Unit7-Modeling
Unit 7研究生英语读与写(第三版)-
of Ashford, several miles from his birthplace
of
of Folkestone.
Background information
Claude Bernard: (12 July 1813 – 10 February 1878) was a French physiologist. He was the first to define the term Milieu intérieur (now known as homeostasis, a term coined by Walter Bradford Cannon). Historian of science I. Bernard Cohen of Harvard University called Bernard “one of the greatest of all men of science.” Among many other accomplishments, he was one of the first to suggest the use of blind experiments to ensure the objectivity of scientific observations.
Background information
Jeremy Bentham: (15 February 1748 – 6 June 1832) was an
English philosopher, jurist and social reformer. He is regarded
The three R’s are: Reduction, Refinement, and Replacement.
英语教学法教程PPTunit7
If we spend a lot of time on pronunciation exercises, student interest may dwindle. So, teachers should move on to something else when pronunciation exercises no longer produce noticeable progress. Five to ten minutes of class time per meeting for as long as the need and willingness of the students last — this is a golden rule. (Bowen, 1985).
7. Stress and intonation are not important for beginning learners.
8. Students should learn Received Pronunciation (RP).
9. Stress in pronunciation is sometimes as important as grammar.
3. Students need to know phonetics in order to learn English. Factors that decide whether
4. Poor pronuncipartioonnumncaiyatcioanusneeperdosbslpeemcsiafloarttthenetlieoanr:ning of other skills.
Production practice
Listen and repeat Fill in the blanks.
新标准大学英语综合教程4 Unit3
Unit 3Section I Listening ComprehensionI.Short conversationsDirections：In this section you’ll hear some short conversations. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.1. A. She had practiced a lot。
B. She had paid high fees.C。
She had modeling experiences。
D. She complained to the right person。
A2。
A。
The man speaks favorably of it, while the woman speaks unfavorably.B. The woman speaks favorably of it，while the man speaks unfavorably.C. Both the man and the woman speak favorably of it。
D。
Neither the man nor the woman speaks favorably of it。
A3. A. Only vegetables and fruits.B。
A lot of fish and meat.C。
Traditional diets.D。
New diets。
D4. A. She’s a blonde.B。
She envies a blonde’s white skin。
C。
She looks dark and unattractive。
D。
She looks brown and attractive。
D5. A. Business。
B。
False pride.C。
Model7english
Model 7Unit 11.She is proud to have taken part in competitions and to have broken a record.2.Her ambition is to become part of the national team.3.I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.4.It is difficult to know what the future holds.5.Every time I returned after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind the others.6.My life is a lot easier at high school because my fellow students have accepted me.7.The few who can not see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignorethem.8.I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.9.To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile.10.In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become moreindependent.11.I have to work hard to live a normal life but it has been worth it.12.Don’t feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them, and don’t ignore them either. Just accept them forwho they are and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.13.She has to adapt to training programmes as well as mixing with other able-bodied athletes.14.I hope you will not mind me writing to ask if you have thought about the needs of disabled customers.15.In particular, I wonder if you have considered the following things.16.This would allow hearing-impaired customers to enjoy the company of their hearing friends rather thanhaving to sit in a special area.17.I hope my suggestions will meet with your approval.18.I am sorry to have kept you waiting.19.I was supposed to have finished all my shopping by now.Unit 21.He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice although his facial expression neverchanged.2.It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.3.It was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.4.She wasn’t like Gladys Claffern, one of the richest and most powerful women around.5.Claire borrowed a pile of books from the library for him to read, or rather, scan.6.She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page and suddenly reached for his hand.7.How awful to be discovered by her.8.By the amused and surprised look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having anaffair.9.Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.10.The clock struck eight.11.Tony freed her and disappeared from sight.12.It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window.13.The women were impressed by Claire, the house and the delicious cuisine.14.What a sweet victory to be envied by those women.15.He had prevented Claire from harming herself through her own sense of failure.16.You cannot have women falling in love with machines.17.At the age of nine, when his mother was pregnant with her third child, Asimov started workingpart-time in the store.18.It was when Asimov was eleven years old that his talent for writing became obvious.19.From that moment he started to take himself seriously as a writer.20.It was loosely based on the fall of the Roman EmpireUnit 31.It was a time when the killer whales helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were an theirannual migration.2.We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the waterand then crashing down again.3.Without pausing we jumped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay.4.I look down into the water and could see Old Tom swimming by the boat, showing us the way.5.There was Tom, circling back to the boat, leading us to the hunt again.6.George told me, pointing towards the hunt.7.He let it go and the harpoon hit the spot.8.Being badly wounded, the whale soon died.9.Within a moment or two, its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea.10.In the meantime, Old Tom, and the others are having a good feed on its lips and tongue.11.The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat.12.I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.13.It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James.14.I couldn’t believe my eyes.15.Whales are now an endangered species and in need of conservation.16.There were two grey reef sharks, which suddenly appeared from behind some coral.Unit 41.Thanks for your letter, which took a fortnight to arrive.2.I know you’re dying to hear all about my life here.3.The classrooms are made of bamboo and the roofs of grass.4.It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track.5.There is no electricity or water and even no textbooks either.6.Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back totheir villages after Year 8 anyway.7.To be honest , I doubt whether I am making any difference to these boys’ lives at all.8.We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we hadfantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.9.We shook hands with all the villagers.10.a low bamboo hut with grass sticking out of the roof11.There was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep on.12.I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I couldn’tparticipate in the conversation.13.It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.14.The gift covers the cost of production and distribution of seedlings.Unti 51.It was the first time she had ever left her motherland.2.How difficult do you think it is to adjust to the customs of another country?3.I didn’t know what to expect.4.She is half way through the preparation year, which most foreign students complete before applying fora degree course.5.The preparation course is most beneficial.6.“They don’t talk like they do on our listening tapes.” She said, laughing.7.I was numb with shock.8.More importantly, I am now a more autonomous learner.9.She feels much more at home in England now.10.I have been so occupied with work that I haven’t had time for social activities.11.We will follow Xie Lei’s progress in later editions of this newpaper.12.Sara acknowledged her mistake and made an apology immediately.13.Xie lei found she could adjust to the routine of life in England because her host family were so helpful.14.The Andes Mountains run parallel to the coast.15.In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca, the highest lake in the world.。
八上Unit7阅读课课件
Answer the questions.
1. What do the robots look like in the movies? Human servants. 2. What can the robots do for people?
They help with the housework and do jobs like working in dirty or dangerous places.
robots
in movies today Para.4 in the future
think
F 1.Some scientists believe that there will be
more robots in a short time. T 2. Robots will have different shapes in the future. F 3. Human robots can help look for people under the buildings.
play the piano
do dangerous work
Fast reading（初听快读）
Listen and match each paragraph with the question it discusses.
Para.1 Para.2 Para.3 Para.4
Will robots think like humans in the future? (think) What will robots be like in the future?
2d Fill in the blanks in this paragraph with words from the article.
牛津版英语七年级上—作文指导—期末模拟
1. 写作指导Unit 1Lucy’s holiday planUnit 2Taking care of your new puppiesUnit 3 A letter to your penfriendUnit 4 A survey on jobsUnit 5The Lis’ new flatUnit 6Life in different seasonsUnit 7Finding signsUnit 8 A report on habitsUnit 9Kitty’s letter about the festivalUnit 10My birthday partyUnit 11 A letter for the food projectUnit 1, Unit 3, Unit 9, Unit 11都属于应用文范畴。
Unit 1Lucy’s holiday planYou are Lucy. You want to write a letter to Kitty about your holiday plan for the Spring Festival. Write about:1)Who is going to travel to Garden City with you?2)When are you going to visit?3)How long are you going to stay?4)How are you going to travel to Garden City?5)Which place would you like to visit?这是一篇应用文，注意时态，使用恰当的方位介词。
Unit 3 A letter to your penfriendUnit 9Kitty’s letter about the festivalUnit 11 A letter for the food project这是一篇应用文;书信。
牛津高中英语模块7 m7u1project 课件
Write the outline梗概，大纲，提纲of the passage.
