A course in phonetics-peter chinese
英语语言文学 考研书目
英语语言文学考研书目以下是英语语言文学考研的一些建议书目：1. A Course in Phonetics by Peter Ladefoged (《声音学教程》彼得·拉德福格德)2. An Introduction to Language by Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams (《语言学导论》布希·托特勒·弗罗姆金，罗伯特·罗德曼，妮娜·哈马斯)3. Modern English Grammar by Geoffrey Leech, Margaret Deuchar, and Robert Hoogenraad (《现代英语语法》李治，玛格丽特·迪尤查，罗伯特·胡根拉德)4. An Introduction to Old English by Richard Hogg (《老英语导论》理查德·霍格)5. The English Language: A Linguistic History by Laurel J. Brinton and Leslie Arnovick (《英语语言：一部语言学史》劳雷尔·J·布兰顿，莱斯利·阿诺能)6. Language and Linguistics: The Key Concepts by R.L. Trask (《语言与语言学：基本概念》R.L.特拉斯克)7. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics by David Crystal (《语言学和音系学词典》戴维·克里斯特尔)8. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language by David Crystal (《剑桥英语语言百科全书》戴维·克里斯特尔)9. The Oxford Companion to the English Language edited by Tom McArthur (《牛津英语语言伴读》汤姆·麦克·阿瑟)10. English Syntax and Argumentation by Bas Aarts (《英语句法与论证》巴斯·阿茨)这些书籍涵盖了英语语言文学的不同方面，从语音学、语言学、语法到语言历史，都能提供必要的知识和理论基础。
课件4：Using Language
(1) 埋头工作 deep in work (2) 沉思着 deep in thought
(3) 债台高筑 deep in debt (4) 专心读书 deep in one’s book(s)
2. Show her in, Mrs Pearce. 皮尔斯太太, 领她进来。 show in 带或领……进来 show sb. in 领某人进来, 其反义词为: show sb. out 领某人出去
3. I can’t. I dursn’t. It ain’t natural and it’d kill me.
I cannot. I daren’t. It isn’t natural and it would kill me.
Listening and speaking 1 Before you listen to Act Two, Scene 2, discuss in groups of four what you need to do to change Eliza into a lady. Make a list and then think about how you will make each change. Then prepare to present your ideas to the class.
e.g. He showed me into a bedroom. 他把我领进一间卧室。 He showed me out. 他把我领了出去。
show构成的短语有:
show sb. around 领某人参观某地
show off
炫耀
show up
出现, 来到某处; 揭露;显得好看
3.Eliza comes into the room shyly following Mrs. Pearce. 伊莉莎害羞的跟着皮尔斯太太进来了 。 following…现在分词短语做伴随状语, 与主语为主 动关系，用现在分词。
大学英语专业毕业论文英语语言研究方向选题
英语语言研究方向选题1．语音1.1 语音学英语语音特点美式英语语音特点英音和美音的区别分析英语语音的变异现象英语书写与语音的差异英语和汉语语音比较1.2 语位学英语音位变体英语音节结构特征英语音位分布特征英语音节音位与汉语音节音位比较英汉音位对比1.3超音段音节英语重音特点英语语调特点英语音节节奏研究英语超音段音位比较研究2. 语法学英语祈使句结构双并语结构There Be 结构疑问句特殊疑问句It 用法被动句中英相应语法结构制中英具体模式与句式特点英语间的用法As 的用法That的用法不定式的用法动名词的用法非谓语动词的用法情态动词的用法各种时态的特殊用法主动与被动的问题数词的问题代词的问题3.形态学英语语法特征英语启折变化特征英语构词法英语复合词英语词汇借入4.语义英语词语的色彩英语词汇的特点网络英语词汇特征词的理句和文化历史关系中英文化中的词汇意义对应分析若干时态多少的英语反义与语义研究词汇空缺与词义冲突词语构成的现据英语词汇的发展基本形态变化的英语反义词语义讲究英语词汇的相异性英语歧义现象英语同义词的差异性5.语用学非言语交际跨文化交际关联理语用推理关联的交际言语行为语用失误6.修辞学英语修辞结构的特征修辞特征与文化修辞与理解英汉修辞手法的比较讲话与修辞英语语言研究参考书目语言学：程雨民.《语言系统及其运作》. 上海外语教育出版社，1997.程雨民.《英语语体学》. 上海外语教育出版社，1989.董树人（主编）.《语言学论文索引》（1991）. 北京语言学院出版社，1993.董树人（主编）. 《语言学论文索引》（1992）. 北京语言学院出版社，1994.董树人（主编）. 《语言学论文索引》（1993）. 北京语言学院出版社，1995.董树人（主编）.《语言学论文索引》（1994）.北京语言学院出版社，1996.董树人（主编）.《语言学论文索引》.