100篇英文经典文献

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国际关系史经典英文文献选读(英文版)

文章标题：探寻国际关系史：经典英文文献选读导言在当今全球化的时代，国际关系史作为一个重要的学科领域，对于理解世界格局、国家间关系形成和演变具有重要意义。

本文将为您推荐一些经典的英文文献，以探寻国际关系史的深度和广度。

一、《The Thirty Years War: Europe's Tragedy》这本书深入分析了17世纪欧洲的三十年战争，探讨了战争的背景、原因、影响和对当时国际秩序的重大影响。

战争期间，欧洲的政治、宗教和经济格局发生了巨大变化，对整个欧洲乃至全球的影响都是深远的。

这本书可以帮助我们理解欧洲近代国际关系史中的重要事件和演变。

二、《Diplomacy》这是一部介绍外交和国际关系史的经典著作，作者是美国著名历史学家亨利·基辛格。

基辛格以其独特的视角和丰富的实践经验，解析了外交的本质和国际关系的规律。

书中涵盖了从近代国际关系的起源和发展，到当代国际体系的变革和演进，对于了解国际关系史的发展轨迹和演变规律有很大帮助。

三、《The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000》这本书从经济和军事两个视角，系统地分析了世界各个国家的崛起和衰落。

通过对历史上大国的兴衰案例进行研究，揭示了国家实力和国际地位之间的内在联系。

了解这些大国兴衰的历史规律，对于当前世界政治格局的理解具有重要意义。

结语通过对上述经典英文文献的阅读，我们能够深入了解国际关系史中的重要事件、规律和发展轨迹。

这些文献不仅帮助我们理解国际关系的深度和广度，同时也为我们提供了深刻的思考和启发。

在当今多变的国际局势中，我们需要从历史的经验中汲取智慧，不断丰富和完善自身的国际关系史知识体系。

希望大家都能通过阅读这些经典文献，开阔思维，深入研究国际关系史，为促进世界和平与发展贡献自己的力量。

哲学英文文献

哲学英文文献这里有几篇哲学方面的英文文献，可供您参考：1. "The Metaphysics of Morals" by Immanuel Kant: This is a seminal work in moral philosophy, in which Kant develops his categorical imperative and the principles of right and wrong.2. "The Republic" by Plato: This is a foundational text in political philosophy, in which Plato explores the nature of justice and the ideal political order.3. "The Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus" by Ludwig Wittgenstein: This is a highly influential work in the philosophy of language and logic, in which Wittgenstein challenges the traditional view of language and thought.4. "The Will to Power" by Friedrich Nietzsche: This is a collection of Nietzsche's polemical essays and aphorisms on philosophy, culture, and psychology, in which he attacks the traditional concepts of truth and morality.5. "Philosophical Investigations" by Wittgenstein: This is a collection of Wittgenstein's later writings on philosophy, in which he challengesthe traditional view of language and thought and explores the nature of meaning and understanding.这些文献都是哲学领域的经典之作，对于深入了解哲学的各个分支和思想流派非常有帮助。

行政管理学学科领域的英文文献

行政管理学学科领域的英文文献以下是关于行政管理学学科领域的一些经典英文文献：1. Dunn, W. N. (2012). Public Policy Analysis: An Introduction. Pearson Education.（邓恩，《公共政策分析：导论》，第二版，2012年）2. Pollitt, C., & Bouckaert, G. (2011). Public Management Reform:A Comparative Analysis. Oxford University Press.（波利特与布克尔特，《公共管理改革：比较分析》，2011年）3. Box, R. C., & Ranson, S. (2014). Models of Democracy: A Comparative Study of Administrative Governance. Routledge. （波克斯与兰森，《民主模式：行政治理的比较研究》，2014年）4. Frederickson, H. G. (1997). The Spirit of Public Administration:A Principle-centered Approach. Jossey-Bass.（弗雷德里克森，《公共行政的精神：一个以原则为中心的方法》，1997年）5. Rosenbloom, D. H., & Kravchuk, R. S. (2008). Public Administration: Understanding Management, Politics, and Law in the Public Sector. McGraw-Hill.（罗森布卢姆与克拉夫楚克，《公共管理：理解公共部门的管理、政治与法律》，2008年）6. Wilson, W. (1887). The Study of Administration. Political Science Quarterly, 2(2), 197-222.（威尔逊，《行政学的研究》，《政治科学季刊》，第2卷，第2期，1887年）7. Hood, C. (1991). A Public Management for All Seasons? Public Administration, 69(1), 3-19.（胡德，《面向一切季节的公共管理？》，《公共行政学》，第69卷，第1期，1991年）这些文献涵盖了行政管理学学科的各个方面，包括公共政策分析、公共管理改革、行政治理模式、行政原则与价值观等。

fdi英文参考文献

fdi英文参考文献在研究外国直接投资（Foreign Direct Investment，简称FDI）的英文参考文献方面，以下是一些常见的文献推荐：1. Dunning, J. H. (1993). Multinational enterprises and the global economy. Addison-Wesley.这本书是外国直接投资领域的经典之作，由著名学者Dunning撰写。

书中系统地探讨了跨国企业和全球经济之间的关系，对FDI的发展和影响进行了深入研究。

2. Blomström, M., Lipsey, R. E., & Zejan, M. (1994). What explains developing country growth? NBER Working Paper No. 4132.这篇工作论文探讨了发展中国家经济增长的原因，其中包括外国直接投资的影响。

作者通过实证研究，提供了对FDI对发展中国家经济增长的解释。

3. Alfaro, L., Chanda, A., Kalemli-Özcan, S., & Sayek,S. (2004). FDI and economic growth: the role of local financial markets. Journal of International Economics,64(1), 89-112.这篇文章研究了外国直接投资和经济增长之间的关系，并关注了当地金融市场的作用。

作者通过分析多个国家的数据，得出了FDI对经济增长的积极影响，以及金融市场在这一过程中的重要作用。

4. Jensen, N. M. (2003). Democratic governance and multinational corporations: Political regimes and inflows of foreign direct investment. International Organization, 57(3), 587-616.这篇文章研究了民主治理与跨国公司之间的关系，特别关注了政治体制对外国直接投资流入的影响。