Part 1(Para1-2) __In_t_r_o_d_u_c_ti_o_n__to the Amish way of life
Part 2(Para3-6) __D_i_s_a_d_v_a_n_ta_g_e_s__of the telephone
As we all know, every coin has two sides. First, it is believed that middle school students are too young to control themselves. What’s worse, it is a waste of time to play games or send short messages.
eye-catching 引人注目的
Do you have a mobile phone? What do you often use it for besides making calls?
taking photos
listening to music
surfing on the Internet
Writing structure
• Introduction • Advantages / evidence • Disadvantages / evidence • Conclusion
【题目要求】 现在，很多学生带手机(mobile phone)上学。为此，某 英语报在你校组织了一场讨论。讨论的主题：中学生是 否有必要带手机去学校。请你给报社写一封信，介绍它 的利弊。
用适当的介词填空。 1)I shall vote __fo_r_ (for/against) Bert because I think he’s the best man. 2)As we can’t reach an agreement on this matter, let’s vote _o_n_ (down/out/on) it.
三维设计英语试题及答案
三维设计英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is NOT a common 3D modeling software?A. AutoCADB. SketchUpC. PhotoshopD. Blender2. The process of creating a 3D model is known as:A. RenderingB. ModelingC. TexturingD. Lighting3. What does UV mapping refer to in 3D design?A. The process of applying colors to a 3D modelB. The process of mapping a 2D image onto a 3D modelC. The process of creating a wireframeD. The process of adding details to a 3D model4. Which of the following is NOT a type of 3D printing material?A. PLAB. ABSC. InkD. Resin5. In 3D animation, what does 'keyframe' mean?A. The starting point of an animationB. A point in time where an object's position is setC. The end point of an animationD. The speed at which an object moves6. What is the term for the process of making a 3D model appear more realistic by adding surface details?A. SmoothingB. SubdivisionC. DisplacementD. Extrusion7. Which of the following is a unit of measurement used in 3D design?A. PixelB. MeterC. KilogramD. Bit8. What does LOD stand for in 3D modeling?A. Level of DetailB. Line of DefenseC. Light of DayD. Long Overdue9. In 3D design, what is the purpose of a 'rig'?A. To create a skeleton for a characterB. To set the lighting of a sceneC. To define the camera's viewD. To apply textures to a model10. What is the term used to describe the process of converting a 3D model into a 2D image?A. ProjectionB. ExtrusionC. TexturingD. Rendering二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）11. The ________ is a tool in 3D modeling software that allows you to move objects around in the workspace.(答案: Move Tool)12. When creating a 3D model, the first step is usually to create a basic shape known as a ________.(答案: Primitive)13. The process of adding color and texture to a 3D model is called ________.(答案: Texturing)14. In animation, the ________ is the main character or object that the story revolves around.(答案: Protagonist)15. The ________ is the process of adjusting the camera angle and position to frame a scene.(答案: Camera Setup)16. To create a 3D model of a complex object, you may need to use a technique called ________.(答案: Boolean Operations)17. The ________ is the process of adding motion to a 3D model.(答案: Animation)18. In 3D printing, the ________ is the layer-by-layer process of building an object.(答案: Additive Manufacturing)19. The ________ is a tool in 3D modeling software that allows you to modify the shape of a model by dragging points. (答案: Sculpt Tool)20. When a 3D model is complete, it is often saved in a file format that ends with the extension ________.(答案: .obj)三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）21. Explain the difference between a 'polygon mesh' and a'NURBS' in 3D modeling.(答案: A polygon mesh is a collection of vertices, edges, and faces that form a 3D shape. It is commonly used in video games and animation. NURBS, on the other hand, stands for Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines and is a mathematical model used to create smooth, curved surfaces. It is often used in industrial design and automotive applications.)22. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a'real-time rendering' engine in 3D animation?(答案: Advantages of real-time rendering include theability to see the final product as you work, which can save time and provide immediate feedback. It is also computationally less intensive than pre-rendering. Disadvantages include potential limitations in visual quality compared to pre-rendered scenes, and the fact that it may。
新生代英语高级教程2+Unit+3
新⽣代英语⾼级教程2+Unit+3教案课程名称新⽣代英语⾼级教程2课时班级专业教师系部教研室教材《新⽣代英语⾼级教程2》1教学计划教学单元Unit3“How much is the rent?”单元主题●Renting a house课时安排8教学内容●Show Time“How much is the rent?”●ReadingFor rent●Chat TimeI’ve just invested in a property.●WritingA post for rent●GrammarWould rather,had better●My StoryWhere I live教学⽬标教学活动建议Warm-up To get students to talkabout the main topicof this unit in acomfortable andrelaxed manner●Explain to students that the focus of thisunit is on renting property and services.●Ask students to tell you what they knowabout renting a property,such as:Whatwould you need to do first,if you want torent a house?●Organize students into pairs.Give themseveral minutes to complete the task.●Check answers around the class.Focus onthe correct pronunciation of the newwords and expressions.2Vocabulary Builder A and BTo teach students newvocabulary related torenting a house ●Have students listen and repeat the words and the expression,teaching the definitionfor each one.You can check theircomprehension by asking questions,suchas:What is the agreement you sign whenyou rent a house?(lease)What do we calla person who owns a rental property?(landlord)What substance is burned forheating?(gas)●Once students seem comfortable with thenew words and the expression,have themcomplete Exercise B and then switchbooks.Go through the answers,calling ondifferent students each time.Correct anyerrors.●If you want to,you can start each classwith a short spelling test,which worksquite well as a warm-up.CTo improve students’listening and comprehension skills ●Tell students they will hear a conversation in which a woman tells her friend abouther new place.●You may need to go over a few words inthe conversation,such as utilities,downtown and App.You can write thesewords on the blackboard and askquestions,such as:Which word means thecommercial part of the city?(downtown)Which word means useful householdthings such as water,gas and electricity?(utilities)Which word is a softwareprogram?(App)●Play the audio,twice if necessary.Pausethe audio so that students have time to fillin the blanks.DTo improve students’speaking and comprehension skills●Ask students to look at the picture andelicit what it is(a layout plan of anapartment).●Challenge students to see who can be thefirst to correctly label the plan.●Check answers around the class,focusingon the correct pronunciation of the targetlanguage.3Show Time ATo teach studentsspeaking skillsthrough the use ofpictures ●Tell students to look at the pictures andask some basic comprehension questions,such as:Who are these people?Where arethey?What are they doing?●Ask students to guess what happened inthis video and to match the pictures to thesentences according to their ownunderstanding.●Have students watch the video in itsentirety.Ask them to check their answerswith a partner.B,C and DTo improve students’listening comprehension through the use of video ●For Exercise B,ask students to read through each statement and to decide if itis true or false.●For Exercise C,play the video again.Havefour students read out the conversation.You can also have students rewrite theconversation,using the words andexpressions learned in this unit.●For Exercise D,have students readthrough each sentence and choose thecorrect word.●Check the answers for Exercises B,C,andD.Students can exchange books andlisten as you go through the answers.Reading A,B and CTo improve students’readingcomprehensionExercise A●Get students to glance at the ads and tellyou what are for rent,referring to thepictures and titles.●Read the rubric and give students severalminutes to complete the task.Stress thatthey do not need to understand everysingle word in order to match thesentences to the ads.●Check answers around the class. Exercise B●Ask students to read the ads morethoroughly.Encourage students to refer toWORDS&EXPRESSIONS.●Read the rubric,stressing that studentsmust complete the sentences with amaximum of three words.●Allow students to check their answers with4a partner before conducting classfeedback.Exercise C●Get students to choose the best answer toeach question.