Literature Review--sample1

Sample 1 A self-contained literature review
Stigma of Mental Illness
Stigmatization, a kind of social rejection, is a big challenge to the mentally ill. They are rejected by people because of the label they carry or that their behaviors indicate that they belong to a certain labeled group. However, many studies have proved that stigmatization of the mentally ill is caused by the public’s belief in myths about the dangerousness of the mentally ill and exposing those myths can reduce stigmatization. Pescosolido & Tuch (2000) examined the effects of descriptions of the targets’ behavior, causal attributions about the source of the behavior, the target’s perceived dangerousness, labeling and participants’socio-demographic characteristics. Their studies found that 20% of the participants labeled a target described with depressed symptoms as having a mental illness; 37% would be unwilling to interact with the depressed persons; and 33% felt that the depressed person would do violence to others. Thus, a common respond to the mentally ill are rejected and fear of violence; What are major causes for the rejection and fear, and can they be reduced? Corrigan, Rowan, Green, Lundin, River, Uphoff-Wasowski, White and Kubiak (2002) conducted two studies analyzing the causal processes in contact, fear and rejection. They designed two models to account for stigmatizing reactions and administered a questionnaire to 216 community colleges. This questionnaire contained items which would allow the examination of their attitudes to a mental patient when the variables of two models were involved and manipulated: personal responsibility and perceived dangerousness. Their studies demonstrated that contact with the mentally ill caused less rejection and fear. This finding is verified by Alexander and Link (2003). They conducted a telephone survey and found that, as a participant’s own life contact with mentally ill individuals increased, participants were both less likely to perceive a target mentally ill individual as physically dangerous and less likely to desire social distance from the target. This relationship remained after controlling for demographic and confound variables, such as gender, ethnicity, education, income and political conservatism. They also found that any type of contact---- with a friend, a spouse, a family member, a work contact, or a contact in a public place ---- with mentally ill individuals reduced perceptions of dangerousness of the target.
Reference
Alexander, L.A.,& Link, B.G.(2003). The impact of contact on stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness. Journal of Mental Health, 12, 271-289.
Corrigan, P. W., Rowan, D., Green, A., Lundin, R., River, P., Uphoff-Wasowski, K., White, K., & Kubiak, M.
A. (2002). Challenging two mental illness stigmas: Personality responsibility and dangerousness. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 28, 293-309.
Martin, J. K., Pescosolido, B. A., & Tuch, S. A. (2002). Of fear and loathing. The role of “disturbing behavior”labels, and causal attributions in shaping public attitudes toward people with mental illness. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41, 208-223.
Tasks:
1.Which sentences supply the background information about the literature review?
2.What is the objective of the literature review?
3.How many articles does the writer refer to in the review?
4.Which findings does each article give respectively?
5.Which sentences does the writer use to connect these findings?
文献综述具体内容包括：(注意运用connective or signal language 衔接以下内容)
1. Introductory beginning (background information or definition or what is the problem studied)；
2. Objective by reporting the past or previous studies on the topic；
3. Main findings or ideas by summarizing each article you have gathered or referred to；
4. Listing of your reference.。