经典的英语文章阅读

经典的英语文章阅读经典的英语文章阅读（精选14篇）文体分为文章体裁和文学体裁。

其中文章体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文。

文学体裁包括诗歌、小说、戏剧、散文。

下面是小编整理的经典的英语文章阅读，欢迎大家阅读。

经典的英语文章阅读篇1Most of us are taught to pay attention to what issaid-the words.Words do provide us with some information,but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectivenessas a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily onwords alone.Words are used to describe only asmall part of the many ideas we associate with any given message.Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words.We dont always say what we mean or mean what we say.Sometimes our words dont mean anything except Im letting off some steam.I dont really want you to pay close attention to what Im saying.Just pay attention to what Im feeling.Mostly we mean several things at once.A person wanting topurchase a house says to the current owner,This step has to be fixed before Ill buy.Theowner says,Its been like that for years.Actually,the step hasnt been like that for years,but the unspoken message is: I dont want to fix it.We put up with it.Why cant you?The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message interms of who said it,when it occurred,the related conditions or situation,and how it was said.When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning.Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing.But one couple always kisses afteranargument and the other couple always argues after a kiss.The ordering of the behaviors maymean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior.A friends unusually docile behaviormay only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormalamount of assertiveness.Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern ofresponses and defy logic.For example,a person who says No! to a serials of charges likeYoure dumb,Youre lazy,and Youre dishonest,may also say No! and try to justify hisor her response if the next statement is And youre good looking.经典的英语文章阅读篇2Dear,it is raining now,can you hear itDear,I am missing you now,can you feel itDear,do you remember those wonderful days we spent together,I jus t can’t bear smiling when thinking of you Dear,do you remember we walked along the street that afternoon and now I can still feel the gentle windDear,do you remember?do you understand ?Dear,I can never request you to love me,even in hope of itDear,I kno w I can never compare with her,I don’t have beautiful appearance and a figure of goldDear,I just want you to know,what I want is very small and simple.I will be more than happy to see you and talk with you Dear,I just want to be your friends as usual,and we can talk about current affairs easily and even comment President Bush’s policy freelyDear,I still don’t know,why do you cheat me! She is my friend,my best friend,certainly I know I will give you my best wishes......Dear,I still remember your words,your only words: I wish youto study hard and make more progress so that you can enter Beijing normal university and your dream will come true.There will be plenty of excellent boys in that university and each one will be much better than I,I just don't deserve youDear,I said nothing at that moment,but,but,only I know when I turned around,tears can’t help fallingDear,I haven’t seen you for two years,and now maybe my dream has come true,and I already learnt to protect myself..but why are you keeping on cheating me?I don’t want the world to see me,because I don’t think that they can understandWhen everything is made to be broken,I just want you to know who I am经典的英语文章阅读篇3December 13,an ordinary day in this special year,d oesn’t mean anything much to me.I went to work at 8:30am as usual,prepared for an important official meeting and called several of my business partners.My mind was filled with all of paper work stuff until I saw the calendar on my desk.Oh,no! It’s going to be the year end!Too many unforgettable things have happened on me that I don’t even know which I should recall first.I joined the government,went to South Africa,Hawaii,interpreted for the vice mayor of the city,met lots of foreign businessmen,divorced with Maggie and decided to leave for where I was in year 2001.Life is quite sarcastic,because my career journey looks like a big circle.I joined the Labor Bureau as an intern in 1997; I left for Singapore the next year and came home in 2000.I stayed in FX for 4 years and ended up resigned for Maggie (because a couple is not allowed to work in the same dept in FX).Now I came backto government.When I looked back at the road I had been walking on,I saw a big circle!2005,the governmental events year! I’ve exp erienced the Korean Week,Japanese Week,the CIEME (China International Equipment Manufacturing Expo),The CEO Forum of the World Top 500 Companies,Shenyang Utilizes Agents to get investment meeting…etc.Now I know I can make my resume more complicated but attractive!My marriage is considered a total failure this year! I take it as my fate and start to face my new life.It’s really hard,though! Leaving a girl who’d been with me for 5 years is not an easy-to-make decision! The lesson is costly.The wounds,cuts and whatever injures caused by my marriage will be sewed up soon.Anyway,I said farewell to her,and to the year 2005.Christmas is coming.The New Year is coming.It seems as if I had seen the dawn already! This winter is freezing cold,but my heart are no more frozen!经典的英语文章阅读篇4The waterfall behind our house at the lower end of Lake Edenwold is a thundering cascade of spring runoff from the melting snows of winter.It's been a three-week drum roll leading up to today,when the cymbal will crash and the earth will arrive at that point in its orbit around the sun where it will be light for as many hours as it will be dark.Today is really the celestial climax to a prelude whose crescendo has been growing now for a month in the forests and lakes all around us.Beginning in late February and through the month of March on my Saturday morning hikes through the lower Highlands,I have watched spring slowly unfold before my eyes.A pair of hooded mergansers suddenly appeared on our lake earlier this month and I heard the unmistakable call of a wood duck.Several thousand feet overhead,an enormous,migratory flock of Canada geese undulated like strands of limp black thread suspended against a steel gray sky; their wild honking clearly audible in spite of the flock's altitude.Just a little more than one week ago,as I came to a place in the woods where the forest suddenly yields to what is a wild flower meadow in the late spring and summer,the bare trees were filled with hundreds of red-winged blackbirds,their cacophonous chatter filling the otherwise still morning air.It was an eerie harbinger of spring,reminiscent of the Alfred Hitchcock movie "The Birds." Later that same afternoon,a small flock of cedar waxwings,another migratory species of songbirds stopped for a rest in a nearby tree only two blocks from our house.Man has always been fascinated with the arrival of spring.King Solomon weighed in on it when he wrote these words from his "Song" in the Old Testament: "See! The winter is past; the rains are over and gone.Flowers appear on the earth; the season of singing has come,the cooing of doves is heard in our land.The fig tree forms its early fruit; the blossoming vines spread their fragrance."The arrival of spring has always marked a rebirth of sorts,not just for nature but also for us humans.It is a time of awakening,a time to forget the old and to embrace the new.For most kids it's simply a time when they can play outside longer,riding their new bicycles and skateboards or shooting hoops in driveway basketball courts.For some adults it can be a serious time,a release from the seasonal depression caused by the reduced hours of sunlight during the dark months of winter.But for most of us,it is a release from the mundane things that after three months have added up to the point where we are all just ready for a change.You know: things like having to wear layers of heavy clothing,white-knuckle drives to work on icy roads,and leaving home mornings in the dark only to drive back home again in darkness later the same afternoon.The crocus and daffodils will soon start peeking their heads above last year's pine bark nuggets and what's left of the winter snow still piled in the beds under the white pines out by the road.They are yet another prelude to the appearance of more flowers and birds: the warblers and the tanagers that will shortly appear in the trees around my home.I can't wait to inhale the aromas of things like the warming earth,new mown grass,and fresh piles of damp cedar mulch.And I am looking forward to that first morning when I can sit outside on my deck with a cup of coffee and feel comfortable without having to don a fleece or a heavy woolen shirt.Whatever your passion in life,take time like the busy King Solomon to pause from it for a moment over the next few weeks and just sit and watch and enjoy the spectacle of spring unfold before your eyes.And give thanks.经典的英语文章阅读篇5It was supposed to be my first day on job today,cause I was told by one of the leaders from the Foreign Trade & Economy Bureau to get to work at 8:30am this morning.And I did as she told me so.It was 8:05am when I reached the mansion,which is an old building,built around 1990s’.Seeing nobody in the office,I could only stand at the end of the corridor and take a smoke.It waspretty embarrassing for me cause I only did that when I was a salesman in Singapore.I never like the feeling of waiting for somebody alone! I still remember the old times when I hided myself on the fire-corridors and did nothing but taking cigarettes.That is absolutely the worst way to kill time!Back to the point,Mr.Liyang,one of the vice directors of the bureau finally approached me and we had a conversation about 10 minutes,regarding on the bureau’s background,duties,privileges,and whatever I concern about.Then I knew I was going to join a really busy bureau,cause I would have lots of work to do everyday.Fortunately,I will still have weekends.And I was told seldom we would work over time.However,there is one thing that I still worry about.What if the director of the bureau does not allow me to get on board,or he just prolongs the probation period?Even though I have strong confidence on myself these years,I feel a bit nervous,cause I really want to be a member of the bureau.Who knows what the hell I was thinking of.Anyway,I said yes to him and that was a confirmation which proves my joining in the bureau.Then I know I would have a monthly payment no more than RMB2000.And I will get that amount until I retire! Is that terrible?Mr.Zhang,my ex-boss,told me that I am too young to be a government officer.He said I would have to clean the office,take care of the flowers and get hot water for the leaders everyday.He was afraid that I could not bear it for long in the government.Anyway,I am optimistic on my career life and I know I'm gonna make a great difference up there!经典的英语文章阅读篇6For Your Information OnlyI can not cook,despite the fact that I've been living abroadfor years,believe it or not I don't possess any of the following kitchen essentials,neither pan nor knife nor cooking oil.You name it and I definitely do not have it.Don't get the wrong picture though,it has got nothing to do with laziness,I have tried,believe me!My cooking days started when I first went abroad,with the intensive one month cooking training I had with my parents just before I left home.I cooked with enthusiasm.Every so often,the people I lived with would all cook some food individually and we would share them together.The comments such as "Delicious!',"Yummy!" had always been the comments for someone else's cooking,whereas mine would be "Hmm..interesting!","Ahh....fascinating" or something along those lines,all alternatives for "I didn't know food could be so tasteless." Bless them!Just in case you asked,I didn't like my own cooking much myself.Since I was not a fussy eater,as long as I was not in starvation mode,no complaints,but somehow I cooked less,a lot less.The reason for that didn't have much to do with the discouragements I had recieved.The truth was I had never really enjoyed cooking,I mean all the preparation berforehand,the actul cooking itself and the clearing up afterwards,I thought it was a waste of time.Plus in my case,after all that effort just to produce something no one appreciated,including even myself,can you see the point in that?Well,I don't blame you.When I was living with one of my exes,it didn't take him long to find out I was a terrible cook,but it didn't bother him that much,I mean,come on,with a sexy gorgeous girlfriend like me,who gives a damn about my cooking skills?(That was a joke) Anyway,there was this one time,his friends came over and itjust happened that the day before a girl friend of mine metioned to me how she made popcorn on her own and how easy it all was.Just put in some butter,then add corn and finish with sugar.I could do that! So I gave it a go,but somehow as soon as I put the corn in,a huge amount of smoke came out,it went out of control and within seconds,the fire alarm in the house went off.Well,that was pretty impressive,but not in the way I had planned."Damn it Woman! Just keep away from the kitch will you!".,of course my then boyfriend didn't really say that,but that's exactly what I did afterwards,I stayed away from the kitch.(Mind you,I was NOT banned from the kitchen)A year ago,a friend I've known for more than ten years came to visit me from across the Atlantic.I had aways liked him since we were in school,as he had to live in my place for 2 weeks.Before he came,the girls I lived with taught me all their specialities,and when he finally came,Surprise! Surprise! I cooked with perfection.(T o this day,my cooking performance there still remains a mystery.)But then I suppose I had changed so much over the years and somehow I was not the girl he had once remembered.So at the end,my cooking was probably the only thing he liked about me.How ironic!Since then,I gave up cooking compeletely.Sometimes when I say to people that I can't cook,they would often say "But you are Chinese!",what's that got to do with anything?You know,sometimes I do think it's a shame that you can't shoot people for their stupidity.Anyway,this is for your information only.After all,they say the way to a man's heart is through his stomach,so while I'm still on the market,it's only wise to keep it hidden.I knew you wouldunderstand,Thank you!经典的英语文章阅读篇7Modern TechnologiesWe’re all enjoying the conveniences and happiness brought by modern technologies.We use telephones and mobile phones to call,emails to write and vehicles to drive; we go to another country by air planes; we see what is happening in the world by TV programs and Internet,and we even watch sports games on live.Nowadays,without these technologies,I can’t imagine what my life could be.I used to read an article describing the modern lives of human beings.It says we will have many phone numbers if we want to search for one person; we send emails and cell phone messages to our friends in stead of visiting them.More and more people would rather sit in front of a computer than a TV.And we seldom go to libraries to check information now,because the Internet would do all the jobs.We use digital cameras,scanners,photocopiers,blue teeth technology and digital signals for our cell phones… It seems as if we were living in a real digital world.Actually I guess we are,though.Since we are so developed and advanced,why we are less civilized?We are easily mad with our broken computers; we fed up with things we don’t like; we call our lovers to say “farewell and good-bye” and we are afraid to face the facts which are cruel and real.We’re led to a trend that there will no more face-to-face communications.I would rather chat with my friends with OICQ and emails these years,instead of seeing them in reality.I hide myself inside my car so that I can flee away from dirt,air pollutions,robberies,thieves,winds,rains and snows.However,Icould not taste the spring rain and the winter snow either.The nature is fleeing away from me too!Should I thank modern technologies or blame them?I wonder if you have got the right answer.经典的英语文章阅读篇8The only thing legible on the torn envelope was the return address.I opened the letter and saw that it had been written in 1944 —almost 60 years ago.I read it carefully,hoping to find some clue to the identity of the wallets owner.It was a "Dear John" letter.The writer,in a delicate script,told the recipient,whose name was Michael,that her mother forbade her to see him again.Nevertheless,she would always love him.It was signed Hannah.It was a beautiful letter.But there was no way,beyond the name Michael,to identify the owner.Perhaps if I called information the operator could find the phone number for the address shown on the envelope."Operator,this is an unusual request.Im trying to find the owner of a wallet I found.Is there any way you could tell me the phone number for an address that was on a letter in the wallet?"The operator gave me her supervisor,who said there was a phone listed at the address,but that she could not give me the number.However,she would call and explain the situation.Then,if the party wanted to talk,she would connect me.I waited a minute and she came back on the line."I have a woman who will speak with you."I asked the woman if she knew a Hannah."Oh,of course! We bought this house from Hannahs family thirty years ago.""Would you know where they could be located now?" I asked."Hannah had to place her mother in a nursing home years ago.Maybe the home could help you track down the daughter."The woman gave me the name of the nursing home.I called and found out that Hannahs mother had died.The woman I spoke with gave me an address where she thought Hannah could be reached.I phoned.The woman who answered explained that Hannah herself was now living in a nursing home.She gave me the number.I called and was told,"Yes,Hannah is with us."I asked if I could stop by to see her.It was almost 10 p.m.The director said Hannah might be asleep."But if you want to take a chance,maybe shes in the day room watching television."The director and a guard greeted me at the door of the nursing home.We went up to the third floor and saw the nurse,who told us that Hannah was indeed watching TV.We entered the day room.Hannah was a sweet,silver-haired old-timer with a warm smile and friendly eyes.I told her about finding the wallet and showed her the letter.The second she saw it,she took a deep breath."Young man," she said,"this letter was 经典的英语文章阅读篇9Any FPS fans here?I am playing Call of Duty 2 a lot these days.It is such an awesome piece with realistic sound and visual effects.The somke part is breath-taking,it is like you are watching a WW2 blockbuster rather than playing a PC game.You have a range of mean weapons to grab and fight with,as MP 40,MG 42,Kar98k,Lee Enfield,Scoped Springfield...you name it.Just these names are enough to arouse me;)MP 44 is my favorite gadget,and since you can only play the Allied side,I often discard Thompson or M1 Grand for it.They say MP 44 is actually the forebear of all modern assault rifles likeKalashnikov and M16,they can't be much wrong.Another drawing factor is you are fighting with a squad,with soldiers throwing himself between you and the whizzing bullets,knocking off machine gunners so you can venture out your cover,and disabling armored vehicles when you think death is hovering around you.Instead of taking from the gaming experience,it is a more truthful design showing respect to the fact you seldom act alone in a major operation.Lock and load,boys,give the enemey hell!经典的英语文章阅读篇10My Girlfriend is Cat---- By smellycattyWe knew each other on the forum of New Oriental School.That time,we both had been hurt,drifting in a lonely city for a long time,yearning to fly,and craving for true and forever love.I studied GMAT by myself in a rented small flat,she was working hard to go abroad as a post-doctor.Studying for the test,writing her emails,and having long talks over the phone late at night became a habit as well as the happiest moments of my otherwise boring and lonely life.Before long,I found myself attached to the sweet voice and the gentleness of the girl I had never met.One night,before I hung up the phone,a sadness and romance surged up in me.And I said to her: “I want to sing a song to you.” I used to be a big music fan in college.I listened to music as a way of dealing with the bland school life.And I also liked to yell some tunes in the corridor or on my way back to my dorm at night.Some people labeled my style “street singer” who’s from the suburb of Hong Kong.The song I sang that night is the original Japanese version ofan old song by t he name of “Half Full Moon(月半弯)”.As I already said,I sang it thousands of times on the street,in corridor and Karaoke Bars.But my performance has never been that good this time.I didn’t know or wasn’t sure what kind of person she would be in my life.Maybe a friend on the Internet,maybe just an ordinary friend,or even my future girlfriend,I had absolutely no idea.She was some girl I hadn’t met,so I just treated her as a listener to my heart.What happened later was an abrupt twist.One dark and windy night,our friendship became a love caught on fire because of my not bad singing.On an impulse,I whispered to her,“Tell you the truth,all my life,I am looking for someone,with her,we could become happy for the rest of our life.”On the other end of the phone,she choked up and started sobbing.All of a sudden,I realized that both she and I wished to bring the other happiness.From my past experience and instinct,I thought that I should do something immediately.So a few days later,driven by curiosity and passion,I decided to visit her.My surprise visit indeed shocked her.It seemed to me that she still wanted to keep on our relationship by telephone and ter she told me that this gave her lots of romance and fun for imagination.Urged by my pleading and threatening,she showed up,a small girl with embarrassment and excitement all over her face.I was more than one head tall than her.Walking beside her,I turned my head and couldn’t see her.Her hairs were blown up by wind,brushing against my face and making me very itchy.I was trying very hard to figure out some topics,suddenly my hand was in her hand.This could be the greatest embarrassment of my wholelife.Never before had my hand been hold by a girl first.In a second,I felt like that I became a girl walking on the street with hand hold.We walked and walked.A long time passed,we tried to loose each other up by talking about some funny things.She was much easy-going than I thought she would be.But I was much shyer than I used to believe.经典的英语文章阅读篇11Many Chinese believe that for China to be strong its trade account must not be in the red.It must have a trade surplus to grow prosperous.So if we look back at 5000 years of Chinese history,it would be surprising that the time China’s trade was in the red was also just when the ‘middle kingdom’ was at its peak during that dynasty.For example,during Han Dynasty,China ran a trade deficit for centuries with neighboring countries,and it was also the time China became the center of the Asia.Another obvious example is the Tang and Song Dynasty (from 7th century to 11th century),when China was again in a trade deficit with nearly all its neighbors.China was then experiencing shortages of gold,silver or even bronze,but none of this had blocked the red dragon from being the strongest nation at that time.But at the end of Song Dynasty,just decades before the Chinese were invaded and defeated by Mongolians,China became the main exporter in Asia and it was one of the several periods when China was weak.Historians cannot simply conclude this as coincidence.Recent history tells the same story.The end of 19th century was a nightmare for the ancient nation.Many blamed the trade deficit that resulted from opium trade as the plague which caused the weakness of China’s economy in the late Q ing Dynasty.However,if we put opium trade aside,China was still alarge exporter in the world while it imported little from the outside world.At some point,China’s trade partners had to use opium as a way to pay for their trade deficit with China.Earlier,in the middle of the 18th century,China could produce enough opium for domestic market and also become an exporter in normal definition,but it didn’t help China to be a stronger nation at all.When China launched its first industrialization campaign,it’s tra de soon turned into red again,but this happened during the last struggle of Qing Dynasty in its dying years.After its opening-up in 1978,China was in the red again for eleven years,with the exception of 1983.The government is implementing of a strategy of stimulating exports initially from China’s opening-up.It is a reasonable policy for a post-communism economy which is lack of an efficient fiancé system and a minimum-required foreign currency reserve.Since 1990,China has been chalking up trade surplus with the exception of 1993.In 2004,the trade surplus of China amounts to $70 billion,of which $58.6 billion from Sino-US trade.With its expanding of trade surplus,its economic rapid growth continues for decades.At the same time,Chinese factories are famous for dumping cheap goods from advantages of its low-cost labors and poor environment standard.After all,China is developing,much faster than EU,US,Japan or any other major power of the world.There is no doubt that China is regaining its strength and will be a major economic power in the 21st century.What will China bring to the globalization of economy?Even for a country of 1.2 billion population and 960 square kilometers,there is no unlimited supply of cheap labor or unlimited tolerance of environment pollution.However,thedemand of the 1.2 billion population market in a fast-growing economy could be the powerful engine of the global economy in human history.Some of Chinese key officials and scholars has turned to pro-deficit attitude on this debate and more and more people realize that China has no responsibility to supply the world with cheap goods while the living standard of Chinese people are below average level.While those booming Chinese companies have shown their appetites for raw materials on the global market,the extravagance of Chinese wealthy family in cities has given hopes to global manufacturers.Most of the pressure to grow imports comes from China’s trade partners,especially US and Japan.A strong wind calling for the revaluation of RMB has been blowing since the beginning of 2003,and some even criticize China as an exporter of deflation.At the same time,huge amounts of hot money flow into China despite capital controls that strictly limit money flows into this country.Chinese officials have openly refused to revaluate RMB under pressure and some even say that its a conspiracy to sacrifice China’s economy without bringing benefits to the global economy.But those strong words against the revaluation of RMB were more or less for internal politics.The government then began to boost the imports to ease the pressure on the currency.Domestically,there are more and more criticisms against the stimulating-export policies,especially the tax reimbursement policy.The tax reimbursement to exporters has aggravated the fiscal deficit of the central government.The government has paid 125 billion RMB and 115 billion RMB for tax reimbursement.This appropriation was far from the amount incurred every year and up to the end of 2003,the tax reimbursement in arrears reached。

