裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记-第28课汇编
新概念2第28课知识点讲解
新概念2第28课知识点讲解⼀，Words and expressions1，rare(1)adj. 稀有的、罕见的、不寻常的rare animal 稀有动物rare bird 珍稀鸟类rare illness 疑难杂症句型it is rare+ for (sb.)+ to do sth.eg. It is rare for him to be absent.(2)adj. 半熟的eg. I’d like my steak rare, please.steak ⽜排well done 全熟medium 半⽣半熟rare ⼏乎是⽣的rarely adv. 不常eg. I rarely eat at home.scarce 缺乏的，罕见的，(在某⼀地⽅或某⼀时间段少有)scare resources稀缺资源Watermelon is scarce in winter。
The food is scarce during the war.战争期间⾷物短缺。
→⽜排的“⼏分熟”⽤英语表达：How do you like your steak cooked? 你的⽜排要⼏分熟?通常点⽜排，或是在⾼级⼀点的餐厅点⽜⾁汉堡，服务⽣都会这样问你How do you like it cooked? 回答的⽅式也有⼏种：全熟是well done，七分熟是medium well，五分熟是medium，四分熟是medium rare，三分熟是rare。
2，ancient adj. 古代的，古⽼的an ancient civilization 古代⽂明ancient Egypt 古埃及3，myth n. 神话the Greek myths希腊神话（Greek希腊的，希腊语，希腊⼈，，，Greece 希腊）Legend n. 传奇story n. 故事（最⼴）novel n. ⼩说fable n. 寓⾔4，trouble（1）n. ⿇烦have trouble with sb./sth. 与…..有摩擦eg. Jasper White had trouble with cars and their owners.Thank you for your trouble. 谢谢你费神。
裕兴新概念英语第二册完美打印版笔记_第28课
Lesson 28 No parking 禁止停车rare1) adj. 稀有的，罕见的，不寻常的（rarer, rarest ） not often happening or seen, unusual eg. He is a rare person. 他是个少见的人。
a rare book 珍本 a rare plant 珍稀植物 a rare butterfly 一只罕见的蝴蝶 a rare visitor 稀客 a rare edition 珍藏本 It is rare + for (sb) + to do sth 某人很少做某事 eg. It is rare for him to be absent. 他很少缺席。
2) adj. （气体等）稀薄的，稀疏的 thin the rare air of the mountains 山里的稀薄空气 3）adj. 半熟的，煮得嫩的I’d like my steak rare, please. 我要的牛排要三、四分熟。
half-done 半熟 well-done 全熟 rarity ['re ər ɪti:] n. [c] 珍品，奇事 [u] 稀有 rareness n. [u] (空气等)稀薄，稀有rarely adv. 不常（否定含义） not often, seldom I rarely eat in restaurants. I often cook myself. 我很少到饭店里吃。
我一般都是自己做。
ancient adj. 古代的，古老的 old adj. 老的，旧的，先前的an old lady 一个老太太an old church 一个古老的教堂 an old friend 老朋友 my old job 我以前的工作 senior ['si:nj ə] adj. 较年长的，资深的junior ['d ʒu:nj ə] adj.年少的, 较年幼的；资历较浅的,地位较低的 senior citizen 老人，退休的人 the senior partner 大股东aged adj. （正式）年老的，体衰的（人） an aged gentleman 一位老人ancient adj. （仅物）远古的，古代的 an ancient civilization 古代文明 an ancient history 古代历史antique [æn'ti:k] adj. （仅物）古旧的，珍贵的 antique furniture 古董家具an antique coin 古钱币myth n. 神话尤指与某一民族早期历史或信仰有关，或解释自然现象的故事。
新概念第二册 Lesson 28 重要词组 及语法讲解
L28 No ParkingWarm-up:1.What is Jasper's trouble ?2. What has he put up outside his gate ?3.Why has he put the stone head of Medusa over his gate ?It was believed that Medusa used to be a beautiful girl, who was deeply loved by Poseidon. She was too proud and she even tried to compete her beauty with the goddess in the Parthenon. Athena was exasperated. She cast a spell (向…施法)on Medusa, turned her fair hair into vipers. The horrible thing is, Medusa’s eyes have shocking lights. Anyone who see her in the eyes will turn to stone statue.1.Is their anything that annoys you very much about other people’s behaviour?2.What ‘rules’ would you like to make for cars and their owners? Give your reasons.3.Do you believe in modern myths? Can you think of any modern myths?one of1. 后接可数名词复数，表示什么中的一个，动词用单数第三人称。
