上海市金山区学大教育进修学校牡丹江路校区高中英语复习专题词汇和语法

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上海市金山区学大教育进修学校牡丹江路校区高中英语音

语音词汇和语法一．与元音字母A相关的单词：1．/ei/ a在开音节中：发字母音，后面有不发音的eface脸； grade年级；cake蛋糕； lake湖; make制造；take拿到；snake蛇； name名字; same相同；plane飞机；grapes葡萄；date日期; Kate 凯特；plate盘子;2．/æ/ a在闭音节中：black黑色的；dad爸爸；sad悲伤的；bag书包；am是；Sam萨姆lamp灯； an一（个---）；can能； fan电风扇；man男人；and和； hand手；thank感谢； map地图； has有; cat猫；fat肥胖的；that那个；hat帽子；rabbit兔子 family家庭 camel骆驼3．/a:/ ar组合：car小汽车；far远的；star星星；card卡片;scarf围巾;marker水彩笔market市场; department store百货商店; apartment building公寓；hard努力地，硬的；park公园；arm胳臂；farm农场；4．/ei/ ai组合；tail尾巴； rainy下雨的； train火车；wait等；waiter男服务员； waitress女服务员5．/ɛə/ air组合：air空气；hair头发；chair椅子 stairs楼梯6．/ei/ ay组合：day天，日；today今天；play玩；may可以；May五月；say说；way道路，方法； stay逗留7. /i/ ay组合：Sunday 星期日 Monday星期一 Tuesday星期二 Wednesday星期三Thursday星期四 Friday星期五 Saturday星期六8．/ɔ:/ al组合：talk说话；walk走；chalk粉笔；9. /ɔ:l/ all组合：all所有的 ball球；small小的；tall高的；wall墙; mall大厅；call称呼，打电话； fall秋天，跌落10．/ a:s /as或ass组合ask问；class班级；glass玻璃杯；pass传递；grass草；last最后的；11. /ɔ/ awash 洗 what什么 watch看，手表 want 想要12. /ɔ:/ aw组合paws爪子 draw画二．与元音字母E相关的单词：1．/i:/ e在开音节中：发字母音be是；he他；she她；me我；we我们； these这些；Chinese汉语；2．/e/ e在闭音节中：bed 床； red红色的； leg腿； spell拼写； hen母鸡； then那么；when什么时候； pen钢笔； ten十； dress女裙； let让；3．/iə/ ere组合；here这儿4. /ɛə/ ere组合there 那儿；where哪儿4．/i:/ ea组合；sea 海洋；tea茶；peach桃子；teacher教师；read读； please请；eat吃；meat肉；seat座位; beak鸟嘴 dream做梦 leaves树叶5．/e/ ea组合；head头；bread面包；feather羽毛； weather天气；6．/iə/ ear组合：ear耳朵； dear亲爱的； hear听见; near在……附近7．/ɛə/ ear组合：bear熊；pear梨8．/ɜ:/ ear组合：early早； year年；learn学，学会9．/i:/ ee组合：bee 蜜蜂；three三；tree树；see看见；need需要; week周，一星期feel感觉； gre en绿色；thirteen十三； sheep绵羊； sleep睡觉；feet脚（复数）；meet遇见； feed喂养三．与元音字母I相关的单词：1．/ai/ i在开音节中：发字母音hi 喂； I我； ice冰；nice好的；rice米饭；ride骑；beside在---旁边；bike自行车； like喜欢；time时间；fine（身体）好； nine九；white白色的； write写； kite风筝； five五；drive驾驶inside在……里面 out side在……外面2．/i/ i在闭音节中： which 哪一个；chick小鸡；sick病的； big大的；pig猪；milk牛奶；him他； swim游泳； in在---里面； begin开始； sing唱歌；pink粉红色；drink喝；ship轮船； is是； his他的；this这个；fish鱼； Miss女士； it它； sit坐；six六3．/ɜ:/ ir组合：bird鸟； shirt（男）衬衫； skirt短裙 sir先生girl 女孩 circle圆圈 thirty三十 thirteen十三 thirsty渴的四．与元音字母O相关的单词：1．/əu / o在开音节中：发字母音go去；no不；so这样，这么；phone电话机；those那些；close关nose鼻子； rose玫瑰花; home家; rope绳子; hole洞2．/ɔ/ o在闭音节中；clock钟； dog狗； on在---上面； long长的； song歌曲；shop商店； stop停止； hot热的； not不；donkey驴; hop双脚跳orange橘子; ostrich鸵鸟; rock岩石3. /ʌ/ omother妈妈; brother哥哥，弟弟; come来; some一些; other其他的 stomach胃，肚子; Monday星期一; monkey猴子4．/ɔ:/ or组合：or 或者;for为了；short短的,矮的；forty四十；ho rse马；store商店5．/əu / oa组合；road 路； boat小船； coat上衣； goat山羊； soap香皂6．/u: / oo组合；too也；zoo动物园；cool凉的；school学校；room房间；moon月亮；afternoon 下午； spoon汤勺； kangaroo袋鼠7．/ u / oo组合：good好的；foot脚；classroom教师；look看；book书；cookies饼干好脚丫在教室看书。

上海高一上册教师辅导讲义-同步词汇整理

牛津高一上学期同步词汇梳理Unit 11．glance v【词组】at a glance一眼就……【翻译】他一眼就看出来她哭过了。

He saw at a glance that she had been crying．【词组】glance at一瞥；扫视她匆匆看了一下手表就匆忙地赶去办公室。

She glanced at the watch and hurried to the office．2．senior adj．【词组】be senior to比…年长(级别或地位高)【翻译】她比我大三岁。

She is three years senior to me．【反义词】（质量等）低劣的，下级的inferior3. prefer v【词组】prefer A to B喜欢A胜过喜欢B【翻译】比起喝咖啡，我更喜欢喝茶。

I prefer tea to coffee．【词组】prefer doing A to doing B比起做B来更喜欢做A【翻译】比起看电视，我更喜欢打篮球。

I prefer playing basketball to watching TV．【词组】prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿……而不…【翻译】他宁愿租一辆车也不愿意买一辆。

He prefers to rent a car rather than buy one．4．communicate v【词组】communicate with 与……交流communicate to 传达；传递【翻译】任何知情人都被要求和警方联系。

·Anyone that knows anything about the crime is required to communicate with the police．5. impression n.【词组】give/make/leave a ... impression on somebody 给某人留下…的印象【翻译】这座现代化的城市给游客们留下了美好的印象。

上海市金山区学大教育进修学校牡丹江路校区高中英语复习专题改写句子

上海市金山区学大教育进修学校牡丹江路校区高中英语复习专题改写句子改写句子SECTION 解题秘籍（14年增加连词成句部分）例：us, teaches, English, Mr Lee . （连词成句）_________________________________1. 肯定句<--->否定句：常考的考点：have 、do句型提取助动词+ 动词原形：do/did/does + V原形特例1：现在完成时have/has been --> have/has not been1.He has been there.(改否定句) He _____ _____ there.2.Jake has already downloaded many free games from the App store. (改为否定句)Jake ________ downloaded many free games from the App store ________.特例2：一般将来时will do ---> won’t do1. (13黄浦)The charity organization will receive some money from the local gove rnment next year. (改为否定句)The charity organization _____ receive _____ money from the local government ne xt year.特例3: had better do ---> had better not do (would rather (not) do)2. 反义疑问句：常考的考点：带有否定副词的句子。