英文医学文献

英文医学文献全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：Medical literature in English is a vast and diverse field that encompasses a wide range of topics, from basic biomedical research to clinical trials and case studies. It plays a crucial role in the advancement of medical knowledge and the improvement of patient care worldwide.Another challenge of English medical literature is the potential for bias and misinformation. Not all research studies are of equal quality, and it is important for healthcare professionals to critically evaluate the evidence presented in medical literature before applying it to patient care. Thepeer-review process, in which research articles are reviewed by experts in the field before publication, helps to ensure the quality and reliability of medical literature. However, it is still crucial for healthcare professionals to approach medical literature with a critical eye and a thorough understanding of research methods and study design.第二篇示例：Medical literature in English is an essential component of the global healthcare system. It provides valuable information and research findings that help medical professionals stay current with the latest advancements in the field. English language medical literature covers a wide range of topics, including clinical research, case studies, reviews, and guidelines for treatment.第三篇示例：Medical literature refers to the body of scholarly publications and research articles that focus on the field of medicine. These articles are written by healthcare professionals, researchers, and experts in various medical specialties. They are essential for advancing medical knowledge, disseminating new discoveries, and improving patient care.第四篇示例：Medical literature in English plays a crucial role in the field of healthcare and medical research. It serves as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals, researchers, and students around the world, providing up-to-date information on a wide range of medical topics. In this article, we will explore the importance of English medical literature, its benefits, and how it contributes to advancements in the field of medicine.Importance of English Medical Literature。

《时代》杂志评出的100部最佳英语小说,沉淀思想与学习英语两不误!

《时代》杂志评出的100部最佳英语小说，沉淀思想与学习英语两不误！2017-03-07善恩英语1.The Adventures of Augie march 《奥吉·马奇历险记》2.All the King's Men 《国王的人马》3.American Pastoral 《美国牧歌》4.An American Tragedy 《美国悲剧》5.Animal Farm《动物农庄》6.Appointment in Samarra 《相约萨马拉》7.Are You There God？It's Me, Margaret《神，你在哪？是我，玛格丽特》8.The Assistant 《店员》9.At Swim-Two-Birds 《落水鸟》10.Atonement《赎罪》11.Bel oved 《宠儿》12.The Berlin Stories 《柏林故事》13.The Big Sl eep 《夜长梦多》14.The Blind Assassin 《盲人杀手》15.Bl ood Meridian 《血色子午线》16.Brid eshead Revisited 《旧地重游》17.The Bridge of San Luis Rey《圣路易斯雷大桥》18.Call It Sl eep by Henry Roth 《就说是睡着了》19.Catch-22 《第22条军规》20.The Catcher in the Rye 《麦田里的守望者》21.A Cl ockwork Orange 《发条橙子》22.The Confession of Net Turner 《纳特·特纳的自白》23.The Corrections 《纠正》24.The Crying of Lot 49 《拍卖第49号》25.A Dance to the Music of Time 《与时代合拍的舞蹈》26.The Day of the Locust 《蝗虫之日》27.Death Comesfor the Archbishop 《大主教之死》28.A Death in the Family 《家中丧事》29.The Death of the Heart 《心之死》30.Deliverance 《解救》31.Dog Sol diers 《闪灵战士》32.Falconer 《放鹰者》33.The French Lieutenant‘s Women 《法国中尉的女人》34.The Gold en Notebook 《金色笔记》35.Go Tell it on the Mountain 《高山上的呼喊》36.Gone With the Wind 《飘》37.The Grapes of Wrath 《愤怒的葡萄》38.Gravity’s Rainbow《万有引力之虹》39.The Great Gatsby 《了不起的盖茨比》40.A Handful of Dust 《一掬尘土》41.The Heart is a Lonely Hunter 《心是孤独的猎手》42.The Heart of the Matter 《事情的核心》43.Herzog 《赫索格》44.Housekeeping 《管家》45.A House forMr.Biswas《比斯瓦斯先生之屋》46.I，Claudius 《我，克劳迪斯》47.Infinite Jest 《无尽的玩笑》48.Invisibl e Man 《隐形人》49.Light in August 《八月之光》50.The Lion，The Witch and the Wardrobe 《女巫、狮子和魔衣橱》51.Lolita 《洛丽塔》52.Lord of the Flies 《蝇王》53.The Silmarillion《精灵宝钻》54.Loving 《爱着》55.Lucky Jim 《幸运的吉姆》56.The Man Who Loved Chil dren 《那个喜欢孩子的人》57.Midnight‘s Chil dren 《午夜之子》58.Money 《钱》59.The Moviegoer《看电影的人》60.Mrs. Dall oway 《达洛微夫人》61.Naked Lunch 《裸体午餐》62.Native Son《土生子》63.Neuromancer《神经漫游者》64.Never Let Me Go 《别让我走》65.1984 《一九八四》66.On the Road 《在路上》67.One Fl ew Over the Cuckoo's Nest 《飞越疯人院》68.The Painted Bird 《被涂污的鸟》69.Pale Fire 《幽冥的火》70.A Passage to India 《印度之行》71.Play It As It Says 《顺其自然》72.Portnoy's Complaint 《波特诺的抱怨》73.Possession《占有》74.The Power and the Glory 《权利与荣耀》75.The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie《春风不化雨》76.Rabbit,Run《兔子，跑吧》77.Ragtime 《爵士年代》78.The Recognitions 《承认》79.Red Harvest 《红色收获》80.Revolutionary Road 《革命之路》81.The Sheltering Sky 《情陷沙哈拉》82.Slaughterhouse-five 《第五号屠宰场》83.Snow Crash 《雪崩》84.The Sot-Weed Factor 《烟草经纪人》85.The Sound and the Fury 《喧哗和骚动》86.The Sportswriter 《体育记者》87.The Spy Who Came in From the Col d 《柏林谍影》88.The Sun Also Rises 《太阳照样升起》89.Their Eyes Were Watching God 《他们的眼望上苍》90.Things Fall Apart 《瓦解/生命不可承受之重》91.To Kill a Mockingbird 《杀死一只知更鸟》92.To the Lighthouse 《到灯塔去》93.Tropic of Cancer 《北回归线》94.Ubik《乌必克》95.Und er the Net 《在网下》96.Und er the Volcano 《在火山下》97.Watchman 《守望者》98.White Noise 《白噪音》99.White Teeth 《白色的牙齿》100. Wild Sargasso Sea 《简爱前传-藻海无边》。

经管类经典英文文献

经管类经典英文文献There are many classic English literature works in the field of economics and management. Some of the most well-known and influential ones include:1. "The Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith - This book, published in 1776, is considered the foundation of modern economics. It explores the basics of free markets, division of labor, and the invisible hand theory.2. "Principles of Economics" by Alfred Marshall - First published in 1890, this book introduced the concepts of supply and demand, marginal utility, and elasticity. It became the standard textbook for many years.3. "The Theory of Economic Development" by Joseph Schumpeter - Published in 1911, this book introduced the idea of entrepreneurship and innovation as the driving force behind economic development.4. "The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money" by John Maynard Keynes - Published in 1936, this book revolutionized macroeconomic theory by advocating for government intervention during economic downturns.5. "The Practice of Management" by Peter Drucker - First published in 1954, this book provides a comprehensive guide to the principles and practices of effective management.6. "Competitive Strategy" by Michael Porter - Published in 1980, this book is a seminal work in the field of strategic management. It introduced the concept of competitive advantage and the five forces framework.7. "The Innovator's Dilemma" by Clayton M. Christensen - Published in 1997, this book explores how successful companies can fail if they don't adapt to disruptive technologies. It has greatly influenced the field of innovation and entrepreneurship.These are just a few examples of classic English literature in the field of economics and management. There are many other important and influential works out there that have shaped the discipline.。

工业4.0英文文献

工业4.0英文文献当提及工业4.0的英文文献时，以下是一些经典的参考文献：1. Schwab, K. (2017). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. Crown Business.这本书是世界经济论坛创始人克劳斯·施瓦布（Klaus Schwab）撰写的，详细介绍了工业4.0的概念和影响。

2. Kagermann, H., Wahlster, W., & Helbig, J. (2013). Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0: Final report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group. Forschungsunion.这份报告是德国产业4.0工作组的最终报告，提出了实施产业4.0的建议和战略。

3. Lee, J., Bagheri, B., & Kao, H. A. (2015). A cyber-physical systems architecture for industry4.0-based manufacturing systems. Manufacturing Letters, 3, 18-23.这篇论文介绍了基于工业4.0的制造系统的网络物理系统架构，探讨了其在制造领域的应用。

4. Hermann, M., Pentek, T., & Otto, B. (2016). Design principles for industrie 4.0 scenarios: A literature review. 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), 3928-3937.这篇文献通过文献综述，提出了工业4.0场景的设计原则，并对其进行了探讨。

