used to simulate many real﹣life road conditions, it cannot help test gestures drivers use to communicate their intention to other drivers, pedestrians or cyclists. To find a solution, US car manufacturer Ford, with researchers from Virginia Tech, firstly considered using text as a way to communicate the car's intention, but decided it would probably not work universally. The option of using symbols was also discarded, because research shows that a majority of people do not have a good understanding of what ________ mean. Finally, the researchers settled on light signals. A white light warned that there were no humans in the car. A slow blinking one indicated that the car was coming to a stop, while a rapidly flashing light cautioned passersby that the car was about to accelerate.Then came the big challenge﹣testing the signals on real road, "We needed to try out this new lighting to communicate the intention of the vehicle, but if you've got a driver behind the seat, you still have natural communication between humans, " said Andy Shaudt, who led the Virginia Tech research team. "So we needed to make it look like a driverless car." The team designed a car seat costume that the driver would wear to cover his or her face and upper body. Of course, the drivers could see very clearly. The researchers then equipped the car with cameras to capture human reactions to a light bar on the windshield, which flashed one of the three signals when appropriate. Six drivers, all keeping their hands low on the wheel so as not to be detected, took turns to test driving the car through the busy streets.The overall reaction to the flashing lights was very encouraging. Who knew costumes could be useful for more than Halloween?(1) What did the team use as a way to communicate the car's intention?________A.Light.nguage.C.Symbols.D.Sound.(2) What does the underlined word "they" in the second paragraph refer to?________A.Symbols.B.Drivers.C.Researchers.D.Flashes.(3) What does a rapidly flashing light mean?________A.The car was coming to a stop.B.There was no driver in the car.C.The car was about to speed up.D.The car was about to slow down.(4) The car seat costume was intended to________.A.amuse the driver .B.attract the pedestrian.C.warn the cyclists .D.confuse the people.3. Depression and suicidal thoughts have doubled in young Americans, according to a new study from the American Psychological Association.Likely triggers? Cell phones and social media.“More US adolescents and young adults in the la te 2010s, vs the mid-2000s, experienced serious psychological distress, major depression and more attempted suicide (自杀)”, says lead researcher Jean Twenge, professor of psychology at San Diego State University. “These trends are weak or non-existent among adults 26 years and over, suggesting a generational shift in mood disorders instead of an overall increase across all ages.”Twenge believes this trend is partially due to the explosion of digital