秘籍:前肯后否，前否后肯。

I. 信号词never, seldom, hardly, rarely, few/little 功能上= notII. 注意用代词 Mr.Smith and his wife 用代词-->theyHer parents seldom went to work, _____ _____?III. 注意句子的整体理解（13闸北）They tried everything they cou ld to improve the situation. (改为反意疑问句)They tried everything they could to improve the situation,_________ _________?3. 主动语态变被动语态常考的考点：一.现、一.过、一将以及含有情态动词的被动语态。

上海高三英语教师辅导讲义语法

年级：高三课时数： 3学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课类型 C 专题-语法填空固定搭配和语法解析星级★★★教学目标能掌握语法填空中的主要考点和常用固定搭配(1). The sun was setting down when my car ______ ( break ) down near a remote and poor village . ( 07广东) ( broke )(2). Being too anxious to help an event develop often ________ ( result ) in the contrary to our intention. （08广东）( results )(3).People stepped on your feet or ______ ( push ) you with their elbows.（09广东）(pushed )(4).“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane ________ ( inform ).（09广东）( was informed )(5).After a four-day journey, the young man ______ ( present ) the water to the old man.（10广东）( presented )(6). He ______( pretend ) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.（11广东）（was pretending ）18.________________________________________________________答案：派生词（词性变换）批注：提醒学生常用前后缀(1). Most of the _______( Africa ) are still living in poverty. （Americans ）(2). China’s ___________ ( develop) of economy needs more careful planning. ( development )(3). Can you tell me the ______ ( long) of the Great Wall ?( length )(4). I’m very thankful for your ________ ( help ) me.( helping)(5). Going out for a part-time job can ______ ( rich ) one’s social ex perience. ( enrich )(6). He ______ ( achievement) a lot in the field of science in the past ten years.( has achieved)(7). The article ________ ( simple ) to make it easy for students to understand.( has been simplified )(8). What’s the _______ ( ric h ) businessman in China ? ( richest )(9). He has become the ________( clever ) of the two. ( cleverer )(10.I hope the dream that becoming a _________ ( piano) will come true. ( pianist )(11). He is __________ ( comfort ) because he’s ill. ( uncomfortable )(12). I was sorry to find him ________ ( conscious ) of the importance of study.(unconscious )(13). The boy jumped up and down _________ ( happy) at the news. ( happily)(14). The old lady is _______ ( extreme ) glad to see her daughter come back.( extremely)(15). The lady was broken down by a car . _________ ( fortunate ) there was no one nearby. (unfortunately)(16). This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their ________ ( nature ) course. （08 广东）(natural )(17). But Jane knew from her past experience that her ________ ( choose ) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. （09 广东）(choice )19.________________________________________________________答案：冠词批注：1. 引导学生回顾冠词的基本用法，把握“特指”和“泛指”2. 1) . 如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“ 一个（本、种、杯------）” 时，一般填a/an.如果可翻译成“ 这、这些、那、那些”时，一般填the .2) . 泛指填a\an , 特指填the.3). 如果名词后面有: of 短语、不定式、分词或从句等做定语时可能填the.定冠词的用法比较不好记，下面的顺口溜或许能帮助大家。

上海市金山区学大教育进修学校牡丹江路校区高中英语复习专题词汇和语法

词汇与语法近几年主要考查冠词、介词、连词、动词时态、情态动词等，这部分考查的知识点是最多的，需要在平时的英语学习过程中积累，特别是重要动词的用法，近义动词和形容词的辨析，还有动词词组的辨析以及交际用语的应答。

复数形式的构成1）单复数同行的词Chinese\Japanese\deer\sheep\fish\means2）本身以s结尾的词数量表达只修饰可数名词的词组数量表达只修饰不可数名词的词组的用法结构主格宾格形容词性名词性表示时间表示自然现象表示距离作形式主语主动被动一般疑问句特殊疑问句反义疑问句选择疑问句祈使句条件时间原因结果比较让步目的连接词语序时态定语从句练习：1.—What can I do for you？—I’d like two _______.A. box of appleB. boxes of applesC. box of applesD. box es of apple Keys:B. （选择其它三项的同学要注意仔细看题。

不要马虎， box 和appl e都是可数名词）2. Help yourself to _________.A. some chickensB. a chickenC. some chickenD. any chickenKeys: C （选择A的同学要注意chicken当鸡肉讲时不可数）3. ________ it is today！A. What fine weatherB. What a fine weatherC. How a fine weatherD. How fine a weatherKeys: A.选择B的同学要注意weather不可数。

选择C和D的同学要注意weather是名词，要用what来感叹。

4.Which is the way to the __________？A. shoe factoryB. shoes factoryC. sho e’s facto ryD. shoes’ factoryKeys:A. （选择D的同学注意这里不是指名词所有格，而是名词作形容词的用法。

高中英语语法词汇专项指导

高三英语语法词汇专项指导2019年高考英语（上海卷）语法和词汇部分旨在考察考生的英语基础知识,以及在具体语境中正确理解和灵活运用语法和词汇等基础知识的能力。

从2014年起,语法部分启用新题型,即用短文填空的形式取代原来单句形式的多项选择题。

语法填空更加体现考生在语境中灵活运用语法知识的能力,着实是一个挑战。

一、考核要求：根据《上海市高中英语学科基本要求》中的规定,语法和词汇部分的具体考核内容如下：1. 语法填空：词法,包括动词时态语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、介词、代词、冠词等。

句法,包括简单句,主从复合句。

从句包括名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。

2. 十一选十：词汇的基本意义、常用搭配、语境中的运用、英语构词（合成、派生、转化）。

二、语法填空1.考点解读高考中的语法填空共10题,分为给括号关键词和不给关键词两种,根据考点分布可以用下面两张图呈现：值得注意的是,不给关键词时,一格限定只能填一词。

2.真题点播1) So ambition and the timely realization (21)________ he would have to determine "what's next" on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction.答案：that. 这里考察以that引导的同位语从句,首先要找到主句的谓语urged,主语为ambition and the timely realization, 同位语从句补充说明了realization的具体内容。

2) As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities (27) ________got him closer to his goal.答案：that／which,此题考察定语从句的使用。

上海高中辅导班高三英语语法填空专题训练及解题技巧

上海高中辅导班高三英语语法填空专题训练及解题技巧上海高中英语语法填空专练练及解题技巧解“语法填空”题的一般步骤是：一、浏览全文把握语篇浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。

在通读全文的过程中，为较好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材（语题）、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。

这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。

二、边读边填先易后难在通读全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。

填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”（已给出词语的除外）和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。

遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，等检查时再仔细对付，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。

三、验证复查清除难点有时间的话，进行复查是必要的。

复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。

另外，一题多解也是此种题型常遇到的问题之一。

技巧指导语法填空是近年来高考英语科新推出的一种题型，这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。

