Salvage Logging
Schlumberger - Well Integrity Program 斯伦贝谢井眼完整性程序
Well Integrity Framework
Component of our “Excellence in Execution” Program
Schlumberger Confidential
Schlumberger Well Integrity Program
Hussam Al Quassar MEA WSV Technique Manager
Well Integrity
Recent industry incidents led to an increase focus on Well Integrity.
O
RK
Permanent packer and seal assembly
O
RK
A25 Tubing/Completion String
K
OK
K
A29 Completion String Component
K* K* O
KK
RK
R
Gas lift valves
K
RK
O
Side pocket mandrels
K
OK
A22 Casing Cement
O
K
RKKKK
A24 Cement Plug
O K*
K K*
KKRKKKK
Shoe track
O K*
K K*
KKRKKKK
A33 Surface Production Tree
K*
K
伊拉克M油田水平裸眼井打捞应用浅析
181伊拉克M油田是一个西北-东南轴背斜结构，范围约为353.4km 2。
主力产油层为白垩纪米什里夫组碳酸岩储层，分为7个分支，包括MA、MB11、MB12、MB21、MB22、MC1和MC2，其中主要产油层为MB21层，主要岩性为砂岩，具有一个压力系统、一个结构性的边缘水储层和一个宽阔的油水过渡区，温度梯度范围为每100m1.6～2.9℃，初始地层压力系数为1.15，目前下降至约0.87，属于常温常压系统。
1 钻井简介1.1 基本数据A井位于伊拉克M油田，属于水平井，斜深4752.5m，垂深3844.70m，水平段长度599.70m，钻井设计周期86天，泥浆密度1.15g/cm 3。
第一造斜点3360m，造斜率3.86°，井斜37.36°；第二造斜点3675.28m，造斜率每30m3.43°（每30m2.0°），最大井斜90.38°。
1.2 套管程序A井井身结构说明见表1，采用6#裸眼完井。
表1 A井井身结构钻 头 尺 寸 × 下 深套 管 尺 寸 × 下 深26″×121m 20″×120m 16″×2175.7m 13-3/8″×2174.7m 12-1/4″×2836.5m 9-5/8″×2836.3m 8-1/2″×4173.37 m 7″×2686~4171m6″×4752.5m裸眼2 落井测井仪器测井仪器井下落物是钻井期间比较常见的井下落物事故。
对于长水平段的定向井而言，测井仪器要下到井下几千米，测井施工作业的风险高，而井底状况非常复杂，可能会发生井筒垮塌、岩层掉块以及井筒斜度突然变化等情况，导致发生测井仪器井下落物事故。
井下落物事故不伊拉克M油田水平裸眼井打捞应用浅析那宇中海油能源发展股份有限公司 北京 100027摘要：伊拉克M油田A井六开钻进过程中，钻进至斜深4752.5m、垂深3844.70m。
TPO写作
Integrated Writing1.Four-day or five-day working policy?2.Teamwork in a project3.Were some painting really painted by Rembrandt?4.Were dinosaurs edotherms?5.What was the great house built for?6.Which is more valuable, the online encyclopedias or the traditional printed ones?7.Would the wood companies in the US adopt issuing certifications?8.The accuarcy of Seingalt’s memoir9.Fuel-cell engines or internal-combustion engines?10.The sea utter11.Less literatue reading12.Was the sketch a portrait of Asten?13.Selling and buying fossils14.Salvage logging in dealing with forest fire15.Measures to stop the spread of the cane toad in Australia.16.Problems and limitations in studying old cultural artifacts in Britain17.The trend of harming wild life in the US18.Solutions to address the decline of the trees19.Ban the buzzing-a kind of commercial advertisementIndependent Writing1.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? At universities and colleges, sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and should receive equal financial support. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important to keep your old friends than it is to make new friends. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.4. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.5. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People today spend too much time on personal enjoyment-doing things they like to do-rather than doing things they should do. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.6. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Life today is easier and more comfortable than it was when your grandparents were children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.7. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for students to understand ideas and concepts than it is for them to learn facts.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.8. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television advertising directed towards young children (aged two to five) should not be allowed. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.9. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Technology has made children less creative than they were in the past. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 10. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing computer games is a waste of time. Children should not be allowed to play them. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.11. Some people say that the Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information. Others think access to much information creates problems. Which view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.12. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to have broad knowledge of many academic subjects than to specialize in one specific subject. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.13. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The extended family (grandparents, cousins, aunts, and uncles) is less important now than it was in the past. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.14. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People benefit more from traveling in their own country than from traveling to foreign countries. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.15.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to become financially responsible adults, children should learn to manage their money at a young age.16.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.17.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Most advertisements make products seem much better then they really are.18.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students are more influenced by theirteachers than by their friends.19.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to be well-informed, a person must get information from many different news sources.。
英文版罗斯公司理财习题答案chap009.doc
CHAPTER 9RISK ANALYSIS, REAL OPTIONS, AND CAPITAL BUDGETINGAnswers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions1.Forecasting risk is the risk that a poor decision is made because of errors in projected cash flows.The danger is greatest with a new product because the cash flows are probably harder to predict.2.With a sensitivity analysis, one variable is examined over a broad range of values. With a scenarioanalysis, all variables are examined for a limited range of values.3.It is true that if average revenue is less than average cost, the firm is losing money. This much of thestatement is therefore correct. At the margin, however, accepting a project with marginal revenue in excess of its marginal cost clearly acts to increase operating cash flow.4.From the shareholder perspective, the financial break-even point is the most important. A project canexceed the accounting and cash break-even points but still be below the financial break-even point.This causes a reduction in shareholder (your) wealth.5.The project will reach the cash break-even first, the accounting break-even next and finally thefinancial break-even. For a project with an initial investment and sales after, this ordering will always apply. The cash break-even is achieved first since it excludes depreciation. The accounting break-even is next since it includes depreciation. Finally, the financial break-even, which includes the time value of money, is achieved.6.Traditional NPV analysis is often too conservative because it ignores profitable options such as theability to expand the project if it is profitable, or abandon the project if it is unprofitable. The option to alter a project when it has already been accepted has a value, which increases the NPV of the project.7.The type of option most likely to affect the decision is the option to expand. If the country justliberalized its markets, there is likely the potential for growth. First entry into a market, whether an entirely new market, or with a new product, can give a company name recognition and market share.This may make it more difficult for competitors entering the market.8.Sensitivity analysis can determine how the financial break-even point changes when some factors(such as fixed costs, variable costs, or revenue) change.9.There are two sources of value with this decision to wait. Potentially, the price of the timber canpotentially increase, and the amount of timber will almost definitely increase, barring a natural catastrophe or forest fire. The option to wait for a logging company is quite valuable, and companies in the industry have models to estimate the future growth of a forest depending on its age.10.When the additional analysis has a negative NPV. Since the additional analysis is likely to occuralmost immediately, this means when the benefits of the additional analysis outweigh the costs. The benefits of the additional analysis are the reduction in the possibility of making a bad decision. Of course, the additional benefits are often difficult, if not impossible, to measure, so much of this decision is based on experience.Solutions to Questions and ProblemsNOTE: All end of chapter problems were solved using a spreadsheet. Many problems require multiple steps. Due to space and readability constraints, when these intermediate steps are included in this solutions manual, rounding may appear to have occurred. However, the final answer for each problem is found without rounding during any step in the problem.Basic1.a. To calculate the accounting breakeven, we first need to find the depreciation for each year. Thedepreciation is:Depreciation = $896,000/8Depreciation = $112,000 per yearAnd the accounting breakeven is:Q A = ($900,000 + 112,000)/($38 – 25)Q A = 77,846 unitsb.We will use the tax shield approach to calculate the OCF. The OCF is:OCF base = [(P – v)Q – FC](1 – t c) + t c DOCF base = [($38 – 25)(100,000) – $900,000](0.65) + 0.35($112,000)OCF base = $299,200Now we can calculate the NPV using our base-case projections. There is no salvage value or NWC, so the NPV is:NPV base = –$896,000 + $299,200(PVIFA15%,8)NPV base = $446,606.60To calculate the sensitivity of the NPV to changes in the quantity sold, we will calculate the NPV at a different quantity. We will use sales of 105,000 units. The NPV at this sales level is:OCF new = [($38 – 25)(105,000) – $900,000](0.65) + 0.35($112,000)OCF new = $341,450And the NPV is:NPV new = –$896,000 + $341,450(PVIFA15%,8)NPV new = $636,195.93So, the change in NPV for every unit change in sales is:∆NPV/∆S = ($636,195.93 – 446,606.60)/(105,000 – 100,000)∆NPV/∆S = +$37.918If sales were to drop by 100 units, then NPV would drop by:NPV drop = $37.918(100) = $3,791.80You may wonder why we chose 105,000 units. Because it doesn’t matter! Whatever sales number we use, when we calculate the change in NPV per unit sold, the ratio will be the same.c.To find out how sensitive OCF is to a change in variable costs, we will compute the OCF at avariable cost of $24. Again, the number we choose to use here is irrelevant: We will get the same ratio of OCF to a one dollar change in variable cost no matter what variable cost we use.So, using the tax shield approach, the OCF at a variable cost of $24 is:OCF new = [($38 – 24)(100,000) – 900,000](0.65) + 0.35($112,000)OCF new = $364,200So, the change in OCF for a $1 change in variable costs is:∆OCF/∆v = ($299,200 – 364,200)/($25 – 24)∆OCF/∆v = –$65,000If variable costs decrease by $5 then, OCF would increase byOCF increase = $65,000*5 = $325,0002.We will use the tax shield approach to calculate the OCF for the best- and worst-case scenarios. Forthe best-case scenario, the price and quantity increase by 10 percent, so we will multiply the base case numbers by 1.1, a 10 percent increase. The variable and fixed costs both decrease by 10 percent, so we will multiply the base case numbers by .9, a 10 percent decrease. Doing so, we get:OCF best = {[($38)(1.1) – ($25)(0.9)](100K)(1.1) – $900K(0.9)}(0.65) + 0.35($112K)OCF best = $892,650The best-case NPV is:NPV best = –$896,000 + $892,650(PVIFA15%,8)NPV best = $3,109,607.54For the worst-case scenario, the price and quantity decrease by 10 percent, so we will multiply the base case numbers by .9, a 10 percent decrease. The variable and fixed costs both increase by 10 percent, so we will multiply the base case numbers by 1.1, a 10 percent increase. Doing so, we get: OCF worst = {[($38)(0.9) – ($25)(1.1)](100K)(0.9) – $900K(1.1)}(0.65) + 0.35($112K)OCF worst = –212,350The worst-case NPV is:NPV worst = –$896,000 – $212,350(PVIFA15%,8)NPV worst = –$1,848,882.723.We can use the accounting breakeven equation:Q A = (FC + D)/(P – v)to solve for the unknown variable in each case. Doing so, we find:(1): Q A = 130,200 = (€850,000 + D)/(€41 – 30)D = €582,200(2): Q A = 135,000 = (€3.2M + 1.15M)/(P –€56)P = €88.22(3): Q A = 5,478 = (€160,000 + 105,000)/(€105 – v)v = €56.624.When calculating the financial breakeven point, we express the initial investment as an equivalentannual cost (EAC). Dividing the in initial investment by the seven-year annuity factor, discounted at12 percent, the EAC of the initial investment is:EAC = Initial Investment / PVIFA12%,5EAC = £200,000 / 3.60478EAC = £55,481.95Note, this calculation solves for the annuity payment with the initial investment as the present value of the annuity, in other words:PVA = C({1 – [1/(1 + R)]t } / R)£200,000 = C{[1 – (1/1.12)5 ] / .12}C = £55,481.95The annual depreciation is the cost of the equipment divided by the economic life, or:Annual depreciation = £200,000 / 5Annual depreciation = £40,000Now we can calculate the financial breakeven point. The financial breakeven point for this project is: Q F = [EAC + FC(1 – t C) – Depreciation(t C)] / [(P – VC)(1 – t C)]Q F = [£55,481.95 + £350,000(.75) – £40,000(0.25)] / [(£25 – 5) (.25)]Q F = 20,532.13 or about 20,532 units5.If we purchase the machine today, the NPV is the cost plus the present value of the increased cashflows, so:NPV0 = –฿1,500,000 + ฿280,000(PVIFA12%,10)NPV0 = ฿82,062.45We should not purchase the machine today. We would want to purchase the machine when the NPV is the highest. So, we need to calculate the NPV each year. The NPV each year will be the cost plus the present value of the increased cash savings. We must be careful however. In order to make the correct decision, the NPV for each year must be taken to a common date. We will discount all of the NPVs to today. Doing so, we get:Year 1: NPV1 = [–฿1,375,000 + ฿280,000(PVIFA12%,9)] / 1.12NPV1 = ฿104,383.88Year 2: NPV2 = [–฿1,250,000 + ฿280,000(PVIFA12%,8)] / 1.122NPV2 = ฿112,355.82Year 3: NPV3 = [–฿1,125,000 + ฿280,000(PVIFA12%,7)] / 1.123NPV3 = ฿108,796.91Year 4: NPV4 = [–฿1,000,000 + ฿280,000(PVIFA12%,6)] / 1.124NPV4 = ฿96,086.55Year 5: NPV5 = [–฿1,000,000 + ฿280,000(PVIFA12%,5)] / 1.125NPV5 = ฿5,298.26Year 6: NPV6 = [–฿1,000,000 + ฿280,000(PVIFA12%,4)] / 1.126NPV6 = –฿75,762.72The company should purchase the machine two years from now when the NPV is the highest.6.We need to calculate the NPV of the two options, go directly to market now, or utilize test marketingfirst. The NPV of going directly to market now is:NPV = C Success (Prob. of Success) + C Failure (Prob. of Failure)NPV = $20,000,000(0.45) + $5,000,000(0.55)NPV = $11,750,000Now we can calculate the NPV of test marketing first. Test marketing requires a $2 million cashoutlay. Choosing the test marketing option will also delay the launch of the product by one year.Thus, the expected payoff is delayed by one year and must be discounted back to year 0.NPV= C0 + {[C Success (Prob. of Success)] + [C Failure (Prob. of Failure)]} / (1 + R)tNPV = –$2,000,000 + {[$20,000,000 (0.75)] + [$5,000,000 (0.25)]} / 1.15NPV = $12,130,434.78The company should not go directly to market with the product since that option has lower expected payoff.7.We need to calculate the NPV of each option, and choose the option with the highest NPV. So, theNPV of going directly to market is:NPV = C Success (Prob. of Success)NPV = Rs.1,200,000 (0.55)NPV = Rs.660,000The NPV of the focus group is:NPV = C0 + C Success (Prob. of Success)NPV = –Rs.120,000 + Rs.1,200,000 (0.70)NPV = Rs.720,000And the NPV of using the consulting firm is:NPV = C0 + C Success (Prob. of Success)NPV = –Rs.400,000 + Rs.1,200,000 (0.90)NPV = Rs.680,000The firm should conduct a focus group since that option has the highest NPV.8.The company should analyze both options, and choose the option with the greatest NPV. So, if thecompany goes to market immediately, the NPV is:NPV = C Success (Prob. of Success) + C Failure (Prob. of Failure)NPV = ₦30,000,000(.55) + ₦3,000,000(.45)NPV = ₦17,850,000.00Customer segment research requires a ₦1 million cash outlay. Choosing the research option will also delay the launch of the product by one year. Thus, the expected payoff is delayed by one year and must be discounted back to year 0. So, the NPV of the customer segment research is:NPV= C0 + {[C Success (Prob. of Success)] + [C Failure (Prob. of Failure)]} / (1 + R)tNPV = –₦1,000,000 + {[₦30,000,000 (0.70)] + [₦3,000,000 (0.30)]} / 1.15NPV = ₦18,043,478.26Graphically, the decision tree for the project is:₦3 million at t = 0The company should undertake the market segment research since it has the largest NPV.9. a.The accounting breakeven is the aftertax sum of the fixed costs and depreciation charge dividedby the aftertax contribution margin (selling price minus variable cost). So, the accounting breakeven level of sales is:Q A = [(FC + Depreciation)(1 – t C)] / [(P – VC)(1 – t C)]Q A = [($340,000 + $20,000) (1 – 0.35)] / [($2.00 – 0.72) (1 – 0.35)]Q A = 281,250.00b.When calculating the financial breakeven point, we express the initial investment as anequivalent annual cost (EAC). Dividing the in initial investment by the seven-year annuity factor, discounted at 15 percent, the EAC of the initial investment is:EAC = Initial Investment / PVIFA15%,7EAC = $140,000 / 4.1604EAC = $33,650.45Note, this calculation solves for the annuity payment with the initial investment as the presentvalue of the annuity, in other words:PVA = C({1 – [1/(1 + R)]t } / R)$140,000 = C{[1 – (1/1.15)7 ] / .15}C = $33,650.45Now we can calculate the financial breakeven point. The financial breakeven point for this project is:Q F = [EAC + FC(1 – t C) – Depreciation(t C)] / [(P – VC)(1 – t C)]Q F = [$33,650.45 + $340,000(.65) – $20,000(.35)] / [($2 – 0.72) (.65)]Q F = 297,656.79 or about 297,657 units10.When calculating the financial breakeven point, we express the initial investment as an equivalentannual cost (EAC). Dividing the in initial investment by the five-year annuity factor, discounted at 8 percent, the EAC of the initial investment is:EAC = Initial Investment / PVIFA8%,5EAC = ¥300,000 / 3.60478EAC = ¥75,136.94Note, this calculation solves for the annuity payment with the initial investment as the present value of the annuity, in other words:PVA = C({1 – [1/(1 + R)]t } / R)¥300,000 = C{[1 – (1/1.08)5 ] / .08}C = ¥75,136.94The annual depreciation is the cost of the equipment divided by the economic life, or:Annual depreciation = ¥300,000 / 5Annual depreciation = ¥60,000Now we can calculate the financial breakeven point. The financial breakeven point for this project is: Q F = [EAC + FC(1 – t C) – Depreciation(t C)] / [(P – VC)(1 – t C)]Q F = [¥75,136.94 + ¥100,000(.66) – ¥60,000(0.34)] / [(¥60 – 8) (.34)]Q F = 3,517.98 or about 3,518 unitsIntermediate11.a. At the accounting breakeven, the IRR is zero percent since the project recovers the initialinvestment. The payback period is N years, the length of the project since the initial investmentis exactly recovered over the project life. The NPV at the accounting breakeven is:NPV = I [(1/N)(PVIFA R%,N) – 1]b. At the cash breakeven level, the IRR is –100 percent, the payback period is negative, and theNPV is negative and equal to the initial cash outlay.c. The definition of the financial breakeven is where the NPV of the project is zero. If this is true,then the