德国目乐显微镜基础介绍
显微镜基础知识
光学显微镜基础知识
物镜数值孔径(N.A)
TOP值: 干系物镜(0.95),水浸物镜(1.2),油浸物镜(1.4),特制物镜(1.6)
介质折射 率越大， NA值越高 开口角α 越大，NA 值越高 n=物镜与 被检物体 之间介质 的折射率
光学显微镜基础知识
物镜数值孔径(N.A)
数值孔径与显微镜其他参数的关系
显微镜的成像（几何成像原理）
物镜对物放大 目镜对象放大
● ●
目镜 物镜
B″
光学显微镜基础知识
显微镜的成像
影响透镜成像的关键因素－像差
像差分类： 球差 象散 慧差 识
像差分类
球差
像 差
场曲
象散
正畸变
慧差 负畸变 基础知识
光学显微镜基础知识
像差分类
球差
离透镜主轴远的光线 因折射率大而交点离 透镜近；离透镜主轴 近的光线因折射率小 而交点离透镜远 如果镜头有球差，就 不可能结成清晰的影 像
同侧（虚）
光学显微镜基础知识
显微镜的成像原理
显微镜为复式放大结构
１、当f<u<2f时，在凸透镜像方一 侧成倒立、放大的实像（物镜放大） B ”
２、当u<f时，通过在凸透镜像方 一侧可观察到在物方一侧有正立 放大的虚像（目镜放大）
目镜 物镜
A”
光学显微镜基础知识
显微镜的构造
光学显微镜基础知识
A″
显微镜简史
在现代，显微镜作为一种工具在各类学科的研究方面已得到 了极大的发展。例如半导体工业就需要用显微镜来观察新的 高技术材料及集成电路的表面特征，显微术也是法学上的的 一个重要工具，经常用来检查毛发、纤维、织物、血渍子弹 及其它有关的犯罪项目。现代先进的荧光染色技术及单克隆 抗体技术，荧光显微术在生物医学及细胞生物学上的应用预 期将发生爆炸性的增长。 生物医学与材料学上，显微镜技术的不同点主要是光线投射 到标本上的方式不一样。典型的生物医学显微术是将很薄的 标本经制备后用光透过该标本，用物镜进行调焦后投射到目 镜；而观察材料或集成电路的表面时，光线从物镜出来再由 标本的表面反射到显微镜的物镜。 按照现代科学的命名方法，透射光显微术和反射光显微术应 该称为diascopic和episcopic照明显微术。下面展示的照片 有透射光和反射光科学研究的图片。
德国目乐显微镜基础介绍
2011
目乐MOLLER公司历史 • • • • • MOLLER-WEDEL，GmbH 1864成立专业技术公司 光学仪器 光学测试设备 镀膜技术
MEDI-THERM GROUP
MOLLER-WEDEL，GmbH 1975目乐发明显微镜内自动变焦调节系统 • 显微镜更换物镜变焦距 • 显微镜不更换物镜变焦距
MEDI-THERM GROUP
目乐光学基本概念点
Apochromatic Optic 复消色差 • 蓝，红和绿在同个焦点上 • 同时提高图像解析度
MEDI-THERM GROUP
Apochromatic Optics
Apochromatic color correction not only increases the color fidelity, it also improves the overall resolution (see Optical Resolution) of an optical system in comparison to achromatic correction.
对手镜
• 对手镜：面对面助手镜 double eyepiece head
MEDI-THERM GROUP
滤 光 器 /盘
眼科 • 蓝光 λ＜405nm 增强荧光，应用于角膜切口 • 黄光 λ ＜475nm 增强保护术者和患者的眼睛 • 橙光 λ ＜515nm 增强保护术者和患者的眼睛 • 日光，增大色温 耳鼻喉科 • 绿光当血液充盈腔体的时候增强血管可视性
研发队伍
MEDI-THERM GROUP
强大的目乐及世界第一发明
1991 World‘s first computer-controlled OR microscope 1991年世界上第一款计算机控制手术显微镜研发并投入使用 1994 World‘s first manual/robotic OR microscope 1994年世界上第一款机器人手术显微镜 1966年世界上研制并使用第一款吊顶手术显微镜 1975年世界上第一款连续变焦的手术显微镜在目乐诞生 2002 World‘s first senso-servo drive OR microscope
显微镜的基本知识与使用
显微镜的基本知识与使用显微镜是一种用来观察微小物体的重要工具。
它可以放大物体，使我们能够看到肉眼无法察觉的细小结构和细胞。
以下是关于显微镜的基本知识与使用的详细说明。
1.显微镜的种类：（1）光学显微镜：它主要由物镜、目镜、光源和放大倍率调节器组成。
光线经过物镜放大物体后，再经过目镜投射到人眼上。
（2）电子显微镜：它使用电子束而非光线来放大物体。
根据电子束的加速方式，可以进一步分为透射电子显微镜（TEM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）两种。
2.主要部件：（1）物镜：它是显微镜最重要的部件，可以放大被观察物体的图像。
物镜的放大倍率一般为4×、10×、40×和100×等。
（2）目镜：也称为眼镜，是位于显微镜顶部的一组镜片。
它可以进一步放大物镜产生的物体放大图像。
（3）光源：用于照亮被观察物体。
常见的光源有白炽灯、荧光灯和LED灯等。
光源的亮度对观察物体的影响很大。
（4）舞台：放置被观察物体的平台。
（5）焦调节器：用于调节物镜与被观察物体之间的距离。
3.显微镜的使用：（1）准备：确保显微镜以及被观察物体的表面都是干净的，以保证图像的清晰度。
（2）调节光源：找到光源的开关，在观察之前，根据需要调节光源的强度。
（3）放置样本：将被观察物体放在舞台上，确保物体位于物镜下方。
（4）调焦：将物镜缓慢地向下或向上移动，直到观察到清晰的图像。
可以使用焦调节器微调焦距。
（5）调整放大倍率：根据需要，可以通过更换不同放大倍率的物镜和目镜来调整放大倍率。
（6）观察和记录：观察被放大的图像，注意细节，并使用笔记本或照相机记录下来。
（7）保养：使用后，清理显微镜，确保它处于干燥的环境中，并避免碰撞或震动。
4.注意事项：（1）避免触摸物镜和目镜，因为手指上的油脂会导致光的折射和减弱图像的亮度。
（2）在调节焦距时要小心，以免物镜或目镜与被观察物体接触。
（3）使用显微镜时要保持良好的体姿，以确保观察的舒适度和准确性。
德国目乐显微镜基础介绍
目乐光学基本概念点
Apochromatic Optic 复消色差 • 蓝，红和绿在同个焦点上 • 同时提高图像解析度
团结 信赖 创造 挑战
手术显微镜（体式显微镜）包含 必不可少三个部分： • Objective lens物镜组 • Binocular system目镜系统 • Illumination system光源系统 在物镜组和目镜系统之间通常会有变倍 适配器(magnification changer)或者 连续变倍系统(zoom system)。
Apochromatic Optics
Apochromatic color correction not only increases the color fidelity, it also improves the overall resolution (see Optical Resolution) of an optical system in comparison to achromatic correction.