本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。

本人就这两种情况进行了深入的研究，总结出十三条语法填空的解题技巧。

一、已给单词提示题型的技巧此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。

单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。

在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。

技巧一：名词形式变化。

名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

例1：There are many students living at school, the＿＿(child)houses are all far from school. 由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格ehildren＇s。

高考英语考前必看——语法填空必备词汇总结共11页文档

bury埋葬-burial掩埋,葬礼;
calm(使)镇定-calmness平静,冷静,镇静-calm(海洋等)静的-calmly冷静地;
Canada加拿大-Canadian加拿大人-Canadian加拿大的;
care照顾,关心,喜欢-care关怀,照料,谨慎-carelessness粗心-careful细心的-careless粗心的-carefully细心地-carelessly粗心地
高考英语考前必看——语法填空必备词汇总结
宋以后，京师所设小学馆和武学堂中的教师称谓皆称之为“教谕”。至元明清之县学一律循之不变。明朝入选翰林院的进士之师称“教习”。到清末，学堂兴起，各科教师仍沿用“教习”一称。其实“教谕”在明清时还有学官一意，即主管县一级的教育生员。而相应府和州掌管教育生员者则谓“教授”和“学正”。“教授”“学正”和“教谕”的副手一律称“训导”。于民间，特别是汉代以后，对于在“校”或“学”中传授经学者也称为“经师”。在一些特定的讲学场合，比如书院、皇室，也称教师为“院长、西席、讲席”等。
Africa非洲-African非洲人-African非洲的,非洲人的;
analyze分析-analysis分析-analytic分析的-analytically分析地;
anger愤怒-angry生气的-angrily生气地;
annoy惹恼-annoyance烦恼-annoying讨厌的/annoyed恼怒的-annoyingly烦人地;
describe描述-description描述-descriptive描写的-descriptively叙述地
determine决定-determination决心-determined坚决的-determinedly决然地
convenience便利-convenient方便的-conveniently便利地

上海高中英语高一知识要点梳理[整理版]共34页

新世纪英语第一册Unit One OccupationsText (课文练习)Translate the following sentences into English（1）烹调有各种不同的方法。

(various)There are various ways of cooking .（2）我决定听从她的建议，早点儿睡觉。

(follow)I decided to follow her advice and went to bed early.（3）这支医疗队由两名外科医生和四名护士组成。

(make up of)The medical team is made up of two surgeons and four nurses.（4）你长大后想做什么？(grow up)What are you going to take up/ follow when you grow up?（5）警方怀疑这两起案件可能有关联。

(link)The police suspect that the two crimes may be linked.（6）第二起交通事故涉及两辆小汽车和一辆卡车。