北京语言学院出版社，1997.桂诗春.《应用语言学》.湖南教育出版社，1988.桂诗春.《心理语言学》.上海外语教育出版社，1985.桂诗春,宁春岩主编.《语言学方法论》.外语教育与研究出版社，1997.何自然.《语用学概论》. 湖南教育出版社，1988.刘辰诞.《教育篇章语言学》.上海外语教育出版社，1999.刘润清.《西方语言学流派》.外语教育与研究出版社，1995.戚雨村.《语言学引论》.上海外语教育出版社，1985.戚雨村.《现代语言学的特点和发展趋势》.上海外语教育出版社，1997.秦秀白.《文体学概论》，湖南教育出版社，1986.赵世开.《美国语言学简史》.上海外语教育出版社，1989.王德春.《语言学概论》.上海外语教育出版社，1997.王宗炎.《语言学和语言的运用》.上海外语教育出版社，1998.王宗炎.《语言问题探索》.上海外语教育出版社，1985.伍谦光.《语义学导论》.湖南教育出版社，1988.杨自俭，李瑞华.《英汉对比研究论文集》.上海外语教育出版社，1990.祝畹琼.《社会语言学概论》.湖南教育出版社，1992.伍铁平.《模糊语言学》.上海外语教育出版社，1999.中国英汉语比较研究会《英汉语比较研究》.湖南科技教育出版社，1994.Carroll,D.W.Psychology of language,3rd edition(语言心理学)，外语教育与研究出版社，2000. Fasold,R.The Sociolinguistics of Language(社会语言学)，外语教育与研究出版社，2000. Gee,J.P.An introduction to Discourse Analysis:Theory and Method(话语分析入门：理论和方法)，外语教育与研究出版社，2000.Hudson,R.A.Sociolinguistics(社会语言学)，外语教育与研究出版社，2000.J.Kramsky.”Papers in General Linguistics”,Paris:Mouton the Hague,1976.Lyons,J.Linguistic Semantics:An Introduction(语义学引论), 外语教育与研究出版社，2000. Peccei,J.S.Pragmatics(语用学), 外语教育与研究出版社，2000。
外语口音研究书籍
外语口音研究书籍1. "Accents and Speech in Teaching English Phonetics and Phonology" by J. C. Wells《英语语音和音韵教学中的口音与语言》作者：J.C.韦尔斯2. "The Sounds of Language: An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology" by Elizabeth C. Zsiga《语言的声音：语音学和音韵学导论》作者：伊丽莎白·C.齐加3. "Accurate English: A Complete Course in Pronunciation" by Rebecca M. Dauuchesse《准确的英语：发音的完全课程》作者：丽贝卡·M·道切斯4. "English Accents and Dialects: An Introduction to Social and Regional Varieties of British English" by Arthur Hughes and Peter Trudgill《英语口音和方言：英国英语的社会和区域变体导论》作者：阿瑟·休斯和彼得·特勒吉尔5. "Teaching and Researching: Listening" by Michael Rost《教学与研究：听力》作者：迈克尔·罗斯特6. "Second Language Pronunciation Acquisition: A Focus on the Intelligibility of ESL Learners" by Jolanta Szpyra-Kozłowska《第二语言发音习得：聚焦ESL学习者的可理解性》作者：约兰塔·斯皮拉-科兹洛夫斯卡这些书籍可以为你提供有关外语口音研究的理论知识、教学方法以及研究成果等方面的信息。
牛津版英语七年级上—作文指导—期末模拟
1. 写作指导Unit 1Lucy’s holiday planUnit 2Taking care of your new puppiesUnit 3 A letter to your penfriendUnit 4 A survey on jobsUnit 5The Lis’ new flatUnit 6Life in different seasonsUnit 7Finding signsUnit 8 A report on habitsUnit 9Kitty’s letter about the festivalUnit 10My birthday partyUnit 11 A letter for the food projectUnit 1, Unit 3, Unit 9, Unit 11都属于应用文范畴。
Unit 1Lucy’s holiday planYou are Lucy. You want to write a letter to Kitty about your holiday plan for the Spring Festival. Write about:1)Who is going to travel to Garden City with you?2)When are you going to visit?3)How long are you going to stay?4)How are you going to travel to Garden City?5)Which place would you like to visit?这是一篇应用文，注意时态，使用恰当的方位介词。
Unit 3 A letter to your penfriendUnit 9Kitty’s letter about the festivalUnit 11 A letter for the food project这是一篇应用文;书信。
新编英语教程2,学生用书所有答案.