IRR of the project is equal to the required return. It is impossible to state the paybackperiod, except to say that the payback period must be less than the length of the project. Sincethe discounted cash flows are equal to the initial investment, the undiscounted cash flows aregreater than the initial investment, so the payback must be less than the project life.ing the tax shield approach, the OCF at 110,000 units will be:OCF = [(P – v)Q – FC](1 – t C) + t C(D)OCF = [($28 – 19)(110,000) – 150,000](0.66) + 0.34($420,000/4)OCF = $590,100We will calculate the OCF at 111,000 units. The choice of the second level of quantity sold is arbitrary and irrelevant. No matter what level of units sold we choose, we will still get the same sensitivity. So, the OCF at this level of sales is:OCF = [($28 – 19)(111,000) – 150,000](0.66) + 0.34($420,000/4)OCF = $596,040The sensitivity of the OCF to changes in the quantity sold is:Sensitivity = ∆OCF/∆Q = ($596,040 – 590,100)/(111,000 – 110,000)∆OCF/∆Q = +$5.94OCF will increase by $5.94 for every additional unit sold.13.a. The base-case, best-case, and worst-case values are shown below. Remember that in the best-case, sales and price increase, while costs decrease. In the worst-case, sales and price decrease,and costs increase.Scenario Unit sales Variable cost Fixed costsBase 190 元15,000 元225,000Best 209 元13,500 元202,500Worst 171 元16,500 元247,500Using the tax shield approach, the OCF and NPV for the base case estimate is:OCF base = [(元21,000 – 15,000)(190) –元225,000](0.65) + 0.35(元720,000/4)OCF base = 元657,750NPV base = –元720,000 + 元657,750(PVIFA15%,4)NPV base = 元1,157,862.02The OCF and NPV for the worst case estimate are:OCF worst = [(元21,000 – 16,500)(171) –元247,500](0.65) + 0.35(元720,000/4)OCF worst = 元402,300NPV worst = –元720,000 + 元402,300(PVIFA15%,4)NPV worst = +元428,557.80And the OCF and NPV for the best case estimate are:OCF best = [(元21,000 – 13,500)(209) –元202,500](0.65) + 0.35(元720,000/4)OCF best = 元950,250NPV best = –元720,000 + 元950,250(PVIFA15%,4)NPV best = 元1,992,943.19b. To calculate the sensitivity of the NPV to changes in fixed costs we choose another level offixed costs. We will use fixed costs of 元230,000. The OCF using this level of fixed costs and the other base case values with the tax shield approach, we get:OCF = [(元21,000 – 15,000)(190) –元230,000](0.65) + 0.35(元720,000/4)OCF = 元654,500And the NPV is:NPV = –元720,000 + 元654,500(PVIFA15%,4)NPV = 元1,148,583.34The sensitivity of NPV to changes in fixed costs is:∆NPV/∆FC = (元1,157,862.02 – 1,148,583.34)/(元225,000 – 230,000)∆NPV/∆FC = –元1.856For every dollar FC increase, NPV falls by 元1.86.c. The accounting breakeven is:Q A= (FC + D)/(P – v)Q A = [元225,000 + (元720,000/4)]/(元21,000 – 15,000)Q A = 68At the accounting breakeven, the DOL is:DOL = 1 + FC/OCFDOL = 1 + (元225,000/元180,000) = 2.25For each 1% increase in unit sales, OCF will increase by 2.25%.14.The marketing study and the research and development are both sunk costs and should be ignored.We will calculate the sales and variable costs first. Since we will lose sales of the expensive clubs and gain sales of the cheap clubs, these must be accounted for as erosion. The total sales for the new project will be:SalesNew clubs €700 ⨯ 55,000 = €38,500,000Exp. clubs €1,100 ⨯ (–13,000) = –14,300,000Cheap clubs €400 ⨯ 10,000 = 4,000,000€28,200,000For the variable costs, we must include the units gained or lost from the existing clubs. Note that the variable costs of the expensive clubs are an inflow. If we are not producing the sets anymore, we will save these variable costs, which is an inflow. So:Var. costsNew clubs –€320 ⨯ 55,000 = –€17,600,000Exp. clubs –€600 ⨯ (–13,000) = 7,800,000Cheap clubs –€180 ⨯ 10,000 = –1,800,000–€11,600,000The pro forma income statement will be:Sales €28,200,000Variable costs 11,600,000Costs 7,500,000Depreciation 2,600,000EBT 6,500,000Taxes 2,600,000Net income € 3,900,000Using the bottom up OCF calculation, we get:OCF = NI + Depreciation = €3,900,000 + 2,600,000OCF = €6,500,000So, the payback period is:Payback period = 2 + €6.15M/€6.5MPayback period = 2.946 yearsThe NPV is:NPV = –€18.2M – .95M + €6.5M(PVIFA14%,7) + €0.95M/1.147NPV = €9,103,636.91And the IRR is:IRR = –€18.2M – .95M + €6.5M(PVIFA IRR%,7) + €0.95M/IRR7IRR = 28.24%15.The upper and lower bounds for the variables are:Base Case Lower Bound Upper Bound Unit sales (new) 55,000 49,500 60,500Price (new) €700 €630 €770VC (new) €320 €288 €352Fixed costs €7,500,000 €6,750,000 €8,250,000Sales lost (expensive) 13,000 11,700 14,300Sales gained (cheap) 10,000 9,000 11,000 Best-caseWe will calculate the sales and variable costs first. Since we will lose sales of the expensive clubs and gain sales of the cheap clubs, these must be accounted for as erosion. The total sales for the new project will be:SalesNew clubs €770 ⨯ 60,500 = €46,585,000Exp. clubs €1,100 ⨯ (–11,700) = – 12,870,000Cheap clubs €400 ⨯ 11,000 = 4,400,000€38,115,000For the variable costs, we must include the units gained or lost from the existing clubs. Note that the variable costs of the expensive clubs are an inflow. If we are not producing the sets anymore, we will save these variable costs, which is an inflow. So:Var. costsNew clubs €288 ⨯ 60,500 = €17,424,000Exp. clubs €600 ⨯ (–11,700) = – 7,020,000Cheap clubs €180 ⨯ 11,000 = 1,980,000€12,384,000Sales €38,115,000Variable costs 12,384,000Costs 6,750,000Depreciation 2,600,000EBT 16,381,000Taxes 6,552,400Net income €9,828,600Using the bottom up OCF calculation, we get:OCF = Net income + Depreciation = €9,828,600 + 2,600,000OCF = €12,428,600And the best-case NPV is:NPV = –€18.2M – .95M + €12,428,600(PVIFA14%,7) + .95M/1.147NPV = €34,527,280.98Worst-caseWe will calculate the sales and variable costs first. Since we will lose sales of the expensive clubs and gain sales of the cheap clubs, these must be accounted for as erosion. The total sales for the new project will be:SalesNew clubs €630 ⨯ 49,500 = €31,185,000Exp. clubs €1,100 ⨯ (– 14,300) = – 15,730,000Cheap clubs €400 ⨯ 9,000 = 3,600,000€19,055,000For the variable costs, we must include the units gained or lost from the existing clubs. Note that the variable costs of the expensive clubs are an inflow. If we are not producing the sets anymore, we will save these variable costs, which is an inflow. So:Var. costsNew clubs €352 ⨯ 49,500 = €17,424,000Exp. clubs €600 ⨯ (– 14,300) = – 8,580,000Cheap clubs €180 ⨯ 9,000 = 1,620,000€10,464,000Sales €19,055,000Variable costs 10,464,000Costs 8,250,000Depreciation 2,600,000EBT – 2,259,000Taxes 903,600 *assumes a tax creditNet income –€1,355,400Using the bottom up OCF calculation, we get:OCF = NI + Depreciation = –€1,355,400 + 2,600,000OCF = €1,244,600And the worst-case NPV is:NPV = –€18.2M – .95M + €1,244,600(PVIFA14%,7) + .95M/1.147NPV = –€13,433,120.3416.To calculate the sensitivity of the NPV to changes in the price of the new club, we simply need tochange the price of the new club. We will choose €750, but the choice is irrelevant as the sensitivity will be the same no matter what price we choose.We will calculate the sales and variable costs first. Since we will lose sales of the expensive clubs and gain sales of the cheap clubs, these must be accounted for as erosion. The total sales for the new project will be:SalesNew clubs €750 ⨯ 55,000 = €41,250,000Exp. clubs €1,100 ⨯ (– 13,000) = –14,300,000Cheap clubs €400 ⨯ 10,000 = 4,000,000€30,950,000For the variable costs, we must include the units gained or lost from the existing clubs. Note that the variable costs of the expensive clubs are an inflow. If we are not producing the sets anymore, we will save these variable costs, which is an inflow. So:Var. costsNew clubs €320 ⨯ 55,000 = €17,600,000Exp. clubs €600 ⨯ (–13,000) = –7,800,000Cheap clubs €180 ⨯ 10,000 = 1,800,000€11,600,000Sales €30,950,000Variable costs 11,600,000Costs 7,500,000Depreciation 2,600,000EBT 9,250,000Taxes 3,700,000Net income € 5,550,000Using the bottom up OCF calculation, we get:OCF = NI + Depreciation = €5,550,000 + 2,600,000OCF = €8,150,000And the NPV is:NPV = –€18.2M – 0.95M + €8.15M(PVIFA14%,7) + .95M/1.147NPV = €16,179,339.89So, the sensitivity of the NPV to changes in the price of the new club is:∆NPV/∆P = (€16,179,339.89 – 9,103,636.91)/(€750 – 700)∆NPV/∆P = €141,514.06For every euro increase (decrease) in the price of the clubs, the NPV increases (decreases) by €141,514.06.To calculate the sensitivity of the NPV to changes in the quantity sold of the new club, we simply need to change the quantity sold. We will choose 60,000 units, but the choice is irrelevant as the sensitivity will be the same no matter what quantity we choose.We will calculate the sales and variable costs first. Since we will lose sales of the expensive clubs and gain sales of the cheap clubs, these must be accounted for as erosion. The total sales for the new project will be:SalesNew clubs €700 ⨯ 60,000 = €42,000,000Exp. clubs €1,100 ⨯ (– 13,000) = –14,300,000Cheap clubs €400 ⨯ 10,000 = 4,000,000€31,700,000For the variable costs, we must include the units gained or lost from the existing clubs. Note that the variable costs of the expensive clubs are an inflow. If we are not producing the sets anymore, we will save these variable costs, which is an inflow. So:Var. costsNew clubs €320 ⨯ 60,000 = €19,200,000Exp. clubs €600 ⨯ (–13,000) = –7,800,000Cheap clubs €180 ⨯ 10,000 = 1,800,000€13,200,000The pro forma income statement will be:Sales €31,700,000Variable costs 13,200,000Costs 7,500,000Depreciation 2,600,000EBT 8,400,000Taxes 3,360,000Net income € 5,040,000Using the bottom up OCF calculation, we get:OCF = NI + Depreciation = €5,040,000 + 2,600,000OCF = €7,640,000The NPV at this quantity is:NPV = –€18.2M –€0.95M + €7.64(PVIFA14%,7) + €0.95M/1.147NPV = €13,992,304.43So, the sensitivity of the NPV to changes in the quantity sold is:∆NPV/∆Q = (€13,992,304.43 – 9,103,636.91)/(60,000 – 55,000)∆NPV/∆Q = €977.73For an increase (decrease) of one set of clubs sold per year, the NPV increases (decreases) by€977.73.17.a. The base-case NPV is:NPV = –£1,750,000 + £420,000(PVIFA16%,10)NPV = £279,955.54b.We would abandon the project if the cash flow from selling the equipment is greater than thepresent value of the future cash flows. We need to find the sale quantity where the two are equal, so:£1,500,000 = (£60)Q(PVIFA16%,9)Q = £1,500,000/[£60(4.6065)]Q = 5,427.11Abandon the project if Q < 5,428 units, because the NPV of abandoning the project is greater than the NPV of the future cash flows.c.The £1,500,000 is the market value of the project. If you continue with the project in one year,you forego the £1,500,000 that could have been used for something else.18. a.If the project is a success, present value of the future cash flows will be:PV future CFs = £60(9,000)(PVIFA16%,9)PV future CFs = £2,487,533.69From the previous question, if the quantity sold is 4,000, we would abandon the project, and the cash flow would be £1,500,000. Since the project has an equal likelihood of success or failure in one year, the expected value of the project in one year is the average of the success and failure cash flows, plus the cash flow in one year, so:Expected value of project at year 1 = [(£2,487,533.69 + £1,500,000)/2] + £420,000Expected value of project at year 1 = £2,413,766.85The NPV is the present value of the expected value in one year plus the cost of the equipment, so:NPV = –£1,750,000 + (£2,413,766.85)/1.16NPV = £330,833.49b. If we couldn’t abandon the project, the present value of the fut ure cash flows when the quantityis 4,000 will be:PV future CFs = £60(4,000)(PVIFA16%,9)PV future CFs = £1,105,570.53The gain from the option to abandon is the abandonment value minus the present value of the cash flows if we cannot abandon the project, so:Gain from option to abandon = £1,500,000 – 1,105,570.53Gain from option to abandon = £394,429.47We need to find the value of the option to abandon times the likelihood of abandonment. So, the value of the option to abandon today is:Option value = (.50)(£394,429.47)/1.16Option value = £170,012.70。
Kurzweil 3000 Mac Getting Started Guide
Kurzweil 3000 for Macintosh Getting Started GuideKURZWEIL 3000 PRODUCTS (3)OPEN KURZWEIL 3000 (4)Web License (4)Desktop Client - Standalone (4)Tip Of The Day (4)Offline Mode (4)ACCESS CONTENT (5)File Menu (5)Starting Points Menu (5)The Universal Library - Web License (5)Google Drive (5)Images of Printed Material (6)From Online File Storage - (6)From a Scanner (connected to your computer) (6)Virtual Print (6)STARTING POINTS (7)PALETTES (8)Reading Palette (8)Tools Palette (10)TOOLBARS (12)Manage Toolbars (12)Reading Toolbar (12)Studying Toolbar (13)Writing Path Toolbar (14)Document Prep Tools (16)Other Tools (17)DON’T FORGET TO SAVE! (18)RESOURCES (18)Kurzweil 3000 Universal LibraryAdd to Chrome or Firefox web browsers for Text to Speech (TTS) access to content on the flyWEB LICENSEYour username and password are the same for ALL Kurzweil 3000 Web License Subscriptioncomponents.If you are the Kurzweil site administrator– login is emailed to you in your welcome package from Kurzweil’s Customer Service team.If you are a teacher or student– check with your school/district Kurzweil site administrator to obtain your username and password.Universal Library is accessible in Web, Windows, and Mac versionsDESKTOP CLIENT - STANDALONEDouble Click the Kurzweil 3000 icon on your desktop, dock or Applications folder.TIP OF THE DAYThe Tip of the Day will automatically open with a different tip.You can click Previous, Next or Random to see other tips.OFFLINE MODEIf no internet connection is detected when you launch Kurzweil 3000 Web License, you may still be able to use Kurzweil 3000 in Offline Mode.You’ll need to have previously logged into Kurzweil 3000 Web License on your machine with internet access within your subscription’s Offline Mode duration for this to be available.FILE MENUKurzweil 3000 can open a variety of files and convert them to .kes files.From your local Computer, the Universal Library, or Google Drive•File > Open…, Open from Universal Library, or Open from Google Drive STARTING POINTS MENUFrom here you can:•Open a New draft document•Open an existing file from your local computerTHE UNIVERSAL LIBRARY - WEB LICENSEUnlimited cloud storage for your Kurzweil 3000 files in addition to some pre-loaded content:•Your Private and Public folders•Public folders for the Top Level admin and any teachers or students in yourteam. Students cannot see other student’s folders.•Classic Literature folder (1800+ titles)•Help files folder•Non-Fiction Bookbag folder containing 15 titles for grades 3 through 8•Sample files folder•TemplatesClick on the toggle arrow next to a folder to expand itClick on the folder where the file is savedChoose the file from the list on the rightGOOGLE DRIVE•File > Open from Google Drive•Click the Sign In button if you are not already signed into Google Drive•Locate your file and click OpenIMAGES OF PRINTED MATERIAL•PICTURES OF PAGES, FROM CELL PHONE, ETC.o Save (or upload) image to Google Drive or your local computero Open the image using File > Open… or Open from Google DriveFROM ONLINE FILE STORAGE -•SUCH AS DROP BOX, ONE DRIVE, BOX, ETC.o Download the file to your computer from the online storage program (such as Dropbox)o Use File > Open, to locate the fileFROM A SCANNER (CONNECTED TO YOUR COMPUTER)•(CONNECTED TO YOUR COMPUTER)o Choose Scan >Scan New DocumentVIRTUAL PRINT•BRING FILES FROM ANOTHER APPLICATION INTO KRUZWEL 3OO TO SAVE AS A .KES FILE o Open a file in its native applicationo File > Printo In the PDF dropdown, choose Open as a PDF in Kurzweil 3000o The file will appear in KURZWEIL 3000 to be read, saved, etc.Different toolbars and palettes will be available based on the type of document you are in.DETAILSPlace cursor where you want to startToggle Reading Audio Reading SpeedTOOLS PALETTEHighlight, Circle orCross-out textMANAGE TOOLBARS• Select a desired Toolbar• Double click on a Toolbar to Customize • Choose from the options in the popup window, •Choose Toolbar formatREADING TOOLBARSTUDYING TOOLBARWRITING PATH TOOLBARDOCUMENT PREP TOOLSOTHER TOOLSYou can save files to your local computer, a local network folder, Save a copy to Google Drive, and the Universal Library (Web License Subscription Only).The Kurzweil AcademyNew product features, videos, downloads, strategies and more!https:///kurzweil-academy/kurzweil-academy.htmlYouTube – How tohttps:///channel/UCUviWXqiuQJc-px3xHp2qDA。
托福综合写作模板总结(完整版)
托福综合写作模板总结及词汇总结多样化表达：阅读：The reading, the passage, the author, the article听力：The listening, the lecture, the lecturer, the professor, the speaker认为：believe, hold, suggest, support, point out, advocate(提倡，主张，通常不用于反对意见), claim反驳：Criticize vt. 批评criticism n. （crisis n. 危机）Argue, challenge, doubt, disagree, refute,…. Is questionable.但是：However, although, on the other hand, in contrast, while,增加：Increase(n&vt), boost ( boost the economy )(n&vt使增长；推动；改进；使兴旺), maximize/maximization, add to sth (global warming)Improve/improvement, enhance/enhancement, heightenfortify/fortification(vt使强化，使振作), advance(vi&vt&n)expansion(used in size, number, amount), amplify(扩大声音、增强，加剧), enlarge （及物&不及物，扩大；～on sth 进一步说明，详述）thrive降低：Decline(vi&n), decrease, minimize/minimization, reduce/reduction, cut down, shrink(vi&vt)/shrinkageDamage, impair(vt, 损害，削弱), cause damage to, harm, hurtDestroy, destruction, do great damage to, do harm to, ruin, catastrophic damage，the disastrous consequence，endanger（vt危及，危害）影响：aftermath 后果，余波the ~ of (an important event)affect副词：definitely ，totally（disagree with），strongly（influenced by）其他：Utility 用途Alternative/ substitute：an alternative to sth 某事物的替代品；alternative sth 备用，可替代sthsb substitute one thing for another/ one thing substitute for another 取代，替换a substitute for sth 替代品生物生态类：物种数量骤降/骤增分析原因：假说分析Hypothesis, explanation, cause, theoryPredator, predation, pollution, climate change, habitat, insect, human actionat long-term environmental expense（It exposes the fallacy of short-term industrial gain at long-term environmental expense这暴露了以长久的环境破坏为代价换取短期工业利益的错误。
金宝透析机
择AD 换器(SELECT ADAD-CONVERTER) CPU C CPU P CPU W MM95
39
感器
压 感器CPU P 时 时 PH PH探头 探头 压保 压保 压力 压力 感器 感器 压力 压力 感器 感器 探 器 析压力 析压力 感器 感器 PD) PD) 导 导 感器 感器A AB BP P 导 导 感器 感器P P 导 导 感器 感器B B
口 口 按 按Hold Hold I2C I2C 择 择
出 出 感器 感器 检查 检查 EEPROM EEPROM
在检查 在检查 I2C I2C
在删 在删 按 按 择 择
断 断 单中 单中
录 录
I2C I2C EEPROM EEPROM 检查完 检查完 感器 感器 XXXXX XXXXX EEPROM 地址 EEPROM 地址 更 更 出 出
12
COBE 2991 Cell Processor 2991 机
• • • 份 去 Leukocyte poor washed packed cells (LPWPC) 冷冻 去 Deglycerolized frozen red blood cells (DFRBC) 及外周 处 Bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell processing (BMP/PBSC) 处 手术 伤及 他 大容 份 Intraoperative salvage and large volume (IAT) 未 或幼 Neocyte or young red blood cell (YRBC) isolation 一个单 Single unit leukocyte concentration (granulocytes)
TOEFL综写
阅题：
一.阅读材料 要求3分钟内通读250词左右的一篇学术短文。需要找出主论点和三个分论点并依此进行后续的听力。 短文第一段：主论点段。读完全段。第一句提出所议论的学术主题，最后一句提出作者所持意见，即主论点。 （偶尔有主题在第二句或主论点在倒数第二句的情况。） 短文二三四段：这三段的首句分别为三个分论点，用来支撑阅读首段主论点。首段后面是分论点的细节。细 节对分论点进行论述，其中体现因果关系：细节 - 因；论点 - 果 主论点和分论点之间是总分关系；分论点和细节是因果关系。
阅读界面
二.听力材料： 结构：对应阅读部分的四段，听力部分也是四段：逐一反驳阅读主论点和三个分论点； 内容：根据听力对阅读内容的复述、逻辑转折词来定位反驳内容（论点反驳和细节）； 听的过程中抓住表否定或质疑的词，着重记录听力中的反驳观点和细节。有时一个分论点反驳会有不 止一个细节，需要记全； 简要笔记，但不要耽误听力的进行。
模板 = 结构框架 + 内容
序数词/逻辑顺序短语 + 阅读内容（论点+细节）+ 逻辑转折词/句 + 听力内容（反驳+细节）
例：分论点段结构
First,the reading passage says that 论点，because 细节.However, the professor argues that 反驳，since 细节.
