打印 结构工程常用词汇新版
结构工程常用英语词汇
结构工程常用英语词汇混凝土：concrete 钢筋：reinforcing steel bar钢筋混凝土：reinforced concrete（RC）钢筋混凝土结构：reinforced concrete structure板式楼梯：cranked slab stairs 刚度：rigidity徐变：creep 水泥：cement钢筋保护层：cover to reinforcement 梁：beam柱：column 板：slab 剪力墙：shear wall 基础：foundation剪力：shear 剪切变形：shear deformation 剪切模量：shear modulus拉力：tension 压力：pressure 延伸率：percentage of elongation位移：displacement 应力：stress 应变：strain应力集中：concentration of stresses 应力松弛：stress relaxation 应力图：stress diagram 应力应变曲线：stress-strain curve 应力状态：state of stress 钢丝：steel wire 箍筋：hoop reinforcement 箍筋间距：stirrup spacing 加载：loading抗压强度：compressive strength 抗弯强度：bending strength抗扭强度：torsional strength 抗拉强度：tensile strength裂缝：crack 屈服：yield 屈服点：yield point 屈服荷载：yield load屈服极限：limit of yielding 屈服强度：yield strength屈服强度下限：lower limit of yield 荷载：load 横截面：cross section 承载力：bearing capacity 承重结构：bearing structure弹性模量：elastic modulus 预应力钢筋混凝土：prestressed reinforced concrete 预应力钢筋：prestressed reinforcement 预应力损失：loss of prestress 预制板：precast slab现浇钢筋混凝土结构：cast-in-place reinforced concrete双向配筋：two-way reinforcement 主梁：main beam次梁：secondary beam 弯矩：moment 悬臂梁：cantilever beam延性：ductileity受弯构件：member in bending 受拉区：tensile region 受压区：compressive region 塑性：plasticity轴向压力：axial pressure 轴向拉力：axial tension吊车梁：crane beam 可靠性：reliability 粘结力：cohesive force外力：external force 弯起钢筋：bent-up bar 弯曲破坏：bending failure 屋架：roof truss 素混凝土：non-reinforced concrete无梁楼盖：flat slab 配筋率：reinforcement ratio配箍率：stirrup ratio 泊松比：Poisson’s ratio偏心受拉：eccentric tension 偏心受压：eccentric compression偏心距：eccentric distance 疲劳强度：fatigue strength偏心荷载：eccentric load 跨度：span 跨高比：span-to-depth ratio跨中荷载：midspan load 框架结构：frame structure集中荷载：concentrated load 分布荷载：distribution load分布钢筋：distribution steel 挠度：deflection设计荷载：design load 设计强度：design strength构造：construction 简支梁：simple beam 截面面积：area of section 浇注：pouring 浇注混凝土：concreting钢筋搭接：bar splicing 刚架：rigid frame脆性：brittleness 脆性破坏：brittle failure。
钢结构单词打印
钢结构词汇acceptable quality 合格质量acceptance lot 验收批量aciera 钢材approval analysis during construction stage 施工阶段验算backfilling plate 垫板bar splice 钢筋接头bearing plate 支承板bearing stiffener 支承加劲肋blow hole 气孔board 板材bolt 螺栓bolted connection (钢结构)螺栓连接bolted joint (木结构)螺栓连接bolted steel structure 螺栓连接钢结构bonded prestressed concrete structure 有粘结预应力混凝土结构building structural materials 建筑结构材料building structural unit 建筑结构单元building structure 建筑结构burn—through 烧穿butt connection 对接butt joint 对接butt weld 对接焊缝cast-in—situ concrete structure 现浇混凝土结构cavitation 孔洞column bracing 柱间支撑composite floor system 组合楼盖composite floor with profiled steel sheet 压型钢板楼板composite mortar 混合砂浆composite roof truss 组合屋架compostle member 组合构件compound stirrup 复合箍筋compression member with large eccentricity·大偏心受压构件compression member with small eccentricity·小偏心受压构件oncentration of plastic deformation 塑性变形集中conceptual earthquake—resistant design 建筑抗震概念设计concrete 混凝土concrete column 混凝土柱connecting plate 连接板connection 连接connections of steel structure 钢结构连接continuous weld 连续焊缝corrosion of steel bar 钢筋锈蚀cover plate 盖板covered electrode 焊条crack 裂缝crack resistance 抗裂度crack width 裂缝宽度crane girder 吊车梁cup 翘弯design of building structures 建筑结构设计designations 0f steel 钢材牌号designvalue of material strength 材料强度设计值destructive test 破损试验double component concrete column 双肢柱dowelled joint 销连接down-stayed composite beam 下撑式组合粱effective height 计算高度effective length 计算长度effective span 计算跨度fillet weld 角焊缝fissure 裂缝floor plate 楼板floor system 楼盖four sides(edges)supported plate 四边支承板frame structure 框架结构frame tube structure 单框筒结构frame tube structure 框架—简体结构frame with sidesway 有侧移框架frame without sidesway 无侧移框架frange plate 翼缘板gang nail plate joint 钉板连接grider 主梁grip 夹具grith weld 环形焊缝groove 坡口gusset plate 节点板hanger 吊环hanging steel bar 吊筋high—strength bolt 高强度螺栓high—strength bolt with large hexagon bea 大六角头高强度螺栓high—strength bolted bearing type join 承压型高强度螺栓连接，high—strength bolted connection 高强度螺栓连接high—strength bolted friction—type joint 摩擦型高强度螺栓连接high—strength holted steel slsteel structure 高强螺栓连接钢结构hinge support 铰轴支座hinged connection 铰接hlngeless arch 无铰拱hoop 箍筋hot—rolled deformed bar 热轧带肋钢筋hot—rolled plain bar 热轧光圆钢筋hot-rolled section steel 热轧型钢ncomplete penetration 未焊透incomplete tusion 未溶合incompletely filled groove 未焊满intermediate stiffener 中间加劲肋intermittent weld 断续焊缝joint of reinforcement 钢筋接头key joint 键连接laced of battened compression member 格构式钢柱lamellar tearing 层状撕裂lap connectlon 叠接(搭接)lapped length of steel bar 钢筋搭接长度large pannel concrete structure 混凝土大板结构leg size of fillet weld 角焊缝焊脚尺寸lintel 过梁longitude horizontal bracing 纵向水平支撑(5)longitudinal steel bar 纵向钢筋(35)longitudinal stiffener 纵向加劲肋(53)longitudinal weld 纵向焊缝(60)main axis 强轴(56)main beam·主梁(6)major axis 强轴(56)manual welding 手工焊接(59)manufacture control 生产控制(22)map cracking 龟裂(39)masonry 砌体(17)melt—thru 烧穿(62)method of sampling 抽样方法(23)monitor frame 天窗架mortar 砂浆multi—defence system of earthquake—resistant building·多道设防抗震建筑multi—tube supported suspended structure 多筒悬挂结构nailed joint 钉连接，net height 净高lnet span 净跨度net water／cementratio 净水灰比non-destructive inspection of weld 焊缝无损检验non-destructive test 非破损检验overlap 焊瘤(62)plank 板材(65)plate—like space frame 干板型网架(5)plate—like space truss 平板型网架(5)plug weld 塞焊缝(60)plywood 胶合板(65)plywood structure 胶合板结构(64)primary control 初步控制(22)production control 生产控制(22)quality grade of weld 焊缝质量级别(61)quality inspection of bolted connection 螺栓连接质量检验(63) quality inspection of masonry 砌体质量检验(48)quality inspection of riveted connection 铆钉连接质量检验(63 reinforced concrete structure 钢筋混凝土结构(24)riveted connecction 铆钉连接(60)riveted steel beam 铆接钢梁(52)riveted steel girder 铆接钢梁(52)riveted steel structure 铆接钢结构(50)rolle rsupport 滚轴支座(51)rolled steel beam 轧制型钢梁(51)roof board 屋面板(3)roof bracing system 屋架支撑系统(4)roof girder 屋面梁(4)roof plate 屋面板(3)roof slab 屋面板(3)roof system 屋盖(3)roof truss 屋架(4)rot 腐朽(71)round wire 光圆钢丝(29)seamless steel pipe 无缝钢管(54)seamless steel tube 无缝钢管(54)silos 贮仓(3)skylight truss 天窗架(4)slab 楼板(6)sted 钢材(17)steel bar 钢筋(28)steel column component 钢柱分肢(51)steel columnbase 钢柱脚(51)steel fiber reinforced concrete structure·钢纤维混凝土结构(26) steel hanger 吊筋(37)steel pipe 钢管(54)steel plate 钢板(53)steel plateelement 钢板件(52)steel strip 钢带(53)steel support 钢支座(51)steel tie 拉结钢筋(36)steel tie bar for masonry 砌体拉结钢筋(47)steel tube 钢管(54)steel tubular structure 钢管结构(50)steel wire 钢丝(28)stepped column 阶形柱(7)stiffener 加劲肋(52)stiffness of structural member 构件刚度(19)stiffness of transverse wall 横墙刚度(45)suspended structure 悬挂结构(3)timber roof truss 木屋架(64)tor-shear type high-strength bolt 扭剪型高强度螺栓(54)torsional rigidity of section 截面扭转刚度(19)torsional stiffness of member 构件抗扭刚度(20)total breadth of structure 结构总宽度(21)total height of structure 结构总高度(21)total length of structure 结构总长度(21)transmission length of prestress 预应力传递长度(36)transverse horizontal bracing 横向水平支撑(4)transverse stiffener·横向加劲肋(53)transverse weld 横向焊缝(60)transversely distributed steelbar 横向分布钢筋(36)trapezoid roof truss 梯形屋架(4)triangular pyramid space grids 三角锥体网架(5)triangular roof truss 三角形屋架(4)trussed arch 椽架(64)trussed rafter 桁架拱(5)tube in tube structure 筒中筒结构(3)tube structure 简体结构(2)twist 扭弯(71)undercut 咬边(62)uniform cross—section beam 等截面粱(6)visual examination of structural member 构件外观检查(39)visual examination of structural steel member 钢构件外观检查(63) visual examination of weld 焊缝外观检查(62)wall beam 墙梁(42)wall frame 壁式框架(门)wall—slab structure 墙板结构(2)warping 翘曲(40)，(71)web plate 腹板(52)weld 焊缝(6[))weld crack 焊接裂纹(62)weld defects 焊接缺陷(61)weld roof 焊根(61)weld toe 焊趾(61)weldability of steel bar 钢筋可焊性(39)welded framework 焊接骨架()welded steel beam 焊接钢梁(welded steel girder 焊接钢梁(52)welded steel pipe 焊接钢管(54)welded steel strueture 焊接钢结构(50)welding connection·焊缝连接(59)welding flux 焊剂(54)welding rod 焊条(54)welding wire 焊丝(54)现场field engineering; job site; site; scene (FE)现场安装field mounted (FM)现场安装工作on-site installation work现场安装和维修条件installation and maintenance conditions at field 现场安装螺栓field bolting; field bolt现场安装容器field assembly of vessels现场操作规范field-work standards现场抽查spot checking现场淬火field quenching现场存货field warehousing现场的local现场电视监测生产法television-monitored production现场调查field investigation; field survey; spot investigation; field method; spot survey; (spot) field investigation现场调查设计field survey design现场调查员field worker现场调度spot dispatch现场发泡foam-in-place现场仿真field simulation现场访问facility visit现场工作field work现场管理field management; worksite management现场灌注球基桩franki pile现场焊接field weld; site weld; site