英语历史文献

英语历史文献Siberia西伯利亚Neanderthal尼安得特人Anthropologist人类学者Cro-magnon克鲁马努人Microlith细小石器The code of Hammurabi 汉谟拉比法典Pleistoceneneothermal，proto-actinium/thorium analysis，advanced palaeolithic，Anthropoidea，isostatic Millennium千年期Neolithic新石器时代的Hominid（s）原始人类，人科动物n/人类及其祖先的adjTigris-Euphrates（底格里斯&幼发拉底）美索不达米亚Tehuacan特瓦坎geneticists遗传学者Olduvai奥杜瓦伊Rudolf鲁道夫Sub-continent次大陆Sub-Saharan撒哈拉沙漠以南的Capsian卡普萨文化（的）Mediterrranean古埃及法老的MesolithicKamusongolwaIwo Eleru in NigeriaAsiaticenseteCarthaginianNigerianTarugaChristianityPharaohs伊朗高原Iranian PlateauHarappan civilization 哈拉帕文明（印度）Genesis创世纪Noah’Ark 诺亚方舟Lord 耶和华Altar 祭坛，圣坛Curse诅咒咒骂Rhapsody 狂想曲Oriental东方（人）的Monarchy君主政体The code of “Manu”摩奴法典The caste system种姓制度Brahmans婆罗门Eloquence 口才雄辩nMonarchical君主的Aristocracy 贵族，上层社会nThe manava tribe 摩纳婆部落Varna瓦尔纳Medieval 中世纪的Jati迦提Ashoka阿育王Democracy民主政治Jurors陪审员Prytanes主席团Tholos园庙Agora集市，会场Obol欧宝Philip腓力macedon马其顿Councilor议员lot投票Screening committee审查委员会Sicily西西里岛Aegospotami哥斯波塔米Ephebes男青年Archons执政官Councilors-elect委员选举Judiciary司法制度/系统Sovereignty主权Presiding首席的Juries陪审团Party当事人Alcibiades阿尔西比亚底斯Dicasteries审判官法庭Thesmothetae=junior archons 司法执政官Pericles 伯里克利Panei全体陪审员Anakrisis预审Dionysia狂欢节，酒神节Eleusinian伊洛西斯城的Dionysus狄俄尼索斯Eleutherae埃勒斯利厄Bull公牛Allies同盟国Euripides欧里庇得斯Persian波斯的Aeschylus埃斯库罗斯Sophocles索福克勒斯Odeon音乐厅，剧场Acropolis卫城Choregi富人，赞助人Alcibiades亚希彼得公民大会ecclesia陪审法庭Heliaea僭主tyrant (tyrannos)普通人民,demostrittys十个地区性部落的建成自治村社（demos）壮丁（ephebos）希腊语境中的哲学智慧之学Sophia arete泰勒斯Thale毕达哥拉斯Pythodorus、赫拉克利特Heraklitus苏格拉底Socrates柏拉图Plato大夏王国Greek-Bactria Kingdom米南德(弥南王Menander 150-135BC)艾哈农Ai-khanum犍陀罗艺术(Gandhara art)犍陀罗地区(首府叉旦始罗Taxila)Tumshuk土木舒克Khotan和田sanghat僧衣注释家（Scholiasts）斯巴达的希洛特制度（Herots）弃婴场apothetae公餐syssitia团agel中队lochos/mora 500人小队enomotia40人/重装步将军polemarch of Athens，执政官archon塞诺西synoecism泛雅典娜节Panathenaea六一农（hetemorioi，占有六分之一的人）梭伦SolonZeus宙斯Hera赫拉Poseidon波赛东Demeter丰收女神Apollo阿波罗Artemis阿尔忒米斯Athena雅典娜Hermes 赫尔墨斯Aphrodite阿佛洛狄忒Ares 阿里斯Hyphisatos赫淮斯托斯Dionysus狄奥尼索斯（酒神）对赛(agon) (广场agora) 城邦Polis巴塞勒斯（Basileus）种姓(Caste）瓦尔那（Varna)迦提（Jati）婆罗米（Brahmī）和去卢（Kharosthi）大夏（Bactrian Greek Kingdom）和贵霜帝国（Kushan Empire）harappa在摩亨佐达罗发掘mohenjodaro印度-巴基斯坦摩亨佐达罗考古遗迹Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro拜达里文化(Badarian Culture) Naqada Culture涅伽达文化涅伽达和希拉康波里(Hierakonpolis online)古埃及托勒密王朝Ptolemic Dynasty332 BC---公元前30年希罗多德Herodotus斯特拉波Strabo曼涅托Manetho/商博良Jean-Fransois Champollion罗塞达石碑Rosetta Stone/图坦哈蒙Tutankhamun墓The Tomb of Tut Ankh Amen/涅伽达和希拉康波里(Hierakonpolis online)纳尔迈调色板the Narmer Palette马斯塔巴mastabaDjoser Pyramid三王朝左塞法老梯形金字塔Meidum:梯形金字塔Dashur:弯曲金字塔Dashur:红色金字塔胡夫的大金字塔（吉萨）、王朝unaspyramid最后一位法老那斯金字塔铭文unas图特thoth书吏&普塔ptah太阳与尼罗河-太阳神与奥赛里斯osiris阿蒙神amen散视法aspective与透视法perspective对楔形文字的释读cuneiform罗林森(Sir Henry CreswickeRawllnson)亚述学之父贝西斯敦铭文(Behistun Rock Inscription)捷姆迭特-那色(Jemdat Nasr)(Uruk III塔庙式建筑ziggurat天神安努庙埃安娜女神庙滚印cylinder seal（圆柱印章）恩西ensi，lugal大国/霸主的国王塞姆（Semitic）古提人gutium尔纳木法典Ur—Nammu迦南地Canaan腓尼基(Phoenician)阿什拉特（El——Astarte）希伯来人Habiru----Hebrew以色列人Isreal犹太(Judea)犹太(Jews) (锡安Zion)经典《圣经》Old Testament New Testament共39卷, 分为律法、历史、先知、文集四部分《次经》(Apocrypha)《伪经》(Pseudo-pigrapha)《死海古卷》Greece-hellas(神之子) 希腊City-states 城邦Democracy民主oligarchy寡头政治Amphitheater圆形剧场Aegean爱琴海Ionias爱奥尼亚人dorians多利安人Minoans米诺斯（人王宫文明）Mycenaeans迈锡尼（）Macedonians马其顿人Spartans-sparta斯巴达Athenians-athen雅典The Peloponnesian League伯罗奔尼撒同盟The Delian League 提洛同盟The Hellenic League 希腊同盟Archaic 古朴/风period时代Classical 古典Hellenistic Greece希腊化Homer荷马pericles伯利克里Corinth科林斯lycurgus来库古Hindu印度教的Ecdesiastical与宗教有关的Caste system 种姓制度Four noble truths 四谛四大教义Buddhism佛教buddha佛陀buddhist佛教徒Pictogram图画文字Cuneiform楔形文字Babylania巴比伦尼亚Ideogram表意符号Urban revolution 城邦革命Epic史诗Microlith细小石器Homo人。