斯仑贝谢所有测井曲线英文名称
斯仑贝谢所有测井曲线英文名称斯仑贝谢所有测井曲线英文名称OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM ACRONYMS USED FOR WIRELINE SCHLUMBERGER TOOLSACT Aluminum Clay ToolAMS Auxiliary Measurement SondeAPS Accelerator Porosity SondeARI Azimuthal Resistivity ImagerASI Array Sonic ImagerBGKT Vertical Seismic Profile ToolBHC Borehole Compensated Sonic ToolBHTV Borehole TeleviewerCBL Casing Bond LogCNT Compensated Neutron ToolDIT Dual Induction ToolDLL Dual LaterologDSI Dipole Sonic ImagerFMS Formation MicroScannerGHMT Geologic High Resolution Magnetic Tool GPIT General Purpose Inclinometer ToolGR Natural Gamma RayGST Induced Gamma Ray Spectrometry Tool HLDS Hostile Environment Lithodensity Sonde HLDT Hostile Environment Lithodensity Tool HNGS Hostile Environment Gamma Ray Sonde LDT Lithodensity ToolLSS Long Spacing Sonic ToolMCD Mechanical Caliper DeviceNGT Natural Gamma Ray Spectrometry Tool NMRT Nuclear Resonance Magnetic Tool QSST Inline Checkshot ToolSDT Digital Sonic ToolSGT Scintillation Gamma Ray ToolSUMT Susceptibility Magnetic ToolUBI Ultrasonic Borehole ImagerVSI Vertical Seismic ImagerWST Well Seismic ToolWST-3 3-Components Well Seismic Tool OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM ACRONYMS USED FOR LWD SCHLUMBERGER TOOLSADN Azimuthal Density-NeutronCDN Compensated Density-NeutronCDR Compensated Dual ResistivityISONIC Ideal Sonic-While-DrillingNMR Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceRAB Resistivity-at-the-BitOCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM ACRONYMS USED FORNON-SCHLUMBERGER SPECIALTY TOOLSMCS Multichannel Sonic ToolMGT Multisensor Gamma ToolSST Shear Sonic ToolTAP Temperature-Acceleration-Pressure Tool TLT Temperature Logging ToolOCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM ACRONYMS AND UNITS USED FOR WIRELINE SCHLUMBERGER LOGS AFEC APS Far Detector Counts (cps)ANEC APS Near Detector Counts (cps)AX Acceleration X Axis (ft/s2)AY Acceleration Y Axis (ft/s2)AZ Acceleration Z Axis (ft/s2)AZIM Constant Azimuth for DeviationCorrection (deg)APLC APS Near/Array Limestone Porosity Corrected (%)C1 FMS Caliper 1 (in)C2 FMS Caliper 2 (in)CALI Caliper (in)CFEC Corrected Far Epithermal Counts (cps) CFTC Corrected Far Thermal Counts (cps) CGR Computed (Th+K) Gamma Ray (API units)CHR2 Peak Coherence, Receiver Array, Upper DipoleCHRP Compressional Peak Coherence, Receiver Array, P&SCHRS Shear Peak Coherence, Receiver Array, P&SCHTP Compressional Peak Coherence, Transmitter Array, P&SCHTS Shear Peak Coherence, Transmitter Array, P&SCNEC Corrected Near Epithermal Counts (cps) CNTC Corrected Near Thermal Counts (cps)CS Cable Speed (m/hr)CVEL Compressional Velocity (km/s)DATN Discriminated Attenuation (db/m)DBI Discriminated Bond IndexDEVI Hole Deviation (degrees)DF Drilling Force (lbf)DIFF Difference Between MEAN and MEDIAN in Delta-Time Proc. (microsec/ft)DRH HLDS Bulk Density Correction (g/cm3) DRHO Bulk Density Correction (g/cm3)DT Short Spacing Delta-Time (10'-8' spacing; microsec/ft)DT1 Delta-Time Shear, Lower Dipole (microsec/ft)DT2 Delta-Time Shear, Upper Dipole (microsec/ft)DT4P Delta- Time Compressional, P&S (microsec/ft)DT4S Delta- Time Shear, P&S (microsec/ft)) DT1R Delta- Time Shear, Receiver Array, Lower Dipole (microsec/ft)DT2R Delta- Time Shear, Receiver Array,Upper Dipole (microsec/ft)DT1T Delta-Time Shear, Transmitter Array, Lower Dipole (microsec/ft)DT2T Delta-Time Shear, Transmitter Array, Upper Dipole (microsec/ft)DTCO Delta- Time Compressional (microsec/ft) DTL Long Spacing Delta-Time (12'-10' spacing; microsec/ft)DTLF Long Spacing Delta-Time (12'-10' spacing; microsec/ft)DTLN Short Spacing Delta-Time (10'-8' spacing; microsec/ftDTRP Delta-Time Compressional, Receiver Array, P&S (microsec/ft)DTRS Delta-Time Shear, Receiver Array, P&S (microsec/ft)DTSM Delta-Time Shear (microsec/ft)DTST Delta-Time Stoneley (microsec/ft)DTTP Delta-Time Compressional, Transmitter Array, P&S (microsec/ft)DTTS Delta-Time Shear, Transmitter Array,P&S (microsec/ft)ECGR Environmentally Corrected Gamma Ray (API units)EHGR Environmentally Corrected High Resolution Gamma Ray (API units)ENPH Epithermal Neutron Porosity (%) ENRA Epithermal Neutron RatioETIM Elapsed Time (sec)FINC Magnetic Field Inclination (degrees) FNOR Magnetic Field Total Moment (oersted) FX Magnetic Field on X Axis (oersted)FY Magnetic Field on Y Axis (oersted)FZ Magnetic Field on Z Axis (oersted)GR Natural Gamma Ray (API units)HALC High Res. Near/Array Limestone Porosity Corrected (%)HAZI Hole Azimuth (degrees)HBDC High Res. Bulk Density Correction(g/cm3)HBHK HNGS Borehole Potassium (%)HCFT High Resolution Corrected Far Thermal Counts (cps)HCGR HNGS Computed Gamma Ray (APIunits)HCNT High Resolution Corrected Near Thermal Counts (cps)HDEB High Res. Enhanced Bulk Density (g/cm3) HDRH High Resolution Density Correction(g/cm3)HFEC High Res. Far Detector Counts (cps)HFK HNGS Formation Potassium (%)HFLC High Res. Near/Far Limestone Porosity Corrected (%)HEGR Environmentally Corrected High Resolution Natural Gamma Ray (API units) HGR High Resolution Natural Gamma Ray (API units)HLCA High Res. Caliper (inHLEF High Res. Long-spaced Photoelectric Effect (barns/e-)HNEC High Res. Near Detector Counts (cps) HNPO High Resolution Enhanced Thermal Nutron Porosity (%)HNRH High Resolution Bulk Density (g/cm3) HPEF High Resolution Photoelectric Effect(barns/e-)HRHO High Resolution Bulk Density (g/cm3) HROM High Res. Corrected Bulk Density(g/cm3)HSGR HNGS Standard (total) Gamma Ray (API units)HSIG High Res. Formation Capture Cross Section (capture units)HSTO High Res. Computed Standoff (in) HTHO HNGS Thorium (ppm)HTNP High Resolution Thermal Neutron Porosity (%)HURA HNGS Uranium (ppm)IDPH Phasor Deep Induction (ohmm)IIR Iron Indicator Ratio [CFE/(CCA+CSI)]ILD Deep Resistivity (ohmm)ILM Medium Resistivity (ohmm)IMPH Phasor Medium Induction (ohmm)ITT Integrated Transit Time (s)LCAL HLDS Caliper (in)LIR Lithology Indicator Ratio [CSI/(CCA+CSI)] LLD Laterolog Deep (ohmm)LLS Laterolog Shallow (ohmm)LTT1 Transit Time (10'; microsec)LTT2 Transit Time (8'; microsec)LTT3 Transit Time (12'; microsec)LTT4 Transit Time (10'; microsec)MAGB Earth's Magnetic Field (nTes)MAGC Earth Conductivity (ppm)MAGS Magnetic Susceptibility (ppm)MEDIAN Median Delta-T Recomputed (microsec/ft)MEAN Mean Delta-T Recomputed (microsec/ft)NATN Near Pseudo-Attenuation (db/m)NMST Magnetometer Temperature (degC)NMSV Magnetometer Signal Level (V)NPHI Neutron Porosity (%)NRHB LDS Bulk Density (g/cm3)P1AZ Pad 1 Azimuth (degrees)PEF Photoelectric Effect (barns/e-)PEFL LDS Long-spaced Photoelectric Effect (barns/e-)PIR Porosity Indicator Ratio [CHY/(CCA+CSI)]POTA Potassium (%)RB Pad 1 Relative Bearing (degrees)RHL LDS Long-spaced Bulk Density (g/cm3)RHOB Bulk Density (g/cm3)RHOM HLDS Corrected Bulk Density (g/cm3)RMGS Low Resolution Susceptibility (ppm)SFLU Spherically Focused Log (ohmm)SGR Total Gamma Ray (API units)SIGF APS Formation Capture Cross Section (capture units)SP Spontaneous Potential (mV)STOF APS Computed Standoff (in)SURT Receiver Coil Temperature (degC)SVEL Shear Velocity (km/s)SXRT NMRS differential Temperature (degC) TENS Tension (lb)THOR Thorium (ppm)TNRA Thermal Neutron RatioTT1 Transit Time (10' spacing; microsec)TT2 Transit Time (8' spacing; microsec)TT3 Transit Time (12' spacing; microsec)TT4 Transit Time (10' spacing; microsec) URAN Uranium (ppm)V4P Compressional Velocity, from DT4P (P&S; km/s)V4S Shear Velocity, from DT4S (P&S; km/s)VELP Compressional Velocity (processed from waveforms; km/s)VELS Shear Velocity (processed from waveforms; km/s)VP1 Compressional Velocity, from DT, DTLN, or MEAN (km/s)VP2 Compressional Velocity, from DTL, DTLF, or MEDIAN (km/s)VCO Compressional Velocity, from DTCO (km/s)VS Shear Velocity, from DTSM (km/s)VST Stonely Velocity, from DTST km/s)VS1 Shear Velocity, from DT1 (Lower Dipole; km/s)VS2 Shear Velocity, from DT2 (Upper Dipole; km/s)VRP Compressional Velocity, from DTRP (Receiver Array, P&S; km/s)VRS Shear Velocity, from DTRS (Receiver Array, P&S; km/s)VS1R Shear Velocity, from DT1R (Receiver Array, Lower Dipole; km/s)VS2R Shear Velocity, from DT2R (Receiver Array, Upper Dipole; km/s)VS1T Shear Velocity, from DT1T (Transmitter Array, Lower Dipole; km/s)VS2T Shear Velocity, from DT2T (TransmitterArray, Upper Dipole; km/s)VTP Compressional Velocity, from DTTP (Transmitter Array, P&S; km/s)VTS Shear Velocity, from DTTS (Transmitter Array, P&S; km/s)#POINTS Number of Transmitter-Receiver Pairs Used in Sonic ProcessingW1NG NGT Window 1 counts (cps)W2NG NGT Window 2 counts (cps)W3NG NGT Window 3 counts (cps)W4NG NGT Window 4 counts (cps)W5NG NGT Window 5 counts (cps)OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAMACRONYMS AND UNITS USED FOR LWD SCHLUMBERGER LOGSAT1F Attenuation Resistivity (1 ft resolution; ohmm)AT2F Attenuation Resistivity (2 ft resolution; ohmm)AT3F Attenuation Resistivity (3 ft resolution; ohmm)AT4F Attenuation Resistivity (4 ft resolution; ohmm)AT5F Attenuation Resistivity (5 ft resolution; ohmm)ATR Attenuation Resistivity (deep; ohmm)BFV Bound Fluid Volume (%)B1TM RAB Shallow Resistivity Time after Bit (s)B2TM RAB Medium Resistivity Time after Bit (s)B3TM RAB Deep Resistivity Time after Bit (s)BDAV Deep Resistivity Average (ohmm)BMAV Medium Resistivity Average (ohmm)BSAV Shallow Resistivity Average (ohmm)CGR Computed (Th+K) Gamma Ray (API units)DCAL Differential Caliper (in)DROR Correction for CDN rotational density (g/cm3).DRRT Correction for ADN rotational density (g/cm3).DTAB AND or CDN Density Time after Bit (hr)FFV Free Fluid Volume (%)GR Gamma Ray (API Units)GR7 Sum Gamma Ray WindowsGRW7+GRW8+GRW9-Equivalent to Wireline NGT window 5 (cps)GRW3 Gamma Ray Window 3 counts(cps)-Equivalent to Wireline NGT window 1GRW4 Gamma Ray Window 4 counts(cps)-Equivalent to Wireline NGT window 2GRW5 Gamma Ray Window 5 counts(cps)-Equivalent to Wireline NGT window 3GRW6 Gamma Ray Window 6 counts(cps)-Equivalent to Wireline NGT window 4GRW7 Gamma Ray Window 7 counts (cps) GRW8 Gamma Ray Window 8 counts (cps) GRW9 Gamma Ray Window 9 counts (cps) GTIM CDR Gamma Ray Time after Bit (s) GRTK RAB Gamma Ray Time after Bit (s) HEF1 Far He Bank 1 counts (cps)HEF2 Far He Bank 2 counts (cps)HEF3 Far He Bank 3 counts (cps)HEF4 Far He Bank 4 counts (cps)HEN1 Near He Bank 1 counts (cps)HEN2 Near He Bank 2 counts (cps)HEN3 Near He Bank 3 counts (cps)HEN4 Near He Bank 4 counts (cps)MRP Magnetic Resonance PorosityNTAB ADN or CDN Neutron Time after Bit (hr)PEF Photoelectric Effect (barns/e-)POTA Potassium (%) ROPE Rate of Penetration (ft/hr)PS1F Phase Shift Resistivity (1 ft resolution; ohmm)PS2F Phase Shift Resistivity (2 ft resolution; ohmm)PS3F Phase Shift Resistivity (3 ft resolution; ohmm)PS4F Phase Shift Resistivity (4 ft resolution; ohmm)PS5F Phase Shift Resistivity (5 ft resolution; ohmm)PSR Phase Shift Resistivity (shallow; ohmm)RBIT Bit Resistivity (ohmm)RBTM RAB Resistivity Time After Bit (s)RING Ring Resistivity (ohmm)ROMT Max. Density Total (g/cm3) from rotational processingROP Rate of Penetration (m/hr)ROP1 Rate of Penetration, average over last 1 ft (m/hr).ROP5 Rate of Penetration, average over last 5 ft (m/hr)ROPE Rate of Penetration, averaged over last 5 ft (ft/hr)RPM RAB Tool Rotation Speed (rpm)RTIM CDR or RAB Resistivity Time after Bit (hr)SGR Total Gamma Ray (API units)T2 T2 Distribution (%)T2LM T2 Logarithmic Mean (ms)THOR Thorium (ppm)TNPH Thermal Neutron Porosity (%)TNRA Thermal RatioURAN Uranium (ppm)OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM ADDITIONAL ACRONYMS AND UNITS(PROCESSED LOGS FROM GEOCHEMICAL TOOL STRING)AL2O3 Computed Al2O3 (dry weight %)AL2O3MIN Computed Al2O3 Standard Deviation (dry weight %)AL2O3MAX Computed Al2O3 Standard Deviation (dry weight %)CAO Computed CaO (dry weight %)CAOMIN Computed CaO Standard Deviation (dry weight %)CAOMAX Computed CaO Standard Deviation (dry weight %)CACO3 Computed CaCO3 (dry weight %)CACO3MIN Computed CaCO3 Standard Deviation (dry weight %)CACO3MAX Computed CaCO3 Standard Deviation (dry weight %)CCA Calcium Yield (decimal fraction)CCHL Chlorine Yield (decimal fraction)CFE Iron Yield (decimal fraction)CGD Gadolinium Yield (decimal fraction)CHY Hydrogen Yield (decimal fraction)CK Potassium Yield (decimal fraction)CSI Silicon Yield (decimal fraction)CSIG Capture Cross Section (capture units) CSUL Sulfur Yield (decimal fraction)CTB Background Yield (decimal fraction) CTI Titanium Yield (decimal fraction)FACT Quality Control CurveFEO Computed FeO (dry weight %)FEOMIN Computed FeO Standard Deviation (dry weight %)FEOMAX Computed FeO Standard Deviation(dry weight %)FEO* Computed FeO* (dry weight %)FEO*MIN Computed FeO* Standard Deviation (dry weight %)FEO*MAX Computed FeO* Standard Deviation (dry weight %)FE2O3 Computed Fe2O3 (dry weight %)FE2O3MIN Computed Fe2O3 Standard Deviation (dry weight %)FE2O3MAX Computed Fe2O3 Standard Deviation (dry weight %)GD Computed Gadolinium (dry weight %)GDMIN Computed Gadolinium Standard Deviation (dry weight %)GDMAX Computed Gadolinium Standard Deviation (dry weight %)K2O Computed K2O (dry weight %)K2OMIN Computed K2O Standard Deviation (dry weight %)K2OMAX Computed K2O Standard Deviation (dry weight %)MGO Computed MgO (dry weight %)MGOMIN Computed MgO Standard Deviation (dry weight %)MGOMAX Computed MgO Standard Deviation (dry weight %)S Computed Sulfur (dry weight %)SMIN Computed Sulfur Standard Deviation (dry weight %)SMAX Computed Sulfur Standard Deviation (dry weight %)SIO2 Computed SiO2 (dry weight %)SIO2MIN Computed SiO2 Standard Deviation (dry weight %)SIO2MAX Computed SiO2 Standard Deviation (dry weight %)THORMIN Computed Thorium Standard Deviation (ppm)THORMAX Computed Thorium Standard Deviation (ppm)TIO2 Computed TiO2 (dry weight %)TIO2MIN Computed TiO2 Standard Deviation (dry weight %)TIO2MAX Computed TiO2 Standard Deviation (dry weight %)URANMIN Computed Uranium Standard Deviation (ppm)URANMAX Computed Uranium Standard Deviation (ppm)VARCA Variable CaCO3/CaO calcium carbonate/oxide factor。
AyersGTS 使用手冊说明书