welding; field welding现场核查on-site verification现场核数员field auditor现场计数field enumeration现场计算field calculation现场记录record on spot现场加工field processing现场检查on-site inspection; on-spot check; spot checking现场检验field inspection; on-site inspection; floor inspection; spot inspection现场交货delivery on the spot; ex works现场交货价格ex point of origin现场交通site traffic现场浇铸cast-in-place现场浇筑cast in situs现场接线field connection现场经纪floor broker; pit broker现场决标award at tender opening现场勘测site survey现场勘察on-the-spot investigation现场可变只读存储器field alterable ROM现场可更换部件field-replaceable unit现场客floor trader现场铆钉对接接头site riveted butt joint现场铆接field rivet(t)ing; site rivet(ing)现场配料field mix现场平衡法field balancing technique现场清洗in-place cleaning现场人员训练field personnel training现场摄像机field camera; live camera现场设备field apparatus现场生产性能测定on-farm performance现场实习workshop practice现场实验field experiment现场使用field service; field usage现场使用可靠性on-the-job dependability现场试验field experiment; field test; field investigation; field trial; site test; site trial; on-the-spot experiment现场试验程序field test procedures现场手册field manual现场数据field data现场栓接field bolted现场踏勘reconnaissance trip现场统计field statistics现场维修field maintenance; on-site repair现场修理current repair; spot repair现场制造field manufacturing现场制作field fabrication; fabrication on site现场装配field connection现场组装field assembly现场总线fieldbus现场可替换单元LRU [现场的on-site [现场冷却spot cooling [现场冷却；局部冷却spot cooling进度progress; tempo进度安排scheduling进度报表progress report; progress sheet进度报告制度progress reporting system进度工作日程progress schedule进度估计progress estimate进度管理progress control; schedule control进度计划scheduled plan进度计划安排scheduling进度计划表schedule diagram进度计划明细表detailed schedule进度计划总表master schedule进度检查follow-up进度控制schedule control; progress control进度时间表process schedule进度图progress chart; progress map进度维护scheduled maintenance进度照片photographs of progress合同agreement; stipulation; charter; contract合同更改的请求contract change request合同更改建议contract change proposal合同更改通知书contract change notification合同工jobbing work合同工厂contract plant合同管理范围contract management region合同规定contractual specifications合同号contract number合同技术要求contract technical requirements (CTR) 合同签定日期contract award date合同饲养contract feeding合同谈判contract negotiation合同条款terms of the contract合同项目contract item合同要求requirement。
建筑专业土木工程词汇及术语 中英对照
指非生产性的居住建筑和公共建筑，如住宅、办公楼、幼儿园、学校、食堂、影剧院、商店、体育馆、旅馆、医院、展览馆等。
22. 公路 highway
联结城市和乡村，主要供汽车或其它车辆行驶并具备一定技术标准和设施的道路。
应力集中：concentration of stresses
应力松弛：stress relaxation
应力图：stress diagram
应力应变曲线：stress-strain curve
应力状态：state of stress
钢丝：steel wire
箍筋：hoop reinforcement
23. 公路网 highway network
一定区域内相互连络、交织成网状分布的公路系统。
24. 高速公路 freeway
具有四条或四条以上车道，设有中央分隔带，并具有完善的交通安全设施、管理设施和服务设施，为全立交、全封闭，专供汽车高速行驶的公路。
25. 干线公路 arterial highway
箍筋间距：stirrup spacing
加载：loading
抗压强度：compressive strength
抗弯强度：bending strength
抗扭强度：torsional strength
抗拉强度：tensile strength
裂缝：crack
屈服：yield
屈服点：yield point
塑性：plasticity
轴向压力：axial pressure
轴向拉力：axial tension
建筑专业土木工程词汇及术语 中英对照
在直线地段，轨距为1435mm的铁路。
29. 宽轨距铁路 broad gauge railway
在直线地段，轨距大于1435mm的铁路。
30. 窄轨距铁路 narrow gauge railway
在直线地段，轨距小于1435mm的铁路。
将建筑物、构筑物以及各种设施的上部结构所承受的各种作用和自重传递到地基的结构组成部分。
13. 地基 foundation soil; subgrade; subbase; ground
支承由基础传递或直接由上部结构传递的各种作用的土体或岩体。未经加工处理的称为天然地基。
14. 木结构 timber structure
屋架：roof truss
素混凝土：non-reinforced concrete
无梁楼盖：flat slab
配筋率：reinforcement ratio
配箍率：stirrup ratio
泊松比：Poisson’s ratio
偏心受拉：eccentric tension
偏心受压：eccentric compression
双向配筋：two-way reinforcement
主梁：main beam
次梁：secondary beam
弯矩：moment
悬臂梁：cantilever beam
延性：ductileity
受弯构件：member in bending
受拉区：tensile region
受压区：compressive region
弹性模量：elastic modulus
结构专业常用英语词汇剖析
度
cover
砂
sand
碎石
crushed stone
钢板
steel plate
雨水篦子板
rain water grating
I级
grade I
热轧带肋钢筋
hot rolled ribbed steel bars
钢筋锚固长度 bond length of rebars
箍筋
stirrup
弯起钢筋
bent-up bar
抗压强度
compression strength
普通硅酸盐水泥 ordinary portland cement
卵石
pebble
砾石
gravel
骨料 粘土砖
aggregate clay brick
水泥 垫层
cement cushion
4. 地基基础
扩展基础
spread foundation
地基
ground,foundation soils
搭接长度
overlapping length
螺母
nut
地脚螺栓
foundation bolt
外露100，丝扣80
outcrop 100mm，thread 80mm
C40混凝土
C40 concrete: class 40
细石混凝土
fine aggregate concrete
配合比
mixture ratio
hot-rolled equal-leg angle steel
hot-rolled channel steel strap steel verticality framed at site
焊缝 焊缝高度 焊缝长度 气焊
结构专业常用英语词汇
结构专业常⽤英语词汇结构专业常⽤英语词汇1. ⼀般术语房屋建筑⼯程building engineering ⼟⽊⼯程civil engineering 建构筑物construction works 结构structure基础foundation地基ground; foundation soils ⽊结构timber structure 砌体结构masonry structure 钢结构steel structure 混凝⼟结构concrete structure 特种结构special engineering structure房屋建筑building⼯业建筑industrial building 民⽤建筑civil building⽔⼯建筑物marine structure 剪⼒墙结构shear wall structure 混合结构mixed structure 板柱结构slab-column system 框架结构frame structure 壳结构shell structure 拱结构arch strucuture桁架结构truss⽹架结构space grid structure 悬索结构cable-suspended structure 框架-剪⼒墙结构frame-shear wallstructure筒体结构tube structure ⾼耸结构high-rise structure 斜拉桥cable stayed bridge 悬索桥suspension bridge 桁架桥trussed bridge 拱桥arch bridge 引桥approach span 桥墩pier 隧道tunnel 混凝⼟坝concrete dam 渠道channel2. 结构构件构件member 部件component; assembly parts 梁beam截⾯section 板slab; plate 柱column 墙wall 壳shell 桁架truss框架frame刚架rigid frame排架bent frame简⽀梁 simply supported beam 悬臂梁cantilever beam 连续梁continuous beam 叠合梁superposed beam 伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint 截⽔沟(天沟)catch ditch;intercepting channel 排⽔沟 drainage ditch 护坡slope protection;revetment 挡⼟墙retaining wall ⽌⽔sealing; seal;节点joint 桩pile沉降缝settlement joint 防震缝aseismic joint施⼯缝construction joint基础梁foundation beam桩承台pile cap; bearing platform底板 bottom slab⽔池顶板basin top slab现浇墙板cast-in-place wall panel预制墙板pre-cast wall panel钢筋混凝⼟框架reinforced concreteframe钢筋混凝⼟柱reinforced concretecolumn先张法预应⼒混凝⼟管桩pretensioned spunconcrete piles钢筋混凝⼟现浇板cast-in-placereinforced concreteslab斜梁 stringer平台梁 beams of platform⼥⼉墙 parapet⼈孔盖板 manhole cover集⽔坑catchment pit溢流槽 flood relief channel 爬梯 ladder⽜腿 bracket仪表槽盒⽀架instrument trench support电缆⽀架cable trench support ⽀撑brace⽀架support3. 结构材料预埋件embedded plate钢板steel plate钢圆环 steel ring plate⾬⽔篦⼦板 rain water grating 钢筋reinforcing bar I 级 grade I热轧光圆钢筋hot rolled plainsteel bars热轧带肋钢筋hot rolled ribbedsteel bars插筋anchor rebar钢筋锚固长度bond length of rebars钢筋搭接bar splicing箍筋stirrup纵向钢筋longitudinal bar弯起钢筋bent-up bar钢筋间距rod spacing;bar spacing搭接长度overlapping length胀锚螺栓 expansion bolts螺母nut锚栓anchor bolt地脚螺栓foundation boltM30六⾓螺帽M30 six angle screw cap外露100，丝扣80outcrop 100mm，thread 80mm 垫⽚ washer C40混凝⼟C40 concrete: class 40早强剂early-strength admixture细⽯混凝⼟fine aggregate concrete防冻附加剂antifreeze admixture配合⽐mixture ratio抗渗等级P8 seepage class:抗压强度compression strength混凝⼟保护层厚度minimum concrete cover普通硅酸盐⽔泥ordinary portland cement 砂sand卵⽯pebble碎⽯crushed stone砾⽯gravel⾻料aggregate⽔泥cement粘⼟砖clay brick 垫层cushion4. 地基基础扩展基础spread foundation地基ground,foundation soils 刚性基础rigid foundation 独⽴基础single footing 联合基础combined footing 条形基础strip founcation 壳体基础shell foundation 箱形基础box foundation 筏形基础raft foundation 桩基础pile foundation沉井基础open caisson foundation ⼤直径桩基础cylinder pile foundation ⼟岩组合地基soil-rock composite ground地基允许变形值allowable subsoil deformation地基处理ground treatment 复合地基composite foundation 强夯dynamic compaction ⽀档结构retaining structure 基坑⼯程excavation engineering ⾼应变动⼒检测high strain dynamic testing of piles 单桩竖向抗压静载试验vertical compression bearing capacity static test for single pile 单桩⽔平静载试验lateral bearing capacitystatic test for single pile 单桩竖向抗拔静载试验vertical up-lifting bearing capacitystatic test for single pile 单桩竖向抗压极限承载⼒vertical ultimatecompress bearing capacity of a singlepile 桩侧摩阻⼒skin friction resistance 桩顶⽔平位移lateral displacement 桩端阻⼒end bearing resistance 单桩静载试验static test of single pile 单桩⽔平极限承载⼒ultimate lateral bearing capacity for a single pile 单桩竖向抗拔极限承载⼒ultimate vertical up-lifting bearing capacityfor a single pile 素填⼟ Plain Fill 粉⼟ Silt 粉质粘⼟ Silty Clay 淤泥质粉质粘⼟Sludgy Silty Clay 粉砂Silty Sand ⾼压缩性 high compressibility 中粗砂medium sand 中等压缩性 medium compressibility 中细砂fine sand 低压缩性 low compressibility 可塑~硬塑状态 plastic-hard plastic 泥质粉砂岩 Muddy Silty stone 流塑状态 flow plastic 粉砂质泥岩 Silty mudstone 局部软塑状态 partly soft plastic 泥岩 Mudstone 饱和saturated 强风化 high weathered 松散incompact 中等风化 medium weathered 轻微裂缝 slight defective pile 断桩 breakage of pile 桩⾝完整 pile of body integrity 缩颈 pile diameter reduction 缺陷 defect 压缩系数coefficient of compressibility 渗流seepage flow 内聚⼒（粘聚⼒） cohesion5. 