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应用统计学英文课件 Business Statistics Ch08 Confidence Interval Estimation-57页PPT文档资料

Chap 8-14
General Formula
The general formula for all confidence intervals is:
Point Estimate ± (Critical Value)(Standard Error)
Where: • Point Estimate is the sample statistic estimating the population parameter of interest
Population Mean
Confidence Intervals for the Population Proportion, π
Determining the Required Sample Size
Business Statistics: A First Course, 5e © 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc..
How to determine the sample size necessary to develop a confidence interval for the mean or proportion
Business Statistics: A First Course, 5e © 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc..
An interval gives a range of values:
Takes into consideration variation in sample statistics from sample to sample
Based on observations from 1 sample
95% of all the confidence intervals that can be constructed will contain the unknown true parameter

商务与经济统计ppt第8章课件

© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
O
[------------------------- ---interval
includes m
[------------------------- -------------------------]
-------------------------]
Sampling distribution of
/2
1 - of all
/2
values
O
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Slide 5
Interval Estimate of a Population Mean:
s Known
There is a 1 - probability that the value of a sample mean will provide a margin of error of
or less.
Slide 1
Chapter 8 Interval Estimation
n Population Mean: s Known n Population Mean: s Unknown n Determining the Sample Size

《Business statistic》复习参考(第一章至第八章)