英语美文背诵文选100篇修订

英语美文背诵文选100篇1. The First SnowThe first snow came. How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs on the living, on the graves of the dead! All white savethe river, that marked its course be a winding black line across the landscape; and the leafless tress, that against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches. What silence, too, came with the snow, and what seclusion! Every sound was muffled, every noise changed to something soft and musical. No more tramping hoofs, no more rattling wheels! Only the chiming of sleigh-bell, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children. (118 words)From KavanaghBy Henry Wadsworth Longfellow7. The Importance of Scientific ExperimentsThe rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to date as far as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful monk and philosopher of Oxford, who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probable the first in the middle ages to assert that we must learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself made many remarkable discoveries. Galileo, however who lived more than 300 years later (1564 to 1642), was the greatest of several great men, who in Italy, France, Germany or England, began by degrees to show how many important truths could be discovered by well-directed observation. Before the time of Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fall more rapidly towards the earth than small ones, because Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two unequal stones, and proved to some friends, whom he had brought there to see his experiment, that Aristotle was in error. It is Galileo's sprit of going direct to Nature, and verifying our opinions and theories by experiment, that has led to all the great discoveries of modern science.(196 words)From LogicBy William Stanley Jevons陈冠商《英语背诵文选》8. Address at GettysburgFourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceivedand so dedicated, ca n long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate-we cannot consecrate-we cannot hallow-this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, heave consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us tobe here dedicated to the great task remaining before us-that form these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that wehere highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, for the people,shall not perish from the earth. (268 words)By Abraham Lincoln9. A Little Girl (1)Sitting on a grassy grave, beneath one of the windows of the church, was a little girl. With herhead bent back she was gazing up at the sky and singing, while one of her little hands was pointing to a tiny cloud that hovered like a golden feather above her head. The sun, which had suddenly become very bright, shining on her glossy hair, gave it a metallic luster, and it was difficult to say what was the color, dark bronze or black. So completely absorbed was shi in watching the cloud to which her strange song or incantation and went towards her. Over her head, high up in the blue, a lark that was soaring towards the same gauzy could was singing, as if in rivalry. As I slowly approached the child, I could see by her forehead, which in the sunshine seemed like a globe of pearl, and especially by her complexion, that she uncommonly lovely.(159 words)陈冠商《英语背诵文选》10. A Little Girl (2)Her eyes, which at one moment seemed blue-gray, at another violet, were shaded by long black lashes, curving backward in a most peculiar way, and these matched in hue her eyebrows, and the tresses that were tossed about her tender throat and were quivering in the sunlight. All this I didnot take in at once; for at first I could see nothing but those quivering, glittering, changeful eyes turned up into my face. Gradually the other features, especially the sensitive full-lipped mouth, grew upon me as I stood silently gazing. Here seemed tome a more perfect beauty than had ever come to me in my loveliest dreams of beauty. Yet it was not her beauty so much as the look she gave me that fascinated me, melted me. (129 words)(302 words)From Aylwinby Theodore Watts-Dunton陈冠商《英语背诵文选》11. Choosing an OccupationHodeslea, Eastbourne,November 5, 1892Dear Sir,I am very sorry that the pressure of other occupations has prevented me form sending an earlier reply to your letter.In my opinion a man's first duty is to find a way of supporting himself, thereby relieving other people of the necessity of supporting him. Moreover, the learning to so work of practical value inthe world, in an exact and careful manner, is of itself, a very important education the effects ofwhich make themselves felt in all other pursuits. The habit of doing that which you do not dareabout when you would much rather be doing something else, is invaluable. It would have savedme a frightful waste of time if I had ever had it drilled into me in youth.Success in any scientific career requires an unusual equipment of capacity, industry, and energy. If you possess that equipment, you will find leisure enough after your daily commercial work is over,to make an opening in the scientific ranks for yourself. If you do not, you had better stick tocommerce. Nothing is less to be desired than the fate of a young man who, as the Scotch proverb says, in 'trying to make a spoon spoils a horn," and becomes a mere hanger-on in literature or in science, when he might have been a useful and a valuable member of Society in other occupations.I think that your father ought to see this letter. (244 words)Yours faithfullyT.H. HuxleyFrom Life and Letters of Thomas Henry HuxleyBy Leonard Huxley陈冠商《英语背诵文选》12. An Important Aspect of College LifeIt is perfectly possible to organize the life of our colleges in such a way that students and teachers alike will take part in it; in such a way that a perfectly natural daily intercourse will be established between them; and it is only by such an organization that they can be given real vitality as placesof serious training, be made communities in which youngsters will come fully to realize how interesting intellectual work is, how vital, how important, how closely associated with all modern achievement-only by such an organization that study can be made to seem part of life itself. Lectures often seem very formal and empty things; recitations generally proved very dull and unrewarding. It is in conversation and natural intercourse with scholars chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is, how it ties into everything that is interesting and important, how intimate apart it is of every thing that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything thatis "practical" and connected with the world. Men are not always made thoughtful by books; butthey are generally made thoughtful by association with men who think. (195 words)By Woodrow Wilson陈冠商《英语背诵文选》13. Night (1)Night has fallen over the country. Through the trees rises the red moon, and the stars are scarcely seen. In the vast shadow of night the coolness and the dews descend. I sit at the open window to enjoy them; and hear only the voice of the summer wind. Like black hulks, the shadows of thegreat trees ride at anchor on the billowy sea of grass. I cannot see the red and blue flowers, but I know that they are there. Far away in the meadow gleams the silver Charles. The tramp of horses' hoofs sounds from the wooden bridge. Then all is still save the continuous wind or the sound ofthe neighboring sea. The village clock strikes; and I feel that I am not alone.(128 words)陈冠商《英语背诵文选》14. Night (2)How different it is in the city! It is late, and the crowd is gone. You step out upon the balcony, andlie in the very bosom of the cool, dewy night as if you folded her garments about you. Beneath lies the public walk with trees, like a fathomless, black gulf, into whose silent beloved spirit clasped inits embrace. The lamps are still burning up and down the long street. People go by with grotesque shadows, now foreshortened, and now lengthening away into the darkness and vanishing, while a new one springs up behind the walker, and seems to pass him revolving like the sail of a windmill. The iron gates of the park shut with a jangling clang. There are footsteps and loud voices; --a tumult; --a drunken brawl; --an alarm of fire; --then silence again. And now at length the city is asleep, and we can see the night. The belated moon looks over the roofs, and finds no one towelcome her. The moonlight is broken. It lies here and there in the squares, and the opening of the streets-angular like blocks of white marble. (195 words)(323 words)By Nathanial Hawthorne陈冠商《英语背诵文选》15. An October Sunrise (1)I was up the next morning before the October sunrise, and away through the wild and the woodland. The rising of the sun was noble in the cold and warmth of it; peeping down the spreadof light, he raised his shoulder heavily over the edge of gray mountain and wavering length of upland. Beneath his gaze the dew-fogs dipped and crept to the hollow places, then stole away in line and column, holding skirts and cling subtly at the sheltering corners where rock hung overgrass-land, while the brave lines of the hills came forth, one beyond other gliding.The woods arose in folds, like drapery of awakened mountains, stately with a depth of awe, and memory of the tempests. Autumn's mellow hand was upon them, as they owned already, touched with gold and red and olive, and their joy towards the sun was less to a bridegroom than a father. (152 words)陈冠商《英语背诵文选》16. An October Sunrise (2)Yet before the floating impress of the woods could clear itself, suddenly the gladsome light leaped over hill and valley, casting amber, blue, and purple, and a tint of rich red rose, according to the scene they lit on, and the curtain flung around; yet all alike dispelling fear and the coven hoof of darkness, all on the wings of hope advancing, and proclaiming, "God is here!" Then life and joy sprang reassured from every crouching hollow; every flower and bud and bird had a fluttering sense of them, and all the flashing of God's gaze merged into soft beneficence.So, perhaps, shall break upon us that eternal morning, when crag and chasm shall be no more, neither hill and valley, nor great unvintaged ocean; when glory shall not scare happiness, neither happiness envy glory; but all things shall arise, and shine in the light of the Father's countenance, because itself is risen. (153 words)(305 words)By Richard D. Blackmore陈冠商《英语背诵文选》17. Of Studies (1)Studies serve for delight, for ornamental, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, natural plants, that need proyning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. (157 words)陈冠商《英语背诵文选》18. Of Studies (2)Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted; others to swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in theless important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; an if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. (170 words)陈冠商《英语背诵文选》19. Of Studies (3)Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body mayhave appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt. (163 words)(490 words)By Francis Bacon陈冠商《英语背诵文选》20. Books (1)The good books of the hour, then, --I do not speak of the bad ones—is simply the useful or pleasant talk of some person whom you cannot otherwise converse with, printed for you. Very useful often, telling you what you need to know; very pleasant often, as a sensible friend's present talk would be. These bright accounts of travels; good-humoured and witty discussion of questions; lively or pathetic story-telling in the form of novel; firm fact-telling, by the real agents concernedin the events of passing history; --all these books of the hour, multiplying among us as education becomes more general, are a peculiar characteristic and possession of the present age: we ought to be entirely thankful for them, and entirely ashamed of ourselves if we make no good use of them. But we make the worse possible use, if we allow them to usurp the place of true books: for, strictly speaking, they are not books at all, but merely letters or newspapers in good print. Our friend'sletter may be delightful, or necessary, today: whether worth keeping or not, is to be considered. (189 words)陈冠商《英语背诵文选》21. Books (2)The newspaper may be entirely proper at breakfast time, but assuredly it is not reading for all day. So though bound up in a volume, the long letter which gives you so pleasant an account of the inns, the roads, and weather last year at such a place, or which tells you that amusing story, or gives you the real circumstances of such and such events, however valuable for occasionalreference, may not be, in the real sense of the word, a "book" at all, nor, in the real sense, to be "read". A book is essentially not a talked thing, but a written thing; and written, not with the viewof mere communication, but of permanence. The book of talk is printed only because its author cannot speak to thousands of people at once; if he could, he would-the volume is mere multiplication of his voice. You cannot talk to your friend in India; if you could, you would; youwrite instead: that is mere conveyance of voice. But a book is written, not to multiply the voice merely, not to carry it merely, but to preserve it. (190 words)陈冠商《英语背诵文选》22. Books (3)The author has something to say which he perceives to be true and useful, or helpfully beautiful.So far as he knows, no one has yet said it; so far as he knows, no one else can say it. He is bound to say it, clearly and melodiously if he may; clearly, at all events. In the sum of his life he findsthis to be the thing, or group of things, manifest to him; --this the piece of true knowledge, or sight, which his share of sunshine and earth has permitted him to seize. He would fain set it down for ever; engrave it on rock, if he could; saying, "this is the best of me; for the rest, I ate, and drank,and slept, loved and hated, like another; my life was as the vapour, and is not; but this I saw and knew: this, if anything of mine, is worth your memory, " That is his "writing"; it is, in his smallhuman way, and with whatever degree of true inspiration is in him, his inscription, or scripture.That is a "Book". (186 words)(565 words)By John Ruskin陈冠商《英语背诵文选》24. The Value of Time (1)"Time" says the proverb "is money". This means that every moment well spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed, it will either turn out some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experienceand increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time, remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss ofa bank-note; an that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time.Moreover, our life is nothing more than our time. To kill time is therefore a form of suicide. Weare shocked when we think of death, and we spare no pains, no trouble, and no expense to preserve life. But we are too often indifferent to the loss of an hour or of a day, forgetting that ourlife is the sum total of the days and of the hours we live. A day of an hour wasted is therefore so much life forfeited. Let us bear this in mind, and waste of time will appear to us in the light of acrime as culpable as suicide itself. (250 words)陈冠商《英语背诵文选》25. The Value of Time (2)There is a third consideration which will also tend to warn us against loss of time. Our life is abrief span measuring some sixty or seventy years in all, but nearly one half of this has to be spentin sleep; some years have to be spent over our meals; some over dressing and undressing; some in making journeys on land and voyages by sea; some in merry-making, either on our own accountor for the sake of others; some in celebrating religious and social festivities; some in watchingover the sick-beds of our nearest and dearest relatives. Now if all these years were to be deducted from the tern over which our life extends we shall find about fifteen or twenty years at our disposal for active work. Whoever remembers this can never willingly waste a single moment ofhis life. "It is astonishing" says Lord Chesterfield "that anyone can squander away in absolute idleness one single moment of that portion of time which is allotted to us in this world. Know thetrue value of time; snatch, seize, and enjoy every moment of it!" (187 words)陈冠商《英语背诵文选》26. The Value of Time (3)All time is precious; but the time of our childhood and of our youth is more precious than any other portion of our existence. For those are the periods when alone we can acquire knowledgeand develop our faculties and capacities. If we allow these morning hours of life to slip away unutilized, we shall never be able to recoup the loss. As we grow older, our power of acquisitiongets blunted, so that the art or science which is not acquired in childhood or youth will never be acquired at all. Just as money laid out at interest doubles and trebles itself in time, so the precious hours of childhood and youth, if properly used, will yield us incalculable advantages. "Every moment you lose" says Lord Chesterfield "is so much character and advantage lost; as on the other hand, every moment you now employ usefully is so much time wisely laid out at prodigious interest."A proper employment of time is of great benefit to us from a moral point of view. Idleness is justly said to be the rust of the mind and an idle brain is said to be Satan's workshop. It is mostly whenyou do not know what to do with yourself that you do something ill or wrong. The mind of theidler preys upon itself. As Watt has said:In works of labour or of skillLet me be busy too;For Satan finds some mischief stillFor idle hands to do. (249 words(686 words)By Robert William Service陈冠商《英语背诵文选》27. Spring The Resurrection TimeSprings are not always the same, In some years, April bursts upon our Virginia hills in one prodigious leap—and all the stage is filled at once, whole choruses of tulips, arabesques of forsythia, cadenzas of flowering plum. The trees grow leaves overnight.In other years, spring tiptoes in. It pauses, overcome by shyness, like my grandchild at the door, peeping in, ducking out of sight, giggling in the hallway. "I know you're out there," I cry. "Comein!" And April slips into arms.The dogwood bud, pale green, is inlaid with russet markings. With in the perfect cup a score of clustered seeds are nestled. Once examined the bud in awe: Where were those seeds a month ago The apples display their milliner's scraps of ivory silk, rose-tinged. All the sleeping things wakeup-primrose, baby iris, blue phlox. The earth warms-you can smell it, feel it, crumble April in your hands.The dark Blue Mountains in which I dwell, great-hipped, big-breasted, slumber on the western sky. And then they stretch and gradually awaken. A warm wind, soft as a girl's hair, moves sailboat clouds in gentle skies. The rain come-good rains to sleep by-and fields that were dun as oatmealturn to pale green, then to Kelly green.All this reminds me of a theme that runs through my head like a line of music. Its message is profoundly simple, and profoundly mysterious also: Life goes on. That is all there is to it. Everything that is, was; and everything that is, will be. (259 words)by James J. Kilpatrick陈擎红《英语背诵散文》27. Spell of the Rising MoonAs the moon lifted off the ridge it gathered firmness and authority. Its complexion changed from red, to orange, to gold, to impassive yellow. It seemed to draw light out of the darkening earth, foras it rose, the hills and valleys below grew dimmer. By the time the moon stood clear of the horizon, full chested and round and the color of ivory, the valley were deep shadows in the landscape. The dogs, reassured that this was the familiar moon, stopped barking.The drama took an hour. Moonrise is slow and serried with subtleties. To watch it, we must slipinto an older, more patient sense of time. To watch the moon move inexorably higher is to find an unusual stillness within ourselves. Our imaginations become aware of the vast distances of space, the immensity of the earth and the huge improbability of our own existence. We feel small but privileged.Moonlight shows us none of life's harder edges. Hillsides seem silken and silvery, the oceans still and blue in its light. In moonlight we become less calculating, more drawn to our feelings.(184 words)by Peter Steinhart陈擎红《英语背诵散文》28. The Enchantment of Creeks (1)Nearly everybody has a creek in his past, a confiding waterway that rose in the spring of youth.……．My creek wound between Grandfather's apricot orchard and a neighbor's hillside pasture. It banks were shaded by cottonwoods and redwood trees and a thick tangle of blackberries and wild grapevines. On hot summer days the quiet water flowed clear and cold over gravel bars where I fished for trout.Nothing historic ever happens in these recollected creeks. But their persistence in memory suggests that creeks are bigger than they seem, more a part of our hearts and minds than mighty rivers.Creek time is measured in the lives of strange creatures, in sandflecked caddis worms under the rocks, sudden gossamer clouds of mayflies in the afternoon, or minnows of darting like silvers of inspiration into the dimness of creek fate. Mysteries float in creeks' riffles, crawl over their pebbled bottoms and slink under the roots of trees.While rivers are heavy with sophistication and sediment, creeks are clear, innocent, boisterous, full of dream and promise. A child can wade across them without a parent's cautions. You can go it along, jig for crayfish, swing from ropes along the bank. Creeks belong to childhood, drawing you into the wider world, teaching you the curve of the earth. (214 words)陈擎红《英语背诵散文》29. The Enchantment of Creeks (2)Above all, a creek offers the mind a chance to penetrate the alien universe of water, of tadpolesand trout. What drifts in creek water is the possibility of other worlds inside and above our own.Poet Robert Frost wrote: "It flows between us, over us, and with us. And it is time, strength, tone, light, life, and love.Creeks lead one on, like perfume on the wind. A creek is something that disappears around a bend, into the ground, into the next dimension. To follow a creek is to seek new acquaintance with life.I still find myself following creeks. In high mountain meadows I'll trace their course into the limegreen grass and deep glacial duff, marveling at the sparkle of quartz and mica. The pursuit liquefies my citified haste and lifts weight from my shoulders. Once, in the California desert, as hummingbirds darted from cactus blossoms, I heard the babble of rushing water. My ears led me over dusty hillsides and sown scabrous ravines to an unexpected ribbon of clear, cold water, leaping from rock to rock, filling little pools. The discovery seemed Biblical. It filled me with joy. (191 words)(405 words)by Peter Steinhart陈擎红《英语背诵散文》30. "Why Measure Life in Heartbeats "If one realizes that our time on this earth is but a tiny fraction of that within the cosmos, then life calculation in years may not be as important as we think. Why measure life in heartbeats Whenlife is so dependent on such an unreliable function as the beating f the heart, then it is fragile indeed. The only thing that one can depend upon with absolute certainty is death.I believe that death may be the most important part of life. I believe that life is infinitesimally briefin relation to the immensity of eternity. I believe, because of my religious faith, that I shall "returnto the Father" in an afterlife that is beyond description. I believe that though my life was short in years, it was full in experience, joy, love and accomplishment; that my own immortality will reside in the memories of my loved ones left behind, mother, brother, wife, children, dear friends.I believe that I will die with loved ones close by and, one hopes, achieve that great gift of God-death in peace, and with dignity. (184 words)by John A. Macdonald陈擎红《英语背诵散文》31. If I were a Boy Again (1)If I were a boy again, I would practise perseverance oftener, and never give up a thing because it was hard or inconvenient. If we want light, we must conquer darkness. Perseverance can sometimes equal genius in its results. "There are only two creatures," says a proverb, "who can surmount the pyramids -the eagle and the snail."If I were a boy again, I would school myself into a habit of attention; I would let nothing come between me and the subject in hand. I would remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once. The habit of attention becomes part of our life, if we begin early enough. I often hear grown-up people say, "I could not fix my attention on the lecture or book, although I wished to do so," and the reason is, the habit was not formed in youth.If I were to live my life over again, I would pay more attention to the cultivation of the memory. I would strengthen that faculty by every possible means, and on every possible occasion. It takes a little hard work at first to remember things accurately; but memory soon helps itself, and gives very little trouble. It only needs early cultivation to become a power. (213 words)华江《英语名篇佳作100篇背诵手册》32. If I were a Boy Again (2)。