culture over the past decade, which may have twisted modes of social interaction enough to affect mood disorders. The study analyzed data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, which tracked drug and alcohol use and mental health issues in more than 200,000 youths aged 12 to 17 from 2005 to 2017 and almost 400,000 adults from 2008 to 2017.Major depression in the last 12 months increased by 52 percent in kids from 2005 to 2017 and 63 percent in young adults aged 18 to 25 from 2009 to 2017. There was also a 71 percent jump in young adults experiencing serious psychological distress in the previous 30 days from 2008 to 2017.So what’s so different now? Twenge says research shows young people just aren’t getting as much shuteye as they did in previous generations.Whereas older Americans might have established more stability in their lives, sleep-disrupting social stressors are likely at their peak for teens and young adults in this digital era, she says. Older adults are also less likely to let devices interfere (干预) with sleep.These results suggest a need for more research to understand how digital communication versus face-to-face social interaction influences mood disorders and to develop specialized interventions for younger age groups.Her suggestion? Put your phone down at least an hour before bedtime.(1)How is Paragraph 6 developed?A.By stating facts.B.By giving examples.C.By providing statistics.D.By presenting theories.(2)What might Professor Twenge agree with?A.Mood disorders show no difference across all ages.B.Teens are less likely to let devices interfere with sleep.C.Digital cultural explosion might cause depression in teens.D.The past decade has seen a sharp decrease in teens mental disorders.(3)What do the underlined words “social stressors” in Para 8 mean?A.Interaction modes.B.Mental health issues.C.Drug and alcohol use.D.Cell phones and social media.(4)From which is the text probably taken?A.A biology textbook.B.A science magazine.C.A travel guidebook.D.A medical case.二、七选五How to Organize a Music FestivalYou love music and you always have. You want to carry out a music festival designed to attract music fans of all ages. Follow the steps and you'll organize a successful one.▲ Start by making a list of the local bands and art ists that you like. You've taken this job because you love music, so put your taste to work for you. If you like these musicians,many of the local residents will also like them.(1)_______. You need to have many kinds of music for all age groups.▲ Find a great location that has much open space for outdoor festivals. You need to build a stage so the musicians can be seen from distances.(2)_______. Not all towns need such license but it is a good idea to check before you start building. For an indoor location,you need to find a theater that is willing to give you enough space.(3)_______.▲ Hire sound and engineering people to give the musicians all the help they need.