Unit 1I. TranslationA. Translate the following sentences into English.1.他是经理的儿子，但光凭这一点，他是没有资格批评我们的工作的。
（qualify）2.Smith 先生从教学岗位上退休下来之后，开始从事摄影这一兴趣爱好。
（take up）3.相比较下来，这幢房子的优点是价格低，儿那幢房子的有点是交通便利。
（by comparison）4.他似乎正在使出全身解数，试图提高这一新产品的销售量。
（promote）5.那些热切的学生们纷纷挤进了讲堂，以聆听来自剑桥大学的那位著名教授讲课。
6.正如成千上万的其他人一样，她被这件艺术品深深迷住了。
(like)7.知道我结婚的时候，我才有钱买了自己的房子。
（It…）B. Translate the following passage into English.因为雷文港市（Lavenport）的人太多而空间又不足，所以交通问题越来越严重。
最近几年由于人口增长很快，该市变得很拥挤。
世界上几乎没有一个城市象雷文港市那样拥挤。
自1851年以来，该市人民一直在拦海拓地（reclaim land from the sea）。
现在已经很难想象原来的海岸的面目了。
但是几年来，拦海计划的费用越来越贵。
今天几乎没有什么可以拦海拓地的地方了。
公共汽车、电车、轿车和出租车使街道越来越拥挤。
雷文港市的海港是世界上最繁忙的海港之一。
每天在雷文港市大约有五百万乘客使用这种或那种公共交通工具。
II. Choose a word or phrase that best complete each of the following sentences.1. A ______ statement is a false and malicious one meant to harm a person’s reputation.A. slanderousB. flatteringC. ill-naturedD. critical2. Computers can help students ______ objects that are difficult or impossible to view, such as human anatomy, molecular structures, orcomplex geometrical objects.A. dramaticB. visualizeC. realizeD. organize3. This famous businessman ______ most of the profits from his business to various charities after his success.A. donatedB. distributedC. dischargedD. designated4. In his most celebrated book, the author describes his experience in an unknown country against ______ obstacles of environment and weather, and failure of supplies.A. discriminatingB. disguisingC. dishearteningD. disregarding5. Beverly Hills is known for the ______ homes of film and television personalities and contains many fashionable shops.A. pricelessB. luxuriousC. p leasurableD. precious6. When people are physically ______ a drug, they suffer ill physical effects if they stoptaking the drug.A. absorbed inB. accepted byC. addicted toD. attracted to7. Within three months after birth, babies begin to show a preference for complex and ______ stimuli as opposed to simple and familiar stimuli.A. commonB. normalC. strangeD. novel8. The oldest known systems of education in history had two characteristics in common; they taught religion, and they ______ the tradition of the people.A. developedB. encouragedC. forwardedD. promoted9. Though unsuccessful, steam-powered models of airplanes made by the English inventor Henson in 1847 were ______, as many later models generally followed his designs.A. encouragingB. instructiveC. promisingD. victorious10. With the increasing consciousness of self heath care, millions of Chinese people ______ in a variety of daily physical exercises, ranging from the traditional shadow boxing to the modern earobics.A. compelsB. participateC. playD. shareReference:I. A1.H e is the manager’s son, but that alone does not qualify him to criticize our work.2.M r. Smith took up photography as a hobby after he retired from teaching.3.B y comparison, this house has the advantage of low price and that house has the advantage of convenient transportation.4.I t seems that his is making every effort to promote the sale of this new product.5.T he eager students crowded into the lecture hall to hear the famous professor fromCambridge University.6.S he, like thousands of others, is greatly fascinated by this work of art.7.I t was not until I got married that I could afford to buy a house of my own.B.The transport problem in Lavenport has been growing because in this cosmopolitan city there are too many people but there is not enough space. The population has been increasing very quickly in recent years and now Lavenport has become very crowded. Hardly any city/ Very few cities in the world is / are as crowded as Lavenport. Since 1851 the people in this port city have been reclaiming land from the sea and today it is difficult to imagine what the original shoreline looked like. But over the years, reclamation schemes have been growing more and more expensive and today there is hardly any place left where reclamation is possible. The streets are becoming more and more crowded with buses,trams, cars and taxis. The harbour is one of the busiest in the world. Each day about five million passengers make use of some kind of public transport or other in Lavenport.V. A.The take over Romans called people ended This know question took each shortened time caused was their any like another write period just like markB. her the a no some a little a few a The / her the her / one a / / one theII.1 ~ 5 ABACB 6~10 CDDCBUnit 2TranslationA. Translate the following sentences intoEnglish.1. 你能拿出他那天晚上不在家的证据吗？（use a relative clause）2. 刚才在这儿说的所有的话必须保密。
语音学与音韵学简介英文版
Recommended literature on Phonetics
Ashby, Michael and John Maidment 2005. Introducing phonetic science. Cambridge: University Press. Catford, J. C. 2001. A practical introduction to phonetics. 2nd edition. Oxford: University Press. Clark, John, Colin Yallop and Janet Fletcher 2006. An introduction to phonetics and phonology. Third edition. Oxford: Blackwell. Cruttenden, Alan 2001. Gimson’s Pronunciation of English. 6th edition. London: Arnold. Crystal, David 2002. A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics. 5th edition. Oxford: Blackwell. Davenport, Mike and S. J. Hannahs 1998. Introducing phonetics and phonologyபைடு நூலகம் London: Arnold. Davis, John F. 2004. Phonetics and phonology. Stuttgart: Klett Verlag. Fry, Dennis B. 1979. The physics of speech. Cambridge: University Press. International Phonetic Assoc., 1999. Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. Cambridge: University Press. Laver, John and William J. Hardcastle (eds) 1995. Handbook of phonetic sciences. Oxford: Blackwell. Ladefoged, Peter 2000. A course in phonetics. 4rd edition. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Ladefoged, Peter 2000. Vowels and consonants. An introduction to the sounds of languages. Oxford: Basel Blackwell. Wells, John C. 2006. English intonation. An introduction. Cambridge: University Press.