引用次数最多的100篇SCI文章

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The role of ex A simple method for the isolation and purification of to Clustal W: improving the sensitivity of progressive mu Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observation Basic local alignment search tool.A short history of SHELX.Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: A new generation o A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with Generalized gradient approximation made simple. 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Phylogenetics Biology lab technique Physical chemistry Crystallography Medical statistics Physical chemistry Biology lab technique Biology lab technique Bioinformatics Medical statistics Biology lab technique Biology lab technique Biology lab technique Psychology/psychiatry Physical chemistry Biology lab technique PhysicsBiology lab technique Biology lab technique Physical chemistry Biology lab technique Phylogenetics Biology lab technique Physical chemistry Biology lab technique Phylogenetics Mathematics/statisticsCrystallography MedicinePhysicsBiology lab technique Psychology/psychiatry Biology lab technique Psychology/psychiatry Psychology/psychiatry Biology lab technique Biology lab technique Mathematics/statistics Mathematics/statistics Mathematics/statistics Biology lab technique Psychology/psychiatry MedicineBiology lab technique Mathematics/statistics PhysicsBiology lab technique Biology lab technique Mathematics/statistics Crystallography Mathematics/statistics Crystallography Medicine Mathematics/statistics Biology lab technique Bioinformatics Bioinformatics Physical chemistry Biology lab technique Biology lab technique Physical chemistry Biology lab technique Crystallography Crystallography Biology lab technique Physical chemistry Physical chemistry Biology lab technique Mathematics/statistics Physical chemistry Physical chemistry Biology lab technique Crystallography Physical chemistryBiology lab technique Crystallography Physical chemistry Biology lab technique MedicinePhysics Phylogenetics Medicine。

管理学英文经典文献

管理学英文经典文献The Principles of Scientific Management.In the early 20th century, Frederick Winslow Taylor, an American mechanical engineer, emerged as a pioneer in the field of management theory. His work, "The Principles of Scientific Management," published in 1911, revolutionized the way organizations approached work efficiency and productivity. Taylor's ideas were rooted in his observation of inefficient work practices and his belief thatscientific methods could be applied to improve them.Taylor's theory was built upon four fundamental principles:1. Development of Each Man's Maximum Efficiency: Taylor emphasized the importance of identifying and developing the maximum efficiency of individual workers. He argued that by carefully studying each worker's tasks and techniques, managers could identify waste and inefficiency. Thisapproach required a close collaboration between management and workers to understand the best way to perform tasks efficiently.2. Development of a Science for Each Element of a Man's Work: Taylor advocated for the creation of a scientific approach to work, breaking down tasks into their smallest components and analyzing the most efficient way to perform them. This approach required careful observation, measurement, and recording of work processes to identify the most effective methods.3. Development of an Intense Co-operation Instead of an Intense Competition: Taylor believed that the traditional adversarial relationship between management and workers was counterproductive. Instead, he advocated for a cooperative approach where both parties worked together to achieve maximum efficiency. This required trust and mutual respect between management and workers, as well as a commitment to continuous improvement.4. Development of Each Man's Ability to Earn More byRendering a Greater Quantity of Service: Taylor's theory also emphasized the importance of rewarding workers for their efficiency and productivity. He argued that by providing incentives such as higher wages or bonuses, workers would be motivated to work harder and more efficiently. This, in turn, would lead to increased profits for the organization.The implementation of Taylor's principles required a fundamental shift in management philosophy. Managers needed to adopt a more hands-on approach, closely supervising workers and providing feedback on their performance. Workers, on the other hand, needed to be trained in the new scientific methods and be willing to collaborate with management to achieve better results.While Taylor's theory was controversial in its early years, it has had a profound impact on the field of management. His ideas have been adopted and adapted by numerous organizations around the world, leading to improvements in productivity and efficiency. However, it's important to note that Taylor's theory is not without itscritics. Some argue that his approach was too focused on maximizing efficiency at the cost of worker well-being, while others point to the limitations of applyingscientific methods to complex cognitive tasks.Despite these criticisms, "The Principles of Scientific Management" remains a landmark in the history of management theory. It continues to influence the way organizations approach work efficiency and productivity, serving as a foundation for modern management practices.。

英语名著阅读一百篇作文

英语名著阅读一百篇作文Title: Exploring 100 English Literary Masterpieces: A Journey Through Time and Imagination。

As an avid reader and enthusiast of English literature, delving into the realm of 100 literary masterpieces is a captivating endeavor. Each piece carries its own unique essence, weaving narratives that transcend time and space, leaving an indelible mar k on readers’ minds. In this exploration, we embark on a journey through the vast landscape of English literature, uncovering the beauty, depth, and significance of these timeless works.To begin our journey, let us first immerse ourselves in the ench anting world of Jane Austen’s "Pride and Prejudice." Austen’s keen observations of societal norms and human nature, intricately woven into the lives of the Bennet sisters, offer a profound reflection on love, marriage, and class dynamics in Regency-era England. Through Elizabeth Bennet’s journey of self-discovery andMr. Darcy’s transformative character arc, Austen imparts timeless lessons on the complexities of human relationships and the importance of overcoming prejudice.Moving forward in time, we encounter Charles Dickens’ "Great Expectations," a bildungsroman that follows the life of Pip as he navigates the intricacies of social mobility and self-realization in Victorian England. Dickens’ vivid portrayal of characters from various social strata, coupled with his exploration of themes such as ambition, guilt, and redemption, renders "Great Expectations" a quintessential masterpiece of English literature.Transitioning to the realm of Gothic fiction, we encounter Mary Shelley’s "Frankenstein." Shelley’s haunting tale of scientific ambition and existential angst challenges the boundaries of human knowledge and morality, prompting readers to contemplate the consequences of playing god. Through the tragic figure of the Creature and the hubris of Victor Frankenstein, Shelley crafts a narrative that delves into the depths of human psyche, exploring themes of alienation, compassion, and the pursuitof knowledge at any cost.Continuing our exploration, we encounter Virginia Woolf’s "Mrs. Dalloway," a modernist masterpiece that unfolds over the course of a single day in post-World War I London. Woolf’s stream-of-consciousness narrative technique provides a glimpse into the inner lives of her characters, as they grapple with the lingering trauma of war and the constraints of societal expectations. Through the intersecting perspectives of Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith, Woolf offers a poignant meditation on the passage of time, the nature of memory, and the pursuit of individual identity in the face of societal conformity.As we traverse through the vast expanse of English literature, from the works of Shakespeare to contemporary voices such as Zadie Smith and Kazuo Ishiguro, each masterpiece serves as a testament to the enduring power of storytelling. Whether exploring the complexities of human nature, confronting societal injustices, or grappling with existential questions, these works continue to resonatewith readers across generations, inviting us to ponder the universal truths and timeless wisdom they impart.In conclusion, the journey through 100 English literary masterpieces is a transformative odyssey that transcends mere reading; it is an exploration of the human condition, a celebration of the human imagination, and a testament to the enduring legacy of storytelling. Through the pages of these timeless works, we find solace, enlightenment, and inspiration, reaffirming the profound impact thatliterature has on our lives and our understanding of the world.。

好用的英文文献

好用的英文文献The world of literature is vast and diverse, offering a rich tapestry of stories, ideas, and perspectives that have the power to captivate, inspire, and transform us. Among the many genres and forms of literature, English literature stands out as a particularly valuable and influential body of work. Whether you are a student, a scholar, a professional, or simply a passionate reader, engaging with high-quality English literature can be an immensely rewarding and enriching experience.One of the primary reasons why English literature is so valuable is its ability to broaden our horizons and deepen our understanding of the human experience. Through the works of renowned authors such as William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, and Ernest Hemingway, we are transported to different eras, cultures, and perspectives, allowing us to gain a deeper appreciation for the diversity and complexity of the world around us. These literary masterpieces not only entertain us but also challenge us to confront our own biases, beliefs, and assumptions, ultimately helping us to become more empathetic, critical, and well-rounded individuals.Moreover, English literature serves as a powerful tool for personal growth and self-discovery. Many works of literature explore themes of identity, relationships, and the human condition, providing readers with a mirror in which to reflect upon their own lives and experiences. By engaging with these literary works, we can gain valuable insights into our own thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, ultimately helping us to better understand ourselves and navigate the complexities of the human experience.In addition to its personal and cultural significance, English literature also plays a crucial role in academic and professional settings. For students, engaging with high-quality English literature can be an invaluable resource for developing critical thinking, analytical, and communication skills. From analyzing literary devices and themes to crafting persuasive essays and research papers, the study of English literature equips students with the tools they need to succeed in a wide range of academic and professional pursuits.Furthermore, for professionals in fields such as business, law, and politics, a strong understanding of English literature can be a valuable asset. The ability to effectively communicate, persuade, and navigate complex ideas and narratives is essential in these high-stakes environments, and the skills developed through the study of English literature can be instrumental in achieving success.One of the key advantages of English literature is its accessibility and versatility. Unlike some other academic disciplines, which may require specialized knowledge or technical jargon, English literature is a field that is open to a wide range of readers, from the casual enthusiast to the seasoned scholar. Whether you are interested in classic novels, contemporary poetry, or historical non-fiction, there is a wealth of English literature available to explore and engage with.Moreover, the study of English literature is not limited to the classroom or the library. With the rise of digital technologies and online resources, accessing and engaging with English literature has become easier than ever before. From e-books and audiobooks to online literary journals and digital archives, readers can now immerse themselves in a vast and ever-expanding world of literary treasures from the comfort of their own homes.Despite the many benefits of engaging with English literature, it is important to note that the field is not without its challenges and complexities. Literary texts can be dense, nuanced, and open to multiple interpretations, requiring readers to approach them with a critical and analytical mindset. Additionally, the canon of English literature has historically been dominated by Western, male, and Eurocentric perspectives, which has led to a lack of diversity and representation in the field.However, in recent years, there has been a growing movement to address these imbalances and to expand the scope of English literature to include a more diverse range of voices and perspectives. From the rise of postcolonial and feminist literary studies to the increasing recognition of marginalized and underrepresented authors, the field of English literature is becoming more inclusive and representative, offering readers a richer and more diverse literary landscape.In conclusion, the value of English literature cannot be overstated. Whether you are a student, a scholar, a professional, or simply a passionate reader, engaging with high-quality English literature can be a transformative and enriching experience. From its ability to broaden our horizons and deepen our understanding of the human experience to its role in academic and professional settings, English literature is a powerful and indispensable resource that can enrich our lives in countless ways. As we continue to explore and engage with this vast and diverse field, we can look forward to a future in which the power of English literature continues to inspire, challenge, and transform us.。

管理心理学经典英文文献

管理心理学经典英文文献Here are some excerpts from classic management psychology literature, written in an informal and conversational English style:1. The Power of Positive Reinforcement.You know, sometimes a simple "good job" can make all the difference. Positive reinforcement is like a magic wand in the world of management. It boosts morale, improves productivity, and strengthens team bonds. But don't overdo it; too much praise can be a double-edged sword. Find the balance, and you'll see your team flourish.2. The Challenges of Leadership.Leading a team is not for the faint-hearted. It's about making tough decisions, motivating people, and dealing with all sorts of personalities. Some leaders rely on charm and charisma, while others use strict discipline. The truth is,there's no one-size-fits-all approach. It's about finding what works for your team and sticking to it.3. The Importance of Emotional Intelligence.In today's fast-paced work environment, emotional intelligence is more crucial than ever. It's about understanding yourself, managing your emotions, and being aware of others' feelings. Leaders with high emotional intelligence create a supportive, positive culture that fosters creativity and productivity.4. The Role of Communication in Management.Communication is the lifeblood of any organization.It's how ideas are shared, problems are solved, and goals are achieved. But effective communication isn't just about talking; it's about listening too. Understanding yourteam's needs and concerns is crucial for building trust and maintaining a harmonious working environment.5. Dealing with Conflict in the Workplace.Conflict is inevitable in any workplace. It could be a disagreement over a project, a personality.。

