美国文学 课程ppt 03
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《美国文学》课件三.ppt
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Anne Bradstreet: "Contemplations (9)"
• Contemplations (9) • I heard the merry grasshopper then sing. • The black-clad cricket (蟋蟀) bear a second part; • They kept one tune and played on the same string, • Seeming to glory in their little art. • Shall creatures abject thus their voices raise • And in their kind resound their Maker's praise, • Whilst I, as mute, can warble (sing in a high voice but not
• Smith says of Pocahontas that she "hazarded the beating out of her owne braines to save mine."
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Captain John Smith: Life experiences
• On September 10, 1608, Smith became president of the council in the colony and orchestrated （organize）such improvements as expanding the settlement around the fort and repairing many buildings.
• His importance is more seen in his Puritanical doctrines; a representative of the idealistic aspect of American Puritanism and an emblem of the Calvinist beliefs and tenets.
Anne Bradstreet: "Contemplations (9)"
• Contemplations (9) • I heard the merry grasshopper then sing. • The black-clad cricket (蟋蟀) bear a second part; • They kept one tune and played on the same string, • Seeming to glory in their little art. • Shall creatures abject thus their voices raise • And in their kind resound their Maker's praise, • Whilst I, as mute, can warble (sing in a high voice but not
• Smith says of Pocahontas that she "hazarded the beating out of her owne braines to save mine."
4
Captain John Smith: Life experiences
• On September 10, 1608, Smith became president of the council in the colony and orchestrated （organize）such improvements as expanding the settlement around the fort and repairing many buildings.
• His importance is more seen in his Puritanical doctrines; a representative of the idealistic aspect of American Puritanism and an emblem of the Calvinist beliefs and tenets.
美国文学PPT
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Байду номын сангаас
Working Draft
Puritanism: American Puritans
Puritans want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices.
Puritans wish to restore simplicity to church services and the authority of the Bible to theology.
Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.
Religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.
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Working Draft
“Tenth Muse”
most famous poems—
“Contemplations”《沉思 录》
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Working Draft
The Literature of Reason and Revolution
“The Age of Reason” “American Enlightenment”
the first American
writer
A Description of New
England 《新英格兰叙事》 (1616)
General History of
Virginia《弗吉尼亚通史》（ 1642）
Pocahontas
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Working Draft
William Bradford (1590-1657)
Байду номын сангаас
Working Draft
Puritanism: American Puritans
Puritans want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices.
Puritans wish to restore simplicity to church services and the authority of the Bible to theology.
Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.
Religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.