《Business Statistic》中国人民大学出版社英文版第五版chapter1~8复习参考Part1名词解释1、Statistics is a method of extracting useful information from a set of numerical data in orderto make a more effective and informed decision.2、Descriptive Statistics：These are statistical methods of organizing, summarizing andpresenting numerical data in convenient forms such as graphs, charts and tables.3、Inferential statistics is defined as statistical methods used for drawing conclusions about apopulation based on samples.4、Primary data is obtained first hand.5、Secondary data already exists or has been previously collected such as company accounts, orsales figures.6、Mean: The arithmetic average and the most common measure ofaaaaaaa central tendency.①All values are included in computing the mean.②A set of data has a unique mean ③Themean is affected by unusually large or small data points (outliers / extreme values).7、*8、Mode: The most frequent data, or data corresponding to the highest frequency. ①Mode isnot affected by extreme values. ②There may not be a mode. ③There may be several modes. ④Used for either numerical or categorical data.9、Median is the value that splits a ranked set of data into two equal parts. ①Median is notaffected by extremely large or small values and is therefore a valuable measure of central tendency when such values occur.10、Standard Deviation: ①A measure of the variation of data from the mean. ②The mostcommonly used measure of variation. ③Represented by the symbol ‘s’. ④Shows how the data is distributed around the mean.11、Probability is the chance of an occurrence of an event. ①Probability of an eventalways lies between 0 and 1. ②The sum of the probabilities of every possible outcome or event is 1. ③The probability of the complement A’ is given by 1-P(A).12、Properties of Normal distribution：①Continuous random variable. ②‘Bell-shaped’ &symmetrical. ③Mean, median, mode are equal ④Area under the curve is 1.13、The Central Limited Theorem：①If the population followed normal distribution, thesampling distribution of mean is followed normal distribution. ②If the population do not followed normal distribution, but the sample size is larger than 30, the sampling distribution of mean is followed normal distribution.Part2选择题Topic 1 - Introduction to Business Statistics & Data CollectionQ1. The universe or totality of items or things under consideration is called:a.【b. a sample.c. a population.d. a parameter.e.none of the above.Q2. Those methods involving the collection, presentation, and characterization of a set of data in order to properly describe the various features of that set of data are called:a.inferential statistics.b.total quality management.c.sampling.d.descriptive statistics.Q3. The portion of the universe that has been selected for analysis is called:a.—b. a sample.c. a frame.d. a parameter.e. a statistic.Q4. A summary measure that is computed to describe a numerical characteristic from only a sample of the population is called:a. a parameter.b. a census.c. a statistic.d.the scientific method.Q5. A summary measure that is computed to describe a characteristic of an entire population is called:a.）b. a parameter.c. a census.d. a statistic.e.total quality management.Q6. The process of using sample statistics to draw conclusions about population parameters is called:a.inferential statistics.b.experimentation.c.primary sources.d.descriptive statistics.Q7. Which of the four methods of data collection is involved when a person retrieves data from an online databasea.（b.published sources.c.experimentation.d.surveying.e.observation.Q8. Which of the four methods of data collection is involved when people are asked to complete a questionnairea.published sources.b.experimentation.c.surveying.d.observation.Q9. Which of the four methods of data collection is involved when a person records the use of the Los Angeles freeway systema.@b.published sources.c.experimentation.d.surveying.e.observation.Q10. A focus group is an example of which of the four methods of data collectiona.published sources.b.experimentation.c.surveying.d.observation.Q11. Which of the following is true about response ratesa.】b.The longer the questionnaire, the lower the rate.c.Mail surveys usually produce lower response rates than personal interviews or telephonesurveys.d.Question wording can affect a response rate.e. d. All of the above.Q12. Which of the following is a reason that a manager needs to know about statisticsa.To know how to properly present and describe information.b.To know how to draw conclusions about the population based on sample information.c.To know how to improve processes.d.All of the above.~Scenario 1-1Questions 13-15 refer to this scenario:An insurance company evaluates many variables about a person before deciding on an appropriate rate for automobile insurance. Some of these variables can be classified as categorical, discrete and numerical, or continuous and numerical.Q13. Referring to Scenario 1-1 (above), the number of claims a person has made in the last three years is what type of variablea.Categorical.b.Discrete and numerical.c.Continuous and numerical.d.None of the above.Q14. Referring to Scenario 1-1 (above), a person's age is what type of variablea.—b.Categorical.c.Discrete and numerical.d.Continuous and numerical.e.None of the above.Q15. Referring to Scenario 1-1 (above), a person's gender is what type of variablea.Categorical.b.Discrete and numerical.c.Continuous and numerical.d.None of the above.{Q16. Which of the following can be reduced by proper interviewer traininga.Sampling error.b.Measurement error.c.Coverage error.d.Nonresponse error.Scenario 1-2Questions 17-19 refer to this scenario:Mediterranean fruit flies were discovered in California a few years ago and badly damaged the oranges grown in that state. Suppose the manager of a large farm wanted to study the impact of the fruit flies on the orange crops on a daily basis over a 6-week period. On each day a random sample of orange trees was selected from within a random sample of acres. The daily average number of damaged oranges per tree and the proportion of trees having damaged oranges were calculated.,Q17. Referring to Scenario 1-2 (above), the two main measures calculated each day ., average number of damaged oranges per tree and proportion of trees having damaged oranges) are called _______.a.statistics.b.parameters.c.samples.d.populations.Q18. Referring to Scenario 1-2 (above), the two main measures calculated each day ., average number of damaged oranges per tree and proportion of trees having damaged oranges) may be used on a daily basis to estimate the respective true population _______.a.estimates.b.parameters.c.statistics.d.frame.（Q19. Referring to Scenario 1-2 (above), in this study, drawing conclusions on any one day about the true population characteristics based on information obtained from the sample is called _______.a.evaluation.b.descriptive statistics.c.inferential statistics.d.survey.Scenario 1-3Questions 20 and 21 refer to this scenario:The Quality Assurance Department of a large urban hospital is attempting to monitor and evaluate patient satisfaction with hospital services. Prior to discharge, a random sample of patients is asked to fill out a questionnaire to rate such services as medical care, nursing, therapy, laboratory, food, and cleaning. The Quality Assurance Department prepares weekly reports that are presented at the Board of Directors meetings and extraordinary/atypical ratings are easy to flag.、Q20. Referring to Scenario 1-3 (above), true population characteristics estimated from the sample results each week are called _____________.a.inferences.b.parameters.c.estimates.d.data.Q21. Referring to Scenario 1-3 (above), a listing of all hospitalised patients in this institution over a particular week would constitute the ________.a.sample.b.population.c.statistics.d.parameters.`Scenario 1-4Questions 22-24 refer to this scenario:The following are the questions given to Sheila Drucker-Ferris in her college alumni association survey. Each variable can be classified as categorical or numerical, discrete or continuous.Q22. Referring to Scenario 1-4 (above), the data for the number of years since graduation is categorised as: __________________.a.numerical discrete.b.categorical.c.numerical continuous.d.none of the above.：Q23. Referring to Scenario 1-4 (above), the data for the number of science majors is categorised as: ____________.a.categorical.b.numerical continuous.c.numerical discrete.d.none of the above.Q24. Referring to Scenario 1-4 (above), the data for tabulating the level of job satisfaction (High, Moderate, Low) is categorised as: _________.a.numerical continuous.b.categorical.c.numerical discrete.d.none of the above.'Topic 2: Organising and Presenting dataQ1 The width of each bar in a histogram corresponds to the:a.boundaries of the classes.b.number of observations in the classes.c.midpoint of the classes.d.percentage of observations in the classes.Q2 When constructing charts, which of the following chart types is plotted at the class midpointsa.Frequency histograms.b.Percentage polygons.c.$d.Cumulative relative frequency ogives.e.Relative frequency histograms.Q3 When polygons or histograms are constructed, which axis must show the true zero or "origin"a.The horizontal axis.b.The vertical axis.c.Both the horizontal and vertical axes.d.Neither the horizontal nor the vertical axis.Q4 To determine the appropriate width of each class interval in a grouped frequency distribution, we:a.divide the range of the data by the number of desired class intervals.b.divide the number of desired class intervals by the range of the datac.】d.take the square root of the number of observations.e.take the square of the number of observations.Q5 When grouping data into classes it is recommended that we have:a.less than 5 classes.b.between 5 and 15 classes.c.more than 15 classes.d.between 10 and 30 classes.Q6 Which of the following charts would give you information regarding the number of observations "up to and including" a given groupa.Frequency histograms.b.Polygons.c.}d.Percentage polygons.e.Cumulative relative frequency ogives.Q7 Another name for an "ogive" is a:a.frequency histogram.b.polygon.c.percentage polygon.d.cumulative percentage polygon.Q8 In analyzing categorical data, the following graphical device is NOT appropriate:a.bar chart.b.Pareto diagram.c.！d.stem and leaf display.e.pie chart.Table 2The opinions of a sample of 200 people broken down by gender about the latest congressionalFor Neutral Against】Totals Female385412104Male123648(96 Totals509060200about the latest congressional plan to eliminate anti-trust exemptions for professional baseball. Referring to Table 2, the number of people who are neutral to the plan is _______.a.36b.54c.90d.、e.200Q10 Referring to Table 2, the number of males who are against the plan is _______.a.12b.48c.60d.96Q11 Referring to Table 2, the percentage of males among those who are for the plan is ______.a.%b.24%c.25%d.（e.76%Q12 Referring to Table 2, the percentage who are against the plan among the females is _______.a.%b.20%c.30%d.52%Topic 3: Numerical Descriptive StatisticsQ1 Which measure of central tendency can be used for both numerical and categorical variablesa.Mean.b./c.Median.d.Mode.e.Quartiles.Q2 Which of the following statistics is not a measure of central tendencya.Mean.b.Median.c.Mode.d.Q3.Q3 Which of the following statements about the median is NOT truea.It is more affected by extreme values than the mean.b.\c.It is a measure of central tendency.d.It is equal to Q2.e.It is equal to the mode in bell-shaped distributions.Q4 The value in a data set that appears most frequently is called:a.the median.b.the mode.c.the mean.d.the variance.Q5 In a perfectly symmetrical distribution:a.the mean equals the median.b.，c.the median equals the mode.d.the mean equals the mode.e.All of the above.Q6 When extreme values are present in a set of data, which of the following descriptive summary measures are most appropriatea.CV and range.b.Mean and standard deviation.c.Median and interquartile range.d.Mode and variance.Q7 The smaller the spread of scores around the mean:a.the smaller the interquartile range.b.（c.the smaller the standard deviation.d.the smaller the coefficient of variation.e.All the above.Q8 In a right-skewed distribution:a.the median equals the mean.b.the mean is less than the median.c.the mean is greater than the median.d.the mean is less than the mode.a.b.c.d.Q10 Referring to Table 3 (above), the median carbohydrate amount in the cereal is ________ grams.a.19b.20c.