钢结构钢结构 steel structure底漆 paint primer涂层 coating中间漆intermediate painting 油漆，涂料 paint⾯漆 finish coat流坠 hanging透底 disclosure皱⽪ wrinkle漏涂 miss painting返锈 rust again漆膜厚度 film thickness结构构件 structural member垂直⽀撑vertical bracing桁架 truss⼩⽴柱 postWA325钢格栅板 WA325 grating斜梁 stringer踏步板 treads钢梯 steel stairway踏步钢格板 grating for stair tread斜梯栏杆 guard rails不锈钢栏杆 stainless steel handrail预制场地 prefabrication area 平台栏杆 GR of platform原材料 raw material半成品 semi-finished goods除锈 remove rust, cleaning 切割 cutting喷砂 sand blasting打磨坡⼝ grinding型钢 section steel热轧⼯字钢hot-rolled I-beam steel热轧钢板 hot-rolled plates热轧不等边⾓钢hot-rolled unequal-legangle steel热轧等边⾓钢hot-rolled equal-legangle steel热轧H型钢hot-rolled H steel热轧槽钢hot-rolled channel steel ⽆缝钢管 seamless steel pipes扁钢 strap steel 不锈钢板 stainless steel plate垂直度 verticality分⽚组装be assembled by sections现场成框 framed at site焊缝 weld seam V型坡⼝V-type bevel焊缝⾼度 weld height焊枪 welding gun焊缝长度 weld length焊机 welding machine⽓焊 gas welding 焊炬 welding torch电焊 electric welding ⾃动和半⾃动电弧焊automatic andsemi-automatic welding ⼿⼯焊 hand welding对焊 butt welding 焊条weld rod, electrode ⾓焊缝 fillet 间断焊接 gap welding 咬边 undercut 针孔 pinhole 夹渣 slag裂纹 crack烧穿 burning out 漏焊 losing welding 弧坑 concavity 未焊透lack of fusion 打磨 grind⽕焰切割 torch cutting 喷砂除锈The sand blasting 机械钻孔drill by machine预拉⼒ prestressed ⾼强度⼤六⾓头螺栓Set of big hexagonalhigh-strength bolt 抗滑移系数Slide coefficient of faying surface 扭矩系数torsional moment coefficient终拧扭矩final torsional moment6. 荷载、强度、可靠度剪⼒shear 剪切变形shear deformation压⼒pressure 延伸率percentage of elongation 剪切模量shear modulus 拉⼒tension 应⼒stress 应变strain应⼒集中concentration of stress 应⼒松弛stress relaxation 应⼒图stress diagram 应⼒状态state of stress位移 displacement 弹性变形 elastic deformation 变形 deformation 塑性变形 plastic deformation 应变 strain 剪应变 shear strain 线应变 linear strain 主应变 principal strain 轴向⼒ normal force 主应⼒ principal stress 正应⼒ normal stress 预应⼒prestress应⼒应变曲线stress-strain curve 裂缝crack抗压强度compressive strength 抗弯强度bending strength 抗扭强度torsional strength 抗拉强度tensile strength 屈服yield屈服点yield point屈服荷载yield load 屈服极限limit of yielding 屈服强度yield strength 屈服强度下限lower limit of yield 荷载load横截⾯section, cross 承载⼒bearing capacity 承重结构bearing structure 弹性模量elastic modulus 塑性plasticity延性ductileity受弯构件member in bending轴向拉⼒axial tension受拉区tensile region可靠性reliability受压区compressive region粘结⼒cohesive force配筋率reinforcement ratio偏⼼受拉eccentric tension配箍率stirrup ratio偏⼼受压eccentric compression泊松⽐Poisson’s ratio偏⼼距eccentric distance跨度span疲劳强度fatigue strength跨⾼⽐span-to-depth ratio偏⼼荷载eccentric load设计限值 limiting design value截⾯宽度 breadth of section截⾯⾼度 height of section截⾯厚度 thickness of section截⾯直径 diameter of section截⾯⾯积 area of section截⾯周长 perimeter of section截⾯模量（抵抗矩） section modulus截⾯惯性矩 second moment of area截⾯极惯性矩polar second moment of area 截⾯回转半径 radius of gyration长细⽐slenderness ratio偏⼼矩 eccentricity偏⼼率 relative ecdentricity振动 vibration⾃振频率 natural frequency加速度 acceleration振周期natural period of vibration 频率 frequency振幅 amplitude of vibration⾃由度 degree of freedom振型 mode of vibration阻尼 damp共振 resonance强迫振动 forced vibration设计荷载design load挠度deflection设计强度design strength构造construction脆性破坏brittle failure延性破坏ductile failure可靠性 reliability适⽤性 serviceability安全性 safety耐久性 durability设计基准期 design reference period可靠概率 probability of survival可靠指标 reliability index失效概率 probability of failure概率设计法 probabilistic method极限状态设计法 limit states method容许应⼒设计法 permissible stressesmethod正常使⽤极限状态serviceability limitstates承载能⼒极限状态 ultimate limit states极限状态 limit states分项系数 partial safety factor体分布⼒ force per unit volume 作⽤ action⼒矩 moment of force线分布⼒ force per unit length永久作⽤ permanent action⾯分布⼒ force per unit area可变作⽤ variable action偶然作⽤ accidental action静态作⽤ static action固定作⽤ fixed adtion动态作⽤ dynamic action⾃重 self weight温度作⽤ temperature action施⼯荷载 site load地震作⽤ earthquake action⼟压⼒ earth pressure⽔压⼒ water pressure风荷载 wind load雪荷载 snow load风振 wind vibration吊车荷载crane load屋⾯活荷载floor live load浮⼒ buoyance浪压⼒（波浪⼒） wave pressure泥沙压⼒ silt pressute冰压⼒ ice pressure冻胀⼒ frost heave force静⽔压强 hydro-static pressure静⽔总压⼒total hydro-static pressure 动⽔压强 hydro-dynamic pressure压⼒⽔头 pressure head作⽤代表值 representative valueof an action作⽤准永久值quasi-permanent valueof an action作⽤标准值 characteristic valueof an action作⽤组合值combination value ofactions作⽤设计值 design value of anaction作⽤效应 effects of actions作⽤组合值系数coeffcient forcombination value ofactions作⽤效应系数coefficient of effectsof actions作⽤效应基本组合 fundamentalcombination foraction effects短期效应组合combination for short-term action effects作⽤效应偶然组合 accidentalcombination foraction effects长期效应组合combination for long-term action effects轴线axes标⾼elevation; datum mark坐标coordinate基准点，标⾼datum mark中⼼标⾼center elevation绝对标⾼absolute elevation相对标⾼relative elevation平⾯控制plane control⾼程控制elevation control⽔准点bench mark经纬仪transit坐标控制点coordinate control points ⽔准仪surveyor level测杆surveying rod 钢卷尺steel tape测距仪range finder7. ⼟建施⼯挖掘 excavate履带式推⼟机crawler dozer挖⼟机 excavator履带式起重机crawler crane反铲挖⼟机 back digger压路机 road roller挖沟机 trench digger翻⽃车 tipping skip铲运机 scraper⾃卸卡车 dumping truck洒⽔车 sprinkler回填 back fill⼟⽅⼯程 earth work蛙式打夯机 frog rammer钢筋切断机 bar cutter钢筋弯曲机 angle--bender基坑foundation pit双排竖管脚⼿架independent scaffold脚⼿架scaffold管⼦脚⼿架pipe scaffold 单排竖管脚⼿架putlog scaffold 满堂脚⼿架full framing ⽴杆 the standing pole 扫地杆 ground bars 横杆 ledger脚⼿板 scaffold board 防护栏 protective barrier,guard rail隔离剂 isolating agent扣件coupler旋转扣件swivel coupler ⼗字扣件double coupler 套筒扣件sleeve coupler 钢筋加⼯ rebar fabrication 铁丝 iron wire 钢筋连接rebar connection 绑扎lashing 搭接lap焊接 welding搭接接头 lap joint 焊接接头 welded joint 搭接焊lap welding 砂浆垫块mortar block制模，模板⼯程formwork 组合钢模板 combined steel formwork 模板form模板配板 formwork configuration 模板⽀设 formwork erection 安装偏差 installation deviation 模板接缝the formwork joint泵送混凝⼟pumping of concrete 混凝⼟中⼼搅拌站 centralized concretemixing plant 浇灌混凝⼟concrete pouring, depositing concrete,模板拆除 formwork removal 混凝⼟搅拌汽车concrete mixer truck混凝⼟搅拌concrete agitation 插⼊式振捣器 insertion type vibrator 振捣混凝⼟ vibrated concrete 平板振动器 plate vibrator 抹⼦，泥⼑ trowel 抹灰，抹光 toweling坍落度slump两组试块two sets of testing blocks 混凝⼟取样witness sampling of concrete混凝⼟施⼯缝处理treatment of concrete construction joint 初凝 initial set 终凝final set初凝时间 initial setting time 终凝时间final setting time 混凝⼟养护concrete curing 草垫 straw mattress回填back fill回填夯实backfill consolidation 1:2⽔泥砂浆20厚1:2 cenment mortarthickness 20mm 找平层leveling blacket 抹灰plastering抹平，找平screeding 抹灰底层rendering coat 抹光，压光trowel finish 灌缝；灌浆grout抹灰罩⾯层setting coat ⼆次灌浆post-grouting 填料filling 翼环plate ring套管pipe sleeve ⽯棉⽔泥asbestos cement 油⿇oil-- hemp 橡胶⽌⽔带rubber water stop 密封胶joint sealant 沥青涂层asphalt coating填缝板joint filler镀锌铁⽪galvanized iron sheet ure ;revetment80mmpile ompressibility area f vibration ssure ol pointsocks。
建筑结构常用词汇
建筑结构常用词汇：钢筋：reinforcing steel bar钢筋混凝土：reinforced concrete（RC）钢筋混凝土结构：reinforced concrete structure 板式楼梯：cranked slab stairs刚度：rigidity ,stiffness徐变：creep水泥：cement钢筋保护层：cover to reinforcement梁：beam柱：column板：slab ,plate剪力墙：shear wall基础：foundation剪力：shear剪切变形：shear deformation剪切模量：shear modulus拉力：tension压力：pressure延伸率：percentage of elongation位移：displacement应力：stress应变：strain应力集中：concentration of stresses应力松弛：stress relaxation应力图：stress diagram应力应变曲线：stress-strain curve应力状态：state of stress钢丝：steel wire箍筋：hoop reinforcement ,stirrup箍筋间距：stirrup spacing加载：loading抗压强度：compressive strength抗弯强度：bending strength抗扭强度：torsional strength抗拉强度：tensile strength裂缝：crack屈服：yield屈服点：yield point屈服荷载：yield load屈服极限：limit of yielding屈服强度：yield strength屈服强度下限：lower limit of yield荷载：load横截面：cross section承载力：bearing capacity承重结构：bearing structure弹性模量：elastic modulus预应力钢筋混凝土：prestressed reinforced concrete预应力钢筋：prestressed reinforcement预应力损失：loss of prestress预制板：precast slab现浇钢筋混凝土结构：cast-in-place reinforced concrete 双向配筋：two-way reinforcement主梁：main beam次梁：secondary beam ,joist beam弯矩：moment悬臂梁：cantilever beam延性：ductility受弯构件：member in bending受拉区：tensile region受压区：compressive region塑性：plasticity轴向压力：axial pressure轴向拉力：axial tension吊车梁：crane beam可靠性：reliability粘结力：cohesive force外力：external force弯起钢筋：bent-up bar弯曲破坏：bending failure屋架：roof truss素混凝土：non-reinforced concrete, plain concrete无梁楼盖：flat slab配筋率：reinforcement ratio配箍率：stirrup ratio泊松比：Poisson’s ratio偏心受拉：eccentric tension偏心受压：eccentric compression偏心距：eccentric distance偏心荷载：eccentric load疲劳强度：fatigue strength跨度：span跨高比：span-to-depth ratio跨中荷载：midspan load框架结构：frame structure集中荷载：concentrated load分布荷载：distribution load 分布钢筋：distribution steel 挠度：deflection设计荷载：design load设计强度：design strength构造：construction简支梁：simple beam截面面积：area of section浇注：pouring浇注混凝土：concreting钢筋搭接：bar splicing刚架：rigid frame脆性：brittleness脆性破坏：brittle failure。