西方经典文学100篇（ByBBC）

西方经典文学100篇（ByBBC）1、The Lord of the Rings, JRR Tolkien 指环王，J.R.R.托尔金2、Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen 傲慢与偏见，简?奥斯丁3、His Dark Materials, Philip Pullman 黑暗物质，菲利普?普尔曼4、The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, Douglas Adams 银河系漫游指南，道格拉斯?亚当斯5、Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, JK Rowling 哈利?波特与火焰杯，J.K.罗琳6、To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee 杀死一只知更鸟，哈珀?李7、Winnie the Pooh, AA Milne 小熊维尼，A、A、米尔恩8、Nineteen Eighty-Four, George Orwell 1984，乔治?奥威尔9、The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, CS Lewis 纳尼亚传奇：狮子、女巫、魔衣橱，C.S.刘易斯10、Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bront?简?爱，夏绿蒂?勃朗特11、Catch-22, Joseph Heller 第22条军规，约瑟?海勒12、Wuthering Heights, Emily Bront?呼啸山庄，艾米莉?勃朗特13、Birdsong, Sebastian Faulks鸟之歌，塞巴斯蒂安?福克斯14、Rebecca, Daphne du Maurier蝴蝶梦（吕蓓卡），达夫妮?杜穆里埃15、The Catcher in the Rye, JD Salinger 麦田里的守望者，J.D.塞林格16、The Wind in the Willows, Kenneth Grahame 柳林风声，肯尼斯?格雷厄姆17、Great Expectations, Charles Dickens 远大前程，查尔斯?狄更斯18、Little Women, Louisa May Alcott 小妇人，露意莎?梅?奥尔柯特19、Captain Corelli’s Mandolin, Louis de Bernieres柯莱利上尉的曼陀林，路易斯?德?贝尔尼埃20、War and Peace, Leo Tolstoy 战争与和平，列夫?托尔斯泰21、Gone with the Wind, Margaret Mitchell 飘，玛格丽特?米切尔22、Harry Potter And The Philosopher’s Stone, JK Rowling 哈利?波特与魔法石，J.K.罗琳23、Harry Potter And The Chamber Of Secrets, JK Rowling 哈利?波特与密室，J.K.罗琳24、Harry Potter And The Prisoner Of Azkaban, JK Rowling 哈利?波特与阿兹卡班的囚徒，J.K.罗琳25、The Hobbit, JRR Tolkien 霍比特人，J.R.R.托尔金26、Tess Of The D’Urbervilles, Thomas Hardy 德伯家的苔丝，托马斯?哈代27、Middlemarch, George Eliot 米德尔马契，乔治?艾略特28、A Prayer For Owen Meany, John Irving 为欧文?米尼祈祷，约翰?欧文29、The Grapes Of Wrath, John Steinbeck 愤怒的葡萄，约翰?斯坦贝克30、Alice’s Adventures In Wonderland, Lewis Carroll 爱丽丝漫游奇境记，刘易斯?卡罗尔31、The Story Of Tracy Beaker, Jacqueline Wilson 崔西?贝克的故事，杰奎琳?威尔森32、One Hundred Years Of Solitude, Gabriel GarcíaMárquez 百年孤独，加西亚?马尔克斯33、The Pillars Of The Earth, Ken Follett 圣殿春秋，肯?弗雷特34、David Copperfield, Charles Dickens 大卫?科波菲尔，查尔斯?狄更斯35、Charlie And The Chocolate Factory, Roald Dahl 查理和巧克力工厂，罗尔德?达尔36、Treasure Island, Robert Louis Stevenson 金银岛，罗伯特?路易斯?斯蒂文森37、A T own Like Alice, Nevil Shute 像爱丽丝的小镇，内维尔?舒特38、Persuasion, Jane Austen 劝导，简?奥斯丁39、Dune, Frank Herbert 沙丘，弗兰克?赫伯特40、Emma, Jane Austen 爱玛，简?奥斯丁41、Anne Of Green Gables, LM Montgomery 绿山墙的安妮，L.M.蒙哥马利42、Watership Down, Richard Adams 沃特希普荒原，理查德?亚当斯43、The Great Gatsby, F Scott Fitzgerald 了不起的盖茨比，斯科特?菲茨杰拉德44、The Count Of Monte Cristo, Alexandre Dumas 基督山恩仇记，大仲马45、Brideshead Revisited, Evelyn Waugh 旧地重游（故园风雨后），伊夫林?沃46、Animal Farm, George Orwell 动物农场，乔治?奥威尔47、A Christmas Carol, Charles Dickens 圣诞颂歌，查尔斯?狄更斯48、Far From The Madding Crowd, Thomas Hardy 远离尘嚣，托马斯?哈代49、Goodnight Mister Tom, Michelle Magorian晚安，汤姆先生，米歇尔?麦格里安50、The Shell Seekers, RosamundePilcher海边拾贝人，罗莎蒙德?皮尔彻51、The Secret Garden, Frances Hodgson Burnett 秘密花园，法兰西丝?霍森?柏纳特52、Of Mice And Men, John Steinbeck 人鼠之间，约翰?斯坦贝克53、The Stand, Stephen King 末日逼近，斯蒂芬?金54、Anna Karenina, Leo Tolstoy 安娜?卡列尼娜，列夫?托尔斯泰55、A Suitable Boy, Vikram Seth 合适郎君，维克拉姆?塞斯56、The BFG, Roald Dahl 吹梦巨人，罗尔德?达尔57、Swallows And Amazons, Arthur Ransome燕子与鹦鹉，亚瑟?兰塞姆58、Black Beauty, Anna Sewell 黑美人，安娜?休厄尔59、Artemis Fowl, EoinColfer阿特米斯奇幻历险，艾欧因?寇弗60、Crime And Punishment, Fyodor Dostoyevsky 罪与罚，费奥多尔?陀思妥耶夫斯基61、Noughts And Crosses, Malorie Blackman 圈与叉，马洛里?布莱克曼62、Memoirs Of A Geisha, Arthur Golden 艺伎回忆录，亚瑟?高登63、A Tale Of Two Cities, Charles Dickens 双城记，查尔斯?狄更斯64、The Thorn Birds, Colleen McCollough荆棘鸟，考琳?麦考洛65、Mort, Terry Pratchett 死神学徒（碟形世界系列之4），特里?普拉切特66、The Magic Faraway Tree, Enid Blyton 远方的魔法树，伊妮德?布莱顿67、The Magus, John Fowles 大法师，约翰?福尔斯68、Good Omens, Terry Pratchett and Neil Gaiman 好兆头，特里?普拉切特和尼尔?盖曼69、Guards! Guards!, Terry Pratchett 卫兵！卫兵！特里?普拉切特70、Lord Of The Flies, William Golding 蝇王，威廉?戈尔丁71、Perfume, Patrick Süskind 香水，帕特里克?聚斯金德（台湾译名徐四金）72、The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists, Robert Tressell 穿破裤子的慈善家，罗伯特、特莱塞尔73、Night Watch, Terry Pratchett 夜巡，特里?普拉切特74、Matilda, Roald Dahl 玛蒂尔达（小魔女），罗尔德?达尔75、Bridget Jones’s Diary, Helen Fielding 布雷吉特?琼斯的日记（BJ单身日记），海伦?菲尔丁76、The Secret History, Donna Tartt 校园秘史，唐娜?塔特77、The Woman In White, Wilkie Collins 白衣女人，威尔基?柯林斯78、Ulysses, James Joyce 尤利西斯，詹姆斯?乔伊斯79、Bleak House, Charles Dickens 荒凉山庄，查尔斯?狄更斯80、Double Act, Jacqueline Wilson81、The Twits, Roald Dahl 蠢特夫妇，罗尔德?达尔82、I Capture The Castle, Dodie Smith 我的秘密城堡，道迪?史密斯83、Holes, Louis Sachar 洞（别有洞天），路易斯?萨奇尔84、Gormenghast, MervynPeake 歌门鬼城（幽灵古堡），马温?皮克85、The God Of Small Things, Arundhati Roy 微物之神，阿兰达蒂?洛伊86、Vicky Angel, Jacqueline Wilson 87、Brave New World, Aldous Huxley 美丽新世界，奥尔德斯?赫胥黎88、Cold Comfort Farm, Stella Gibbons 寒冷舒适的农庄，斯特拉?吉本89、Magician, Raymond E Feist 魔法师，雷蒙?弗斯特90、On The Road, Jack Kerouac 在路上，杰克?克鲁亚克91、The Godfather, Mario Puzo 教父，马里奥?普佐92、The Clan Of The Cave Bear, Jean M Auel 爱拉与穴熊族，珍?奥尔93、The Colour Of Magic, Terry Pratchett 魔法的颜色（碟形世界系列之1），特里?普拉切特94、The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho 炼金术士，保罗?科埃略95、Katherine, Anya Seton 凯瑟琳，安雅?西顿96、Kane And Abel, Jeffrey Archer 该隐和亚伯，杰弗里?阿彻97、Love In The Time Of Cholera, Gabriel GarcíaMárquez 霍乱时期的爱情，加西亚?马尔克斯98、Girls In Love, Jacqueline Wilson 恋爱的女孩，杰奎琳?威尔森99、The Princess Diaries, Meg Cabot 公主日记，梅格?凯博特100、Midnight’s Children, Salman Rushdie 午夜之子，萨尔曼?拉什迪（来源）。