One of the apples has gone bad.She is one of my best friends.2. 定语从句：在定语从句的习惯使用中，one of后面的名词是复数，这个复数名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词，因而know不作加s. 而在one of 前面有the或the only时，后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。
新概念2第28课知识点讲解
一，Words and expressions1，rare(1)adj. 稀有的、罕见的、不寻常的rare animal 稀有动物rare bird 珍稀鸟类rare illness 疑难杂症句型it is rare+ for (sb.)+ to do sth.eg. It is rare for him to be absent.(2)adj. 半熟的eg. I’d like my steak rare, please.steak 牛排well done 全熟medium 半生半熟rare 几乎是生的rarely adv. 不常eg. I rarely eat at home.scarce 缺乏的，罕见的，(在某一地方或某一时间段少有)scare resources稀缺资源Watermelon is scarce in winter。
The food is scarce during the war.战争期间食物短缺。
→牛排的“几分熟”用英语表达：How do you like your steak cooked? 你的牛排要几分熟?通常点牛排，或是在高级一点的餐厅点牛肉汉堡，服务生都会这样问你How do you like it cooked? 回答的方式也有几种：全熟是well done，七分熟是medium well，五分熟是medium，四分熟是medium rare，三分熟是rare。
2，ancient adj. 古代的，古老的an ancient civilization 古代文明ancient Egypt 古埃及3，myth n. 神话the Greek myths希腊神话（Greek希腊的，希腊语，希腊人，，，Greece 希腊）Legend n. 传奇story n. 故事（最广）novel n. 小说fable n. 寓言4，trouble（1）n. 麻烦have trouble with sb./sth. 与…..有摩擦eg. Jasper White had trouble with cars and their owners.Thank you for your trouble. 谢谢你费神。
新概念英语第二册Lesson28~30学习笔记
新概念英语第二册Lesson28~30学习笔记新概念英语第二册Lesson28学习笔记1 Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.贾斯珀.怀特是少有的相信古代神话的人之一。
(1)区别believe和believe in的用法，believe someone指“相信某人所为”，believe in someone指“信赖某人的为人可靠”或“相信某人将有所作为”。
(2)如果动词不是be，一般believe后用从句。
I believed (that) you belonged to that company.我相信你属于那家公司。
(3)当believe为被动语态时，后面习惯接不定式。
You are believed to be honest.2 have trouble with sth/sb 某物出了麻烦，与某人相处起来有困难I have trouble with my roommate.我和我的室友相处起来有些问题。
相关短语：get sb into trouble 使某人陷入困境 in trouble 陷入困境Nothing gives him more pleasure than helping someone in trouble.没有一件事要比协助陷入困境的人带给他更大的快乐。
3 复习一下定语从句的相关语法关系代词能够有四个概念：a.代人的，做主语或宾语who只做宾语的whomb.代物的，做主语或宾语 whichc.代人的也能够代物的做主语或宾语 thatd.whose其代表的东西由其在句子中的成分决定我有一个房子，房子的窗户都破了。
I have a house whose windows are broken.e.介词后不能够用thatThe school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾上学的学校很出名。
新概念第二册Lesson28(含有倒背如流图)
用法
（1）现在完成时用来表示过去发生过或完成的动作或状态,对现 在还有影响。 I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)
（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现 在的情
Jasper
has put up' No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. Jasper hopes that she will turn cars to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!