Review of English Phonetics and Phonology A Practical Course
nun ciat i on ) as the m ode l , t he cour se be g in s wi t h a di sc uss ion o f i nd ividua l seg me n ts , t he n mov e s i n to syl lab Le s t r uc t u r e , wor d s t r e s s , we a k forms of gra!!l matical o r fu nc t io n wor d s , as pect o f co nnec t ed sp e ec h su c h a s a s s i mil ati on, e li si on and I ink in g, a nd fin all y i nto nation. I n hi s dis cu s si on of vowels, Roa ch a dop ts the usua l British di s tin ct i on betwe en short vowel s, l on g vowel s,diph thong s and t riphthong s (i nc l u~ ing in the two l a t t e r t ho s e re pres ented gr aph ic ally by post vocali c 2: ) ' I n th e se c t i ons o n con son ant s, he op ts fo r the forti s /L enis dist in ct ion as oppos ed t o vo ic e d / vo ic e l e ss ;he a dopt s t he te rm a pp r o x i ma n t s f o r t he seg me n t s / j I , Iw/ and I r/ ; and he ma ke s a cl e ar di s tin cti on betw e e n sy llab ic co nson ant s and t ho s e pre c ed ed by
语言学Lecture4 Phonetics
(c) Alveolar ridge (齿龈): a prominent ridge at the very front of the hard palate, just behind the top teeth. (d) Teeth (e) Lips The lips can do many things: They can spread, round, open, close and vibrate. They can be employed independently with either of the two sets of teeth, or work together.
Three kinds of pronunciation: the /l/ in /li:f/, occurring before a vowel the /l/ in /fi:l/ and /bild/, occurring at the end of a word or before another consonant the /l/ in /helθ/, followed by an English dental sound
This gives more specific details about each sound unit, for example, is it aspirated or not?
Three main branches of phonetics
Articulatory phonetics ( 发音语音学 ): studying how speech sounds are produced/articulated by the various bodily organs. the mouth, nose, tongue and lips… Acoustic phonetics(声学语音学): studying the physical properties of speech sounds
语言学各门课程教材及推荐书目-(简明版)
课程名称：语言学流派刘润清（编著），1995，《西方语言学流派》。
北京：外语教学与研究出版社。
蓝纯（主编），2007，《语言导论》。
北京：外语教学与研究出版社。
课程名称：语义学Saeed, J. I. 2000. Semantics. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.Lyons, J. 2000. Linguistic Semantics: An Introduction. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.课程名称：认知语言学Evans, V. & Green, M. 2006. Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction.Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.课程名称：语音学与音系学Carlos Gussenhoven, Haike Jacobs. 2011. Understanding Phonology. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.Peter Ladefoged. 2009. A Course in Phonetics. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.课程名称：语用学Rose, Kenneth R. & Gabriele Kasper. 2001. Pragmatics in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Verschueren, Jef. 2000. Understanding Pragmatics. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. (A text that reconsiders the nature and function of pragmatics, i.e. regarding it as a perspective into language and language use.)课程名称：文体学王佐良,1987，《文体学引论》。
复旦大学中文系博士生中期考核实施方案
中文系博士生中期考核实施方案接复旦大学学位评定委员会2013年4月23日通知，自2012年9月入学的研究生起，取消（人文社科类）硕士学位研究生发表论文的要求，博士学位研究生发表论文的要求从原来的3篇核心期刊论文调整为2篇核心期刊论文（或1篇权威期刊论文），与此同时，要求各院系在研究生培养的全过程中采取各种配套的质量控制措施。
经中文学科学位评定分委员会讨论决定，本学科保证研究生培养质量的措施，除积极参与复旦大学研究生院组织的学位论文相似度检测、学位论文盲审以外，主要有两项：一是实施研究生学术报告会制度，二是加强博士生中期考核的力度。
中期考核的实施办法是：由各专业方向制订出博士生精读书目，在博士生入学时，与其导师商定，在本专业书目中选择5—15种，作为该生的精读书籍。
入学一年半后，针对其阅读掌握的程度进行考核。
考核的时间在每年的3—4月，各专业一般由5位教师组成考核小组，先听取博士生自述阅读收获，再由教师就相关书籍内容提出问题，要求博士生解答。
考核成绩只分“通过”和“不通过”两等，由5位教师投票决定。
“不通过”的博士生可在次年再度申请中期考核，获“通过”后才能参加学位论文开题报告。
本方案自2014年3月起，针对2012级博士生开始实施。
各专业的中考书目及实行细则附下。
一，汉语言文字学专业考核办法：1、A组书目中选7本，由教研室统一组织考核。
2、B组书目中选8本，由各方向组织考核。
A书目1、布龙菲尔德：《语言论》，商务印书馆，2008（通论）2、冯志伟：《现代语言学流派》，陕西人民出版社，1999（语言学史）3、Ladefoged,Peter. A Course in Phonetics（语音学教程，第五版），外语教学与研究出版社，2009（张维佳译，北京大学出版社，2011）（语音）4、朱德熙：《语法讲义》商务印书馆，2010；《语法答问》商务印书馆，2008（语法：结构主义）5、徐烈炯：《生成语法理论：标准理论到最简方案》，上海教育出版社，2009（语法：生成语法）6、威廉·克罗夫特：《语言类型学与语法共性》（龚群虎等译），复旦大学出版社，2010（类型学）7、Ungerer, F. & H. J. Schmid 1996 An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics. （《认知语言学入门》），外语教学与研究出版社，2001（认知语言学）8、徐烈炯：《语义学》，语文出版社，1995（语义）9、何自然、冉永平：《新编语用学概论》，北京大学出版社，2009（语用）10、游汝杰：《汉语方言学导论》，上海教育出版社，2000（方言）11、陈望道：《修辞学发凡》，复旦大学出版社，2008（修辞）12、董同龢：《汉语音韵学》，中华书局，2011（音韵）13、向熹：《简明汉语史》（上、下）（修订本），高等教育出版社，1993（汉语史）14、郭在贻：《训诂学》，中华书局，2009（训诂）15、裘锡圭：《文字学概要》（修订本），商务印书馆，2013（文字）B书目（一）、方言学/社会语言学1、丁声树（文）、李荣（表）：《汉语音韵讲义》，上海教育出版社，20102、李荣：《方言存稿》，商务印书馆，20123、袁家骅：《汉语方言概要》，语文出版社，20014、侯精一（主编）：《现代汉语方言概论》，上海教育出版社，20025、李如龙：《汉语方言学》，高等教育出版社，20076、周振鹤、游汝杰：《方言与中国文化》，上海人民出版社，20067、游汝杰、邹嘉彦：《社会语言学教程》（第二版），复旦大学出版社，20098、詹伯慧（主编）：《汉语方言及方言调查》，湖北教育出版社，20069、詹伯慧：《现代汉语方言》，198110、黄伯荣（主编）：《汉语方言语法类编》，青岛出版社，199611、赵元任：《现代吴语的研究》，商务印书馆，201112、赫德森：《社会语言学》（卢德平译），华夏出版社，198913、Chambers & Trudgill，Dialectology，北京大学出版社，200214、Labov, William. 1994 Principles of Linguistic Change Volume I: Internal Factors, Part AIntroduction and Methodology. 7-112. Language in Society. Peter Trudgill (eds.) Blackwell. 15、Wang, William S.-Y. 1969. Competing sound changes as a cause of residue. Language 459-25.16、Weinreich, Uriel. William Labov, and Marvin Herzog 1968. Empirical foundations for a theoryof language change. In W. Lehmann an Y. Malkiel (eds.), Directions for Historical Linguistics, Austin: University of Texas Press. 95-188.（中译文：语言演变理论的经验基础，《国外语言学》）（二）、语法学1、徐志民2005 《欧美语言学简史》（修订本），学林出版社2、索绪尔1996 《普通语言学教程》，商务印书馆3、叶斯柏森2009 《语法哲学》，商务印书馆4、霍凯特1986 《现代语言学教程》（上、下），北京大学出版社5、吕叔湘1979 《汉语语法分析问题》（重印，又载《汉语语法论文集》），商务印书馆。
