制造工程与技术(热加工)英文版joining processes and equipment(2)
Manufacturing Engineering and Technology(机械类英文文献+翻译)
Manufacturing Engineering and Technology—MachiningSerope kalpakjian;Steven R.Schmid机械工业出版社2004年3月第1版20.9 MACHINABILITYThe machinability of a material usually defined in terms of four factors:1、Surface finish and integrity of the machined part;2、Tool life obtained;3、Force and power requirements;4、Chip control.Thus, good machinability good surface finish and integrity, long tool life, and low force And power requirements. As for chip control, long and thin (stringy) cured chips, if not broken up, can severely interfere with the cutting operation by becoming entangled in the cutting zone.Because of the complex nature of cutting operations, it is difficult to establish relationships that quantitatively define the machinability of a material. In manufacturing plants, tool life and surface roughness are generally considered to be the most important factors in machinability. Although not used much any more, approximate machinability ratings are available in the example below.20.9.1 Machinability Of SteelsBecause steels are among the most important engineering materials (as noted in Chapter 5), their machinability has been studied extensively. The machinability of steels has been mainly improved by adding lead and sulfur to obtain so-called free-machining steels.Resulfurized and Rephosphorized steels. Sulfur in steels forms manganese sulfide inclusions (second-phase particles), which act as stress raisers in the primary shear zone. As a result, the chips produced break up easily and are small; this improves machinability. The size, shape, distribution, and concentration of these inclusions significantly influence machinability. Elements such as tellurium and selenium, which are both chemically similar to sulfur, act as inclusion modifiers inresulfurized steels.Phosphorus in steels has two major effects. It strengthens the ferrite, causing increased hardness. Harder steels result in better chip formation and surface finish. Note that soft steels can be difficult to machine, with built-up edge formation and poor surface finish. The second effect is that increased hardness causes the formation of short chips instead of continuous stringy ones, thereby improving machinability.Leaded Steels. A high percentage of lead in steels solidifies at the tip of manganese sulfide inclusions. In non-resulfurized grades of steel, lead takes the form of dispersed fine particles. Lead is insoluble in iron, copper, and alumin um and their alloys. Because of its low shear strength, therefore, lead acts as a solid lubricant (Section 32.11) and is smeared over the tool-chip interface du ring cutting. This behavior has been verified by the presence of high concentra tions of lead on the tool-side face of chips when machining leaded steels.When the temperature is sufficiently high-for instance, at high cutting spee ds and feeds (Section 20.6)—the lead melts directly in front of the tool, acting as a liquid lubricant. In addition to this effect, lead lowers the shear stress in the primary shear zone, reducing cutting forces and power consumption. Lead can be used in every grade of steel, such as 10xx, 11xx, 12xx, 41xx, etc. Le aded steels are identified by the letter L between the second and third numeral s (for example, 10L45). (Note that in stainless steels, similar use of the letter L means “low carbon,”a condition that improves their corrosion resistance.)However, because lead is a well-known toxin and a pollutant, there are se rious environmental concerns about its use in steels (estimated at 4500 tons of lead consumption every year in the production of steels). Consequently, there is a continuing trend toward eliminating the use of lead in steels (lead-free ste els). Bismuth and tin are now being investigated as possible substitutes for lea d in steels.Calcium-Deoxidized Steels. An important development is calcium-deoxidize d steels, in which oxide flakes of calcium silicates (CaSo) are formed. These f lakes, in turn, reduce the strength of the secondary shear zone, decreasing tool-chip interface and wear. Temperature is correspondingly reduced. Consequently, these steels produce less crater wear, especially at high cutting speeds.Stainless Steels. Austenitic (300 series) steels are generally difficult to mac hine. Chatter can be s problem, necessitating machine tools with high stiffness. However, ferritic stainless steels (also 300 series) have good machinability. M artensitic (400 series) steels are abrasive, tend to form a built-up edge, and req uire tool materials with high hot hardness and crater-wear resistance. Precipitati on-hardening stainless steels are strong and abrasive, requiring hard and abrasio n-resistant tool materials.The Effects of Other Elements in Steels on Machinability. The presence of aluminum and silicon in steels is always harmful because these elements com bine with oxygen to form aluminum oxide and silicates, which are hard and a brasive. These compounds increase tool wear and reduce machinability. It is es sential to produce and use clean steels.Carbon and manganese have various effects on the machinability of steels, depending on their composition. Plain low-carbon steels (less than 0.15% C) c an produce poor surface finish by forming a built-up edge. Cast steels are mor e abrasive, although their machinability is similar to that of wrought steels. To ol and die steels are very difficult to machine and usually require annealing pr ior to machining. Machinability of most steels is improved by cold working, w hich hardens the material and reduces the tendency for built-up edge formation.Other alloying elements, such as nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and vana dium, which improve the properties of steels, generally reduce machinability. T he effect of boron is negligible. Gaseous elements such as hydrogen and nitrog en can have particularly detrimental effects on the properties of steel. Oxygen has been shown to have a strong effect on the aspect ratio of the manganese sulfide inclusions; the higher the oxygen content, the lower the aspect ratio an d the higher the machinability.In selecting various elements to improve machinability, we should consider the possible detrimental effects of these elements on the properties and strengt h of the machined part in service. At elevated temperatures, for example, lead causes embrittlement of steels (liquid-metal embrittlement, hot shortness; see Se ction 1.4.3), although at room temperature it has no effect on mechanical prop erties.Sulfur can severely reduce the hot workability of steels, because of the fo rmation of iron sulfide, unless sufficient manganese is present to prevent such formation. At room temperature, the mechanical properties of resulfurized steels depend on the orientation of the deformed manganese sulfide inclusions (aniso tropy). Rephosphorized steels are significantly less ductile, and are produced so lely to improve machinability.20.9.2 Machinability of Various Other MetalsAluminum is generally very easy to machine, although the softer grades te nd to form a built-up edge, resulting in poor surface finish. High cutting speed s, high rake angles, and high relief angles are recommended. Wrought aluminu m alloys with high silicon content and cast aluminum alloys may be abrasive; they require harder tool materials. Dimensional tolerance control may be a pro blem in machining aluminum, since it has a high thermal coefficient of expans ion and a relatively low elastic modulus.Beryllium is similar to cast irons. Because it is more abrasive and toxic, t hough, it requires machining in a controlled environment.Cast gray irons are generally machinable but are. Free carbides in castings reduce their machinability and cause tool chipping or fracture, necessitating to ols with high toughness. Nodular and malleable irons are machinable with hard tool materials.Cobalt-based alloys are abrasive and highly work-hardening. They require sharp, abrasion-resistant tool materials and low feeds and speeds.Wrought copper can be difficult to machine because of built-up edge form ation, although cast copper alloys are easy to machine. Brasses are easy to ma chine, especially with the addition pf lead (leaded free-machining brass). Bronz es are more difficult to machine than brass.Magnesium is very easy to machine, with good surface finish and prolong ed tool life. However care should be exercised because of its high rate of oxi dation and the danger of fire (the element is pyrophoric).Molybdenum is ductile and work-hardening, so it can produce poor surfac e finish. Sharp tools are necessary.Nickel-based alloys are work-hardening, abrasive, and strong at high tempe ratures. Their machinability is similar to that of stainless steels.Tantalum is very work-hardening, ductile, and soft. It produces a poor surf ace finish; tool wear is high.Titanium and its alloys have poor thermal conductivity (indeed, the lowest of all metals), causing significant temperature rise and built-up edge; they can be difficult to machine.Tungsten is brittle, strong, and very abrasive, so its machinability is low, although it greatly improves at elevated temperatures.Zirconium has good machinability. It requires a coolant-type cutting fluid, however, because of the explosion and fire.20.9.3 Machinability of Various MaterialsGraphite is abrasive; it requires hard, abrasion-resistant, sharp tools.Thermoplastics generally have low thermal conductivity, low elastic modul us, and low softening temperature. Consequently, machining them requires tools with positive rake angles (to reduce cutting forces), large relief angles, small depths of cut and feed, relatively high speeds, and proper support of the work piece. Tools should be sharp.External cooling of the cutting zone may be necessary to keep the chips f rom becoming “gummy”and sticking to the tools. Cooling can usually be achi eved with a jet of air, vapor mist, or water-soluble oils. Residual stresses may develop during machining. To relieve these stresses, machined parts can be an nealed for a period of time at temperatures ranging from to ( to ), and then cooled slowly and uniformly to room temperature.Thermosetting plastics are brittle and sensitive to thermal gradients during cutting. Their machinability is generally similar to that of thermoplastics.Because of the fibers present, reinforced plastics are very abrasive and are difficult to machine. Fiber tearing, pulling, and edge delamination are significa nt problems; they can lead to severe reduction in the load-carrying capacity of the component. Furthermore, machining of these materials requires careful rem oval of machining debris to avoid contact with and inhaling of the fibers.The machinability of ceramics has improved steadily with the development of nanoceramics (Section 8.2.5) and with the selection of appropriate processi ng parameters, such as ductile-regime cutting (Section 22.4.2).Metal-matrix and ceramic-matrix composites can be difficult to machine, d epending on the properties of the individual components, i.e., reinforcing or wh iskers, as well as the matrix material.20.9.4 Thermally Assisted MachiningMetals and alloys that are difficult to machine at room temperature can be machined more easily at elevated temperatures. In thermally assisted machinin g (hot machining), the source of heat—a torch, induction coil, high-energy bea m (such as laser or electron beam), or plasma arc—is forces, (b) increased too l life, (c) use of inexpensive cutting-tool materials, (d) higher material-removal rates, and (e) reduced tendency for vibration and chatter.It may be difficult to heat and maintain a uniform temperature distribution within the workpiece. Also, the original microstructure of the workpiece may be adversely affected by elevated temperatures. Most applications of hot machi ning are in the turning of high-strength metals and alloys, although experiment s are in progress to machine ceramics such as silicon nitride.SUMMARYMachinability is usually defined in terms of surface finish, tool life, force and power requirements, and chip control. Machinability of materials depends n ot only on their intrinsic properties and microstructure, but also on proper sele ction and control of process variables.20.9 可机加工性一种材料的可机加工性通常以四种因素的方式定义:1、分的表面光洁性和表面完整性。
制造工程与技术(热加工)英文版14 Forging of Metals
Chapter 14 Forging of Metals(金属的锻造/锻压)•14.1 Introduction•14.2 Open-Die Forging•14.3 Impression-Die and Closed-Die Forging•14.4 Related Forging Operations•14.5 Rotary Swaging•14.6 Forging-Die Design•14.7 Die Materials and Lubrication•14.8 Forgeability•14.9 Forging Machines•14.10 Forging Practice and Process Capabilities •14.11 Die Manufacturing Methods; Die Failures •14.12 The Economics of Forging14.1 Introduction•Forging(锻造/锻压)–A workpiece is shaped (formed) by compressive forces applied through various dies(模具)and tools(工具).•one of the oldest metal working processes –4000bc •trationally be performed with a hammer(锤)and anvil(砧/平砧)•mostly require a set of dies and such equipment as a press(压力机)or a forging hammer(锤锻机).•Typical forged products:–bolts (螺栓)–rivets (铆钉)–connecting rods (连杆)–gears (齿轮)–shaft (轴)–hand tool (手工具)–structural components (结构组件)discrete partsForging (锻件)(a)Source : Forging Industry Association.预锻件终锻件近净形/近成品形状净形/最终形状锻造齿净形挤出花键净形bevel gear (伞齿轮)ForgingFigure 14.1 (b) Landing-gear(起落架/着陆装置)components for the C5A and C5B transport aircraft, made by forging. Source: Wyman-Gordon Company.typical forged partsFigure 14.1 (c) general view of a 445 MN (50,000 ton) hydraulic press. Source: Wyman-Gordon Company.Hydraulic Press (液压机)Forging Process (锻压/锻造工艺)Forging Process-2锻造在制坯中的应用•一般机器或机械上的金属零件的传统生产过程是:冶炼——制坯——切削加工——热处理。
015Penetrant Examination热加工专业英语
Text
Module 4 Penetrant Inspection
This method may be applied to many materials, such as ferrous and nonferrous metals, glass, and plastics. Although there are several types of penetrants and developers, they all employ common fundamental principles, as shown in Figure 4-7.