(4)_______. You can't expect the musicians to handle these problems because they are playing. Your sound and engineering experts will allow your stars to keep the music playing.▲ (5)_______.If you are planning your festival for families, the last thing you want isa beer﹣swilling crowd starting a huge brawl (斗殴). Security people need to be presentto make sure that nobody gets the idea that they want to start any kind of ruckus(骚乱).A. You need to find security people.B. Bigger sports stadiums will be perfect as well.C. We can find enough songs to get a lot of money.D. People should have practiced many different songs.E. But remember, you are trying to attract fans of all ages.F. The last thing you want is that a group is on the stage but the speakers don't work.G. You can find a location by going to the local government and asking for permission.三、完形填空A few years ago,I moved to Aurora,Ontario.I was a radio broadcaster,but I didn’t have the _______ of colleagues.That was because I worked not in the office,but at home,and I_______ it to the power of technology.Shortly after the move,_______,I found myself feeling lonelier than ever before.I was _______ to make a friend.Then I saw her.From the window of my _______,I caught sight of a beautiful,tall girl taking her recyclables and walking _______,and I was attracted.I thought,“I recycle too! We have something in common!”The question was _______ we would meet.“Should I knock on her door and say hi,or what if I just _______ to be running by? ” But after _______ a few times around the block,I still didn’t see her.Finally,I de cided to __________ the one thing I already knew about her—recycling.The following Tuesday,I got up a bit earlier.Around 8 a. m.,she __________ again,with the same confidence.“Just act __________,” I said to myself.Then I walked outside,__________ a t rash can fast.“Nice to meet you.I’m Megan,” I said,trying to __________ nervousness back and appear calm.“Good morning.Michelle,” she replied.__________ a big smile,I walked back inside.After our “__________” recycling meet ups continued for a few weeks,I gathered my __________ to invite her to my home.Then at my home we __________ down,sharing stories about our own life.We also found more__________ between us two young women: putting ourselves out for what we’ve been looking for—a new __________ to fall in love with.(1)A.recognitionB.helppanyD.pressure(2)A.preferredB.owedC.attachedD.devoted(3)A.howeverB.thereforeC.besidesD.instead(4)A.gratefulB.fortunateC.upsetD.desperate(5)A.flatB.officeC.stationD.hotel(6)A.hurriedlyB.cleanlyC.cheerfullyD.confidently(7)A.whenB.whereC.howD.why(8)A.managedB.preparedC.happenedD.refused(9)A.lookingB.recyclingC.searchingD.jogging(10)A.seize onB.carry onC.insist onD.figure on(11)A.came backB.turned upC.worked outD.dropped