（involve）The second accident involved two cars and a lorry.（7）律师仔细地将程序解释给我们听。

(explain)The lawyer carefully explained the procedure to us.（8）女孩的脸上带着幸福的笑容。

（wear）The girl is wearing a happy smile.（9）音乐会有大量的观众。

（audience）There was a large audience at the concert.（10）男孩比女孩在做警察方面更受到偏爱。

(favour)Boys are favoured over girls as policemen.（11）许多家庭收集报纸以废物利用。

上海市金山区学大教育进修学校牡丹江路校区高考英语模拟练习3

高考英语模拟练习3Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the clinic. B. At the airport. C. On the playground. D. Inthe prison.2. A. $2. B. $4. C. $12. D. $24.3. A. Customer and shop assistant. B. Mother and son.C. Husband and wife.D. Teacher and student.4. A. Decoration. B. Traffic. C. Space. D. Noise.5. A. Advertisements. B. TV programs. C. Shopping. D. Forms ofpastime.6. A. The man can see a different view. B. The food is not tasty enough.C. The man cannot afford the food.D. The food is worth the price.7. A. Some people tell a lot more than they know.B. Some people like to hide their thoughts.C. What the woman said is wrong.D. He knows more than the woman does.8. A. He is not equal to the job.B. He is not well paid for his work.C. He doesn’t think the job is challenging enough.D. He can not keep mind on his work.9. A. She shouldn’t listen to Mark anymore.B. She should pay little attention to what Mark says.C. She shouldn’t do things negatively.D. She should take Mark’s remarks seriously.10.A. She thinks the pollution level is too serious to be true.B. She is sure that the equipment is broken.C. She doesn’t believe the man at all.D. She is annoyed by the wrong report about the pollution level.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Receiving phone calls. B. Visiting awkward people.C. Working out a plan.D. Having a tiring meeting.12.A. People preferring regular working hours. B. People who are lively andopen.C. Both males and females.D. People without a drivinglicense.13.A. Policewoman. B. Sales representative.C. Secretary.D. Tour guide.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. They haven’t devoted to medicine as much as to space travel.B. There are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify.C. It is not economical to find a cure for each type of cold.D. They believe people can recover without treatment.15.A. They reveal the seriousness of the problem. B. They indicate how fast thevirus spreads.C. They tell us what kind of medicine to take.D. They show our body isfighting the virus.16.A. It actually does more harm than good.B. It causes damage to some organs of our body.C. It works better when combined with other treatments.D. It helps us to recover much sooner.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answ er sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Information about JaneComplete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer. How can we keep fit? By having a balanced diet and 21 .Why can transgenic (转基因的)technology increase the output of crops? Because they are resistant to 22 .Why do many people suffer from heart disease? Because 23 provide people with over-nutrition. What do Chinese people want the government to do?To solve the problem of the domestic 24 .Complete the form. Write NOT MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)As you get older, it feels like time tends to move faster. As Dan Ariely explainsover at The Wall Street Journal, we tend to fall into familiar routines (25) we age and that makes time move quickly.We perceive time as something like a stack of memories, so the less new experiences you have, the (26) (likely) you are to fill in those memories with interesting things.Time does go by (or, more accurately, it feels as if time is going by) more quickly, the older we get.In the first few years of our lives, anything we sense or do is brand new, and many of our experiences are unique, so they remain firmly in our memories. But as(27) years go by, we encounter fewer and fewer new experiences —both because we (28) (accomplish) a lot and because we are slaves to our daily routines.For example, try to remember (29) happened to you every day last week ，Appearance: a beautiful girl with long, blonde and 17 hair Occupation: a 18 designer in Star StudioEducation: a 19 of Harvard UniversityInterest: a music and art lover, fond of 20 her wonmusicchances are that nothing extraordinary happened, so you will be hard-pressed to recallthe specific things you did on Monday, Tuesday, etc.What can we do about this? Maybe we need some new app that will encourage usto try o ut new experiences, point out things we’ve never done, recommend disheswe’ve never tasted and suggest places we’ve never been. Such an app (30) makeour lives more varied, encourage us to try new things, slow down the passage of timeand increase our happiness.(31) such an app arrives, try to do at least one new thing every week.It’s not too difficult to push (32) to do new things.(B)This afternoon, I spoke with Governor Malloy and FBI Director Mueller. I offered Governor Malloy my condolences（吊唁，慰问） on behalf of the nation, and made itclear that he will have every single resource that he needs (33) (investigate)this heinous（令人发指的）crime, care for the victims, comfort their families.(34) ______ (endure) too many of these tragedies in the past few years. Andeach time I learn the news I react not as a President, but as anybody else would—as a parent. And that was especially true today. I know there’s not a parentin America who doesn’t feel the same overwhelming grief that I do.The majority of those (35) died today were children — beautiful littlekids between the ages of 5 and 10 years old. They had their entire lives ahead ofthem —birthdays, graduations, weddings, kids of their own. Among the (36) (fall) were also teachers —men and women who devoted their lives to (37) (help) our children fulfill their dreams.So our hearts are broken today — for the parents and grandparents, sisters and brothers of these little children, and for the families of the adults who (38)(lose). Our hearts are broken for the parents of the survivors as well, for as blessed as they are to have their children home tonight, they know that their children’s innocence has been torn away from them too early, and there are no wordsthat will ease their pain.As a country, we have been through this too many times. (39) it’s an elementary school in Newtown, or a shopping mall in Oregon, or a temple in Wisconsin,or a movie theater in Aurora, or a street corner in Chicago — these neighborhoodsare our neighborhoods, and these children are our children. And we’re going to haveto come together and take meaningful action to prevent more tragedies (40) this, regardless of the politics.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. instructionsB. randomC. highlyD. revealedE. simplyF. establishedG. situations H. confirmed I. senses J. common K. routinesPosting a photo of the food you’re about to eat on WeChat has become a daily ritual（惯例；仪式） for many. Often this food in the photo isn’t as appealing to those looking at it, but scientists are now claiming taking a photo of your food before you eat it makes it taste better.Researchers at University of Minnesota’s Carlson School of Manage ment claim taking a photo puts you in the moment and in doing so, heightens your (41)______. The person taking the photo will, on some level, feel the motivation to continue the practice.Researchers wondered about the power of rituals after noticing the funny (42)______ that people often perform before eating and drinking. They conducted experiments to investigate whether these kinds of habitual behaviour influences taste.In the first experiment, some participants were asked to eat a piece of chocolate following a detailed set of (43)______: ‘Without unwrapping the chocolate bar, break it in half. Unwrap half of the bar and eat it. Then, unwrap the other half and eat it.’ The other participants were (44)______ instructed to rel ax for a short amount of time and then eat the chocolate bar however they wanted.The results showed that those who had performed the ritual rated the chocolate more (45)______, enjoyed it more, and were willing to pay more for the chocolate than the other group.A second experiment (46)______ these findings, showing that (47)______ movements don’t produce a more enjoyable eating experience. The data also (48)______ that a longer delay between ritual and consumption enhanced these effects, even with a common food like carrots.While these rituals may seem insignificant, the researchers note that the effects they produce are quite amazing. And while rituals are (49)______ before mealtimes, they could play a role in other (50)______, too.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.An e xamination is a very important part of life, which is used to test a person’s ability. But as you know many of us has (51)_____ and are afraid of it. Though they know that exams are there for their benefit, they still have a lot of fear for it. It is very often we find such people. You will find such people a little anxious and a little stressed about their exams. Many a time such nerves can be (52)_____ and useful to you, for others it’s nerve wrecking.To overcome these nerves we got some tips for you. Don’t get too excited about the exams and for that don’t drink too much of the coffe e or tea to cope up with the exam (53)_____. Eat a healthy and proper diet and don’t worry about the exams while eating. Stress can be harmful to you (54)_____ sometimes. It can cause a lot of problems in your body, which can be increased heartbeat and breath, sweating palms, nervous attitude, stressed about exams, etc...Before moving to the examination hall you prepare thoroughly about the exams. For that firstly make a list of what is to be studied and then make an overlook for that. Now divide each subject into some easy sub-classes. Go through some (55)_____ question papers and study your earlier mistakes made in it. Make a perfect schedule for your study. Overlook the (56) _____ used for answering the questions I mean their pattern and style of writing. Solve few more question papers to achieve a proper time (57)_____. Take some quick breaks in your study time so that you can (58)_____ an interest in your study.Now while taking the exams just relax, control your breath and believe in yourself. Don’t pa nic and be optimistic. Try to reduce your stress and be happy. Don’t (59)_____ at least an hour before the exams, just get yourself calmed down. Keep your focus on the paper and tell yourself that you are (60)_____ prepared. For exams reach before the time and try to (61)_____ in the surroundings. Don’t listen to any of the exam rumours before exams. If you still can’t control your exam stress then go for some meditation or hypnosis（冥想或催眠）.Yes, hypnosis, a real good and (62)_____ way to control your nerves and reduce your stress. It can be seen that a person’s whole life changes completely only from few of the (63)_____ instructions. In hypnosis a person directly deals you’re your subconscious mind instead of your conscious mind. The fact is your subconscious mind is a lot more (64)_____ and following than your conscious mind, so instructing correctly to your subconscious mind results terrific in reducing your nerves. Hypnosis reduces your fear of failure and (65)_____ a sense of confidence in you. It decreases your negativity and forces you to think positively about your exams. You also multiples your potential. You simply need to get your hands on the hypnosis for examination MP3. This is easily downloadable and you’ll be well on your path to combating and overcoming the condition.51.A. interest B. panic C. faith D. concept52.A. motivating B. suffering C. shocking D. spreading53.A. participation B. motivation C. expansion D. tension54.A. mentally B. physically C. continuously D. exhaustingly55.A. previous B. patient C. personal D. current56.A. preparations B. lessons C. schedules D. techniques57.A. administration B. management C. limitation D. scale58.A. entertain B. contain C. maintain D. complain59.A. revise B. rush C. instruct D. discuss60.A. normally B. informally C. comparatively D. completely61.A. mix B. resolve C. adjust D. focus62.A. instructive B. significant C. effective D. romantic63.A. appropriate B. splendid C. original D. negative64.A. impatient B. obedient C. ordinary D. desirable65.A. enjoys B. shakes C. generates D. generalizesSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThere were so many nights when I, as a young boy, had to watch helplessly as my father verbally and physically abused my mother. I can still recall the smell of alcohol, see the fear in my mother’s eyes, and feel the hopeless misery that comes when we see people we love hurting each other in incomprehensible ways.I would not wish that experience on anyone, especially not a child. If I settle down in those memories, I can feel myself wanting to hurt my father back, in the same ways he hurts my mother