上外公派留学英语培训听力真题历次精解1
上外公派留学英语培训听力真题历次精解1上外公派留学英语培训听力真题历次精解1 上外公派留学英语培训听力历次精解2013年业余17班英语痴呆症患者梅川一夫总结NO.1期中考试Section 1Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks as youlisten.you will listen to the talk ONCE ONLY.you now have 60 SECONDS to look at question 1 to 10.Studying abroad can serve several purposes at once; it can extend your academic Achievements,broaden your outlook and demonstrate initiative and adaptability tofrom your studies future employers.if you are to get the maximum (1) benefitoverseas you need to select an institution in the mainstream of national life rather than,perhaps tourist-ridden, or the internationalized capital city with a college (2) townits very high living costs。
I feel sure that our university can ofter what you need over a wide range of (3) discipline .The university is one of Britain’s leading centres of advanced teaching and research with students drawn from over 90 countries,Our city has the good (4) fortune to be a livelycity,firmly set in the heart of British commercial and agriculturallife,that has grown up over the centuries on the basis of technological pre-eminence (5) without bringing industry into the city centreitself.Here students can find themselves in the heart of British city life,yet only a few minutes away from beautiful and (6) historic countryside,this really is Great Britain.Although by international standards our university is quite small,with only 8700 students,in Britain it is one of the (7) larger institutions offering both undergraduateand postgraduate courses.The university has a long tradition of teaching students from overseas.This means that the university’s staff have developed an understanding of the special needs overseas students and have in many cases developed (8) links with university ,research institutes and governments abroad. At the moment one in nine student come from overseas and over 90 countries are (9) represented on the campus.As a student thismeans you have an opportunity to meet colleagues from many different cultures (10) while at the same time many of your friends could be students from your own state.Section 1的高频词abroad在国外、academic学术的、achievement成就、adaptability适应性、advanced先进的、agricultural农业的、although尽管、broaden扩大、benefit效益、basis基础、capital资本、commercial商业的、case案例、course课程、colleague同事、demonstrate演示、discipline纪律、drawn吸引、develope开发、fortune财富、firmly坚定的、employer雇主、extend扩展、historic历史的、larger大的、link链接、initiative主动性、institution机构、internationalize国际化、serve服务、several几个、special特殊的、 standard标准、offering提供、opportunity机会、purpose目的、technological技术、represent代表、while同时、without没有、Section ,Part AYou are going hear a telephone conversation between a customer and a clerk onbooking airline tickets,As you listen,complete the following form by writing NOMORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer:you will listen to this part ONCEONLY.you now have 30 SECONDS to read questions 11 to 15.Air china ticket booking informationDate of flight 11. June 25Time of flight 12. 23:50Client’s name 13. Philip BarneyMailing address 14. 48 west 114 Street New YorkPhone number 15. 87546273Part BNow listen to the news from BBC World Service As you listen.write T for the correctstatement and F for the incorrect statement.you will listen to the news ONCEONLY.you now have 30 SECONDS to look at questions 16 to 20:16. Demonstrator’s behaviors are aggressive. 答案F17. Exports go down by nearly 14 , 答案F18. A political writer died at home at the age of 62. 答案T19. 80000 people were made homeless by floods in India. 答案T20. The Japanese Bullet train line was damaged by a typhoon. 答案FSection ,高频词aggressive积极的、behaviors行为、damage损坏、demonstrator示威者、political 政治的、Section 3You are going to hear a talk on taxes and expenditures.Listen carefully and thenanswer the following questions by writing NO MORETHAN THREE WORDSfor each answer:you will listen to this part TWICE(You now have 60 SECONDS to readquestions 21 to 30:21. What is the first source of the British government income? 答案income taxes出现在18:20，提示词是fristly there are taxes22. What is the third source of the British government income? 