4
Working Draft
“Tenth Muse”
most famous poems—
“Contemplations”《沉思 录》
8
Working Draft
The Literature of Reason and Revolution
“The Age of Reason” “American Enlightenment”
the first American
writer
A Description of New
England 《新英格兰叙事》 (1616)
General History of
Virginia《弗吉尼亚通史》（ 1642）
Pocahontas
6
Working Draft
William Bradford (1590-1657)
美国文学PPT
在1873年，塞丝和她的女儿丹芙住在辛辛那提附近农村地区124号 的一所房子里。由于塞丝过去的经历和她的孤傲，她们受到当地 人的排斥。自从逃出“甜蜜家园”农场后十八年已经过去了。这 个农场由一个被称之为老师的凶残的男人经营着，这个人一边允 许他的侄子们残害塞丝一边做笔录用以科学地研究黑人。因此， 已经怀孕的塞丝逃跑了，逃跑的路上在一个叫做艾米的白人妇女 的帮助下生下了孩子。此时理应陪在塞丝身边的丈夫却消失了。 带着四个孩子逃往辛辛那提后塞丝只享受了28天的自由便被她的 主人追到，塞丝试图把她的孩子全都杀死而不愿让他们沦为奴隶， 但最后只杀死了其中的一个。她的主人因为认为塞丝已不能继续 当仆人而丢弃了她，而塞丝也免于绞刑继续在124号抚养剩下的三 个孩子。死去孩子的灵魂开始出没于她们居住的房子，两个儿子 霍华德和巴尔格两度遇见灵魂后心惊胆战地离开了。祖母贝比"萨 格斯也因此伤心而患病死去。贝比"萨格斯以前在辛辛那提的黑人 社区有着相当大的影响力，被许多人热奉为鼓舞人心的“圣女”。 自从塞丝出事后她便放弃讲道卧病在床。她死后数年里塞丝和丹 芙孤独地继续生活在小房子里，特别是丹芙，虽然已经十八岁， 但还是不敢离开房子半步。
获奖
此外，莫里森还荣获下列奖项： 1977年 《所罗门之歌》获全国图书评论界奖（National Book Critics Circle Award） 1977年 或美国艺术与文学学院奖（American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Award） 1987-88年 获罗伯特·肯尼迪图书奖（Robert F. Kennedy Book Award） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获美国图书奖（American Book Award） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获安斯非尔德-沃尔夫种族关系图书奖（Anisfield-Wolf Book Award in Race Relations） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获普利策小说奖（Pulitzer Prize for Fiction） 1989年 美国现代语言协会联邦文学奖（MLA Commonwealth Award in Literature） 1993年 获法国艺术及文学司令勋章（Commander of the Arts and Letters ） 1994年 获孔多塞奖章（Condorcet Medal） 1994年 获赛珍珠奖（Pearl Buck Award） 1994年 获雷吉耶姆·朱里文学奖（Rhegium Julii Prize for Literature） 1996年 获全国图书基金美国文学突出贡献奖（National Book Foundation's Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters） 2000年 获全国人文奖章（National Humanities Medal）
外国文学史 美国文学课件
美国文化特点
• 历史短暂,多民族混合成的移民国家 • 自由原则是最基本的美国原则，是美国传统的起源。自由原则
的代表是《独立宣言》，其执笔人杰弗逊（1743-1826）是美 国文化三大创建者之一
• 美国民族是一个重视行动，强调务实的民族，这种务实精神是 美国民族生存的法宝，并积淀成一种民族的品质。务实精神的 代表是富兰克林（1706-1790），美国文化三大创建者之一。
• 比彻·斯托夫人 (1811-1896) 《汤姆 叔叔的小屋》
豪威尔斯（1837-1920）
• 现实主义奠基人 • 长篇小说《现代婚姻》 • 提倡“微笑的现实主
义”，实际创作中往 往表现为对美国现实 生活的粉饰和美化
亨利·詹姆斯(1843-1916)
⑴国际小说：美国人和欧洲人 因为文化背景的不同而产 生的冲突。
霍桑（1804-1864）
• 长篇：《红字》《七个尖 角顶的房子》《福谷传奇》 《玉石雕像》等
• 短篇小说集《古宅青苔》 《雪影》
• 霍桑小说表现了清教文学 的传统，“人皆有罪”， 悲观思想浓郁
• “心理罗曼史”，擅长人 物的心理刻画，被认为是 美国文学心理分析小说的
开创者。
Nathaniel Hawthorne
&库柏（1789-1851）《皮袜子故事 集》（《最后一个莫希干人》）
超验主义运动
• 19世纪30、40年代， 美国产生了超经验主义 思想运动，它是浪漫主 义的理论。
• 爱默生（1803-1883） 《论自然》，反对权威， 崇尚直觉，其核心是主 张人能超越感觉和理性 直接认识真理。
• 梭罗（1817-1862） 《瓦尔登湖》，自然、 人以及超验主义理想交 融汇合，浑然一体。
文学“美国梦”
• 历史短暂,多民族混合成的移民国家 • 自由原则是最基本的美国原则，是美国传统的起源。自由原则
的代表是《独立宣言》，其执笔人杰弗逊（1743-1826）是美 国文化三大创建者之一
• 美国民族是一个重视行动，强调务实的民族，这种务实精神是 美国民族生存的法宝，并积淀成一种民族的品质。务实精神的 代表是富兰克林（1706-1790），美国文化三大创建者之一。
• 比彻·斯托夫人 (1811-1896) 《汤姆 叔叔的小屋》
豪威尔斯（1837-1920）
• 现实主义奠基人 • 长篇小说《现代婚姻》 • 提倡“微笑的现实主
义”，实际创作中往 往表现为对美国现实 生活的粉饰和美化
亨利·詹姆斯(1843-1916)
⑴国际小说：美国人和欧洲人 因为文化背景的不同而产 生的冲突。
霍桑（1804-1864）
• 长篇：《红字》《七个尖 角顶的房子》《福谷传奇》 《玉石雕像》等
• 短篇小说集《古宅青苔》 《雪影》
• 霍桑小说表现了清教文学 的传统，“人皆有罪”， 悲观思想浓郁
• “心理罗曼史”，擅长人 物的心理刻画，被认为是 美国文学心理分析小说的
开创者。
Nathaniel Hawthorne
&库柏（1789-1851）《皮袜子故事 集》（《最后一个莫希干人》）
超验主义运动
• 19世纪30、40年代， 美国产生了超经验主义 思想运动，它是浪漫主 义的理论。
• 爱默生（1803-1883） 《论自然》，反对权威， 崇尚直觉，其核心是主 张人能超越感觉和理性 直接认识真理。
• 梭罗（1817-1862） 《瓦尔登湖》，自然、 人以及超验主义理想交 融汇合，浑然一体。
文学“美国梦”
美国文学 ppt课件
• Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.
• Religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a
wrathful GodOf Plymouth Plantation
ppt课件
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Anne Bradstreet (安妮·布拉 德斯特里特) (1612-1672)
the first American woman poet
a Puritan poet, once called “Tenth Muse”
• The spiritual life in the colonies during that period was molded by the bourgeois Enlightenment.
ppt课件
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2. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790):
• The Autobiography • Poor Richard’s Almanack
the first American writer
A Description of New England 《新英格兰叙事》 (1616)
General History of Virginia《弗吉尼亚通史》 （1642）
• Pocahontas
ppt课件
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William Bradford (1590-1657)
• Politics dominated the revolutionary phase of American writing.
• The crisis in American life carried by the Revolution made artists self-conscious about American subjects.
《文学美国文学》PPT课件
因为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的),
total depravity(人类是完全堕落的，所以
人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到
最好以取悦上帝), limited atonement (有
限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上
帝的拯救)
h
3
American Puritanism
Features of American Puritan
h
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2. Early American Puritan Writers
• John Smith, one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown: His descriptions about the new world became the source of information for the later settlers.
Exercise
Colonial period and Revolutionary period Early Romanticism Transcendentalism Late Romanticism
The age of Realism
Irving Franklin Cooper Emerson Hawthorne Twain James Dreiser Melville Thoreau
himself to writing Amh erican subject
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2. Evaluation. (Benjamin Franklin1706 – 1790)
1) He was a rare genius in human history. Everything seems to meet in this one man, mind and will, talent and art, strength and ease, wit and grace, and he became almost everything: a printer, postmaster, citizen, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, inventor, statesman, philosopher, political economist and ambassador.
《美国文学》课件.ppt
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• When he woke up, he noticed that his joints were stiff and that his beard had grown a foot long. Returning to his village, he found it changed almost beyond recognition.
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3) What does “this legendary superstition” refer to? (Para. 2) 4) What is “the general purport of this legendary superstition”? (Para. 3—Para. 4)
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5) Is the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” the story of the Headless Horseman? If not, what does the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” deal with?
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Literary Terms: 1.Protagonist: The leading character in a play or story, originally the leader of the CHORUS in the AGON (“contest”) of Greek drama, faced with the ANTAGONIST, the opposition.
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6) How many major characters are mentioned in the “legend”? Who are they? And what’s the relationship between them? Who is the protagonist? And who is the antagonist?
• When he woke up, he noticed that his joints were stiff and that his beard had grown a foot long. Returning to his village, he found it changed almost beyond recognition.
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3) What does “this legendary superstition” refer to? (Para. 2) 4) What is “the general purport of this legendary superstition”? (Para. 3—Para. 4)
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5) Is the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” the story of the Headless Horseman? If not, what does the “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” deal with?
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Literary Terms: 1.Protagonist: The leading character in a play or story, originally the leader of the CHORUS in the AGON (“contest”) of Greek drama, faced with the ANTAGONIST, the opposition.
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6) How many major characters are mentioned in the “legend”? Who are they? And what’s the relationship between them? Who is the protagonist? And who is the antagonist?
lecture_3 美国文学史课件
1.initiation fiction: initiation: rites ,ceremonies, trials, ordeals or instructions with which one is made a member of a sect, or society or is invested with a particular function or status; condition of being led or admitted into some experience or sphere of activity.