by(12)A.naturalB.gentleC.sincereD.generous(13)A.graspingB.clearingC.deliveringD.throwing(14)A.payB.takeC.giveD.choke(15)A.SqueezingB.EnjoyingC.WearingD.Pretending(16)A.feelingB.chanceC.impressionD.plan(17)A.powerB.planC.thoughtD.courage(18)A.settledB.fellC.sety(19)A.linksB.differencesC.similaritiesmunications(20)A.neighborB.friendC.visitorD.colleague四、用单词的适当形式完成短文Kentucky Fried Chicken has launched a new themed branch in honor of Lei Feng, a legendary soldier(1)________(celebrate) in China for his(2)________(self) and modesty, in his hometown Changsha, Hunan province.The restaurant opened on Sunday, two days before the(3)________(office)remembrance day marked across the country every year on March 5(4)________people celebrate his spirits by showing goodwill and giving(5)________helping hand to others.The restaurant will organize series of activities and also cooperate with the local Lei Fen Memorial Hall to (6)________( well promote Lei Feng's spirits.(7)________the entrance to the restaurant stand two big Lei ﹣like statues and its inner part(8)________(decorate) with Lei's cartoon portraits and quotes from his diary, with words from his poems playing in the background.He Min, general manager of KFC in Hunan province, told voc. com. en that in addition to the themed restaurant, they will also launch a project devoted to Lei's virtues in 250 outlets(门店)across the province, including (9)________( provide ) free drinking water and resting(10)________( place) for gate guards五、提纲类作文假如你是李华,你和约翰约好这个周六在体育馆打篮球。
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淮安市高二期中模拟试卷(语文卷)一、语言文字运用(15分)1.下列词语中加点的字,每对读音都不相同的一组是(3分)A .校对/校场 解数/跑马卖解 折耗/损兵折将B .削皮/削减 躯壳/金蝉脱壳 吭声/引吭高歌C .栅栏/光栅 桂冠/勇冠三军 食谱/箪食壶浆D .伺机/伺候 中肯/一语中的 商贾/余勇可贾 2.下列各项中,加点成语使用完全正确的一项是( )(3分)A. 虽然国际金融风暴还未对我国实体经济产生破坏性的冲击,但我们要做好未雨绸缪....的准备。
B. 他现在的生意可以说是江河日下....,今天来三个,明天来五个,等到哪天一个顾客都不来,他就得关门了。
C. 当我还年轻的时候,我认为生活就该绕着我转:我如何在这世上得心应手....,成功立业,得到我想要的。
D. 站到山顶上往下看,会发现你所焦灼的、在意的或者首鼠两端....的事情,人生的喜怒哀乐都被万家灯火包围着。
3.下面的文字针对“紫外线辐射”说了哪几层意思?请简要概括。
(不超过40字)(5分) 阳光中的紫外辐射虽然只占太阳总发射能量的5%左右,但是它对于地球生命系统却有很大的伤害能力,且能量越高,伤害越大。
能量最高的部分,在平流层以上就被大气中的原子和分子氧所吸收。
接下来到波长290纳米之间的一段,被平流层臭氧分子全部吸收。
波长为290~320nm 的辐射段也有90%被臭氧分子吸收,从而大大减弱了它到达地面的强度。
如果平流层臭氧的含量减少,则地面受到紫外辐射的强度将会增加。
因此,臭氧层就成为一道天然屏障,保护地球上人类和动植物免遭短波紫外线的伤害。
臭氧透过的少量紫外线,还可以杀菌防菌,对生物大有裨益。
4. 没有真挚的情感,就不会有真正的情谊;没有丰富的情感,就不会有对理想的憧憬; , ; , 。
二、文言文阅读(19分)阅读下面的文言文,完成5-8题。
萧何传萧何,沛人也。
高祖为布衣时,数以吏事护高祖。
高祖为亭长,常佑之。
高祖以吏繇咸阳,吏皆送奉钱三,何独以五①。
秦御史监郡者,与从事辩之,何乃给泗水卒史事,第一。
秦御史欲入言征何,何固请,得毋行。
及高祖起为沛公,何尝为丞督事。
沛公至咸阳,诸将皆争走金、帛、财物之府,分之,何独先入收秦丞相、御史律令图书藏之。
沛公具知天下厄塞、户口多少、强弱处、民所疾苦者,以何得秦图书也。
班级 姓名 考场 考号何以丞相留收巴、蜀,填抚谕告,使给军食。
汉二年,汉王与诸侯击楚,何守关中,侍太子,治栎阳。
为令约束,立宗庙、社稷、宫室、县邑,辄奏,上可许以从事;即不及奏,辄以便宜施行,上来以闻。
计户转漕给军,汉王数失军遁去,何常兴关中卒,辄补缺。
上以此专属任何关中事。
汉五年,已杀项羽,即皇帝位,论功行封。
关内侯鄂秋时为谒者,进曰:“夫上与楚相距五岁,失军亡众、跳身遁者数矣,然萧何常从关中遣军补其处。
非上所诏令召,而数万众会上乏绝者数矣。
夫汉与楚相守荥阳数年,军无见粮,萧何转漕关中,给食不乏。
陛下虽数亡山东,萧何常全关中待陛下,此万世功也。
”上曰:“善。
”于是乃令何第一,赐带剑履上殿,入朝不趋。
悉封何父母兄弟十余人,皆食邑。
乃益封何二千户,“以尝繇咸阳时何送我独赢钱二也”。
陈豨反,上至邯郸。
而韩信谋反关中,吕后用何计诛信。
其秋,黥布反,上自将击之,数使使问相国何为。
曰:“为上在军,拊循勉百姓,悉所有佐军,如陈豨时。
”客说何曰:“君灭族不久矣。
夫君位为相国,功第一,不可复加。
然君初入关,本得百姓心,十余年矣。
皆附君,尚复孳孳得民和。
上所谓数问君,畏君倾动关中。
今君胡不多买田地,贱贳貣②以自污?上心必安。
”于是何从其计,上乃大说。
何买田宅必居穷辟处,为家不治垣屋。
曰:“今后世贤,师吾俭;不贤,毋为势家所夺。