建筑专业土木工程词汇和术语中英文对照
建筑专业笔记整理大全-结构工程常用词汇-土木工程常用英语术语结构工程常用词汇混凝土：concrete钢筋：reinforcing steel bar钢筋混凝土：reinforced concrete（RC）钢筋混凝土结构：reinforced concrete structure板式楼梯：cranked slab stairs刚度：rigidity徐变：creep水泥：cement钢筋保护层：cover to reinforcement梁：beam柱：column板：slab剪力墙：shear wall基础：foundation剪力：shear剪切变形：shear deformation剪切模量：shear modulus拉力：tension压力：pressure延伸率：percentage of elongation位移：displacement应力：stress应变：strain应力集中：concentration of stresses应力松弛：stress relaxation应力图：stress diagram应力应变曲线：stress-strain curve应力状态：state of stress钢丝：steel wire箍筋：hoop reinforcement箍筋间距：stirrup spacing加载：loading抗压强度：compressive strength抗弯强度：bending strength抗扭强度：torsional strength抗拉强度：tensile strength裂缝：crack屈服：yield屈服点：yield point屈服荷载：yield load屈服极限：limit of yielding屈服强度：yield strength屈服强度下限：lower limit of yield荷载：load横截面：cross section承载力：bearing capacity承重结构：bearing structure弹性模量：elastic modulus预应力钢筋混凝土：prestressed reinforced concrete预应力钢筋：prestressed reinforcement预应力损失：loss of prestress预制板：precast slab现浇钢筋混凝土结构：cast-in-place reinforced concrete 双向配筋：two-way reinforcement主梁：main beam次梁：secondary beam弯矩：moment悬臂梁：cantilever beam延性：ductileity受弯构件：member in bending受拉区：tensile region受压区：compressive region塑性：plasticity轴向压力：axial pressure轴向拉力：axial tension吊车梁：crane beam可靠性：reliability粘结力：cohesive force外力：external force弯起钢筋：bent-up bar弯曲破坏：bending failure屋架：roof truss素混凝土：non-reinforced concrete无梁楼盖：flat slab配筋率：reinforcement ratio配箍率：stirrup ratio泊松比：Poisson’s ratio偏心受拉：eccentric tension偏心受压：eccentric compression偏心距：eccentric distance疲劳强度：fatigue strength偏心荷载：eccentric load跨度：span跨高比：span-to-depth ratio跨中荷载：midspan load框架结构：frame structure集中荷载：concentrated load分布荷载：distribution load分布钢筋：distribution steel挠度：deflection设计荷载：design load设计强度：design strength构造：construction简支梁：simple beam截面面积：area of section浇注：pouring浇注混凝土：concreting钢筋搭接：bar splicing刚架：rigid frame脆性：brittleness脆性破坏：brittle failure土木工程常用英语术语第一节一般术语1. 工程结构building and civil engineering structures房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称。
打印工程合同常用词汇
打印工程合同常用词汇一、合同基本条款在打印工程合同中，基本条款是构建合同框架的基础，包括但不限于以下词汇：- 甲方（委托方）与乙方（承包方）：明确指出合同双方的名称及其在合同中的角色。
- 合同编号：用于唯一标识该份合同，便于管理和索引。
- 签订日期：记录合同正式生效的时间点。
- 工程地点：具体描述工程项目实施的地理位置。
- 工程内容：详细阐述工程项目的范围、目标及要求。
- 合同金额：约定的工程总价款。
- 工期：规定工程开始至竣工的时间表。
二、技术规格与要求此部分涉及工程的具体技术细节，关键词汇包括：- 技术标准：符合国家或行业规定的技术规范。
- 材料规格：对工程所需材料的种类、型号、性能等进行详细说明。
- 施工方法：描述施工过程中应采用的技术和方法。
- 质量要求：对工程质量的期望标准和验收标准进行界定。
三、权利与义务明确双方的权利和义务是维护合同公正性的关键，常用词汇有：- 保证义务：如质量保证、进度保证等，双方需遵守的承诺。
- 配合义务：双方在工程实施过程中需相互配合的事项。
- 变更与调整：工程过程中可能出现的变更事项及相应的处理办法。
- 违约责任：一方不履行约定义务时，应承担的责任。
四、付款方式与条件财务条款是合同中极为重要的部分，涉及以下词汇：- 付款计划：详细的款项支付时间表和比例。
- 预付款：工程开始前甲方需支付的启动资金。
- 进度款：根据工程进度支付的款项。
- 结算方式：工程完成后的最终款项结算方法。
五、争议解决任何合同都可能面临争议，因此需要设定争议解决机制，相关词汇包括：- 协商解决：首选的争议解决方式，通过双方友好协商达成一致。
- 仲裁或诉讼：协商不成时，可采用的法律途径。
- 适用法律：指明适用于合同解释和执行的国家或地区法律。
六、其他条款除了上述主要内容，还有一些辅助性的条款需要注意，例如：- 保密协议：对敏感信息的保护措施。
- 附加协议：对合同未尽事宜的补充说明或约定。
- 终止条件：合同在某些特定情况下可以提前终止的条件。
工程辞汇大全打印版
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方
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造商
主 谋 术参谋 户 终用户
户
理商
subcontractor dicrect hire
二 licenser sub-licenser licensee patent owner competitor consertium collaberator 〔1〕buyer 〔2〕purchaser seller vender (1)maker (2)manufacturer owner consultant technical adviser user end user 〔1〕customer 〔2〕client agent
平面布置图
术 术说明
technical technical specification
总图
议书
proposal book
附件
料费
information price
资料，文件
价 价 价书
estimated price quoted price quotation
合同技术用语 保证 性能保证
价资料
Quotation document 时间保证
total investment cost
working capital
fixed capital cost
total capital cost
depreciation
cash flow
Discount cash flow
case study
equity
立资本利息
务范围 场勘测 艺设计 底设计 底设计包 细设计 购 运 运 装 建工作 工 时工作 料试车 训 现场〕指导 谋 步设计 终设计 底设施 部构造
结构建筑专业术语
1. 编制目的为向本公司建筑、结构专业在编制设计文件时提供方便，特编制本文件。
2. 适应范围本英文词汇可在本公司编制的建筑、结构专业设计文件中使用。
3. 注意事项本英文词汇仅限于建筑、结构专业用词，其他相关专业用词及普通用词未包括在内。
4. 建筑、结构专业常用英文词汇4.1 总体设计General design设计依据Design basis建筑红线Building line建筑系数Coefficient of building occupation界区Battery limited有效面积Effective area使用面积Usable area结构面积Structural area建筑面积Building area建筑面积密度Density of building areaJ-A2-96第 2 页共 46 页竖向布置Vertical planning高程Altitude等高线Contour line相对标高Relative elevation绝对标高Absolute altitude地震基本烈度Basic earthquake intensity抗震设防烈度Fortification intensity风玫瑰Wind rose建筑朝向Building orientation建筑间距Building distance公顷Hectare指北针North arrow测北Geophical north建北Plant north气象MeteorologyJ-A2-96第 3 页共 46 页日照Sunshine天然采光Natural lighting人工照明Artificant light; artifical illumination照度Degree of illumination通风Ventilation正压通风Positive ventilating噪声Noise隔声Sound insulation吸声Sound absorption保温隔热Heat insulation露点Dewpoint冷桥Cold-bridge遮阳Sunshade恒温恒湿Constant temperature & constant humidity消声Noise elimination; noise redxuctionJ-A2-96第 4 页共 46 页防振antivibration4.2 建筑一般词汇Conventional terms of architeture方案Scheme; draft草图Sketch透视图Perspective drawing建筑构图Architectural composition坐标Coordinvate纵坐标Ordinate横坐标Abscissa跨度Span开关Bay进深Depth层高Floor height净高Clear height; headroom横数Module; modulus裙房J-A2-96第 5 页共 46 页Skirt building楼梯Staxlir梯段Stair slab楼梯平台Stair landing安全出口Safety exit疏散楼梯Escape staircase楼梯间Stair well封闭楼梯间Enclosure staircase防烟楼梯间Smoke prevention stair well消防电梯间Emergency elevators well自动扶梯Escalator中庭Atrium疏散走道Escape corridor; escapeway耐火等级Fire-resistive grade生产类别Classification of production耐火极限Duration of fire-resistanceJ-A2-96第 6 页共 46 页防火间距File-break distance泄压面积Area of pressure release闷顶Mezanine; mezzanine砖标号Grade of brick; strenth of brick承重墙Bearing wall非承重墙Non-bearing wall挡土墙Retaining wall填充墙Filler wall围护墙Curtain wall; cladding wall; enclosure wall女儿墙Parapet wall隔墙Partition（浴室、厕所）隔断Stall窗间墙Pier墙垛Pillar过梁Lintel圈梁J-A2-96第 7 页共 46 页Gird; girt; girth防潮层Damp-proof course勒脚Plinth横梁Transverse wall纵横Longitudinal wall山墙Gable; gable wall防火墙Fire wall压顶Coping勾缝Pointing砖砌平拱Brick flat arch预埋件Embeded inserts直抓梯Ladder栏杆Railing防腐蚀Corrosion resistant; Anticorrosion化学溶蚀Chemical erosion膨胀腐蚀Expansion corrosionJ-A2-96第 8 页共 46 页化学腐蚀Chemical corrosion电化学腐蚀Electro-chemical corrosion晶间腐蚀Intergranular corrosion气相腐蚀Gaseous corrosion液相腐蚀Liguidoid corrosion固相腐蚀Solid corrosion腐蚀裕度Allowance for corrosion锈蚀Nusting4.3 建筑材料Building materials级配砂石Graded sand & gravel素土夯实Rammed earth灰土Lime-soil素混凝土Plain concrete钢筋混凝土Reinforced concrete(R.C)细石混凝土Fine aggregate concrete轻质混凝土J-A2-96第 9 页共 46 页Lightweight concrete加气混凝土Aerocrete; Aerocrete concrete陶粒混凝土Ceramsite concrete水泥膨胀珍珠岩Cement & expended pearlite岩棉Mineral wool; mine wool沥青Saphalt卷材Felt玛蹄脂Asphalt mastic粘土砖Clay brick釉面砖Porcelain enamel brick空心砖Hollow brick砌块Block缸砖guarry brick锦砖mosac地面砖paving brick防滑地砖non-slip brickJ-A2-96第 10 页共 46 页耐酸砖（板）acidbrick (acidtile)胶泥mastic粘土瓦Cloy tile玻璃瓦enamelled tile波形镀锌钢板galvanijed corrugate steel sheet玻璃钢瓦glass-fiber reinforced plastic tile彩色压型钢（铅）板coloured corrugate steel (aluminium) plat;profiuing coloured stccl (aluminium) plat石棉水泥瓦ashestos-cement sheet水磨石terrajjo水刷石granite plaster花岗石granite磨光花岗石polished granite剁斧石artificial stone大理石marble水泥砂浆抹面cement plaster石灰砂浆抹面line plaster水泥石灰砂浆抹面cement-lime plaster刀灰打底hemp-cut and line as base 原木Log方木sguare timber板材plank胶合板plywood三夹板3plywood五夹板5plywood平板玻璃plate glass浮法玻璃float-process glass磨砂玻璃ground glass; frosted glass 起玻璃pnism glass夹丝玻璃Wire glass夹层玻璃sandwich glass中空玻璃hollow glass钢化玻璃reinforced glass镀膜玻璃coating glass有机玻璃organic glass4.4 建筑构造及配件Building construction & component铺砌psving地坪gradc基层bedding素土夯实rammed earth垫层base结合层bonding course面层Covering隔离层Mnsulation course活动地板raising floor; movable floor; access floor篦子板grating地面提示块ground prompt遮阳板sunshade窗套Window moulding护角curb guard防水层water-proof course找平层Leveling course隔热层heat insulation course保温层rhermal insulation course 柃条purlin天窗skylight天棚ceiling吊顶suspending ceiling吊顶花骨ceiling joist雨水口drain gulley水斗Lead head雨水管Leader; downspout天沟Valley挑檐overhanging eawe檐口eave泛水flashing分水线water-sted檐沟eave gutter汇水面积catchment area雨罩canopy散水apron坡道ramp台阶entrance steps保温门thermal insulation door隔声门（窗）sound insulation door (window); acousticol door (window)防火门（窗）fire door (window)冷藏门freejer door安全门exit door防护门（窗）protection door (window)屏蔽门（窗）Shield door (window)防风砂门radiation resisting dooe (window) 密闭门（窗）weather tight door泄压门（窗）pressure release door (window) 壁柜门closet door变压器间门transformer room door围墙门gate车库门garage door保险门safe door引风门ventilation door检修门access door平开门（窗）side-hunge door推拉门（窗）sliding door弹簧门swing door折迭门folding door卷帘门ralling door转门revolving door夹板门palywood