AyersGTS工作站使用手冊Ayers Solutions Limited修改紀錄版本日期詳情copyV1.0 22-Mar-04 InitialV1.1 25-Mar-04 Update the section “Recommended Daily Operation Flow”V1.2 18-Apr-04 Update the “Input Order” sectionUpdate the “Upload Interface File” sectionUpdate the “Client Master” screenAdd section “Enable Internet Trading For Client Acc”V1.4.5 13-Jul-04 Update the “Input Order” SectionV1.4.12 20-Jan-05 Update the “save/load/clear desktop setting” SectionAdd “Report” sectionV1.5 15-Mar-05 Add the “Enable IVR trading” sectionAdd the “Filter rows in order journal” sectionAdd the “Update/Cancel multiple orders” sectionAdd section “Sell Transaction Amount Limit”V1.6.4 13-Mar-06 Update with latest information up to v1.6.4graphicstheV1.6.6 22-May-06 UpdateV1.6.8 28-Aug-06 Add new credit line “Nominal Deviation Limit” on Appendix AV1.6.8a 30-Nov-06 Add the “Run Batch Report” SectionV1.7.6 10-Oct-07 User manual revampV1.8.2 18-June-08 User manual revampV1.8.3 1-Aug-08 Add Manual Trade and Odd Lot Trade sectionV1.8.3 4-Aug-08 Add enhanced stop limit order with trailing stop sectionV1.9.0 17-Nov-08 Add Futures functionV1.9.3 22-Jun-09 User manual revampV1.10.0 8-Feb-10 User manual revampV1.10.3 26-June-10 User manual revampV1.10.4 8-Jul-10 Add “Last Updated Time” in “O/S Order” and “Today Orders” pageof Client Portfolio EnquiryAdd Reject Confirmed Cash Deposit/WithdrawCan disable the client a/c field input in Client PortfolioV1.10.5 13-Aug-10 Able to lock/unlock windows ; Group the windows in GTSAdd the URL access right in Market InformationAble to remove the button “Cancel All” and “Close All Positions” inGlobal Market Layout 2; Able to show column ‘Condition’ (OrderType + Condition) in Order JournalV1.10.6 22-Oct-10 Batch Interface File Import/Export SchedulerNew fields (e.g. Trigger price, fee, exchange order info) availablein Order Journal ;Show average price in Client Portfolio and Client Product PositionV1.10.7 26-Nov-10 Allow to copy/duplicate report job item;Allow to send email for report jobV1.10.8 28-Dec-10 New Function : User Reset PasswordV1.11.0 15-Jan-11 User manual revampV1.11.1 19-Feb-11 Request add “currency” column in order journal and trade journalAdd margin calculation mode in Setup ExchangeV1.11.2 18-June-11 User manual revampV1.11.3 23-Aug-11 User manual revampV1.11.4 18-Jun-11 User manual revampV1.11.5 21-Jul-11 User manual revampV1.11.6 2-Sep-11 User manual revampV1.11.7 1-Feb-11 User manual revampV1.12.1 10-Mar-12 User manual revampV1.12.4 14-Sept-12 User Manual revampV1.13.1 12-April-12 User Manual revampV1.13.5 30-May-14 User Manual revampV1.13.6 18-Dec-15 User Manual revampV1.13.7 15-Feb-16 User Manual revampV1.13.8 20-Jul-18 Cyber Security目錄1. 序 (10)2. 關於AyersGTS (12)3. 關於AyersGTS Lite (12)4. 開始使用☆ (13)4.1 登入☆ (13)4.2 更改密碼☆ (13)4.3 登出☆ (14)5. 使用介面☆ (15)5.1 主視窗☆ (15)5.2 常用圖示☆ (15)5.3 時鐘☆ (16)5.4 螢幕鎖☆ (16)5.5 載入桌面設定☆ (17)5.6 儲存桌面設定☆ (17)5.7 清除桌面設定☆ (18)5.8 查詢已開啟的版面☆ (18)5.9 傳送今日消息(網上客戶) (19)5.10 傳送今日消息 (20)5.11 顯示今日消息☆ (20)5.12 傳送電郵 (21)5.13 強迫使用者登出 (21)5.14 更改用戶設定 (23)5.15 客戶快捷鍵設定☆ (27)5.16 客戶群組快捷鍵設定 (29)5.17 客戶下單群組快捷鍵設定 (29)5.18 經記行即時報價顏色 (30)5.19 鎖定視窗位置及大小☆ (33)5.20 視窗群組☆ (34)5.21 放大/縮小視窗☆ (35)5.22 用戶/客戶主任/客戶戶口快速搜尋模式 (36)5.23 選擇字體顏色☆ (37)5.24 選擇背景顏色☆ (37)6. 系統設定 (38)6.1 設定系統參數 (38)6.1.1 設定 1 (38)6.1.2 設定 2 (39)6.1.3 設定 3 (42)6.1.4 設定 4 (42)6.1.5 設定５ (44)6.1.6 設定６ (44)6.2 密碼規格 (46)6.3 設定貨幣 (49)6.4 銀行 (49)6.5 交易限額政策 (50)6.6 批核級別 (51)6.7 用戶群組 (53)6.8.2 用戶群組 (57)6.8.3 用戶權限 (58)6.8.4 備註 (59)6.8.5 可管理客戶戶口 (60)6.8.6 交易限額 (61)6.8.7 設定 (62)6.8.8 快捷鍵 (63)6.8.9 交易所 (65)6.9 重設用戶密碼 (66)6.10 用戶(LITE網上用戶) (67)6.11 客戶主任群組 (68)6.12 客戶主任 (68)6.13 客戶戶口類別 (68)6.13.1 給客戶類別設置交易限額及信貸比率 (69)6.14 客戶群組 (70)6.15 客戶下單群組 (71)6.15.1 建立客戶下單群組 (72)6.15.2 分配客戶到特定下單群組 (73)6.15.3 客戶下單群組快捷鍵設定 (74)6.16 客戶戶口 (75)6.16.1 客戶通知訊息 (75)6.16.2 網上客戶使用即時報價服務 (78)6.16.3 使用音頻電話交易服務 (79)6.16.4 設置客戶交易限額及信貸比率 (80)6.16.5 設置客戶佣金率 (81)6.16.6 人證港幣交易通 (82)6.16.7 拒絕客戶買入 / 沽出指定產品 (84)6.16.8 待跟進記錄 (86)6.17 交易所 (91)6.17.1 啟用/停用訂單類型 (95)6.18 交易產品群組 (98)6.19 產品資料 (99)6.19.1 按揭級別 (101)6.20 訂單路由群組 (103)6.21 訂單路由 (105)6.22 關連產品 (105)6.23 認購新股 (IPO) (107)6.23.1 資料 (107)6.23.2 數量 / 金額表 (109)6.23.3 申請 (111)6.23.4 電郵傳送認購結果 (114)6.24 報表工作項目 (117)6.25 多檔案匯入 / 匯出 (120)6.25.1 多檔案匯入 / 匯出- 匯入 (120)6.25.2 多檔案匯入 / 匯出 - 匯出 (122)6.26 多檔案匯入 / 匯出自動執行-匯入 (123)6.26.1 多檔案匯入 / 匯出自動執行- 匯出 (124)7.1.2 設定訂單資料夾☆ (127)7.1.3 篩選訂單資料夾訂單☆ (129)7.1.4 查詢訂單資料☆ (130)7.1.5 使用訂單功能表☆ (131)7.1.6 更改訂單☆ (132)7.1.7 取消訂單☆ (133)7.1.8 更改 / 取消多筆訂單☆ (134)7.1.9 新增 / 移除欄位☆ (136)7.2 交易成交資料夾☆ (140)7.3 成交量查詢 (143)7.4 追收保證金客戶資料夾 (143)7.5 追收保證金客戶資料夾(單一貨幣計算) (146)7.6 輸入訂單☆ (146)7.6.1 使用輸入訂單畫面 (證券市場) ☆ (146)7.6.2 使用輸入訂單畫面 (環球市場) ☆ (160)7.6.3 輸入訂單 (環球市場, 只限買入)☆ (161)7.6.4 程式買賣 (香港交易所-股票) ☆ (167)7.7 買賣數量選擇器☆ (176)7.8 使用訂單快捷鍵☆ (177)7.9 輸入已成交訂單 (179)7.10 輸入新股認購 (180)7.11 輸入新股認購(網上用戶) (181)7.12 輸入新股認購(版面一) (181)7.13 查詢訂單 (184)7.14 客戶戶口資料☆ (185)7.14.1 產品結存 ☆ (185)7.14.2 待成交訂單☆ (186)7.14.3 新增 / 移除欄位☆ (186)7.14.4 篩選訂單☆ (190)7.14.5 今日訂單☆ (191)7.14.6 新增 / 移除欄位☆ (194)7.14.7 篩選訂單☆ (197)7.14.8 今日成交☆ (198)7.14.9 資料☆ (198)7.14.10 交易分配☆ (199)7.14.11 待跟進記錄☆ (200)7.14.12 新股認購 (201)7.15 客戶下單群組戶口資料 (201)7.16 客戶產品持貨查詢 (203)7.17 客戶盈虧查詢 (203)7.18 產品持貨總覽 (204)8.1 訂單批核資料夾 (205)8.2 客戶現金存款或提款 (207)8.3 客戶支票存款 (207)8.4 客戶現金存款或提款(小額) (208)8.5 批核客戶現金存款或提款 (208)8.6 批核客戶現金存款 (208)8.8 批核客戶現金提款 (209)8.9 上傳多筆客戶現金存款或提款 (210)8.10 拒絕已批核客戶現金存／提款 (210)8.11 客戶外幣轉換 (212)8.12 客戶現貨存入或提走 (213)8.13 上傳多筆客戶現貨存入或提走 (213)8.14 批核客戶現貨存入或提走 (214)8.15 拒絕已批核客戶現貨存入或提走 (214)8.16 客戶資產內部轉移 (214)8.17 客戶成交分配 (215)8.18 客戶成交分配 (相同平均價) (217)8.19 客戶訂單成交分配 (219)8.20 客戶訂單成交批次分配 (220)8.21 客戶群成交額監測 (220)8.22 上傳已執行交易 (221)9. 市場資訊☆ (222)9.1 即時報價 (AAStock, 香港) ☆ (222)9.2 即時報價總覽 (所有市場) ☆ (224)9.2.1 新增欄位☆ (225)9.2.2 隱藏產品輸入☆ (226)顯示市場深度☆ (227)9.2.3 2279.2.4 顯示市場成交記錄☆ (228)9.3 即時報價（香港股票，版面四）☆ (231)10. 交易員 (232)10.1 交易員訂單資料夾 (232)10.2 開啟OG (BSS功能) (233)10.3 大量取消及活動查詢 (234)10.4 交易員密碼更改提示 (235)10.5 人手交易 (BSS功能) (235)10.6 碎股盤/特別盤訂單輸入(BSS功能) (237)10.7 碎股盤/特別盤交易對單及查詢(BSS功能) (238)11. 報表☆ (239)11.1 產生報表☆ (241)11.2 列印報表☆ (242)11.3 文字複製☆ (243)11.4 報表搜尋☆ (244)11.5 單一/多重頁面檢視☆ (245)11.6 放大 / 縮小☆ (247)11.7 增加備註☆ (248)11.8 輸出報表☆ (249)11.9 報表工作項目 (250)11.10 報表工作 (251)11.11 執行報表自動產生工作 (252)11.12 開啟現存的報表 (253)12. 系統設定 (254)12.1 產品（SYS專用） (254)12.2 交易所假期(SYS專用) (255)14. 附錄 A: 交易限額運算程式 (258)14.18 客戶每日交易金額限額 (264)14.19 客戶每日買入交易金額限額 (264)14.20 客戶每日買入交易金額限額 (單一產品) (265)14.21 高風險產品買入限額 (265)14.22 貸款限額 (265)14.23 貸款限額(電子訂單) (266)14.24 港幣貸款限額 (266)14.25 港幣貸款限額(電子訂單) (266)14.26 高風險產品貸款限額 (267)14.27 貸款限額 (環球市場) (267)14.28 貸款/投資總值限額(%) (267)14.29 離價限額 (%，電子訂單) (267)14.30 離價限額 (電子訂單) (267)14.31 離價限額 (268)14.32 離價限額 (%) (268)14.33 離價限額 (%) (環球市場) (268)14.34 離價限額 (環球市場) (269)14.35 特別訂單限額 (269)14.36 市價盤限額 (269)14.37 購買力限額 (269)14.38 購買力限額 (電子訂單) (269)14.39 購買力限額 (環球市場) (270)14.40 交易數量限額(產品) (270)14.41 交易數量限額 (270)14.42 限制商品買賣限額 (271)14.43 不允許同時擁有相同產品及價錢之買入/沽出訂單 (271)14.44 沽空限額 (271)14.45 沽空限額 (電子訂單) (271)14.46 高風險產品沽空限額 (272)14.47 人證港幣交易通客戶只可買賣人民幣產品 (272)14.48 買入低價之認股證(電子訂單) (272)14.49 客戶群組每日買入交易金額限額 (272)14.50 客戶群組每日交易金額限額 (273)14.51 客戶群組每日沽出交易金額限額 (273)14.52 公司每日交易金額限額 (273)14.53 公司每日買入交易金額限額 (273)14.54 公司每日沽出交易金額限額 (274)14.55 產品每日買入交易金額限額 (274)14.56 產品每日買入交易金額限額 (電子訂單) (274)14.57 產品每日買入交易金額限額 (單一客戶) (電子訂單) (274)14.58 產品每日沽出交易金額限額 (275)14.59 用戶每日買入交易金額限額 (275)14.60 用戶每日沽出交易金額限額 (275)15.1 系統裝置 (276)15.1.1 如何下載AyersGTS? (276)15.1.2 為何有時候不能升級GTS? (276)15.1.3 為何在網上不能瀏覽報價及交易資料區? (不適用於期貨/期權市場) (276)15.1.5 為何有時登入不到GTS? (276)15.1.6 輸入訂單裡的數量有那些快捷鍵? (276)15.1.7 如何不顯示客戶的聯絡資料? (276)15.1.8 如何使用Good Till Day? (此功能需要申請) (276)15.2 訂單拒絕原因 (277)15.2.1 為何訂單拒絕 'by price warning'? (277)15.2.2 為何訂單拒絕 'by invalid order price'? (不適用於期貨/期權市場) (277)15.3 交易限額 (277)15.3.1 交易限額政策在系統裡是如何運作? (277)15.3.2 如何替公司增加新的交易限額? (277)15.3.3 香港證券市場公司內有多少種客戶戶口? (277)15.3.4 如何替這4種戶口設定跟公司不一樣的交易限額? (277)15.3.5 如何替個別客戶設定跟公司不一樣的交易限額? (277)15.3.6 什麼是交易限額政策中的提示如風險高於? (277)15.3.7 什麼是交易限額政策中的需批核如風險大於? (278)15.3.8 什麼是交易限額政策中的拒絕訂單如風險大於? (278)15.3.9 貸款限額和購買力限額有什麼分別? (不適用於期貨/期權市場) (278)15.3.10 衍生工具產品買賣的相關問題？ (278)15.3.11 如何給用戶開設新的批核級別? (278)15.4 用戶及客戶設定 (279)15.4.1 如何新增客戶主任? (279)15.4.2 如何新增用戶? (279)15.4.3 怎樣設定用戶的權限? (279)15.4.4 如何替個別用戶設定跟公司不一樣的輸入訂單設定? (279)15.4.5 如何新增客戶? (279)15.4.6 在香港證券市場，甚麼是可按揭比率 (%) 和可按揭信貸比率 (%)? (279)15.4.7 在香港證券市場，甚麼是現金信貸比率 (%)? (279)15.4.8 如果客戶是網上客戶，應怎設定? (不適用於期貨/期權市場) (279)15.4.9 如何設定客戶不收取電郵訂單通知訊息? (279)15.4.10 如何設定示範用的客戶戶口? (279)15.4.11 示範用的客戶戶口有甚麼用處? (280)15.4.12 如何替用戶解鎖? (280)15.4.13 如何不讓網上客戶下訂單卻只讓他作查詢? (不適用於期貨/期權市場) (280)15.4.14 如果用戶群組和該群組裡的用戶設定不同的權限會怎樣? (280)15.4.15 如何給用戶及客戶收看報價? (不適用於期貨/期權市場) (280)15.4.16 如何設定客戶佣金? (280)15.4.17 系統如何計算佣金? (280)15.4.18 怎樣設定產品可按的比率? (不適用於期貨/期權市場) (280)15.4.19 怎樣替客戶存 / 取現金? (280)15.4.20 怎樣替客戶存 / 取現貨? (280)15.4.21 “用戶”內的“可管理客戶戶口”是如何設定? (281)15.4.22 客戶戶口類別可以隨時更改嗎? (281)15.4.23 客戶戶口裡的提醒備註是甚麼? (281)15.4.24 如何限制某客戶買賣某特定產品? (281)15.4.25 那裡可以查詢成交分配的訂單? (281)15.5 其他設定 (282)15.5.1 訂單的交易狀態是什麼意思 (NEW, WA...)? (282)15.5.2 為何在星期六做測試時所有訂單都傳送不到去香港交易所? (282)15.5.4 那裡可以找到訂單成交的詳情? (282)15.5.5 那裡可以找到訂單成交的對手牌? (不適用於期貨/期權市場) (282)15.5.6 那裡可以找到由誰更改了訂單? (282)15.5.7 怎樣在訂單資料夾內新增欄位? (282)15.5.8 經由網上客戶下的訂單，用戶可否在GTS中修改或取消? (282)15.5.9 那裡可以設定在下單時顯示或不顯示確認視窗? (282)15.5.10 如何替已成交了的錯誤訂單分配給正確的客戶? (283)15.5.11 BSS客戶每日如何開啟OG? (不適用於期貨/期權市場) (283)15.5.12 甚麼是BSS Cross Device? (不適用於期貨/期權市場) (283)15.5.13 怎樣買賣碎股? (不適用於期貨/期權市場) (283)15.5.14 什麼是確認訂單? (283)15.5.15 如何使用確認訂單? (283)15.5.16 如何還原確認訂單? (283)15.5.17 香港證券市場的輸入訂單版面2是怎樣使用? (283)15.5.18 如何使用“F1搜尋器”? (283)15.5.19 在訂單資料夾裡的播放聲響支援那種音樂格式? (284)15.5.20 在輸入已成交訂單可以輸入碎股嗎? (284)15.5.21 為何客戶戶口和產品資料不是最新? (284)15.5.22 為何在系統裡找不到從後台建立的客戶主任代碼? (284)15.5.23 如何設定高風險產品? (不適用於期貨/期權市場) (284)15.5.24 如何設定貨幣? (284)15.5.25 如何採用其他用戶的桌面設定? (284)15.5.26 為何網上交易資料區的文字無法正常顯示? (不適用於期貨/期權市場) (284)15.5.27 如何在訂單資料夾顯示備註? (284)15.5.28 甚麼是額外訂單批核上限(%)? (284)15.5.29 如何快速更改 / 取消多筆訂單? (284)15.5.30 為何建議勾選在“設置”裡的“不可增加訂單數量”? (285)15.5.31 交易資料能保存在系統多久? (285)15.5.32 在網上交易資料區的可動用資金是如何計算? (不適用於期貨/期權市場) (285)15.5.33 如何取消IPO? (不適用於期貨/期權市場) (285)15.5.34 在訂單號碼後的(-D, -E, -S)是甚麼意思? (285)15.6 產生報表 (286)15.6.1 為何報表沒有資料? (286)15.6.2 怎樣設定每日報表自動產生工作? (286)15.6.3 在訂單清單和訂單列表中的代碼分別代表什麼? (286)15.6.4 如何查詢由誰更改了系統設定? (286)15.6.5 如何查詢網上客戶存款 / 提款通知? (286)15.6.6 訂單列表跟訂單清單有甚麼分別? (286)15.6.7 如何查詢所有客戶的新股認購? (286)15.6.8 如何查詢所有未成交的訂單? (286)15.6.9 有關人證港幣交易通之交易方法？ (287)15.7 買賣盤種類詳細說明 (289)15.7.1 AyersGTS支援HKEx那些買賣盤種類? (289)15.7.2 何謂市價盤? (296)15.7.3 開市競價時段分那幾種? (只適用於香港證券市場) (296)1. 序本使用手冊提供如何使用A y e r s G l o b a l T r a d i n g S y s t e m(A y e r s G T S)的詳細步驟。
录井英语词汇
石油单词Seep 渗、漏Fault 断层Anomaly 异常Geophysical 地球(质)物理Marsh 沼泽Exploration well 探井Development well 开发井Pore 小孔Ooze 【u:z】泥浆Inexorably 坚持不懈地Sediment 沉淀物Cataclysm （地壳）剧变，大变动、大动乱Inlet 水湾Impervious 不溶、不能渗透Lay cradled in 在……产生Source rock 生油岩Structural trap 构造圈闭Anticline 背斜圈闭Stratigraphic trap 地层圈闭Stratigraphy 地层学、地层成层情况Tilt （使……）倾斜Truncate 截去……的顶端或末端Pinch out 尖灭Arid a. （指土壤、气候）干旱的、干燥的、无趣的Prairie 大草原（尤指北美的）Seismology 地震学Drilling contractor 钻井承包商Lease 出租Shale 页岩Tertiary regressive sequence 第三系海退系列In broad term 一般来说Borehole logs 测井曲线Casing 套管Sonde （用以探测大气现象之）探空火箭、探测器Geological log 地质测井Spontaneous potential 自然电位Resistivity 电阻率Electrode 电极Brine-saturated 饱和盐水的Delineate 画出、描绘出、描绘Filtrate 经过滤的液体Velocity （物理学）速度Contour 轮廓、外形Sparse 稀少的，稀疏的Meager 瘦的、粗劣的、不足的Appraisal well 评价井Exploration geologist 勘探地质学家Development geologist 开发地质学家Salinity 矿化度Gas cap 气顶Recovery factor 开采率Structural contour map 构造直线图Bulk density 体积密度Hoisting system 提升系统Internal-combustion engine 内燃机Pulley 皮带轮Hydraulic coupling 液力耦合器Torque converter 力矩变换器Output shaft 输出轴Compound 并车Mud pump 泥浆泵Draw-works & rotary 绞车和转盘Alignment 排列、定线、校直Mast 桅杆式井架Derrick 井架、钻塔Crown block 天车Traveling block 游车Clutch 离合器Chain and gear drive for speed and direction change 链条齿轮驱动变速箱及换向器Main brake 主刹车Auxiliary hydraulic brake 水力辅助刹车Electric brake 电刹车Momentum 动力、冲力、势头Friction cathead 摩擦猫头Automatic （mechanical）cathead 自动（机械）猫头Air powered hoist 气动提升器（绞车）Make up / break out the drill string 上扣/卸扣Make-up / break-out cathead 上扣/卸扣猫头Driller 司钻Block sheave 滑轮槽Secure 缚住、系住Drill string 钻柱Vertical load 垂直负荷Girder 横梁Swivel 水龙头Rotary table 转盘Drill stem 钻柱Drill collar 钻铤Bail （水龙头）提环Hexagonal 六边形的Kelly bushing 方补心Slip 卡瓦Master bushing 主补心Tapered 楔形的A joint of pipe 钻杆单根Tool joints 工具接头Weld…into 把……接合起来（焊接）Bulge 凸起，鼓起Box & pin 母扣（接头）、公扣（接头）Tool pusher 钻井队长Streak 矿脉、条痕Stringer 脉道、夹层RPM (revolution per minute) 转每分Milled-tooth bit 铣齿钻头Carbide insert bit 镶齿钻头Chert 燧石Out-guess the formation 预测地层Abrasion 刮除、磨损Tungsten 钨tungsten carbide 碳化钨Offset 偏移Cone 牙轮Drag bit 刮刀钻头cone bit 牙轮钻头Shear or gouge the formation 剪切铲凿地层Compressive failure 挤压破碎Lateral force 侧向力Detrimental 有害的、不利的Roller bit 牙轮钻头Penetration rate 机械钻速Drilling fluid carry capacity 钻井液携屑能力Hydraulic parameter 水力参数Bit nozzle velocity 钻头水力功率Jet impact force 射流冲击力Competent formation 坚硬地层、致密地层Annulus 环空annular 环形的Nozzle velocity is directly proportional to the square root of the pressure drop across the bit 喷嘴流速正比于钻头压力降的平方根Flow rate 排量Property 特性、特质Keep…in check 控制住Contain 控制Slough 脱落Veneer 薄片v 加（镶）薄片Cementation 固井Counteract 对抗、抵消Corrosion inhibitor 防腐蚀剂Aerated mud 充气泥浆Emulsifier 乳化剂Oil-base mud 油基泥浆Water filtrate / aqueous filtrate 失水Continuous phase 连续相Mud discharge line 泥浆排放管pit 泥浆池Shale shaker 震动筛mud agitator 泥浆搅拌机Desilter 除泥器mud centrifuge 泥浆离心机Accessory equipment 附属设施centrifugal pump 离心泵Derrick man 井架工sand line reel 捞沙滚筒Hydraulic choke 水压节流器salvage 打捞（费）Entrained gas 夹带气体barge 驳船Funnul 漏斗（hopper）bulk-storage bin 散装箱Conductor pipe 导管pile driver 打桩机Gravel 砾石muck 腐殖泥土Mire 淤泥floater 移动式钻井平台（浮船）Dynamic positioning 动力定位propeller 推进器、螺旋桨Dope 润滑油、司扣油trip out 起钻Trip 解扣、起下管柱running surface casing 下表层套管Centralizer 扶正器guide shoe 套管鞋Ledge 井筒中的台肩float collar 浮箍Receptacle 容器slurry 稀泥浆Intermediate casing 技术套管production string of casing 油层套管Mud logger 泥浆录井员well logging 录井Perforate 打孔、打眼shaped charged 聚能射孔弹Packer 封隔器turbine blade 涡轮叶片Gyroscope 定向仪whipstock 造斜器、用造斜器侧钻Ramp 斜坡、斜道bottom-hole assembly 井底钻具总成Earthen dike 土堤manifold 管汇Choke manifold 节流管汇choke 节流箱Service well-head 修井井口装置sleeve type preventer 套筒式防喷器Double-ram type preventer 双闸板式防喷器NRV: none-return valve 单向阀Self-contained emergency NRV 自足式安全阀robust 有活力的、强健的Robust needle valve 耐用的针型阀orifice （身体等的）外孔、口Exert 用（技巧、方法等）、应用，尽力Slush pump 泥浆泵reinforced rubber ring 强化橡胶圈Pack off 封住Round the irregular profile 沿不规则剖面Capital construction 基本建设opening address 致辞Self-propelled 自力推进的、机动式的Live well 充气油井、压力大的井Hydropneumatic 液（压）气（动）的Accumulator 蓄能器pressure vessel 压力容器Diaphragm 横膈膜three-way valve 三通阀Anchor 固定管柱orifice 孔、口Remedial 补救的、救治的function 函数Tectonic analysis 构造分析、岩组分析Neutron 中子Pay evaluation 产油层评估interface 介面Earth’s mantle 地幔geothermal 地热TD: total depth windward 上风地带Cordial 兴奋剂（型饮料）Physiological saline 生理盐水erythromycin 红霉素Chloromycetin 氯霉素stud driller 大班司钻Vane 风向标refurbish 再供给、重新装备Customize 定制workover 修井Inception 起初matrix 基质（岩）Fracture-bulk volume 裂缝总体积void area 空穴区、空隙区Connate water saturation 共存水饱和度filtration 滤液Magnitude 大小、数量oil-wet 优先油湿Interstitial 空隙的、在裂缝间的Constituent 成分、构成部分capillary 毛状的、毛细的Heterogeneity （生）异质的、（化）不均匀性、多相性Advancing contact angle 前进接触角Receding contact angle 后退接触角Equilibrium 平均、平衡Homogeneous 由类似成分（部分）组成的，同种类（性质）的Affinity 亲和力residual 剩余的、残余的Viscosity 粘性dissolve 溶解、解散Underlie (underlain) 位于……之下，成为……的基础Water-wet consolidated porous media 水湿的固结的空隙介质Texture parameter 结构参数Tortuous 弯弯曲曲的Hydrodynamic laws 液体力学定律analog computer 模拟电子计算机Empirical 以实际经验为依据的Simulator 模拟器With the advent of 随着……的出现Micellar fluid 胶束液Oil-water transitional zone 油水过渡区Deplete 耗尽detriment 损害、损害物Indigenous 本土的dissent 不同意Rationing 配给Vertical sweep efficiency 垂向扫油系数Areal sweep efficiency 面积扫油系数Volume sweep efficiency 体积扫油系数Vacuum degasser 真空除气器desander 除砂器Centrifuge 离心机Auxiliary equipment in unbalance drilling 欠平衡钻井辅助设备Peripheral 外围的Solid control system 固控系统stack water tank 套装水罐Life tank 生活水罐mud test chamber 泥浆化验房Assembly tank 套装水罐pump room 泵房Pipeline pump 管道泵fire pump 消防泵Electro-thermal boiler 电热锅炉jet self-suction pump 射流式自吸泵Electric power distribution cabinet 配电柜Elevated oil tank 高架油罐shear pump 剪切泵Hydroclone 水力旋流器The principle of hydroclone centrifugal settling 水力旋流器离心沉淀原理With strong abrasive resistance 耐磨性强Elastomeric 弹性体的MCC (electrical system control center of well site) 井场电路系统控制中心Plug package and joint chamber 插接件室Cable drum chamber 电缆滚筒室Stand-by power cabinet 备用电源柜Power factor compensation cabinet 功率因数补偿柜Auto-decompression starting cabinet 自耦减压启动柜Ambient temperature 环境温度Qualified on-the-job training certificate 岗位人员培训合格证The assembling and repairing qualification for explosion proof electrical equipment 防爆电器安装修理资格证Electro thermal steam generator 电热蒸汽发生器Explosion suppression type multi-grouped control 防爆型多组合控制装置Explosion suppression type terminal box 防爆型接线箱Fouling 污垢defrost 解冻The high pressure water column 高压水柱Purgation 净化、洗涤dead weight 自重Evacuation cavity 排空腔‘dynamo 发电机Air-contented drilling fluid 含气钻井液gaseous drilling fluidChoke manifold 节流管汇depression tank 减压罐Baffle 挡板lamina 薄板、薄层Adjustable outrigger height 可调支腿高度Simple assembly 安装简便convenient maintenance 维修简便The pressure of hydrostatic column 静液柱压力hydrostatic 静水力学的，流体静力学的Well sloughing 井塌water-ring vacuum pump 水环式真空泵Isothermal 等温的、等温线Vacuum exhaustion 真空排气eddy current 涡流Air-cooled electromagnetic eddy current brake 风冷型电磁涡流刹车Rated resistance of each coil 每个线圈额定电阻Excitation power 励磁功率Cooling wind mount 冷却风量Shuffle valve 梭阀desiccant 干燥剂De-sludge 清楚泥渣silencer 消声器Blow-off noise 放空噪声metallurgy 冶金Horizontal spiral discharging settling centrifuge 卧式螺旋卸料沉降离心机Centrifugal settling 离心沉降Spiral propeller 螺旋推进器Differential gear 差速器mesh 网孔（眼）Skimming tank 撇油罐cyclone mixing hopper 漩流混合器Cyclone volute casing 漩流涡壳inlet pressure 进口压力Barite 重晶石bentonitic clay 膨润土Reciprocating pump 往复式柱塞泵Electrical submersible pump 潜油电泵pumping unit 抽油机Bushing roller chains 套筒滚子down-hole motor 螺杆钻具Stator 定子centralizer 扶正器Drive shaft unit assembly of down hole motor 螺杆钻具传动总成Sealing device in drive shaft of down hole motor 螺杆钻具传动轴密封装置Anti-drop device in …螺杆钻具传动轴防落装置Sealed ball-pivot universal shaft of down hole motor 螺杆钻具密封球铰接万向轴Sealed pin-hinge universal shaft of down-hole motor 螺杆钻具密封箱联接万向轴Overall inside drilling bit of natural diamond 天然金刚石全面钻进钻头Side tracking and deflective bit 侧钻造斜钻头Bi-center reamer bit 双心扩眼钻头Coring bit 取芯钻头Impregnated PDC bit 孕镶式单晶金刚石取芯钻头High pressure reciprocating plunger pump 告诉往复式柱塞泵Fuel transfer pump 输油泵Twin screw multi-phase pump 油气混输泵Rotary volumetric pump 旋转容积泵Conformability 适应性能（一致性）Pumping units 抽油机Conventional walking beam pumping unit 成规游梁式抽油机VFC control board 变频控制柜CP water supply capacitance self compensation board 恒压供水自动电容补偿柜Commissioning 试运转、试车Telescoping 可伸缩式（井架）Bootstrap 自展式（井架）barge 平底船，驳船Jackup 自升式平台box-on-box 箱叠式Substructure 底座swing lift substructure 吊运式底座Dog house 偏房snub 突然刹住，缓冲Umbilical 脐带、支应线、控制管缆Collection system 收集系统、集输系统TB （terminal board）接线板setback （钻台上）钻杆盒子Workover 修井drawworks 绞车Groundbreaking 奠基的，有创造力的Stroke 冲程Culminate （与in连用）达到顶点，达到顶峰Alloy 合金cylinder 圆筒、气缸Crankshaft 曲轴pinion 小齿轮Bearing 轴承crosshead 十字头Rod 抽油杆、标尺、测杆Overlay 镀、覆盖、表层、重叠Resilient 有弹性的liner 衬垫、尾管Down time 停机时间jib crane 挺杆起重机Racking capacity 排钻杆量power swivel 动力水龙头Service well-head 修井井口装置sleeve type 套筒式Double ram type 双闸式Kelly cock 方钻杆旋塞Kill the well 压井hydropneumatic 液压气动的Incompressibility 不可压缩性versatile 通用的、万能的Intermediate string 中间套管flow swing 翼形流量阀Tectonic 建筑的，构造的collimator 瞄准仪Amplitude 振幅tiltmeter 测斜仪Tilt 倾角、仰角pendulum 钟摆、摇锤Convex 表面弯曲如球的外侧、凸起的Calibre 口径LCM 堵漏剂Mitigate 减轻step-out well 探边井Ascertain 确定、探知optimum 最适宜的、最适合的Stoodite 司图迪特（耐磨堆焊）焊条合金Stellite 钨铬钴合金、硬合金borium insert 镶硼Sintered 烧结的，熔结的Chert 燧石quartzitic 石英岩的、Lithology 岩石学PDM (positive displacement motor ) 正容积马达Steering tool 导向工具Releasing overshot 可退式打捞筒bailer 捞沙筒Critical flow 临界流Boil down 1、浓缩、简化2、简单地总结为~~ to ~~Pressure drop 压力降Mass 质量momentum 动量Compart mentalized reservoir 断块油藏Draw down （抽油后）水位降低、水位量降低Whipstock 造斜器epoxy 环氧树脂、树脂Composite 合成地、复合地、合成物Hi-vis pill 高粘度颗粒材料Junk basket 打捞篮Ditch magnet 泥浆槽磁铁Suffice 足够、有能力、vt 使满足Hydraulic kick-out sub 液压造斜短节Remedial 补救的Disposable 可任意使用（处理）的Sleeve 装套Liner hanger 尾管悬挂器Surface casing splitter technology 表层套管分流技术Inventory 详细目录、存货、财产清册Port collar 带孔短节Troubleshoot 故障检修logistics 后勤Expedite v加速、派出a、畅通的、迅速的Pilot hole drilling 实验性钻井Pilot hole 导向孔、定位孔、装配孔Turnkey price 全承包价a turnkey agreement 总承包协议By rule of thumb 根据经验Consensus 一致同意、多数人的意见AFE：Authorization for Expenditure 批准费用TVD：total vertical depth 总垂直深度GOC：gas-oil contact 油气接触面、油气界面OWC：oil-water contactWiper trip 划眼起下钻MWD：measurement while drilling 随钻测量BHA Bottom-hole Assembly 井底钻具总成OEM：原始设备制造商Inverted 反向的、倒转的Outrigger 舷外支架、突出的粱、桁等Jack 起重机、千斤顶Boom 吊杆、悬臂Backlog 大木材、订货、存货积压Operating margin 经营毛利Jib 起重机的臂、铤杆Momentum 动力、要素Radius 半径、范围。