这种方法可以用于检测许多材料如钢铁材料、非铁金属、
玻璃以及塑料。虽然渗透剂和显影剂的种类很多,但它们都应
用如图 4-7 所示的基本原理进行检测。
Text
Module 4 Penetrant Inspection
One of the most important aspects of penetrant inspection is the preparation of the part before the penetrant is applied. The surface must be cleaned with a solvent to remove any dirt or film. Discontinuities must be free from dirt, rust, grease, or paint, to enable the penetrant to enter the surface opening.
Penetrant Examination
Phrases
materials and manufacturing processes的格式模板 -回复
materials and manufacturing processes的格式模板-回复Materials and Manufacturing Processes: A Comprehensive OverviewIntroduction:Materials and manufacturing processes play a vital role in the production of various products and goods. They define the characteristics, durability, and performance of the final product. Understanding the relationship between materials and manufacturing processes is crucial for engineers and manufacturers. In this article, we will explore the key components of materials and manufacturing processes, step by step.I. Materials:1. Definition and importance:Materials are substances used to create or modify the physical properties of products. They can be naturally occurring substances or artificially synthesized. The choice of materials directly affects the functionality, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of the finalproduct.2. Types of materials:a. Metals: Examples include iron, aluminum, and steel. Metals possess high strength and can withstand high temperatures, making them suitable for applications in automotive, aerospace, and construction industries.b. Polymers: Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating subunits. Common examples include plastics and rubber. Polymers offer excellent chemical resistance, flexibility, and electrical insulation properties.c. Ceramics: Ceramics are typically brittle, inorganic materials that offer excellent heat and chemical resistance. They find application in the manufacturing of pottery, electronic components, and construction materials.d. Composites: Composites are combinations of two or more different materials. By combining the desirable properties of various materials, composites offer enhanced performance. Examples include carbon fiber composites and fiber-reinforced plastics.3. Selection criteria:When selecting materials for a specific application, engineers consider factors such as mechanical properties, chemical resistance, thermal stability, electrical conductivity, and cost-effectiveness. The chosen material should fulfill the required specifications and meet the desired performance standards.II. Manufacturing Processes:1. Definition and significance:Manufacturing processes refer to the techniques used to transform raw materials into finished products. These processes involve a series of steps, starting from material extraction to final assembly. Understanding manufacturing processes allows manufacturers to optimize efficiency, reduce costs, and improve quality.2. Types of manufacturing processes:a. Casting: Casting involves pouring molten material into a mold to create a desired shape. It is a widely used process for producing complex metal parts.b. Machining: Machining processes involve the removal of material from a workpiece using tools such as lathes, millingmachines, and drills. This process is suitable for achieving precise dimensions and surface finishes.c. Forming: Forming processes include techniques like rolling, bending, and forging, which deform the material to create the desired shape. Forming is commonly used in the production of metal sheets, tubes, and structural components.d. Joining: Joining processes involve connecting two or more components to create a single entity. Techniques such as welding, soldering, and adhesive bonding are used to join materials together.e. Additive manufacturing: Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, builds objects layer by layer using a digital model. This process offers design flexibility, reduced waste, and faster prototyping.3. Selection criteria:The selection of a manufacturing process depends on factors such as product complexity, required precision, production volume, and cost. Manufacturers need to evaluate each process based on its suitability for the specific application.Conclusion:Materials and manufacturing processes are integral to the production of various products. The choice of materials and the selection of appropriate manufacturing processes significantly impact the quality, performance, and cost-effectiveness of the final product. By understanding the characteristics and capabilities of different materials and manufacturing processes, engineers and manufacturers can optimize their designs and ensure the successful realization of their products in the market.。
Manufacturing Process生产过程管理程序(中英文)
1.0 Purpose 目的To make sure that production processes of all products are in effective control so that a stable quality could be guaranteed, and customer requirements could be met.目的为确保公司所有产品的生产过程能够在有效的管理状态下进行,保证质量稳定,满足客户要求。
2.0 Scope 范围Production of all Components made in our plant.本公司所有产品的生产过程。
3.0 Definitions 定义Production delivery date: it refers to the delivery date marked in by Logistics. All the planned processes must be satisfactorily completed before the date, including the final products inspection and packaging.生产交货期:是指物流部确认的交货期,在此之前必须完成所有的生产过程,包括最终检验及包装。
4.0 Procedure and Flow chart 程序及流程图4.1 Responsibility and authority 职责与权限4.1.1 AQP dept, is responsible for making the work instructions.项目部负责作业指导书制定。
4.1.2 Process engineer and quality engineer are responsible for making the inspection instructionof production working procedure, and also responsible for planning reference points ofdifferent working procedure.工艺工程师与质量工程师负责制订生产过程工序检验指导书和过程检验标准,并负责策划各工序控制点以及生产工艺流程。
各种专业课程英文名称翻译
课程的英文词汇(一)生物物理学Biophysics真空冷冻干燥技术Vacuum Freezing & Drying Technology16位微机16 Digit MicrocomputerALGOL语言ALGOL LanguageBASIC 语言BASIC LanguageBASIC 语言及应用BASIC Language & ApplicationC 语言C LanguageCAD 概论Introduction to CADCAD/CAM CAD/CAMCOBOL语言COBOL LanguageCOBOL语言程序设计COBOL Language Program DesigningC与UNIX环境C Language & Unix EnvironmentC语言与生物医学信息处理C Language & Biomedical Information Processing dBASE Ⅲ课程设计C ourse Exercise in dBASE ⅢFORTRAN语言FORTRAN LanguageIBM-PC/XT Fundamentals of Microcomputer IBM-PC/XTIBM-PC微机原理Fundamentals of Microcomputer IBM-PCLSI设计基础Basic of LSI DesigningPASCAL大型作业PASCAL Wide Range WorkingPASCAL课程设计Course Exercise in PASCALX射线与电镜X-ray & Electric MicroscopeZ-80汇编语言程序设计Z-80 Pragramming in Assembly Languages板壳理论Plate Theory板壳力学Plate Mechanics半波实验Semiwave Experiment半导体变流技术Semiconductor Converting Technology半导体材料Semiconductor Materials半导体测量Measurement of Semiconductors半导体瓷敏元件Semiconductor Porcelain-Sensitive Elements半导体光电子学Semiconductor Optic Electronics半导体化学Semiconductor Chemistry半导体激光器Semiconductor Laser Unit半导体集成电路Semiconductor Integrated Circuitry半导体理论Semiconductive Theory半导体器件Semiconductor Devices半导体器件工艺原理Technological Fundamentals of Semiconductor Device 半导体物理Semiconductor Physics半导体专业Semiconduction Specialty半导体专业实验Specialty Experiment of Semiconductor薄膜光学Film Optics报告文学专题Special Subject On Reportage报刊编辑学Newspaper & Magazine Editing报纸编辑学Newspaper Editing泵与风机Pumps and Fans泵与水机Pumps & Water Turbines毕业设计Graduation Thesis编译方法Methods of Compiling编译技术Technique of Compiling编译原理Fundamentals of Compiling变电站的微机检测与控制Computer Testing & Control in Transformer Substatio n变分法与张量Calculus of Variations & Tensor变分学Calculus of Variations变质量系统热力学与新型回转压Variable Quality System Thermal Mechanics & N eo-Ro表面活性物质Surface Reactive Materials并行算法Parallel Algorithmic波谱学Wave Spectrum材料的力学性能测试Measurement of Material Mechanical Performance材料力学Mechanics of Materials财务成本管理Financial Cost Management财政学Public Finance财政与金融Finance & Banking财政与信贷Finance & Credit操作系统Disk Operating System操作系统课程设计Course Design in Disk Operating System操作系统原理Fundamentals of Disk Operating System策波测量技术Technique of Whip Wave Measurement测量原理与仪器设计Measurement Fundamentals & Meter Design测试技术Testing Technology测试与信号变换处理Testing & Signal Transformation Processing产业经济学Industrial Economy产业组织学Industrial Organization Technoooligy场论Field Theory常微分方程Ordinary Differentical Equations超导磁体及应用Superconductive Magnet & Application超导及应用Superconductive & Application超精微细加工Super-Precision & Minuteness Processing城市规划原理Fundamentals of City Planning城市社会学Urban Sociology成组技术Grouping Technique齿轮啮合原理Principles of Gear Connection冲击测量及误差Punching Measurement & Error冲压工艺Sheet Metal forming Technology抽象代数Abstract Algebra传动概论Introduction to Transmission传感器与检测技术Sensors & Testing Technology传感器原理Fundamentals of Sensors传感器原理及应用Fundamentals of Sensors & Application传热学Heat