door拼板门FLB door (framed, Ledged and battened door); matchboard door实拼门solid door镶板门panel door镶玻璃门glajed door玻璃门glass door钢木门steel & wooden door百页门shutter door连窗门door with side window传递窗delivery window观察窗observation window换气窗vent sast上悬窗top-hung window中悬窗center-pivoted window下悬窗bottom-hung window立转窗vertically pivoted window 固定窗fixed window单层窗single window双层窗double window百页窗shutter带形窗continuous window子母扇窗attached sash window组合窗composite window落地窗french window玻璃幕墙glajed curtain wall门（窗）框door (window) fram拼樘料transon （横），mullin （竖）门（窗）扇door (window) leaf(平开窗扇casement sash)纱扇sereen sash亮子transom, fanlight门心板pancl披水板weather board贴脸板trim筒子板Lining窗台板sill plate防护铁栅barricade; iron grille; grating合页butts; hinges; butthinges执手knob撑档catch滑道sliding track插销bolt拉手pull推板push plate门锁mortice lork; door lock执手锁mortice lock with knob4.5 建筑结构Building structure4.5.1 荷载Load活荷载Live load静荷载，恒载Dead load静力荷载Static load移动荷载Mouing load动力荷载Dynamic load冲击荷载impact load附加荷载Superimposed规定荷载（又称标准荷载）Specified Load集中荷载Concentrated Load分布荷载Distributed Load设计荷载Design Load轴向荷载Axial Load偏心荷载Eccentric Load风荷载Wind Load风力、风压Wind force、Wind Pressure 雪荷载Snow Load屋面积灰荷载Roof ash Load（吊车）最大轮压Maximun Wheel Load吊车荷载Crane Load安装荷载Erection Load施工荷载Construc tion Load不对称荷载Unsymmetrical Loading重复荷载Repeated Load刚性荷载Rigid Load柔性荷载Flecxible Load临界荷载Critical Load容许荷载Admissible Load, Allowable Load safe Load 极限荷载Ultimatr Load条形荷载Strip Load破坏荷载Failure Load, Load ot failure地震荷载Seismic Load; Earthquake load荷载组合Conbination of load4.5.2 地基和基础Soil and foundation地基(Bed)soil天然地基Natulal ground人工地基Artigicial ground混凝土基础Concrete foundation; Concrete footing毛石基础Rubble masonry footing;(Rubble)stone footing砖基础Brickwolk footing桩基础Pile foundation设备基础Egiuipment foundation机器基础Machine foundation独立基础Indioidual footing, Isolatrd foundation Pad foundation联合基础Combined footing大块式基础Massiue foundation条形基础Strip foundation; Strip footingStrap footing; CBntinuousfooting方形基础Sguale footing杯形基础Footing socket板式基础Slab-foundation; Mat footing阶梯形基础Stepped foundation; Benched foundation (Stepped footing)扩展基础spread footing扩底基础Under-reamed foundation浮伐基地Raft foundation; Buoyant foandationFloating foundation沉箱（井）基础Caisson foundation构架式基础Frame foundalion深基础Decp foundation基础Footing Foundation基槽Foundation ditch; Foundation trench 基坑Foundation pit基础板Foundation slab基础梁Foundation beam Footing beam基础底面Foundalion baic基础底板Foundation mat基础垫层Foundation-bed基础埋置深度Depth of embedment foundation地下连续墙Undelground continuous wall打桩Pile driving打桩机Pile engine; Pile driver; Ram mactuine钢桩Steel pile水桩Wood pile; Timber pilc钢筋混凝土桩Reinforced concerete pile砂桩Sand pile石灰桩Linle pile; Lime column; Quickime pile 单桩Single pile群桩Pile gronp; Pile cluster斜桩Batter pile预制桩precalt pile灌注桩In-situ pile; Cast-in-plale pileCast-in-situ pile; Fiuing pile板桩shect pile拆密桩Compaction pile挤密砂桩Sand compaction pile灰土挤密桩Line-soil compaction pile钻孔桩Bored pile打入桩Driuen pile摩擦桩Friction pile; Buoyant pile端承桩End bearing pile; Point pearing pile; Column pile (柱桩）支承桩Bearing pile抗拔桩Tension pile; Uplift pile;抗滑桩Anti-slicle pile桩承台Pile cap桩帽Pile cap; {ile couel桩头Pile cyown; pile heat桩端Pile tip桩身Pile shaft桩距Pile spacing桩钢筋笼Pile cape试桩Test pile桩荷载试验Pile coad teet桩的动荷载试验Dynamic load telt of pile桩的侧向荷载试验Lateral pile load telt桩的极限荷载Ultimatl ple load桩承载能力Pile capacity; Bearing capacity of a pile Carrying capacity of a pile土压力Earth pressure主动土压力Actiue earth pressure被动土压力Passiue earth pressune静止土压力Earth pressule ot reat容许地耐力Allouable bearing strength冰冻深度Frozen depth; Frost depth;Frost penetration depth of frost penetralion 防冻深度Frost-prdof depth粘土类土Clayey soil轻亚粘土Sandy loam亚粘土Sandy clay; Loam砂质土Sandy soil砂砾石Sandy grauel stratum膨胀土Expansiue soil硬质土，硬盘岩，硬土层Hard pan液限Liguid limit塑限Plastic limit塑料指数Index of plasticity松软土Mellow soil; spongy soil回填土Balk fill Refilling杂填土Mislellaneous fill地表水Surfale water;地下水Groundwatcr地下水位Groundwater eltualion; Groundwater level; Groundwater table 容重Unit weight干容重Dry unit weight湿容重Wet unit welght饱和容重Saturated unit weight不均匀沉降Unegual settelment;Differential settlement地基处理Ground treatment地基加固Ground stabilization; soil improuement 土质查勘Soil exploration地质勘察Geological exploration沉陷Settlement倾斜obliguity; Inclination滑移Sliding夯实土Compacted soil夯实填土Compacted fill夯实回填土Tamped backfill夯实分层厚度Compacted lift持力层Bearing stratum; Supporting; Course管道与基础相碰Pipelinge interferes with foundation 4.5.3 一般结构用语Terms for general structures建筑结构Builcling structure建筑物Building结构形式Strudural type混凝土（砼）结构Concrete structure砌体结构Masonry structure砖砌结构Brick constructure石砌结构Stone structure砖砼结构Brickand concrete structure钢结构Strrl structure结构型钢Shape steel木结构Timber structure组合结构Composite structure框架结构Frame struc ture梁板结构Beam and slab structure 构件Member承重构件Load-braring member 结构构件Struvture member肋形屋盖Ribbed roof肋形楼板Ribbed floor slab无梁楼板Flat plate; Flaf slab桁架；屋架Truss; Roof truss三角形屋（桁）架Triangular truss梯形屋（桁）架Trapezoidal truss拱形屋架Arch roof truss折线形屋架Segmental roof truss弓形桁架Bowstring truss框架Frame排架Bent frame刚架Rigid frame门架Portal frame抗风构架Wind frame抗震构架Aseismic frame梁Beam; Girder大梁Girdec主梁Principal beam; Primary beam 次梁Secondary beam加腋梁Haunched beam筒支梁Simply beam固端梁Fixed beam悬臂梁Cantileuel beam连续梁Continuous beam托梁Spandrel圈梁girth过梁Lintel曲梁Curued beam bow beam 基础梁Foundation beam吊车梁Crane girderT形梁T-beam柱Column组合柱Combination column立柱Post吊车柱Crane column抗风柱End panel column墙wall板slab plate承重墙Bearing walls柱网Column grid支撑系统Brale system柱间支撑Portal bracing betwlen columns 屋石支撑Roof bracing垂直支撑Uertical bracing水平支撑Horizontal bracing剪刀撑Cross bracing临时顶撑,支撑Shoring桁架式支撑Trussed braling斜撑Knel-brale上弦Tot chord下弦Bottom chord节间Panel节点Panel point压杆Compression member; strut拉杆Tension member; Tie-beam腹杆Web member斜杆Diagonal member斜腹杆Diagonal web member吊杆Hangel rod; sag rod系杆，拉杆Tie bar; sag rod天窗架Skylight frame天窗Monitor; Skylight托座、牛腿Bracket檀条Purlin连接Connection接点Joint铰接点Hinged point固接点Fixed Joint安装接点Erection joint拼接接点Splile joint节点板、连接板Gusset plate; Connecting plate加劲板Stiffener plate支撑板Bearing plate填隙板Filler plate梁柱接头Beam-column connections截面Cross seltion拱Arch壳Shell伸缩缝Expansion joint沉降缝Settlement joint施工缝Construction joint防震缝Aseismic joint4.5.4 结构理论用语Terms for theory of slructures a) 设计方法术语Terms for design method结构设计Structure design按极限强度设计Ultimate strength desthn按许可应力设计Working stress design按承载能力设计Loading capacity design按稳定性设计Design accqrding to stabilitg按变形设计Design according to deformation 结构分析Structurat analysis结构计算Stractural calcuiation静定结构Statically determinate struvtures 超静定结构Statixally indeterminste strultures 精确计算Rigorous calculation近似计算Approximate calculation安全等级Safety classes极限状态Limite states摩擦系数Coeficient of friction质量密度Mass density]重力密度Weight (Force) densityb) 结构的作用效应术语轴向力Normal fqrce剪力Shcar forle弯矩Bending moment扭矩Torque水平推力Horizontal thrust水平拉力Horizontal pull水平（垂直）分力Horizontal (uertical) componente 合力Resultant正应力Normal stress剪应力Shear stress主应力Principal stress次应力Secondary stress预应力Prestress位移Displacement挠度Deflextion变形Deformation弯曲Bending; Flexure扭转Torsionc) 材料性能、结构抗力术语Terms of property of material and resistamle of structure 抗力Resistancc抵抗力矩Resistante moment强度Strength刚度Stiffness; Rigidity抗裂度Crack resistance抗压强度Cpmpressiue strength抗拉强度Tensile strength抗剪强度Shear strength抗变强度Flcxural strength抗扭强度Torsional strength抗裂强度Cracking strength屈服强度Yield strength疲劳强度Fatigue strength弹性模量Modulus of elasticith剪切模量Shear modulus变形模量Modulus of deformation稳定性Stabilith泊松比Poisson ratiod) 几何参数术语Terma of geometry parameter 截面高度Height of section截面有效高度Effective depth of section载面宽度Breadth of section截面厚度Thickness of section截面面积Area of section截面面积矩First moment of area截面惯性矩Second moment of area截面抵抗矩模量规范中用词Section modulus回转半径Radius of gyration偏心距Zclentrility长度Length跨度Span矢高Rvse长细比Slenderness ratio4.5.5 砖石结构Masonry construction砖砌体Brickwork砌筑Laying砖标号Grade of brick; Strength of brick 毛石砌体Rubble masonry毛石砼砌体Grouted rubble masonry水泥砂浆Cement mortar石灰砂浆Lime mortar水泥石灰砂浆ement-lime mirtar砂浆找平Mortar levelling4.5.6 钢筋砼结构Reinforled concrete structuve素混凝土Plain comcre te钢筋混凝土Reinforcld concrete预应力砼Prestressed concrete砼标号Gracle of cincrete钢号Grade of steel整体式结构Monolthic structure装配式结构Assembled structure预制构件Precast element; Fabricated element 现浇Cast-in-site; Placed-in-site浇灌砼Concreting; Costion; Pouring; Placing 一次浇灌At one pouring分二次浇灌Poures in two operatios二次灌浆Final grouting钢筋保护层Relnforlement protectiue couer模板Formwork; shuttering拆模Form stripping预埋件Embedded inserts预留槽（洞）Grooue(Hole) to be prouided垫层Bedding course找平层Leuelling course; Trowelling course 4.5.7 配筋Reinforlement配筋率Percentage of reinforlement主筋Main reinforlement分布筋Distributing reinforlement腹筋Web reinforlement开口箍筋U-stirrups闭口箍筋Closed stirrups环筋Hoops弯起钢筋Bent-up bar附加钢筋Additional reinforlement搭接接头Lapped splile焊接接头Welded splile钢筋间距Spacing of reinforcement 吊筋Suspender双向配筋Two-way reinforced螺旋筋Spiral bar温度筋Temperature reinfovcement 锚固长度Anchor length埋入长度Built-in length螺孔直径Diameter of bolt hole螺孔中心线Center line of bolt hole锚栓、地脚螺栓Anchor bolt基础螺栓Foundation bolt安装螺栓Erection bolt普通螺栓Common bolt高强螺栓High strenth bolt4.5.8 焊接Welding电弧焊Electric arc welding气焊，氧—乙炔焊Gas welding; oxy-acetylene welding 焊条Welding electrode; Welding-rod手工焊Manual welding自动焊Automatic welding车间焊接Shop-welding现场焊接（工地焊接）Field-welded满焊Full weld搭接焊Lap weld贴角焊Fillet weld点焊Spot weld对接焊Butl weld仰焊Overhead weld双面贴角焊Flat fillet weld in front ard back 连续贴角焊Cmtinuous fillet weld间断贴角焊Intermittent fillet weld安装焊缝Erection weld单V形对接焊Single V butt weld双V形对接焊Double V butt weld4.5.9 特种结构Special structures水塔Water tower高烟筒Tall chimney冷却水塔Cooling tower油罐Oil tank蓄水池Water resreuoir管廊Pipe rack管架Pipe support球罐Sphericat tank 裂解炉cracking furnace 起重机、吊车Crane; Hoist。