A
rose by any name would smell as sweet. 人或物不在乎其叫什么，而在于其实质。 A stitch in time saves nine. 小洞不补，大洞吃苦。
Lesson 28
No parking
Where can’t we park the cars?
rare a.
1. 罕见的 rare animal 稀有动物；rare bird 珍稀鸟类； rare illness 疑难杂症 on rare occasions 难得，不常 见 近义词： scarce adj. 缺乏的，不足的， 稀有的，不充足的（少有的，表示某个时间段或 某个地方少有）
新版 新概念英语二册讲义--28
Tom was born? B. which D. at where
• 【2010 河北中考】There are lots of things______ I need to prepare before the trip.
• A. who
B. that
• C. whom
D. whose
• 【2010 衢州中考】We are trying to help those children _____ lost their parents in Yushu, Qinghai Province.
• have an effect • have no effect • have effect on…
有效果 没有效果
对……有效果
• The advice has no effect on me.
effect v.
• 实现，引起
• 为了实现世界和平，人们做出了很多努力。 • A lot of efforts have been made to effect the
• n. 麻烦，烦恼，问题；毛病，故障
• What’s the trouble with you? • 你到什么麻烦了吗？
• I’m sorry to put you in trouble. 带来麻烦(口语)
我很抱歉给你
• ask for trouble 自找麻烦 • He is asking for trouble.
从不费神做…，不在乎
trouble v.
• v. 麻烦
• Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 永远不要自寻烦恼
• =Let sleeping dog lie. 不要自找麻烦 (let sb. do sth.)
新概念二Lesson 28 知识点整理
为此，他甚至一次也没能把自己的车开进车库。
4.Jasper has put up“No Parking”signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect.
贾斯伯怀特是少有的相信古代神话的人之一。
2.He has just bought a new house in the city，but ever since he moved in，he has had trouble with cars and their owners.
他刚在城里买下一所新房子，但自从他搬进来后，就和汽车及车主们发生了摩擦。
The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）
3.who，whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：
The girl who often helps me with my English is fromEngland.
This is the house in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.
请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？
新概念第二册lesson28详解
Lesson 28 No Parking词汇学习：★rare adj.罕见的, 珍贵的,It is rare to find such a genius nowadays. 这样的天才现在很少见。
A collector of rare insects will show us some of his latest discoveries. 一位稀有昆虫采集家将给我们看一些他的最新发现。
Parliament has passed an Act forbidding the killing of rare animals. 国会通过了一项法令，禁止捕杀珍稀动物。
rarely adv.很少, 难得I rarely have short drinks. 我很少喝烈性酒。
The country's car industry is so strongly protected that foreign cars are rarely seen there.该国对汽车工业严加保护，外国汽车甚为罕见。
The leader rarely shows herself in public. 这位领导她很少在公众场合露面。
★believe v.相信，认为；（in）信任I don't believe a single word he says. 他的话我一句也不信。
We believe Mr. Smith to be innocent. 我们认为史密斯先生是无辜的。
He did not believe in Howard's honesty. 他不相信霍华德为人真诚。
belief n.信念；信任believable a.可以相信的unbelievable a.不可相信的believer n. 信徒★ancient adj.古老的, 古代的反contemporary a.当代的；同时代的n.同代人，当代人modern a.现代的, 时髦的n.现代人, 时尚人士This is an ancient parable. 这是一个古老的寓言。
新概念第二册第28课
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words and expressions
rare adj. 罕见的 比较级: rarer 最高级: rarest 名词: rareness It is rare to find such a genius nowadays. 这样的天才现在很少见。 It was in the days when motorcars were rare. 那是在摩托车还罕见的时代。 珍稀鸟类 a rare bird rare animal 稀有动物 疑难杂症 rare illness Jay很少迟到。 It is rare for Jay to be late.
