Unit 19打印版文件
高二英语下学期Unit-19-words

高一英语unit19-Integrating-Skills

Language points
research
do (some) research on/into sth
experience
作“经验”讲是不可数名词;作“经历,阅历”讲是可数名词. eg: 1. I’m a good teacher with much (many,much)teaching experience ( experience,experiences)
November
It is in November when we have to plough the land for the first time. The ploughing has to be done deep.
Write a plan for your vegetable garden.
2) Imagine you have a vegetable garden & you want to grow beans, cabbages, onions, tomatoes & sunflowers. What will you do in each month of the year?
2) Careful reading
The life of farmer is busy. Each month there is a lot of work to do: ploughing, sowing, weeding, harvesting, fertilising and so on. What advice does Jia Sixie give farmers?
guide to sth
英语入门 a guide to English 中国旅行指南 a guide to China
高二英语下学期Unit-19-words

电子课件英语第三版Unit19

Task 1: General English
Restaurants in China
Chinese food has become very popular around the world. Many different types of restaurants in China offer an incredible variety of delicious food to suit people’s tastes. For example, people can enjoy Peking duck, Mapo tofu, Kung Pao chicken in restaurants.
Task 2: English for Special Purposes
With the advanced features of digital technology, digital receivers are able to offer users a variety of enhanced services, which make viewers become users④. What you can do on your personal computer⑤can be performed on your TV set, and vice versa.
Task 2: English for Special Purposes
New Words and Expressions
hi-fi /'ha. fa./ adj. (=high-fidelity)高保真的 enhanced /.n'hɑ.nst/ adj. 增强的,提高的 viewer /'vju..(r)/ n. 观众 high-definition TV 高清电视 a set of 一组,一套 DTV set 数字电视机
高一英语unit19-Integrating-Skills