[d.21e.Q11 Referring to Table 3 (above), the 1st quartile of the carbohydrate amounts is ________ grams.a.15b.20c.21d.25Q12 Referring to Table 3 (above), the range in the carbohydrate amounts is ________ grams.a.16b.18c.$d.20e.21Topic 4: Basics probability and discrete probability distributionsInformation A, needed to answer Questions 1 to 2The Health and Safety committee in a large retail firm is examining the relationship between the number of days of sick leave an employee takes and whether an employee works on the day shift (D) or night shift (N). The committee looks at a sample of 50 employees and notes which shiftthey work on and whether the number of days of sick leave they take in a year is less than 6 daysthe values in the table of probabilities is not correcta.The probability of an employee taking 6 or more days of sick leave P(M) isb.The probability that an employee is on the Night Shift (N) and takes less than 6 days ofleave (L), is called a conditional probability P(N | L) =c.)d.If you know that an employee is on day shift (D) then the probability that they will takeless than 6 days of leave (L) is the conditional probability P(L | D) =e.The probability that an employee works Day Shift (D) or takes 6 or more days of leave (M)is found using the addition rule to be P(D or M) =f.They are all correctQ2 The analyst wishes to use the Probabilities table from Information A to determine whether the work shift variable and the number of days of sick leave variable are or are not independent variables. Which of the following statements about the work shift and the number of days of sick leave variables is correcta.These variables are independent because the marginal probabilities such as P(L) are thesame as the conditional probabilities P(L | D)b.These variables are not independent because the marginal probability P(L) is differentfrom the conditional probability P(N | L)c.These variables are not independent because the joint probabilities such as P(L and N)are equal to the product of the probabilities P(L).P(N).d.These variables are dependent because the marginal probabilities such as P(L) are equalto the conditional probability P(L | N)e.None of the above】Information B, needed to answer Question 3Suppose the manager of a home ware retailer decides in a 5-minute period no more than 4 customers can arrive at a counter. Using past records he obtains the following probabilityTable 4-3Arrivals (X)01234~.15.20.30.20.15 P(X)Q3 Use Information B to answer this question. If values are rounded to 3 decimal places which of the following is the correct pair of values for the mean, the variance or standard deviation of the number of arrivals at the counter.a.Mean mu = 2 and variance sigma-squared =b.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =c.Mean mu = 2 and standard deviation sigma =d.、e.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =f.None of the aboveInformation C, needed to answer Questions 4-6The section manager in an insurance company is interested in evaluating how well staff at the inquiry counter handle customer complaints. She interviews a sample of n = 6 customers who have made complaints and asks each of them whether staff had handled their complaints well. Each interview is called a trial. If a customer says their complaint was handled well this is called a success. She thinks that as long as these people are interviewed independently of each other then the number of people who say their complaint was handled well is a random variable with a Binomial probability distribution. The section manager thinks that the probability that a customers complaint will be handled well is p = .Q4 Use Information C to answer this question. A total of n = 6 people are interviewed independently of each other. Which of the following statements about the probability that 5 out of the 6 complaints will be handled well is correcta.less thanb.between andc.more thand.between ande.`f.None of the aboveQ5 Using Information C, which of the following statements about the probability that 4 or less of the 6 complaints will be handled well is correcta.less thanb.more thanc.between andd.between ande.None of the aboveQ6 Suppose the section manager from Information C is interested in the measures of central tendency and variation for the number of complaints which are handled well. Which of the following sets of values, where values are rounded to 3 decimal places, is the correct set of valuesa.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =b.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =c.！d.Mean mu = and variance sigma-squared =e.Mean mu = and standard deviation sigma =f.None of the aboveInformation D, needed to answer Questions 7-9The manager of a large retailer thinks that one reason why staff at the complaints counter fail to handle customer complaints well is that not enough staff are allocated to this counter. Past experience has shown that the number of customers who arrive at this counter has a Poisson distribution where the average number who arrive each hour is 36. He decides to look at how many customers are likely to arrive at the complaints counter during a 5-minute period.Q7 Use Information D to answer this question. Which of the following statements concerning the probability that exactly 2 customers will arrive at the counter in a 5-minute period is correcta.less thanb.between andc.between andd.…e.more thanf.None of the aboveQ8 Use Information D to answer this question. Which of the following statements concerning the probability that 3 or more customers will arrive at a counter in a 5-minute period is correcta.between andb.less thanc.more thand.between ande.None of the aboveQ9 The section manager from Information D is interested in the mean and variance of the number of customers who arrive during a 1 hour period. Which of the following is the correct set of values for these two measuresa.Mean mu = 3 and variance sigma-squared = 3b./c.Mean mu = 36 and standard deviation sigma =d.Mean mu = 30 and variance sigma-squared = 30e.Mean mu = 36 and standard deviation sigma = 6f.None of the aboveTopic 5: Normal probability distribution & sampling distributionQ1 Which of the following is not a property of the normal distributiona.It is bell-shaped.b.It is slightly skewed left.c.Its measures of central tendency are all identical.d.%e.Its range is from negative infinity to positive infinity.Q2 The area under the standardized normal curve from 0 to would be:a.the same as the area from 0 to .b.equal to .c.found by using Table in your textbook.d.all of the above.Q3 Which of the following about the normal distribution is not truea.Theoretically, the mean, median, and mode are the same.b.About two-thirds of the observations fall within ± 1 standard deviation from the mean.c.It is a discrete probability distribution.d.(e.Its parameters are the mean and standard deviation.Q4 In its standardized form, the normal distribution:a.has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.b.has a mean of 1 and a variance of 0.c.has a total area equal to .d.cannot be used to approximate discrete binomial probability distributions.Q5 In the standardized normal distribution, the probability that Z > 0 is _______.a.b.c.d.]e.cannot be found without more informationQ6 The probability of obtaining a value greater than 110 in a normal distribution in which the mean is 100 and the standard deviation is 10 is ______________ the probability of obtaining a value greater than 650 in a normal distribution with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100.a.less thanb.equal to.c.greater thand.It is unknown without more information.Q7 The probability of getting a Z score greater than is ________.a.close tob.c. a negative numberd.%e.almost zeroQ8 For some positive value of Z, the probability that a standardized normal variable is between 0 and Z is . The value of Z isa.b.c.d.Q9 For some value of Z, the probability that a standardized normal variable is below Z is . The value of Z isa.b.c.d.【e.Q10 Given that X is a normally distributed random variable with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 2, the probability that X is between 47 and 54 isa.b.c.d.Q11 For some positive value of X, the probability that a standardized normal variable is between 0 and + is . The value of X isa.b.c.d.'e.Q12 The owner of a fish market determined that the average weight for a catfish is pounds with a standard deviation of pounds. A citation catfish should be one of the top 2 percent in weight. Assuming the weights of catfish are normally distributed, at what weight (in pounds) should the citation designation be establisheda.poundsb.poundsc.poundsd.poundsQ13 Which of the following is NOT a property of the arithmetic meana.It is unbiased.b.It is always equal to the population mean.c.Its average is equal to the population mean.d.（e.Its variance becomes smaller when the sample size gets bigger.Q14 The sampling distribution of the mean is a distribution of:a.individual population values.b.individual sample values.c.statistics.d.parameters.Q15 The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean is called the:a.standard error of the sample.b.standard error of the estimate.c.standard error of the mean.d.~e.All of the aboveQ16 According to the central limit theorem, the sampling distribution of the mean can be approximated by the normal distribution:a.as the number of samples gets "large enough."b.as the sample size (number of observations) gets "large enough."c.as the size of the population standard deviation increases.d.as the size of the sample standard deviation decreases.Q17 For a sample size of n=10, the sampling distribution of the mean will be normally distributed:a.regardless of the population's distribution.b.if the shape of the population is symmetrical.c.if the variance of the mean is known.d.{e.if the population is normally distributedTopic 6: EstimationQ1 The interval estimate using the t critical value is ________ than the interval estimate using the z critical value.a.Narrowerb.The same asc.Widerd.More powerfulQ2 To estimate the mean of a normal population with unknown standard deviation using a small sample, we use the ______ distribution.a.'t'b.：c.'Z'd.samplinge.alphaQ3 If the population does not follow a normal distribution, then to use the t distribution to give a confidence interval estimate for the population mean, the sample size should be:a.at least 5b.at least 30c.at least 100d.less than 30Q4 The 'z' value or 't' value used in the confidence interval formula is called the:a.sigma valueb.：c.critical valued.alpha valuee.none of the aboveQ5 The 'z' value that is used to construct a 90 percent confident interval is:a.b.c.d.Q6 The 'z' value that is used to construct a 95 percent confidence interval is:a.b.c.d.Q7 The sample size needed to construct a 90 percent confidence interval estimate for the population mean with sampling error ± when sigma is known to be 10 units is:a.9b.32c.75d.107Q8 The t critical value approaches the z critical value when:a.the sample size decreasesb.the sample size approaches infinityc.the confidence level increasesd.the sample is smallQ9 The t-critical value used when constructing a 99 percent confidence interval estimate with a sample of size 18 is:a.b.c.d.Q10 The t-value that would be used to construct a 90 percent confidence interval for the mean with a sample of size n 36 would be:a.b.c.d.Q11 The value of alpha (two tailed) for a 96 percent confidence interval would be: a.b.c.d.Q12 When using the t distribution for confidence interval estimates for the mean, the degrees of freedom value is:a.nb.n-1c.n-2d.n %2B 1Q13 You would interpret a 90 percent confidence interval for the population mean as:a.you can be 90 percent confident that you have selected a sample whose interval doesinclude the population meanb.if all possible samples are selected and CI's are calculated, 90 percent of those intervalswould include the true population meanc.90 percent of the population is in that intervald.both A and B are trueQ14 From a sample of 100 items, 30 were defective. A 95 percent confidence interval for the proportion of defectives in the population is:a.(.2, .4)b.(.21, .39)c.(.225, .375)d.(.236, .364)Q15 A confidence interval was used to estimate the proportion of statistics students that are male. A random sample of 70 statistics students generated the following 90 percent confidence interval: , . Using the information above, what size sample would be necessary if we wanted to estimate the true proportion to within ± using 95 percent confidencea.240b.450c.550d.150整理人：阿桤。