4. immature and uneducated boy as narrator: invention of Mark Twain (before him, only David Copperfield and Great Expectations: narrator as boys and as adults)
3. Features of James’ writing : a. international theme: b. psychological realism c. A stylist
-highly refined , polished, insightful, accurate
-large vocabulary - intricate construction
3. detailed description of character’s psychology
The novel is a kind of interior monologue of Huck from beginning to the end. Inner conflict -- Eg. Huck’s hesitation as to whether to report Jim/his attitudes towards what he saw and experience along the journey
4. immature and uneducated boy as narrator: invention of Mark Twain (before him, only David Copperfield and Great Expectations: narrator as boys and as adults)
3. Features of James’ writing : a. international theme: b. psychological realism c. A stylist
-highly refined , polished, insightful, accurate
-large vocabulary - intricate construction
3. detailed description of character’s psychology
The novel is a kind of interior monologue of Huck from beginning to the end. Inner conflict -- Eg. Huck’s hesitation as to whether to report Jim/his attitudes towards what he saw and experience along the journey
美国文学讲义参考ppt
欢乐山的五月柱》 《欢乐山的五月柱》
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Endicott and the Red Cross
恩地科特与红十字》 《恩地科特与红十字》
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Howe’s Masquerade
豪的面具》 《豪的面具》
9
Dr. Hidegger’s Experiment
海德格医生的实验》 《海德格医生的实验》
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The Bosom Serpent
﹡cold-blooded,
chilling, psychologically perverse, cruel, ugly, old, deformed, mean; ﹡always want to revenge ﹡an image of science man
Symbolic meaning of the letter “A” (P77): 1 Adultery 2 Able 3 Angel 4 Adamic
3 One source of evil that Hawthorne was concerned most is overreaching intellect. His intellectual characters are usually villains, dreadful because devoid of fellow feeling.
(1851)《有七个尖角阁的房子》 《有七个尖角阁的房子》
The Blithedale Romance
(1852)《福谷传奇》 《福谷传奇》
The Marble Faun
(1860)《玉石收神》 《玉石收神》
1
Earthy Holocaust
《大地的燔祭》 大地的燔祭》
2
Young Goodman Brown
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Endicott and the Red Cross
恩地科特与红十字》 《恩地科特与红十字》
8
Howe’s Masquerade
豪的面具》 《豪的面具》
9
Dr. Hidegger’s Experiment
海德格医生的实验》 《海德格医生的实验》
10
The Bosom Serpent
﹡cold-blooded,
chilling, psychologically perverse, cruel, ugly, old, deformed, mean; ﹡always want to revenge ﹡an image of science man
Symbolic meaning of the letter “A” (P77): 1 Adultery 2 Able 3 Angel 4 Adamic
3 One source of evil that Hawthorne was concerned most is overreaching intellect. His intellectual characters are usually villains, dreadful because devoid of fellow feeling.
(1851)《有七个尖角阁的房子》 《有七个尖角阁的房子》
The Blithedale Romance
(1852)《福谷传奇》 《福谷传奇》
The Marble Faun
(1860)《玉石收神》 《玉石收神》
1
Earthy Holocaust
《大地的燔祭》 大地的燔祭》
2
Young Goodman Brown
美国文学 PPT课件
➢ Chapter II Revolutionary Period
Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
➢ Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper William Cullen Bryant Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne
Brief Outline of American literature
1. Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
2. Revolutionary period
(1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
The early settlers
❖ Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492.
❖ Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
❖ Puritans came the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620.
❖ Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
2. Forms (genres) of literature? Poetry, novel (fiction), drama, prose, essay, epic, elegy, short story, journalism, ts, novelette, etc.
Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
➢ Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper William Cullen Bryant Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne
Brief Outline of American literature
1. Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
2. Revolutionary period
(1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
The early settlers
❖ Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492.
❖ Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
❖ Puritans came the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620.
❖ Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
2. Forms (genres) of literature? Poetry, novel (fiction), drama, prose, essay, epic, elegy, short story, journalism, ts, novelette, etc.
3美国文学课件
Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime, And , departing , leave behind us Footprints on the sands of time; Footprints that perhaps another, Sailing o'er life's solemn main, A forlorn and shipwrecked brother, Seeing, shall take heart again
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, John Greenleaf Whittier, Oliver Wendell Holmes, James Russell Lowell, and William Cullen Bryant are the poets most commonly grouped together under this heading. In general, these poets preferred conventional forms over experimentation, and this attention to rhyme experimentation, and strict metrical cadences made their work popular for memorization and recitation in classrooms and homes. They are most remembered for their longer narrative poems (Longfellow's Evangeline and Hiawatha, Whittier's Snow-bound) that frequently Snow-bound) used American legends and scenes of American home life and contemporary politics (as in Holmes's "Old Ironsides" and Lowell's anti-slavery poems) as antitheir subject matter.