and in ways of which I was incapable as a small boy.I see my mother’s face and I see this gentle human being whom I loved so very much and who did nothing to deserve the pain imposed upon her.When I recall this story, I realize how difficult the process of forgiving truly is. Intellectually, I know my father caused pain because he was in pain. Spiritually, I know my faith tells me my father deserves to be forgiven as God forgive us all. But it is still difficult. The sufferings we have witnessed or experienced live on in our memories. Even years later they can cause us fresh pain each time we recall them.Are you hurt and suffering? Is the injury new, or is it an old, unhealed wound? Know that what was done to you was wrong, unfair, and undeserved. You are right to be outraged. And it is perfectly normal to want to hurt back when you have been hurt. But hurting back rarely satisfies. We think it will, but it doesn’t. If I slap you after you slap me, it does not lessen the sting I feel on my own face, nor does itweaken my sadness as to the fact you have struck me. Revenge gives, at best, only momentary relief from our emotional pain. The only way to experience healing and peace is to forgive. Until we can forgive, we remain locked in our pain and locked out of the possibility of experiencing healing and freedom; locked out of the possibility of being at peace.Without forgiveness, we remain tied to the person who harmed us. We are bound with chains of bitterness, trapped. Until we can forgive the person who harmed us, that person will hold the keys to our happiness; that person will be our jailer (监狱看守).When we forgive, we take back control of our own fate and our feelings. We become our own liberators. Forgiveness, in other words, is the best form of self-interest. This is true both spiritually and scientifically. We don’t forgive to help the other person. We don’t forgive for others. We forgive for ourselves.66.Why did the writer mention the story of his father’s abuse of his mom?A. Because he loved his mom and wanted to fight back someday.B. Because his father finally realized his own mistake and was forgiven.C. Because witnessing his mom’s suffering is still hurting him and has no wayto relieve.D. Because he felt that he was spiritually relieved from the pain throughforgiveness.67.The writer wrote the article in order to tell people that _____.A. we may never heal our pains or sufferings in the heart unless we learn to forgiveB. we should never forget the sufferings buried in our heartsC. we may get tied to the person who harmed us all through lifeD. we shouldn’t worry about the pains we caused, since forgiving is always easierthan imagined68.What is the 4th paragraph mainly about?A. Hurting back does no good to relieving one’s own hurts, but forgiving.B. If someone slaps you, you just slap back, which will lessen your pain.C. The sufferings we have witnessed or experienced will live on in our memoriesfor ever.D. After being hurt, if one wants to experience healing and freedom, he shouldforget the hurt.69.Which of the following statements is the closest in meaning to the underlinedsentence?A. In order to help others, we should stop forgiving and fight back.B. The purpose of our forgiving is not to help other people.C. Our forgiving is also useful to helping others, though they may have hurt us.D. Only by forgiving others can we help them to be good people.BWriting a book review is not like writing a fiction, where you have your freedom to express any type of literary mood. Here, you are limited within the scope, which is related only to the book or the literature and nothing else. To write a proper literary review, you should follow some important dos and don’ts, which are discussed here.Top 3 dosSelect a literature of your choice and read it thoroughly. If required, you should read it multiple times, before you really frame up the literary review in your mind. While reading, try to assimilate the thoughts and philosophy of the author behind the book and also to analyze all the characters and events described in the literary piece. Start to pen down your literary analysis only when you have a complete understanding of the book, and not before that.Prepare your write-up based on your understanding of the book. Since you are reviewing the book, your opinion plays an important role here. If you prefer any particular character or any particular instance from the book, then expose that character or the situation in your review, to give it more importance. Also determine your preference with supporting logic. Ultimately it is your understanding of the book, and it can differ from others’ viewpoint. But you should stick to your opinion.Follow a proper format to construct your book review. It should have a proper introduction and a conclusion, other than the usual subject body. Distribute the subject body in chapters and paragraphs, to give a nice, structured look. Also, add a list of reference material at the end of the book. A structured material always carries a good impression and also, it helps the reader to go through the article at ease.Top 3 don’tsBook reviews are not exactly meant for writing a summary on the books. The objective of writing a book review is to arouse the curiosity in the mind of the readers. If someone mentions everything in the summary then the actual intention is lost.As mentioned earlier, one should not cross your limit to write a literary review. Do not bring up unnecessary topics to increase the length of the write-up, which is not at all related to the book. The readers want to learn about the book and not something irrelevant. Also, a smart and crisp writing helps to create a positive impression.You can go through reference books or articles on your subject, before you start preparing your article. But that should be completely with the intention of gettinghelp in your understanding of the book. These reference items will help to strengthen your grip on the subject. But, you should never copy a single line of text from any other document or write-up. Plagiarism(剽窃), in any form, is a punishable offence by law. It will also destroy your reputation and close all the future avenues in this field.If you can follow the above dos and don’ts religiously to write a book review, then it is going to be more original and interesting.70.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word“assimilate”in paragraph 2?A. stimulateB. fertilizeC. digestD. enhance71.The purpose of writing a review on a book is _____.A. to show your understanding of the thoughts and philosophy of the author behindthe bookB. to show that you really stick to your own opinion though you’ve read the bookC. to arouse reader s’ curiosity to read more books on irrelevant topicsD. to spark reader s’ interests in finding th e book and reading it72.Which of the foll owing is NOT true about the “dos”?A. Before writing a book review, you’d better read it thoroughly or many times.B. Write down your literary analysis when reading the book.C. If you are interested in certain situation in the book, you can hardly giveit too much importance in your review.D. A good review consists of a proper introduction and a conclusion, as well asa nice-structured subject body.73.The following statements are “don’ts” when writing a summary except _____.A. going through reference books or articles on your subject, before you startpreparing your articleB. presenting all the detailed description of the book in the summaryC. the thought or action of putting anything irrelevant to the book into the summaryD. any forms of copying the text from others’ written workCThe orangutan (红毛猩猩), the most inactive of the greatapes, has unusually stable DNA, too. Researchers have justcompleted the sequencing (序列) of the entire genome (基因组) of our orange-haired relative, and they have found totheir surprise that its DNA has changed much less dramaticallyover time than has that of humans or chimpanzees. “The orangutan is very unique,” says Devin Locke, a structural geneticist heading the orangutan sequenci ng project.The orangutan genome had one other big surprise. Locke and colleagues sequenced six Sumatran and five Bornean orangutans, which are classified as different species. The apes have been physically separated for at least 21,000 years—the last time land bridges between the two islands existed—and earlier studies estimated that they became distinct species more than 1 million years ago. But the new analysis, reported online today in Nature, rewrites history: it appears they parted ways just 400,000 years ago. “Most previous studi es used small sets of markers and a limited amount of DNA sequence,” says Locke. “The statistical power is so much greater when you have the whole genome available.”The orangutan now joins chimpanzees and humans as the third great ape to have its genome sequenced. “The orangutan genome is a wonderful resource,” says evolutionary geneticist Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. “It will help clarify how each part of human and African ape genomes are rel ated to each other and evolved.”Such insights are already coming in. Orangutans originated some 12 million to 16 million years ago, giving their genome s much more time to evolve than those of humans and chimpanzees, which split into their own lineages（血统） 5 million to 6 million years ago. But a comparison of the three genomes shows that humans and chimpanzees lose or gain new genes at twice the rate of orangutans.The reason may have to do with stretches of DNA called retrotransposons. These key drivers of evolution jump around the genome, creating new genes, damaging existing ones, or altering gene regulation. The new data reveal that common retrotransposons known as Alu elements have moved around the orangutan genome much less than they have in the human and chimpanzee genomes. “I don’t want to say that ‘Alu retrotransposition events’ are shut off in orangutans, but they’ve been covered up,” says Locke.The researchers also discovered that, over time, the structure of orangutan chromosomes（染色体） has changed little, which may be linked to the Alu element finding. Other researchers have suggested that the strong and healthy structural variation in humans and chimps may have stimulated increased intelligence. But Locke notes that orangutans ar e also highly intelligent. “If orangutans have had very little structural variation, maybe this decouples structural variation from intelligence,” he says.A separate but related study published today in Genome Research reports yet another unexpected finding from a comparison of the three great ape genomes. A team led by Mikkel H. Schierup and Thomas Mailund of Aarhus University in Denmark (both co-authors of the Nature report) discovered that some regions of the human genome more closely resemble the orangutan than the chimpanzee. This reflects the fact that at the timehumans split off from a common ancestor with chimps, both species had the same ancestral orangutan DNA. But humans and chimpanzees have evolved separately for millions of years. In the process, chimps for mysterious reasons lost some orangutan DNA that humans kept possession of.More surprises are sure to come as researchers compare the genomes of even more apes. Projects to sequence the other two great apes, gorillas and bonobos, are under way.74.Orangutans from two islands, Sumatran and Bornean, became different species since______.A. at least 21,000 years agoB. over 1 million years agoC. some 12 million to 16 million years agoD. 400,000 years ago75.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage?A. Compared with the DNA of orangutan, chimpanzee’s is less changed over time.B. Only three apes’ genomes have been sequenced up to now.C. Humans’ ancestors stepped on their way of evolution 12 to 16 millions yearsago.D. Chimpanzees gain new genes faster than ora ngutans do in evolution.76.The reason of orangutan’s little change in DNA is that _____.A. this species is not as active in intelligence as humans or chimpanzees.B. the newly identified Alu elements is believed to have played a special roleC. Alu retrotranspositions in orangutan are shut off during the course of evolutionD. orangutan’s low intelligence fails to stimulate the change of its DNA77.Some region of human genome is more similar to that of orangutan than chimp’sbecause _____.A. human and orangutan share the same ancestor, but chimp doesn’tB. humans and chimpanzees have evolved separately for millions of yearsC. chimps failed to hang on to orangutan DNA for some unknown reason, but humandidn’tD. chimps didn’t act as actively as humans, resulting in their losing some criticalorangutan DNASection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.____________________________________________Technology means different things to different people. A physician might think of technology as a way to produce a new medicine. To a space engineer, it might mean。