affect的意思是“对……产生影响，影响于……”。 The cold weather affected everybody's work. 冷空气对每个人的工作都有影响。 effective adj. 高效的，有效果的 effectiveness n.有效性；效力 I doubt the effectiveness of the medicine. 我怀疑这种药的有效性。
英 ['reərəti]美 ['rerəti]
Rarity n. 稀有；珍品；稀薄
因为罕见，这些邮票非常珍贵。
These stamps have great value because of their rarity.
ancient adj. 古代的, 古老的 This is an ancient parable. [ˈpærəbl] 这是一个古老的寓言。 This stone axe is a relic of ancient times. 这把石斧是古代的遗物。 Ancient Greece was a fountain of wisdom and philosophy. 古希腊是智慧和哲学的发源地. The ancient buildings are part of the national heritage. 这些古建筑是民族遗产的一部分. n.古人 The ancients believed that the sun and moon were planets. 古人相信太阳和月亮都是星球。 古埃及 ancient Egypt ancient history n. 古代史, <口>家喻户晓的故事
新概念英语第二册课堂笔记：第28课
新概念英语第二册课堂笔记：第28课新概念英语第二册课堂笔记：第28课Lesson 28☆New words and expressions☆rare adj.罕见（在世界上少有）rare animal 稀有动物rare bird 珍稀鸟类rare illness 疑难杂症scarce 少有的（在某一地方或某一时间段少有）Watermelon is scarce in wintercoconut 椰子steak 牛排well done 全熟medium 半生半熟rare 几乎是生的☆ancient adj.古代的，古老的ancient Egypt 古埃及antique adj.古老而有价值的n.古董☆myth n.神话故事fairy 神仙故事☆trouble n.麻烦woman/man troubles 女人/男人真麻烦child troubles 孩子真麻烦never trouble troubles until troubles trouble you 永远不要自寻烦恼Let sleeping dog lie. 不要自找麻烦ask for trouble 自找麻烦He is asking for trouble. 他自找麻烦I'm sorry to put you in trouble.我很抱歉给你带来麻烦（口语）have trouble in doing sth. 在做某事上遇到了麻烦I have trouble (in) parking the car☆effect n.结果have an effect 有效果have no effect 没有效果have effect on 对...有效果The advice has no effect on me.Text☆one of 其中之一one of 后面加可数名词的复数none of ,neither of 做主语时作单数看待☆believe in 信任，信仰（彻彻底底地相信）believe +sb 相信（某人的话）☆ever since =since☆have troub le doing 做...有麻烦have trouble with sb. 和某人相处有麻烦I have trouble with my roommate.☆in the morning 每天早上in the afternoon 每天下午at night 每天晚上☆park a car 停车☆because of 因为because 的后面加句子because of 的后面加词☆be able to 的主语一般都是人，表示有水平去做☆get sth. into 把...弄进get his car into his garageI drove the car into the wall.I drove the car into the tree.drive the car into 把车子撞上某地☆put up 张贴put up the picture on the wall 在墙上贴画☆not any = no☆I have ever done 一旦作定语从句修饰名词时，这个名词前面往往用级This is the most difficult thing I have ever done.This is the most terrible news I have ever heard.有两个结构一定是级1.of + 范围2.in + 地点He is the tallest in the room.3.I have ever 从句☆hope + that 从句☆turn sth. to 把前者变成后者turn the prince to a frogSpecial difficulties☆定语从句定语从句句子作定语，一般放在被修饰词后。
裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记-第二十八课汇编
单词学习rare1) adj. 稀有的，罕见的，不寻常的（rarer, rarest）not often happening or seen, unusualeg. He is a rare person. 他是个少见的人。
a rare book 珍本a rare plant 珍稀植物a rare butterfly 一只罕见的蝴蝶a rare visitor 稀客a rare edition 珍藏本It is rare + for (sb) + to do sth 某人很少做某事eg. It is rare for him to be absent. 他很少缺席。
2) adj. （气体等）稀薄的，稀疏的 thinthe rare air of the mountains 山里的稀薄空气3）adj. 半熟的，煮得嫩的I’d like my steak rare, please.我要的牛排要三、四分熟。
half-done 半熟well-done 全熟rarity ['reərɪti:] n. [c] 珍品，奇事 [u] 稀有rareness n. [u] (空气等)稀薄，稀有rarely adv. 不常（否定含义） not often, seldomI rarely eat in restaurants. I often cook myself.我很少到饭店里吃。