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share with 各位会计、财务专业的同学...（P.S.读英文期刊绝对是体力活...开读前一定要吃好睡好...）这些是会计学的基础文献，是所有其他文献的参考文献~~~经典文献（The 100 articles with the highest citation index-until 1996）参考：Lawrence D. Brown, 1996, “Influential Accounting Articles, Individuals, Ph. D Granting Institutions and Faculties; A Citational Analysis”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol.21, NO.7/8, P726-7281. Ball, R. an d Brown, P., 1968, “An Empirical Evaluation of Accounting Income Numbers”, journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, pp. 159-1781. 2.Watts R.L., Zimmerman J., 1978, “Towards a Positive Theory of theDetermination of Accounting Standards”, The Accounting Review, pp. 112-1342. 3.Healy P.M, 1985, “The Effect of Bonus Schemes on Accounting Decisions”,Journal of Accounting and Economics, April, 85-1073.Hopwood A. G., “Towards an Organizational Perspective for the Study ofAccounting and Information Systems”, Accounting, Organizations and Society (No.1, 1978) pp. 3-144.Collins, D. W., Kothari, S. P., 1989, “An Analysis of Intertemporal andCross-Sectional Determinants of Earnings Response Coefficients”, journal ofAccounting & Economics, pp. 143-1815.EastonP.D, Zmijewski M.E, 1989, “Cross-Sectional Variation in the Stock MarketResponse to Accounting Earnings Announcements”, Journal of Accou nting andEconomics, 117-1416.Beaver, W. H., 1968, “The Information Content of Annual EarningsAnnouncements”, journal of Accounting Research, pp. 67-927.Holthausen R.W., Leftwich R.W., 1983, “The Economic Consequences ofAccounting Choice: Implications of Costly Contracting and Monitoring”, journal of Accounting & Economics, August, pp77-1178.Patell J.M, 1976, “Corporate Forecasts of Earnings Per Share and Stock PriceBehavior: Empirical Tests. Journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, 246-2769.Brown L.D., Griffin P.A., Hagerman R.L., Zmijewski M.E, 1987, “An Evaluation ofAlternative Proxies for the Market’s Assessment of Unexpected Earnings”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 61-8710.Ou J.A., Penman S.H., 1989, “Financial Statement Analysis a nd the Prediction ofStock Returns”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, Nov., 295-32911.William H. Beaver, Roger Clarke, William F. Wright, 1979, “The Associationbetween Unsystematic Security Returns and the Magnitude of Earnings ForecastErrors,” Journa l of Accounting Research, 17, 316-340.12.Burchell S., Clubb C., Hopwood, A., Hughes J., Nahapiet J., 1980, “The Roles ofAccounting in Organizations and Society”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.1, pp. 5-2813.Atiase, R.K., 1985, “Predisclosure Info rmation, Firm Capitalization, and SecurityPrice Behavior Around Earnings Announcements”, journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp.21-36.ler P., O'Leary T., 1987, “Accounting and the Construction of the GovernablePerson”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No. 3, pp. 235-26615.O'Brien P.C., 1988, “Analysts' Forecasts As Earnings Expectations”, journal ofAccounting & Economics, pp.53-8316.Bernard, V. L., 1987, “Cross-Sectional Dependence and Problems in Inference inMarket-Based Accounting Researc h”, Journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp.1-4817.Brown L.D., Griffin P.A., Hagerman R.L., Zmijewski M.E, 1987, “An Evaluation ofAlternative Proxies for the Market’s Assessment of Unexpected Earnings”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 61-8718.Freem an, R. N., 1987, “The Association Between Accounting Earnings and SecurityReturns for Large and Small Firms”, journal of Accounting & Economics, pp.195-22819.Collins, D. W. , Kothari, S. P. and Rayburn, J. D., 1987, “Firm Size and theInformation Content of Prices with Respect to Earnings”, journal of Accounting & Economics, pp. 111-13820.Beaver, W. H., Lambert, R. A. and Morse, D., 1980, “The Information Content ofSecurity Prices, Journal of Accounting & Economics”, March, pp. 3-2821.Foster G., 1977, “Quar terly Accounting Data: Time-Series Properties andpredictive-Ability Results”, The Accounting Review, pp. 201-23222.Christie A.A., 1987, “On Cross-Sectional Analysis in Accounting Research”, journalof Accounting & Economics, December, pp. 231-25823.Loft A., 1986, “Towards a Critica1 Understanding of Accounting: The Case of CostAccounting in theU.K.”, 1914-1925, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.2, pp.137-17024.GonedesN.J., Dopuch N., 1974, “Capital Market Equilibrium, InformationProduction, and Selecting Accounting Techniques: Theoretical Framework and Review of Empirical Work”, journal of Accounting, 48-12925.Bowen, R. M. , Noreen, E. W. and Lacey, J. M., 1981, “Determinants of theCorporate Decision to Capitalize Interest”, Journal of Accounting & E conomics, August, pp151-17926.Hagerman R.L, Zmijewski M.E, 1979, “Some Economic Determinants of AccountingPolicy Choice”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, August, 141-16127.Burchell S., Clubb, C. and Hopwood, A. G., 1985, “Accounting in its Socia1 Conte xt:Towards a History of Value Added in theUnited Kingdom”, Accounting,Organizations and Society, No. 4, pp.381-41428.Leftwich R.W, 1981, “Evidence of the Impact of Mandatory Changes in AccountingPrinciples on Corporate Loan Agreements”, Journal of Accoun ting and Economics, 3-3629.Bernard, V. L. and Thomas, J . K., 1989, “Post-Earnings Announcement Drift:Delayed Price Response or Risk Premium?”, Journal of Accounting Research, pp.1-3630.WattsR.L., Zimmerman J.L., 1979, “The Demand for and Supply of Account ingTheories: The Market for Excuses”, The Accounting Review, April, pp. 273-305 31.Armstrong J.P., 1987, “the rise of Accounting Controls in British CapitalistEnterprises”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, May, pp. 415-43632.Beaver, W. H. , Lambert, R. A. and Ryan, S. G., 1987, “The Information Content ofSecurity Prices: A Second Look”, journal of Accounting & Economics, July, pp.139-15733.Chambers, A. E., Penman, S.H, 1984, “Timeliness of Reporting and the Stock PriceReaction to Earnings Announcemen ts”, journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp.21-4734.Collins D.W., Rozeff M.S., Dhaliwal D.S., 1981, “The Economic Determinants of theMarket Reaction to Proposed Mandatory Accounting Changes in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Cross-Sectional Analysis”, Jou rnal of Accounting and Economics, 37-71 35.Holthausen R.W., 1981, “Evidence on the Effect of Bond Covenants andManagement Compensation Contracts on the Choice of Accounting Techniques: The Case of the Depreciation Switch-Back”, journal of Accounting & Economics, March, pp. 73-10936.ZmijewskiM.E., Hagerman R.L., 1981, “An Income Strategy Approach to thePositive Theory of Accounting Standard Settings/Choice”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 129-14937.Lev B., Ohlson J.A, 1982, “Market-Based Empirical Research in Accounting: AReview, Interpretation, and Ext ension”, Journal of Accounting Research, 249-322 38.Ou J. and Penman S.H., 1989, “Financial Statement Analysis and the Prediction ofStock Returns”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, Nov., 295-32939.Bruns Jr. W.J, Waterhouse, J., 1975, “Budgetary Control a nd OrganizationStructure”, journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, pp. 177-20340.Tinker A.M., Merino B.D., Neimark M., 1982, “The Normative Origins of PositiveTheories: Ideology and Accounting Thought, Accounting, Organizations andSociety”, No. 2, pp. 167-20041.Foster, G., 1980, “Accounting Policy Decisions and Capital Market Research”,journal of Accounting & Economics March, pp. 29-6242.Gibbins M., 1984, “Propositions About the Psychology of Professional Judgement inPublic Accounting”, Journal of Account ing Research, Spring, pp. 103-12543.Hopwood A.G, 1983, “On Trying to Study Accounting in the Contexts in which itOperates”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No. 2/3, pp. 287-30544.Abdolmohammadi M.J., Wright A., 1987, “An Examination of the Effects ofExperience and Task Complexity on Audit Judgments”, The Accounting Review, pp.1-1345.Berry, A. J., Capps, T., Cooper, D.,Ferguson, P., Hopper, T. and Lowe, E. A., 1985,“Management Control in an Area of the NCB: Rationales of Accounting Practices ina Pub lic Enterprise”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.1, pp.3-2846.Hoskin, K.W., Macve R.H, 1986, “Accounting and the Examination: A Genealogy ofDisciplinary Power”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No. 2, pp. 105-136 47.Kaplan R.S, 1984, “The Evolution of Management Accounting”, The AccountingReview, 390-34148.Libby R., 1985, “Availability and the Generation of Hypotheses in Analytica1Review”, journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, pp. 648-66749.Wilson G.P., 1987, “The Incremental Information Con tent of the Accrual and FundsComponents of Earnings After Controlling for Earnings”, the Accounting Review, 293-32250.Foster, G., Olsen, C., Shevlin T., 1984, “Earnings Releases, Anomalies, and theBehavior of Security Returns”, The Accounting Review, Octo ber, pp.574-603 51.Lipe R.C., 1986, “The Information Contained in the Components of Earnings”,journal of Accounting Research, pp. 37-6852.Rayburn J., 1986, “The Association of Operating Cash Flows and Accruals WithSecurity Returns”, Journal of Accounting Re search, 112-13753.Ball, R. and Foster, G., 1982, “Corporate Financial Reporting: A MethodologicalReview of Empirical Research”, journal of Accounting Research, pp. 161-234 54.Demski J.S, Feltham G.A, 1978, “Economic Incentives in Budgetary ControlSystems”, The Accounting Review, 336-35955.Cooper D.J, Sherer M.J, 1984, “The Value of Corporate Accounting Reports:Arguments for a Political Economy of Accounting”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.3, 207-23256.Arrington, C. E., Francis J.R., 1989, “Letting the Chat Out of the Bag:Deconstruction privilege and Accounting Research”, Accounting Organization and Society, March, pp. 1-2857.Fried, D., Givoly, D., 1982, “Financial Analysts' Forecasts of Earnings: A BetterSurrogate for Market Expectations”, journal of Accounting & Economics, October, pp. 85-10758.Waterhouse J. H., Tiessen P., 1978, “A Contingency Framework for ManagementAccounting Systems Research”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.3,pp.65-7659.Ashton, R .H., 1974, “Experimental Study of In ternal Control Judgment journal ofaccounting Research”, 1974, pp. 143-15760.Collins D. W., Dent, W. T., 1979, “The Proposed Elimination of Full Cost Accountingin the Extractive Petroleum Industry: An Empirical Assessment of the MarketConsequences”, journ al of Accounting & Economics, March, pp. 3-4461.Watts R.L., Leftwich, R. W., 1977, “The Time Series of Annual Accounting Earnings,journal of Accounting Research”, Autumn, pp. 253-27162.Otley D.T, 1980, “The Contingency Theory of Management Accounting:Achievement and Prognosis”, Accounting, Organizations, and Society, NO. 4,413-42863.Hayes D.C, 1977, “The Contingency Theory of Managerial Accounting”, TheAccounting Review, January, 22-3964.Bea ver, W. H. ,Griffin, P. A. and Landsman, W. R., 1982, “The IncrementalInformation Content of Replacement Cost Earnings”, Journal of Accounting &Economics, July, pp. 15-3965.Libby R., Lewis B.L., 1977, “Human Information Processing Research in Accounting:The State of the Art”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.3, pp. 245-268 66.Schipper W., Thompson R., 1983, “The Impact Mergers-Related Regulations onthe Shareholders of Acquiring Firms”, Journal of Accounting Research, 184-221 67.Antle, R., Smith, A., 1986, “An Empirical Investigation of the Relative PerformanceEvaluation of Corporate Executives”, journal of Accounting Research, spring,pp.1-39.68.GonedesN.J., Dopuch N., Penman S.H., 1976, “Disclosure Rules,Information-Production, and Capital Market Equilibrium: The Case of ForecastDisclosure Rules”, Journal of Accounting Research, 89-13769.Ashton, A. H. and Ashton, R. H., 1998, “Sequential Belief Revision in Auditing”, TheAccounting Review, October, pp. 623-641rcker D.F, 1983, “The Association Be tween Performance Plan Adoption andCorporate Capital Investment”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 3-3071.McNichols M., Wilson G.P., 1988, “Evidence of Earnings Management from theProvision for Bad Debts”, journal of Accounting Research, pp.1-3172.Tomk ins C., Groves R., 1983, “The Everyday Accountant and Researching HisReality”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No 4, pp361-37473.Dye R.A, 1985, “Disclosure of Nonproprietary Information”, Journal of AccountingResearch, 123-14574.Biddle, G. C. and Li ndahl F. W., 1982, “Stock Price Reactions to LIFO Adoptions:The Association Between Excess Returns and LIFO Tax Savings”, Journal ofAccounting Research, 1982, pp. 551-58875.Joyce E.J., 1976, “Expert Judgment in Audit Program Planning”, journal ofAccounting Research, pp. 29-6076.Kaplan R.S, 1983, “Measuring Manufacturing Performance: A New Challenge forManagerial Accounting Research”, The Accounting Review, 686-70577.Ball R., 1972, “Changes in Accounting Techniques and Stock Prices”, journal ofAccounting Research, Supplement, pp. 1-3878.Ricks W.E, 1982, “The Market’s Response to the 1974 LIFO Adoptions”, Journal ofAccounting Research, 367-38779.Albrecht, W. S., Lookabill L. L., McKeown, J.C., 1977, “The Time-Series Propertiesof Annual Earnings”, journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, pp. 226-24480.DeAngelo L.E, 1981, “Auditor Size and Audit Quality”, Journal of Accounting andEconomics, 183-19981.Merchant K.A., 1981, “The Design of the Corporate Budgeting System: Influenceson Managerial Behavioral and Perfor mance”, The Accounting Review, October, pp.813-82982.Penman S.H, 1980, “An Empirical Investment of the Voluntary Disclosure ofCorporate Earnings Forecasts of Earnings”, Journal of Accounting Research,132-16083.Simunic D., 1980, “The Pricing of Audit Services: Theory and Evidence”, Journal ofAccounting Research, 161-19084.Waller W. S., Felix Jr. W.L., 1984, “The Auditor and Learning from Experience:Some Conjectures”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No. 3, pp. 383-408 85.Dyckman T.R, Smith A.J, 1979, “Financial Accounting and Reporting by Oil and GasProducing Companies: A Study of Information Effects”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 45-7586.Holthausen R.W., Verrecchia R.E., 1988, “The Effect of Sequential InformationReleases on the Variance of Price Changes in an Intertemporal Multi-Asset Market”, journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp.82-10687.Hopwood A. G., 1978, “Towards an Organizational Perspective for the Study ofAccounting and Information Systems”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.1, pp. 3-1488.Leftwich R.W, 1983, “Accounting Information in Private Markets: Evidence fromPrivate Lending Agreements”. The Accounting Review, 23-4289.Otley D.T, 1978, “Budget Use and Managerial Performance”, Journal of AccountingResearch, Spring, 122-14990.Griffin, 1977, “The time-series Behavior of Quarterly Earnings: PreliminaryEvidence”, Journal of Accounting Research, spring, 71-8391.Brownell P., 1982, “The Role of Accounting Data in Performance Evaluation,Budgetary Participation, and Organizational Effectiveness”, journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp. 12-2792.Dhaliwal D.S, Salamon G.L, Smith E.D, 1982, “The effect of Owner Vs ManagementControl on the Choice of Accounting and Economics”, 41-5393.Hopwood A.G., 1972, “An Empirical Study of the Role of Accounting Data inPerformance Evaluation”, journal of Accounting Research, pp. 156-18294.Foster, G., 1981, “Intra-Industry Information Transfers Associated with EarningsReleases”, journal of Accounting & Economics, December, pp. 201-23295.Chua, W. 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