●Check answers around the class.D,E and FTo review the useful words and expressions Exercise D ●Read the words in the boxes aloud,modeling correct pronunciation andgetting students to repeat after you.●Monitor as students complete thesentences,offering support wherenecessary.●Fast finishers can write their examplesentences using the words.●Check answers around the class. Exercise E●Read the rubric.Elicit the opposite of“danger”(safety)and do the first sentencetogether as an example.●Ask students to complete the rest of thetask alone.Be on hand to offer supportwhere needed.●Check answers around the class.Helpstudents remember the new language byasking questions,such as:Do youexercise regularly?What traditional fooddo you eat during the Spring Festival? Exercise F●Direct students’attention to the wordsearch.●Organize students into groups.Challengethem to see who can be the first tocomplete it.●As a possible extension task,get studentsto write sentences containing the wordsfrom this activity.Beyond the TextTo improve students’critically thinking abilityExercise A●Focus students’attention on the poster andnominate a student to read it aloud.●Check students’understanding by askingquestions,such as:Why might someonerent a laptop?(They can’t afford to buy5one.)When is the best time to rent alaptop?(Before the summer holiday,asthere is a discount.)●Read the rubric /doc/c3c52ead0b12a21614791711cc7931b764ce7b65.html anize students into pairs.Give them several minutes todecide on the product they want toadvertise,and then ask them to take notes.●Circulate as students design their posters.Encourage them to refer to the exampleposter.●Check the wording of students’posters.Ifthere is time,students should decoratetheir posters to make them as attractive aspossible.Display students’work on theclassroom wall.Exercise B●Read the rubric aloud.Elicit the meaning of the term“sharing economy”.(An economic system in which property and assets are shared or exchanged between individuals.)●Organize students into small groups.Ask them to discuss and to make a list of the pros and cons of sharing economy.●Monitor student’s discussions,prompting them where necessary and taking notes of any particularly interesting ideas.●Conduct class feedback.Generate as much discussion as possible and write any new language on the blackboard.Chat Time To improve students’listening,speaking,writing and actingskills through the useof conversationExercises A&B●For Exercise A,explain to students that they will hear a conversation in whichtwo people discuss property investment. Introduce the key words for this conversation.●Tell students to listen carefully and to write down what they hear in the blanks.If necessary,pause the audio so that students have time to write.●Have students practice talking about housing using the questions in Exercise B.●Have students read through LANGUAGE 6Writing To improve students’writing skills andlearn to write a postExercise A●Tell students that they are going to learn how to write a post looking for a roommate.●Focus students’attention on Greg’s post. Read the post as a class.Ask questions to check students’understanding,such as: How many bedrooms does Greg’s apartment have?How much is the rent? What kind of roommate is he looking for?●Ask students to read Marco’s reply and get them to complete the three boxes.●Allow students to check their answers witha partner before conducting class feedback.Exercise B●Focus students’attention on the words and expressions in the boxes.Allow them to check the meanings of any unfamiliar ones.●Read the rubric aloud and ask students to complete the task.●Check answers around the class. NOTE,which teaches idioms related to eggs.Ask students if they know any other idioms related to food.Exercise C●Read the rubric.Focus students’attention on the pros and cons of buying and renting a property.Discuss these as a class,and allow students to ask questions about any unfamiliar language.●Ask two confident students to readEXAMPLE aloud.Get students toperform the role-play in pairs.Circulate, noting down examples of good language you hear,and also writing down any issues to address in the class feedback session.●Conduct class feedback.Nominate a pair to perform their role-play to the rest of the class.7Exercise C●Tell students to match the two halves to make sentences which would typically be found in posts seeking roommates.●Challenge students to see who can be the first to complete the task.●Read the sentences around the class.Ask students to rewrite the sentences so that they could be true for them and their apartments.Exercise D●Read the rubric aloud.Encourage students to refer to the previous exercises to help them write their posts.●Circulate as students write their posts, offering support where necessary.●Display students’posts on the wall.Get students to choose the one they find most attractive and to explain why they chose it.Grammar To teach students howto use would ratherand had betterExercise A●Start by explaining that we use wouldrather to express a preference.Write an example on the blackboard,such as:I would rather eat a hamburger than a hot dog.Tell students that we say the thingwe want to do first.Ask students to comeup with their example sentences.●Explain that we use had better to give strong advice to someone.Write an example on the blackboard,such as:You had better study for the test.Ask studentsto come up with their example sentences.●Once students seem comfortable with the grammar,have them complete the exercise and then switch books to correct their mistakes.Exercise B●Get students to remind you of the difference between would rather and had better.●Ask students to skim the conversation and look at the pictures.Ask questions to8check understanding,such as:Why does Freya not like her roommate?What do Freya and Tracy decide to do?What would you do in this situation?●Read the rubric and get students to complete the task.Allow students tocheck their answers with a partner. Nominate a couple of confident studentsto perform the conversation to the rest of the class.My Story To improve students’listeningcomprehension andspeaking abilitythrough the use ofvideo Exercises A&B●Tell students that they will see a video in which real people talk about where they live.●Play the video and have students complete the true or false statements in Exercise A.In some cases,you may need to pause the video to help students.●Have students tell you the answers, correcting any mistakes.Play the video again and have students answer the questions in Exercise B,pausing the videoif necessary.Check students’answers, correcting any mistakes.Exercise C●Read the questions aloud.Give students several minutes to think about how they’ll answer each question and to take some notes.●Organize students into pairs to ask each other questions and to share their answers. Nominate a few students to report back on their partners’answers.课后学习设计作业◆Finish all the exercises in Unit3.◆Read the text in this unit again and try to summarise its content.◆Write a post for rent.课后总结与反思9补充教学资源Vocabulary Builder参考译⽂男：新房⼦怎么样？⼥：我感觉还不错。
牛津高中英语模块七unitproject公开课演示文稿
Step 3 careful reading
1.Is there any religious reasons for the Amish’s rule?
No . In truth ,whenever a new technology is introduced ,the Amish meet and discuss Its advantages and disadvantages
Getting to know the author’s craft Write the outline of the passage. Part 1(Para1-2)
Part 2(Para3-6)
Part 3(Para7-8)
Write the outline of the passage.
Part 1(Para1-2) Introduction to the Amish way of life Part 2(Para3-6) Disadvantages of the telephone Part 3(Para7-8) Possible solutions
taking photos making a phone call
surfing the Internet
sending short messages listening to music (pictures)
playing games
Lead-in
As we know, mobile phones have become part of people’s life and it has been argued that mobile phones may be harmful to us for many years.
剑桥青少版Unit 7(课堂PPT)
Vocabulary: Jobs
5a: Match the
names of the
jobs with the
pictures. Write
1-10 in the
boxes. Then listen, check and repeat.
1 engineer 2 teacher 3 nurse 4 vet
• Listening tips: • 在听力中要注意连接词句和重要信息提示句，其后
往往有重要内容，要边听边记录下这些重要内容。 • Reading tips: • 带着问题读文章，提高阅读效率
Thank you!
17
business person.
Vocabulary: Jobs
• computer programmer 电脑编程师 • dentist 牙医 • doctor 医生 • engineer 工程师 • film star 电影明星 • flight attendant
空中乘务员
Vocabulary: Jobs
leave school I’d like Maths and Physics have to do Jenny: What do you want to be when you 1leave school . Mark : I want to 2 be a pilot . Jenny: Really? What do you 3 have to do for that? Mark : Well, you have to 4 get good school results and you
So if the answer to the question isn’t talent, what is the answer?