德国目乐显微镜基础介绍
团结 信赖 创造 挑战
显微手术一般放大倍 数
• 眼科：6x～10x • 外科：4x~8x • 术中仔细检查：16x~24x • 一般观察：2x~4x
团结 信赖 创造 挑战
手术显微镜产品组成
•显微镜镜头——光学部分； •显微镜支架系统
支撑方式： FS——落地式 CU——吊顶式 WU——墙壁式 控制方式： 电磁锁平衡支架； 阻尼平衡支架；
团结 信赖 创造 挑战
景深
OK 显微镜使用方法
一、显微镜结构1.1、机械系统（悬吊系统：镜臂和基柱，后者分悬吊式和落地式）：高质量的手术显微镜一般配有复杂的机械系统来固定和操纵，以保证能够快速自如灵活地将观察和照明系统移至必要位置。
机械系统包括：底座、行走轮、制动闸、主柱、旋转臂、横臂、显微镜安装臂、水平X-Y移动器及脚踏控制板等。
横臂一般设计成两组，目的是使观察显微镜在尽可能大的范围内能够迅速移至手术部位上空。
水平X-Y移动器则可将显微镜精确定位于所需要的位置。
脚踏控制板控制显微镜上下左右移动调焦外，还可进行显微镜放大、缩小变率的变换。
机械系统是手术显微镜的骨架，确定了显微镜的活动范围。
使用时，要保证该系统的绝对稳定。
为了满足手术过程中对手术部位的选择，视野大小，清晰度的要求，医生可通过脚踏控制板调节位移光圈、焦距、高低等。
调节时要轻动、慢进，到达极限位置时，要立即停止，超时空转会损坏电机而导致调节失灵。
显微镜使用一段时间后，关节锁会出现过死或过松的现象，这时仅需根据情况使关节锁恢复正常工作状态。
每次使用显微镜前应常规检查各关节部位有无松动现象，以免在手术过程中造成不必要的麻烦。
1.2、观察系统：在一般手术显微镜中的观察系统实质上是一可变倍双目体视显微镜。
观察系统包括：（1）、物镜（主副镜多档、无极变焦、更换镜头，浅表手术200mm焦距、颅内及脊髓250/300mm焦距、深部手术350/400mm焦距）、（2）、变倍系统（3.5-25倍，常用12.5倍）；（3）、主刀、助手及参观镜。
助手镜最好与主刀镜（有调节手柄及镜头较低者）通过分光镜共用一个物镜，可使助手镜与主刀镜放大倍数与视野完全一致。
专项棱镜及目镜、在手术时，经常需要助手配合，因此观察系统经常设计成双人双目的形式。
1.3、照明系统：显微镜的照明方式可分为内照明和外照明两种，它的作用在于某些特殊需要，如眼科裂隙灯照明，照明系统由主灯、副灯、光缆等组成。
光源从物体的旁边或上面照明物体，像的产生是靠进入物镜的反射光成像。
CORELLA眼科说明及参数讲解
二：机型----德国目乐CORELLA三：设备参数：技术参数德国MOLLER CORELLA手术显微镜，该机型是2013年上市的新机型。
(1)光学部分1．德国眼科专用手术显微镜，复消色差透镜,残余像色差矫正技术技术；2．★主镜翻转角度为0-160°可调整翻转目镜；3．★电动XY移动，60X60mm，具有自动复位功能；4．主镜和助手镜的广角目镜12.5X，立体基线为25mm；5．助手镜目镜倾斜角度180°，目镜旋转角度为360°；6．470nmUV滤光片滤去紫外光保护，蓝，绿，点状光斑；7．★内置2°红光反射；8．★放大倍数五倍放大:5X,7X,10X,14X,20X；9．物镜焦距:200mm；10．电动调焦,变焦范围50mm.（2）机械部分11．平衡臂具有两个调节旋纽,各轴自由度变动范围为330°；12．显微镜臂展1230mm,垂直工作距离为760mm,自重90kg；13．立式支架，四轮移动，两轮自锁装置；14．工作电压：230V/50Hz；（3）光源部分15、★光纤导光，同轴照明；16、★两组独立双150W卤素灯冷光源，可快速切换至另外一个光源；17、多功能脚踏开关,上下调焦，XY轴移动等。
五：设备配置CORELLA标准配置单CORELLAXY/FS 1-12配置单No. Description Qty.1 Stere Operating Microscope CORELLA XY立体手术显微镜 11. Apochromatic with Correction of Residual Aberration2. Magnification changer 5 step.3. Motorized focus +20/-30 mm.4. Stereo base 25 mm.5. Tiltable 160°Eyepiece Head.6. 2 Wide Angle Oculars 10x.7. P D – Adjustment ±7D.8. diopter setting.9. Coaxial illumination.10. Filter disc (white/yellow).11. Red Reflex Enhancer（(permanent)12. Front Lens F= 200 mm 复消色差透镜5步变倍电动变焦范围50 毫米立体基线25毫米160°双目倾斜目镜架2个10×广角目镜PD 瞳距调节屈光度调节同轴冷光源照明装置滤光片（白/黄色）固定红光反射增强物镜f =200mm2 XY-coupling motorized 60X60mm电动XY移动装置3 Beamsplitter 50:50分光器 14 Stereoscopic Observer立体双目助手镜 15 Floor Stand FS1-12立式底座平衡支架 18 Mobile Z-Base Stand.8 Column,Weight Counter Balanced Spring Jiont Arm.可移动Z型底座。
显微镜的基础介绍
显微镜的基本结构可分为光学系统和机械装置两大部分。
一、显微镜的光学系统显微镜的光学系统主要包括物镜、目镜、聚光镜和光源系统四个主要部件。
其次还包括滤光片、载玻片和盖玻片。
（一）物镜物镜一般都是在物镜转换器上旋着。
它是显微镜的最主要部件。
显微镜的放大及分辩作用主要由它来担当。
其优劣直接决定了显微镜的主要光学性能。
为了校正象差和色差（所谓象差是指所成的像与原物在形状上的差别；色差是指所成的像与原物在颜色上的差别），物镜都由多块透镜组成，而且放大倍数越高，结构越复杂。
一般的物镜所观察到的像面总是有些弯曲，即靠中间部分清晰，靠边缘部分比较模糊，要想让边缘清楚，需要调节显微镜的微调钮。
但是边缘部分清楚后，中间部分又变的模糊了。
这除了不便观察外，更主要地是无法对其进行摄影。
有鉴于此尼康开发了平场物镜可以较好地校正像面弯曲，使整个视场平坦,但其结构也相应地复杂些。
在有的尼康高倍物镜和油镜内还装有弹簧，在物镜前端受压时，镜头可以退缩回来。
这样一方面可以保护镜头，另一方面也不会把载玻片和盖玻片压碎。
这种物镜称为弹簧物镜。
（1） 1.物镜的分类显微镜的物镜虽然细分起来多达数百种，但是一般可采用下述三种分法：根据象差消正情况可分三类：A.消色差物镜：这是最常见的物镜，虽然能完全校正光谱中的C线（红光）和F线（青光）的色差，但严格地说还不能完全矫正其他色光的色差，消色差物镜通常与惠通斯目镜配合。
B.复消色差的物镜：这种物镜中的透镜一部分用荧石制成，性能很高，能使光谱中的红光、蓝光和黄光在同一焦平面上成象，通常与补偿目镜配合使用。
C.平场物镜：以上两种物镜都存在共有的缺点，即是象面弯曲问题（场曲）。
由于场曲的存在而使视场边缘的象模糊不清，为此科学工作者前后又研制成功了平场消色差物镜和平场复消色差物镜。
所谓平场消色差物镜就是将物镜的场现象消除到最小程度，使视场边缘部分同样得到清晰的象，不过这种物镜的结构较为复杂，从设计到制造到增加了困难，尤其是平场复消色差物镜，它是在光学系统中加入弯月形厚透镜用来矫正物镜的象面弯曲。
显微镜基础知识(德泉)——【蔡司显微镜 精】
象散
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场曲
场曲（Curvature of field） 场曲又称“像场弯曲”。当透镜存在场
曲时，整个光束的交点不与理想像点重合，虽 然在每个特定点都能得到清晰的像点，但整个 像平面则是一个曲面。这样在镜检时不能同时 看清整个像面，给观察和照相造成困难。因此 研究用显微镜的物镜一般都是平场物镜，这种 物镜已经矫正了场曲。 在一个平坦的影 象平面上, 影像的清晰度从中央向外发生变化, 聚焦形成弧型, 就叫场曲.