上海高考英语三轮复习辅导：词法知识点

高考英语三轮冲刺辅导知识点——词法第一部分掌握要求：先把以下各词汇都翻译成中文，在介词的解析中例题必须背诵以及能默写，那是中文翻译英语的题型！！1．在熟练掌握初、高中课本单词和词组的基础上，进一步强化考纲词汇，尤其是教材中没有而考纲中出现的词及不规则过去式、过去分词表。

2．熟悉构词法。

3．词序：限定词→一般描绘性形容词→大小、长短、高低→形状→年龄、新旧→颜色→国籍、地区、出处→材料→用途、类别→n.限定词：冠词/代词(my、that、other、much, etc.)、数词、such、no、the next、halfone/ no such thingthe first/ last/ next few/two pages the few next days（后面少数几天）much/ rather/ far/ a bit too small a car all too quickly (实在太快)every few/ other/ second/ two …　double/ twice the/your weightone-third/ all/ both/ half (of) the time every/each such possibilityeighty other …/ the other eighty … / another eighty …　a lot/ much/ far / a great deal / three metres / twice / even / many / still / rather / a (little)bit / slightly / no / not any+ 比较级than / of / inquite / nearly / almost / just / exactly / not half (根本不) / twice + as …… as ……时间、地点：小→大复合形容词：见后面4．不可数名词：homework juice wheat clothing furniture equipment fun progress advice luggage baggage fur energy luck news music practice production rubber(橡胶) weather information matter(物质) evidence fuel gravity thirst anger hunger traffic child hood(the) truth change（零钱）geography(等学科名) jewelry machinery与a/an连用时的意义：history population length(width etc.) silence education pain vocabulary understanding income coffee wind rain snow wine fruit science success failure honour pleasure trouble difficulty experience service wood interest desire effect possibility necessity cold cough load weight memory paper cloth soul help beauty chalk hair glance rush (in a rush, make a rush for the door) search shame shock society a half / new /full moon knowledge a touch of salt/ spring (春意)/ at a touch 一触（就…）某些复数形式：apologies values congratulations thanks regards wishessavings(等) pains/ gains5．无论长短句、难易句，理解的出发点在主谓结构、上下文。

高一英语GrammarModal Verbs一周化沪教

照对市爱民阳光实验学校Grammar: Modal Verbs一周强化情态动词一、情态动词的义情态动词是一种本身有一的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。

情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有can (could), may (might), must, have to (had to), need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .二、情态动词的特点:1．情态动词无人称和数的变化，它后面跟的动词需用原形。

e.g.You/We/He/She must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。

2．个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气,时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。

如：He could be here soon. 他很快就来。

Would you like some bananas? 你要香蕉吗？He might come tomorrow.他可能来。

重、难点讲解：常见情态动词的用法1．can 和could的用法〔1〕表示能力。

e.g.Can you finish the work in such a short time ?你能在这么短的时间内完成工作吗？can和be able to都可表“能够〞，但can主要指的是一种永久的能力。