美国文学课件(Emerson and Thoreau)PPT教学课件
• Other influences on Emerson’s later thinking included
– his own Unitarian-Yankee background
– his admiration for Plato and the neo-Platonism
– his study of the sacred bocks of the East
American Literature
Lecture Six
Emerson and Thoreau
Ralph Waldo Emerson
(18031882)
• Born in Boston, the son of a Unitarian (一神教的) minister who was a member of an old Puritan family.
• During a tour of Europe (1832-33), he met Carlyle, Wordsworthom he became intimately associated with the transcendental thought and its sources with the German idealism.
• After his father’s death, he was raised by his mother and an aunt, Mary Moody Emerson, a zealously pious woman who expressed her sardonically critical mind in a style her nephew admired and imitated.
• After graduation in 1821 he took over his brother’s Boston school for young ladies, although with some misgivings
– his own Unitarian-Yankee background
– his admiration for Plato and the neo-Platonism
– his study of the sacred bocks of the East
American Literature
Lecture Six
Emerson and Thoreau
Ralph Waldo Emerson
(18031882)
• Born in Boston, the son of a Unitarian (一神教的) minister who was a member of an old Puritan family.
• During a tour of Europe (1832-33), he met Carlyle, Wordsworthom he became intimately associated with the transcendental thought and its sources with the German idealism.
• After his father’s death, he was raised by his mother and an aunt, Mary Moody Emerson, a zealously pious woman who expressed her sardonically critical mind in a style her nephew admired and imitated.
• After graduation in 1821 he took over his brother’s Boston school for young ladies, although with some misgivings
《美国文学》课件3
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3. Franklin’s style of writing:
simplicity; clarity; directness; conciseness; flexibility
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4. The thirteen virtues Franklin set for himself 1) Temperance: Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation. 2) Silence: Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation. 3) Order: Let all your things have their places; let each part of business have its time.
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10)Cleanness: Tolerate no uncleanness in body, clothes, or habitation. 11)Tranquility:Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable. 12)Chastity:Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another’s peace or reputation. 13)Humility:Imitate Jesus and Socrates (469-399 B. C.).
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One of the preeminent scientists of his day. His research and contributions in the field of electricity led him to be called “the new Prometheus who has stolen fire from heaven” by Kant and to his recognition by the Royal Society of Londent belief that the new world was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and management, and that “one man with tolerable abilities will work great changes and accomplish great affairs among mankind” ; celebrates the fulfillment of the American dream.
《美国文学》一PPT课件
• 5. Don’t expect me (or anybody else) to discuss everything about a writer or a literary work as a teacher of intensive reading does; don’t expect me to write everything I say on the blackboard. This is not at all the proper method of studying literature.
V. The Survey of Selected Readings in American Literature
• American Puritanism
(the early 17th century--the end of the 18th)
1706-1790
1703-1758
V. The Survey of Selected Readings in American Literature
• 4. The major representatives in this period were John Smith (1588-1649), William Bradford (1590-1657), John Winthrop (1588-1649), and Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672).
• 1. Basic knowledge of American literary works
• 2. Basic knowledge of world literary classics,particularly those of ancient Greece
V. The Survey of Selected Readings in American Literature
• American Puritanism
(the early 17th century--the end of the 18th)
1706-1790
1703-1758
V. The Survey of Selected Readings in American Literature
• 4. The major representatives in this period were John Smith (1588-1649), William Bradford (1590-1657), John Winthrop (1588-1649), and Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672).