《应用商务统计》-课程教学大纲

《应用商务统计学》课程教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程代码：16045003课程名称：应用商务统计学英文名称：Applied Business Statistics课程类别：专业课学时： 48学分： 3适用对象: 国际商务专业考核方式：考试先修课程：《微积分》、《概率论与数理统计》二、课程简介应用商务统计学介绍在商务经济活动当中常用的统计描述和统计推断的方法。

主要内容包括如何使用图形和统计指标对数据进行整理和描述、抽样分布、点估计、区间估计、假设检验、列联表分析、方差分析、回归分析。

课程的教学中将介绍计算机统计分析软件EXCEL的使用和案例分析。

Applied Business Statistics introduces some statistical description and statistical inference methods used in business and economic activities. The main contents include how to use graphics and statistical indicators to organize and describe the data, sampling distribution, point estimation, interval estimation, hypothesis testing, contingency table analysis, variance analysis and regression analysis. The course will introduce the use of computer statistical analysis software EXCEL and the analysis of several cases. 三、课程性质与教学目的应用商务统计学是一门应用性统计学课程，系统论述了统计理论与方法在商务经济活动中的应用。

统计学英文教学课件Chapter 1(商科)What is Statistics

Judgement Convenience
Probability Samples
Simple Random
Systematic
Stratified
Cluster
16
Simple Random Sampling
• Every possible subset of n units has the same chance of being selected
and levels of measurement 3. Describe key data collection methods 4. Identify common sampling methods 5. Distinguish the different areas of statistics 6. Explain why you study statistics
11
Data Collection Issues - Errors
Sampling
Bad Luck
Non-sampling
Interviewer/Instrument Bias Non-response Bias Selection Bias Interviewee Lie Measurement Error Observer Bias
8
Levels of Measurement
Interval
Similar to ordinal data, WITH differences between data values being meaningful, BUT ratio of two data values not meaningful
N/n = 5000/200 = 25. Select a random number from 1 to 25. Suppose you randomly select the 16th student. Then select every 25th student from there: 41, 66, 91, …

应用商务统计学讲义第一章中英文对照版

• 统计是一种可以带来更好决策的思维方式。
2
LLL
Why Statistics?
• In today’s digital world ever increasing amounts of data are gathered, stored, reported on, and available for further study.
• The growth of “Big Data” spurs the use of business analytics •“大数据 ”的增长刺激了商业分析的应用
• “Big data” or very large data sets are arising because of the automatic collection of high volumes of data at very fast rates. •“大数据”或非常大的数据集的出现，是因为以非常快的速率自动收集大量数据 6 。
在这个过程中我们将使用DCOVA
– -定义你想研究的数据，以解决问题或达到一个目标。
– -从适当的来源收集数据
– -组织开发表收集的数据
– -通过开发图表来可视化数据
– -分析收集到的数据，得出结论并给出结果
4
LLL
Using The DCOVA Framework Helps You To Apply Statistics To:
No order
ordered/ ranked
No true zero
Absolute zero
Difference is meaningful Difference is meaningful
Ratio is not meaningful Ratio is also meaningful

商务与经济统计ppt第3章B

Slide 8
Distribution Shape: Skewness
Example: Apartment Rents Seventy efficiency apartments were randomly
sampled in a college town. The monthly rent prices for the apartments are listed below in ascending order.
Slide 12
z-Scores
Example: Apartment Rents
• z-Score of Smallest Value (425)
z xi x 425 490.80 1.20
s
54.74
Standardized Values for Apartment Rents
Skewness
n

xi

x
3
(n 1)(n 2) s
Skewness can be easily computed using statistical software.
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Slide 9
Distribution Shape: Skewness
Example: Apartment Rents
Relative Frequency

《企业经营统计学》-课程教学大纲

《企业经营统计学》课程教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程代码：18060492课程名称：企业经营统计学英文名称：Business Statistics课程类型：专业必修课学时：32学分：2适应对象：经济统计学本科专业考核方式：考试先修课程：统计学、宏微观经济学、微积分二、课程简介紧抓课程改革核心环节，不断提升教学质量，将“课程思政”作为融合德育与智育的融合主渠道，是逐步实现“立德树人”的综合教育理念的前进方向。

企业经营统计是统计学在微观领域中的一个应用分支，是对企业经济现象总体数量方面和数量关系进行研究，反映企业经济现象的发展过程及其规律性的一门学科。

企业经营统计学作为一门从总体数量方面研究市场经济条件下企业生产经营活动的情况、过程和效果的方法论科学，具有总体性、具体性和数量性的特点。

企业经营统计学是统计学方法技术与企业经济理论结合的交叉学科，它是一门部门统计学，是社会经济统计学的一个分支，是企业经济统计工作实践经验的理论概括。

它介绍了企业经济统计的调查、整理、分析与预测的统计基本理论方法，以及统计指标体系的设计。

主要内容包括：企业统计组织和工作、企业产出统计、企业产品品种与质量统计、企业人力资源统计方法、企业外部经济环境与企业内部生产经营条件统计、企业绩效评价和综合评价等统计内容。

是经济统计专业本科学生的必修课程；特别是结合企业经济统计的相关理论和方法对市场经济变革中的一系列新情况、新变化和新成果作了重点介绍，以便让学生了解和掌握企业经济统计学的基本理论、基本方法、发展趋势和发展规律。