Transfer传坳概论Introduction to Pass Col船舶操纵Ship Controling船舶电力系统Ship Electrical Power System船舶电力系统课程设计Course Exercise in Ship Electrical Power System船舶电气传动自动化Ship Electrified Transmission Automation船舶电站Ship Power Station船舶动力装置Ship Power Equipment船舶概论Introduction to Ships船舶焊接与材料Welding & Materials on Ship船舶机械控制技术Mechanic Control Technology for Ships船舶机械拖动Ship Mechamic Towage船舶建筑美学Artistic Designing of Ships船舶结构力学Structual Mechamics for Ships船舶结构与制图Ship Structure & Graphing船舶静力学Ship Statics船舶强度与结构设计Designing Ship Intensity & Structure船舶设计原理Principles of Ship Designing船舶推进Ship Propeling船舶摇摆Ship Swaying船舶阻力Ship Resistance船体建造工艺Ship-Building Technology船体结构Ship Structure船体结构图Ship Structure Graphing船体振动学Ship Vibration创造心理学Creativity Psychology磁测量技术Magnetic Measurement Technology磁传感器Magnetic Sensor磁存储设备设计原理Fundamental Design of Magnetic Memory Equipment 磁记录技术Magnetographic Technology磁记录物理Magnetographic Physics磁路设计与场计算Magnetic Path Designing & Magnetic Field Calculati磁盘控制器Magnetic Disk Controler磁性材料Magnetic Materials磁性测量Magnetic Measurement磁性物理Magnetophysics磁原理及应用Principles of Catalyzation & Application大电流测量Super-Current Measurement大电源测量Super-Power Measurement大机组协调控制Coordination & Control of Generator Networks大跨度房屋结构Large-Span House structure大型锅炉概况Introduction to Large-Volume Boilers大型火电机组控制Control of Large Thermal Power Generator Networks大学德语College German大学俄语College Russian大学法语College French大学日语College Japanese大学英语College English大学语文College Chinese大众传播学Mass Media代用运放电路Simulated Transmittal Circuit单片机原理Fundamentals of Mono-Chip Computers单片机原理及应用Fundamentals of Mono-Chip Computers & Applications 弹性力学Theory of Elastic Mechanics当代国际关系Contemporary International Relationship当代国外社会思维评价Evaluation of Contemporary Foreign Social Thought 当代文学Contemporary Literature当代文学专题Topics on Contemporary Literature当代西方哲学Contemporary Western Philosophy当代戏剧与电影Contemporary Drama & Films党史History of the Party导波光学Wave Guiding Optics等离子体工程Plasma Engineering低频电子线路Low Frequency Electric Circuit低温传热学Cryo Conduction低温固体物理Cryo Solid Physics低温技术原理与装置Fundamentals of Cryo Technology & Equipment低温技术中的微机原理Priciples of Microcomputer in Cryo Technology低温绝热Cryo Heat Insulation低温气体制冷机Cryo Gas Refrigerator低温热管Cryo Heat Tube低温设备Cryo Equipment低温生物冻干技术Biological Cryo Freezing Drying Technology低温实验技术Cryo Experimentation Technology低温物理导论Cryo Physic Concepts低温物理概论Cryo Physic Concepts低温物理概念Cryo Physic Concepts低温仪表及测试Cryo Meters & Measurement低温原理Cryo Fundamentals低温中的微机应用Application of Microcomputer in Cryo Technology低温装置Cryo Equipment低噪声电子电路Low-Noise Electric Circuit低噪声电子设计Low-Noise Electronic Designing低噪声放大与弱检Low-Noise Increasing & Decreasing低噪声与弱信号检测Detection of Low Noise & Weak Signals地理Geography第二次世界大战史History of World War II电测量技术Electric Measurement Technology电厂计算机控制系统Computer Control System in Power Plants电磁测量实验技术Electromagnetic Measurement Experiment & Technology电磁场计算机Electromagnetic Field Computers电磁场理论Theory of Electromagnetic Fields电磁场数值计算Numerical Calculation of Electromagnetic Fields电磁场与电磁波Electromagnetic Fields & Magnetic Waves电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Fields & Micro-Wave Technology电磁场中的数值方法Numerical Methods in Electromagnetic Fields电磁场中的数值计算Numerical Calculation in Electromagnetic Fields电磁学Electromagnetics电动力学Electrodynamics电镀Plating电分析化学Electro-Analytical Chemistry电工测试技术基础Testing Technology of Electrical Engineering电工产品学Electrotechnical Products电工电子技术基础Electrical Technology & Electrical Engineering电工电子学Electronics in Electrical Engineering电工基础Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering电工基础理论Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering电工基础实验Basic Experiment in Electrical Engineering电工技术Electrotechnics电工技术基础Fundamentals of Electrotechnics电工实习Electrical Engineering Practice电工实验技术基础Experiment Technology of Electrical Engineering电工学Electrical Engineering电工与电机控制Electrical Engineering & Motor Control电弧电接触Electrical Arc Contact电弧焊及电渣焊Electric Arc Welding & Electroslag Welding电化学测试技术Electrochemical Measurement Technology电化学工程Electrochemical Engineering电化学工艺学Electrochemical Technology电机测试技术Motor Measuring Technology电机电磁场的分析与计算Analysis & Calculation of Electrical Motor & Electromagnetic Fields电机电器与供电Motor Elements and Power Supply电机课程设计Course Exercise in Electric Engine电机绕组理论Theory of Motor Winding电机绕组理论及应用Theory & Application of Motor Winding电机设计Design of Electrical Motor电机瞬变过程Electrical Motor Change Processes电机学Electrical Motor电机学及控制电机Electrical Machinery Control & Technology电机与拖动Electrical Machinery & Towage电机原理Principle of Electric Engine电机原理与拖动Principles of Electrical Machinery & Towage电机专题Lectures on Electric Engine电接触与电弧Electrical Contact & Electrical Arc电介质物理Dielectric Physics电镜Electronic Speculum电力电子电路Power Electronic Circuit电力电子电器Power Electronic Equipment电力电子器件Power Electronic Devices电力电子学Power Electronics电力工程Electrical Power Engineering电力生产技术Technology of Electrical Power Generation电力生产优化管理Optimal Management of Electrical Power Generation电力拖动基础Fundamentals for Electrical Towage电力拖动控制系统Electrical Towage Control Systems电力系统Power Systems电力系统电源最优化规划Optimal Planning of Power Source in a Power System 电力系统短路Power System Shortcuts电力系统分析Power System Analysis电力系统规划Power System Planning电力系统过电压Hyper-Voltage of Power Systems电力系统继电保护原理Power System Relay Protection电力系统经济分析Economical Analysis of Power Systems电力系统经济运行Economical Operation of Power Systems电力系统可靠性Power System Reliability电力系统可靠性分析Power System Reliability Analysis电力系统无功补偿及应用Non-Work Compensation in Power Systems & Applicati 电力系统谐波Harmonious Waves in Power Systems电力系统优化技术Optimal Technology of Power Systems电力系统优化设计Optimal Designing of Power Systems电力系统远动Operation of Electric Systems电力系统远动技术Operation Technique of Electric Systems电力系统运行Operation of Electric Systems电力系统自动化Automation of Electric Systems电力系统自动装置Power System Automation Equipment电路测试技术Circuit Measurement Technology电路测试技术基础Fundamentals of Circuit Measurement Technology电路测试技术及实验Circuit Measurement Technology & Experiments电路分析基础Basis of Circuit Analysis电路分析基础实验Basic Experiment on Circuit Analysis电路分析实验Experiment on Circuit Analysis电路和电子技术Circuit and Electronic Technique电路理论Theory of Circuit电路理论基础Fundamental Theory of Circuit电路理论实验Experiments in Theory of Circuct电路设计与测试技术Circuit Designing & Measurement Technology电器学Electrical Appliances电器与控制Electrical Appliances & Control电气控制技术Electrical Control Technology电视接收技术Television Reception Technology电视节目Television Porgrams电视节目制作Television Porgram Designing电视新技术New Television Technology电视原理Principles of Television电网调度自动化Automation of Electric Network Management电影艺术Art of Film Making电站微机检测控制Computerized Measurement & Control of Power Statio电子材料与元件测试技术Measuring Technology of Electronic Material and Element电子材料元件Electronic Material and Element电子材料元件测量Electronic Material and Element Measurement电子测量与实验技术Technology of Electronic Measurement & Experiment电子测试Electronic Testing电子测试技术Electronic Testing Technology电子测试技术与实验Electronic Testing Technology & Experiment电子机械运动控制技术Technology of Electronic Mechanic Movement Control电子技术Technology of Electronics电子技术腐蚀测试中的应用Application of Electronic Technology in Erosion Measurement电子技术基础Basic Electronic Technology电子技术基础与实验Basic Electronic Technology & Experiment电子技术课程设计Course Exercise in Electronic Technology电子技术实验Experiment in Electronic Technology电子理论实验Experiment in Electronic Theory电子显微分析Electronic Micro-Analysis电子显微镜Electronic Microscope电子线路Electronic Circuit电子线路设计与测试技术Electronic Circuit Design & Measurement Technology电子线路实验Experiment in Electronic Circuit电子照相技术Electronic Photographing TechnologyPurPoison2006-03-15 14:56课程的英文词汇(二)雕塑艺术欣赏Appreciation of Sculptural Art调节装置Regulation Equipment动态规划Dynamic Programming动态无损检测Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement动态信号分析与仪器Dynamic Signal Analysis & Apparatus锻压工艺Forging Technology锻压机械液压传动Hydraulic Transmission in Forging Machinery锻压加热设备Forging Heating Equipment锻压设备专题Lectures on Forging Press Equipments锻压系统动力学Dynamics of Forging System锻造工艺Forging Technology断裂力学Fracture Mechanics对外贸易概论Introduction to International Trade多层网络方法Multi-Layer Network Technology多目标优化方法Multipurpose Optimal Method多项距阵Multi-Nominal Matrix多元统计分析Multi-Variate Statistical Analysis发电厂Power Plant发电厂电气部分Electric Elements of Power Plants法律基础Fundamentals of Law法学概论An Introduction to Science of Law法学基础Fundamentals of Science of Law翻译Translation翻译理论与技巧Theory & Skills of Translation泛函分析Functional Analysis房屋建筑学Architectural Design & Construction非电量测量Non-Electricity Measurement非金属材料Non-Metal Materials非线性采样系统Non-Linear Sampling System非线性光学Non-Linear Optics非线性规划Non-Linear Programming非线性振荡Non-Linear Ocsillation非线性振动Non-Linear Vibration沸腾燃烧Boiling Combustion分析化学Analytical Chemistry分析化学实验Analytical Chemistry Experiment分析力学Analytical Mechanics风机调节Fan Regulation风机调节.