我一般都是自己做。
ancient adj. 古代的，古老的old adj. 老的，旧的，先前的an old lady 一个老太太an old church 一个古老的教堂an old friend 老朋友my old job 我以前的工作senior ['si:njə] adj. 较年长的，资深的←→junior ['dʒu:njə] adj.年少的,较年幼的；资历较浅的,地位较低的senior citizen 老人，退休的人the senior partner 大股东aged adj. （正式）年老的，体衰的（人）an aged gentleman 一位老人ancient adj. （仅物）远古的，古代的an ancient civilization 古代文明an ancient history 古代历史antique [æn'ti:k] adj. （仅物）古旧的，珍贵的antique furniture 古董家具an antique coin 古钱币myth n. 神话尤指与某一民族早期历史或信仰有关，或解释自然现象的故事。
新概念英语第二册：第28课课文详解及语法解析
新概念英语第二册：第28 课课文详解及语法解析课文详注Further notes on the text1. Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in an cie nt myths. 贾斯珀•怀特是少有的相信古代神话的人之一。
在第21 课的课文详注中，我们以前提到“ one of + 名词/代词” 这个结构，of 后面的名词必须是复数，但与这个结构连用的动词必须是单数：One of your friends is waiting for you now. 你的一位朋友正在等你。
课文中who代指的是one of those rare people ，所以动词用believes 。
2. …but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble withcars and their ow ners. .............. 但自从搬进去后，就和汽车及车主们发生了摩擦。
ever since 的语气比since 强，表示“从那以后一直，主句一般用完成时：I've been interested in flying ever since I was a boy.自从我的孩提时代起，我就对飞行一直感兴趣。
He left the village last year and has never returned ever since.他去年离开了这座村庄，从那以后一直没有回去过。
3. Jasper has put up ‘No Parking ' signs outside hisgate…贾斯珀曾把几块“禁止停车”的牌子挂在大门外边……put up 在这里表示“挂起”、“竖起”等意思4. Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone.贾斯珀希望她把汽车和司机们都变成石头。
新概念2 28课笔记
Lesson 28语法点：1.关于定语从句一、概念：像形容词一样，起修饰的作用，对名词或代词做进一步的修饰。
有关系词（关系代词和关系副词）来引导，放在被修饰的名词或代词（先行词）的后面，这就是定语从句。
二、引导定语从句的关系代词：who . whom . which . that . whose 等（1）who指人，在定语从句中做主语，有时可用that替换（尽量不用）eg:The girl who is drinking milk is Linda.正在喝奶的女孩是琳达。
The boy who often hits me isn’t my brother .经常打我的男孩不是我哥哥。
(2)whom在定语从句中做宾语，有时可用that 替换（尽量不用）eg:He is the boy whom you saw in the garden yesterday .他就是你昨天在公园里看到的男孩。
They aren’t the teachers whom you often meet .他们不是你经常看到的老师。
（3）that指物在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语，有时可与which替换。
eg: The doy that is sleeping is mine .正在睡觉的狗是我的。
This isn’t the book that I have just bought.这不是我刚刚买的书。
（4）which指物，在定语从句中既可以做主语，也可以做宾语，有时可与that替换。
eg: The apple which is in the bag is big .书包里的苹果是大的。
This is the new pen which he gave me .这就是他给我的新钢笔。
（5）whose既可以指人又可指物。
含义“…的”。
在定语从句中做定语，不可省略掉，whose 后面必须有名词。
指人时：whose = of whom指物时：whose = of which※eg: 他就是名字叫Jackson的老师。
新概念英语第二册第28课
him. 老师的话对他产生巨大的影响。
Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in anci ent myths. He has just bought a new house in the city, but ev er since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their o wners. When he returns home at night, he always finds that s omeone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even onc e. Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Me dusa, the Gorgon. jasper hopes that she will turn cars and th eir owners to stone. But none of them has been turned to sto ne yet!