而be able to那么是指经过努力后才可以做到的事情。

e.g.Man will be able to live in the sea in the future.在未来人类将能够在海洋里生活。

〔这里的be able to都不可换用can.〕〔2〕表示可能性。

e.g.Mary can not be in the classroom.玛丽不可能在教室里。

〔3〕表示请求和许可。

e.g.—Can I use your bike? 我能用用你的自行车吗？—Yes, you can.是的，可以。

高中英语语法专题

【要点点拨】一.可数名词的复数构成规则:1.规则变化:加-s, -es; 辅音字母加y结尾的去y加ies;把f/ fe变成ves;(1)keys , three Henrys; stomachs; safes; beliefs; proofs; roofs; gulfs; chiefs; heroes; potatoes; tomatoes; Negroes; dingoes A(2) 缩写,数字,字母等在后面加s或’s都可,如: some VIPs (VIP’s); in his 50s / 50’s; in the 1990s / 1990’s; There are two t’s in the word “letter”.2.不规则变化:(1)men , children , feet, teeth, geese, mice; oxen等;(2)单复数形式相同:sheep; deer; fish; means; works(工厂); Chinese; Japanese; Swiss; (teas, fruits, fishes, metals等表示种类);(3)只有复数形式:trousers, glasses(眼镜);remains(遗体/物);clothes; ashes; contents(目录); goods; customs(海关); arms(武器);(4)复合名词的复数形式: shoe shops; lookers-on; grown-ups; passers-by; daughters-in-law(5)表示某国人的复数形式:A:单复一样:Chinese / Japanese) B: 把man变成men : Englishmen; Frenchmen; C:其它加s (包括Germans)一、不可数名词1.量的表示：用some / a little / much等表示数量的词（组）及单位名词（量词），用得较多的有piece, article, bottle, head, loaf, bar 等：a piece of advice / bread / news / information / equipment / chalk / cloth / clothing / music / work / furniture / paper / wood / baggage; a loaf of bread; a bar of chocolate ; two head of cattle2.不可数名词具体化：These games are great successes; The party was a great success.二、名词的所有格：1.表示有生命的名词后加’s, 如一样东西为几人共有，则在最后一个名词后加’s: Jack and Tom’s room(两人共有的房间); Jack’s andTom’s rooms（两人各自的房间）；表示无生命的名词的所有格用of表示：the windows of the room;(但表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词后也可加’s: China’s industry; today’s paper; ten minutes’ walk)2.表示“某人家里”“某店铺”等的名词所有格后省略所修饰的名词：at my aunt’s (house); at the doctor’s (office); go to the chemist’s (shop);3.双重所有格：a / an / this / that / these / those / some / any / a few / no / every / several / such / another / which 等+名词+of +…..’s / 名词性物主代词（表示“部分”的概念或表示某种感情色彩，如：赞赏、讨厌等）；比较：a friend of her mother’s她母亲的一个朋友（强调她母亲的朋友中的一位，为双重所有格）a friend of her mother她母亲的朋友（强调两人间的关系，为of 所有格）a picture of his brother’s(他弟弟的所拥有的照片中的一张，照片上不一定是他本人)a picture of his brother（他弟弟本人的一张照片，照片上就是他本人）三、名词作定语修饰名词：前一个名词表示后一个名词的特点、性质及用途；(1)一般前面的名词用单数形式，复数加在后面主体名词上：shoe shop(s); story book(s); coffee cup(s); physics teacher(s); 个别名词修饰另外一个名词用复数形式：sales manager; sports meet; 由man / woman与另一个名词构成复合名词两者都变复数：men/ women doctors;(2)比较名词作定语及形容词作定语的不同意义：a dust bag ( a bag for dust) 装灰尘的袋子/ a dusty bag布满灰尘的袋子 a chemical change化学变化(具有化学性质的变化)/ a chemistry teacher( a teacher of chemistry)一个化学老师a gold watch 一只金表(表材质)/ a golden watch一只金黄色的表五.英语中”很多”的表达:只修饰可数名词:quite a few / a great many (of) / many / a (large / small) number of只修饰不可数名词: a great deal of / a great amount of ( great amounts of)既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词:plenty of / a lot of ( lots of ) / a (large) quantity of / large quantities of【各个击破】1.No regular advertiser dare produce anything that fails to stick to the _____of his advertisement.A. standardB. levelC. messageD. promise2.-----What do you think of his composition?------Much better, b ut there’s still some ______for improvement.A. spaceB. roomC. areaD. place3. Sometimes doctors make higher ______ for their work than they should.A. billsB. chargesC. costsD. prices4. The ______of a big snake made her frightened, so she sat therestill.A. sightB. lookC. viewD. scene5.No ______ she fell ill, considering that she had been overworkingfor years.A. problemB. wayC. wonderD. matter6. -----How is it that you lost your way?------When I came to the crossroads, I went the wrong ________.A. wayB. directionC. distanceD. path7. Little Tom asked me for small _________ for his _________piece,so I gave him ________.A. change; ten pennies; ten penceB. changes; ten pennies; ten penceC. change; ten pence; ten penniesD. changes; ten pence; ten pennies8. Will you please tell me _______you are talking about?A. which Zhang Yimou’s filmB. which film of Zhang YimouC. which film of Zhang Yimou’sD. zhang Yimo u’s which film9. The baby broke a _______which is made of _____just now.A. tea cup; glassB. cup of tea; glassC. tea’s cup; glassesD. tea cup; glasses10. Look, Mother has just bought three _______ and _______.A. fruit; lots of vegetablesB. fruits; a number of vegetablesC. fruit; a great many of the vegetablesD. fruits; a great amount of vegetables11. If you get the job you’ll have to make business ______every nowand then.A. journeysB. tripsC. travelsD. voyages12. I listened to his lecture about biology , but I missed the key______.A. messagesB. senseC. notesD. points13. He is always full of ______as though he never knew tiredness.A. strengthB. forceC. powerD. energy14.There has been a great _______ in the number of cars in our city in the past five years.A. increaseB. improvementC. resultD. effect15. I don’t think it’s my ______ that the TV doesn’t work. I just turned it off.A. mistakeB. faultC. dutyD. error16. ---- What’s the ______ of this pair of shoes?---- 500 yuan.---- Oh, it’s really too expensive.---- But it’s comfortable, so I think it’s good _______ for money.A. cost; valueB. price; valueC. price; costD. cost; price17. How did you like the ________of the interpreter(口译员)at the conference on TV?A. performanceB. achievementC. materialD. words18.She is not in good _______for such heavy work.A. stateB. conditionC. positionD.situation19.It’s bad _______ for a man to smoke in public places where smoking is not allowed.A. mannersB. actionC. movementD. manner20. Johnson is an honest businessman. Our company and his has hada lot of _______ in the past few years.A. agreementsB. salesC. dealsD. bargains主谓一致（主备人：张菊贤）【要点点拨】英语句子中谓语动词的数必须与主语的人称和数取得一致，这就叫做主谓一致。

上海高中英语语法整理集,市重点内部资料

情态动词情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。

情态动词没有人和数的变化，后面加动词原形，没有不定式，分词或动名词的形式。

英语中主要的情态动词有：can, may, must, shall, will, dare, need等。

情态动词的用法和要点：can 和could的用法can 和could都表示能力或客观可能性，还可表示请求或允许。

Can you work out this math problem on your own? （能力）Water can be changed into ice.（客观可能性）Can I go now? (Could I go now? 这里could 用在疑问句中，表示语气委婉，并不表示过去式，回答应用Yes, you can.) (表示请求)can表示能力时，可以用be able to代替，但当我们要表示“某事已成功”时，应用 was(were) able to (相当于manage to do 或succeed in doing) 而不能用could。

此外，be able to 可以用于各种时态。

He can/is able to enter for the English contest. .(能力)They will be able to tell you the news soon.（将来时态）He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.=He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.情态动词can, could用在否定、疑问句中表示推测，怀疑或惊讶。

He couldn’t be a wealthy man.(推测)You can’t be hungry so soon, Tom. You have just had lunch.（怀疑）How can that be! （惊讶）may和might的用法may 和might都表示允许或请求。