英语听力教程第三版(张民伦主编)Unit 7 A Kaleidoscope of Culture听力原文
Unit 7 A Kaleidoscope of CulturePart I Getting readyMew York is one of the most important cities in the world. It is not only a center for business, but also a center for music and art. It has many famous buildings and places of interest. And it, too, has jot its nickname. What is itAudioscript：A：Are you ready for the trip to the museum in "the Big Apple" I can hardly wait.B："The Big Apple" What are you talking aboutA："The Big Apple" is the nickname for New York City. You are going to New York with us, aren't youB：Yes, I'm going. I'm especially looking forward to seeing the Museum of Modern Art. There's a special show of 20th centuryAmerican painters there. But, tell me, where did the nickname"the Big Apple" come fromA：The jazz musicians of the 1920s are responsible for the name.When they played a concert in a city, they called that city an apple.Of course New York was the biggest city in the country and best place for a jazz concert. So the musicians called it "The BigApple".B：Amazing! New York is such a fascinating place and it even has an interesting nickname, one that it's had for more than 50 years.Britain is famous for its pubs, where you can sample a pint of British beer, enjoy good-value bar meals and savor the friendly atmosphere. The pub boasts an excellent range of hot and cold bar snacks or a wide selection of home-cooked meals with a warm and relaxed atmosphere.Audioscript：There are visitors who come to England and leave thinking they have never been inside a pub. They don't realize that the words "pub" or "public house" are rarely included in the title of the place. So how do you know whether a building is a pub and what does a pub offer the visitorThe first thing to look for is a large sign either hanging over the street or placed on a pole outside the building. This sign may have a name like The Kings Arms, The Black Rabbit or The Duke ofKendal or an appropriate picture. Many pubs have names linked to royalty, popularheroes, sports or great occasions. There is a pub called The Concorde after the new airliner.On the doors of a pub you may see the words Saloon Bar or Public Bar. The Saloon Bar is more comfortably furnished. Occasionally the words Free House can be seen beside the name of the pub. This doesn't mean they serve free food and drink; it refers to the fact that the pub doesn't buy its drinks from one particular brewery only. It isn't a "tied house" -- tied to a brewery.The services a pub offers vary around the country. The basic service is the sale of alcoholic drink at certain times of the day. Opening times, as these periods are often called, are usually from 10.30 a.m. to 3 p.m. and from 6 p.m. to 11 p.m. on weekdays. On Sundays the opening times are 12 noon until 2 p.m. and 7-10.30 p.m. although these times can vary slightly according to the region. Pubs can also offer food and accommodation. To help visitors, an experimental system of symbols has been tried out in Southern England and East Anglia. These symbols indicate just what is available from a particular pub.Part II Times squareTimes Square is in the heart of New York City. Every year, Times Square is the center of worldwide attention on New Year's Evebecause of the rooftop celebrations to usher in the New Year. Apart from that, there are some other things that make Times Square famous.Audioscript："Times Square is New York." Those are the words of the head of the Times Square Alliance, a coalition of area businesses. The millions of visitors to Times Square each year would probably agree. The area has one of the most recognizable names in the world. But, Times Square is not really a square. It is the name for the area around where Broadway crosses 42nd Street in Manhattan. The Times Square area stretches more than ten blocks north to south. The borders to the east and west are uneven. Some people call the shape of the area a bow tie.Times Square gets its name from The New York Times newspaper. In 1904, the newspaper began to build its headquarters in what was then called Long Acre Square. The city's underground train system built a stop under the Times Tower. The city renamed the area Times Square. On December 31st, 1904, the newspaper held a big celebration in Times Square to welcome the New Year. Fireworks lit the sky. Celebrations have taken place every year since then. Now, crowds also watch a big glass ball slide down a pole as the New Year arrives.Hundreds of businesses are in Times Square. The alliance says twenty percent of all hotel rooms in New York City are in Times Square. It says Times Square also has about six and one-half million square meters of office space. And more is being built.Times Square is home to famous Broadway theaters. And several television companies have studios there. MTV is one of them. Times Square is probably most famous for its huge colorful signs. The alliance says Times Square is the only place in New York where businesses are required to use them.Audioscript：It is another typical morning in Times Square: Taxi cabs blare their horns, 15 foot billboards look down over throngs of people hurrying by, and in the middle of it all, members of a smash Broadway musical climb up on a stage to dance and sing for the tourists.The entertainment is being organized by the Times Square Business Improvement District, the people responsible for making the area as welcoming to tourists as possible. Right now, the square is crowded and business is booming. So much so, in fact, that several sidewalks had to be widened recently to cope with the increase in visitors. Andsome New Yorkers are even pushing for the entire area to be off limits to traffic: modeling Times Square after a European plaza.It has not always been this way. Until a decade or so ago, Times Square had the well-deserved reputation of a seedy neighborhood teeming with prostitutes and drug dealers. A sizeable part of the area's economy came from stores selling pornography or cheap knock-off goods. The city government neglected the area, spending little of its tourism budget on improvements.But today, theaters, restaurants and upscale stores have replaced the sex shops. A thriving partnership between City Hall and private businesses, such as Disney Company, has revitalized Times Square.The current mayor of New York City, Rudy Giuliani, has made it a priority to clean up the area. Crime rates have declined and visitors feel a lot safer on the square. Part of that effort has involved the Times Square Business Improvement District and its President, Brendan Sexton.Mr. Sexton and his colleagues are launching a new line of Times Square clothing and accessories which, they hope, will compete with everything else on offer to visitors to New York. Instead of just passing through Times Square and stopping only to take a picture of all theflashing lights and neon signs, Mr. Sexton hopes tourists will stop and shop, and bring a little piece of the revitalized Times Square home with them.Part III Americans love chocolate Chocolate is one of the most popular holiday gifts. Gifts of chocolate molded into different shapes have become traditional on certain holidays. Chocolate bunnies and eggs are popular on Easter, chocolate coins on Hanukkah, snowmen and other holiday symbols on Christmas, and chocolate hearts or chocolate in heart-shaped boxes on Valentine's Day. Chocolate most commonly comes in dark, milk, and white varieties, with cocoa solids contributing to the brown color.Audioscript：Chocolate is as big a part of American culture as baseball and apple pie. But its roots run much deeper.Cheri Friedman knows how much America loves chocolate. She isco-owner of Kron Chocolatiers, a small, gourmet chocolate shop that opened 32 years ago in Washington, D.C."I think it's one of the best comfort foods there is. It's easy to eat. It melts in your mouth. There's a warm sensation. "Friedman says she takes pride in the fact that Kron's chocolates are made with the finest ingredients, right on the premises.Americans' love of chocolate has helped to make it a big business in this country. Mark Sesler is senior vice president of marketing at Russell Stover Candies, one of the largest manufacturers of chocolate in the United States.According to Sesler, the industry got its start in the early 1900s with small-scale chocolatiers such as Steven Whitman, and Claire and Russell Stover. They started with small stores -- much like Kron -- but soon expanded their business into broader markets -- thanks, Sesler notes, to an important technological advance."It's the advent of refrigeration that has really made the availability of chocolate very prevalent throughout the United States. I think chocolate has secured its place as a delectable treat for a number of societies and a number of countries. So I think we're just one of many countries who enjoy the delicacy that is chocolate."Susan Fussell is spokesperson for the National Confectioner's Association, a trade group that represents virtually everyone who's involved in the production and sale of candy in the United States.And why does Fussell think chocolate is so universally popular"Well there's really nothing like chocolate ... One of the main ingredients in chocolate is cocoa butter. And cocoa butter melts at body temperature. So when you put chocolate in your mouth, it has a mouth feel that's unlike any other food that you eat. It has thatmelt-in-your-mouth sensation right there on your tongue, and it is very hard to approximate that with any other food."Audioscript：Chocolate is as big a part of American culture as baseball and apple pie. But its roots run much deeper.Made from the seed of the tropical cacao tree, chocolate dates back at least 3 000 years to the ancient civilizations of Central and South America, where the cacao tree is native. The Aztec people valued the tree's cocoa beans so much, they used them as currency.In what is now Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, in the southwestern United States, new archaeological evidence shows that people were eating chocolate here more than 1 000 years ago.And they're still at it. Today, the average American eats almost 5 kilograms of chocolate each year.Cheri Friedman knows how much America loves chocolate. She isco-owner of Kron Chocolatiers, a small, gourmet chocolate shop that opened 32 years ago in Washington, D.C."I think it's one of the best comfort foods there is. It's easy to eat. It melts in your mouth. There's a warm sensation. "Friedman says she takes pride in the fact that Kron's chocolates are made with the finest ingredients, right on the premises.Americans' love of chocolate has helped to make it a big business in this country. Mark Sesler is senior vice president of marketing at Russell Stover Candies, one of the largest manufacturers of chocolate in the US.According to Sesler, the industry got its start in the early 1900s with small-scale chocolatiers such as Steven Whitman, and Claire and Russell Stover. They started with small stores -- much like Kron -- butsoon expanded their business into broader markets -- thanks, Sesler notes, to an important technological advance."It's the advent of refrigeration that has really made the availability of chocolate very prevalent throughout the United States. I think chocolate has secured its place as a delectable treat for a number of societies and a number of countries. So I think we're just one of many countries who enjoy the delicacy that is chocolate."Susan Fussell is spokesperson for the National Confectioner's Association, a trade group that represents virtually everyone who's involved in the production and sale of candy in the US.Fussell says that although the US is the largest total consumer of chocolate, it is not first in terms of per-capita consumption."In fact, we come in somewhere around No. 12, and that's because, of course, there are so many countries in Europe that have even more of an established culture around chocolate -- if you can imagine -- than we do in the United