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色 差矫 正
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球差定义
球差 亦称球面像差。轴上物点发出的光束，经光学系统以后，与光轴夹不同角度的光 线交光轴于不同位置，因此，在像面上形成一个圆形弥散斑，这就是球差。一般 是以实际光线在像方与光轴的交点相对于近轴光线与光轴交点（即高斯像点）的 轴向距离来度量它。
对于单色光而言，球差是轴上点成像时唯一存在的像差。轴外点成像时，存在 许多种像差，球差只是其中的一种。
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工作距离
不需要盖玻片
有盖玻片
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焦深的定义
焦深为焦点深度的简称，即在使用显微镜时，当焦点对准某一物体时，不仅位于该点平面上 的各点都可以看清楚，而且在此平面的上下一定厚度内，也能看得清楚，这个清楚部分的厚 度就是焦深。焦深大, 可以看到被检物体的全层，而焦深小，则只能看到被检物体的一薄层 1.焦深与总放大倍数及物镜的数值孔径成反比。 2．焦深大，分辨率降低。 由于低倍物镜的景深较大，所以在低倍物镜照相时造成困难。 焦深：物体上的点在镜头后的成像轴线上所能够获得的较清晰的成像距离。 焦深：指在保持影像较为清晰的前提下，焦点（焦平面）沿着镜头光轴所允许移动的距离。 焦深：与景深相互共轭的眼视网膜像位间的距离（不是很准确）。 焦深（简单的说）：镜头的像平面两边的成像清晰范围。 定义：焦深从像平面前开始，到达像平面时汇聚的光锥形成最小程度的弥散圈，然后在像平 面背后发散光锥延伸到焦深开始时同样的直径上时而消失，它的深度很小只为一英寸的百分 之几而已。因此焦深所提供的调焦宽容度很小。
德国目乐显微镜基础介绍
Ocular Eye
Parallel beam Objective lens
手术显微镜（体式显微镜）包含 必不可少三个部分： • Objective lens物镜组 • Binocular system目镜系统 • Illumination system光源系统 在物镜组和目镜系统之间通常会有变倍 适配器(magnification changer)或者 连续变倍系统(zoom system)。
目乐MOLLER公司历史
• MOLLER-WEDEL，GmbH • 1864成立专业技术公司 • 光学仪器 • 光学测试设备 • 镀膜技术
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MEDI-THERM GROUP
MOLLER-WEDEL，GmbH 1975目乐发明显微镜内自动变焦调节系统 • 显微镜更换物镜变焦距 • 显微镜不更换物镜变焦距 • 连续变焦、变倍
2002 World‘s first senso-servo drive OR microscope
SSD伺服传感器第一次在手术显微镜控制中采用，使手术显 微镜进入传感器测量，电脑控制新时代
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MEDI-THERM GROUP
德国目乐产品的质量保证
MOLLER-WEDEL，GmbH Quality, Environment 质量、环境认证 • ISO 9001, • EN 46001, • ISO 13485, • ISO 14001, • EG 761/2001
• 齿科 DANTAL
• 颌面外科 CMF/MKG
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MEDI-THERM GROUP
转像系统 光源
目镜 像
聚焦透镜
手术显微镜 光学结构示意图
放大转换系统 （伽利略望远镜）
显微镜的基本光学原理及重要技术参数
显微镜的基本光学原理及重要技术参数显微镜是一种利用透镜来放大微小物体的仪器。
它的原理基于光的折射现象和透镜成像原理。
其基本光学原理由两个主要部分构成：目镜和物镜。
1.目镜（又称为接眼镜）：目镜是显微镜中位于物镜与眼睛之间的透镜，它的主要功能是对物镜成像的物体进行进一步放大。
物体所形成的实像通过物镜，进一步被目镜放大并投射到人的眼睛中，通过眼睛来观察。
2.物镜：物镜是显微镜中最重要的组成部分之一，它在显微镜上方装入了一个透镜系统。
当物体被照射光线穿过物镜后，物体所形成的实像会根据透镜的放大倍数放大，并通过目镜进一步放大。
显微镜的重要技术参数：显微镜的性能参数直接影响到显微镜在实际应用中的成像质量和观察能力。
以下是显微镜的一些重要技术参数：1.放大倍数：指物体在显微镜中被放大多少倍。
显微镜的放大倍数由目镜和物镜的镜头组成，通常放大倍数以形式如10x、40x、100x等表示。
2.分辨率：指显微镜可以分辨出的最小细节大小。
分辨率越高，显微镜就能够显示出更小和更接近的细节。
3.视场：指通过显微镜目镜看到的实际宽度范围，通常以直径表示。
视场越大，显微镜可以显示更大范围的物体。
4.数字孔径：表示物镜对高空间频率成分的显示能力。
数字孔径越大，显微镜就能够显示更细微的细节。
5.工作距离：指从物镜到被观察样品之间的距离。
工作距离越大，显微镜就能够观察到更大和更厚的样品。
6.照明方式：指显微镜的光源类型和照明方式。
常见的照明方式有明场、暗场、偏光、荧光等。
7.调焦方式：指显微镜的调焦方式，常见的有粗调和细调。
细调可以实现更精细的对焦控制。
8.形象平面：指显微镜的透镜系统是否能够在成像过程中保持样品平面上的图像清晰。
以上是显微镜的基本光学原理及重要技术参数的详细介绍。
显微镜的光学原理和技术参数决定了显微镜的成像效果和使用范围，不同的参数可根据具体需求进行选择和调整。
光学显微镜的历史及基础知识
光学显微镜的历史及基础知识光学显微镜optical microscope利用光学原理把人眼所不能分辨的微小物体放大成像，以供人们提取微细结构信息的光学仪器。
简史早在公元前1世纪，人们就已发现通过球形透明物体去观察微小物体时可以使其放大成像。
后来逐渐对球形玻璃表面能使物体放大成像的规律有了认识。
1590年，荷兰和意大利的眼镜制造者已经造出类似显微镜的放大仪器。
1610年前后，意大利的伽利略和德国的J.开普勒在研究望远镜的同时，改变物镜和目镜之间的距离，得出合理的显微镜光路结构，当时的光学工匠遂纷纷从事显微镜的制造、推广和改进。
17世纪中叶，英国的R.胡克和荷兰的 A.van列文胡克都对显微镜的发展作出了卓越的贡献。
1665年前后，胡克在显微镜中加入粗动和微动调焦机构、照明系统和承载标本片的工作台。
这些部件经过不断改进，成为现代显微镜的基本组成部分。
1673～1677年期间，列文胡克制成单组元放大镜式的高倍显微镜,其中9台保存至今。
胡克和列文胡克利用自制的显微镜在动、植物机体微观结构的研究方面取得了杰出的成就。
19世纪，高质量消色差浸液物镜的出现使显微镜观察微细结构的能力大为提高。
1827 年G.B.阿米奇第一个采用浸液物镜。
19世纪70年代，德国人E.阿贝奠定了显微镜成像的古典理论基础。
这些都促进了显微镜制造和显微观察技术的迅速发展，并为19世纪后半叶包括R.科赫、L.巴斯德等在内的生物学家和医学家发现细菌和微生物提供了有力的工具。
在显微镜本身结构发展的同时，显微观察技术也在不断创新：1850年出现了偏光显微术，1893年出现了干涉显微术，1935年荷兰物理学家F.泽尔尼克创造了相衬显微术，他为此在1953年被授予诺贝尔物理学奖金。
古典的光学显微镜只是光学元件和精密机械元件的组合，它以人眼作为接收器来观察放大的像。
后来在显微镜中加入了摄影装置，以感光胶片作为可以记录和存储的接收器。
现代又普遍采用光电元件、电视摄象管和电荷耦合器等作为显微镜的接收器，配以微型电子计算机后构成完整的图象信息采集和处理系统。
NexiusZoom 双目 三目显微镜产品说明书
NZ.1903-SAuxiliary lenses 0.3x, 0.4x, 0.5x, 0.75x, 1.5x and 2.0x arealso available for the standard NexiusZoom and for theNexiusZoom EVO NZ.5313NZ.9505100330450360º360º340º310max1.000 maxFrom 0 to 295 max40NZ.1902-ANZ.1902-APS TA N D• E rgonomic designed pillar or rack & pinion stand with 3W incident and 3W transmitted LED illuminations (-P and -S stands)• E rgonomically designed pillar stand with two 3W goose-neck type incident LED illuminations on each side and a 3W transmitted LED illumination (-PL stand)• E rgonomic pillar stand with rotating mirror and 3W LED transmitted and incident illuminations (-M stand)• E rgonomic designed universal or boom stands, without illumination (-U, -B and BC stands)• A rticulated arm stand for table mounting or with heavy desktop stand, both without head holder, without illumination (-A and -AP stands)All pillar and rack & pinion stands are supplied with two object clamps. Alloy metal cast, hardened coating.S TAG E180 x 155mm X-Y mechanical stage with 76 x 55mm translation stage and transparent glass plate for NexiusZoom, fixed on stage of microscope. Only available with new microscopes (due to fixing), so it has to be ordered with the purchase of a microscope (See picture: NZ.9505)I L L U M I N AT I O N3 W transmitted and incident LED illuminators with internal power supply 100-240 V. Both illuminators can be used simultaneously and the light intensities can be adjusted separately. The universal single or double arm stands and the articulated stands can be equipped with the ring illuminatorsLE.1974 and LE.1973 with respectively 72 or 144 power LEDs controlled in segments, ideal for creating or lifting shades E S D S A F E M I C R O S CO P E SFor inspection and assembly applications. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the unwanted sudden flow of electricity between two electrically charged objects. ESD can cause a range of harmful effects as well as permanent damage to solid state electronics componentsEuromex therefore introduces electrostatic protected microscopes in the NexiusZoom range. The body and stand of the microscope are coated with a special static dissipative paint eliminating harmful electrostatic discharges making the microscopes suitable for all static-sensitive environmentsPAC K AG E CO N T E N TSupplied with power cord, dust cover, a spare fuse and user manual. All packed in a polystyrene boxN E X I U S Z O O M E V O 0.65-5.5 (W F 10X /23M M )N E X I U S Z O O M A N D N E X I U S Z O O M E S D 0.67- 4.5 (W F 10X /22M M )M O D E L SBinocularTrinocularPillar standRack & pinionstandUniversal standBoom standArticulated arm standGooseneck dual LEDAnti static ESDMirror LEDWeight (kg)NZ.1902-P•• 5.0NZ.1902-P-ESD•••5.0NZ.1902-PL•••5.1NZ.1902-M•••4.9NZ.1902-S•• 4.9NZ.1902-S-ESD•••4.9NZ.1902-U••15.6NZ.1902-U-ESD•••15.6NZ.1902-B••22.1NZ.1902-B-ESD•••22.1NZ.1902-BC (1)••10.5NZ.1902-A••8.6NZ.1902-AP(2)••20.7NZ.1903-P•• 5.2NZ.1903-P-ESD•••5.2NZ.1903-PL•••5.3NZ.1903-M•••5.1NZ.1903-S•• 5.1NZ.1903-S-ESD•••5.1NZ.1903-U••15.7NZ.1903-U-ESD•••15.7NZ.1903-B••22.2NZ.1903-B-ESD•••22.2NZ.1903-BC (1)••10.6NZ.1903-A••8.7NZ.1903-AP(2)••20.8M O D E L SBinocularTrinocularPillar standRack & pinionstandUniversal standBoom standArticulated arm standGooseneck dualLEDMirror LEDWeight (kg)NZ.1702-P•• 5.0NZ.1702-PL •••5.1NZ.1702-M •••4.9NZ.1702-S ••4.9NZ.1702-U ••15.6NZ.1702-B ••22.1NZ.1702-BC (1)••10.5NZ.1702-A ••8.6NZ.1702-AP (2)••20.7NZ.1703-P •• 5.2NZ.1703-PL •••5.3NZ.1703-M •••5.1NZ.1703-S ••5.1NZ.1703-U ••15.7NZ.1703-B ••22.2NZ.1703-BC (1)••10.6NZ.1703-A ••8.7NZ.1703-AP (2)••20.8(1) Boom stand model with tabletop clamp(2)Articulated stand model with heavy desktop base plateN E X I U S Z O O M E V O 0.65-5.5 (W F 10X /23M M )M AG N I F I C AT I O N SNexiusZoom standard& ESD: Working distance and field of view with standard HWF 10x / 22 High Wide Field eyepiecesZoom indication Auxiliary lens 0.3xWD 287 mmAuxiliary lens 0.4xWD 220 mmAuxiliary lens 0.5xWD 165 mmAuxiliary lens 0.75xWD 120 mmObjective 1x(standard) WD 110 mmAuxiliary lens 1.5xWD 53 mmAuxiliary lens 2xWD 30 mm Totalmag.FoVin mmTotalmag.FoVin mmTotalmag.FoVin mmTotalmag.FoVin mmTotalmag.FoVin mmTotalmag.FoVin mmTotalmag.FoVin mm0.672109,52,782,1 3.3565.7 5.043.8 6.732.810.121.913.416.4 0.72,1104,82,878,6 3.562.9 5.341.97.031.410.521.014.015.70.82,491,73,268,8 4.055.0 6.036.78.027.512.018.316.013.81.0373,3455,0 5.044.07.529.310.022.015.014.720.011.01.54,548,9636,77.529.311.319.615.014.722.59.830.07.32.0636,7827,510.022.015.014.720.011.030.07.340.0 5.53.0924,41218,315.014.722.59.830.07.345.0 4.960.0 3.74.01218,31613,820.011.030.07.340.05.560.0 3.780.0 2.8 4.513,516,31812,222.59.833.86.545.0 4.967.5 3.390.0 2.4Zoom indication Auxiliary lens 0.3xWD 287 mmAuxiliary lens 0.4xWD 220 mmAuxiliary lens 0.5xWD 165 mmAuxiliary lens 0.75xWD 120 mmObjective 1x(standard) WD 110 mmAuxiliary lens 1.5xWD 53 mmAuxiliary lens 2xWD 30 mm Totalmag.FoVin mmTotalmag.FoVin mmTotalmag.FoVin mmTotalmag.FoVin mmTotalmag.FoVin mmTotalmag.FoVin mmTotalmag.FoVin mm0.651,95117,92,688,5 3.2570.8 4.947.2 6.535.49.823.613.017.70.72,1109,52,882,1 3.565.7 5.343.47.032.910.521.914.016.40.82,495,83,271,9 4.057.5 6.038.38.028.812.019.216.014.41.0376,7457,5 5.046.07.530.710.023.015.015.320.011.51.54,551,1638,37.530.711.320.415.015.322.510.230.07.72.0638,3828,810.023.015.015.320.011.530.07.740.0 5.83.0925,61219,215.015.322.510.230.07.745.0 5.160.0 3.84.01219,21614,420.011.530.07.740.05.860.0 3.880.0 2..94.513,517,01812,822.510.233.8 6.845.0 5.167.5 3.490.0 2.65.516,513,92210,527.58.441.3 5.655.0 4.282.5 2.8110 2.1 WD = working distance, FoV = Field of view, Total mag. = total magnificationNexiusZoom EVO: working distance and field of view with standard High Wide Field (HWF) 10x / 23 eyepiecesNZ.1903-BNZ.1902-SNZ.1903-MNZ.1903-PLNZ.1902-PNZ.1902-UNZ.1903-P-ESDNZ.1903-U-ESDNZ.1903-S-ESD E S D S A F E M O D E L SBinocularTrinocularPillar standRack & pinion standUniversal standBoom standArticulated armstandAntistatic ESDWeight (kg)NZ.1902-P-ESD ••• 5.0NZ.1902-S-ESD ••• 4.9NZ.1902-U-ESD •••15.6NZ.1902-B-ESD •••22.1NZ.1903-P-ESD ••• 5.3NZ.1903-S-ESD •••5.1NZ.1903-U-ESD •••15.7NZ.1903-B-ESD•••22.2NexiusZoom ESDNZ.9005NZ.9000ACCE SS O R I E S A N D SPA R E PA R T SNZ.5302 NexiusZoom binocular head without head holder NZ.5303 NexiusZoom trinocular head without head holder NZ.5312 NexiusZoom EVO binocular head without head holder NZ.5313 NexiusZoom EVO trinocular head without head holder NZ.6010 Pair of HWF 10x/22 mm eyepiecesNZ.6010-C HWF 10x/22 mm eyepiece only with crosshairNZ.6010-CM HWF 10x/22 mm eyepiece only with 10/100 micrometer andcross hairNZ.6015 Pair of HWF 15x/16 mm eyepieces NZ.6020 pair of HWF 20x/12 mm eyepieces NZ.6110 HWF 10x/22 mm eyepiece with micrometerNZ.6210 Pair of HWF 10x/23 mm eyepieces for NexiusZoom EVONZ.6210-C H WF 10x/22 mm eyepiece only with crosshair for NexiusZoom EVO NZ.6210-CM HWF 10x/22 mm eyepiece only with 10/100 micrometer andcross hair for NexiusZoom EVONZ.6099 Pair of eyecupsNZ.8903 A dditional 0.3x lens. Working distance 287 mm. Only suitable formodels with universal, boom or articulated standsNZ.8904 A dditional 0,4x lens for NexiusZoom. Only suitable for models withuniversal or boom standsNZ.8905 A dditional 0.5x lens. Working distance 165 mm. Only suitable formodels with pillar or boom standsNZ.8907 A dditional 0.75x lens. Working distance 120 mm. Only suitable formodels with pillar or boom standsNZ.8915 Additional 1.5x lens. Working distance 45 mm NZ.8920 Additional 2.0 lens. Working distance 30 mm NZ.8950 Protection glass window, fits objective NZ.9000 Ergo pillar stand without illuminationNZ.9005 Ergo pillar stand with adjustable transmitted 3W LED illumination NZ.9010 Ergo rack & pinion stand with 3 W LED illuminators NZ.9015 Ergo pillar stand with 3 W LED illuminatorsNZ.9017 E rgonomically designed pillar stand with two 3W goose-neck typeincident LED illuminations on each side and a 3W transmitted LED illuminationNZ.9020 U niversal one-arm stand without NexiusZoom head holder andwithout illuminationNZ.9030 