答案social security contribution出现在19:00，提示词是finally there is a23. Where does the British government money frist go? 答案old age pensions出现在19:24，提示词是 topic24. What is one of the responsibilities of the local authorities? 答案public housing出现在19:45，提示词是responsibilities25. What does rates mean in the talk?答案local property出现在20:05，提示词是rates26. How much does the US government spend on defense interms of percentage? 答案25,出现在20:36，提示词是now defense in American represents27. What kind of taxes do American individual states collect besides income taxes?答案sales taxes出现在21:03，提示词是beside income taxes28. According to the speaker ,people of which country pay the most taxes? 答案Nowway,59,出现在21:38，提示词是other countries29. People of which country may enjoy the worst social services? 答案Spain,20,出现在21:50，提示词是Japan 28 , and30. What do lower taxes mean to the poor people?答案less care出现在22:22，提示词是and lower taxes ,eans public serve andSection 3高频词authority当局、contribution贡献、defense国防、individual个人、percentage百分比、pension退休金、social 社会、security安全、responsibility责任Section ,You are going to hear a lecture about immigration.As youlisten,complete thefollowing statement by writing NO MORE THAN WORDS for each answer.you willlisten to this part TWICE(You now have 60 SECONDS to read questions 31 to 40:th31. In the early 19,the world population was 900 million.答案900 million出现在31:57，提示词是population32. Irish people had to leave their country because of failure of potato cropping.答案potato cropping出现在32:18，提示词是failure of33. Most immigrants to New York could only work in sweet-short factories.答案sweet-short出现在33:15，提示词是could be a played in th34. In the 19 century ，the largest group of emigrants came from Britain。
四级作文学汉族Dear Peter
四级作文学汉族Dear PeterDear Peter,亲爱的彼得，Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.我很高兴收到你的来信询问我的一些关于如何学好中文的问题。
Here are a few suggestions. First, it is important to take a Chinese course, as youll be ableto learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students. Then, you should watch TVand read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.这里有一些建议。
首先，重要的是要有中文课，你就可以从老师和同学身上学习并且和同学练习。
然后，在条件允许的情况下看汉语电视和阅读书籍、报纸和杂志。
Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so youll learn and remember Chinese words more easily. You can also make more Chinese friends. Theywill tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.除此之外，学习和唱中文歌曲应该是个不错的主意。
因为这样做，你将要容易地多去学习和记忆中文单词。
你也可以交更多的中国朋友。
他们会告诉你很多关于中国的事情并帮助你学习汉语。
Try and write me in Chinese next time.下次试着用中文给我写信。
PhoneticsExercises—Answers,p.1
Phonetics Exercises—Answers, p. 1 PART 1: Review Exercises1.Write down the phonetic symbols representing the following descriptions, and illustrate each ofthe sounds with two English words.a) A voiced labiodental fricative [v]h) A high front tense unrounded vowel [i]b) A voiceless alveolar fricative [s]i) A low back lax unrounded vowel [a]c) A voiced palato-alveolar affricate [ï]j) A mid front tense unrounded vowel [e]d) A voiceless glottal fricative [h]k) A mid front lax unrounded vowel [å]e) A voiceless bilabial stop [p]l) A high back lax rounded vowel [Ț]f) A voiceless dental fricative [“]m)A low back lax rounded vowel [ö]g) A voiced velar stop [g]n) A high front tense rounded vowel [ü]2.Answer the following questions.a)What voiced consonant has the same place of articulation as [t] and the same manner ofarticulation as [f]? [z]b)What voiceless consonant has the same active articulator as [b] and the same passivearticulator as [›]? [f]c)What voiced consonant has the same place of articulation as [m] and the same mannerof articulation as [l]? [b]d)What voiced consonant has the same active articulator as [n] and the same passivearticulator as [f]? [ð]e)Which tense vowel has the same height as [w] and the same advancement as [a]? [u]f)Which rounded vowel has the same height as [e]? [o]3.Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.a. T The term labio-dental refers to an obstruction caused by movement of the lower liptowards the upper teeth.b. T [ow] is the vowel in the word show.c. F [z, ›, v] The production of these sounds involves a vibration of the vocal cords.d. T [w, k, l] The production of these sounds involves a movement of the body of thetongue in the direction of the velum.e. F [o, u, a] In the production of these sounds the lips are rounded.f. F A retroflex sound is produced when the body of the tongue moves up and back inthe direction of the palato-alveolar region.g. F [e] is the vowel sound in the word money.h. F The term dental refers to an obstruction caused by movement of the lower liptowards the upper teeth.i. F Plosives are produced with complete closure in the vocal tract followed by a gradualrelease.Phonetics Exercises—Answers, p. 2 j. F The term backness refers to the movement of the blade of the tongue.k. T [š, ˇ, č] The production of these sounds involves the movement of the tongue blade in the direction of the palato-alveolar region.l. F [uw] is the vowel sound in the word country.m. T Approximants are produced by two articulators coming close together, but not close enough to cause friction.n. F [m, n, k] In the production of these sounds the velum is lowered.o. F The term tense refers to the level the tongue is raised from the bottom of the mouth 4.Do the following pairs of consonants have the same or different place of articulation?