States."And why does Fussell think chocolate is so universally popular "Well there's really nothing like chocolate ... One of the main ingredients in chocolate is cocoa butter. And cocoa butter melts at bodytemperature. So when you put chocolate in your mouth, it has a mouth feel that's unlike any other food that you eat. It has thatmelt-in-your-mouth sensation right there on your tongue, and it is very hard to approximate that with any other food."But that melt-in-your-mouth sensation comes at a price. Chocolate as we know it today is made with lots of sugar and milk, both very high in calories. That's given chocolate a rather bad reputation among nutritionists.In recent years, however, research has proved that chocolate, particularly dark chocolate, is also naturally rich in cancer-fighting antioxidants -- a fact that chocolate manufacturers like Russell Stover are happily promoting.But no matter the preference, Fussell says when it comes to holidays, chocolate is king, especially on Valentine's Day, every February 14th. That's a day when people all across the country express their love for one another with gifts, flowers, cards and -- more often than not -- chocolates."Valentine's Day itself, February 14th, is the single largest sales day during the year for sales of boxed chocolates."Part IV More about the topic:BullfightingSpain has become internationally known for its bullfighting, a tradition that spawns debate in many parts of the world and within Spain itself. Fans of bullfighting claim that it is a culturally important tradition, while animal rights activists argue that it is a blood sport due to the suffering of bulls involved.Audioscript：Bullfighting is seen as a symbol of Spanish culture.It traces its roots to prehistoric worshiping and sacrificing of bulls.A carpenter's assistant from the town of Ronda, Spain, Francisco Romero invented the "muleta," or red cape, used to lure the bull past the matador's body. Legend has it Romero rescued a young nobleman by using his flat-brimmed Andalusian hat to lure away an irate bull. Thus was born the modern bullfight. He was the founding father of a bullfighting dynasty, fundamental for bullfighting history. He was apparently the inventor of several characteristics that started to be used in a key period for bullfighting when the modern on foot system was defined, as the use of the cape and sword to kill the bull face to face. The bullfight, known in Spain as the "corrida," was first launched as an official spectacle sport in 1133. at the coronation of King Alfonso VIII,and steadily gained in popularity through the years of the Reconquest of Moorish Spain.A typical Spanish bullfight requires six bulls and three matadors, and is divided into three parts. If the matador has done exceptionally well, the audience will give a standing ovation and throw hats and roses into the arena. The matador will also receive one or two severed ears and the tail of the bull, depending on the quality of his performance. Bullfighting has always been controversial in Spain. Supporters of bullfighting regard it as a deeply ingrained, integral part of their national culture, but it is criticized by animal rights activists as a pointless and cruel blood sport.In fact, bullfighting is not just a Spanish tradition; Portugal, Latin America and a few cities in southern France also have a history of bullfighting.Audioscript：Over 1000 people have demonstrated in Madrid to go for an end to bullfighting in Spain. Though small, the protest comes amid renewed debate in the country about bullfighting, which many see as inhumane but others consider an integral part of Spanish culture.Carrying banners reading "Abolish bullfighting" and comments disparaging bullfighters, the coalition of animal rights activists and ecologists gathered in Madrid's central Puerta del Sol square. The Madrid regional government's decision to officially declare the sport part of Spain's cultural heritage has intensified opposition：Male protestor (voice of translator):"I feel very ashamed. I feel ashamed of being Spanish when I hear of these crimes, and people say this torture is culture. For me it is savage, more appropriate to other centuries."The centuries-old spectacle, whose ritual includes implanting barbed sticks into the bull before a matador kills it with a sword, draws thousands to the country's bullrings and, matadors receive celebrity media coverage. Many Spaniards reject accusations of cruelty: Madrid resident (in Spanish)This Madrid resident insists those who want to watch bullfighting should be allowed to continue doing so, as it is part of the nation's culture.But support for bullfighting varies across the country, with parliament in the autonomous Catalan region recently debating a possible ban, anda vote there on the issue is expected soon. In Spain's Canary Islands, the sport is already outlawed.Part V Do you know ...A name is a word or term used for identification. So a name can be given to a person, a place or a thing. But do names have meanings Many people tend to be unaware of the specific meaning of a name unless it happens to be their own name. Many names originally had meanings, but you can't assume that that meaning was intended in any given case.Audioscript：An American town called Boring has voted in favour of pairing with a village by the name of Dull in Scotland.This means the two of them will participate in joint activities, such as the promotion of tourism and cultural exchange. Boring decided in favour of the move after being approached by the residents of Dull. But what's in a name Is Boring really tiresome and is Dull tedious Are these places in themselves humdrum and insipid or is it just their names which suggest they are drabThe village of Dull consists of just one row of houses on the north side of a river valley, which means that it must be very peaceful but probably rather stale and monotonous for young people looking for exciting nightlife. It should also be said that the origin of the name Dull is from the Gaelic language, which was spoken in Scotland before the arrival of the English. Therefore it probably means "meadow" rather than mundane.Boring, on the other hand, was named after an early resident of the town, William H. Boring, though whether he was a wearisome fellow himself is not known. The town lies in the state of Oregon, about 30 kilometres from the city of Portland. Is it flat Not in a literal sense. Oregon is a mountainous state. And Boring's residents insist that the town is "The most exciting place to live". However, in comparison to Seattle, the biggest city in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, Boring must be at least a little lifeless.However exciting the communities may or may not be, they are both planning events to celebrate their pairing. The Dull and Weem Community Council intends to mark the partnership with a new road sign and street party.Part VII Watch and enjoyChinese cuisine is certainly a part of Chinese culture. In the following video clip, a woman will teach you how to cook a Chinese dish -- steamed sea bass. The steps of the cooking and the making of the sauce have been listed below. Arrange them in the correct order. The first ones have been done for you.Videoscript：In China it is believed that eating fish will help your wishes come true. And this is certainly a dream recipe. I want to cook you my steamed sea bass in a ginger, lime beer sauce, and it couldn't be simpler.Slice a few slits. One side, and then the other. And I'm going to keep the head on because in Chinese tradition, that is a sign of unity and balance. Next, slice some ginger. Just big enough so they fit into the slits of the fish. And this is going to impart a delicious, aromatic heat, and it's going to taste fantastic. And on the other side, so the ginger's gone into the slits. And now all we do is just place it on a heat-proof plate in the bamboo steamer. Before we steam the fish, I'm going to add a little bit of Shaoxing rice wine. So about a tablespoon. In Chinese cooking, Shaoxing rice wine is a classic seasoning for fish and meat dishes, adding bitter-sweet flavors. Next, lay some finely sliced spring onion on the fish. Steam over boiling water for seven to eight minutes until the fish is opaque. In Chinese culture, we try to balance oppositeinfluences, known as Tin and Yang. They are the controlling elements in nature which should be balanced for a harmonious life. This dish, it's got those elements. The sea bass is very yin, and the ginger and rice wine which I have had a splash of that, they are very, very yang. This is the perfect balanced dish, and in Chinese cooking, we're always trying to achieve this perfect balance. Let's just check on the sea bass. The sea bass is lovely and it's cooked. You can see the meat has turned opaque, the eyes have turned white, and the flesh is lovely and flaky-ish. It just gives as you give it a slight poke.And for the sauce, finely grate some ginger. This is the hot, or yang to the fish's cool yin. For additional freshness, some zingy lime zest, two tablespoons should be about right. What we want to do now is get the wok nice and hot. And I'm just going to place the sea bass ... here. Just let that plate cool slightly. My special ingredient for this dish is Chinese beer. This is really going to add a delicious sweetness and really compliment the sea bass. If you can't get Chinese beer, then you can just use a light lager.So, wok lovely and hot, in with some groundnut oil, about a tablespoon or two. And then give this a good swirl. Then very, very quickly, in with the ginger. Before the ginger burns, put the fish carefully into the wok. Add a drop more rice wine or dry sherry, some light soy sauceand freshen it up with lime zest. Finally, the beer ... No drinking, just pour! Just pour some of the beer over the fish. Cooking like this will burn off some of the alcohol, but don't burn too much, because it makes a delicious sauce. So just let that gently braise, and let the sea bass soak in those flavors. Now just before serving, we just want to chop up some coriander. I've chopped the stalks and leaves and just throw that all into the wok. And that's ready to serve.Now to go with the sea bass, I've got some wild rice and basmati rice. The wild rice adds a nutty flavor and bite, contrasting with the neutral flavor and soft texture of basmati. The rice is going to allow you to soak up all those delicious flavors from the beer, the ginger, the spring onion and the coriander. So this is my steamed sea bass and delicious ginger lime beer sauce.。
《 新生代英语高级教程1》教案unit7
教案课程名称新生代英语高级教程1 课时班级专业教师系部教研室教材《新生代英语高级教程1》1345678补充教学资源Vocabulary Builder参考译文老板：我简直不能相信。
你又迟到了。
员工：我迟到了吗？几点了？老板：现在9:15。
你应该9点上班。
员工：抱歉。
雨下得很大，我打不到车。
老板：你这周是第三次迟到了。
员工：我知道。
非常抱歉。
老板：听着，你是一名好员工。
但是，如果你上班继续迟到，那我就找别人了。
员工：我明白了。
我保证再也不迟到了。
9老板：最好不要。
这是对你最后一次警告。
Show Time参考译文赫克托：帕特尔先生，早上好。
帕特尔先生：早上好，赫克托。
你及时赶到了。
赫克托：是，先生，我知道。
我想早点来，可公共汽车来迟了。
帕特尔先生：没关系，赫克托。
你并没有迟到。
但还是尽量早点来，这样你可以在工作开始前做好准备。
赫克托：好的，先生，我明白了。
我明天再早点出门。
我只是不知道公共汽车开过来要花这么长时间。
帕特尔先生：宁可事先谨慎有余，不要事后追悔莫及。
工作准时很重要，尤其是你才刚来不久。
赫克托：谢谢你，帕特尔先生。
从现在起我争取早到。
帕特尔先生：很好，赫克托。
这是一种良好的工作态度。
有个端正的态度对一名优秀员工很重要。
到目前为止你的工作做得很不错。
赫克托：噢，是的。
我正努力学习一切和岗位有关的东西。
帕特尔先生：这点我能看出来。
玛特奥和其他员工告诉我你非常努力，并且在学习新东西的时候听得很认真。
赫克托：嗯，我尽力做好。
但有时也会有点困惑。
帕特尔先生：没关系，赫克托。
每个人都有犯错的时候。
但只要你认真倾听，和其他员工团结协作，总是为顾客提供帮助，我相信你会做得很不错。
赫克托：谢谢你，帕特尔先生，我很感激能有机会在这里工作。
帕特尔先生：我很高兴你能这样想。
在未来某天，你在这份工作中得到的训练将帮助你获得其他工作。
10赫克托：是的，我知道。
我还不确定未来想做什么。
但我知道我在这份工作中获得的经验将帮我为很多其他事情做好铺垫。
高中英语牛津模块七Unit-3-reading课件选修7
The main points:
1. uncontrolled information 2.the change in the way people spend their time
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the supporting facts;
the supporting facts;
the opposite point
Para 3 the opposite point;
the supporting facts;
Para 4 the second point ; Para 3 the second point ;
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13
Supporting facts:
1) In 2003, 70 per cent of eBay’s problems were with people who sold things that did not exit, or who lied about the products they were selling.