U niversal double-arm stand without head holder and withoutilluminationNZ.9032 U niversal double-arm stand with table clamp without NexiusZoomholderNZ.9042 Stand with rotating mirror and transmitted LED illuminationNZ.9090 NexiusZoom head holder (for NZ.9020, NZ. 9030 and NZ.9032)NZ.9095 N exiusZoom head holder with fine coarse (for NZ.9020, NZ. 9030and NZ.9032)NZ.9095-ADD N exiusZoom head holder with fine coarse ADD-ON forN Z.9020, NZ. 9030 and NZ.9032. Only available with new microscopesNZ.9025 A rticulated arm stand with table clamp (without NexiusZoom headholder). Not suitable for use in combination with auxiliary lensNZ.9027 A rticulated arm stand with heavy stand (without NexiusZoomhead holder)NZ.9081 N exiusZoom head holder (for articulated arm stand NZ.9025 andNZ.9027)NZ.9520 P olarization kit for NexiusZoom: 360° rotatable round stage withbuilt-in polarization filter (NZ.9524) + analyzer in mount to be screwed under head (NZ.9525)NZ.9524 360° rotatable round stage with built-in polarization filter forNexiusZoomNZ.9525 360° rotatable analyser in mount to be screwed under head ofNexiusZoom. Not suitable for use in combination with auxiliary lensesEuromexMicroscopenbv•Papenkamp20•6836BDArnhem•TheNetherlands•T+31(0)263232211•F+31(0)263232833•****************•NZ.9040 Dark Field attachment for NexiusZoom NZ.9950 Standard opaque stage plate NZ.9956 Black/white stage plate NZ.9570 Pair of object clamps for stageNZ.9572 Adjustable GEM object clamp for -P, -PL and -S stands NZ.9833 C -mount adapter with 0.33x lens for 1/3” cameras(suitable for trinocular models)NZ.9850 C -mount adapter with 0.5x lens for 1/2” cameras(suitable for trinocular models)NZ.9958 Standard glass object plate, opaqueNZ.9983 3 W Led replacement unit for NexiusZoom, incident illumination NZ.9983-R 3 W Led replacement unit for NexiusZoom, transmittedilluminationAE.1960 Round positioning tableAE.5168-NZ Heating stage with PID controller up to 50oC.Only with the purchase of a new microscopeAE.5130 U niversal Ø 23.2 mm tube adapter with built-in 2x lens forSLR photo camera with APS-C sensor. Needs T2 adapterAE.5025 T2 adapter for Nikon D digital SLR cameras AE.5040 T 2 adapter for Canon EOS digital SLR cameras Other T2 adapters on requestLE.1974 R ing illuminator with 72 LEDs with adjustable light intensity.External mains adapter 100-240 V. With segment controller. Brightness of 21.000 Lux at height of 100 mm and color temperature of 6.500K. Mounting diameter between 25-61 mmLE.1973 R ing illuminator with 144 LEDs with adjustable light intensity.External mains adapter 100-240 V. With segment controller. Brightness of 23.000 Lux at height of 100 mm and color temperature of 6.500K. Mounting diameter between 25-61 mmAE.1112 O bject micrometer 50 mm (divided in 500 parts on glass slide76 x 26 mm)。
光学显微镜介绍
光学显微镜介绍光学显微镜（简写OM）是利用光学原理，把人眼所不能分辨的微小物体放大成像，以供人们提取微细结构信息的光学仪器。
仪器简介光学显微镜结构显微镜是一种精密的光学仪器，已有300多年的发展史。
自从有了显微镜，人们看到了过去看不到的许多微小生物和构成生物的基本单元——细胞。
不仅有能放大千余倍的光学显微镜，而且有放大几十万倍的电子显微镜，使我们对生物体的生命活动规律有了更进一步的认识。
在普通中学生物教学大纲中规定的实验中，大部分要通过显微镜来完成，因此，显微镜性能的好坏是做好观察实验的关键。
历史发展早在公元前一世纪，人们就已发现通过球形透明物体去观察微小物体时，可以使其放大成像。
后来逐渐对球形玻璃表面能使物体放大成像的规律有了认识。
1590年，荷兰和意大利的眼镜制造者已经造出类似显微镜的放大仪器。
1610年前后，意大利的伽利略和德国的开普勒在研究望远镜的同时，改变物镜和目镜之间的距离，得出合理的显微镜光路结构，当时的光学工匠纷纷从事显微镜的制造、推广和改进。
17世纪中叶，英国的罗伯特·胡克和荷兰的列文虎克，都对显微镜的发展作出了卓越的贡献。
1665年前后，胡克在显微镜中加入粗动和微动调焦机构、照明系统和承载标本片的工作台。
这些部件经过不断改进，成为现代显微镜的基本组成部分。
1673～1677年期间，列文·虎克制成单组元放大镜式的高倍显微镜，其中九台保存至今。
胡克和列文·虎克利用自制的显微镜，在动、植物机体微观结构的研究方面取得了杰出的成就。
19世纪，高质量消色差浸液物镜的出现，使显微镜观察微细结构的能力大为提高。
1827年阿米奇第一个采用了浸液物镜。
19世纪70年代，德国人阿贝奠定了显微镜成像的古典理论基础。
这些都促进了显微镜制造和显微观察技术的迅速发展，并为19世纪后半叶包括科赫、巴斯德等在内的生物学家和医学家发现细菌和微生物提供了有力的工具。
在显微镜本身结构发展的同时，显微观察技术也在不断创新：1850年出现了偏光显微术；1893年出现了干涉显微术；1935年荷兰物理学家泽尔尼克创造了相衬显微术，他为此在1953年获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。
Euromex NexiusZoom 立体显微镜系列产品说明书
S T E R E O M I C R O S C O P E S F O R M AT E R I A L S A N DL I F E S C I E N C E SNexius ZoomThe new standard in microscopy2 |Unsurpassed imagesDesigned to be superior in accuracy and color reproduction, the highest possible resolution is reached with virtual no aberrations. Multilayer optical coatings ensure minimal light absorption and crisp images in every contrast method. Experience in ergonomics result in long working sessions without fatigue Using additional lenses and objectives, magnifications from 3.3 up to 180 times can be achievedNZ.8907 / NZ.8905NZ.5302 / NZ.53034 |E Y E P I E C E S• Extended Wide Field HWF plan 10x eyepieces with 22 mm field of view and adjustable diopter on both eyepiecesH E A D• Binocular or trinocular heads are with 45° inclined tubes • Both eyepieces have ± 5 diopter adjustments• The interpupillary distance is adjustable between 54 and 75 mmO B JE C T I V E• Zoom 1:6.7 objective for 0.67x to 4.5x magnifications • Field of view from 33 to 4.9 mm • Working distance of 110 mm • Additional lenses 0.5x, 0.75x, 1.5x and 2.0x are availableAll optics are anti-fungus treated and anti-reflection coated for maximumlight throughputGreenough Optical System.The newly optimised Greenough Optical System offers more depth of focus without compromising on low distortion and color aberrationNZ.1903-P-ESDThe body and stand of the microscopeare coated with a special electrostaticdissipative paint eliminating harmfulelectrostatic discharges making themicroscopes suitable for allstatic-sensitive environments 6 |NexiusZoom (ESD)Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the unwanted sudden flow of electricity between two electrically charged objects. ESD can cause a range of harmful effects as well as permanent damage to solid state electronicscomponentsEuromex therefore now introduces electrostatic protected microscopes in the NexiusZoom range. Special electrostatic dissipative paint eliminating