Vaisala QML201C数据记录仪说明书
Vaisala Data Logger QML201CThe QML201C The Vaisala Data Logger QML201C incorporates Vaisala’s proven sensor technology. A 32-bit central processing unit (CPU), 24-bit A/D conversion (ADC), autocalibrationof the ADC and measurementelectronics coupled with advanced data quality control and validation software all ensure the accuracy of data measurement. Easy to use Sensor measurements, statisticalcalculations, data logging anddata transmissions are performedaccording to a user-configuredVaisala Setup Software Lizard. Thesoftware has many setup options andadvanced features.ExpandabilityThe systems architecture enables theQML201C to be easily upgraded with The Vaisala Data Logger QML201Cnew sensors, calculations, output formats, and logging schedules at any time to accommodate users’ changing requirements. The basic system provides RS-232, RS-485 and SDI-12 ports for interfacing with almost any type of telemetry, terminal, displays, and smart sensors. With optional plug-in modules the number of serial ports can be enhanced from 3 up to 9 ports, enabling multiple RS-232, RS-485, SDI-12 and Ethernet connections.The QML201C data logger is also expandable with a multiplexer unit offering additional 10 differential analog channels or even another QML201C unit. A digital I/O unit adds 8 digital outputs and 8 digital inputs for sensors, power optimizing and unmanned control functions based on user defined requirements.Features/Benefits ▪Easy to install, economical to maintain and upgrade ▪Field-proven reliability and accuracy in harsh environments ▪Low power consumption ▪Extensive calculation and data logging capability ▪Good expandability and high level of customization through open and modular design▪Built-in TCP/IP connectivity ▪Compact designTechnical dataRef. B210718EN-C ©Vaisala 2010This material is subject to copyright protection, with all copyrights retained by Vaisala and its individual partners. Allrights reserved. Any logos and/or product names are trademarksof Vaisala or its individual partners. The reproduction, transfer,distribution or storage of information contained in this brochurein any form without the prior written consent of Vaisala is strictlyprohibited. All specifications — technical included — are subjectto change without notice.For more information, visit or contact *********************General Processor 33 MHz, 32-bit Motorola Memory 4MB RAM and 4 MB program flash A/D conversion 24 bit Data logging memory 3.3 MB internal flash memory Up to 2GB on optional, compactflash memory cardSensor inputs 10 analog inputs (20 single-ended inputs) 2 counter/frequency inputs Internal channel for BARO-1 pressure transducer SERiAl CommuNiCATioN Standard one RS-232, RS-485 (two-wire) and SDI-12Optional T wo optional plug-in slots for communication modules to increase the number of the serial I/O channels up to 6 pcs Fast serial expansion bus connecting e.g. digital I/O module Speed 300 ... 38400 bps Parameters Configurable speed, start bits, data bits, stop bits, parity , XON/XOFF , and checksum V oltage (external powering)8 ... 30 VDC Power consumption (typically with 5 sensors)<10 mA/12V Temperature operating -50 ... +60 °C (-58 ... 140 °F) extended operating -60 ... +70 °C (-76 ... 158 °F)storage -60 ... +70 °C (-76 ... 158 °F)Humidity 0 ... 100 %RH EThERNET CommuNiCATioN Standard IEEE 802.3T wo plug-in slots for ethernet modulesSpeed 10 Mbps (10 BASE-T)Can also be connected to 100 Mbps/1000 Mbps 100/1000 BASE-T networks with 10 Mbps Parameters Full/half duplex with auto-negotiation TCP/iP Supported protocols ARP , UDP/IP , TCP/IP , FTP , SMTP , PPP (with PAP or CHAP authentication), HTTP(get), Telnet, ICMP Echo, DHCP , ARP , NTP , DNS, serial port tunneling over TCP/IPAccuracyAll data for ambient temperature range -50 ... +60 °C unless otherwise specified Temperature measurement (PT100 sensor, measurementrange -50 ... +80 °C)Typical uncertainty over temperature range: -50 ... +60 °C < ±0.04 °Ctemperature range :-60 ... +70 °C < ±0.08 °CMax. error overtemperature range: -40 ... +50 °C < ±0.10 °C Max. error at 0 °C < ±0.04 °CV oltage measurement uncertainty , temperature range -50 ... +60 °C ±5.0 V range < 0.06 % of reading ±100 µV ±2.5 V range < 0.04 % of reading ±50 µV±250 mV range < 0.06 % of reading ±6 µV ±25 mV range < 0.06 % of reading ±5 µVV oltage measurement uncertainty , temperature range -60 ... +70 °C±5.0 V range < 0.10 % of reading ±150 μV±2.5 V range < 0.08 % of reading ±80 μV ±250 mV range < 0.10 % of reading ±10 μV ±25 mV range < 0.10 % of reading ±10 μV Frequency measurements ±0.003 % + resolution up to 20 kHz Common mode range +7 V/-3 V Real-time clock (standard)accuracy Better than 20 s/month back-up time minimum 5 yrs. with CR1220 Lithium cell Regulatory compliances Emission CISPR 22, class B (EN55022)ESD immunity IEC6100-4-2RF field immunity IEC6100-4-3EFT immunity IEC6100-4-4Surge (lightning pulses)IEC6100-4-5Conducted RF immunity IEC6100-4-6。
TPO综合写作范文
TPO综合写作范文TPO16The professor explained three aspects of the new guidelines adopted in the United Kingdom, each of which has successfully addressed the problems mentioned in the reading passage concerning the preservation of artifacts, the funding of archaeological research, and career opportunities in archaeology.First, the professor pointed out that according to the new guidelines, any construction project must undergo an evaluation process in order for the archaeological value of the site to be ascertained. If a site is determined to contain precious objects, a panel of experts is convened to draw up a preservation plan. This measure has proven very effective in addressing the first problem mentioned in the reading – careless and irresponsible construction projects being pursued without any regard for archaeological preservation.Second, the lecturer explained that the new guidelines shifted the responsibility for funding archaeological work, from initial examination to future preservation, from the gov ernment to construction companies. As a result of this shift, the second problem highlighted in the reading concerning insufficient government funds for archaeological research has been significantly addressed.The professor’s last point concerned the fi nal problem raised in the reading material – a decline in archaeology-related job opportunities. She argued that thanks to the new guidelines, many skillful, full-time archaeological experts and professionals are now needed to handle work at various stages of archaeological investigation, research, and preservation.TPO15The lecturer argues against the three measures mentioned in the reading passage to reduce the population of the cane toad, a species introduced to the Australian continent.The lecturer argues that the first measure, a national fence, would not prevent the flow of streams or rivers and, therefore, would allow young toads or toad eggs to travel to the other side of the fence. The reading passage, however, argues that such a fence would effectively cut off the route that animals use to establish colonies and expand in population.Regarding the second measure, recruiting a large group of volunteers, the lecturer explains that volunteers often have difficulty distinguishing between cane toads and native frogs, an endangered species; therefore, they might kill members of both species. The reading passage gives the opposite view: Organizing a large group of volunteers to join an extermination campaign would speed the destruction of cane toads.Finally, the lecturer objects to the third measure—using an infectious virus. She points out that a virus intended to eliminate Australia’s cane toad population could be transmitted through animal transportation to other continents where cane toads are an essential part of the ecosystem. This is in direct contradiction with the claim in the reading passage that an infectious virus could be developed to stop the reproduction of cane toads without harming other species.TPO14The lecturer and the reading passage hold completely different views toward the practice of salvage logging, which is the removal of dead trees from a forest after a fire or a storm.First, the lecturer states that removing dead trees is not good for the health of a forest because it deprives it of the nutrients necessary for future tree growth, which dead trees release into the soil as they decompose. In contrast, the reading passage states that removing old trees provides more space in which new generations of fresh trees can grow more healthily.Second, the lecturer argues that some insects and birds that inhabit dead trees are beneficial for tree growth, so salvage logging may cause unwanted damage to the forest in the long run. The reading, however, points out that some of these insects are harmful to trees; thus, because clearing the forest of dead trees also destroys the habitat of these harmful insects, it ensures the healthy recovery of a forest after a fire.Finally, with regard to economic impact, the lecturer argues against salv age logging because the dead trees can only be salvaged at a very high cost, and the employment associated with salvage logging is often temporary and taken by non-native residents. On the other hand, the reading argues that this practice provides many industries with the wood necessary to sustain their production and offer employment opportunities to local people.TPO13The lecturer rejects the ideas presented in the reading passage about the problems involved with the booming business of commercial fossil trading. In her opinion, the benefits of this new development outweigh its negative consequences.The lecturer does not agree with the first point made in the reading-that private collectors will keep their fossil collection away from the public. She contends that the commercial trading of fossils actually makes them available to a wider public, because everyone with a budget, such as private schools and libraries, can purchase them for study and exhibition.The lecturer goes on to refute the claim in the reading that fossil trading business prevents scientists and public museums from benefiting from fossil finds, as these parties cannot compete with wealthy private buyers to acquire important fossils for research purpose. On the contrary, she argues, scientists themselves are the first to evaluate any important fossil before it can be sold in the commercial market at a price, so the academic community does not miss any opportunity to study privately traded fossils.Additionally, the lecturer challenges the final downside of fossil trading mentioned in the reading. The lecturer reminds us that the damages, if any, caused by private collectors in their field operations are more than offset by the effort they have made to increase the number of fossils available to the public that would otherwise remain undiscovered.TPO12The reading passage suggests that three pieces of evidence provide support that a portrait recently put up for sale by a member of Jane Austen’s family is of Jane Austen herself when she was a teenager. However, the lecturer rejects such evidence and argues that the painting could not be a portrait of Jane Austen.First, the lecturer argues that the portrait first appeared 70 years after Jane Austen’s death, suggesting that members of her extended family might have commissioned the portrait without having actually seen her in person. Therefore, the fact that the portrait had been commissioned by her family members does not necessarily prove that it is a portrait of Jane Austen.Second, the lecturer argues that the resemblance between the portrait and an authentic sketch of the adult Jane Austen could be explained by the hypothesis that the portrait is of a relative of Jane Austen when the relative was a teenager.Finally, the lecturer argues that despite the style of the painting, which links it to the exact period when Jane Austen was a teenager, the stamp on the back of the canvas indicates that the portrait was painted at least 27 years after Jane Austen’s birth, indicating that the portrait was of someone else who was much younger than Jane Austen.TPO11The lecturer raises several arguments to counter the reading passage’s strong criticism of the general public’s declining interest in reading literature.The lecturer argues that literature is only one among many forms of reading genres from which the public can benefit intellectually. The public also benefits from reading works of science fiction and historical novels, among other reading genres. Therefore, the reading is woring to claim that the public is suffering great losses by not reading literature.Furthermore, the lecturer explains that even if it is true that the public is reading fewer books and watching more television and films instead, it does not necessarily mean culture is in decline. Television and film are simply modern forms of cultural expression that are also intellectually stimulating and directly relevant to contemporary life.Finally, the lecturer admits a decline in audience and support of literature in today’s soc iety, but she attributes it to the authors themselves, who have alienated themselves from the reading public by using overly complex language. The reading, however, blames the lowering standards of the public for the declining interest in reading great works of literature.TPO10The lecturer and the reading passage suggest two competing theories, the predation theory vs. the pollution theory, to explain why the sea otter population is in rapid decline.The professor reasons that the absence of dead sea otters washed up the coast suggests that their decline is not caused by sea pollution but rather by sea predators who consume their bodies after killing them. In contrast, the reading passage attributes the death of sea otters to pollution, citing evidence of increased sources of ocean contaminants which lead to greater vulnerability to infections.Furthermore, the lecturer argues that orcas are likely factors in the disappearance of sea otters, because the scarcity of whales, their usual prey, has