新概念英语第二册-Lesson-28
return home 回家 park cars 停车 be able to do 能做…garage 车库
3. What trouble had Jasper have with cars and their owners?
When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once.
1. ever since… = since… 从那以后一直 （ever since的语气比since强，主句一般用完成时）
I’ve been interested in flying ever since I was a boy.
He left the village last year and has never returned ever since.
现在他把一个丑陋的石雕头像放在了大门上边， 这是我见过的最丑陋的头像之一。
Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen.
Medusa Gorgon 美杜莎
You can’t remember his name, because you aren’t really thinking.
because of 由于，介词短语，后面不可以跟从句，只能跟名词、 代词或动词“-ing”
新概念英语2 第28课(含清晰版背诵图)
9.A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk.
10.It contained $50. ‘ 11.I found this outside this gentleman's room,' she said.
12.'Well,' I said to the manager, 'there is still some honesty in this world!'
3.'I left the money in my room,' I said, 'and it's not there now.'
4.The manager was sympathetic,
5.but he could do nothing.
6.'Everyone's losing money these days,' he said. 7.He started to complain about this wicked world， 8.but was interrupted by a knock at the door.
If could be worse
不幸中之万幸
Lesson 24
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★manager n. 经理(用能力, 办事的)
boss n. 老板（有钱）
manager n. 经理（干事）
Head n.头儿、领导
表示 ①重要, ②关系亲密的人物
★upset adj. 不安(事发后)
A：Can you help me?
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Lesson 28 No parking禁止停车What is Jasper White's problem?Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. he has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!参考译文贾斯珀.怀特是少有的相信古代神话的人之一。
他刚在城里买下一所新房子，但自从搬进去后，就和汽车及车主们发生了磨擦。
当他夜里回到家时，总是发现有人把车停在他家大门外。
为此，他甚至一次也没能把自己的车开进车库。
贾斯珀曾把几块“禁止停车”的牌子挂在大门外边，但没有任何效果。
现在他把一个丑陋的石雕头像放在了大门上边，这是我见过的最丑陋的头像之一。
我问他那是什么？他告诉我那是蛇发女怪美杜莎。
贾斯珀希望她把汽车和车主们都变成石头。
但到目前为止还没有一个变成石头呢！rare1) adj. 稀有的，罕见的，不寻常的（rarer, rarest）not often happening or seen, unusualeg. He is a rare person. 他是个少见的人。
a rare book 珍本a rare plant 珍稀植物a rare butterfly 一只罕见的蝴蝶a rare visitor 稀客a rare edition 珍藏本It is rare + for (sb) + to do sth 某人很少做某事eg. It is rare for him to be absent. 他很少缺席。
2) adj. （气体等）稀薄的，稀疏的 thinthe rare air of the mountains 山里的稀薄空气3）adj. 半熟的，煮得嫩的I’d like my steak rare, please.我要的牛排要三、四分熟。
half-done 半熟well-done 全熟rarity ['reərɪti:] n. [c] 珍品，奇事 [u] 稀有rareness n. [u] (空气等)稀薄，稀有rarely adv. 不常（否定含义） not often, seldomI rarely eat in restaurants. I often cook myself.我很少到饭店里吃。
我一般都是自己做。