[s] : [l] same [k] : [ ] same [p] : [l] di©erent [l] : [r] same [m] : [n] di©erent [č] : [š] same [f] : [h] di©erent [b] : [f] di©erent[č] : [ ˇ] same[s] : [v] di©erent[ð] : [t] di©erent[s] : [θ] di©erent[k] : [l] same[w] : [y] di©erent[l] : [t] same[ð] : [v] di©erent[č] : [s] di©erent[m] : [ ] di©erent[h] : [§] same[f] : [š] di©erent[w] : [ ˇ] di©erent5.Do the following pairs of vowels have the same or different quality of tenseness?a)back – sat same [æ]b)shop – caught di©erent [a, ö:]c)bid – key di©erent [ , iy]d)luck – flick same [ʌ, ]e)fill – feal di©erent [ , iy]f)food – foot di©erent [uw, Ț]g)fell – fail di©erent [å, ey]h)hide – height same [ay]i)least – heed same [iy]j)drug – cook same [ʌ, Ț] k)sink – fit same [ ]l)oak – own same [ow]m)sun – bed same [ʌ, å]n)got – farm di©erent [a, a:]6.For each of the following, state whether it is a natural class in English. If it is, define it in termsof the minimal set of features needed to distinguish it from all other sets of phonemes.a./ m, n, , l, r, y, w / sonorant Cs h. / p, b, k, l, t, d / stopsb./ p, k, t / voiceless stops i./ w, e, æ / front Vsc./ w, y, k, l, / dorsal Cs j./ m, n, / nasalsd./ , ] / rounded Vs k/ s, z, š, zˇ, č, ˇ /. sibilantse./ t, d, ›, ð, s, z, š, zˇ / not a natural class l./ e, c, ā / mid Vsf./ f, ›, s, š, h / voiceless fricatives m./ p, b / bilabial stopsg./ p, b, v, f, m, w / labial CsPhonetics Exercises—Answers, p. 3 Part 2: Additional Practice1.Transcribe the following words. In each line, circle the word(s) that begin(s) with a consonantthat meets the description on the left.Alveolar meat[miyt]pat[pæt]sit[s t]boat[bowt]rate[reyt]Velar green[griyn]tool[tuwl]case[keys]hot[hat]knot[nat]Labiodental cat[kæt]this[ð s]chat[čæt]vat[væt]fat[fæt]Bilabial brick[br k]thick[θ k]lick[l k]sick[s k]pick[p k]Dental pay[pey]thank[θæòk]witch[w č]thought[θö:t]tough[tʌf]Palato-alveolar sigh[say]clay[kley]tie[tay]sure[šuwr]judge[ïʌï]Affricate church[čr…č]garage[gära:ž]noon[nuwn]jury[ïuwri]touch[tʌč]Lateral boat[bowt]late[leyt]pray[prey]never[nåv r…]love[lʌv]2.Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.a. F Raising the velum enables the air to flow through the nasal tract.b. T In the articulation of voiced sounds, the vocal cords are brought close together.c. T Different sounds are created by changing the properties of the vocal tract.d. F The tip/blade of the tongue is one of the passive articulators.e. T The velum is one of the passive articulators.f. F During normal breathing, the vocal cords are close together and vibrate.g. F Most speech sounds are made by allowing air to flow through the nose.h. T Both passive and active articulators are involved in the production of speech soundsi. F The tip/blade of the tongue, the body of the tongue and the upper lip are the activearticulators.j. F The glottis surrounds the vocal cords.Phonetics Exercises—Answers, p. 4 3.Transcribe the following words and circle the one(s) that contain(s) a vowel that fits thedescription on the left.Low small[smö:l]bat[bæt]great[greyt]car[ka:r]flea[fliy]Front river[r v r…]song[sö:ò]tell[tål]trap[træp]bright[brayt]Back loud[lawd]so[sow]left[låft]mud[mʌd]trip[tr p]High shore[šö:r]shop[šap]bank[bæòk]fall[fö:l]moose[muws]Rounded meet[miyt]coarse[kö:rs]such[sʌč]group[gruwp]cry[kray]4.Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.a. F Every vowel symbol represents one specific articulation.b. T A sound whose articulation involves movement from one vowel position to anotheris called a diphthong.c. F The terms ‘high’ ‘low’ and ‘central’ refer to the distance between the jaws.d. F Tense vowels are usually long in all languages.e. T A monophthong is described along five dimensions.f. T The concept of vowel height is relative.g. F All diphthongs are long, tense and central.h. T The right side of the vowel quadrilateral represents the back of the oral cavity.pare the sounds in the following groups. Describe in detail the movements of articulatorscommon to the sounds in each group and define the differences between them (i.e. in terms of the relevant phonetic features).a.[ w, e, æ ] The body of the tongue moves forward (these are all front vowels), and they differ inheight.b.[ iy, , uw ] The body of the tongue moves upward (these are all high vowels), and they differ inbackness.c.[ s, ›, f ] The air leaves the body gradually, creating friction (these are all fricatives), andthey differ in the place of articulation.d.[ y, w, r ] The tip/blade of the tongue moves in the direction of the passive articulator (palateor alveolar ridge), but does not create friction (these are glides), and they differ in the placeof articulatione.[ t, d, n, z ] The tip/blade of the tongue touches the alveolar ridge (these are all alveolars),and they differ in the manner of articulation.。