• 1. Basic knowledge of American literary works
• 2. Basic knowledge of world literary classics,particularly those of ancient Greece
美国文学及其特色 PPT课件
美国文学的共性
• 经常出现的“美国梦”主题 • 作品主题或文学体裁往往和美国的
地理、历史有关 • 个人和社会的冲突和矛盾、社会进
步毁坏了大自然和人的天性 • 少年成长的故事(initiation story) • 开放性结尾
美国梦American Dream
菲兹杰拉德/F. Scott Fitzgerald 《了不起的盖茨比》
美国文学
北京外国语大学
吴冰
美国文学
第一讲 美国文学及其特色
第二讲 马克·吐温的 《哈克贝利·费恩历险记
第三讲 20世纪亚裔美国文学 的兴起
美国文学及其特色
• 美国诺贝尔文学奖得主 • 美国文学的特色 • 美国文学的共性 • 理解、欣赏美国文学应具备的背景知识 • 学习方法 • 推荐书目 • 参考书 • 思考题
少年成长的故事
马克·吐温 Mark Twain 《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
克莱恩 Crane 《红色英勇勋章》 The Red Badge of Courage
塞林格 Salinger 《麦田的守望者》
The Catcher in the Rye
Huckleberry Finn, 1884)
推荐书目
西奥多·德莱塞（Theodore Dreiser） 《嘉莉妹妹》（Sister Carrie, 1900）
司各脱·菲兹杰拉德 (F. Scott Fitzgerald) 《了不起的盖茨比》(The Great Gatsby, 1925) 厄纳斯特·海明威 (Ernest Hemingway) 《太阳照样升起》(The Sun Also Rises, 1926) 《永别了，武器》（A Farewell to Arms, 1929） 《老人与海》(The Old Man and the Sea, 1952) 托妮·莫里森 (Toni Morrison) 《宠儿》(Beloved, 1987) 汤亭亭(Maxine Hong Kingston) 《中国佬》(China Men, 1980)
美国文学选读03PPT课件
United States. 第一个在美国出版书的女性
Mrs. Bradstreet's work also serves as a document of
the struggles of a Puritan wife against the hardships of
New England colonial life, and in some way is a
.
3
Edith Wharton
.
4
Sarah Winnemucca
.
5
Kate Chopin
.
6Americຫໍສະໝຸດ n Women WritersFor 19th-century women, writing for publication was intruding into the hitherto masculine world of letters. Many women writers remained outside or on the margins of the literary marketplace, especially during their lifetimes. Many wrote under pseudonyms笔名 or anonymously. But others became prominent writers in mid-19th-century America.
The Voice of American Women:
An Overview of American Women Writers
The Voice of American Women
Hannah Adams Anne C. Lynch Botta Julia A. Dyson Elizabeth M. Chandler
Mrs. Bradstreet's work also serves as a document of
the struggles of a Puritan wife against the hardships of
New England colonial life, and in some way is a
.
3
Edith Wharton
.
4
Sarah Winnemucca
.
5
Kate Chopin
.
6Americຫໍສະໝຸດ n Women WritersFor 19th-century women, writing for publication was intruding into the hitherto masculine world of letters. Many women writers remained outside or on the margins of the literary marketplace, especially during their lifetimes. Many wrote under pseudonyms笔名 or anonymously. But others became prominent writers in mid-19th-century America.
The Voice of American Women:
An Overview of American Women Writers
The Voice of American Women
Hannah Adams Anne C. Lynch Botta Julia A. Dyson Elizabeth M. Chandler
《美国文学》教学课件 American Romanticism
Drama: tragedy, comedy
Gothic novel
Gothic novel emphasizes the grotesque mysterious and desolate. It is an ancestor of the modern mystery story , fantasy, and science fiction.
Ideology: Nationalism Patriotism Optimism Puritanism
Foreign influences
Sir Walter Scott,
with his border tales, helped toward the development of American Indian romance and the romantic description of landscape in America literature. ( Cooper )
-----William Wordsworth
2. The Characteristics of American Romanticism.
1) .Early American romantics often modeled their writing on Europe works.
2). The subjects of American Romantic authors were often national ideals of individualism ,democracy ,history and frontier life of the new nation.
--- Robert Burns
I wandered lonely as a cloud
Gothic novel
Gothic novel emphasizes the grotesque mysterious and desolate. It is an ancestor of the modern mystery story , fantasy, and science fiction.
Ideology: Nationalism Patriotism Optimism Puritanism
Foreign influences
Sir Walter Scott,
with his border tales, helped toward the development of American Indian romance and the romantic description of landscape in America literature. ( Cooper )
-----William Wordsworth
2. The Characteristics of American Romanticism.
1) .Early American romantics often modeled their writing on Europe works.
2). The subjects of American Romantic authors were often national ideals of individualism ,democracy ,history and frontier life of the new nation.