使用.运转Regulation,Application & Operation of Fans风机三元流动理论与设计Tri-Variate Movement Theory & Design of Fans风能利用Wind Power Utilization腐蚀电化学实验Experiment in Erosive Electrochemistry复变函数Complex Variables Functions复变函数与积分变换Functions of Complex Variables & Integral Transformation复合材料力学Compound Material Mechanics傅里叶光学Fourier Optics概率论Probability Theory概率论与数理统计Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics概率论与随机过程Probability Theory & Stochastic Process钢笔画Pen Drawing钢的热处理Heat-Treatment of Steel钢结构Steel Structure钢筋混凝土Reinforced Concrete钢筋混凝土及砖石结构Reinforced Concrete & Brick Structure钢砼结构Reinforced Concrete Structure高层建筑基础设计Designing bases of High Rising Buildings高层建筑结构设计Designing Structures of High Rising Buildings高等材料力学Advanced Material Mechanics高等代数Advanced Algebra高等教育管理Higher Education Management高等教育史History of Higher Education高等教育学Higher Education高等数学Advanced Mathematics高电压技术High-Voltage Technology高电压测试技术High-Voltage Test Technology高分子材料High Polymer Material高分子材料及加工High Polymer Material & Porcessing高分子化学High Polymer Chemistry高分子化学实验High Polymer Chemistry Experiment高分子物理High Polymer Physics高分子物理实验High Polymer Physics Experiment高级英语听说Advanced English Listening & Speaking高能密束焊High Energy-Dense Beam Welding高频电路High-Frenquency Circuit高频电子技术High-Frenquency Electronic Technology高频电子线路High-Frenquency Electronic Circuit高压测量技术High-Voltage Measurement Technology高压测试技术High-Voltage Testing Technology高压电场的数值计算Numerical Calculation in High-Voltage Electronic Field 高压电器High-Voltage Electrical Appliances高压绝缘High-Voltage Insulation高压实验High-Voltage Experimentation高压试验技术High-Voltage Experimentation Technology工程材料的力学性能测试Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials工程材料及热处理Engineering Material and Heat Treatment工程材料学Engineering Materials工程测量Engineering Surveying工程测试技术Engineering Testing Technique工程测试实验Experiment on Engineering Testing工程测试信息Information of Engineering Testing工程动力学Engineering Dynamics工程概论Introduction to Engineering工程概预算Project Budget工程经济学Engineering Economics工程静力学Engineering Statics工程力学Engineering Mechanics工程热力学Engineering Thermodynamics工程项目评估Engineering Project Evaluation工程优化方法Engineering Optimizational Method工程运动学Engineering Kinematics工程造价管理Engineering Cost Management工程制图Graphing of Engineering工业分析Industrial Analysis工业锅炉Industrial Boiler工业会计学Industrial Accounting工业机器人Industrial Robot工业技术基础Basic Industrial Technology工业建筑设计原理Principles of Industrial Building Design工业经济理论Industrial Economic Theory工业经济学Industrial Economics工业企业财务管理Industrial Enterprise Financial Management工业企业财务会计Accounting in Industrial Enterprises工业企业管理Industrial Enterprise Management工业企业经营管理Industrial Enterprise Adminstrative Management 工业社会学Industrial Sociology工业心理学Industrial Psychology工业窑炉Industrial Stoves工艺过程自动化Technics Process Automation公差Common Difference公差技术测量Technical Measurement with Common Difference公差与配合Common Difference & Cooperation公共关系学Public Relations公文写作Document Writing古代汉语Ancient Chinese古典文学作品选读Selected Readings in Classical Literature固体激光Solid State Laser固体激光器件Solid Laser Elements固体激光与电源Solid State Laser & Power Unit固体物理Solid State Physics管理概论Introduction to Management管理经济学Management Economics管理数学Management Mathematics管理系统模拟Management System Simulation管理心理学Management Psychology管理信息系统Management Information Systems光波导理论Light Wave Guide Theory光电技术Photoelectric Technology光电信号处理Photoelectric Signal Processing光电信号与系统分析Photoelectric Signal & Systematic Analysis光辐射探测技术Ray Radiation Detection Technology光谱Spectrum光谱分析Spectral Analysis光谱学Spectroscopy光纤传感Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器基础Fundamentals of Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器及应用Fibre Optical Sensors & Applications光纤光学课程设计Course Design of Fibre Optical光纤技术实验Experiments in Fibre Optical Technology光纤通信基础Basis of Fibre Optical Communication光学Optics光学测量Optical Measurement光学分析法Optical Analysis Method光学计量仪器设计Optical Instrument Gauge Designing光学检测Optical Detection光学设计Optical Design光学信息导论Introduction of Optical Infomation光学仪器设计Optical Instrument Designing光学仪器与计量仪器设计Optical Instrument & Gauge Instrument Designing 光学仪器装配与校正Optical Instrument Installation & Adjustment广播编辑学Broadcast Editing广播新闻Broadcast Journalism广播新闻采写Broadcast Journalism Collection & Composition广告学Advertisement锅炉燃烧理论Theory of Boiler Combustion锅炉热交换传热强化Boiler Heat Exchange,Condction & Intensification锅炉原理Principles of Boiler国际金融International Finance国际经济法International Economic Law国际贸易International Trade国际贸易地理International Trade Geography国际贸易实务International Trade Affairs国际市场学International Marketing国际市场营销International Marketing国民经济计划National Economical Planning国外社会学理论Overseas Theories of Sociology过程(控制)调节装置Process(Control) Adjustment Device过程调节系统Process Adjustment System过程控制Process Control过程控制系统Process Control System海洋测量Ocean Surveying海洋工程概论Introduction to Ocean Engineering函数分析Functional Analysis焊接方法Welding Method焊接方法及设备Welding Method & Equipment焊接检验Welding Testing焊接结构Welding Structure焊接金相Welding Fractography焊接金相分析Welding Fractography Analysis焊接冶金Welding Metallurgy焊接原理Fundamentals of Welding焊接原理及工艺Fundamentals of Welding & Technology焊接自动化Automation of Welding汉语Chinese汉语与写作Chinese & Composition汉语语法研究Research on Chinese Grammar汉字信息处理技术Technology of Chinese Information Processing毫微秒脉冲技术Millimicrosecond Pusle Technique核动力技术Nuclear Power Technology合唱与指挥Chorus & Conduction合金钢Alloy Steel宏观经济学Macro-Economics宏微观经济学Macro Micro Economics红外CCD Infrared CCD红外电荷耦合器Infrared Electric Charge Coupler红外探测器Infrared Detectors红外物理Infrared Physics红外物理与技术Infrared Physics & Technology红外系统Infrared System红外系统电信号处理Processing Electric Signals from Infrared Systems厚薄膜集成电路Thick & Thin Film Integrated Circuit弧焊电源Arc Welding Power弧焊原理Arc Welding Principles互换性技术测量基础Basic Technology of Exchangeability Measurement互换性技术测量Technology of Exchangeability Measurement互换性与技术测量Elementary Technology of Exchangeability Measurement互换性与技术测量实验Experiment of Exchangeability Measurement Technology 画法几何及机械制图Descriptive Geometry & Mechanical Graphing画法几何与阴影透视Descriptive Geometry,Shadow and Perspective化工基础Elementary Chemical Industry化工仪表与自动化Chemical Meters & Automation化工原理Principles of Chemical Industry化学Chemistry化学反应工程Chemical Reaction Engineering化学分离Chemical Decomposition化学工程基础Elementary Chemical Engineering化学计量学Chemical Measurement化学文献Chemical Literature化学文献及查阅方法Chemical Literature & Consulting Method化学粘结剂Chemical Felter环境保护理论基础Basic Theory of Environmental Protection环境化学Environomental Chemistry环境行为概论Introduction to Environmental Behavior换热器Thermal Transducer回旧分析与试验设计Tempering Analysis and Experiment Design回转式压缩机Rotary Compressor回转压缩机数学模型Mathematical Modeling of Rotary Compressors会计学Accountancy会计与财务分析Accountancy & Financial Analysis会计与设备分析Accountancy & Equipment Analysis会计原理及外贸会计Principles of Accountancy & Foreign Trade Accountancy 会计原理与工业会计Principles of Accountancy & Industrial Accountancy活力学Energy Theory活塞膨胀机Piston Expander活塞式制冷压缩机Piston Refrigerant Compreessor活塞式压缩机Piston Compressor活塞式压缩机基础设计Basic Design of Piston Compressor活塞压缩机结构强度Structural Intensity of Piston Compressor活赛压机气流脉动Gas Pulsation of Piston Pressor货币银行学Currency Banking基本电路理论Basis Theory of Circuit基础写作Fundamental Course of Composition机床电路Machine Tool Circuit机床电器Machine Tool Electric Appliance机床电气控制Electrical Control of Machinery Tools机床动力学Machine Tool Dynamics机床设计Machine Tool design机床数字控制Digital Control of Machine Tool机床液压传动Machinery Tool Hydraulic Transmission机电传动Mechanical & Electrical Transmission机电传动控制Mechanical & electrical Transmission Control机电耦合系统Mechanical & Electrical Combination System机电系统计算机仿真Computer Simulation of Mechanic/Electrical Systems机电一体化Mechanical & Electrical Integration机构学Structuring机器人Robot机器人控制技术Robot Control Technology机械产品学Mechanic Products机械产品造型设计Shape Design of Mechanical Products机械工程控制基础Basic Mechanic Engineering Control机械加工自动化Automation in Mechanical Working机械可靠性Mechanical Reliability机械零件Mechanical Elements机械零件设计Course Exercise in Machinery Elements Design机械零件设计基础Basis of Machinery Elements Design机械设计Mechanical Designing机械设计基础Basis of Mechanical Designing机械设计课程设计Course Exercise in Mechanical Design机械设计原理Principle of Mechanical Designing机械式信息传输机构Mechanical Information Transmission Device机械原理Principle of Mechanics机械原理和机械零件Mechanism & Machinery机械原理及机械设计Mechanical Designing机械原理及应用Mechanical Principle & Mechanical Applications机械原理课程设计Course Exercise of Mechanical Principle机械原理与机械零件Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Elements机械原理与机械设计Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Design机械噪声控制Control of Mechanical Noise机械制造概论Introduction to Mechanical Manufacture机械制造工艺学Technology of Mechanical Manufacture机械制造基础Fundamental of Mechanical Manufacture机械制造基础(金属工艺学) Fundamental