(整理)结构建筑专业术语
1. 编制目的为向本公司建筑、结构专业在编制设计文件时提供方便，特编制本文件。
2. 适应范围本英文词汇可在本公司编制的建筑、结构专业设计文件中使用。
3. 注意事项本英文词汇仅限于建筑、结构专业用词，其他相关专业用词及普通用词未包括在内。
4. 建筑、结构专业常用英文词汇4.1 总体设计General design设计依据Design basis建筑红线Building line建筑系数Coefficient of building occupation界区Battery limited有效面积Effective area使用面积Usable area结构面积Structural area建筑面积Building area建筑面积密度Density of building area竖向布置Vertical planning高程Altitude等高线Contour line相对标高Relative elevation绝对标高Absolute altitude地震基本烈度Basic earthquake intensity 抗震设防烈度Fortification intensity风玫瑰Wind rose建筑朝向Building orientation建筑间距Building distance公顷Hectare指北针North arrow测北Geophical north建北Plant north气象Meteorology日照Sunshine天然采光Natural lighting人工照明Artificant light; artifical illumination照度Degree of illumination通风Ventilation正压通风Positive ventilating噪声Noise隔声Sound insulation吸声Sound absorption保温隔热Heat insulation露点Dewpoint冷桥Cold-bridge遮阳Sunshade恒温恒湿Constant temperature & constant humidity 消声Noise elimination; noise redxuction防振antivibration4.2 建筑一般词汇Conventional terms of architeture方案Scheme; draft草图Sketch透视图Perspective drawing建筑构图Architectural composition 坐标Coordinvate纵坐标Ordinate横坐标Abscissa跨度Span开关Bay进深Depth层高Floor height净高Clear height; headroom 横数Module; modulus裙房Skirt building楼梯Staxlir梯段Stair slabStair landing安全出口Safety exit疏散楼梯Escape staircase楼梯间Stair well封闭楼梯间Enclosure staircase防烟楼梯间Smoke prevention stair well 消防电梯间Emergency elevators well 自动扶梯Escalator中庭Atrium疏散走道Escape corridor; escapeway 耐火等级Fire-resistive grade生产类别Classification of production 耐火极限Duration of fire-resistance 防火间距File-break distance泄压面积Area of pressure release闷顶Mezanine; mezzanineGrade of brick; strenth of brick承重墙Bearing wall非承重墙Non-bearing wall挡土墙Retaining wall填充墙Filler wall围护墙Curtain wall; cladding wall; enclosure wall 女儿墙Parapet wall隔墙Partition（浴室、厕所）隔断Stall窗间墙Pier墙垛Pillar过梁Lintel圈梁Gird; girt; girth防潮层Damp-proof course勒脚Plinth横梁Transverse wallLongitudinal wall山墙Gable; gable wall防火墙Fire wall压顶Coping勾缝Pointing砖砌平拱Brick flat arch预埋件Embeded inserts直抓梯Ladder栏杆Railing防腐蚀Corrosion resistant; Anticorrosion 化学溶蚀Chemical erosion膨胀腐蚀Expansion corrosion化学腐蚀Chemical corrosion电化学腐蚀Electro-chemical corrosion晶间腐蚀Intergranular corrosion气相腐蚀Gaseous corrosion液相腐蚀Liguidoid corrosion固相腐蚀Solid corrosion腐蚀裕度Allowance for corrosion锈蚀Nusting4.3 建筑材料Building materials级配砂石Graded sand & gravel素土夯实Rammed earth灰土Lime-soil素混凝土Plain concrete钢筋混凝土Reinforced concrete(R.C)细石混凝土Fine aggregate concrete轻质混凝土Lightweight concrete加气混凝土Aerocrete; Aerocrete concrete 陶粒混凝土Ceramsite concrete水泥膨胀珍珠岩Cement & expended pearlite 岩棉Mineral wool; mine wool沥青Saphalt卷材Felt玛蹄脂Asphalt mastic粘土砖Clay brick釉面砖Porcelain enamel brick空心砖Hollow brick砌块Block缸砖guarry brick锦砖mosac地面砖paving brick防滑地砖non-slip brick耐酸砖（板）acidbrick (acidtile)胶泥mastic粘土瓦Cloy tile玻璃瓦enamelled tile波形镀锌钢板galvanijed corrugate steel sheet玻璃钢瓦glass-fiber reinforced plastic tile彩色压型钢（铅）板coloured corrugate steel (aluminium) plat; profiuing coloured stccl (aluminium) plat 石棉水泥瓦ashestos-cement sheet水磨石terrajjo水刷石granite plaster花岗石granite磨光花岗石polished granite剁斧石artificial stone大理石marble水泥砂浆抹面cement plaster石灰砂浆抹面line plaster水泥石灰砂浆抹面cement-lime plaster刀灰打底hemp-cut and line as base原木Log方木sguare timber板材胶合板plywood三夹板3plywood五夹板5plywood平板玻璃plate glass浮法玻璃float-process glass磨砂玻璃ground glass; frosted glass起玻璃pnism glass夹丝玻璃Wire glass夹层玻璃sandwich glass中空玻璃hollow glass钢化玻璃reinforced glass镀膜玻璃coating glass有机玻璃organic glass4.4 建筑构造及配件Building construction & component 铺砌gradc基层bedding素土夯实rammed earth垫层base结合层bonding course面层Covering隔离层Mnsulation course活动地板raising floor; movable floor; access floor篦子板grating地面提示块ground prompt遮阳板sunshade窗套Window moulding护角curb guard防水层water-proof course找平层Leveling courseheat insulation course保温层rhermal insulation course 柃条purlin天窗skylight天棚ceiling吊顶suspending ceiling吊顶花骨ceiling joist雨水口drain gulley水斗Lead head雨水管Leader; downspout天沟Valley挑檐overhanging eawe檐口eave泛水flashing分水线water-sted檐沟catchment area雨罩canopy散水apron坡道ramp台阶entrance steps保温门thermal insulation door隔声门（窗）sound insulation door (window); acousticol door (window)防火门（窗）fire door (window)冷藏门freejer door安全门exit door防护门（窗）protection door (window)屏蔽门（窗）Shield door (window)防风砂门radiation resisting dooe (window) 密闭门（窗）weather tight door泄压门（窗）pressure release door (window)变压器间门transformer room door围墙门gate车库门garage door保险门safe door引风门ventilation door检修门access door平开门（窗）side-hunge door推拉门（窗）sliding door弹簧门swing door折迭门folding door卷帘门ralling door转门revolving door夹板门palywood door拼板门FLB door (framed, Ledged and battened door); matchboard door镶板门panel door镶玻璃门glajed door玻璃门glass door钢木门steel & wooden door百页门shutter door连窗门door with side window传递窗delivery window观察窗observation window换气窗vent sast上悬窗top-hung window中悬窗center-pivoted window下悬窗bottom-hung window立转窗vertically pivoted window 固定窗fixed window单层窗single windowdouble window百页窗shutter带形窗continuous window子母扇窗attached sash window组合窗composite window落地窗french window玻璃幕墙glajed curtain wall门（窗）框door (window) fram拼樘料transon （横），mullin （竖）门（窗）扇door (window) leaf(平开窗扇casement sash)纱扇sereen sash亮子transom, fanlight门心板pancl披水板weather board贴脸板trimLining窗台板sill plate防护铁栅barricade; iron grille; grating 合页butts; hinges; butthinges执手knob撑档catch滑道sliding track插销bolt拉手pull推板push plate门锁mortice lork; door lock执手锁mortice lock with knob4.5 建筑结构Building structure4.5.1 荷载Load活荷载Live load静荷载，恒载Dead load静力荷载Mouing load动力荷载Dynamic load冲击荷载impact load附加荷载Superimposed规定荷载（又称标准荷载）Specified Load集中荷载Concentrated Load分布荷载Distributed Load设计荷载Design Load轴向荷载Axial Load偏心荷载Eccentric Load风荷载Wind Load风力、风压Wind force、Wind Pressure 雪荷载Snow Load屋面积灰荷载Roof ash Load（吊车）最大轮压Maximun Wheel Load吊车荷载Erection Load施工荷载Construc tion Load不对称荷载Unsymmetrical Loading重复荷载Repeated Load刚性荷载Rigid Load柔性荷载Flecxible Load临界荷载Critical Load容许荷载Admissible Load, Allowable Load safe Load 极限荷载Ultimatr Load条形荷载Strip Load破坏荷载Failure Load, Load ot failure地震荷载Seismic Load; Earthquake load荷载组合Conbination of load4.5.2 地基和基础Soil and foundation地基(Bed)soilNatulal ground人工地基Artigicial ground混凝土基础Concrete foundation; Concrete footing 毛石基础Rubble masonry footing; (Rubble)stone footing砖基础Brickwolk footing桩基础Pile foundation设备基础Egiuipment foundation机器基础Machine foundation独立基础Indioidual footing, Isolatrd foundation Pad foundation联合基础Combined footing大块式基础Massiue foundation条形基础Strip foundation; Strip footingStrap footing; CBntinuousfooting方形基础Sguale footing杯形基础Footing socket板式基础阶梯形基础Stepped foundation; Benched foundation (Stepped footing)扩展基础spread footing扩底基础Under-reamed foundation浮伐基地Raft foundation; Buoyant foandation Floating foundation沉箱（井）基础Caisson foundation构架式基础Frame foundalion深基础Decp foundation基础Footing Foundation基槽Foundation ditch; Foundation trench基坑Foundation pit基础板Foundation slab基础梁Foundation beam Footing beam基础底面Foundalion baic基础底板Foundation mat基础垫层基础埋置深度Depth of embedment foundation地下连续墙Undelground continuous wall打桩Pile driving打桩机Pile engine; Pile driver; Ram mactuine 钢桩Steel pile水桩Wood pile; Timber pilc钢筋混凝土桩Reinforced concerete pile砂桩Sand pile石灰桩Linle pile; Lime column; Quickime pile 单桩Single pile群桩Pile gronp; Pile cluster斜桩Batter pile预制桩precalt pile灌注桩In-situ pile; Cast-in-plale pileCast-in-situ pile; Fiuing pile板桩shect pileCompaction pile挤密砂桩Sand compaction pile灰土挤密桩Line-soil compaction pile钻孔桩Bored pile打入桩Driuen pile摩擦桩Friction pile; Buoyant pile端承桩End bearing pile; Point pearing pile; Column pile (柱桩）支承桩Bearing