[单选,A4型题,A3/A4型题]成年患者,热烧伤10%Ⅲ度,伤后10天,创面溶痂,有脓性分泌物并伴有创缘炎性反应,体温39℃,伴有寒战,创面分泌物细菌培养为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌,痂下组织细菌计数>10CFU/g,血培养(-)。该患者最适的治疗方案()A.包扎疗法,局部应用敏感抗生素 [单选]某歌厅购买了若干正版卡拉OK光盘后,未经任何人的许可,直接将该光盘用于出租等经营活动。对该歌厅的行为应定性为()。A.合法使用B.合理使用C.法定许可使用D.侵权行为 [单选,A2型题,A1/A2型题]“医乃仁术”是指()。A.道德是医学活动中的一般现象B.道德是医学的本质特征C.道德是医学的个别性质D.道德是个别医务人员的追求E.道德是医学的非本质要求 [单选]某企业2009年12月31日“固定资产”科目余额为1000万元,“累计折旧”科目余额为300万元,“固定资产减值准备”科目余额为50万元。该企业2009年12月31日资产负债表“固定资产”的项目金额为()万元。A.650B.700C.950D.1000 [问答题,简答题]税法对各类固定资产计算折旧的最低年限是如何规定的? [单选]监理合同的有效期是指()。A.合同约定的开始曰至完成日B.合同签订日至合同约定的完成日C.合同签订日至监理人收到监理报酬尾款日D.合同约定的开始日至工程验收合格曰 [单选]人居环境建设的基本原则包括()。A.生态原则和经济原则B.技术原则和社会原则C.文化原则D.A+B+CE.A+C [问答题,简答题]何为地基塑性变形区? [单选,A2型题,A1/A2型题]下列肾功能监测的指标中,临床很少应用的是()A.肾小球滤过率(GFR)B.血尿素氮(BUN)C.血肌酐(Cr)D.肾血流量测定E.肾小管功能测定 [单选]如图:ABCD [单选]下列不属气滞癥瘕的主要证候为()A.积块不坚B.时聚时散C.痛处固定D.腹内触之有块E.推之可移 [单选,A1型题]为妇科调经之要药的是()A.川楝子B.香附C.延胡索D.川芎E.郁金 [单选]王女士,28岁,已婚,未孕,其子宫峡部长度约为()。A.0.5cmB.1.0cmC.1.5cmD.2.0cmE.2.5cm [名词解释]风积地貌 [单选,A1型题]中毒的主要机理有()A.局部刺激、腐蚀作用B.缺氧C.麻醉作用D.抑制酶的活力E.以上都是 [单选]卵泡发育的过程中,不包括以下哪项()A.成熟卵泡B.窦前卵泡C.窦状卵泡D.闭锁卵泡E.原始卵泡 [多选]关于人身权与财产权之间的联系,正确的有()。A.人身权是某些财产权取得的前提B.人身权可以转化为财产权C.可以对受到损害的人身权进行财产性补偿D.人身权属于非财产性权利,没有任何财产权的属性 [单选]产程正常胎儿娩出后30分钟,胎盘仍未排出,出血不多,恰当的处理方法().A.等待自然娩出B.压子宫及注射子宫收缩药C.肌注阿托品0.5mgD.立即手取胎盘E.立即剖宫取胎盘 [单选]下列不属于物业服务企业营业成本的是()。A.直接人工费B.间接费用C.直接材料费D.无偿使用的办公房屋 [判断题]冷沉淀融化后需放置室温2小时后输用。A.正确错误 [判断题]搬运装卸润滑脂,应尽可能轻拿轻放,避免过重地碰摔,包装桶损坏、密封不严、混入外界杂质或渗入雨水会使脂变质,运输中要盖好盖,做好防雨措施。()A.正确B.错误 [多选]MEN2A的临床表现包括()。A.甲状腺髓样癌B.嗜铬细胞瘤C.甲状旁腺肿瘤D.类马凡体型E.多发性黏膜神经瘤 [单选,A1型题]《医疗事故处理条例》规定,在诊疗护理工作中,属于医疗事故的是()A.虽有诊疗护理错误,但未造成病员死亡、残疾、功能障碍B.因诊疗护理过失,直接造成病员死亡、残疾、组织器官损伤导致功能障碍C.由于病情和病员体质特殊而发生难以预料和防范的不良后果D.发生难以 [单选,A2型题,A1/A2型题]抗人球蛋白直接反应阳性,常考虑为下列何种疾病()。A.血红蛋白病B.阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿C.自身免疫性溶血性贫血D.遗传性球形细胞增多症E.G-6-PD缺乏症 [单选]下列哪些不属于颈浅丛属支()A.lesseroccipitalnerveB.greatauricularnerveC.transversenerveofnerveD.supraclavicularnerveE.trochlearnerve [单选]既平肝息风,又清肝明目、凉血解毒的药物是()A.天麻B.羚羊角C.蒺藜D.钩藤E.罗布麻叶 [单选]提高()是实现职业道德维护公德的手段A、专业B、知识C、理论D、专业技能 [单选]雪情通告的有效时间为().A.24hB.12hC.4h [单选]方位投影大都是透视投影,视点在球心的方位投影称为()。A.心射投影B.极射投影C.日晷投影D.A和C [问答题,简答题]客户如何兑现投资连结产品的收益? [单选]关于CT扫描层厚的理解,哪个是错误的()A.层厚是CT扫描技术选择的重要参数B.层厚薄空间分辨率高C.层厚加大,密度分辨率低D.层厚的选择,应根据扫描部位和病变大小决定E.层厚薄,病灶检出率高 [单选]残疾人个人提供加工、修理修配劳务的可以免征()?A.营业税B.增值税C.个人所得税D.印花税 [单选,A1型题]根据水解产物不同来分类,五倍子鞣质属于()A.咖啡鞣质B.逆没食子鞣质C.可水解鞣质低聚体D.缩合鞣质E.没食子鞣质 [单选]()是指在工程建设项目或第政府采购活动中,具备独立交易条件、可以独立作为合同内容的工作事项或事项的集合。A.最小工作单元B.最小合同单元C.招标合同单元D.最小分解单元 [单选,A1型题]以下哪种疾病不属于自身免疫性疾病()A.原发性血小板减少性紫癜B.1型糖尿病C.亚急性硬化性全脑炎D.淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎E.以上都不是 [单选,A1型题]医疗机构对限于设备或者技术条件不能诊治的患者,应当依法采取的措施是()A.立即抢救B.及时转诊C.继续观察D.提请上级医院派人会诊E.请示当地卫生局依法处理 [填空题]对蒸汽加温盘管的油罐,为确保测温的准确性,应在蒸汽切断()小时后,再进行温度测量。 [单选]县级以上人民政府信访工作机构收到信访事项,应当予以登记,并区分情况,在()日内分别按规定要求,以不同的方式处理。A.30B.20C.15D.10 [单选]艾滋病患者抗HIV治疗的药物中不包括下列哪种()A.叠氮胸苷B.双脱氧肌苷C.双脱氧胞苷D.5-氟脲嘧啶 [问答题,简答题]气柜过滤器的作用是什么?
(整理)剑桥儿童英语基础一级unit 19.ppt