Course of Mechanic Manufacturing (Meta机械制造系统自动化Automation of Mechanical Manufacture System机械制造中计算机控制Computer Control in Mechanical Manufacture机制工艺及夹具Mechanical Technology and Clamps积分变换Integral Transformation积分变换及数理方程Integral Transformation & Mathematical Equations积分变换控制工程Integral Transformation Control Engineering积分变换与动力工程Integral Transforms & Dynamic Engineering激光电源Laser Power Devices激光焊Laser Welding激光基础Basis of Laser激光技术Laser Technology激光加工Laser Processing激光器件Laser Devices激光器件与电源Laser Devices & Power Source激光原理Principles of Laser激光原理与技术Laser Principles & Technology极限分析Limit Analysis集合论与代数结构Set Theory & Algebraical Structure技术管理Technological Management技术经济Technological Economy技术经济学Technological Economics技术市场学Technological Marketing计量经济学Measure Economics计算方法Computational Method计算机导论Introduction to Computers计算机导论与实践Introduction to Computers & Practice计算机辅助设计CAD计算机辅助设计与仿真Computer Aided Design & Imitation 计算机辅助语言教学Computer-Aided Language Teaching计算机辅助制造Computer-Aided Manufacturing计算机概论Introduction to Computers计算机绘图Computer Graphics计算机基础Basis of Computer Engineering计算机接口技术Computer Interface Technology计算机接口与通讯Computer Interface & Communication计算机局域网Regional Network of Computers计算机控制Computer Controling计算机设计自动化Automation of Computer Design计算机实践Computer Practice计算机数据库Computer Database计算机算法基础Basis of Computer Algorithm计算机图形显示Computer Graphic Demonstration计算机图形学Computer Graphics计算机网络Computer Networks计算机系统结构Computer Architecture计算机语言处理Computer Language Processing计算机原理Principle of Computer Engineering计算机在化学中的应用Application of Computer in Chemistry 计算机组成原理Principles of Computer Composition计算力学Computational Mechanics计算力学基础Basis of Computational Mechanics计算流体Fluid Computation继电保护新技术New Technology of Relay Protection继电保护原理Principles of Relay Protection继电保护运行Relay-Protected Operation检测技术Measurement Technique检测系统动力学Detection System Dynamics检测与控制Detection & Controling简明社会学Concise Sociology简明世界史Brief World History减振设计Vibration Absorption Designing渐近方法Asymptotical Method建筑材料Building Materials建筑初步Elementary Architecture建筑防火Building Fire Protection建筑概论Introduction to Architecture建筑构造Architectural Construction建筑结构Architectural Structure建筑结构抗震设计Anti-quake Architectural Structure Design建筑经济与企业管理Architectural Economy & Enterprise Management建筑力学Architectural Mechanics建筑名作欣赏Appreciation of Architectural Works建筑入门Elementary Architecture建筑摄影Architectural Photographing建筑设备Architectural Equipment建筑设计Architectural Design建筑施工Construction Technology建筑绘画Architectural Drawing建筑物理Architecural Physics建筑制图Architectural Graphing胶体化学Colloid Chemistry交流调速系统Alternating Current Governor System教育心理学Pedagogic Psychology接口与控制器Interface and Controler接口与通讯Interface and Communication结构程序设计Structural Program Designing结构动力学Structural Dynamics结构化学Structural Chemistry结构检验Structural Testing结构力学Structural Mechanics结构素描Structure Sketching结构塑性分析Structural Plasticity Analysis结构稳定Stability Analysis of Structures结构先进技术Advanced Structuring Technology结构优化理论Optimal Structure Theory结构优化设计Optimal Structure DesigningPurPoison2006-03-15 14:56课程的英文词汇(三)解析几何Analytic Geometry介质波导Medium Wave Guide介质测量Medium Measurement介质光学Medium Optics金属X射线学Metal X-Ray Analysis金属材料焊接Metal Material Welding金属材料学Metal Material Science金属材料与热处理Metal Material & Heat Treatment金属腐蚀与保护Metal Erosion & Protection金属腐蚀原理Principles of Metal Erosion金属工艺学Metal Technics金属焊接性基础Elementary Metal Weldability金属焊接原理Principles of Metal Welding金属机械性能Mechanical Property of Metal金属力学性能Metal Mechanic Property金属切削机床Metal Cutting Machine Tool金属切削原理及刀具Principles of Metal Cutting & Cutters金属熔焊原理Principles of Metal Molten Welding金属熔焊原理及工艺Principles of Metal Molten Welding & Technique 金属熔炼Metal Melting金属塑性成形原理Principles of Metal forming金属物理性能Physical Property of Metal金属学Metallography金属学与热处理Metallography & Heat Treatment金属学原理Principles of Metallography金相分析Metallographic Analysis金相技术Metallographic Techniques近代光学测试技术Modern Optical Testing Technology近代光学计量技术Modern Optical Measuring Technology近代经济史Modern History of Economics近代物理实验Lab of Modern Physics近世代数Modern Algebra晶体管原理Principles of Transistors晶体光学Crystallographic Optics精密测量技术Technology of Precision Measurement精密电气测量Precise Electric Measurement精密合金Precise Alloy精密机械CAD CAD for Precision Machinery精密机械课程设计Course Design for Precision Machinery精密机械零件Precision Machinery Elements精密机械设计基础Elementary Precision Machinery Design精密机械学Precision Machinery精细有机合成Minute Organic Synthesis经济地理Economical Geography经济法Law of Economy经济法学Law of Economy经济分析基础Basis of Economic Analysis经济控制论Economical Cybernetics经济社会学Economic Sociology经济新闻Economic News经济学说史History of Economics经济学原理Principles of Economics经济预测Economic Predicting经济预测与管理奖惩Economic Predicting & Management经济原理Principles of Economy经济运筹学Economic Operation Research经济增长理论Theory of Economic Growth经营管理Operation Management经营管理学Operation Management静力学Statics纠错编码Error Correction of Coding决策分析Analysis of Policy Making绝缘在线检测Insulation Live Testing军事理论Military Theory抗干扰技术Anti-Jamming Technique科技翻译Scientific English Translation科技管理Technological Management科技史History of Science & Technology科技史及新技术知识Historry of Science & Knowledge of New Techndogy 科技写作Scientific Writing科技新闻Scientific News科技英语Scientific English科技英语基础Elementary Scientific English科技英语阅读Readings of Scientific English科技与社会Science & Society科学方法论Scientific Methodology科学技术史History of Science & Technology科学计量Scientific Measurement科学社会学概论Introduction to Scientific Socialism科学社会主义Scientific Socialism科学思维方法Methods of Scinetific Thinking科学学Scientology可计算性Calculability可靠性Reliability可靠性及故障诊断Reliability & Error Diagnosis可靠性技术导论Introduction to Reliability Technology可靠性数学Reliable Mathematics可靠性物理Reliability Physics可逆式机组Reversible Machinery Group可逆式水力机械Reversible Hydraulic Machinery空气调节与通风Air Regulation & Ventilation空气动力学Aerodynamics。
热能工程专业英语
热能工程专业英语Aadiabatic process -绝热过程aero engine -航空发动机afterburner -加力燃烧室air fuel ratio -空燃比air conditioning -空调aviation fuel -航空燃料Bboiling -沸腾Brayton cycle -布雷顿循环Ccapacity -功率,容量carburetor -化油器combustion -燃烧combustion chamber -燃烧室compressor -压气机condenser -冷凝器crank case -曲轴箱cylinder -气缸Ddiesel engine -柴油机diffuser -扩压器dry satured steam -干饱和蒸汽Eejector -喷射器engine -引擎enthalpy -焓entropy -熵evaporation -蒸发exhaust -废气Ffan -风机feed water -供水fundamental interval -基本间隔Ggas turbine -燃气轮机gas generator -燃气发生器generator -发电机guided missile -导弹Hheat -热heat pump -热泵Iimpeller -叶轮internal energy -内能intercooler -中间冷却器isothermal process -等温过程Jjet engine -喷气发动机KKelvin scale -开尔文刻度kinetic energy -动能Llatent heat -潜热Pphase -相piston -活塞power output -功率输出pressure -压强pressure ratio -压力比prime mover -原动机Sscavengine -扫气SFC=Specific Fuel Consumption -燃油消耗率stability -稳定性stator -定子stroke -冲程superheated steam -过热蒸汽Ttemperature -温度thermal capacity -热容量thermal efficiency -热效率thermal equilibrium -热平衡thermodynamics -热力学thermodynamic cycle -热力学循环thermometer -温度计thermometry -计温学turbofan -涡轮风扇发动机turboprop -涡轮螺桨发动机two-stage turbocharger -两级涡轮增压器Vvacuum -真空viscosity -粘性Wwaste-heat recovery -废热回收wet steam -湿蒸汽Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics -南京航空航天大学College of Energy & Power Engineering -能源与动力工程学院Thermal Energy and Dynamic Engineering -热能与动力工程Engineering Thermodynamics -工程热物理major =specialty -专业。
中英文对照
太原理工大学各学院及专业中译英【机械工程学院】college of mechanical engineering机械设计制造及其自动化 mechanical engineering and automation1.机械制造及其自动化 mechanical manufacturing and its automation2.机械设计及理论 mechanical design and theory3.机械电子工程 machinery electronics engineering4.车辆工程 vehicle engineering工业设计 industrial design机械系 department of mechanical engineering机械制造工艺及设备machinery manufacturing process and equipment【材料科学与工程学院】college of materials science and engineering 从材料成型机控制工程 material shaping and control engineering 金属材料工程 metallic materials engineering无机非金属材料工程 inorganic nonmetallic materials engineering 冶金工程 metallurgical engineering高分子材料与工程 polymer materials and engineering 材料物理materials physics材料化学 chemistry of materials1.材料物理与化学 materials physics and chemistry2.材料科学与工程 materials science and engineering3.材料加工工程 materials processing engineering4.钢铁冶金 iron and steel metallurgy5.有色金属冶金 nonferrous metallurgy【电气与动力工程学院】 college of electrical and power engineering 电气工程及其自动化 electrical engineering and automation 热能与动力工程thermal energy and power engineering 培养方向:1.热动力工程 thermo power engineering2.动力机械及工程 power machinery and engineering3.电机与电器 electrical machinery and appliances4.电力系统及其自动化 electrical system and its automation5.高压电绝缘技术 high-voltage electricity an insulation technology6.电气,电子和传动装置 electrical, electronics and transmission7.电工理论与新技术 theory and new technology of electrical engineering【信息工程学院】 college of information engineering自动化 automation培养方向:电路系统 electric circuit an system电子信息工程 electronic and information engineering测控技术与仪器measurement control technology and instruments培养方向:1.