” 孝惠二年,何薨,谥曰文终侯。
(节选自《汉书·萧何曹参传》)注:①三:指三百钱。
五:指五百钱。
②贳貣:赊贷。
5.下列各项中,加点字词解释有误的一项是( )(3分) A .何固.请,得毋行 (固:坚决) B .何常兴.关中卒,辄补缺 (兴:发动) C .夫汉与楚相守荥阳数年,军无见.粮 (见:通“现”) D .其秋,黥布反,上自将.击之 (将:将要) 6.下列各项中,全都能说明萧何“功第一”一项的是( )(3分)①高祖为布衣时,数以吏事护高祖②沛公具知天下厄塞、户口多少、强弱处、民所疾苦者,以何得秦图书也③汉王数失军遁去,何常兴关中卒,辄补缺④萧何转漕关中,给食不乏⑤然君初入关,本得百姓心,十余年矣⑥何买田宅必居穷辟处,为家不治垣屋 A .①②⑥ B .②③④ C .①③⑤ D .②④⑥ 7.下列各项中对文意理解有误的一项是( )(3分)A .萧何曾任秦朝官吏,任职期间对刘邦照顾有加,他不想入京为官,为此,尽管政绩突出,他却拒绝了秦御史的好意。
B .等到刘邦起兵,萧何便跟随他。
攻破咸阳之时,众将看重的是金银财物,只有萧何看重秦的文献档案,说明他目光长远。
C .萧何当了丞相之后,供给军需粮食,制订法律规章制度,及时为刘邦补充军力等,为刘邦能够在乱世生存发挥了巨大作用。
D .皇上征讨反贼黥布,多次派使者问相国该怎么做,萧何认为只要注意安抚百姓,按时发放军饷,和平定陈豨时一样就行了。
8.翻译下列句子(10分)(1)夫上与楚相距五岁,失军亡众、跳身遁者数矣,然萧何常从关中遣军补其处。
(3分)(2)乃益封何二千户,“以尝繇咸阳时何送我独赢钱二也”。
(3分)班级 姓名 考场 考号(3)然君初入关,本得百姓心,十余年矣。
皆附君,尚复孳孳得民和。
(4分)三、古诗词鉴赏(10分)9. 阅读下面这首唐诗,然后回答问题。
夜泊牛渚怀古李白牛渚西江夜, 青天无片云。
登舟望秋月, 空忆谢将军。
余亦能高咏, 斯人不可闻。
明朝挂帆席, 枫叶落纷纷。
(1)赏析诗歌颔联的“空”字。
(3分)(2)诗歌以“枫叶落纷纷”为结句有何妙处?(4分)(3)李白的诗歌长于以虚写实、虚实结合,《蜀道难》中作者以丰富的想象力写出了蜀道的奇丽惊险。
这首诗歌中李白也运用了虚实结合的手法,请具体指出。
(3分)四、名句名篇默写(8分) 10.在横线上填上适当的句子。
⑴ ,内无应门五尺之僮。
(李密《陈情表》) ⑵ ,去以六月息者也。
(庄子《逍遥游(节选)》) (3) ,众人皆醉我独醒,是以见放。
(《渔父》) ⑷且夫水之积也不厚, 。
(《逍遥游》) ⑸柳丝长玉骢难系, 。
(王实甫《长亭送别》) ⑹古者富贵而名磨灭,不可胜记, 。
(司马迁《报任安书》) ⑺惨象,已使我目不忍视了;流言, 。
(鲁迅《记念刘和珍君》) ⑻野马也,尘埃也, 。
(庄子《逍遥游(节选)》)五、现代文阅读:文学类文本(20分)阅读下面的作品,完成11~14题。
花篮里花儿香聂兰锋查房的时候,曹医生又提着一篮鲜花,跟前几天一样,顺手放在窗台上。
这时候,早晨的阳光正好透过窗纱照过来,照得花枝微颤。
曹医生将手插进白大褂的衣兜里,摸出听诊器挂在脖子上,笑盈盈地弓着腰伏在我爸爸耳边问:“聂大爷,今天感觉怎样?”一直闭着眼睛的爸爸浅浅地睁一条缝,稍后说了两个字:难受。
接着又把眼睛闭上。
曹医生将听诊器塞到耳朵里,另一端在爸爸的肚皮上移动,问这儿疼不那儿疼不,爸爸班级 姓名 考场 考号的回答均是两个字:难受。
曹医生走后,爸爸依旧闭着眼,斩钉截铁地说了两个字:拿走。
我心领神会,将花篮挪出爸爸的视线。
爸爸不喜欢鲜花。
平日里爸爸在花盆里栽种的是韭菜菠菜之类,他甚至用花盆种地瓜也不养花。
他说养花最浪费人的感情,浇一季的水看不到两天就没了,是最不中用的事儿。
爸爸还说鲜花最没个性,恋爱结婚生孩子生病都送鲜花,人死了还得被花包围着,从不讲究个喜怒哀乐,同样的面孔出现在迥然不同的场合。
自从爸爸生病,病房里就没断过鲜花。
光那些亲朋好友就够受的了,偏偏碰上个曹医生,执著地每天送一篮鲜花。
刚把花安置在角落里,护士端着小盘子进来了,是那个态度和长相都甜美的小刘护士。
该挂吊瓶了。
我一边询问今天用的什么药,一边看着纤纤玉手熟练地操作。
接着一位穿淡蓝色衣服的护士进来送每日清单,这是昨天的支出:4080.32元。
我扫了一眼顺手将清单塞进床头柜的抽屉里。
反正花多少钱不用我这个当儿子的掏。
爸爸是离休老革命,药费全报。
所有我能做的除了服侍吃喝拉撒就是每天将那些鲜花处理掉。
小刘护士调好了点滴的速度,用大眼睛递过来一个微笑,我刚打算把花篮送给她作为回报,曹医生又到。
曹医生依旧笑盈盈的,依旧弓着腰伏在爸爸耳边:“聂大爷,根据您老人家的情况,今天给您换个方儿。
”这时候护士长进来了,满脸的无奈:“曹主任,14床的老太太没药了,让她续费,他儿子问能不能先用药,钱他回家筹备。
”曹主任的脸“呱嗒”一下拉下来,将护士长叫到门口压低嗓音说:“废话!出院!”曹主任只用四个字就处理了护士长看来很棘手的事。
护士长走了,笑容重新回到曹医生的脸上,曹医生竖起她修长的食指:“聂大爷,今天给您换个方儿,加一个血浆。
这东西缺着呢。
”爸爸无语,只有花篮里的花儿独自吐着芬芳。
我盯着那些花,康乃馨、百合、非洲菊、富贵竹,中间一朵红牡丹争奇斗艳,艳得失真,用手摸摸,果然,被众鲜花包围着的是朵绢牡丹!我说呢,深秋里怎会有自然开放的牡丹花?有也是花妖。
待到小刘护士来换瓶的时候,不等她递给我微笑,我就让她把花篮提走了。
可那只绢做的红牡丹被我留了下来,刚好插在窗台上空着的石膏花瓶里。
寂寞的空花瓶一天天热闹起来,爸爸的病却不见一丝儿好转。
……阳光依旧,花儿依旧。
爸爸的生命长度却敌不过一朵绢做的牡丹。
当曹医生踩着崭新的阳光提着花篮笑盈盈地来到病房时,爸爸已经奄奄一息,他努力地睁了一下眼,然后闭上,离开了这个满是鲜花的世界。
曹医生尽情挥洒她的悲伤的时候,我在医院门口的花店里打公用电话。
付费时听见老板娘吩咐正在剪花的小姑娘:“记住了,小刘再来送花,少给她十块钱。
好好一篮花,把个牡丹给留下。
本来这些人买花就不花自己的钱,人情白赚半道上还有小动作,下作……”在老板娘的骂声中,我明白了这些鲜花每天都有个周转。
但我还搞不清“下作”的含义以及买花不花自己的钱花谁的钱。
回到病房,曹医生早已不在。
花谁的钱?我问爸爸,爸爸无语,只有花篮里的花儿吐着芬芳。
因为有担保,过了些日子我才去结算。
在护士站遇着护士长,她告诉我曹主任调走了。
本来因业务量完成得好已经提了副院长,结果因账目上的事情被人举报,她才不情愿地走了。
班级 姓名 考场 考号停了一会儿,我才说:噢。
(选自《天池》2007年第12期) 11.小说分三次写曹医生给爸爸治病的经过,每一次都用大量的文字写与鲜花有关的故事,这样写有什么用意?分点作答。
(4分)12.曹医生是一个什么样的人物?作者采用了哪些表现手法刻画这个人物?请简要分析。
(6分)13.小说最后笔锋一转,写“我”在付费时听见老板娘对剪花的小姑娘的吩咐,这样写有什么作用,请简要分析。