牡丹江高二英语知识点

牡丹江高二英语知识点英语是一门重要的语言，它被广泛使用在全球范围内。

对于牡丹江高二学生来说，学好英语不仅可以帮助他们更好地与世界交流，还是进一步升学和就业的基础。

在本文中，我将介绍一些牡丹江高二英语学生应该掌握的重要知识点。

一、语法知识掌握基本的语法知识是学好英语的关键。

以下是一些牡丹江高二学生应该了解的语法知识点：1. 时态：学生需要熟悉现在时、过去时、将来时等基本时态的用法。

2. 语态：被动语态在英语中使用频率较高，学生应该了解主动语态和被动语态的转换规则。

3. 名词：学生需要了解可数名词和不可数名词的区别，以及名词的单数和复数形式的变化规则。

4. 动词：学生需要熟悉常见动词的原形、过去式和过去分词形式，并了解不规则动词的变化规则。

5. 介词：介词在英语中的使用非常重要，学生需要了解一些常见介词的用法和固定搭配。

二、词汇积累建立起扎实的词汇量是学好英语的基础。

以下是一些适合牡丹江高二学生的词汇积累方法：1. 阅读：通过阅读英语文章、故事和新闻等，积累常见词汇和习惯用法。

2. 刻意记忆：使用记忆法，如制作词卡，写下词汇并与其解释配对，帮助记忆。

3. 拓展词汇：学生可以通过学习词根、词缀和同义词、反义词等方式扩大词汇量。

三、阅读理解提高阅读理解能力是学生在英语学习中的关键。

以下是一些提高阅读理解能力的方法：1. 阅读不同类型的文章：学生应该尝试阅读不同主题和难度级别的文章，包括新闻报道、小说、科普文章等。

2. 理解文章结构：学生需要学会辨别文章的主旨、段落之间的逻辑关系以及作者的写作意图。

3. 提高词汇理解能力：学生可以通过上下文推测词义，或者使用词典查阅生词的定义。

四、写作技巧写作是英语学习的重要组成部分。

以下是一些提高写作技巧的方法：1. 练习写作范文：学生可以通过阅读和模仿优秀的范文，提高自己的写作水平。

2. 多写多练：写作需要不断的练习，学生应该多写一些短文、日记、信件等，积累写作经验。

考点11语法填空(核心考点)-高考英语一轮复习(上海专用)(教师版)

考点11 语法填空（核心考点精讲精练）近年真题考点分布【思维导图】【知识梳理】一、语法填空考点分布二、语法填空题两空格以上考点➢考点一：纯空格试题的解题技巧技巧1：当句子缺主语或宾语，填代词。

前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。

(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语、表语和同位语情况等)主要考察：人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s).【举例】（2023·上海静安二模）Ever got to grips with a problem? Picked up a new skill? Grasped a difficult concept? The language of learning is full of references to parts of the body outside the brain. Perhaps that’s because these phrases hint at ____1____ deeper. 【答案】1．something【解析】．考查不定代词。

句意：也许这是因为这些短语暗示了一些更深层次的东西。

上海市金山区学大教育进修学校牡丹江路校区高中英语复

上海市金山区学大教育进修学校牡丹江路校区高中英语复习专题词型转化词性转换SECTION 解题秘籍注意：句子通过合适的语境理解再填词是王道中考高频词汇整理基数词<---->序数词(规律：基数词+th=序数词)特例：twelve--->twelfth twenty-----> twentiethfive---> fifth nine ----> ninth特殊变化：in one’s fifties 年过五旬（去y+ies）注意语境理解:(13静安)My sister Vivian visits the public library in our town _______ a month. (two)(中考模拟)Nate is very cheerf ul because he has won the prize in the sing ing competition ‘ Voice of China’. (two)单复数变化+S特例：1以o为结尾，没生命+s, 有生命+es2 以f或fe为结尾,去f或fe + ves职业后缀+er, +or, +ist, +antI er waiter engineerII or director actor visitor invent orIII ist artist touristIV ant assistant1.（13长宁）More and more ______ would like to go to Shanghai for a holiday. (t our)2.（13普陀）Today I read an article about the famous Chinese _ Cai Lun. (i nvent)动词<--->名词：1. V.+ment 结尾amuse----> amusement 娱乐 develop------> development 发展argue---->argument 争吵2 V. + tion 结尾attract ----> attraction collect--->collection (12中考) locate ---> location operate--->operation organize--->organization pollute---> pollutionsolve----> solution3 V. + sion 结尾conclude-----> conclusion 结论 discuss ----> discussion decide ----> decision 决定（高频考点） impress---> impression4 V. + ing 结尾begin---> beginning 开端 mean----> meaning 意义say----> saying 谚语 paint ----> painting油画，水彩画5 V. + 其他choose--->choice(s) 选择 examine ---->exam 检查,考试fly----> flight 航班 know----> knowledge 知识mix--->mixture produce---->pr oduct 产品serve---> service 服务(不可数) sit----> seat 座位speak ---> speech 演讲 succeed ---->success 成功1. (中考模拟)The officers at the airport _______ every traveler’s passport car efully. (exam)2.（中考模拟）This plan was the of many hours of careful thought. (p roduce)3.（13静安）These days the police are trying hard to _______ the missing strang er. (location)4. (13松江) For the time being, Cathy’s job is to ________ the customers food at the restaurant. (service)5. (13松江) They finally made a ________ to build a new school in that area. (decide)6.（13嘉定）I’m sure you will in working out the problem unless you give up.(success)7. (13长宁）Air is a ______ of gases with a certain quantity of solids and liqu ids. (mix)8. (13普陀) My friends helped me to a party for my grandparents. (organ ization)9.（13奉贤）The boy was clever enough to ________ the problem .(solution)10.（13普陀）The only way to __________ is through hard work. (success)11. (13黄浦) To our surprise, even children can _________ the machine without a ny directions. (operation)[12.（中考真题）There is a beautiful_________ on the wall in each room of my hou se. (paint)名词<--->形容词：1 N.+y 结尾anger---->angry 生气的 salt ----> salty 咸的 noise---->nois y （去e加y）吵闹的2 N.+ful/less 结尾care---> careful/careless home----> homeless 无家可归的use---> useful/useless 有用的/无用的3 N.+ ing/ed 结尾interest---->interesting/interested 令人有趣的/感到有趣的4 特例：history ---> historical chemistry--->chemical1.（13徐汇）Jenny’s experience as an exchange student in Australia has proved to be________. (interest)形容词<--->副词：1. Adj.+ly 结尾高频词：mainly, generally, clearly, finally，recently, seriously, widely, secur elyte结尾直接加ly: accurately, completely, immediately, politely2 以y结尾去y加ilyeasy ,happy, angry, heavy3 特殊I 以le 结尾,去e+y: gentle->______ ,possible->________II true :去e加ly : true -->________III good—well1. (13静安) Mary will __________ be a reporter in the future because she is good at writing.(possible)2. （13浦东）As usual, we went __________ to the speaker for more advice after the lecture. (direct)动词<--->形容词：frighten--->frightening（物）/ frightened( 人)widen ---> wide enrich --->richthank--->thankful 对。

2021年上海高一英语秋季课外精品讲义第07讲：语法精选梳理+题型组合套餐练+核心词汇积累

第07讲：语法精选梳理+题型组合套餐练+核心词汇积累课堂精讲语法精选：分词（一）分词形式1. 现在分词形式现在分词可分为一般式和完成式两种；在语态上可分为主动语态和被动语态。

时态语态主动被动一般式doing being done完成式having done having been doneThe boy singing in the hall is one of the top singers from the university.（一般式）Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy. （完成式）This is one of the experiments being carried on in our laboratory.（一般被动式）All the compositions having been written and collected, the teacher sent the students home.（完成被动式）2.过去分词形式过去分词只有一种形式，即：done形式。

它表示一个被动、或完成、或完成与被动的动作。

The fallen leaves means the autumn’s coming.（完成）The building built last year is our library.（完成、被动）3.分词的否定形式not+分词Not having received his letter, he decided to call him.Not knowing his address, she cannot get in touch with him.（二）句法功能1．分词结构作定语He rushed into the burning house．他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。

The child standing over there is my brother．站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。

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