三、教学目标《企业经营统计学》是教育部规定的高校统计学专业的主干课程之一。

是一门理论性强、涉及面广，既重视理论方法教学，又讲究实际操作的统计专业课程。

是统计专业学生，打好专业基础理论，锻炼实践能力，积累统计工作经验的好的途径。

历来受到各类财经院校统计教学的重视。

为了使学生掌握市场经济条件下，企业生产经营活动的状况等数据资料的搜集加工、分析及预测方法，本课程将理论联系实际，在统计理论基础上阐述统计方法在企业经营管理中的应用，重点体现企业经济统计学的应用性的特点。

应用统计学英文课件 Business Statistics Ch03 Numerical Descriptive Measures

Me pd oi s a n in 1 tp io on is n tih o tie r od d ne arte 2
If the number of values is odd, the median is the middle number
Business Statistics: A First Course, 5e © 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Standard Deviation
Coefficient of Variation
Business Statistics: A First Course, 5e © 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Same center, different variation
Chap 3-16
Measures of Variation: The Range
In some situations it makes sense to report both the mean and the median.
Business Statistics: A First Course, 5e © 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Chap 3-14
12.3 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.2
Hale Waihona Puke x x1.3 21.1 21.21.3 21.21.22
n
5
Th meeaneiv s1o2lo .u 2zm 2 .
Measures of Central Tendency:
The Mean
(continued)
The most common measure of central tendency

商务统计学ppt课件

一、什么是统计二、什么是统计学三、统计规律四、统计的应用领域
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什么是统计？
1、统计工作
收集数据的活动
2、统计数据
对现象计量的结果
3、统计学
分析数据的方法和技术
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什么是统计学？
➢收集、分析、表述和解释数据的科学 1、收集数据：取得数据 2、数据分析：分析数据 3、数据表述：图表展示数据 4、数据解释：结果的说明
一、分类数据、顺序数据、数值型数据二、观测数据和实验数据三、截面数据和时间序列数据
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什么是统计数据？
1、对现象进行计量的结果 2、不是指单个的数字，而是由多个数据构成的数据
集 3、不仅仅是指数字，它可以是数字的，也可以是文
字的
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统计数据的分类
统计数据的分类
按计量层次
商务统计学 Business Statistics
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参考书籍：
• 商务统计学戴维.M.莱文等著贾俊平改编
•
中国人民大学出版社
• 统计学原理谢启南主编暨南大学出版社
• 统计学原理贾俊平中国人民大学出版社
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成绩评定方法
• 1.闭卷考试成绩（70%） • 2.平时作业、考勤和上机。（30%）
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变量（variable）
1、说明现象某种特征的概念
如商品销售额、受教育程度、产品的质量等级等变量的具体表现称为变量值，即数据
2、变量可以分为
分类变量（categorical variable）：说明事物类别的一个名称顺序变量（rank variable）：说明事物有序类别的一个名称数值型变量（metric variable）：说明事物数字特征的一个名