pile抗拔桩Tension pile; Uplift pile;抗滑桩Anti-slicle pile桩承台Pile cap桩帽Pile cap; {ile couel桩头Pile cyown; pile heat桩端Pile tip桩身Pile shaft桩距Pile cape试桩Test pile桩荷载试验Pile coad teet桩的动荷载试验Dynamic load telt of pile桩的侧向荷载试验Lateral pile load telt桩的极限荷载Ultimatl ple load桩承载能力Pile capacity; Bearing capacity of a pile Carrying capacity of a pile土压力Earth pressure主动土压力Actiue earth pressure被动土压力Passiue earth pressune静止土压力Earth pressule ot reat容许地耐力Allouable bearing strength冰冻深度Frozen depth; Frost depth;Frost penetration depth of frost penetralion 防冻深度Frost-prdof depth粘土类土Sandy loam亚粘土Sandy clay; Loam砂质土Sandy soil砂砾石Sandy grauel stratum膨胀土Expansiue soil硬质土，硬盘岩，硬土层Hard pan液限Liguid limit塑限Plastic limit塑料指数Index of plasticity松软土Mellow soil; spongy soil 回填土Balk fill Refilling杂填土Mislellaneous fill地表水Surfale water;地下水Groundwatcr地下水位Groundwater eltualion;容重Unit weight干容重Dry unit weight湿容重Wet unit welght饱和容重Saturated unit weight不均匀沉降Unegual settelment;Differential settlement地基处理Ground treatment地基加固Ground stabilization; soil improuement 土质查勘Soil exploration地质勘察Geological exploration沉陷Settlement倾斜obliguity; Inclination滑移Sliding夯实土Compacted soil夯实填土Compacted fill夯实回填土Tamped backfillCompacted lift持力层Bearing stratum; Supporting; Course 管道与基础相碰Pipelinge interferes with foundation 4.5.3 一般结构用语Terms for general structures建筑结构Builcling structure建筑物Building结构形式Strudural type混凝土（砼）结构Concrete structure砌体结构Masonry structure砖砌结构Brick constructure石砌结构Stone structure砖砼结构Brickand concrete structure钢结构Strrl structure结构型钢Shape steel木结构Timber structure组合结构Composite structureFrame struc ture梁板结构Beam and slab structure 构件Member承重构件Load-braring member 结构构件Struvture member肋形屋盖Ribbed roof肋形楼板Ribbed floor slab无梁楼板Flat plate; Flaf slab桁架；屋架Truss; Roof truss三角形屋（桁）架Triangular truss梯形屋（桁）架Trapezoidal truss拱形屋架Arch roof truss折线形屋架Segmental roof truss弓形桁架Bowstring truss框架Frame刚架Rigid frame门架Portal frame抗风构架Wind frame抗震构架Aseismic frame梁Beam; Girder大梁Girdec主梁Principal beam; Primary beam 次梁Secondary beam加腋梁Haunched beam筒支梁Simply beam固端梁Fixed beam悬臂梁Cantileuel beam连续梁Continuous beam托梁Spandrel圈梁过梁Lintel曲梁Curued beam bow beam 基础梁Foundation beam吊车梁Crane girderT形梁T-beam柱Column组合柱Combination column立柱Post吊车柱Crane column抗风柱End panel column墙wall板slab plate承重墙Bearing walls柱网Column grid支撑系统Brale systemPortal bracing betwlen columns 屋石支撑Roof bracing垂直支撑Uertical bracing水平支撑Horizontal bracing剪刀撑Cross bracing临时顶撑,支撑Shoring桁架式支撑Trussed braling斜撑Knel-brale上弦Tot chord下弦Bottom chord节间Panel节点Panel point压杆Compression member; strut拉杆Tension member; Tie-beam腹杆Web member斜杆斜腹杆Diagonal web member吊杆Hangel rod; sag rod系杆，拉杆Tie bar; sag rod天窗架Skylight frame天窗Monitor; Skylight托座、牛腿Bracket檀条Purlin连接Connection接点Joint铰接点Hinged point固接点Fixed Joint安装接点Erection joint拼接接点Splile joint节点板、连接板Gusset plate; Connecting plate 加劲板Stiffener plateBearing plate填隙板Filler plate梁柱接头Beam-column connections截面Cross seltion拱Arch壳Shell伸缩缝Expansion joint沉降缝Settlement joint施工缝Construction joint防震缝Aseismic joint4.5.4 结构理论用语Terms for theory of slructures a) 设计方法术语Terms for design method结构设计Structure design按极限强度设计Ultimate strength desthn按许可应力设计Working stress design按承载能力设计按稳定性设计Design accqrding to stabilitg按变形设计Design according to deformation 结构分析Structurat analysis结构计算Stractural calcuiation静定结构Statically determinate struvtures 超静定结构Statixally indeterminste strultures 精确计算Rigorous calculation近似计算Approximate calculation安全等级Safety classes极限状态Limite states摩擦系数Coeficient of friction质量密度Mass density]重力密度Weight (Force) densityb) 结构的作用效应术语轴向力Normal fqrce剪力弯矩Bending moment扭矩Torque水平推力Horizontal thrust水平拉力Horizontal pull水平（垂直）分力Horizontal (uertical) componente 合力Resultant正应力Normal stress剪应力Shear stress主应力Principal stress次应力Secondary stress预应力Prestress位移Displacement挠度Deflextion变形Deformation弯曲Bending; Flexure扭转c) 材料性能、结构抗力术语Terms of property of material and resistamle of structure 抗力Resistancc抵抗力矩Resistante moment强度Strength刚度Stiffness; Rigidity抗裂度Crack resistance抗压强度Cpmpressiue strength抗拉强度Tensile strength抗剪强度Shear strength抗变强度Flcxural strength抗扭强度Torsional strength抗裂强度Cracking strength屈服强度Yield strength疲劳强度Fatigue strength弹性模量Modulus of elasticithShear modulus变形模量Modulus of deformation稳定性Stabilith泊松比Poisson ratiod) 几何参数术语Terma of geometry parameter 截面高度Height of section截面有效高度Effective depth of section载面宽度Breadth of section截面厚度Thickness of section截面面积Area of section截面面积矩First moment of area截面惯性矩Second moment of area截面抵抗矩模量规范中用词Section modulus回转半径Radius of gyration偏心距Zclentrility长度跨度Span矢高Rvse长细比Slenderness ratio4.5.5 砖石结构Masonry construction砖砌体Brickwork砌筑Laying砖标号Grade of brick; Strength of brick 毛石砌体Rubble masonry毛石砼砌体Grouted rubble masonry水泥砂浆Cement mortar石灰砂浆Lime mortar水泥石灰砂浆ement-lime mirtar砂浆找平Mortar levelling4.5.6 钢筋砼结构Reinforled concrete structuve素混凝土Plain comcre teReinforcld concrete预应力砼Prestressed concrete砼标号Gracle of cincrete钢号Grade of steel整体式结构Monolthic structure装配式结构Assembled structure预制构件Precast element; Fabricated element 现浇Cast-in-site; Placed-in-site浇灌砼Concreting; Costion; Pouring; Placing 一次浇灌At one pouring分二次浇灌Poures in two operatios二次灌浆Final grouting钢筋保护层Relnforlement protectiue couer模板Formwork; shuttering拆模Form stripping预埋件Embedded insertsGrooue(Hole) to be prouided垫层Bedding course找平层Leuelling course; Trowelling course 4.5.7 配筋Reinforlement配筋率Percentage of reinforlement主筋Main reinforlement分布筋Distributing reinforlement腹筋Web reinforlement开口箍筋U-stirrups闭口箍筋Closed stirrups环筋Hoops弯起钢筋Bent-up bar附加钢筋Additional reinforlement搭接接头Lapped splile焊接接头Welded splile钢筋间距Spacing of reinforcement吊筋Suspender双向配筋Two-way reinforced螺旋筋Spiral bar温度筋Temperature reinfovcement锚固长度Anchor length埋入长度Built-in length螺孔直径Diameter of bolt hole螺孔中心线Center line of bolt hole锚栓、地脚螺栓Anchor bolt基础螺栓Foundation bolt安装螺栓Erection bolt普通螺栓Common bolt高强螺栓High strenth bolt4.5.8 焊接Welding电弧焊Electric arc welding气焊，氧—乙炔焊Gas welding; oxy-acetylene welding焊条Welding electrode; Welding-rod 手工焊Manual welding自动焊Automatic welding车间焊接Shop-welding现场焊接（工地焊接）Field-welded满焊Full weld搭接焊Lap weld贴角焊Fillet weld点焊Spot weld对接焊Butl weld仰焊Overhead weld双面贴角焊Flat fillet weld in front ard back 连续贴角焊Cmtinuous fillet weld间断贴角焊Intermittent fillet weld安装焊缝Erection weld单V形对接焊Single V butt weld 双V形对接焊Double V butt weld 4.5.9 特种结构Special structures 水塔Water tower高烟筒Tall chimney冷却水塔Cooling tower油罐Oil tank蓄水池Water resreuoir管廊Pipe rack管架Pipe support球罐Sphericat tank裂解炉cracking furnace 起重机、吊车Crane; Hoist。
3d打印专业英语词汇
3d打印专业英语词汇如下：1.增材制造 (Additive Manufacturing; AM)：指基于三维模型数据，通过逐层堆积材料来制造零件或实体物品的过程。
2.增材制造系统(Additive Manufacturing System; Additive System; Additive Manufacturing Equipment)：用于增材制造的设备和辅助工具的总称。
3.增材制造设备 (Additive Manufacturing Machine; Additive Manufacturing Apparatus)：执行增材制造过程的具体机器或装置。
4.CAD (Computer-aided Design)：计算机辅助设计，指利用计算机软件进行产品设计的过程。
5.CAM (Computer-aided Manufacturing)：计算机辅助制造，指使用计算机软件控制机床进行制造的过程。
6.CAE (Computer-aided Engineering)：计算机辅助工程，指运用计算机软件对产品进行分析、模拟和优化的过程。
7.FEA (Finite Element Analysis)：有限元分析，一种计算机模拟技术，用于预测复杂实体对象的行为和性能。
8.CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)：计算流体动力学，指利用计算机模拟流体流动情况的学科分支。
9.RE (Reverse Engineering)：逆向工程，指根据现有产品或模型推导出产品设计参数的过程。
10.FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling)*：熔融沉积制造，一种常见的3D打印技术，通过加热塑料至熔点并逐层挤出成型。
11.Filament Guide Tube：导料管，3D打印机中用来引导打印材料到达打印头的管道部分。
12. Firmware：固件，指内置于3D打印设备中用来控制其操作的软件。
结构专业英语词汇