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1
1. Do you use the Internet? What do you usually use it for?
2. Is it good or bad to use the Internet?
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2
Read the text quickly to find some general information. 1.How many passages are there in the text?
八上unit-7-Do-you-think-you-will-have-your-own-robot
What will robots be like in the future?
What can robots do today?
What are robots like in movies?
Robots
What do they look like? human? (人类)
Robots
What do they look like?
Robots
What
do Did
ythoheuuym人selao类eno旳kist eil仆nirkv人etah?netsvideo?
What can robots do?
1)They can do jobs like working in R_o_b_do_itr_sty_c_anord_do_a_n_g_e_ro_u_s___ places.
for them.
Robots
What do they look like?
Sweeping robots
(扫地机器人) Sweeping robots are good or bad?
Why good? Why bad?
Double-edged sword 双刃剑
The key is to use it
3D printers
smart band
Read the whole passage, match each paragraph with the question it discusses.
Para. 1
Will robots think like humans in the future?
Para. 2 Para. 3 Para. 4
Thank you !
七年级上英语unit7
Unit 7 Will people have robots?Section A(1a-1c)I.Teaching aims1. Aims of knowledge1) Key vocabulary：robot, paper, in 100 years, live to be.2) Target language：① ─Will you have a robot?─Yes, I will./No, I won’t.I won’t have a robot.②People won’t use money. Everything will be free.There will be only one country.People will live to be 200 years old.2. Aims of ability① To learn to use “will” to talk about future and make predictions.② To master the simple future tense with “will”.③To train students’ abilities of listening and speaking.3.Aims of emotionTo train students’ interest to predict the future and care for the environment.II.Teaching important point and difficult point（1）Teaching important point：The target language─Will you have a robot?─Yes, I will./No, I won’t.I won’t have a robot.（2）Teaching difficult point:How to use “will” to talk about future..III. Teaching proceduresStep1. Lead-inPlay a video of a robot dancing beautifully.Purpose of design: to guide the topic and arouse the students interest of learning.Step2. Presentation1)Ask students, “Will you have a robot? I will have a robot.” Help the students to answer the question with “Yes, I will./ No, I won’t.” and show the negative form “I won’t have a robot.”2)Help the students to talk about the future with “will”using some other pictures.①I will drive from Beijing to London. I won't take the plane.②I won’t carry a schoolbag. The schoolbag will carry me.③I won't need to buy many clothes. My clothes will change themselves to keep infashion.④There won’t be any paper money. Everyone will have a credit card.Purpose of design: to present the target language.Step3 Activity 1aHow will the world be different 100 years from now? Read these predictions . Check A for agree or D for disagree.①Read aloud together to know the meanings of the sentences.②Express their own opinions.Step4 Listening 1b1.Play the recording for the students to circle the predictions they hear in 1a.2. Check the answers.Purpose of design: to practice listening .Step5 Enjoy a song to relaxWill you study hard?Will he study hard?Yes, I will.No, he won't.I will study hard.He won't study hard.I will succeed.He will fail.Purpose of design: To help the students master the target language by singingHappily. At the same time, students can relax themselves.Step6 A game of chain drillPredict the future one by one.Example:A: Will people use money in 100 years?B: No, they won't. Everything will be free. Will people live to be 200 years old?C: Yes, they will. Will you have two kids in 20 years?D: Yes, I will. I will have a son and a daughter. Will...E:...Purpose of design:give each student a chance to practice speaking.Step7 Talent Show: Little reporterIn each group, one student is a reporter from Yulin TV. Interview the other students what they think Yulin will be like in 5 years. If time is enough, play the movie Wall.E to get the students to know the importance of environmental protection.Example:A: Hello! I'm from Yulin TV.What do you think Y ulin will be like in 5 years?B: There will be more tall buildings.C: There will be more cars.D: I disagree. I think there will be fewer cars. Because we need lesspollution.E: ...Purpose of design: to consolidate the target language and learn to protect the environment.Step 8 Summary and homeworkWrite a passage about the future world more than 80 words with “will”. (Show a mind map to help them.)IV. Blackboard design。
Unit7-Modeling
服务规约 cont.
哪些candidate services可以暴露为服务 哪些 可以暴露为服务 基本原则 支持相关的业务流程和业务目标（业务对齐） 支持相关的业务流程和业务目标（业务对齐） 技术中立、自包含（可组装） 技术中立、自包含（可组装） 可以在不同的应用、流程中重用（可重用） 可以在不同的应用、流程中重用（可重用） 相关企业应用开发经验 通过行业规范规定了的业务服务一般需要暴露 和业务目标相关的服务一般需要暴露 跨越业务部门边界的服务一般需要暴露 可能需要在不同地区进行部署的服务一般需要暴露 步骤2. 步骤 服务属性描述 经过服务暴露后， 基本形成。 经过服务暴露后，services list基本形成。结合传统的方法学 基本形成 对服务各方面属性进up(Existing Asset Analysis)
自下而上方式的目的是利用已有资产（已有系统、 自下而上方式的目的是利用已有资产（已有系统、套装或定制应 行业规范或业务模型等） 用、行业规范或业务模型等）来实现服务 通过对已有资产的业务功能、技术平台、架构及实现方式的分析， 通过对已有资产的业务功能、技术平台、架构及实现方式的分析， 能够验证服务候选者或者发现新的服务候选者 通过对已有系统的分析，尽早验证服务实现决策的可行性， 通过对已有系统的分析，尽早验证服务实现决策的可行性，为服 务实现决策提供重要依据
11
服务规约 cont.