--- Robert Burns
I wandered lonely as a cloud
《美国文学》教学课件Literature of the Eighteenth Century
• Poor Richard’s Almanack • An almanack is a book that gives vital
information for the years, the seasons, the sunrise and the sunset, accurate information on tides, as well as information on how to plant certain crops , how to cure hens, etc. all are practical information important to farmers.
The History and the Influence of Enlightenment
2.Newtonian ideas:
a. The universe is seen as a mechanism operating by a rational formula or by unchanging laws available to intelligent humans.
3.The Influence of the Newtonian ideas:
C. Americans believed that more reasonable political and social orders should be established.
D. Americans also learned to take actions to resist oppressive power and to criticize and reform government.
Autobiography
• C. The Autobiography is also an eloquent education of the ideas of the 18th.c. Using his life story as a shining example, Franklin eloquently demonstrated all the major principles of the enlightenment in America.
information for the years, the seasons, the sunrise and the sunset, accurate information on tides, as well as information on how to plant certain crops , how to cure hens, etc. all are practical information important to farmers.
The History and the Influence of Enlightenment
2.Newtonian ideas:
a. The universe is seen as a mechanism operating by a rational formula or by unchanging laws available to intelligent humans.
3.The Influence of the Newtonian ideas:
C. Americans believed that more reasonable political and social orders should be established.
D. Americans also learned to take actions to resist oppressive power and to criticize and reform government.
Autobiography
• C. The Autobiography is also an eloquent education of the ideas of the 18th.c. Using his life story as a shining example, Franklin eloquently demonstrated all the major principles of the enlightenment in America.
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A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines. To be great is to be misunderstood.
Quotations for further appreciation
Special features
Mode of perception
A. Self-reliance SelfEmerson’ Emerson’s real task as a writer is to demonstrate a way of seeing in which the individual eye, free of constraints of history or culture, achieves ultimate meaning through its own perception of the sensible data of the world. Ultimate meaning for him is latent in the act of perception, in the link which perception realizes between the self and objects, not in the systemization of abstract ideas derived from the analysis of perception.
Every true man is a cause, a country, and an age; requires infinite spaces and numbers and time fully to accomplish his design; - and posterity seem to follow his steps as a train of clients.
Quotations for further appreciation
I ought to go upright and vital, and speak the rude truth in all ways. It is easy in the world to live after the world’ world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.
Literary Transcendentalism:
term
It refers to a kind of attitude that believes in the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses. In another word, transcendentalists believe that man learns things not only through reasoning based on his five senses, or by his own sensual experiences, and that he also learns
Hence, when Emerson calls for selfselfreliance, he means primarily the inward activity, that is, the soul engaged in seeing, which is not so much a moral injunction as the beginning of vision.
Men imagine that they communicate their virtue or vice only by overt actions, and not see that virtue or vice emit a breath every moment. Instead of the gong for dinner, let us hear a whistle from the Spartan fife. Let us never bow and apologize more.
Chapter Three
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 -1883) Born in Boston to a clerical tradition. Leader of the transcendentalist movement in America. Journals and speeches were the forms of communication most natural to him.
Text study: Self- Reliance SelfTheme of Self-Reliance (1841) Self-
This essay focuses on his discussion on the individual’s relations with his individual’ culture – culture in the broadest definition, thus exploring the implications of the fierce individualism at the heart of his Transcendental faith: the dignity, the ultimate sanctity of each human being.
B. Symbolic vision
For Emerson, the external world, that is, nature and the whole universe, is the embodiment of the internal or the spiritual world. In symbolic perception the irreconcilable elements of the 18th century philosophy, such as mind and matter, the inner world of value and the outer world of fact, have no separate existences but are ways of talking about a single, unitary act.
Poetic language
1. He skillfully uses some figures of speech, such as metaphors and similes, to drive home the comparison he wants to make. 2. Symbols, images, are widely used to make clear and vivid his metaphysical discussion of the over-soul, the Spirit, nature, and the overindividual man.
The distinction between subject and object vanishes, and in its place is an immediate grasp, through the symbols of nature, of the organic relation between human consciousness and what is outside of it, or of the organic unity of all parts of Being. Nature, to a great extent, illustrates the centrality of the symbolic method to his thought.
Questions to ponder
In what way do you see Transcendentalism in the parts we have studied? Do you agree with Emerson’s philosophy of Emerson’ selfself-reliance mean? self-