left them with no other choice but to start hunting smaller mammals like the otters for food. The reading passage, on the other hand, rules out this theory based on the orca’s praying habit, and instead approves of the pollution theory as the only explanation for the decline of both large and small sea mammals across the entire ecosystem. Finally, according to the lecturer, the uneven pattern of sea otter decline corresponds to the distribution of the orcas; she argues that the fact that their population has declined most rapidly where orcas are most prevalent further validates the predation theory. However, the reading passage argues that changeable environmental factors, which lead to different concentrations of pollutants, better explains the varying pattern of sea otter decline.TPO9The lecturer points out several problems with the use of hydrogen-based fuel-cell engines in support of her claim that substituting them for internal-combustion engines is technologically unfeasible, environmentally unfriendly, and economically unviable.First, the lecturer argues that it is impractical to replace internal-combustion engines with fuel-cell engines because using the latter requires hydrogen, which is technologically challenging to both obtain and store. However, the reading touts it as an attractive advantage because hydrogen is an infinite source of energy.Second, the lecturer refutes the claim in the reading that hydrogen cells are environmentally friendly. She argues that although engines that use hydrogen cells produce less pollution, the manufacturing of hydrogen cells generates large amounts of harmful by-products due to the burning of fossil fuels in the purification process.Third, although the reading suggests that hydrogen-based engines are more fuel-efficient and thus economically competitive than internal-combustion engines, the professor argues that such an advantage is undermined by the fact that fuel-cell engines are extremely expensive to manufacture because they require the addition of platinum, a very rare and expensive material.TPO8The reading passage raises several doubts about the accuracy of the memoir written by the Chevalier de Seingalt, whereas the professor defends the memoir in the lecture by clarifying the seeming contradictions in the Chevalier’s accounts.The professor argues that because the Chevalier was rich in assets but poor in cash while he was living in Switzerland, he occasionally had to borrow funds to pay for expensive recreational activities. According to the professor, having low am ounts of cash is not the same as being financially poor. The reading, however, holds that as someone who had to borrow large amounts of money from others, the Chevalier must have fabricated stories of his wealthy life in Switzerland.Moreover, the professor challenges the skepticism expressed in the reading regarding the reliability of the conversations with Voltaire that the Chevalier recorded in his memoir. She explains that because the Chevalier had a habit of recording each conversation with Voltaire in a diary immediately afterward, he was able to recall those discussions in detail even years later.Finally, the professor rejects the claim in the reading that the Chevalier bribed his way out of a prison in Venice. She says that the fact that none of the other prisoners, even those with better resources, had been able to do so shows that bribery was unlikely. Furthermore, she points to a government paper that recorded the repair work done to the Chevalier’s prison cell, citing this as strong evidence that the account of his escape from the prison was indeed accurate.TPO7The lecture and the reading passage give contradictory opinions on the topic of ecocertification, a form of accreditation conferred by an international agency in recognition of a company’s ecofriendly practices. The passage explains that it is not necessary for American wood companies to pursue ecocertification while the lecture provides several counterarguments to this view.First, the lecturer argues that the reading passage is too general in its statement that American consumers reject advertising completely. He asserts that Americans do not trust advertising claims for a product only when these claims are made by the company that sells the product. When a claim is made by an independent third party such as a wood certification company, he posits, consumers respond very positively with strong acceptance of the certified product.The lecturer also refutes the second point in the reading – that price-sensitive American consumers are likely to choose cheap wood products without certification. The professor contends that certified wood is only slightly (less than 5%) more expensive than uncertified wood, and therefore, he argues, consumers will tend to ignore the price difference and choose the eco-friendly product.Finally, receiving eco-certification is, according to the professor, an important strategy used by American wood companies to ensure that their products can compete against ecocertified wood products imported into the domestic market from foreign countries. According to the reading, however, this strategy is unnecessary because American consumers are likely to be content with domestically manufactured products, even if they are not ecocertified.TPO6The lecturer addresses each of the three criticisms of communal online encyclopedias mentioned in the reading passage.The lecturer admits that communal online encyclopedias, like any reference book, may contain errors, but she claims that these errors can be corrected much more easily and quickly than those printed in a paper encyclopedia. The reading passage, in contrast, points to the inaccuracy of information in online encyclopedias, presenting the argument that errors in these resources are due to lack of professional knowledge among contributors.The lecturer then gives two strategies that have been proven very effective in protecting online encyclopedias from malicious alteration. She explains that contents that consist of indisputable facts are stored and presented in a read-only format so that nobody can make changes to them. In addition, she says, there are specialists who constantly monitor contents online so that they can quickly remove a suspicious change once it is detected.The lecturer also challenges the final point in the reading regarding the nature of topics covered in online encyclopedias. She says that because of virtually unlimited space on the Internet, there is no need to worry about what is important enough for inclusion in an online encyclopedia. Moreover, the greater variety of topics in online encyclopedias more truly reflects the genuine interests of the general public, even if some of these topics are less serious or academic than those in traditional encyclopedias.TPO5The author of the reading passage proposes three theories as likely explanations of the primary function of Chaco Canyon houses, giant structures built in the 12th century. The lecturer, however, points to the inaccuracies in each of these theories.The lecturer argues that the modest number of fireplaces in these structures is in contradiction with the huge size of these houses, indicating that these structures could not have been used for residential purposes. The reading, however, draws comparisons between the Chaco houses and other similar large residential structures in support of the―residential‖ theory.The second theory, that the houses were used for food storage, is also rejected by the lecturer. He explains that a place that had been used for storing maize would have many traces of scattered maize, which is not the case in the area of the Chaco Canyon houses. This proves that the ―food storage theory‖ is unlikely.Finally, regarding the third theory, the ―ceremony theory‖, the lecturer contends that the presence of broken pots close to the great houses does not offer sufficient proof that this was a place for ceremonial activities. He argues that there are other materials such as pieces of construction trash found along with the broken pots, which suggest that these pots were probably not used for ceremonial purposes but instead were discarded by construction workers upon completion of the great houses.TPO4下面这篇作文是针对TPO第四套的综合写作（关于恐龙是否是恒温动物）写的，虽然有一些小错误，但ETS评分为满分。
托福综合写作范文TPO14
TPO 14According to the reading passage, the author believes salvage logging benefits both a damaged forest and the economy. In the lecture, however, the professor asserts that salvage logging can cause severe long-term environment damage.First, the professor argues salvage logging doesn't necessarily create the right condition for tree grows. She points out the fact that the natural progress of wood decomposition makes soil more comfortable for future generations. This contradicts with the idea of the reading passage that salvage logging promote the forest areas recover after disaster by removing dead trees. Second, the professor cast doubt on the author's idea that salvage logging is beneficial to the environment of the forest by decreasing the damage of insect infection. She claims salvage logging may do more harm to forest than harmful insects, saying that dead woods are not only used by harmful insects but also by birds and other contributive insects.Third, though the author thinks salvage logging has economic benefits, the professor contends that the benefits are small and don't last long. She states that the devises used for salvage logging are expensive to use and maintain, and that new jobs are temporary and often fitted by outsiders.Exercise 3According to the reading passage, the author believes drug testing is unnecessary. In the lecture, however, the professor claims that drug testing is actually underestimated.First, the professor cast doubt on the idea of the reading passage that drugging test is time-consuming. He argues that the safety of patients should be No.1 and that the waiting is worthwhile. He illustrates an example that once a new drug was put into market with drugging test only on adults, which caused many death of children later.Second, though the author argues that drug testing is expensive so that some patients cannot afford new drugs, the professor asserts that patients would spend more money without drug testing. He points out that it would cost more if there were anchy side effects, and that the test data helps the research.Third, the professor contends that MedWatch system is not accurate enough, which contradicts the idea of the reading passage that MedWatch system can replace drug testing. He reminds us that the volunteers may be too overworked or overbooked to write down concrete and specific records.。
萨克纳夫塔芯管运行服务说明书
Tubular Running ServicesAbout Us:SAKNAFTA© Tubular Services Are Committed to deliver the safest and most efficient services to our client with advanced, comprehensive tubular solutions backed by a group of experts. SAKNAFTA© offers its clients a comprehensive casing and handling packages that consists but not limited to spiders, elevators, tongs, FMS units, side door, protectors, stabbing guides, Slip type slips and elevators, rotary hand slips, non-marking jaws, computerized monitoring and torque turn system to run premium connections and corrosion resistant alloys (CRA) and related casing accessories with complete greasing products.SAKNAFTA© outstanding maintenance program to the tools and equipment is fundamental to ensuring safe operations to its clients. Our tubular running services are designed to guarantee safety and facilitate effectiveness of tubular running operation, which contributes to the reduction of risk and worksite incidents. Furthermore, our advanced tubular running tools are in compliance with the global standards of API and ISO and are operated by qualified personnel to guarantee maximum service quality and efficient results. Our skilled personnel undergo the highest training programs to ensuring optimal productivity in workplace.Our MissionIs to assure the continuous improvement ofstandards and operations set by SAKNAFTAEGYPT to the benefit of the company and, mostimportantly, to meet the customer’srequirements and expectations.Our Vision:To be the preferred service provider in the drilling industry anddeliver value to our customers and shareholders through countryclass leadership.We seek to achieve this by continuously improving the behaviors.Health, Safety & Environmental PolicyWe strictly committed to always develop and maintain a premier health and safety culture for all parties associated with the company.Health, Safety and Environment are the core of the company value and are equal importance to meet customer requirements and operating tasks.Safety is equal to any operation and in case of conflict safety will be always the first priority.Injury free is our main target to achieve at all company work places.Supervisors are responsible to maintain the health and safety of all personnel as they direct work and other related activities.Employees have a responsibility to eliminate at risk behavior in themselves and others.Safety happens by choice, not by chance.Equipment ListHydraulic Power Tong-SAKNAFTA© casing power tongs are Selected to suit high torque casing, providing maximum torque with reliable performance. We provide a full range of casing sizes to meet the varying needs of each client.-CANADA OriginMcCoy and Farr KT13625 - 13-5/8" CASING TONG SPECIFICATIONSDescription SpecificationSize range 3-1/2" to 13-5/8"Hydraulic power supply 2,750 psi and 60 gpm (18.96 MPa and 227.1 lpm)Maximum low gear torque and speed 35,640 ft.-lb. and 10 rpmMaximum high gear torque and speed 7,130 ft.-lb. and 48 rpmTorque handle length 36" (91.4 cm)Overall length (Doors closed) 59-1/4" (150.5 cm)Overall width 33" (83.8 cm)Overall height 47" (119.4 cm)Overall weight 1,550 lb. (705 Kg)Backups:∙FARR Cam Style 13625Jaws and Dies:Wraparound or Dovetail jawsFine Tooth Steel or GRITFACE® diesAccessories:∙Lift cylinder or spring hanger∙Load cell/Torque gauge-SAKNAFTA© tubing tongs have been selected to meet the highest torque required for breaking premium connections. These tongs handle tubing sizes ranging from 2 5/8” to 7 5/8”.-CANADA OriginFARR KT7625 - 7-5/8" CASING and TUBING TONG WITH BUC7625 BACKUP SPECIFICATIONS Description SpecificationSize range 2-3/8" to 7-5/8"Maximum low gear torque and speed 30,000 ft.-lb. and 7 rpmMaximum high gear torque and speed 3,500 ft.-lb. and 42 rpmTorque handle length 52" (132.1 cm)Overall length (without Backup) 71-1/2" (181.6 cm)Overall width (without Backup) 55" (139.7 cm)Overall height (without Backup) 29-3/4" (75.6 cm)Overall weight (without Backup) 2,100 lb. (952 Kg)Backups:∙Compression or Tension 7625∙Compression or Tension 8625Jaws and Dies:Wraparound or Dovetail jaws- Low fiction jaws availableWraparound or Dovetail dies- Fine Tooth Steel, GRITFACE® or AluminumAccessories:∙Lift cylinder or spring hanger∙Load cell/Torque gaugeMccoy and FARR KT5500 - 5-1/2" TUBING TONG SPECIFICATIONS CANADA Origin Description SpecificationSize range 2-1/16" to 5-1/2"Hydraulic power supply 2,500 psi and 60 gpm (17.2 MPa and 227.1 lpm) Maximum low gear torque and speed 18,894 ft.-lb. and 16.1 rpmMaximum high gear torque and speed 3,780 ft.-lb. and 80.5 rpmTorque handle length 36" (91.4 cm)Overall length (Doors Closed) 52" (132.1 cm)Overall width 25-1/2" (64.8 cm)Overall height 33-1/4" (84.5 cm)Overall weight 1,250 lb. (568.2 Kg)Backups:∙CLINCHER® Compression or Tension 5500Jaws and Dies:Wraparound or Dovetail jawsFine Tooth Steel or GRITFACE® diesAccessories:∙Lift cylinder or spring hanger∙Load cell/Torque gauge∙CHROMEMASTER™SARA 20" HYDRAULIC CASING POWER TONGDescription SpecificationSize range 9-5/8" to 20"Hydraulic power supply 2,500 psi and 60 gpm (17.2 MPa and 227.1 lpm) Maximum low gear torque and speed 35,000 ft.-lb. and 8 rpmMaximum high gear torque and speed 8,300 ft.-lb. and 54 rpmTorque handle length 48"Overall length (Doors Closed) 76"Overall width 43"Overall height 33-1/4" (84.5 cm)Overall weight 2,800 lb.- Maximum torque of 35000 ft-lbs.