服务规约会是business和IT层面互动的基础 和 层面互动的基础 服务规约会是 业务对IT的新需求会体现为服务层面的变更 的新需求会体现为服务层面的变更， 层面的变化会尽 业务对 的新需求会体现为服务层面的变更，IT层面的变化会尽 量遵循服务规约
12
服务实现
服务契约和IT的现状还是有很大差距的 服务契约和 的现状还是有很大差距的
英语高级视听说unit7
Unit 7 GMIf the old saying "What's good for America is good for General Motors, and viceversa" is still true, then we are all in a lot of trouble. General Motors is limping along in the break down lane, in need of a lot more than a minor tune-up.With GM's stock trading near an all time low and its bonds rated as junk, the company reported l osses of more than $10 billion last year. Unless it stopshemorrhaging money, it will have to be towed into bankruptcy court — a move with consequenc es that could cascade through the American economy, threatening up to 1 million jobs and changi ng the dreams of American workers.Correspondent Steve Kroft reports.General Motors is not just another company. For almost a century, it was emblematic of America n industrial dominance, with a car for every customer and a brand for every strata of society. Back when Pontiacs were as sexy as Sinatra and Cadillac the synonym for luxury, GM made half th e cars in the United States. A job on one of its assembly lines was ticket into the middle class. But that was before the first oil shock, and the Japanese imports. Today, General Motors is losing $24 million a day — and all bets are off."This is not a phantom crisis or a fake crisis. This is a real crisis," says David Cole, is chairman of th e Center for Automotive Research, a non-profit consulting firm in Ann Arbor Mich.Cole is widely considered one of the industry's top analysts. He believes that Detroit is now facing what the steel industry and the big airlines have already been through: high labor costs that mak e it almost impossible to compete."Every one of the Big Three faces a problem right now of about $2,000 to $2,500 per vehicle prod uced cost disadvantage. If that plays out over time, they're all dead," says Cole. "It's change or die . Everything is driven by a profitable business. If you can't be profitable, you can't be in business. That is, I think, recognition that everybody is aware of."It has certainly not escaped the attention of General Motors chairman Rick Wagoner, who met at the Detroit Auto show. Wagner may have the toughest job in America: running a corporation man y analysts believe has become, too big, too bloated and too slow to compete with more nimble fo reign competitors.Asked how General Motors got to the point where it is now, Wagoner told Kroft. "We have a long history, almost 100 years. We have a lot of employees. We have a lot of retirees, a lot of depende nts. … Promises were made about benefits to thosepeople that weren't very expensive when they were made. And it's really given us some financial challenges."One of them is that most of the people on GM's payroll are no longer making cars. Every month, GM sends out nearly half a million pension checks to former workers, many of whom retired in th eir 50s after 30 years of service and live in communities where GM plants closed long ago. Then there is the ever-rising cost of health care. GM has one of the most generous plans in Ameri ca and provides it to 1.1 million people — retirees, workers and their dependents — at a cost of $ 6 billion a year. That's more than any other company in America.Gary Chaison, a professor of industrial relations at Clark University, has done the math. "It comes to about $1,400 a car now," he explains. "That's what the health care premiums of the workers who make that car is. OK?"Chaison says the health care costs are higher than the glass and steel used to make the vehicle. " Much more than any other part. What you're doing when you're buying a car is you're spending a lot of money for the health care benefits of workers who are making that car," he says.It's a cost most of GM's foreign competitors don't have because their workers are usually covered by some form of government health insurance in their own countries. Wagoner says it's one of t he promises GM made to workers made in good times that it can barely afford in bad.Asked if he thinks those promises could be kept, Wagoner says, "We feel a responsibility to the pe ople that those promises were made to. We also have a responsibility to insure that our business is successful in the future."That future looks so bleak that the United Auto Workers, the union that represents GM's hourly workers, agreed last year to give back some hard-won concessions, which included a $1 an hour c ost-of-living raise for active workers. The concessions also required retirees to pay up to several h undred dollars a year towards medical insurance that had always been free. UAW president Ron Gettelfinger says it was painful but necessary.Gettelfinger admits getting the retirees to pay money toward something they'd been getting for f ree was a tough sell. "Sure it was hard to sell. First of all it was hard for us to convince ourselves t hat we needed to do something. It was not the easy decision to make but it was a right decision t o make in the long term. Because our concern is the long-term viability of our membership both active and retired when it comes to their benefits or to their wage levels," he tells Kroft.The consensus is that the union may have to give up a lot more, either before or during next year' s contract negotiations, if General Motors is to avoid bankruptcy — an outcome that could allow t he company to scrap its labor agreements, slash wages and pass off its pension obligations to the federal government."If you or I were given a choice between gold and silver, we'll take the gold every time. Gold is no longer an option. The choice that they're facing, literally, is between lead and silver. If they don't do the right things, they're gonna get lead," says Cole. "Silver is still terrific. I think that's where w e're headed. The industry can afford silver, but they can no longer afford gold."General Motors is still the largest automobile manufacturer in the world, and most experts will te ll you it has never made better cars and trucks. But its market share has fallen to 24 percent, and i t has too many plants and too many people for the number of cars it's selling. GM wants to shut d own all or part of a dozen facilities and get rid of 30,000 workers by the end of 2008, but it's ham strung by its contract with the UAW, which says it would still have to pay these workers under so mething called the "jobs bank.""The job bank, that is people are paid to essentially full salary and aren't working — can't work. Y ou can't afford literally hundreds of millions of dollars in wages to people that aren't working," sa ys Cole. "So the way to deal with that is to buy 'em out of their job. And that's gonna be a big part of what's happening in just the next few months."The process has already begun. The week before last, General Motors served up one of the bigge st buyout packages in corporate history, offering 113,000 hourly employees anywhere $35,000 to $140,000 to walk away from their jobs or take early retirement. The buyout could cost GM up to $2 billion, so last week it sold off a chunk of one of its most profitable business, GMAC's commerc ial mortgage division, to help pay for it. But the ultimate cost could be much greater for communities all over the Midwest.Several generations of American workers put food on the table and kids through college working at GM factories like the one in Janesville, Wis., where a union job with General Motors was as clo se as you could get to guaranteed lifetime security.It is hard work with lots of overtime —but in a good year they can make $100,000, with up to five weeks vacation. It's a great job; problem is, it can be done in Mexico now for $3 an hour, and peo ple here are nervous. Almost everyone in Janesville either works for GM or has a relative or famil y member that does."Everybody knows General Motors is the horse that pulls our cart," says Steve Flood.It's the favorite subject at the Eagle Inn, just down the street from the union hall, where Kroft sha red a cup of coffee with retirees Flood and Claude Eakins and current UAW workers Ron Splan an d Matt Symons, who make SUVs at the Janesville plant.What would happen to Janesville if GM went into bankruptcy?"We've all got our opinions. But it certainly wouldn't be a pretty picture," says Splan. "There's pro bably 20 industries in Janesville here that supply directly to the Janesville General Motors plants. So it would be devastating. I mean, there's no doubt what it'd do to Janesville: I mean, it'd be terr ible."Asked if he was willing to make more concessions, Flood said, "Sure, you bet. We're gonna make s ure GM survives. What we do, I'm not sure. But I'm sure we'll be looking at it that, ya know, befor e we make any changes. But it's gotta be a shared, ya know.""They know that we're all in the same boat," Splan added. "I mean, if it's got a hole in it, we're all, we're all sinkin'."There are some who have actually suggested bankruptcy might be good for General Motors in th e long run — that it would allow the company to reposition itself competitively in the global mark et. Wagoner isn't one of them."Our view is that's a very bad idea," he says. "First of all, we don't think it's going to happen. We don't think it's a good strategy. And we think a lot of people would lose if we did that, ranging fro m shareholders to employees to dealers to suppliers. And it's my view that all this talk about ban kruptcy is way over selling the risk side of the business."But a lot of things could go wrong. A potential strike at Delphi Corp., GM's major parts supplier, c ould shut down General Motors assembly lines and create a liquidity crisis. Corporate raider Kirk Kerkorian, whose intentions are unknown, is now GM's largest individual stockholder — and maki ng his presence felt. But most of all, GM needs to begin selling more cars.It needs to revive Buick and Pontiac the same way it resurrected Cadillac, with bold new designs a nd their own distinct identities.Those cars, which will save GM, or not, are still in blue shrouds at the company's super-secret des ign center in Warren, Mich., under the watchful eye of 74-year-old vice chairman Bob Lutz, a lege ndary Detroit design guru, who once ran Chrysler."Unfortunately this is a car that I'd like to be able to show you, but for competitive reasons we ca n't show it all. I'll just show you some of the, some of the advancedwork that we're doing on grills — that this is obviously a Cadillac, no concealing that," Lutz said, g iving Kroft a peek."Would you have to kill me if I just took this thing and ripped it right out?" Kroft asked."I would not be pleased with you," Lutz replied.Lutz acknowledges that GM became complacent, produced too many anonymous cars with unins pired designs and delegated the design process too low in the corporate structure."During the period of GM's greatness in the 50s and 60s, design ruled. And the finance people ra n behind to try to reestablish order and pick up the pieces," says Lutz. "We just lost the focus on design."There is no detail too small to merit Lutz's attention, from sheet metal fits to upgrading interiors, and getting rid of what he calls that "nasty rat fur" upholstery."I mean, the answer is product, product, product, product, product," says Lutz. "And I'm happy to say that my experiences, that automobile companies always do their best products when they're in dire straits, because all the second guessers get out of the way."Lutz says the company has turned the corner on reliability, and J.D. Power quality surveys bear hi m out. Another encouraging sign came at the Detroit Auto Show when Lutz unveiled the new slee k new Camaro concept car, which debuted to unanimous acclaim and was selected as best car in show. It is exactly what GM needs right now — but in its showrooms, not at an auto show. "We're enthused about it and everybody wants to know, 'So, are you gonna build it?'" says Wago ner.The answer to that question, Wagoner says, is a firm maybe. "We'd like to do it. … We haven't ma de the call. We've introduced it as a concept. Sometimes we do that to see how people react to it .""The best car in the show," Kroft remarked."Yeah, well I just got that information," Wagoner says. "I think that does suggest that if we didn't try to build this, we might be brain dead. Stay tuned." By Frank Devine。
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服务规约 cont.