ALevelBusiness商务研究关键考点KeyTerms

Key Terms直接考定义、定义加content、只考相关content Consumer products 1 消费品Capital and intermediate goods 1 资本物品/中间物品Added value 1 2014 附加值Entrepreneur 2 企业家Social enterprise 3 2015 社会企业Primary sector 6 2015 第一产业Secondary sector 6 第二产业Tertiary sector 6 第三产业Private sector 7 私人部门/私营企业Public sector 7 2015 公共部门Privatisation 8 私有化Internal growth 15 2015 内部成长External growth 15 外部成长Corporate aim 20 公司宗旨Corporate objectives 20 2015 公司经营目标Mission statement 20 实名陈述Divisional/Departmental objectives 20 分部门目标Strategies 20 策略Management by objectives 21 目标管理Ethics 22 2014 企业道德规范Ethical code 22 2014 企业道德章程Stakeholder 25 2015 利益相关者Stakeholder concept 25Corporate social responsibility (CSR) 27 2015 2014 企业社会责任Social audit 28 社会责任审核Information technology 33 IT 信息技术Computer Aided Design(CAD) 33 计算机辅助设计Computer Aided Manufacturing(CAM) 33 计算机辅助制造Environmental audit 34 环境审核Pressure group 34 环境压力团体（环保组织）Economic growth 38 经济增长Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 38 国内生产总值Business cycle 38 经济周期/商业周期Recession 38 经济衰退Income elasticity of demand 38 收入需求弹性Inflation 38 2014 通货膨胀Unemployment 38 失业Cyclical unemployment 38 周期性失业Structural unemployment 38 结构性失业Frictional unemployment 38 摩擦性失业Fiscal policy 39 财政政策Monetary policy 39 货币政策Exchange rate 40 汇率Exchange rate appreciation 40 汇率升值Exchange rate depreciation 40 汇率贬值Manager 44 2015 经理Leadership 45 2015 领导力Worker’s representative 45 工人代表Leadership style 46 2014 领袖风格Autocratic leadership 46 专制型领导Laissez-faire leadership 46 放任式领导Democratic leadership 46 民主式领导Theory X managers 46 2014 X理论型管理者Theory Y managers 46 2014 Y理论型管理者Informal leadership 47 非正式性领导Emotional intelligence (EI) 47 2015 情商Motivation 49 2014 动机Self-actualisation 50 自我实现Job enrichment 51 职务丰富化（深度）Hygiene factors 51Motivating facors (motivators) 51 激发因素Valence 51Expectancy 51 期望Instrumentality 51Hourly wage rate 52 计时工资Piece rate 52 计件工资Salary 52 薪资Commission 52 销售提成Performance-related pay 52 绩效工资Profit sharing 52 利润分成Job rotation 53 轮岗Job enlargement 53 职务扩大化（广度）Job enrichment 53 职务丰富化（深度）Job redesign 53 职务再设计Quality circles 53 工人互助会/小组Worker participation 53 工作参与Team working 53 2014 团队化工作Human Resource Management 55 2015 2014 人力资源管理Hard HRM 55Soft HRM 55Workforce planning 56 2015 2014 劳动力使用规划Workforce audit 56 劳动力审查/考核Recruitment 57 2015 招聘Job description 57 职位描述Person specification 57 岗位具体要求Training 57 培训On-the -job training 57 在岗培训（岗位内培训）Induction training 57 入职培训Staff appraisal 57 工作评定Dismissal 58 解雇Unfair dismissal 58 不当解聘Redundancy 58 人员冗余Employment contract 59 劳动合同Temporary employment contract 59 短期/固定期劳动合同Part-time contract 59 兼职合同Flexi-time contract 59 弹性劳动合同（可伸缩劳动时间）Outsourcing 59 外包Trade union 64 工会Trade union recognition 65 雇方与工会的谈判Single union agreement 65 雇方只与一个工会谈判No-strike agreement 65 非罢工性协商Industrial action 65 工会措施Conciliation 65 劳动调解（第三方）Arbitration 65 劳动仲裁Level of hierarchy 68 工作层级Chain of command 68 指令链条Span of control 68 组织层级Matrix structure 69 矩阵结构Delegation 70 2015 授权Centralisation 70 集权Decentralisation 70 权力下放（分权）Line managers 71 基层经理（直线管理人员）Satff managers 71 人事经理Delayering 71 去层级化Effective communication 75 有效沟通Communication media 75 沟通媒介Communication barriers 76 沟通障碍One way 76 单向传达（群发式）Two way 76 双向沟通Marketing 80 2015 营销Consumer market s 80 2014 消费品市场Industrial market 80 工业品市场Marketing objectives 81 市场目标Market orientation 82 市场定位Product orientation 82 产品定位Asset led marketing 82 资产主导营销Societal marketing 82 社会营销Demand 82 需求Supply 82 供给Equilibrium price 82 均衡价格Market size 83 市场规模Market growth 83 市场规模增长率Market share 83 2015 市场份额Market share% 83 市场份额百分比Niche marketing 84 2014 细分市场Mass marketing 84 2015 大众市场Market segmentation 85 2014 市场划分Market segment 85 市场分区Consumer pro 消费者概况Market research 88 2014 市场调查Primary research 88 第一手调查Secondary research 88 第二手调查Qualitative research 88 定性调查Quantitative research 88 定量调查Focus group 89 目标群体Sample 89 抽样Random sample 89 随机抽样Systematic sample 89 系统抽样Stratified sampling 89 分层抽样Quota sampling 89 定额抽样Cluster sampling 89 分组抽样Open questions 90 开放式问题Closed questions 90 封闭式问题Range 92 区间范围Interquartile range 92 四分间距Marketing mix 94 2015 2014 销售计划Customer relationship marketing 95 客户关系营销Product life cycle 96 产品生命周期Price Elasticity of Demand(PED) 96 2015 需求价格弹性Promotion 101 促销Above the line promotion 101 2015 线上推广Below the line promotion 101 2015 线下推广Promotion mix 101 推广手段组合Advertising 101 2015 广告Sales promotion 101 2015 促销Promotional budget 102 促销预算Viral marketing 103 病毒式营销Channel of distribution 104 分销渠道Integrated marketing mix 104 整合营销组合Marketing plan 107 营销计划AIDA(Attention-Interest-Desire-Action) 109 艾达公式DAGMAR(Defining Advertising Goal for Measured AdvertisingResults) 109 广告效果评估体系New Product Development(NPD) 109 新产品开发Generate new product ideas 110 产生新产品创意Idea screening 110 创意筛选Concept development and testing 110 概念开发与测试Business analysis 110 业务分析Product testing 110 产品检测Test marketing 110 市场投放测试Commercialisation 110 商业化（全面投放)Research and Development (R and D) 110 新产品的调研与改进Globalisation114 全球化Multinational corporations 114 跨国公司International marketing 114 2014 国际市场营销Pan-global marketing 115 全球营销Global localisation 115 产品本地化Added value 119 附加值Production 119 生产Level of production 119 生产水平Efficiency 119 2015 效率Productivity 119 生产能力Labour intensive 119 2015 劳动力密集型Capital intensive 119 资本密集型Effectiveness 120 2015 2014 有效性（生产经营的有效性）Operations planning 123 2014 运营计划Operational flexibility 123 运营的灵活性Job production 123 2014 定制化生产Batch production 123 2015 2014 分批生产/间歇式生产Flow production 123 流水线生产Mass customisation 123 2014 大规模定制Process innovation 123 2015 流程创新Optimal location 125 最佳位置Quantitative factors 125 定量因素Qualitative factors 125 非定量因素Offshoring 125 海外建厂Multinational 125 跨国企业Trade barriers 125 贸易壁垒CAD 125 计算机辅助设计CAM 125 计算机辅助制造Scale of operation 126 经营规模Economies of scale 126 2015 规模经济Diseconomies of scale 126 2015 规模不经济Enterprise resource planning 127 企业资源计划Supply chain 127 供应链Inventory(stock) 131 **** **** 存货Economic order quantity 132 经济订货批量Buffer stocks 132 调节性库存储备Re-order quantity 132 再订购量Lead time 132 订货到交货的时间Just-in Time 132 即时生产Capacity utilisation 137 2015 产能利用率Excess capacity 137 闲置产能Rationalisation 138 减支Full capacity 138 极限产能/充分产能Capacity shortage 138 产能不足Outsourcing 138 外包Business Process Outsourcing(BPO) 138 经营流程外包（局部外包）Core activity 138 核心业务Lean production 142 精益生产Simultaneous engineering 142 并列工序Cell production 142 单元生产Kaizen 143 不断改进提高Quality product 144 优质产品Quality standards 144 品质标准Quality control 144 品控Quality assurance 144 品质保证TQM(Total Quality Management) 144 全面质量管理Internal customers 144 内部顾客Zero defects 144 零瑕疵ISO9000 144 国际标准体系Benchmarking 144 标杆学习Project 147 项目Project management 147 项目管理Critical path analysis 148 关键路径Network diagram 148 网络图Critical path 148 关键步骤Node 148 节点EST(Earliest Start Time) 148 最早开始时间LFT(Latest Finish Time) 148 最晚完成时间Total Float 148 2015 总机动时间Free Float 148 自由浮动时间Start up capital 152 启动资本Capital expenditure 152 资本性支出Revenue expenditure 152收益性支出Working capital 153 营运资本Liquidity 153 **** **** 流动性/流动资金Liquidation 153 清算Overdraft 155 2015 透支Factoring 155 保理/托收保付Long term loans 155 长期贷款Equity finance 155 权益融资Long term bonds/debentures 155 长期债券Rights issue 155 增股Venture capital 155 VC风险投资Business plan 156 商业计划书Cash 159 现金Cash flow 159 2015 现金流入量Cash inflows 159 现金流入Cash outflows 159 现金流出Liquidation 159 清算Insolvent 159 破产Cash flow forecast 160 2015 现金流量预测Overtrading 161 过度交易Debtors 163 债务人；借方Creditors 163 债权人；贷方Credit control 164 信用控制Bad debt 164 坏账Direct costs 166 **** **** 直接成本Indirect costs 166 间接成本Fixed costs 166 固定成本Variable costs 166 可变成本Break-even point of production 167 2015 2014 生产的盈亏平衡点Margin of safety 167 安全边际Cost centre 168 成本中心Profit centre 168 利润中心Overheads 168 杂项开支；日常管理费用Income statement 174 2015 损益表Balance sheet 175 资产负债表Budget 181 预算Budget holder 181 预算负责人Delegated budget 181 委派预算Incremental budgeting 182 增量预算Zero budgeting 182 零基预算Flexible budgets 182 弹性预算Variance 183 变动Favourable variance 183 有利差异（顺差）Adverse variance 183 不利差异Goodwill 185 商誉Intellectual property 185 知识产权Market value of company 185 公司市值Capital expenditure 185 资本性支出Revenue expenditure 186 收益性支出Depreciation 186 折旧；贬值Net realisable value 186 可变现净值Straight line depreciation 187 直线折旧法Net book value 187 NBV 账面净值Investment appraisal 195 投资估价Forecasted net cash flows 196 预测现金净流入量Criterion rate 196Criterion level 196Net Present Value(NPV) 197 2014 净现值Internal rate of return 198 内部收益率Corporate strategy 201 公司战略Tactical decision 202 战术决策Strategic management 202 战略管理Competitive advantage 203 竞争优势SWOT analysis 206 SWOT分析PEST analysis 207 PEST分析Vision statement 208 愿景陈述Mission statement 208 使命陈述Boston Matrix 208 波士顿矩阵Core competence 210 核心竞争力Core product 210 核心产品Ansoff’s Matrix 213 安索夫矩阵Force-field analysis 214 力场分析Decision tree 215 决策树Strategic implementation 219 战略实施Business plan 219 商业计划书Corporate culture 221 2014 企业文化Change management 222 2015 变革管理Project groups 223 项目组Project champions 223 项目负责人Contingency planning 223 应急计划2015PAPER1Style of business leadership 2015Business relocation 2015Finance expansion 2015Franchise 2015Benefits of becoming a franchisee 2015Cash flow vs. Profit 2015Using overdraft as a way of managing its cash flow 2015 Niche marketing and mass marketing 2015Marketing 2015Social enterprise 2015Emotional intelligence 2015How a business could improve its cash flow 2015Public limited company 2015Usefulness of the income statement for a public limited company 2015Usefulness of accounting ratios for assessing business performance 2015Product differentiation 2015Importance of having an effective system of recruitment for a business 2015External recruitment vs. Internal promotion 2015 Stakeholder 2015Two ways a public limited company is accountable to its stakeholders 2015Process innovation 2015Two ways a