harmful electrostatic discharges makes the microscopes suitable for all static-sensitive environments. Ideal for all kinds of industry, inspection and assembly applications| 7I L LU M I N AT I O NHigh power 3 W transmitted and incident LED illuminators with internal power supply for 100-240 V operation. Both illuminators can be used simultaneously and the light intensities can be adjusted separatelyE S D S AF E M I C R O S CO P E SElectrostatic protected microscopes for all kinds of industry, inspection and assembly applications Order references:For electrostatic discharge (ESD) safe microscope model add -ESD to the reference (see page 10)NZ.1903-P-ESD NZ.1903-U-ESDStands to match each applicationThe NexiusZoom stereo microscopes are supplied with a large choice of objectives and stands.Long working distances enable comfortable working under the microscope.Ideal for education, laboratories and industryThe NexiusZoom comes in several configurations like a pillar stand, rack & pinion stand but also a stable boom stand, which is ideal to handle large samples. Even an articulated stand for table mounting is available for which one can choose one of the Euromex LED ring light or cold light systems8 |S TA N D SThe rack & pinion and pillar stands of the NexiusZoom are equipped with an ergo-nomically designed, wide flat base. Complete with 2 object clamps and Ø 100 mm transparent and black/white stage plates and double LED illuminaton. The coarse adjustment is equipped with friction controlThe ergonomically designed universal (single arm) and boom (double arm) stand are ideal for looking at large samples or working under the microscope. Standard supplied without illuminationArticulated arm stand with table clamp for table mounting. Standard supplied without NexiusZoom head holder and illuminationSuitable for e.g. ring illuminators LE.1972 and LE.1973 with 60 or 144 power LEDs controlled in segments, ideal for creating or lift shades The stands are alloy metal cast, hardened off-white paintedPA C K A G I N GSmart Styrofoam packaging ensures a low environmental footprint while maintai-ning maximum safety during transport. Supplied with power cord, dust cover, eye cups, a spare fuse and user manual.YO U T U B ECheck out the product video on YouTube and learn more about this microscope YouTube channel: Euromex Optics Group B.V.NZ.1903-B double arm boom stand NZ.9020 universal single arm standNZ.9025 / NZ.9081 / NZ.5302Ergonomical rack and pinionstand of the NexiusZoom| 910 |BinocularTrinocularPillar standRack & pinionstandUniversal standBoom standArticulated arm standAntistatic ESDWeight (kg)NZ.1902-P ••5.0NZ.1902-S ••4.9NZ.1902-U ••15.6NZ.1902-B ••22.1NZ.1902-A ••8.6NZ.1903-P ••5.3NZ.1903-S ••5.1NZ.1903-U ••15.7NZ.1903-B ••22.2NZ.1903-A••8.7M O D E L STechnical specificationsBinocularTrinocularPillar standRack & pinionstandUniversal standBoom standArticulated arm standAntistatic ESDWeight (kg)NZ.1902-P-ESD ••• 5.0NZ.1902-S-ESD ••• 4.9NZ.1902-U-ESD •••15.6NZ.1902-B-ESD •••22.1NZ.1903-P-ESD ••• 5.3NZ.1903-S-ESD ••• 5.1NZ.1903-U-ESD •••15.7NZ.1903-B-ESD•••22.2E S D S AF E M O D E L SZoom indicationStandard objective 1x WD 110 mmAuxiliary lens0.3x WD 287 mmAuxiliary lens0.5x WD 165 mmAuxiliary lens0.75x WD 120 mmAuxiliary lens1.5x WD 45 mmAuxiliary lens2x WD 30 mmTotal magnificationField of view in mmTotal magnificationField of view in mmTotal magnificationField of view in mmTotal magnificationField of view in mmTotal magnificationField of view in mmTotal magnificationField of view in mm0.67 6.732.82109.5 3.3565.7 5.044.010.022.013.416.40.77.031.4 2.1104.8 3.562.9 5.341.910.521.014.015.70.88.027.5 2.491.7 4.055.0 6.036.712.018.316.013.81.010.022.0373.3 5.044.07.529.315.014.720.011.01.515.014.7 4.548.97.529.311.319.622.59.830.07.32.020.011.0636.710.022.015.014.730.07.340.0 5.53.030.07.3924.415.014.722.59.845.0 4.960.0 3.74.040.0 5.51218.320.011.030.07.360.0 3.780.0 2.84.545.04.913.516.322.59.833.86.567.53.390.02.4M AG N I F I C ATI O N SWorking distance (WD) and field of view with standard HWF 10x / 22 High Wide Field eyepieces| 11Accessories and spare partsv. 631421The Euromex Quality system is certified according to ISO 9001:2008 and supports our pursuit of continuous improvement and our on-goning commitment to provide our world-wide customersNZ.5302 NexiusZoom binocular head with eyepieces NZ.5303 NexiusZoom trinocular head with eyepieces NZ.6010 Pair of HWF 10x / 22 mm eyepieces NZ.6015 Pair of HWF 15x / 16 mm eyepieces NZ.6020 Pair of HWF 20x / 12 mm eyepieces NZ.6110 HWF 10x / 22 mm eyepiece with micrometer NZ.6099 Pair of eyecupsNZ.8903 Auxiliary lens 0.33x. Working distance 165 mm (not suitable for NZ.1902-S and NZ.1903-S) NZ.8905 Auxiliary lens 0.5x. Working distance 165 mm(not suitable for NZ.1902-S and NZ.1903-S)NZ.8907 Auxiliary lens 0.75x. Working distance 120 mm NZ.8915 Auxiliary lens 1.5x. Working distance 45 mm NZ.8920 Auxiliary lens 2.0x. Working distance 30 mm(not suitable for NZ.1902-S and NZ.1903-S)NZ.8950 Protection glass for NexiusZoom headNZ.9010 Ergonomic rack & pinion stand (with transmitted and incident LED illuminators)NZ.9015 Ergonomic pillar stand (with transmitted and incident LED illuminators)NZ.9020 Universal (single arm) stand (without NexiusZoom head holder)NZ.9030 Boom (double arm) stand (without NexiusZoom head holder)NZ.9090 NexiusZoom head holder(for NZ.9020 and NZ. 9030)NZ.9025 Articulated arm stand with table clamp (without NexiusZoom head holder)NZ.9081 NexiusZoom head holder(for articulated arm stand NZ.9025)AE.5168-NZ Heating stage with PID controller up to 50°C NZ.9505 Mechanical 180 x 155mm X-Y stagewith 76 x 55mm translation stage and transparent glass plate, fixed on stage of microscope.