- Maximum RPM at 65 GPM :High: 54 RPM.Low: 8 RPM.- Jaws available for casing sizes: 9-5/8",13-3/8" and20”CRA TubularsWe offer non-marking jaws and dies to handle and save the premium tubing string and corrosion resistant alloys (CRA).GRITFACE® coating for tong dies and handling tool inserts is the choice of energy service companies around the world. Economical and proven to work, this innovative coating gives you the following benefits:∙ Protects tubulars with minimal marking —the typical indention depth is 0.004" to 0.006", less than half of API allowable surface defect depth∙ Eliminates linear stress risers that reduce fatigue life and pipe strength by randomly scattering indentations∙ Prevents creation of pits containing iron or steel, which can contaminate the surface of CRA tubulars causing rapid, premature corrosion failure∙ Has a uniform coated surface with optimal dimensional control∙Offers superior gripping capacity —the high hardness of coating components (approx 92 HRA) grips “Super” and “Hyper” chrome alloys oxide coatings more effectively than carburized teeth (both are approx 62 HRC)∙Has higher torque capabilitiesMcCoy's standard is used by several premium pipe manufacturers. We define 4.5% of wall thickness as a maximum allowable surface indentation for normal tubular gripping applications. The greatest indention depth documented in testing to date is 3.54%, with typical depths ranging from 1.45% to 2.9%.GRITFACE® coating for tong dies and handling tool inserts is field-proven to last longer than hardened steel dies and inserts used with high-strength tubulars:∙ Used to run most CRA tubulars in North Sea since 1997 and now used worldwide ∙ Used on tubulars from 1-3/50” to 13-3/8”∙ Heaviest string run to date weighs in excess of 250 tons∙ Heaviest lab test to date is 400 tons on 7”-35PPF 22% Cr 125ksi tubing ∙Used with expandable tubularsOver 155 GRITFACE® inserts are available for almost every handling tool and safety clamp, eliminating the need for specially adapted equipment and increasing the utilization of your handling tool inventory. In the field, our dies and inserts reduce operator fatigue and keep operators safe because they aren't reaching into tools at each connection. Try GRITFACE® Coating for dies and inserts today.USA OriginPower Back UnitBuilt and certified to the highest industry safety standards with a proven history of success in the field, our power units offer unparalleled performance. Our power back units are designed to provide a reliable power source for a wide range of hydraulic requirements for onshore and offshore applications.DIESEL DRIVEN HYDRAULIC POWER UNIT SPECIFICATIONS CANADA OriginDescription SpecificationDiesel Motor Output 114 HP at 2,300 rpmMaximum Flow Rate 60 gpm at 1,000 psiMaximum Pressure 3,000 psiHydraulic Oil Capacity 140 US Gal. (530 L)Diesel Tank Capacity 42 US Gal. (159 L)Operation Type Open loop for over-center valveDecibel Readings: 1.0 meter, 1 minute 94 db (A), 97 db (C)Overall Length 101-3/4" (385.17 cm)Overall Width 50" (189.27 cm)Overall Height 66-3/4" (252.68 cm)Overall Weight 4,200 lb. (1,905 Kg)JAM SystemOur Joint Analyzed Make-Up unit is designed to enable users to fully monitor thousands of connections in breaking out and making up during the operation, securing against any collapse, thread damage or uncontrolled torque of the drill pipe, collars, heavy and spiral weights, in addition to all casing and tubing accessories. We provide full access of oilfield tubular connection threads such as Vam, Tenaris, Hydril and other thread connections.USA OriginOverviewConTech's Torque Control Systems are used in the makeup of casing, tubing, drill pipe, downhole motors and accessories, etc. ConTech's Torque Turn Systems can be installed and run with virtually any hydraulic, pneumatic, or manual tongs in the field, as well as bucking units in plant applications.The CT 3000LT Torque Turn System features high resolution graphics with two processors and a choice or four makeup programs.Technical SpecificationsHardware▪110/220 Volt Switchable▪Color Monitor▪Display-Torque Digital in Real Time▪Display - Color Graphics in Real Time▪Electronic Dump Valve▪35 Millisecond Dump Valve Response▪Electronic Load Cell▪Optional Hydraulic Load Cell & Pressure Transducer▪Printing on-Site▪Real Time Clock▪Report - Hard Copy - Color GraphicsSoftware▪Data Storage Accomplished by Hard Disk▪Maximum Torque Input Value is 999,999 (ft/lbs.)▪Memory Storage capacity (in joints) in standard configuration is 2000(x100)▪Tong RPM graphed in real timeProgram Features▪Joint Overlay - Joint Re-Call (Instant)▪Magnification - All Menu Features accessible @ Test Screen▪Torque Shoulder Cursor Identifier - Sampling Frequency is 2,400 Data Points/Sec.▪Self Check Reliability Program - 1/7500 Turn Resolution via Shaft EncoderFill up ToolsTo conserve rig time for our clients during casing running operations, SAKNAFTA© offers its Casing Circulating Fill-up and Flow Back Tool. Our fill up tools are compatible with both the Top Drive and Kelly systems and canrun inside casing sizes from 4 1⁄2” to 20”. This system is used for filling up and circulating the casing, and flow back operations which are not performed by system.Max Pressure 1500 PSIUSA OriginHandling ToolsOur casings handling running tools are sourced to support casing and tubing operations.This technology provides a safer casing running environment by eliminating high-risk operations. Furthermore, Handling Tools also prove to be highly effective in reducing hazards on rig floor operations. We offer quality Rotary Hand Slips and Bowl Slips that are available in sizes ranging from 2 3/8″ to 31” equipped with a center latch; side door elevators, spider slips, elevators, Flush Mounted Spiders (FMS) and power slips in a variety of latch types, inserts types and slip assemblies to meet client requirements for sizes ranging from 2 3/8” to 24”.-BILCO TUBING PRECISION SPIDER SLIPS AND ELEVATORBILCO 150 ton pneumatic tubing spider slips and elevator c/w inserts andwraparound fine teeth dies (Low Marking) for sizes:2-3/8”, 2-7/8”, 3-1/2", 4-1/2” and 5”.USA OriginCasing & TubingRunning Services - SLIP TYPE ELEVATORSHYCBJ 200 ton HYC slip type center latch elevator for sizes:4-1/ 2” and 5”.USA OriginHYTBJ 150 ton HYT slip type center latch elevator for sizes:2-7/8” and 3-1/2”.USA OriginYTBJ 75 ton YT slip type center latch elevator for sizes:2-3/8”, 2-7/8” and 3-1/2”.USA OriginCasing & TubingRunning Services -CASING AND TUBING ELEVATORSSINGLE JOINT ELEVATORS SIDE DOOR ELEVATORSBJ 200 and 150 ton side door elevators sizes for: 7", 9-5/8", 13-3/8" and 20". USA OriginVARCO 5 ton casing and tubing single joint elevators for sizes:3-1/2", 4-1/2", 5", 7", 9-5/8",13-3/8" and 20".USA OriginNON MARKING SINGLE JOINT ELEVATORVARCO 5 ton tubing single joint elevators c/w Aluminum sleeve for 13% Chromium tubing for sizes : 3-1/2", 4-1/2", and 5". USA OriginCasing & TubingRunning Services-CASING AND TUBING ROTARY SLIPSo CASING ROTARY HAND SLIPSVARCO 150 ton casing rotary hand slips for sizes: 7", 9-5/8", 13-3/8" and 20".USA OriginTUBING ROTARY HAND SLIPSVARCO 150 ,100 & 75 ton tubing rotary handslips for sizes: 2-3/8", 2-7/8", 3-1/2", 4-1/2" and 5".USA OriginDEN-CON TS-150 PNEUMATIC TUBING SPIDER SLIPSDEN-CON 150 ton pneumatic tubing spider slips for sizes: 2-3/8", 2-7/8", 3-1/2", 4-1/2" and 5". USA OriginCasing & TubingRunning Services-CASING AND TUBING ACCESSORIESTHREADS PROTECTORCLAMPON casing threads protector for sizes:7", 9-5/8", 13-3/8" and 20”.USA OriginSTABBING GUIDESStabbing guide for premium connections for sizes:3-1/2", 4-1/2", 5" and 7”.USA OriginTEFLON MANDREL DRIFTSTeflon mandrel drift for premium connectionsfor sizes: 2-7/8", 3-1/2", 4-1/2" and 5” tubing with different weights.USA OriginCASING SAFETY CLAMPVARCO casing safety clamp for sizes: 3-3/4",4-1/2", 5", 7", 9-5/8" and 13-3/8”.USA Origin。
各种井下工具中英文对照
测试投捞工具室Room of Casting and Fishing Tools in Logging1．打捞器：（打捞短钢丝与绳帽）本仪器适合打捞10米以下断钢丝。
Fishing tool: ( salvaging short steel wire and the rope headgear ）It is used for salvaging broken steel wires within the length of 10 meters。
2．打捞器：专用打捞井底的外丝扣仪器,本仪器与加重杆配套使用。
Fishing tool：It is for the special use of salvaging outer buckles under well accompanying with aggravated poles。
3．打捞器(打捞长钢丝)适合打捞10米以上钢丝必须与加重杆、钢丝绞车配合使用。
Fishing tool：It is fit for salvaging steel wires upwards of the length of 10 meters using aggravated poles and steel winches together。
4．油管内壁取胶圈专用扳手，专用于取井底胶圈。
Special—purpose spanner of fetching rubber collar out of the inner wall of tubing，fetching rubber collar under well only。
5．打捞器:(打捞内丝扣)专用打捞掉入井底的内线扣仪器,与加重杆配套使用。
Fishing tool: (salvaging inner buckle): for the special use of salvaging inner buckle under well using aggravated poles together.6．堵塞器：与水嘴配合使用，调节水量.Plugging instrument: adjusting liquid flow, using water faucets together，。
treestorm
treestormTreestormIntroductionIn recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the preservation and sustainable management of forests and their ecosystems. One significant phenomenon that contributes to this interest is a treestorm. Treestorms are natural events characterized by severe windstorms or hurricanes that can cause significant damage to forest ecosystems. This document will explore the impact of treestorms on forests and the strategies employed in their aftermath to promote forest health and recovery.1. Definition and Causes of Treestorms1.1 DefinitionA treestorm refers to a weather event characterized by strong winds or hurricanes that result in the uprooting or snapping of trees. These events often lead to significant damage to forest ecosystems and can have long-lasting ecological effects.1.2 CausesTreestorms occur when intense weather systems generate high-speed winds that exceed the structural integrity of trees. Factors such as low atmospheric pressure, temperature differentials, and the speed and direction of wind currents contribute to the formation of treestorms.2. Impact of Treestorms on Forest Ecosystems2.1 Ecological ImpactTreestorms have a profound impact on forest ecosystems. The uprooting and breaking of trees disrupt ecological processes, including carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, and habitat availability for wildlife. The loss of vegetation also leads to increased soil erosion, degradation, and altered water regimes.2.2 Biodiversity LossTreestorms can result in the loss of plant and animal species due to the destruction of their habitats. The removal of old-growth trees and the subsequent changes to the forest structure can disrupt the delicate balance of biodiversity, potentially leading to long-term negative consequences.3. Strategies for Forest Recovery and Management3.1 Salvage LoggingOne strategy employed after a treestorm event is salvage logging. This process involves the removal of damaged or downed trees to minimize the risk of forest fires and to recover economic value from the damaged wood. However, salvage logging can be controversial, as it may cause further ecological disruption and impede natural regeneration.3.2 Reforestation and Ecological RestorationTo promote forest recovery and minimize the long-term effects of treestorms, reforestation and ecological restoration efforts are essential. This involves the planting of new trees and the implementation of conservation practices to restore the structural integrity and biodiversity of the forest ecosystem.3.3 Forest Management PracticesManaging forests to withstand treestorm events is critical for minimizing damage. Practices such as selective logging, retention of old-growth trees, and creating buffer zones canenhance forest resiliency to strong winds and reduce the impact of treestorms.4. Case Study: Hurricane Katrina's Impact on Gulf Coast Forests4.1 OverviewThe devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina in 2005 provides a case study to understand the impact of a treestorm on forest ecosystems. The hurricane resulted in extensive damage, including the loss of millions of trees and significant changes to the coastal forests of the Gulf Coast region.4.2 Ecological ConsequencesHurricane Katrina resulted in the loss of crucial ecosystem services provided by coastal forests, including storm surge mitigation and wildlife habitat. The long-term ecological consequences of the storm are still being studied, but early research suggests significant changes in forest composition and hydrological dynamics.5. ConclusionTreestorms are natural events that have significant ecological impacts on forest ecosystems. By understanding the causes and effects of these phenomena, forest managers can implement strategies to promote forest recovery and long-term sustainability. Effective forest management practices, reforestation efforts, and ecological restoration are crucial for mitigating the damage caused by treestorms, safeguarding biodiversity, and preserving the vital services forests provide.。
专业英语补充词汇
岩土工程常用词汇（汉英）安全工作荷载safe working load安全规程safety regulations安全检验员competent person安全系数safety factor, coefficient of safety安装工程installation work安装工程费installation expense安装工程图installation diagram拔桩pile extraction拔桩机pile drawer, extractor坝dam坝基dam foundation坝趾dam toe坝踵dam heel泊松比Poisson´s ratio班组team and groups搬迁费compensation for removal板式振动压实机vibrating plate compactor板桩sheet pile拌和车agitating truck, agitating lorry拌和台mixing platform, mixing table拌和站batching plant 拌浆机grout mixer办公费administration expenses饱和度degree of saturation饱和含水量saturation moisture content饱和密度saturated density饱和土saturated soil饱和重度saturated unit weight保管费storage charges报价quoted price报价方案contractor´s proposal爆扩桩exploded pile, blown tip pile爆破置换法blasting replacement method爆炸法dynamic method爆炸挤密法blasting compaction method杯形基础socket-connected footing被动土压力passive earth pressure被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure被动桩passive pile贝诺特灌注桩Benoto cast-in-place pile本构方程constitutive equation本构模型constitutive model泵送混凝土pumpcrete，pump concrete比重specific gravity比重计areometer边坡分析slope analysis边坡夯实slope tamping边坡加固slope protection边坡破坏slope failure边坡稳定slope stability边桩border pile变形deformation变形缝expansion joint变形观测deformation observation变形控制deformation control变形模量modulus of deformation变形条件deformation conditions标高elevation标准贯入试验Standard Penetration Test，SPT标贯击数SPT blow count表层变形surface deformation表土surface soil, topsoil丙凝灌浆acrylamide grouting被动土压力passive earth pressure补救措施remedial measure补救性托换remedial underpinning不均匀沉降differential settlement不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity不连续级配gap gradation不排土桩non-displacement pile不扰动土样(非扰动土样) undisturbed sample不透水地基impervious foundation不稳定边坡unstable slope布辛涅斯克解Boussinesq's solution槽段wall panel槽钢channel侧摩阻力side friction侧向变形lateral deformation侧向荷载lateral load测井logging插入式振捣器spud vibrator差异沉降differential settlement, unequal settlement拆模demoulding柴排（水利工程用）brush mattress, fascine mattress柴排护岸brush mattress protection柴排护坡brush mattress protection柴排基础fascine foundation, mat foundation柴油打桩锤diesel pile hammer长螺旋钻continuous flight auger长期稳定性long-term stability场地site场地地质条件geologic site condition场地勘察site investigation场地平整ground leveling场地选择site selection敞口管桩open-end pipe pile抄平leveling超固结土over-consolidated soil超固结比over-consolidation ratio (OCR) 超静定结构indeterminate structure超静定梁statically indeterminate beam 超静水压力excess hydrostatic pressure超孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure超载superimposed load, surcharge, super load沉碴slime沉管灌注桩vibro pile沉降（量）settlement沉降缝settlement joint沉井open caisson沉箱caisson, box caisson衬砌lining成本分析cost analysis成本核算cost keeping , cost accounting 成本计算cost account成本-收益分析cost-benefit analysis (CBA)成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile 承包商contractor承包施工contract construction承台pile caps承压水confined water承载力bearing capacity ,load-carrying capacity持力层bearing stratum充盈充数fullness coefficient冲击荷载impact load冲击钻机percussion boring rig冲击钻进percussion drilling，percussive drilling冲洗液drilling fluids冲抓法percussion and grabbing method抽砂筒sand bailer抽水试验pumping test出水量yield of water初勘preliminary prospecting初凝initial set触探试验penetration test垂直支撑vertical bracing粗骨料coarse aggregate粗砂coarse sand搭接长度lap