manufacturing business could use process innovation to improve efficiency and effectiveness 2015 How cost data can be used to monitor and improve business performance 2015Management 2015Roles of management 2015‘above the line’and ‘below the line’methods of promotion 2015Importance of branding for effective product promotion 2015Factors 2015Factors that could affect the decision on how to finance this investment 2015Why a business might have a high rate of labour turnover 2015How to solve the problem of passenger complaints about poor customer service 2015PAPER2Internal growth 2015Internal recruitment 2015Forecast current ratio 2015Liquidity forecast 2015Factors that should be considered when choosing new director 2015Marketing mix 2015Market share 2015Efficiency 2015Closing balance 2015Usefulness of cash flow forecasting 2015Benefits of setting business objectives for the short,medium and long term 2015Inventory control 2015Direct cost 2015Equity 2015Break even 2015Portfolio analysis 2015External finance 2015Inventory 2015Labour turnover 2015Disadvantages of high labour turnover 2015How to solve human resource problems 2015Importance of corporate responsibility 2015Economies of scale 2015Inventory control 2015Price elasticity of demand 2015Usefulness of price elasticity of demand 2015Financial problems 2015Importance of applying the concepts of the 4Cs to improve the relationship between company and customers 2015 Unit cost 2015Labour intensive 2015Calculation about break even 2015Usefulness of break-even 2015Analyse the factors that might influence the success of the company 2015PAPER3Evaluation of an extensive product portfolio 2015 Calculate gearing ratio 2015Current dividend 2015Proposed dividend 2015Sources of finance used to pay for the new factory 2015 How to choose sites for the new factory 2015Importance of corporate social responsibility when aiming to maximise shareholder value 2015Effective management of human resources 2015SWOT and PEST 2015How the directors could ensure the future strategic changes are implemented successfully 2015Benefits and limitations of the level of delegation 2015 Calculate capacity utilisation 2015Calculate average cost 2015Calculate the net profit margin 2015Ways in which the net profit margin could be increased 2015Problems that the company might experience if it buys another company 2015Discuss whether the company should always consider the interests of stakeholders as more important than profit 2015Importance of several data 2015Discuss how the strategy of entering the new market could be effectively implemented by directors 2015Benefits of effective internal communication 2015 Calculate the total float 2015Usefulness of critical path analysis when managing the change in the production line 2015Calculate the total contribution of (2015)Calculate promotional elasticity of demand 2015 Calculate price elasticity of demand 2015Whether the company should reduce price or increase promotional expenditure in order to increase sales. 2015 CSR 2015Whether the data is sufficient to enable the company to develop an effective strategic plan 2015Importance of the effective management of change for the future success 20152014PAPER1Marketing mixImportance of place with the marketing mixLabour turnoverExplain ways human resource management could help a business achieve its objectivesImportance of cash flow forecastingOperations managementExplain how changes in technology could affect the operations management of a businessDifferences between the motivation theories of Maslow and HerzbergDiscuss the view that a successful business needs both effective managers and effective leadersDifferences between batch production and flow production methodsDiscuss the implications for a manufacturing business of changing from batch production to flow productionMarket segmentationBriefly explain ways a hotel could segment the market for hotel accommodationState the formula for one accounting ratio that could be used to measure the liquidity of a businessBriefly explain two factors that could affect the profitability of a businessExplain why the objectives of a business could change over timeValue addedExplain ways operations management could contribute to the success of a businessDifferences between McGregor’s ‘Theory X’ and ‘Theory Y’Benefits of team working for production workers and managersHow a cell phone manufacturer could assess the effectiveness of its market research expenditureHow the effectiveness of the operations management function can be influenced by human resource managementHow the actions of competitors could influence the operations management decisions of a manufacturerNiche marketingDisadvantages of a niche marketing strategyDisciplinary procedureReasons why disciplinary procedures are important for a business when managing its employeesExplain factors that could affect the level of inventory held by a businessBreak-evenUses of break-even analysis for a manufacturing business Why a business could decide to use only non-financial rewards to improve the motivation of its workforceDiscuss the view that effective workforce planning is a necessary requirement for successful business performance Advantages and drawbacks for a business of setting corporate responsibility objectivesHow the main differences between the legal structures of a sole traders and public limited companies affect the way such business are financedHow cost information could be used to monitor and improve the performance of a hotel businessPAPER2Dynamic pricingTrade receivablesCalculate labour productivityComment on changes in productivityAnalyse the changes in liquidityDiscuss the view that the company should have corporate responsibility as a business objectivesPublic limited companyDirect costsCalculate market shareWhy maintaining market share might not be a suitable objectivesAnalyse the likely impact on competitiveness of the proposed changes to its marketing mixDiscuss the extent to which the new employment contracts will help TQ improve its performanceConsumer market4PsCalculate the labour turnover rateSuitable method for reducing labour turnoverImpact on profits resulting from moving into international marketsImpact on stakeholders of a change from batch production to mass customisationJob productionJITAdvantage and disadvantage to the employees of being a co-operativeAnalyse possible sources of finance suitable for opening the new shopEvaluate the leadership style used by the Managing Director. Portfolio analysisInventoryUsing data, analyse the impact on forecast liquidity if the company decides to expand the businessAnalyse one factor that will influence the likely success of the proposal to reduce pricesDiscuss what the partner should do about the fall in motivation of managers and employeesPrice discrimination4CsCalculate retained profitComment on the trend in retained profitAnalyse the factors that the company needs to consider when deciding whether to relocate the call centre back to country X Discuss the extent to which the company is behavingunethicallyPAPER3Benefits of operating ethically towards its stakeholders Calculate gross profit marginCalculate net profit marginRecommend a marketing plan which could increase profit marginsImpact on employee efficiency of increased use of technology Calculate payback periodCalculate net present value(NPV)Using information, assess whether the company should go ahead with Strategy ARecommend an improved organisational structure for the Research and Development departmetnAssess the usefulness to directors of the data and the other information provided when making the strategic decision whether to take over another companyHow to change the corporate culture if the company takes over another companyAnalyse how the Government’s policies to cut the rate of inflation are likely to affect the companyCalculate pay back periodCalculate NPV at a discount rate of 12%Using information,discuss whether further research and development expenditure is advisableEvaluate the sources of finance the company could consider for the development of the siteCalculate the expected monetary values for the 3 options Using information,recommend which of the 3 options for the site should be chosen.Discuss whether the company should be more accountable to its stakeholders by reporting on its CSR activities in its Annual ReportDiscuss how the strategic decision to close a factory should be implementedEvaluate the extent to which more effective long term planning might influence the company’s future success Analyse the advantage to the company of market segmentationDiscuss the factors that are likely to influence the decision of whether to introduce JIT inventory controlCalculate average rate of return(ARR)Calculate net present value(NPV)Using information,recommend whether the company shouldinvest in..Discuss whether the company should consider increasing its pay offer to employeesRefer to the data.Evaluate how the forecast changes macroeconomic performance might influence the company’s future profitabilityEvaluate the importance of planning in company’s strategy Evaluate how strategic analysis might aid company’s management when taking strategic decisionsPortfolio analysis 2015 2014Price discirmination 20144Ps 2015 20144Cs 2015 2014Profit margin 2015 2014Gross profit margin 2014 毛利率Net profit margin 2014Efficiency 2015Employee efficiency 2014Payback period 2014Organisational structure 2014Expected monetary values 2014Long term planning 2014Average rate of return 2014 Strategic decision 2014 Strategic analysis 2014 Dynamic pricing 2014 Trade receivables 2014 Labour productivity 2014。