哪些candidate services可以暴露为服务 哪些 可以暴露为服务 基本原则 支持相关的业务流程和业务目标（业务对齐） 支持相关的业务流程和业务目标（业务对齐） 技术中立、自包含（可组装） 技术中立、自包含（可组装） 可以在不同的应用、流程中重用（可重用） 可以在不同的应用、流程中重用（可重用） 相关企业应用开发经验 通过行业规范规定了的业务服务一般需要暴露 和业务目标相关的服务一般需要暴露 跨越业务部门边界的服务一般需要暴露 可能需要在不同地区进行部署的服务一般需要暴露 步骤2. 步骤 服务属性描述 经过服务暴露后， 基本形成。 经过服务暴露后，services list基本形成。结合传统的方法学 基本形成 对服务各方面属性进行描述
Top-down(Domain Decomposition)自上而下的领域分解 自上而下的领域分解 Bottom-up(Existing Asset Analysis)自下而上的已有资产分析 自下而上的已有资产分析 meet-in-the-middle(Goal-Service Modeling)中间对齐的业务目 中间对齐的业务目 标建模
11
服务规约 cont.
服务规约会是business和IT层面互动的基础 和 层面互动的基础 服务规约会是 业务对IT的新需求会体现为服务层面的变更 的新需求会体现为服务层面的变更， 层面的变化会尽 业务对 的新需求会体现为服务层面的变更，IT层面的变化会尽 量遵循服务规约
12
服务实现
服务契约和IT的现状还是有很大差距的 服务契约和 的现状还是有很大差距的
16
BPEL简介 cont.
17
Web Services Meet Business Processes
Web Service 1
Web Service 4
Web Service 2
Web Service 5
Web Service 3
Web Service n
18
BPEL的基本结构
<process name="ncname" targetNamespace="uri" queryLanguage="anyURI"? expressionLanguage="anyURI"? suppressJoinFailure="yes|no"? enableInstanceCompensation="yes|no"? abstractProcess="yes|no"?> <partnerLinks>? ... </partnerLinks> <partners>? ... </partners> <variables>? ... </variables> <correlationSets>? ... </correlationSets> <faultHandlers>? ... </faultHandlers> <compensationHandlers>? ... </compensationHandlers> <eventHandlers>? ... </eventHandlers> activity </process>
Getting Started with SOA
Unit 7. Modeling
1
The need for modeling and types of models
Focused on solving key challenges
Integration through SOA Core system renewal Process transformation Operational insight, risk and compliance Data governance and standardization
3
业务流程分类
按业务流程之间的协作方式可以分 为单工作流模式和多工作流模式 单工作流模式把一组相关的服务按 一定顺序和条件组合执行， 一定顺序和条件组合执行，完成某 项业务， 项业务，流程执行过程中涉及的服 务不属于其他业务流程 多工作流模式是两个或两个以上的 工作流程并行执行并进行交互的业 务流程模式， 务流程模式，多工作流模式侧重于 业务流程之间的交互
7
服务发现 cont.
Bottom-up(Existing Asset Analysis)
自下而上方式的目的是利用已有资产（已有系统、 自下而上方式的目的是利用已有资产（已有系统、套装或定制应 行业规范或业务模型等） 用、行业规范或业务模型等）来实现服务 通过对已有资产的业务功能、技术平台、架构及实现方式的分析， 通过对已有资产的业务功能、技术平台、架构及实现方式的分析， 能够验证服务候选者或者发现新的服务候选者 通过对已有系统的分析，尽早验证服务实现决策的可行性， 通过对已有系统的分析，尽早验证服务实现决策的可行性，为服 务实现决策提供重要依据
19
BPEL的主要元素
Partner：伙伴 ： PartnerLink：伙伴链接 ： Variables：变量 ： CorrelationSet：关联集合 ： FaultHandler：故障处理程序 ： CompensationHandlers：补偿处理程序 ： EventHandler：事件处理程序 ：
某些服务的业务逻辑分散于不同的应用中 某些服务目前还没有IT层面的实现 某些服务目前还没有 层面的实现 ……
如何将服务契约落实在地？ 如何将服务契约落实在地？
现有系统分析 调研现有系统架构、 调研现有系统架构、主要架构元素的基本特征 调研现有应用的主要功能及接口 将现有应用覆盖的业务功能和服务规约确定的组件进行映射， 将现有应用覆盖的业务功能和服务规约确定的组件进行映射， 形成现有组件目录
5
服务发现
服务发现是SOMA进行服务分析和设计的第一步 进行服务分析和设计的第一步 服务发现是 服务发现的主要任务，是确定在一定范围内（ 服务发现的主要任务，是确定在一定范围内（通常是企业 范围，或若干关键业务流程范围内） 范围，或若干关键业务流程范围内）可能成为服务的候选 者列表 目前有三种方式发现服务的候选者
服务属于哪些部门 输入/输出消息 输入 输出消息 服务错误处理能力 服务安全约束 服务响应时间 ……
服务规约阶段实现步骤
步骤1. 步骤 服务暴露决策 理论上所有的candidate services都可以暴露为服务，但是一 都可以暴露为服务， 理论上所有的 都可以暴露为服务 旦暴露为服务，该服务就必须满足附加的性能和安全性的要求， 旦暴露为服务，该服务就必须满足附加的性能和安全性的要求， 而且企业为设计、监管、 而且企业为设计、监管、维护服务提供额外的开支
单工作流模式
嵌套子流程模式
链型流程模式
4
IBM SOMA
IBM的SOMA ( Service-Oriented Modeling and 的 Architecture ) 是为面向服务的分析和设计 提出的一种 架构方法， 服务规约、 架构方法，它主要包括 服务发现 、服务规约、服务实现 三个阶段的分析和设计过程中， 在SOMA三个阶段的分析和设计过程中，分析和设计人员 三个阶段的分析和设计过程中 还需要借助于传统方法中的一些素材， 还需要借助于传统方法中的一些素材，如业务环境和业务 用例、 环境 当前应用或组件的模型和设计等， 环境、 用例、IT环境、当前应用或组件的模型和设计等，从而完 成与现有业务和IT紧密结合的服务规范和服务设计 成与现有业务和 紧密结合的服务规范和服务设计 在运用SOMA的过程中，这三个阶段并不是一次性完成的， 的过程中， 在运用 的过程中 这三个阶段并不是一次性完成的， 一般需要一个迭代的过程， 一般需要一个迭代的过程，分析和确定的服务模型有一个 演化的过程，并逐渐地精化， 演化的过程，并逐渐地精化，越来越贴近业务
可执行工作流—描述业务交互中参与者的实际行为 可执行工作流 描述业务交互中参与者的实际行为 抽象流程—描述各方参与者对外可见的消息交换 抽象流程 描述各方参与者对外可见的消息交换
BPEL的作用是将一组现有的服务组合起来，从而定义一 的作用是将一组现有的服务组合起来， 的作用是将一组现有的服务组合起来 个新的Web服务。因此，BPEL基本上是一种实现此种组 服务。 个新的 服务 因此， 基本上是一种实现此种组 合的语言
14
业务流程生命周期
15
BPEL简介
2002年7月，IBM、微软、BEA提交了 年 月 提交了Business 、微软、 提交了 Execution Language for Web Service(BPEL4WS)1.0 的规范 BPEL基于 基于XML和Web Service技术 基于 和 技术 BPEL是描述业务流程的形式规约语言 是描述业务流程的形式规约语言
通过这三种方法，我们可以发现 通过这三种方法，我们可以发现candidate services，并 ， 按照业务范围划分为services list 按照业务范围划分为
9
服规约
Services list已经形成，但是服务本身的属性还很零散。 已经形成， 已经形成 但是服务本身的属性还很零散。 服务规约目的是规范性地描述服务各个方面的属性
8
服务发现 cont.
meet-in-the-middle(Goal-Service Modeling)
中间对齐的业务目标建模方式的目的是帮助发现与业务对齐的服 务，并确保关键的服务在流程分解和已有资产分析的过程中没有 被遗漏 业务目标建模将业务目标分解成子目标， 业务目标建模将业务目标分解成子目标，然后分析哪些服务是用 来实现这些子目标的 在这个过程中， 在这个过程中，为了可以度量这些服务的执行情况并进而评估业 务目标，我们会发现关键业务指标、度量值和相关的业务事件 务目标，我们会发现关键业务指标、