(Only available with new microscopes)NZ.9950 Standard opaque stage plate NZ.9956 Black/white stage plate NZ.9570 Pair of object clamps for stageNZ.9833 C-mount adapter with 0.33x lens for 1/3” cameras (suitable for trinocular models)NZ.9850 C-mount adapter with 0.5x lens for 1/2” cameras(suitable for trinocular models)AE.5130 Universal SLR camera adapterwith 2x projection lens for 23.2 mm tubes.Need T2 adapterAE.5025 T2 adapter for Nikon D digital SLR cameras AE.5040 T2 adapter for Canon EOS digital SLR camerasOther T2 adapters on requestLE.1972 Ring illuminator with 60 LEDs with adjustable light intensity. External mains adapter 100-240 V. With segment controller.Brightness of 8.500 Lux at height of 100 mm and color temperature of 6.400K.Max. internal mounting diameter 60 mm LE.1973 Ring illuminator with 144 LEDs with adjustable lightintensity. External mains adapter 100-240 V. With segment controller.Brightness of 20.000 Lux at height of 100 mm and color temperature of 6.400K. Max. internal mounting diameter 60 mm AE.1112 Object micrometer 50 mm(divided in 500 parts on glass slide 76 x 26 mm)50.876Dark field attachmentPB.5245 Lens cleaning paper, 100 sheets per pack PB.5274 Isopropyl alcohol 99% (200 ml)PB.5275 Cleaning kit: lens cleaning fluid, lint free lens tissue,brush, air blower, cotton swabsH E A D QUAR T E R S Euromex Microscopen bv Papenkamp 206836 BD ArnhemThe NetherlandsTel: +31 (0) 26 323 22 11 ****************SAL ES E X PO R T O F F I C E Euromex Microscopen Spain sl Carretera de Barcelona 88, Entresuelo Edificio Technomar08302 Mataró, SpainTel: +34 (0) 937 415 609****************。
Euromex NexiusZoom 立体显微镜产品介绍说明书
Stereo microscopesfor Materials and Life SciencesNexius ZoomThe new standard in microscopyEuromex NexiusZoom stereomicroscopes enable you toobserve your specimen withthe highest precision in threedimensional imagingThese high quality stereomicroscopes are perfect foranalyzing all kinds of materialsurfaces and for preparingbiological samplesFEATURES1 | Trinocular port for camera (optional)2 | Binocular and trinocular heads with WF 10x/22 mm or -23 mm eyepieces3 | Zoom ratio 1: 6.7x or 1: 8.4x4 | 6.7x to 45x or 6.5x to 55x standard magnification5 | Configurations from 2 to 220x magnificationstandard & EVODesigned to be superior in accuracyand color reproduction. Furthermore,the highest possible resolution is reachedwith virtually no aberrations. Multilayer opticalcoatings ensure minimal light absorptionand crisp images in every contrast method.Experience in ergonomics has resulted inmicroscopes allowing long working sessionsUsing additional lenses and objectives,magnifications from 2 up to 220 timesNexiusZoom EVOThe newly optimized GreenoughOptical System offers more depth offocus without compromising on lowdistortion and color aberrationESD SAFE MICROSCOPESElectrostatic protected microscopesfor all kinds of industry, inspection andassembly applicationsNZ.1903-P-ESDNZ.1903-U-ESDNZ.1903-P-ESD The body and stand of the microscope are coated with a special electrostatic dissipative paint eliminating harmful electrostatic discharges, thus making the microscope suitable for all static-sensitive environmentsNexiusZoomESDElectrostatic discharge (ESD) is the unwanted sudden flow of electricity between two electrically charged objects. ESD can cause a range of harmful effects as well as permanent damage to solid state electronic componentsTo solve this Euromex has introduced electrostatic protected microscopes in the NexiusZoom range. Special electrostatic dissipative paint eliminating harmful electrostatic discharges makes the microscope suitable for all static-sensitive environments. Ideal for all kinds of industry, inspection andassembly applicationshalogenfluorescenceLEDNZ.1702-GEMFNZ.1902-GEMLNZ.1902-GEMLthe adjustable iris enables easy light and contrast controlILLUMINATIONThe gemology models are available with two stands. Both are equipped with intensity adjustable 30 W halogen transmitted illumination towards the specimen at oblique angles. This enables the examination of specimen in perfect darkfield conditions. The incident illuminations are either intensity adjustable 1 W LED or a The ergonomic tilting stand allows easy adjustment between 0 and 45ºNexiusZoom for gemologyThe specialized backwards tilting stand of the NexiusZoom and NexiusZoom EVO stereo microscope for gemology applications offers 30 W halogen transmitted illumination towards the specimen at oblique angles. This enables the examination of your gems in perfectdarkfield conditions41235Ergonomic flat pillar stand, including incident and transmitted 3 W LED illumination, built-in 100-240 V power supply. Both illumination intensities can be adjusted Universal single-arm stand for free observation of (large) objects. Mounted on a heavy base for maximum stability. Supplied without illumination. However, a wide Ergonomic pillar stand with rotating mirror for oblique darkfield illumination. 