A级期刊分类

OxfordJournal of Legal Studies
Stanford Law Review
Yale Law Journal
Harvard Law Review
B
American Journal of Comparative Law
CambridgeLaw Journal
ChinaLaw Report
Resources and Energy
Scandinavian Journal of Economics
Southern Economic Journal
World Economy
5.管理信息系统（MIS）
类别
刊物名称
A
Communications of the ACM
Journal of Management Information Systems
ChinaEconomic Review
Economic Development & Cultural Change
Economic Inquiry
Economica
Economic Theory
Economics Letters
Games＆Economic Behavior
International Journal of Game Theory
Osgoode—Hall Law Journal
Stanford Journal of International Law
Sydney Law Review
UCLAPacificBasinLaw Journal
UniversityofPennsylvaniaJournal of International Economic Law

Pearson LCCI Level 3 商业统计学指南说明书

Pearson LCCI Level 3 Certificate in Business Statistics (ASE20100) Reading and resource suggestions (Extracted from the Teacher’s Delivery Guide)Chapter 6Further reading and resource suggestionsText books that cover all aspects of the syllabuscation.Pearson LCCI Level 3 Certificate in Business Statistics (ASE20100): Teacher’s Delivery Guide36●Louise Swift and Sally Pitt (2014) Qu antitative Methods for Bu siness, Management and FinanceISBN: 978-1-137-37655 Palgrave Macmillan●Gordon Bancroft and George O’Sullivan (2000) Foundations in Quantitative Business TechniquesISBN: 007-709468-9 McGraw-Hill●Alan Anderson (2013) Business Statistics for DummiesISBN: 978-1-118-63069-3 John Wiley & Sons●Glyn Davis and Branko Pecar (2013) Business Statistics using ExcelISBN: 978-0-19-965951-7 Oxford University Press●David M Levene, Timothy C Kehbiel et al (2012) Business StatisticsISBN: 978-0-273-77092-3 Pearson●Norman Sharpe and Richard D De Veaux et al (2010) Business StatisticsISBN: 978-0321925831 PearsonHelpful websites – providing business data which can be used as a source for analysisTo get the most out of this qualification it is helpful if learners use real business data. Suchdata can be obtained from a variety of sources:●The internet as a source of official data●Government publications●NewspapersThere are a number of websites that contain useful data:●/The Office for N ational Statistics (ON S) produces and publishes a wide range of theinformation about Britain that can be used for social and economic policy making.Much of the data on which policy-makers depend is produced by ONS through a combi-nation of a decennial population census, samples and surveys and analysis of datagenerated by businesses and organisations such as the National Health Service. Bothits publications and its publicly available raw data, available free, are reported anddiscussed daily in the media as the basis for the public’s understanding of the countryin which they live.Similar information can be found on similar sites for other countries:●.my/Detailed information on Malaysian GDP, consumer and producer prices, trade andindustry.●/english/statisticaldataNational Bureau of Statistics of ChinaChapter 6 Further reading and resource suggestions37Other helpful websites include:●https://UK labour market statistics●/news/This is a website that can access international newspapers containing a range of inter-esting data.Student and tutor resources on business statistics from internet websitesThe following websites can be used as a further resource in developing knowledge about the various topics studied for the Business Statistics Certificates. These websites are generic websites that tend to develop a range of mathematical and statistical topics, some of which are relevant to the Certificates in Business Statistics.●/Relevant topics include graphing distributions, summarising distributions, describing bivariate data, probability●/Relevant topics include handling data probability, averages, sampling, standard deviation ●/courses/business/statisticsRelevant topics include frequency tables, probability, sampling techniques●/statistics-resources-for-businesses-and- educators.htmlRelevant topics include descriptive statistics, probability concepts, data collection。

商务统计英文课件 (17)

1.2 Previews
Timeplot of Employment Data
1.2 Previews
Linear Pattern and Region of Uncertainty
1.2 Previews
Conclusions
§ Extrapolating the pattern (line) into the future provides a forecast for October
§ Statistics provides methods to handle variation
1.1 What is Statistics?
Patterns and Models
§ Patterns are systematic or predictable features in data
§ Statistical models break down variation into a pattern and unexplained variation
Line and Region of Uncertainty
1.2 Previews
Conclusions
§ The range of uncertainty is so wide because factors other than mileage affect price
§ This model uses all of the data to answer the question about one used car (borrowing strength)
Approach § Mechanics: Do the Analysis § Message: Summarize the Results