检测技术与自动化设备 detecting technology and automatic equipment2.系统工程 systems engineering3.模式识别与智能系统 pattern recognition and intellectual system通讯工程 munication engineering培养方向:1.通信与信息系统 munication and information system2.信号与信息处理 signal and information processing电子科学与技术 electronic science and technology培养方向:控制理论与控制工程 control theory and control engineering 【计算机科学与技术学院】 college of puter engineering and software 计算机科学与技术puter science and technology物联网工程 networking engineering【软件学院】 college of software软件工程 software engineering【建筑与土木工程学院】college of architecture and civil engineering 建筑学 architecture城市规划 city planning土木工程 civil engineering【水利科学与工程学院】 college of water conservancy science and engineering水利水电工程 water conservancy and hydroelectric engineering农业水利工程(含水利信息化方向)agricultural water conservancy engineering水文与水资源工程 hydrology and water resources engineeringagricultural soil and water engineeringhydrology and water resourceshydraulics and river dynamicswater engineering and structural engineeringwater conservancy and hydroelectric engineeringharbor beach and inshore engineering【化学化工学院】 college of chemistry and chemical engineering化学工程与工艺chemical engineering and technology(化学工艺、能源化工、精细化工、高分子化工方向)chemical engineering and technology应用化学 applied chemistry生物工程 biological engineering制药工程(化学与生物制药工程方向)pharmaceutical engineering过程装备与控制工程 process equipment and control engineering化学和生物制药工程方向 chemical and biological pharmaceutical engineering direction【矿业工程学院】 college of mining engineering采矿工程 mining engineering安全工程 safety engineering资源勘查工程 resource exploration engineering测绘工程 engineering of surveying and mapping地理信息系统工程 geographical information system engineering矿物加工工程mineral processing engineering城市地下空间工程 city underground space engineering勘查技术与工程 prospecting technology and engineering【轻纺工程与美术学院】college of textile engineering with academy of fine arts 纺织工程 textile engineering服装设计与工程 clothing design and engineering艺术设计artistic design绘画 painting摄影 photography动画 the animation电子商务 electronic business数字媒体艺术 digital media art文化产业管理 cultural industry management【环境科学与工程学院】 college of environmental science and engineering 给水排水工程 water supply and drainage engineering 环境工程 environmental engineering建筑环境与设备工程 constructing environment and equipment engineering【数学学院】 college of mathematics数学与应用数学 mathematics and applied mathematics信息与计算科学 information and puting science统计学 statistics【物理与光电工程学院】 college of physics and photo electricity engineering光信息科学与技术optical information science and technology 应用物理 applied physics光源与照明 light source and lighting【力学学院】 college of mechanics工程力学 engineering mechanics【外国语学院】 college of foreign languages英语 english【政法学院】 college of politics and law法学 law行政管理 administrative management思想政治教育 ideological and political education【经济管理学院】 college of economics and management 市场营销marketing and sales工程管理 project management会计学 accounting国际经济与贸易 international economics and trade 物流管理 logistics management【体育学院】 college of physical education体育教育 physical education医院中英文对照发热门诊have fever主治医师doctor-in-charge 供应室supply room谢绝入内no entering 红灯亮时谢绝入内no entering when red light 彩超、心电图colorful cardiogram/ecg住院楼inpatient building 透析血磁endoscopedept.护士nueser康复理疗科rehabilitationphysiotherapydept.中药计价china medical price account肛肠科ano-proctology皮肤、肛肠、男性科、泌尿科候诊dermatology、ano-proctology、male urology clinic 皮肤科、肛肠科、男性科、泌尿科dermatology、ano-proctology、male urology dept 中医科traditional chinese medicine五官科ent dept. 男性科、泌尿科 male urology dept.安全出口exit预防保健科medical center for health preventionand care后勤科、药库logistic room、seore入院登记in-patient admisson 高压氧治疗hyperbaric oxygehation therapy碎石中心eswl center 急救中心emergency center挂号收费registration中心药房cenreral pharmacy内科门诊internal medicine clinic会议室meeting room手外科hand surgery 产科obstentrics dept.骨外科orthopedics dept. 神经、烧伤外科neurosurgery. plaseric surgey dept.麻醉科anaesthesiology手术室operation room 泌尿、肿瘤外科urologic. gumorsurgery dept.妇科gynecology dept. 内二科internal medicine.ward 2产房及爱婴中心delivery room内一科internal medicine.ward 1洗手间toilet 普外、胸外科surgey、thoracic surgey dept.皮肤科dermatology dept. 中医骨伤科traditional mediaine or thopaedics餐厅dining room 配餐室pantry room后勤科logistics dept. 电工室electrician room接待室dermatology room 内、儿科候诊 internal medicine. pediatrics功能检查候诊function exam 中医科候诊tcm clinic放射科候诊radiology clinic 妇科门诊gynecology dept.产科候诊obstentrics clinic 肛肠科候诊ano-proctology妇科候诊gynecology clinic 产科门诊obstentrics dept.五官科候诊ent. clinic 外科候诊surgery clinic输液中心transfusion center 皮肤、泌尿科候诊dermatology.male urology clinic检验候诊clinical laborotories 家属休息relation rest room口腔科门诊stomatology clinic 内儿科internal medicine.pediaarics镜检科endoscope dept. 外科surgrey dept.检验中心laboratory center 功能检查function exam dept.登记处registration 预防保健门诊hygine & public health dept.收费处cashier 美容科、镜检科门诊cosmetology dept. endoscope clinic收费健康发证gharge lssue bill of health试敏观察室scratch espial room中英文对照金融危机下企业财务风险产生的原因及防范分析财务风险管理财会研究金融危机下企业财务风险产生的原因及防范分析上海理工大学管理学院叶建波[ 摘要 ]08 年金融危机的爆发给我国企业带来了严重的影响,许多企业由于没有做好充分的防御准备而导致企业财务风险的发生,面对危机,怎么样做好企业财务风险防范,是当前企业面临的首要问题,也是以后企业管理的重点。
金属的热处理外文翻译
外文资料翻译Heat Treatment of MetalThe generally accepted definition for heat treating metals and metal alloys is “heating and cooling a solid metal or alloy in a way so as to obtain specific conditions and I or properties.”Heating for the sole purpose of hot working(as in forging operations) is excludedfrom this definition.Likewise,the types of heat treatment that are sometimes used for productssuch as glass or plastics are also excluded from coverage by this definition.Transformation Curves.The basis for heat treatment is thetime-temperature-transformation curves or TTT curveswhere,in a single diagram all the three parameters are plotted.Because of the shape of thecurves,they are also sometimes called C-curves or S-curves.Material forming processesIn this section,a short description of the process examples will begiven. But assembly andjoining processes are not described here.ForgingForging can be characterized as: mass conserving, solid state of work material (metal), andmechanical primary basic process-plastic deformation. A wide variety of forging processes areused, and Fig.9.1(a) shows the most common of these: drop forging. The metal is heated to asuitable working temperature and placed in the lower die cavity. The upper die is then lowered sothat the metal is forced to fill the cavity.[1]Excess material is squeezed out between the die facesat the periphery as flash, which is removed in a later trimming process. When the term forging isused, it usually means hot forging. Cold forging has several specialized names. The material lossin forging processes is usually quite small.Normally, forged components require some subsequent machining, since the tolerances andsurfaces obtainable are not usually satisfactory for a finished product. Forging machines includedrop hammers and forging presses with mechanical or hydraulic drives. These machines involvesimple translatory motions.金属的热处理普遍认同对金属及合金热处理的定义是,以一定的方式加热或冷却固态金属或合金,以达到一定的条件和/或获得某些性能。
热加工:joining processes and equipment制造工程与技术(热加工)(1)
Why joining processes?
Without joining, there would not be modern industry. Because products or parts would be Impossible to manufacture Expensive Difficult to maintenance Hard to get different properties Difficult to transportation
Joining: Connect parts together. Joining is an all-
inclusive term (总称) ,covering processes such as welding, brazing, soldering, adhesive bonding(胶接), and mechanical fastening.
The application The joint design The materials involved The shapes of the components to be joined, their thicknesses, and their sizes Others: the location of the joint within the product, component numbers, the operator skill required, costs and so on.
3
1
2
2
2
Resistance Welding
1
机械制造技术英文PPT33
Axis of rotation
Axis of workpiece
The allowance for this operation must meet the following formula : Bilateral allowance :2Z ≥ 2( Ra + Da)+ Ta + 2|ρa +εb | Unilateral allowance :Z ≥ Ra + Da + Ta + |ρa +εb |
I Processing allowance and its influencing factors
1. Processing allowance
➢About processing allowance
Processing allowance Z: Thickness of metal layer cut during processing Operation allowance Zi: The difference in operation dimension between
two operations Total processing allowance: The difference between the blank size and the design size of the part drawing Due to the tolerance of the process size, the margin also changes
Refers to the determination of operation dimensions and tolerance when the operation benchmark, positioning benchmark and design benchmark are overlaped, and the surface is processed multiple times. ➢Such as opertions of outer circle and inner hole (multi-process).