结构专业A load 荷载B ground base and goundation 地基与基础C reinforcement concrete sructure 钢筋混凝土结构D steel structure 钢结构E design for antiseismic 抗震设计F general words for design 设计常用词汇G general words for construction 施工常用词汇A load 荷载拔力puling force标准值standard value绝对值absolute value残余应力residual stresss残余变形residual deformation冲击荷载inpact load, punch load均布荷载uniformly distributed load承重bearing, load bearing承重结构bearing structure脆性材料brittle materiall脆性破坏brittle failure抵抗力resisting power, resistance吊车荷载crane load分布荷载distributed load浮力buoyance, floatage负弯矩negative moment, hogging moment附加荷载additional load附加应力additional stresss副作用side effect, by-effect刚度rigidity刚度比ratio of rigidity刚度系数tigidity factor刚接rigid connection刚性节点rigid joint恒载dead load荷载传递transmission of load固端弯矩fixed-end moment活荷载live load集中荷载concentrated load加载、加荷loading剪力shear, shearing force剪力破坏shear failure剪应变shear strain剪应力shear sress静定结构ststically determinate structure截面模量modulus of section,section modulus 静力static force 静力分析satic analysis局部压力local pressure, partial pressure局部压屈local bulking抗拔力pulling resistance抗剪刚度shear rigidity抗剪强度shear stength, shearing stength抗拉强度tensile strength抗扭torsion resistance抗扭刚度torsion rigidity抗弯bending resistance抗弯刚度bending rigidity抗压强度compressive strength, compression strength可靠性reliability可靠性设计reliability desigh拉力tensile force拉应力tensile stress, tension stresss拉应变tensile strain, tension strain临界点critical point临界荷载critical load临界应力critical stress密度density离心力ccentrifugal force摩擦力friction force摩擦系数frictional factor绕度deflection扭矩moment of torsion, torsional moment疲劳强度fatigue strength偏心荷载eccentric load, non-central load偏心距eccentric distance, eccentricity偏心受拉eccentric tension偏心受压eccentice compression屈服强度yield strength水平力horiaontal thrust弹塑性变形elastoplastic deformation弹性elasticity, resilience, spring塑限plastic limit弹性变形elastic deformation塑性变形plastic deformation弹性模量modulus of elastic, elastic modulus土压力earth pressure, soil pressure弯矩bending moment, moment弯曲半径radius at bent, radius of curve位移displacement温度应力temperature stress温度作用temperature action系数cofficient, factor压应变compression strain压应力compression strss应力集中concentration of stresss预应力prestressing force, prestress振动荷载vibrating load, racking load支座反力support reaction结构工程常用词汇混凝土concrete钢筋reinforcing steel bar钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete（RC）钢筋混凝土结构reinforced concrete structure 板式楼梯cranked slab stairs刚度rigidity徐变creep水泥cement钢筋保护层cover to reinforcement梁beam柱column板slab剪力墙shear wall基础foundation剪力shear剪切变形shear deformation剪切模量shear modulus拉力tension压力pressure延伸率percentage of elongation位移displacement应力stress应变strain应力集中concentration of stresses应力松弛stress relaxation应力图stress diagram应力应变曲线stress-strain curve应力状态state of stress钢丝steel wire箍筋hoop reinforcement箍筋间距stirrup spacing加载loading抗压强度compressive strength抗弯强度bending strength抗扭强度torsional strength抗拉强度tensile strength裂缝crack屈服yield屈服点yield point屈服荷载yield load 屈服极限limit of yielding屈服强度yield strength屈服强度下限lower limit of yield荷载load横截面cross section承载力bearing capacity承重结构bearing structure弹性模量elastic modulus预应力钢筋混凝土prestressed reinforced concrete预应力钢筋prestressed reinforcement预应力损失loss of prestress预制板precast slab现浇钢筋混凝土结构cast-in-place reinforced concrete双向配筋two-way reinforcement主梁main beam次梁secondary beam弯矩moment悬臂梁cantilever beam延性ductileity受弯构件member in bending受拉区tensile region受压区compressive region塑性plasticity轴向压力axial pressure轴向拉力axial tension吊车梁crane beam可靠性reliability粘结力cohesive force外力external force弯起钢筋bent-up bar弯曲破坏bending failure屋架roof truss素混凝土non-reinforced concrete无梁楼盖flat slab配筋率reinforcement ratio配箍率stirrup ratio泊松比Poisson’s ratio偏心受拉eccentric tension偏心受压eccentric compression偏心距eccentric distance疲劳强度fatigue strength偏心荷载eccentric load跨度span跨高比span-to-depth ratio跨中荷载midspan load框架结构frame structure集中荷载concentrated load 分布荷载distribution load 分布钢筋distribution steel 挠度deflection设计荷载design load设计强度design strength 构造construction简支梁simple beam截面面积area of section浇注pouring浇注混凝土concreting钢筋搭接bar splicing刚架rigid frame脆性brittleness脆性破坏brittle failure。
建筑结构工程常用名词一览
建筑结构工程常用名词一览【容积率】工程总建筑面积与总用地面积的比值。
用小数表示。
【建筑密度】工程总占地基地面积与总用地面积的比值。
用百分数表示。
【绿地率】工程绿地总面积与总用地面积的比值。
用百分数表示。
【日照间距】前后两栋建筑之间，根据日照时间要求所确定的距离。
日照间距的计算，一般以冬至这一天正午正南方向房屋底层窗台以上墙面，能被太阳照到的高度为依据。
【建筑物】供人们在其中生产、生活或其他活动的房屋或场所都叫做建筑物，如公寓、厂房、学校等。
【构筑物】人们不在其中生产或生活的建筑，那么叫做构筑物，如烟囱、水塔、桥梁等。
【建筑三材】钢材、水泥、木材。
【建筑安装工程费】建筑安装工程费由人工费、材料费、机械费三局部组成。
【统一模数制：根本模数、扩大模数、分模数】〔1〕、所谓统一模数制，就是为了实现设计的标准化而制定的一套根本规那么，使不同的建筑物及各分部之间的尺寸统一协调，使之具有通用性和互换性，以加快设计速度，提高施工效率、降低造价。
〔2〕、根本模数是模数协调中选用的根本尺寸单位，用M表示，1M=100mm。
〔3〕、扩大模数是导出模数的一种，其数值为根本模数的倍数。
扩大模数共六种，分别是3M〔300mm〕、6M〔600mm〕、12M〔1200mm〕、15M〔1500mm〕、30M〔3000mm〕、60M 〔6000mm〕。
建筑中较大的尺寸，如开间、进深、跨度、柱距等，应为某一扩大模数的倍数。
〔4〕、分模数是导出模数的另一种，其数值为根本模数的分倍数。
分模数共三种，分别是1/10M〔10mm〕、1/5M〔20mm〕、1/2M〔50mm〕。
建筑中较小的尺寸，如缝隙、墙厚、构造节点等，应为某一分模数的倍数。
【标志尺寸、构造尺寸、实际尺寸】〔1〕、标志尺寸是用以标注建筑物定位轴线之间〔开间、进深〕的距离大小，以及建筑制品、建筑构配件、有关设备位置的界限之间的尺寸。
标志尺寸应符合模数制的规定。
〔2〕、构造尺寸是建筑制品、建筑构配件的设计尺寸。
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结构工程常用词汇混凝土：concrete钢筋：reinforcing steel bar钢筋混凝土：reinforced concrete（RC）钢筋混凝土结构：reinforced concrete structure 板式楼梯：cranked slab stairs水泥：cement 钢筋保护层：cover to reinforcement 梁：beam柱：column板：slab剪力墙：shear wall基础：foundation剪力：shear拉力：tension压力：pressure应力：stress钢丝：steel wire箍筋：hoop reinforcement箍筋间距：stirrup spacing加载：loading抗压强度：compressive strength抗弯强度：bending strength抗扭强度：torsional strength抗拉强度：tensile strength裂缝：crack屈服：yield屈服点：yield point屈服荷载：yield load屈服强度：yield strength屈服强度下限：lower limit of yield 荷载：load横截面：cross section承载力：bearing capacity承重结构：bearing structure预应力钢筋混凝土：prestressed reinforced concrete预应力钢筋：prestressed reinforcement预制板：precast slab双向配筋：two-way reinforcement主梁：main beam次梁：secondary beam弯矩：moment悬臂梁：cantilever beam受弯构件：member in bending受拉区：tensile region受压区：compressive region 塑性：plasticity轴向压力：axial pressure轴向拉力：axial tension吊车梁：crane beam可靠性：reliability外力：external force弯起钢筋：bent-up bar弯曲破坏：bending failure屋架：roof truss素混凝土：non-reinforced concrete 配筋率：reinforcement ratio配箍率：stirrup ratio偏心受拉：eccentric tension偏心受压：eccentric compression 偏心距：eccentric distance疲劳强度：fatigue strength偏心荷载：eccentric load跨度：span跨高比：span-to-depth ratio跨中荷载：midspan load框架结构：frame structure集中荷载：concentrated load分布荷载：distribution load分布钢筋：distribution steel设计荷载：design load设计强度：design strength构造：construction简支梁：simple beam截面面积：area of section刚架：rigid frame脆性破坏：brittle failure1, precast2, slab3, cranked [kræŋkt]adj. 有曲柄的，弯曲的v. 转动曲柄；使成曲柄状；曲折行进（crank的过去分词）4, cement [si'ment]vt. 巩固，加强；用水泥涂；接合vi. 粘牢n. 水泥；接合剂5, hoop [hu:p]n. 箍；铁环；呼呼声vt. 加箍于；包围vi. 发呼呼声6, stirrup ['stə:rəp, 'sti-]n. [建] 箍筋；马镫；镫形物stirrup: 镫骨 | 箍筋 | 络仔7, compressive strength[力] 抗压强度；[力] 压缩强度compressive strength: 抗压强度 | 压缩强度 | 抗压力度8, section ['sekʃən]n. 截面；部门；地区；章节vt. 把…分段；将…切片；对…进行划分vi. 被切割成片；被分成部分section: 型材 | 截面 | 剖面9, cross section[数] 横截面cross section: 横切面 | 截面 | 横断面10, capacity [kə'pæsəti]n. 能力；容量；资格，地位；生产力11, prestressedadj. 预应力的v. 给…预加应力（prestress的过去式和过去分词）prestressed: 安装预应力 | 预应力的 | 预加应力的12, moment ['məumənt]n. 重要，契机；瞬间；重要时刻；指定时刻moment: 瞬间 | 力矩 | 冬季恋歌13, cantilever ['kæntili:və, -levə]n. 悬臂14, member ['membə]n. 成员；会员；议员member: 构件 | 成员 | 齿轮15, shear [ʃiə]n. [力] 切变；修剪；大剪刀vi. 剪；剪切；修剪vt. 剪；修剪；剥夺16, plasticity [plæs'tisiti]n. 塑性，可塑性；适应性；柔软性plasticity: 塑性 | 可塑性 | 塑性力学17, axial ['æksiəl]adj. 轴的；轴向的18, crane beam[机] 吊车梁，[机] 起重机梁；行车梁crane beam: 起重机梁 | 行车梁 | 吊车梁19, reliability [ri,laiə'biləti] n. 可靠性reliability: 可靠性| 可靠度| 信度20, truss [trʌs]n. 束；构架；捆vt. 捆绑；用构架支撑21, eccentric [ik'sentrik]n. 古怪的人adj. 古怪的，反常的22, midspan ['midspæn]n. 中跨；跨距中点23, structure ['strʌktʃə]n. 结构；构造；建筑物vt. 组织；构成；建造24, 建筑师architect25, architect ['ɑ:kitekt]n. 建筑师26, architecture ['ɑ:kitektʃə] n. 建筑学；建筑风格；建筑式样27, dweller ['dwelə]n. 民，居住者28, aqueduct ['ækwidʌkt]n. [水利] 渡槽；导水管；沟渠29, master ['mɑ:stə, 'mæstə]vt. 控制；精通；征服n. 硕士；主人；大师；教师adj. 主人的；主要的；熟练的30, habitable ['hæbitəbl]adj. 可居住的；适于居住的31, bathroom ['bɑ:θrum]n. 浴室；厕所；盥洗室32, kitchen ['kitʃin]n. 厨房；炊具；炊事人员33, parlour ['pa:lə]n. 客厅；会客室；雅座34, depth [depθ]n. [海洋] 深度；深奥35, uniform ['ju:nifɔ:m]adj. 统一的；一致的；相同的；均衡的；始终如一的n. 制服vt. 使穿制服；使成一样36, illumination [i,lju:mi'neiʃən]n. 照明；[光] 照度；启发；灯饰（需用复数）；阐明37, blank [blæŋk]adj. 空白的；空虚的；单调的n. 空白；空虚；空白表格vt. 使…无效；使…模糊；封锁vi. 消失；成为空白38, integral ['intiɡrəl]adj. 积分的；完整的，整体的n. 积分；部分；完整39, tenancy ['tenənsi]n. 租期；租用40, zoning ['zəuniŋ]n. （美）分区制；都市的区域划分41, prestige [pre'sti:ʒ, -'sti:d ʒ, 'prestidʒ]n. 威望，声望；声誉42, dictate [dik'teit, 'dikteit] vt. 命令；口述；使听写vi. 口述；听写n. 命令；指示43, intent [in'tent]n. 意图；目的；含义adj. 专心的；急切的；坚决的44, subconsciously [,sʌb'kɔnʃəsli]adv. 潜意识地45, edifice ['edifis]n. 大厦；大建筑物46, confusion [kən'fju:ʒən]n. 混淆，混乱；困惑47, spanning ['spæniŋ]n. [数] 生成，长成；跨越；拉线v. 横跨（span的ing形式）；用拃丈量48, void [vɔid]adj. 空的；无效的；无人的n. 空虚；空间；空隙vt. 使无效；排放49, tensile ['tensail, -səl] adj. [力] 拉力的；可伸长的；可拉长的50, sturdy ['stə:di]adj. 坚定的；强健的；健全的n. 羊晕倒病51, post [pəust] n. 岗位；邮件；标杆vt. 张贴；公布；邮递；布置vi. 快速行进52, fibrous ['faibrəs]adj. 纤维的，纤维性的；纤维状的53, rectangle ['rek,tæŋɡl]n. 矩形；长方形54, gridiron ['ɡrid,aiən]n. 烤架；格状物；橄榄球场55, rear [riə]vt. 培养；树立；栽种vi. 暴跳；高耸adv. 向后；在后面adj. 后方的；后面的；背面的n. 后面；屁股；后方部队56, nave [neiv]n. （教堂的）中殿；（铁路车站等建筑的）中央广场；车轮的中心部57, aislesn. 通道；走廊（aisle的复数）58, transept ['trænsept, 'trɑ:n-]n. 教堂的十字型翼部59, apse [æps]n. [天] 拱点；教堂东端突出的半圆或多角形室60, proportion [prəˈpɔːʃ(ə)n] n. 比例；部分；面积；均衡vt. 使成比例；使均衡；分摊61, voids [vɔidz]n. 空洞，孔洞；空隙率，结点间（void 的复数）v. 使无效；排泄，清空（void的第三人称单数）62, solids ['sɔlidz]n. 实体，固体；硬粒；立方体（solid 的复数）63, repetition [,repi'tiʃən]n. 重复；背诵；副本64, balustrade [,bæləs'treid]n. 栏杆65, imperceptibly [,impə'septəbli]adv. 极微地；微细地；察觉不到地66, colonnade [,kɔlə'neid]n. [建] 柱廊67, incarnation [,inkɑ:'neiʃən] n. 化身；道成肉身；典型2012年中国矿业大学（北京）硕士研究生入学考试复试工作安排一、复试时间：4月14-15日，地点由各学院安排并公布。