语音学与音韵学简介英文版
Phonetics and phonology - a brief introduction Raymond Hickey English Linguistics Campus Essen
Recommended literature on Phonetics
Ashby, Michael and John Maidment 2005. Introducing phonetic science. Cambridge: University Press. Catford, J. C. 2001. A practical introduction to phonetics. 2nd edition. Oxford: University Press. Clark, John, Colin Yallop and Janet Fletcher 2006. An introduction to phonetics and phonology. Third edition. Oxford: Blackwell. Cruttenden, Alan 2001. Gimson’s Pronunciation of English. 6th edition. London: Arnold. Crystal, David 2002. A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics. 5th edition. Oxford: Blackwell. Davenport, Mike and S. J. Hannahs 1998. Introducing phonetics and phonology. London: Arnold. Davis, John F. 2004. Phonetics and phonology. Stuttgart: Klett Verlag. Fry, Dennis B. 1979. The physics of speech. Cambridge: University Press. International Phonetic Assoc., 1999. Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. Cambridge: University Press. Laver, John and William J. Hardcastle (eds) 1995. Handbook of phonetic sciences. Oxford: Blackwell. Ladefoged, Peter 2000. A course in phonetics. 4rd edition. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Ladefoged, Peter 2000. Vowels and consonants. An introduction to the sounds of languages. Oxford: Basel Blackwell. Wells, John C. 2006. English intonation. An introduction. Cambridge: University Press.
译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit1 The mass media Part 4练习含答案
Part4Writing大众媒体的利弊写作题目假定你是李华,在今年的寒假期间,你的好友Tom迷上了网络新闻,请你帮他分析一下网络新闻的利弊,用英文给他写一封建议信。
内容包括:1.获取最新新闻,减少纸张的使用等;2.存在虚假信息,易误导大众;3.建议。
注意:1.词数80个左右;2.开头已给出,不计入总词数;3.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,I heard that you were addicted to the Internet news.Yours,Li Hua 思路点拨遣词造句Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空1.v.发布2.adj.批评的,批判性的;关键的3.adj.错误的,不真实的4.很多;许多答案 1.release 2.critical 3.false4.dozens ofⅡ.本单元语块、语法运用1.完成句子第一段:表明写信目的(1)I'm writing to tell you that the news(网络上发布的)has both advantages and disadvantages.第二段:介绍网络新闻的利弊并提出建议(2)With the help of the Internet,we can use our mobile phones or other devices to get(很多资料)in a short time.(3)(另外),by reading the Internet news,we can reduce the use of paper,and it is beneficial to the environment.(4)However,the Internet news is also flooded with(虚假信息)and it(误导人们)easily.(5)Therefore,you should be(有批判能力的新闻读者)and you won't be tricked.答案(1)released on the Internet(2)dozens of materials(3)In addition(4)false information;misleads people(5)a critical news reader2.句式升级(6)用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写句(3)(7)用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写句(4)(8)用so that改写句(5)答案(6)In addition,by reading the Internet news,we can reduce the use of paper,which is beneficial to the environment.(7)However,the Internet news is also flooded with false information,which misleads people easily.(8)Therefore,you should be a critical news reader so that you won't be tricked.连句成篇Dear Tom,I heard that you were addicted to the Internet news.I'm writing to tell you that the news released on the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages.With the help of the Internet,we can use our mobile phones or other devices to get dozens of materials in a short time.In addition,by reading the Internet news,we can reduce the use of paper,which is beneficial to the environment.However,the Internet news is also flooded with false information,which misleads people easily.Therefore,you should be a critical news reader so that you won't be tricked.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua 写作积累关于网络新闻媒体的话题词汇和句式话题词汇:(1)种类、手段及现状①media n.媒体,传媒②online adj.联网的adv.在网上③Internet n.互联网④website n.网站⑤update v.更新;给……提供最新消息⑥post v.发帖子⑦comment v.发表评论⑧popularity n.流行,普及⑨obtain vt.获得,赢得⑩get around(新闻或消息)传开arouse wide attention引起广泛关注(2)利弊、作用及未来①advantage n.有利条件,优势②disadvantage n.不利因素③outweigh vt.比……重要④positive adj.积极的⑤negative adj.消极的⑥have an effect/influence/impact on对……有影响句式:(1)开头①As we can see,the online news media enjoys great popularity among people,especially young people.正如我们看到的,网络新闻媒体在人们中非常受欢迎,特别是在年轻人中。