length搭接缝lapped seam搭接焊lap welding打夯机tamping machine打入桩driven pile打桩机pile driver打桩架pile frame袋装砂井sand wick单独基础individual footing, isolated foundation, spread footing单跨桥single-span bridge单面焊welding by one side单面排水one-way drainage单液灌浆single shot grouting单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile单桩极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of single pile单桩容许承载力allowable bearing capacity of single pile淡水fresh water挡土墙retaining wall挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall导管concrete pipe , guide tube导孔guide hole倒梁法inverted beam method导墙guide wall倒楼盖法method of inverted beam and girder floor等间距at equal spacing等截面梁girder of constant section 等弯距理论equal moment theory等效荷载equivalent load等效粒径equivalent grain size, equivalent diameter等效梁equivalent beam等效内摩擦角equivalent angle of internal friction等效弯距equivalent bending moment等效应力equivalent stress低桩承台low pile cap , buried pile cap堤dike , embankment , levee堤岸加固bank stabilization, bank strengthening 堤岸坍塌sloughing of embankment抵抗力矩resisting moment地表水surface water地层formation, stratum, layer地层压力ground pressure地基沉降foundation settlement地基变形foundation deformation地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation地基处理soil treatment, soil reinforcement地基容许变形量allowable settlement of foundation soil地基容许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基土subsoil, subgrade, foundation soil地基土剖面图subsoil profile地基土液化liquefaction of subsoil地基稳定性stability of foundation地面沉降（下沉）ground subsidence地面隆起land heave , land upheaval地下工程underground engineering地下管道ground pipe地下管线underground utilities，underground line地下结构物underground structure地下连续墙diaphragm wall , slurry wall地下室basement地下水groundwater地下水位groundwater level地下铁道subway, underground railway地形terrain地形图ground map, topographic maps地震earthquake ,seism, temblor地震波seismic waves地震烈度earthquake intensity地质报告geological report地质调查geological survey地质构造geological structure点焊point welding , spot welding电动硅化法electrosilicification电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting电渗加固electro-osmotic stabilization 电渗降水electro-osmotic drainage垫层cushion吊桩就位pile setting叠加法method of superposition定喷directional jet grouting动荷载dynamic load动水位dynamic level动载试验dynamic-load test ,moving-load test冻结法freeing method冻结法施工freezing method冻结深度frost depth ,frost penetration冻土frozen soil端承桩end-bearing pile堆石坝rockfill darn堆载预压preloading墩基础pier foundation盾构法shied driving method多层锚杆multi-anchorage system二次灌浆back-grouting二维固结two-dimensional consolidation筏式基础raft foundation法兰盘flange翻浆boiling , mudding反滤层filter, filter layer反循环回转钻进reverse-circulation rotarydrilling防渗anti-seepage防渗帷幕water-tight screen分布荷载distributed load分层夯实tamping in layers分层压实compaction in layers粉煤灰fly ash粉砂silty sand粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder-deep-mixing method粉土silt粉质粘土silty clay风化岩石weathered rock腐殖土muck附加应力superimposed stress复打redriving复合地基composite foundation干式钻进dry drilling刚性基础rigid foundation钢板桩steel sheet pile钢管桩steel pipe pile钢筋间距bar spacing钢筋笼cage of reinforcement钢筋混凝土预制板桩precast reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile钢绳冲击钻cable tool drill钢桩steel pile高层建筑high-rise building高压灌浆high pressure grouting高压喷射注浆jet grouting高桩承台high-rise pile cap工程project工程测量engineering survey,工程承包合同engineering contract工程处engineering department工程地质测绘engineering geologic mapping工程地质勘察engineering geological investigation工程地质勘察报告engineering geological investigation report工程地质评价engineering geological evaluation工程地质条件engineering geological condition工程地质图engineering geologic map工程地质学engineering geology工程概算engineering approximate estimate, estimate of construction, project estimate工程监理engineering supervision工程进度progress of the works, jobschedule工程进度表work schedule ,working schedule, time schedule, time chart工程决算final engineering cost工程可靠性engineering reliability工程量engineering quantities工程抢修salvage of engineering工程施工project construction工程水力学engineering hydraulics工程水文学engineering hydrology工程投资engineering investment工程验收acceptance of constructional work, acceptance of work工程造价construction cost, cost of work , project cost工程制图engineering drawing工地jobsite , building site工地办公室field office工地围墙area wall工地照明field lighting工房barrack工棚shelter, barracks工期work period, construction period工区work area工伤事故accident on duty工业污染industrial contamination 工字钢I-bar, I-steel, I-beam工作（竖）井working shaft工作半径working radius, radius of clean-up工作坑working pit工作面working face工作平台working platform工作桩working pile拱坝arch dam骨料aggregate固结度degree of consolidation固结系数coefficient of consolidation管涌piping灌浆泵grouting pump灌浆帷幕grout curtain灌浆压力grouting pressure灌注桩cast-in-place pile, cast-in-situ pile规范standard, norm硅化法（硅化固结）silicification硅化灌浆silicification grouting硅酸钠（水玻璃）water glass, sodium silicate含砂量sand content含水层water-bearing bed含水量试验moisture content test夯ram夯锤pounder夯坑crater夯实compaction夯实土compacted soil恒载dead load横撑strut护坡revetment护桩fender pile滑坡landslide, slide化学灌浆chemical grouting化学加固法chemical stabilization换填法soil replacement, replacement method黄土loess黄土湿陷性loess collapsibility灰土垫层lime soil cushion灰土桩lime soil pile回灌recharging回填土backfill回转冲击钻进rotary percussion drilling 混凝土板桩concrete sheet pile混凝土搅拌运输车agitator truck混凝土龄期age of concrete混凝土坍落度slump of concrete混凝土桩concrete pile活荷载live load基础沉降foundation settlement基础底面(底面)foundation base基础垫层foundation bed基础工程foundation engineering基础梁foundation beam基础埋置深度depth of foundation construction基础平面布置图foundation layout plan 基础施工foundation construction基础托换underpinning基底附加应力superimposed pressure at foundation base基底净压力net foundation pressure基底隆起heave of base基底压力foundation pressure 基坑foundation pit基坑支护bracing of foundation pit基岩bedrock极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity 极限荷载ultimate load集料aggregate挤密灌浆compaction grouting挤密砂桩sand compaction pile挤密土桩soil compaction pile加固灌浆stabilizing grouting加筋土reinforced soil碱液灌浆soda solution grouting降水井dewatering well降水预压dewatering preloading搅拌机agitator, mixer接触灌浆surface grouting井径比drain spacing ratio井距well spacing静力压桩silent piling静水压力hydrostatic pressure纠偏技术rectification technique勘察site investigation勘探exploration ,prospecting坑道gallery孔口标高elevation of borehole孔隙pore, void孔隙比void ratio孔隙测定仪void measurement apparatus 孔隙度(率) porosity孔隙含量void content孔隙流体波fluid wave in soil孔隙气压力pore air pressure孔隙水头pore water head孔隙水压力pore water pressure孔隙水压力计piezometer, pore water pressure cell孔隙压力pore pressure孔隙压力比pore-pressure ratio孔隙压力系数pore pressure parameter孔下电视录像机downhole TV camera孔眼尺寸 pore size跨度span扩底桩belled pier离析segregation沥青灌浆asphalt grouting连续梁continuous beam流砂quick sand落距fall毛石基础stone footing , stone foundation锚杆anchor锚杆长度bolt length锚杆间距bolt spacing锚杆设计拉力design tension of anchor 锚杆支护bolt support锚固长度anchorage length锚固段anchorage section锚固力anchoring force锚具anchorage device锚索anchor rope, anchor cable, anchorage cable锚头anchor head锚桩anchor pile锚座anchorage磨擦-端承桩friction-end bearing pile磨擦桩friction pile 逆作法downward construction method碾压（法）compaction by rolling牛腿bracket排水垫层drainage blanket排水固结法consolidation排水化学板chemical board排水井drainage well排水砂桩drain pile喷锚支护combined bolting and shotcrete喷射灌浆jet grouting喷射混凝土shotcrete浅基础shallow foundation嵌岩桩piles set into rock强夯dynamic compaction圈梁periphery beam群桩pile group, group pile人工地基artificial ground人工填土artificial soil ,artificial fill人力钻hand boring软弱地基soft soil ground软弱下卧层soft substratum三重管旋喷法triple-pipe chemical churning process砂层sand layer砂垫层sand blanket , sand cushion砂浆mortar砂浆锚杆mortar bolt砂井sand drain砂砾石sandy gravel砂土sandy soil, sand soil砂土液化liquefaction of sandy soil砂桩sand pile , sand column深层搅拌法deep mixing method深层石灰搅拌法deep-lime-mixing method, lime-deep-mixing method深基础deep foundation渗透灌浆permeation grouting湿陷性黄土collapsible loess石灰桩lime pile试桩test pile树根桩root pile竖向荷载vertical load双液灌浆two shot grouting水泥灌浆cement grouting水泥深层搅拌法cement-deep-mixing method水平荷载horizontal load素填土plain fill素混凝土plain concrete素土垫层plain soil cushion碎石桩gravel pile坍落度slump 弹性变形elastic deformation天然地基natural foundation天然土natural soil填土backfill, backfill soil条分法slices method条形基础strip footing, continuous footing调直钢筋straighten steel bars跳打staggered piling投标bid透水层permeable layer土层锚杆earth anchor土垫层soil cushion土工试验soil test土工织物geotextile , geofabric土力学soil mechanics土压力系数earth pressure coefficient土桩earth pile土桩挤密compacted earth pile托换技术underpinning technique帷幕灌浆curtain grouting无粘性土non-cohesive soil细骨料fine aggregate细砂fine sand下部结构substructure下沉subsidence下卧层substratum箱形基础box foundation斜桩rake pile, raking pile压力灌浆inject grout, pressure grouting压入桩jacked pile岩石锚杆rock anchor岩土工程geotechnical engineering岩屑cuttings腰梁breast timber液化liquefaction淤泥muck淤泥质土mucky soil预压法preloading method预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pile 预应力锚杆prestressed anchor预制砼板桩precast concrete sheet pile原位测试in-situ measurement, in-situ soil test原状土undisturbed soil杂填土miscellaneous fill张拉锁定tensile fixation真空预压法vacuum preloading method 振冲法vibroflotation method振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column振冲置换vibro-replacement置换率replacement ratio 重锤夯实heavy tamping重度unit weight主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure抓斗grab excavator , grabbing excavator桩的平面布置arrangement of piles , pile layout 桩的入土深度total penetration of pile桩端pile tip桩基（桩基础）pile footing ,pile foundation 桩架pile frame桩尖pile tip桩距pile spacing桩帽pile helmet桩墙piling wall桩身pile shaft桩头pile head桩位布置图piling plan桩靴pile shoe自重湿陷性黄土self-weight collapsible loess自重应力self-weight stress钻机drilling rig钻具drilling stem钻孔灌注桩bored cast-in-place pile组合桩composite pile钻杆boring rod ,drilling rod钻机drilling rig ,boring machine钻架boring frame钻井平台drilling platform钻孔冲洗液drilling fluid钻孔堵塞bridge钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔灌注桩piles in pre-bored holes ,bored cast-in-place pile钻孔记录borehole log ,boring log钻孔扩底桩under-reamed bored pile钻孔泥浆drilling mud钻孔竖井drilled shaft钻孔压水试验packer tests钻孔柱状图borehole log ,bore log钻塔derrick钻探boring , drilling钻探报告drilling report钻探设备drilling equipment钻探绳索取心drilling and wire-line coring 钻头drilling bit, boring bit钻渣（钻屑）cutting of boring最大干密度maximum dry density最大孔隙比maximum void ratio最大粒径maximum particle size最大容重maximum dry weight最后贯入度final set最小孔隙比minimum void ratio ,void ratio in densest state最优含水量optimum water content ,optimum density最终沉降final settlement钻孔、压水、灌浆工程施工常用词语汇总Collection of commonly used words and expressionfor construction of drilling, water-pressure testing and grouting works一、钻孔1. Drilling works迁机到位: Move rig to a hole;稳定钻机（打地锚）: Stabilize the drill rig (by anchoring);校正角度: Center to the hole;开孔: Open a hole;镶管: Mount pipes;下钻: Lower the bit;起钻: Lift the bit;进尺: Footage;孔深: Depth;处理孔故: Deal with accidents(掉钻: Bit falls off;埋钻: Bit is covered;跑钻: Bit offsets;落物: Other objects fall into the hole;卡钻: Bit is blocked;烧钻: Bit is overheated;铸钻: Bit is held by injected grout;断管: Core barrel or rod is broken;塌孔: Hole collapse);泥浆护壁: Protect the hole wall with grout;打吊锤: Adopt hammer to handle accident;捞砂: Dispose the sediments at the bottom of the hole;冲孔: Flush the hole;返水正常: The returning water is normal;漏水: Water loss;扫孔: Re-drilling;岩芯堵塞: Core blocked in the core barrel;扩孔: Ream the hole;验孔深: Check the depth of the hole;测孔斜: Measure the inclination;停机: Stop operating the rig;停水: Water shortage;停电: Power shortage;（按监理指令）停工: Suspension (as instructed by the Engineer); 接线: Connect power to electrical equipment;修机: Repair rig;移机: Move rig to the next hole; 辅助工作: Assistant work钻机: Drill rig钻头: Drill bit钻杆: Drill rod稳固钻机: Anchor the drill rig开钻: Start drilling钻进: Drilling完钻: Complete drilling终孔: Finish the drilling work起钻: Lift the drill bit芯样: Core新鲜: Fresh风化: Weathered微风化: Slightly weathered弱风化: Moderately weathered强风化: Strongly weathered全风化: Completely weathered 岩芯箱: Core box回次: Round孔深: Depth段长: Length of stage钻孔冲洗: Flush压水试验: Water pressure test测斜仪: Inclinometer二、压水2. Water pressure testing压水准备: Prepare for water testing;接管: Connect pipelines;检修管路: Examine and check the pipelines;段长: Length of stage;压水结束: Completion ofwater-pressure testing;压水中断: Interruption of water pressure testing;设备故障: Equipment breakdown; 修泵: Repair the pumps三、灌浆3. Grouting works安装灌浆塞: Install the packer;下塞: Lower the packer;卡塞: Set packer;铸塞: Packer is held by injected grout;漏浆: Loss of grout; 绕塞返浆: Grout backflows from outside of the packer;地表冒浆: Grout leaks out from ground surface;孔内串浆: Intercommunication between the grouting hole and other holes;提塞: Lift the packer;起塞: Pull out the packer;换浆: replace the wasted grout with fresh grout;变浆: Change the water cement ratio;活动钻杆: Move the drill rod;砂浆封孔: Seal the hole with mortar;灌浆自动记录仪: Automatic grouting recorder;灌浆塞: Packer;制浆站: Grout mixing plant;螺旋输送机: Spiral conveyor;搅拌槽: Agitator;浆液配比: Water cement ratio;密度: Density;粘度: Viscosity;温度: Temperature;比重计: Hydrometer;比重称: Mud balance;粘度计: Viscosimeter;温度计: Thermometer;开灌: Start grouting;终灌: Complete grouting;吸浆量: Grout take;注浆量: Injected grout volume; 水泥: Cement;粘土: Clay膨润土: Bentonite外加剂: Additive四、工具4. Tools管钳子: Pliers扳手: Spanner垫叉: Fork万用表: Multimeter螺丝刀: Screwdriver套筒扳手: Wrench。
丛林大火英语摘抄卡
丛林大火英语摘抄卡
There are several ways to rescue these damaged forests and timber products from the forest in the United States every year.First of all，after a devastating fire，the forest is blocked by dead trees.If these trees are not removed，they will take years to decompose.At the same time，there are no new trees to grow。
However，in a narrow space，rescue logging can remove the remains of dead trees and make room for new growth，which may help forest areas from disasters Recovery from salvage logging.
中文翻译：
每年，森林火灾和严重风暴都会对美国西北部的森林造成很大的破坏，处理这些灾难后果的一种方法称为抢救性伐木，这是从受灾地区清除枯树，并将这些木材用于木材、胶合板和其他木制品的做法抢救性采伐对受损森林和经济都有好处的几个原因抢救性伐木抢救性
伐木抢救性采伐首先，在毁灭性的火灾之后，森林被枯树堵塞，如果不把这些树移走，它们将需要数年的时间才能分解，同时，没有新的树木可以然而，在狭小的空间里生长，抢救性伐木可以清除死树的残骸，为新的生长腾出空间，这可能有助于森林地区从灾难抢救性伐木中恢复过来。
日志管理解决方案的测试和评估
日志管理解决方案的测试和评估作者：valen出处：IT专家网2010-08-25 10:24日志管理是所有企业都应该部署的技术，但却只有很少的企业部署了良好的日志管理。
收集和分析计算机和设备日志在很多方面都发挥着重要作用，包括信息安全、操作管理、应用程序监控、系统故障排除和合规审计等，良好的日志管理解决方案能帮助加强企业安全。
安全审计应该是很多企业调查日志管理工具的首要原因。
Verizon公司的“2008年数据泄漏调查报告”(该报告正迅速成为计算机犯罪统计数据的最可靠资源)显示“82%的数据泄漏事故在实际事故发生前就能找到蛛丝马迹，不管具体使用的是何种类型的事件监控，结果都相同：关于数据泄漏攻击的信息并没有被通知或者采取行动”。
本文对七种不同的日志管理硬件和软件解决方案进行了分析，包括ArcSight Logger 4.0、GFI EventsManager v.8.2、LogLogic MX3020 v.4.9.1、LogRhythm LR2000-XM v.5.0、NitroSecurity NitroView ESM and ELM v.8.4、Splunk 4.1.2和Trustwave SIEM。
此次产品评估和分析的目的在于让大家了解日志管理的特性和功能，包括什么功能可以区分不同解决方案。
我们根据相同评估标准来为每个产品评分(1到10分，10分为最高分)，这些产品都是互不相同的，属于不同产品类别。
举例来说，ArcSight的单设备Logger属于严格意义上的日志管理解决方案，因而缺少NitroSecurity的双设备SIEM(安全信息和事件管理)解决方案的很多功能。
本文的产品评估仅仅侧重于日志管理功能，并且产品评分表也只反映其日志管理功能。
当然，从给定价格的角度来看，解决方案提供更多的功能绝对是好事。
本文评估的产品特性和功能与收集、存储和审查企业可能需要密切关注的各种类型事件日志有关。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
The speaker totally contradicts with the points stated in the passage about the benefit brought by the salvage logging for the forest as well as the economy. To refute the reading material, the speaker shows us three distinct reasons.
Firstly, the passage put forward that salvage logging clear up the dead trees for the space for the other plants. However, the lecture hold a opposite viewthat the rapid remove of dead trees does not necessarily provide a right condition for the tree to grow. the decomposition of the decaying trees enriches the soil. when they are removed, the surrounding may have a lack of nutrient for the next generation.
Secondly, the passage argues that some insects may do harm to the forest. Yet, the lecture rebuts the viewpoint in the reading by saying that salvage logging is likely to bring more damage than the pests do. As is seen, some beetles have existed in the woods for nearly one hundred years without causing much damage. In addition, dead trees also provide a habitat for birds and some other insects which contribute to the prosperity of the trees.
Thirdly, according to the passage, salvage logging can be used for production to get economically benefited along with creating more jobs. Nevertheless the lecture states that the profit from salvage logging is comparatively small and contemporary. That is partly offseted by the high expense for the using of helicopter, vehicles and so on. What’s more, the position available usually are taken by outside experienced workers instead of local person. Consequently it may not improve the local economy.。