ancient adj. 古代的，古老的old adj. 老的，旧的，先前的an old lady 一个老太太an old church 一个古老的教堂an old friend 老朋友my old job 我以前的工作senior ['si:njə] adj. 较年长的，资深的junior ['dʒu:njə] adj.年少的, 较年幼的；资历较浅的, 地位较低的senior citizen 老人，退休的人the senior partner 大股东aged adj. （正式）年老的，体衰的（人）an aged gentleman 一位老人ancient adj. （仅物）远古的，古代的an ancient civilization 古代文明an ancient history 古代历史antique [æn'ti:k] adj. （仅物）古旧的，珍贵的antique furniture 古董家具an antique coin 古钱币myth n. 神话尤指与某一民族早期历史或信仰有关，或解释自然现象的故事。
the Greek myths 希腊神话the Roman myths 罗马神话legend ['ledʒənd] n. 传奇，传说Legend in the Fall 《秋天的传说》story n. 故事/ talenovel 小说folk-tale [‘fəukteil] 民间传说fable n. 寓言Aesop’s ['i:sɔp] Fables 伊索寓言mystery ['mistəri] n. 神秘的事物，谜，秘密the mysteries of nature 神秘感an air of mystery 神秘的气氛mythical ['mɪθɪkəl] adj. 神话的，神话式的，虚构的mythical heroes 神话中的英雄trouble1) n. 麻烦have trouble with sb / sth 与…有摩擦eg. Yesterday I had some trouble with a traffic policeman.昨天我和一个交警有点摩擦。
eg. Jasper White had trouble with cars and their owners.贾斯伯怀特和一些车以及车主有点摩擦。
eg. Thank you for your trouble. 谢谢你费神。
eg. No trouble at all. 哪儿的话，不麻烦。
2) n. 困难，苦恼，苦恼的原因，麻烦的人eg. What’s the trouble?怎么了？family troubles 家庭纠纷political troubles 政治纠纷eg. Her heart was full of troubles. 她非常苦恼。
have trouble in doing sth 做某事有困难，有麻烦have some trouble in doing sth 做某事有一定的难度have great trouble in doing sth 做某事有很大的难度have a little trouble in doing sth 做某事有一点困难（原讲课内容为：have little trouble in doing sth 有误，现已改正）have no trouble in doing sth 做某事没有困难have difficulty in doing stheg. With my help, you won’t have trouble in driving.有我帮忙，你开车不会有困难的。
ask for trouble 自讨苦吃 look for troublebe in trouble 有麻烦make trouble 惹麻烦The trouble is …糟糕的是，问题在于……3) v. 使某人苦恼，麻烦，烦劳eg. That student sometimes troubles the teacher with hard questions.那个学生有时会用一些很难的问题麻烦老师。
eg. She was troubled by the news of her mother’s illness.她对妈妈生病的事感到很苦恼。
eg. Sorry to trouble you. 不好意思，打扰你了。
trouble about 为某人担心 trouble overeg. Don’t trouble about that.别为那件事担心。
trouble to do sth 特意做某事eg. Don’t trouble to see me off at the station.你不用特意去车站送我了。
troubled adj. 混乱的eg. Fish in troubled water 趁火打劫，浑水摸鱼绕口令：Don’t trouble troubl es until trouble troubles you.直到麻烦来惹你之前，不要去惹麻烦。
effect [i'fekt]1) n. 效果，效应，影响have effect on sb / sth 对某人/某事产生影响eg. Did the medicine have any effect on patients? 这药对病人有效果吗？eg. The teacher’s words had a great effect on him.老师的话对他产生巨大的影响。
2） n. 结果cause 原因cause and effect 因果eg. His stomachache is an effect of overeating. 他胃疼是吃多了的结果。
stomachache [‘stʌmək,eɪk] 胃痛;腹痛personal effects 私人财产，随身携带的物品put sth into effect 使某物产生效果 bring sth into effectin effect 实际上eg. The vice-president is, in effect, the leader of the company.实际上，副总裁是公司的领导。
affect [ə'fekt] v. 对…影响，发生作用affect sb 影响某人 affect sth 影响某事eg. Their opinion will not affect my decision. 他们的观点不会影响我的决定。
eg. The ‘No Parking’ sign didn’t affect those drivers.禁止停车的标志并没有影响到那些司机。