journal of manufacturing processes
Journal of Manufacturing Processes(制造过程杂志)是一个重要的学术期刊,专注于制造过程的研究、开发和实施。
该杂志的目标是推进制造过程的先进性,鼓励创新以开发新的和高效的工艺,并从其他研究团体出版,以快速传播创新的新概念。
制造过程杂志涵盖了制造业生产过程的各个方面,包括工艺规划、质量控制、生产自动化等。
它不仅关注传统制造工艺,还涵盖了新兴技术和未来趋势。
该杂志特别关注新兴技术和受邀论文的专题问题,并定期出版关于新技术和高效工艺的专题文章。
制造过程杂志涉及的制造过程包括中/微/纳米制造、压印光刻、机械、化学和热工艺、焊接、连接和组装、快速成型、快速制造和维修、立体光刻和其他可以使用光学投影的三维制造技术等。
它还关注制造过程的监控、控制和自动化,以及与制造工艺相关的摩擦学和磨损问题。
该杂志由IEICE(日本电机工程师协会)出版,是制造工程领域的重要期刊之一。
它的出版旨在提供一个平台,为从事制造过程研究的工程师和研究人员提供一个交流和分享最新思想和技术的机会。
总之,Journal of Manufacturing Processes是一个专注于制造过程研究和开发的学术期刊,旨在推进制造过程的先进性和创新。
它涵盖了制造业生产过程的各个方面,并特别关注新兴技术和未来趋势。
该杂志是制造工程领域的重要期刊之一,为研究者和工程师提供了一个交流和分享最新思想和技术的平台。
制造业专业英语词汇
制造业专业英语词汇Manufacturing Industry Terminology.1. Manufacturing Processes.Machining: The process of shaping or modifying a workpiece by cutting, boring, drilling, grinding, or other methods using machine tools.Casting: A manufacturing process where liquid material is poured into a mold, which cools and solidifies into the desired shape.Forging: A process of shaping metal by applying compressive forces that exceed its yield strength,resulting in a permanent deformation of the metal.Extrusion: A metalworking process where material is pushed or drawn through a shaped hole or die to create a continuous piece of desired cross-sectional profile.Injection Molding: A manufacturing process for producing parts from both thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic materials.2. Materials and Components.Raw Materials: Unprocessed materials used in the primary production of goods, such as metals, plastics, and wood.Components: Individual parts that are assembled to create a complete product, such as gears, bearings, and fasteners.Substrate: The base material upon which other materials are applied or deposited, such as a printed circuit board in electronics.Alloy: A mixture of two or more metallic elements, often with non-metallic elements, that has metallic properties.Composite Material: A material made from two or.。
材料加工工程专业英语
材料加工工程专业英语Material Processing EngineeringMaterial processing engineering is a specialized field of study that focuses on the processing and manufacturing of various materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. This field combines knowledge from materials science, mechanical engineering, and industrial engineering to develop and implement efficient and cost-effective processes for transforming raw materials into finished products.In material processing engineering, students learn about different processing techniques, such as casting, forging, extrusion, powder metallurgy, injection molding, and additive manufacturing. They also gain knowledge about the properties and behavior of materials during processing, including phase transformations, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties.Furthermore, students in this field study the design and optimization of processing equipment and production systems. They learn to analyze and improve manufacturing processes, considering factors such as material selection, equipment selection, process parameters, and quality control. They also learn about process simulation and computer-aided design tools that assist in optimizing production operations.This field also covers topics such as materials characterization, failure analysis, and sustainability in material processing. Students learn to use various analytical techniques, such as spectroscopy, microscopy, and mechanical testing, to assess the properties andquality of materials. They also study the environmental and economic impacts of material processing operations and learn strategies for minimizing waste and energy consumption.Career opportunities for graduates in material processing engineering include working in industries such as automotive, aerospace, electronics, energy, and consumer goods. They can work as process engineers, production engineers, quality engineers, or research and development engineers. They can also pursue further education or research in areas such as advanced materials, nanomaterials, or sustainable manufacturing.In conclusion, material processing engineering is a multidisciplinary field that combines knowledge from materials science, mechanical engineering, and industrial engineering to develop and improve processes for transforming raw materials into finished products. Graduates in this field have a wide range of career opportunities and play a crucial role in the manufacturing industry.。
journal of manufacturing processes 模板 -回复
journal of manufacturing processes 模板-回复[Journal of Manufacturing Processes 模板]——一步一步回答引言在现代制造业中,加工工艺是实现高效率和高质量生产的关键环节。
期刊《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》旨在促进关于加工工艺的研究和创新,为制造业界探索新的前沿生产技术提供平台。
本文将以《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》为主题,详细介绍该期刊的重要性、发展历程、内容特点以及评审和作者指南等相关信息。
一、重要性加工工艺是制造业的核心环节,直接关系到产品质量和生产效率。
《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》在加工工艺领域的研究和创新起到了积极的推动作用。
该期刊通过提供一个专业的学术交流平台,促进了学术界和制造业界之间的互动和合作。
它将最新的工艺研究成果分享给广大读者,推动了制造业的发展和进步。
二、发展历程《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》是国际主流学术期刊,由工程师学会(SME)出版。
该期刊首次出版于1983年,自那以后就一直致力于推动加工工艺领域的研究和发展。
随着时间的推移,《Journal ofManufacturing Processes》得到了越来越多的认可和支持,发表了大量有关加工工艺方面的高质量研究论文,成为了制造工程领域的权威期刊之一。
三、内容特点1.学术性强:《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》注重对加工工艺基础理论和前沿技术的研究和探索。
发表的论文具有较高的学术性和研究价值,涵盖了各个方面的加工工艺问题。
2.创新性突出:该期刊鼓励学者在加工工艺领域进行创新探索,提出新的理论和方法,推动加工工艺的技术进步。
3.实用性强:《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》注重将研究成果应用于实际生产中,关注实际加工工艺的可行性和应用效果。
电火花加工英语
电火花加工英语English: Electrical discharge machining (EDM), also known as spark machining, spark eroding, burning, die sinking, wire burning, or wire erosion, is a manufacturing process in which a desired shape is obtained by using electrical discharges (sparks). Material is removed from the workpiece by a series of rapidly recurring current discharges between two electrodes, separated by a dielectric liquid and subject to an electric voltage. One of the electrodes is called the tool-electrode, or simply the "tool" or "electrode," while the other is called the workpiece-electrode, or "workpiece." The process depends upon the tool and workpiece not making actual contact.Translated content: 电火花加工(EDM),也称为火花加工、燃烧、沉头、线切割或线腐蚀,是一种制造工艺,通过使用电放电(火花)来获得所需形状。
材料通过两个电极之间的一系列快速重复的电流放电,通过介电液体的分隔并受电压作用,从工件上去除。
金属热加工工艺英语
金属热加工工艺英语Metallurgy is an ancient craft that has evolved significantly over the centuries. The process of hot working metal involves shaping the material while it is in a malleable state due to high temperatures.This technique is crucial for many industrial applications, as it allows for the creation of complex shapes and structures that would be impossible to achieve through cold working alone. The heat not only makes the metal more pliable but also helps in refining its grain structure, which can improve the material's strength and durability.One of the key advantages of metal hot working is the ability to achieve a uniform texture throughout the metal. This is particularly important for applications where consistent mechanical properties are required, such as in the automotive and aerospace industries.Safety is paramount in the hot working process, as the high temperatures and the use of heavy machinery present significant hazards. Workers must be trained in the proper handling of equipment and materials to prevent accidents and ensure a safe working environment.The art of metal hot working continues to advance with the introduction of new technologies and materials. Innovations in this field can lead to more efficientprocesses, improved product quality, and even the development of new metal alloys with unique properties.In conclusion, metal hot working is a vital process in the manufacturing world, combining the ancient art of metallurgy with modern engineering to produce materials that are essential for countless applications. It is a testament to human ingenuity and the ongoing pursuit of progress in the field of materials science.。
工程实践 英语
工程实践英语Engineering PracticeEngineering practice is the application of theoretical knowledge to solve practical problems in various fieldssuch as civil, mechanical, electrical, and chemical engineering. It involves the use of scientific principles, mathematics, and empirical evidence to design, develop, and maintain systems, structures, and processes.In the field of civil engineering, for example, engineering practice may involve the design andconstruction of bridges, roads, and buildings. Thisrequires a thorough understanding of structural mechanics, materials science, and geotechnical engineering to ensurethe safety and durability of the infrastructure.In mechanical engineering, engineering practice mayfocus on the design and manufacturing of machinery, engines, and mechanical systems. This requires expertise in thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and control systems to ensure the efficient and reliable operation of the equipment.In electrical engineering, engineering practice may involve the design and implementation of electrical systems, such as power distribution networks, communication systems, and electronic devices. This requires knowledge of circuit theory, electromagnetic fields, and signal processing to ensure the proper functioning of the electrical infrastructure.In chemical engineering, engineering practice may focus on the design and operation of chemical processes and plants. This requires an understanding of mass and energy transfer, chemical kinetics, and process control to ensure the efficient production of chemicals and materials.Overall, engineering practice plays a crucial role in addressing societal needs, advancing technology, and improving the quality of life. It requires a combination of technical expertise, problem-solving skills, and ethical considerations to ensure the responsible and sustainable development of engineering solutions.工程实践工程实践是将理论知识应用于解决实际问题的过程,涉及土木、机械、电气和化工等各个领域。
制药工艺学 英语