100-240 V power supply, both illumination intensities can be adjusted separately.106879121311Universal double-arm stand for free observation of (large) objects.Mounted on a heavy base for maximum stability. Guided double arm that allows titling of the head. Supplied without illumination. However, a wide range of illumination systems is available. AP standillumination towards gems and stones at oblique angles in perfect darkfield and brightfield conditions. With stone holding tweezers and built-in Iris. Comes with additional 1 W LED incident illumination. Built-in NZ.903734156NexiusZoom illuminationGood illumination of an object is crucial for stereo microscopy. When the correct illumination is chosen the details of the observed object becomes more distinct. Comfort and desired light intensity are the factors that determine the choice223AE.19601Positioning table allows easy and precise positioning of objects when using high magnifications. The round positioning table AE.1960, ø 20 cm is ideal for moving objects smoothly and precisely around a central point. Suitable for all free hanging standsAE.5168-NZ2Heating stage with X/Y mechanical stage. Temperature range: up to 50°C. LED display for set temperature (1 degree) and measured temperature (0.1 degree). For -S and -P stands*NZ.9505NexiusZoomMechanical stages & positioning tablesStages can be an ideal tool for stereo microscopes when delicate positioning or heating of a specimen is neededNZ.95053Mechanical 180 x 155 mm X-Y stage with 75 x 75 mm translation and transparent glass plate.For –S and –P stands*The stages are designed for -S and -P stands. For other models, send your request* Supplied with new microscopes onlyWD = working distance, OH = object height, FoV = Field of view, Total mag. = total magnificationNZ.8903 NZ.8904 NZ.8905 NZ.8907 NZ.8915 NZ.8920MODELSSensorSensor size Max. frames (p/sec)Signal/Noise(db)Dynamic (db)Sensibility V/lux-secProduct numberCMEX-5 ProCMOS 143968.0 1.76DC.5000-PRO39100CMEX-10 Pro CMOS 835.563.50.31DC. 10000-PRO 25CMEX-18 ProCMOS642651.3DC. 18000-PRO1832Digital Solutions for NexiusZoomDigital Solutions CMEX 5, 10 & 18 PROThe Euromex digital solution products offer quick and accurate solutions for all industrial applications. Systems for computer and/or stand-alone use are available, measurement functions Check product quality, save images or videos, generate reports with great ease, high speed and accuracy This is a selection of the most popular cameras in the fieldDetailed information and all models are available The CMEX-5 Pro, -10 Pro and -18 Pro cameras are equipped with a 5.1, 10 or 18 MP CMOS sensor with 12 bits grayscale conversion and a 24 bits color rendering. These cameras are equipped with a USB-3 data interface enabling fast frame rate and are supplied with ImageFocus Alpha softwareNZ.1903-PGHD-Pro HDMI | VC.3038JEPG 1920 x1080 pixels ASF 1920x1080 pixels16 GB (max. 32 GB)0.036 ~ 8000 msUser defined gridlive and captured imagesThe Euromex HD cameras offer the perfect solution to modern microscopy VC.3038NZ.1903-PWF 10x/22 mm eyepiece only with crosshairs for NZ EVO micrometer anddditional 0.3x lens for NZ. Working distance 287 mm.dditional 0.4x lens for NZ. Working distance 220 mm.Only suitable for models with universal or boom standsdditional 0.5x lens for NZ. Working distance 183 mm.NZ.6210-CM NZ.9095HEADHOLDERSNZ.9520AE.1112A B365 nm6500 K C D395 nm420 nmv. 923281For your own safety it is highly recommended to wear protective orange glasses when using the 365 nm gooseneckEUROMEX MICROSCOPEN BV is a leading manufacturer of microscopes and other optical instruments. Founded in 1966, Euromex has become a world-class supplier of biological and stereo microscopesThe corporate office is based in Arnhem, The Netherlands. A facility with a 2.000 m2 conditioned logistics warehouse, an opto-mechanical workshop, an R&D department and a high-level quality control departmentAround the world, Euromex operates in more than 80 countries through distributors,resellers and agents. A wide variety of customers such as schools and educational institutes, clinical and research laboratories and a broad range of industrial customersare using Euromex microscopesThe Euromex Quality System is certified according to ISO9001:2015 and supports our pursuit of continuous improvement and our on-going commitment to provide our world-wide customers assurance of product qualityManagement SystemISO 9001:2015ID 0000037140G L O B A L H E A D Q UA R T E R SEuromex Microscopen bvPapenkamp 20 6836 BD Arnhem The NetherlandsTel: +31 (0) 26 323 22 11****************E U R O P E A N S A L E S OF F I C EEuromex Microscopen Spain sl Carretera de Barcelona 88, Entresuelo Esc. B - Local 908302 Mataró, Spain Tel: +34 (0) 937 415 609****************DISCLAIMERAll information and materials contained on this website have been prepared solely for the purpose of providing general information about the products offered by Euromex Microscopen bv. The content of and all information published on this website are provided in good faith as a convenience to you and may be used for information purposes only and at all times in accordance with these terms of accessEuromex Microscopen bv does not warrant the completeness or accuracy of information obtained from its website and does not undertake to update or correct its content or the information and/or materials contained on it on a regular basisEuromex Microscopen bv reserves the right to make improvements and/or changes to(including the removal of) the products described or referred to on the website and to delete and/or move any such information at any time and without notice ___Euromex is a registered trademark of Euromex Microscopen bv。
光学显微镜的原理和构造
光学显微镜的原理和构造2002.12.05随着科学技术的发展，显微镜检方法由最传统的明视野、暗视野发展出了相差法、偏光方法；荧光方法也由透射光激发进展为落射光激发，使荧光效率大为提高；微分干涉相衬方法基于偏光方法，而巧妙地利用了微分干涉棱镜，使之能应用于医学与生物学的样品，又能应用于金相样品的分析与检验。
下面以德国ZEISS公司生产的Axioplan万能研究用显微镜，简单介绍万能显微镜的基本组成部件。
1. 显微镜主机体（stand）显微镜的主机体设计成金字塔形，而底座的截面呈T字形，使显微镜的整体相当稳固。
显微镜的光学部件和机构调节部件、光源的灯室、显微照相装置、电源变压稳压器等，都可安装在主机体上或主机体内。
2. 显微镜的底座（base）底座和主机体通常组成一个稳固的整体。
底座内通常装有透射光照明光路系统（聚光、集光和反光）部件，光源的滤光片组，粗/微调焦机构，光源的视场光阑也安装在底座上。
3. 透射光光源（tranilluminator）透射光光源由灯室（lamp housing）、灯座（lamp socket）、卤素灯（halogen lamp）、集光与聚光系统（lamp collector and lamp condenser）及其调整装置组成。
4. 透射光光源与反射光光源的转换开关（toggle switch）这是新一代AXIO系列显微镜特有的装置，透射光和反射光可通用。
当具有透/反两用的配置时，利用这一转换开关能方便而又迅速的使透射光和反射光互相转换。
在纯透射光的配置中，这一开关就改为电源开关。
5. 电源开关（mains switch）与亮度调节旋钮（brightness control）电源开关用来接通或切断显微镜所需用的交流电源。
电源开关旋钮也可调节照明光源的亮度，使所观察的视域可随时获得适当的亮度，可调范围为3-12V。
作显微照相时，可根据曝光以及彩色底片色温的要求来调节灯光的亮度。