制药工艺学英语《Pharmaceutical Process Engineering》Pharmaceutical process engineering is a crucial aspect of the pharmaceutical industry, as it involves the design, development, and optimization of manufacturing processes for pharmaceutical products. This field combines principles of chemical engineering, biochemistry, and pharmacology to ensure the safety, effectiveness, and quality of pharmaceutical products.The main goal of pharmaceutical process engineering is to develop cost-effective and efficient methods for producing pharmaceuticals while obeying strict regulations and standards. This involves the design and operation of various chemical and biological processes, as well as the integration of advanced technologies and equipment to optimize the manufacturing process.One key aspect of pharmaceutical process engineering is the development of new drug delivery systems, which aim to improve the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical products. This can involve the creation of specialized formulations, such as extended-release tablets or transdermal patches, as well as the use of nanotechnology or other advanced delivery mechanisms.Additionally, pharmaceutical process engineering also encompasses the development of methods for quality control and assurance in pharmaceutical manufacturing. This includes the implementation of good manufacturing practices (GMP) and the use of advanced analytical techniques to ensure the purity, potency, and stability of pharmaceutical products.In recent years, advancements in pharmaceutical process engineering have led to the development of continuous manufacturing processes, which offer several advantages over traditional batch processes, including improved efficiency, reduced waste, and better control over product quality.Overall, pharmaceutical process engineering plays a crucial role in the pharmaceutical industry by ensuring the safe, efficient, and cost-effective production of pharmaceutical products. By integrating principles of chemical engineering, biochemistry, and pharmacology, pharmaceutical process engineers are able to design and optimize manufacturing processes that comply with strict regulations while meeting the needs of patients and healthcare providers.。
国家新闻出版广电总局认定的第二批学术期刊名单
国家新闻出版广电总局认定的第二批学术期刊名单国家新闻出版广电总局认定的第二批学术期刊公示名单(共712种)1. 邮电设计技术2. 音乐传播3. 建筑遗产4. China Finance and Economic Review中国财政与经济研究(英文)5. 军事测绘导航6. National Science Review国家科学评论7. 老龄科学研究8. 国际安全研究9. 后勤学院学报10. 中国出版史研究11. W orld History Studies世界史研究12. R are metal materials and engineering稀有金属材料与工程13. 中国牙科研究杂志(英文)14. 工业经济论坛15. 中国医疗管理科学16. 中国法律评论17. 城市与环境研究18. J ournal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences中医科学杂志(英文)19. 导航定位与授时20. S cience China. Materials中国科学:材料科学(英文)21. 中国临床医生杂志22. 鸟类学研究23. 财务研究24. E ngineering工程(英文)25. 海外投资与出口信贷26. W orld journal ofotorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery世界耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志(英文)27. C hronic diseases and translational medicine慢性疾病与转化医学(英文)28. 电子科学技术(北京)29. I nternational Journal of Coal Science & Technology国际煤炭科学技术学报(英文)30. 汽车工艺师31. 中国民族美术32. 中国社会科学评价33. 专用车与零部件34. 全球传媒学刊35. 国际汉学36. 世界复合医学37. 中国研究型医院38. 中华神经外科杂志(英文)39. 社会治理40. 电气工程学报41. 军民融合42. 工程科学学报43. S cience Bulletin科学通报(英文版)44. 竞争政策研究45. 园艺学报英文版46. 外国文学动态研究47. 智能制造48. 中华骨与关节外科杂志49. 中国青年社会科学50. T ranslational neuroscience and clinics (Print)临床转化神经医学(英文)51. C omputational visual media计算可视媒体(英文)52. 大数据53. 交通运输研究54. 水资源开发与管理55. M icrosystems & nanoengineering微系统与纳米工程(英文)56. C SEE journal of power and energy systems中国电机工程学会电力与能源系统学报57. 专利代理58. 医学教育管理59. 中国商论60. 信息安全研究61. 血管与腔内血管外科杂志62. 高校马克思主义理论研究63. 社会主义核心价值观研究64. 遗产与保护研究65. 中国建设信息化66. 语言战略研究67. 当代中国价值观研究68. 智慧健康69. 网络与信息安全学报70. 财政科学71. 通信与信息网络学报72. 城市设计73. 信息安全学报74. 中国电气工程学报(英文)75. 气体物理76. 中国市场监管研究77. 国际政治科学78. 数据与情报科学学报(英文)79. 世界中医药杂志(英文)80. 绿色包装81. 石油科学通报82. 教育经济评论83. 智库理论与实践84. 教育与装备研究85. 中国国际财经(中英文)86. 火箭军军事学术87. 教育与职业88. 北京社会科学89. 新闻与写作90. 现代国际关系91. 中国高等教育92. 农村金融研究93. 电气时代94. 教育研究95. 党的文献96. 中国水利97. 人民检察98. 国防大学学报99. 国际经济合作100. 公路101. 中共党史研究102. 中国藏学103. 中国藏学(藏文)104. 橡胶工业105. 水运工程106. 水泥107. 园艺学报108. 液压与气动109. 电信技术110. 电信科学111. 古建园林技术112. 电子技术应用113. 世界电信114. 团结115. 设备管理与维修116. 中小学管理117. 思想教育研究118. 中国皮革119. 后勤学术120. 现代电信科技121. 中央社会主义学院学报122. 北京档案123. 科学社会主义124. 中国农技推广125. 现代国际关系(英文)126. 语言文字应用127. 铁道货运128. 中国高教研究129. 电信网技术130. 汽车与驾驶维修131. 电视研究132. 中国广播133. 工程经济134. 电子知识产权135. 防化学报136. 中国党政干部论坛137. 中国仪器仪表138. 仪器仪表标准化与计量139. 铁道建筑技术140. 军队指挥自动化141. 轮胎工业142. 中国学术期刊文摘143. 中国涂料144. 工程机械与维修145. 和平与发展146. 中国骨质疏松杂志147. 交通世界148. 经济界149. 中国电化教育150. 中国卫生监督杂志151. 机械工业标准化与质量152. 中共中央党校学报153. 粮油食品科技154. 中国经贸导刊155. 道路交通与安全156. 机电产品开发与创新157. 机电兵船档案158. 北京党史159. 解放军卫勤杂志160. 电信工程技术与标准化161. 中国远程教育162. 国家图书馆学刊163. 自动化指挥与计算机164. 科技研究165. 口腔颌面修复学杂志166. 网络安全技术与应用167. 金融论坛168. 中国报业169. 建筑砌块与砌块建筑170. 中国发展171. 北京大学学报·医学版172. China Tibetology中国藏学(英文版)173. 中国版权174. 通用机械175. 液压气动与密封176. 中小学信息技术教育177. 现代电视技术178. 陆军航空兵学院学报179. 项目管理技术180. 互联网天地181. 数字与缩微影像182. 锻造与冲压183. 世界制造技术与装备市场184. 核安全185. 数字通信世界186. 中国文化遗产187. 中国无线电188. 电气应用189. 中国农村卫生事业管理190. 军事气象水文191. 中国特警192. 环境与可持续发展193. 中国海上油气194. 风景园林195. 中国传媒大学学报(自然科学版)196. 中国石油和化工标准与质量197. 中国学术期刊文摘(英文)198. 铁路通信信号工程技术199. 北京水务200. 城市地质201. 国家林业局管理干部学院学报202. 金属加工(冷加工)203. 金属加工(热加工)204. 信息通信技术205. 民族翻译206. 中华保健医学杂志207. 中国医疗保险208. 中国环境管理209. 混凝土世界210. 微型机与应用211. 演艺科技212. 计算机集成制造系统213. 中国交通信息化214. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 国际灾害风险科学学报215. 矿业装备216. 工业炉217. 软件218. 港工技术219. 武警指挥学院学报220. 天津市教科院学报221. 港口经济222. 武警学术223. 天津市社会主义学院学报224. 国际医学放射学杂志225. 小型内燃机与车辆技术226. 天津中德职业技术学院学报227. 经济社会史评论228. 光电技术应用229. 现代口腔医学杂志230. 中国全科医学231. 社会科学论坛232. 中国军事教育233. 炮学杂志234. 唐山师范学院学报235. 现代电生理学杂志236. 石家庄机械化步兵学院学报237. 金融理论探索238. 语文教学通讯239. 名作欣赏240. 经济问题241. 山西交通科技242. 华北国土资源243. Chinese nursing research护理研究(英文)244. 循证护理245. 史志学刊246. 指挥与控制学报247. 图书情报导刊248. 品牌研究249. 太原学院学报(社会科学版)250. 语文学刊251. 中国民族医药杂志252. 呼伦贝尔学院学报253. 文理导航254. 内蒙古科技大学学报255. 数字传媒研究256. 北方农业学报257. 政工学刊258. 节能259. 大连干部学刊260. 海军大连舰艇学院学报261. 沈阳炮兵学院学报262. 辽宁警察学院学报263. 大连民族大学学报264. 智能城市265. 软件工程266. 职业技术教育267. 汉语学习268. 中国朝鲜语文(朝文版) 269. 吉林水利270. 学问271. 吉林省教育学院学报272. 兵器试验273. 吉林电力274. 中国管理信息化275. 东北农业科学276. 吉林建筑大学学报277. 关东学刊278. 黑河教育279. 佳木斯职业学院学报280. 黑龙江冶金281. 黑龙江水利科技282. 中国林副特产283. 中国公共卫生管理284. 中国中医药科技285. 数理化解题研究286. 建筑建材装饰287. 职业技术288. 黑龙江水利289. 知与行290. 外语界291. 书法292. 电影新作293. 上海工艺美术294. 上海农业科技。
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③ It is used extensively for the joining of plastics, in packaging with foils(箔) and for the lap welding of sheet, foil, and thin wire.
28.4 Friction Welding (FRW) 摩擦焊
④ Welding flash, can easily be removed(容易清除) by machining or grinding.
⑤ FRW machines are fully automated, and the operator skill required is minimal.
Other Friction Welding Processes
Process capabilities:
① The ultrasonic welding process is versatile and reliable. ② It can be used with a wide variety of metallic (ductile) and nonmetallic materials, including dissimilar metals. battery assembly solar energy converter
After sufficient contact is established, the rotating member is brought to a quick stop (so that the weld is not destroyed by shearing ), while the axial force is increased. Oxides and other contaminants at the interface are removed by the radially outward movement(径向排除) of the hot metal at the interface. The pressure at the interface and the resulting friction produce sufficient heat for a strong joint to form. The shape of the welded joint depends on the rotational speed and on the axial pressure applied. These factors must be controlled to obtain a uniformly strong joint.
Process Capabilities :
① FRW can be used to join a wide variety of materials, provided that one of the components has some rotational symmetry. (轴对称) ② Solid or tubular parts (实心或管状零件)can be joined by this method, with good joint strength. ( Solid steel bars up to 100mm in diameter and pipes up to 250mm in outside diameter) ③ The surface speed of the rotating member may be as high as 900m/min, the productivity is very high (one to several ten seconds a joint).
Figure 28.3 (a) Sequence of operations in the friction welding process: (1) Lefthand component is rotated at high speed. (2) Right-hand component is brought into contact under an axial force. (3) Axial force is increased; flash begins to form. (4) Left-hand component stops rotating; weld is completed. The flash can subsequently be removed by machining or grinding. (b) Shape of fusion zone in friction welding, as a function of the force applied and the rotational speed.
28.3 Ultrasonic Welding (USW) 超声波焊接
In ultrasonic welding, the faying surfaces(结合面) of the two components are subjected to a static normal force and oscillating shearing (tangential 切线的) stresses. The shearing stresses are applied by the tip of a transducer(换能器,变换器). The frequency of oscillation is generally in the range of 10kHz to 75kHz.
Cold welding can be used to join small parts made of soft, ductile metals.
Figure 28.1 Schematic illustration of the roll bonding, or cladding process
The shearing stresses cause plastic deformation at the interface of the two components, breaking up oxide films and contaminants and thus allowing good contact and producing a strong solid-state bond. The temperature generated in the weld zone is usually in the range from one-third to one-half of the melting point of the metals joined; consequently neither melting nor fusion takes place. But different for welding plastic (low melting point).
(固态焊接)(压力焊)
Processes in which joining takes place without fusion (melting) of the workpieces. Unlike in the fusion-welding processes described in chapter 27, no liquid (molten) phase is present in the joint. ? If two clean surfaces are brought into atomic contact with each other under sufficient pressure, they form bonds (结合) and produce a strong joint. Apply external heat improves the bond by diffusion (扩散). Heat may be generated by friction, electric- resistance heating or chemical reaction.
§28 Solid-State Welding Processes
Cold Welding
Ultrasonic Welding
Chemical Fusion
welding Electrical
Friction Welding (FRW) Inertia Linear Stir (FSW)
Brazing and soldering
28.2 Cold Welding (CW)[冷(压)焊]
In cold welding (CW), pressure is applied to the workpieces, through either dies or rolls (冲模或滚轮). If the rolls are used , the process is called roll bonding(滚压焊). Because of the plastic deformation involved, it is necessary that at least one, but preferably both, of the mating parts (配合件,焊接件) be ductile(易延展的). Prior to welding, the interface is degreased, wire-brushed, and wiped to remove oxide smudge(擦除氧化物污染).
Anvil 砧台,平台;coupling system 偶合系统 ;
transducer 变换器,换能器;polarization 极化
Figure 28.2 (a) Components of an ultrasonic welding machine for lap welds. The lateral vibrations of the tool tip cause plastic deformation and bonding at the interface of the workpieces. (b) Ultrasonic seam welding using a roller. (c) An ultrasonically welded part.