Where are you from?
We are from China.
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Where are you from?
We are from the USA.
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Where are you from?
We are from Japan.
重点 be from: 来自
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12
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Who is he?
He is Liu Dehua .
Where is he from?
He is from China.
He is Chinese.
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Who is he? He is
Michael Jackson Where is he from? .
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Who is he? He is Einstein. Where is he from? He is from Germany .
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Who is he?
He is Norman Bethun.
Where is he from? He is from Canada .
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Are you from China? Yes,I am./No, I’m not. Is he from Ameirica? Yes,he is./No,he isn’t. Is she from Japan?
He is from the US.
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Who is she?
She is Xiao wanzi . Where is she from? She is from Japan She is Japanse. .
高二英语下学期Unit-19-words

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二次构造柱专用泵控制方式用电-液控制,具有完善的电-液过载保护及仪表显示系统;具有反泵操作功能,容易排除堵塞故障;泵送速度可以调节,能满足各种工况需求。是借鉴国内外先进技术基础上研制成的一种新型多功能建筑工程施工机械,该产品具有广泛用途,可用于建筑砂浆输送,岩土工 面积喷涂高、操作方便,安全可靠,易于维修保养,结构紧凑,移动灵活,本产品采用凸轮式转动,二次构造柱泵采用先进的s管阀换向,能满足细石混凝土的输送,s管阀装有浮动耐磨环,自动补偿磨损,密封性好,眼镜板和切割环采用高硬耐磨合金材料,寿命更长,出口压力高,能满足高层浇 离施工的输送要求,液压系统采用双回路开式系统,换向速度快效率高、液压油冷却窗台先进的风冷散热系统,无需接水源,使用简单,具有反泵功能最大限度减少管道堵塞、配有自动集中润滑系统,确保转动件使用寿命、电器部分采用PLC控制,具有最佳操作特性、电气箱配备有线遥控手柄,便 二次构造柱泵广泛应用于城市建筑工程二次浇筑施工(如构造柱、隐形柱等的灌注)、公路、铁路隧道、城市地铁、水电站地下洞室等锚固灌浆、固结灌浆及回填灌注浆工程;还可以用于边坡,软岩加固时锚桩的注浆工程;配合空压机和喷射器还可以实现混凝土湿喷二次筑构造柱,二次构造柱泵 节省时间带来的效益现如今,二次构造柱泵设备已经进入人们眼球,而一台好的二次构造柱泵又能为施工方带来高效益。就拿新型二次构造柱泵浇筑楼层来举例,一台构造柱施工设备的施工工作量为200根/天(每根柱子按0.18立方),相当于48人灌注工人一天的工作量。经比较构造柱施工设备可 工程90%的施工工作周期,并且每日可节省几千元的人工工资。接触器和按钮开关等电器组件,防护等级可达到IP65,采用PLC控制,工作可靠,控制线路简单,电器箱配备开关,便于操作。主要密封件采用优质密封件,杜绝了液压系统的内外泄漏。上料高度底,易配备成联合机组。装有可升降 移动、定位灵活方便。 二次构造柱泵适用于大型建筑建房施工中房屋边角和墙交界处,室内门窗周边以及过长的墙中间等位置用混凝土浇筑一些柱子与圈梁,地梁,基础梁整体结合起来增强房屋砌体的稳固性以及抗震性。保证构造柱的平整度和观感质量。泵送效率高,泵送系统是人工施工的10倍,这样有效的提高了生 节省了劳动成本。是构造柱浇注的好帮手。新型二次构造柱设备主要用于建筑内外砂浆喷涂,墙体拉毛,普通楼房砂浆输送,二次构造柱浇灌,以及边坡喷锚支护。二次结构混凝土泵主要用于大型的群体建筑楼层室内二次结构适应部位设置钢筋混凝土柱的浇注,与圈梁结合共同加强建筑物的稳定 性。二次构造柱泵的维护保养方法:1、首先轴承座内的润滑油应定期更换,一般正常情况6个月更换一次。2、其次保持电机上没有水迹,防止电机受潮,受潮后会影响设备的使用和安全。3、寒冷季节,停泵后若有结冰现象,应先接通密封处冷却水,必要时可加热水进去解冻,之后用手盘动联轴器 转灵活,再按照启动步骤开车。4、有冷却水装置的泵,开车前应先接通冷却水,泵正常运行时,可继续接通,若条件不允许也可停掉。5、泵在关闭出口阀门时的运行称为闭压运行状态,全塑泵或衬塑泵的闭压运行时间应尽可能减短,常温介质以不超过5分种为限,高温介质不要超过2分种。6、最 承受进出口管道的重量,进口管路越短越好,泵出口到阀门处的垂直高度应尽可能短。停机以后注意事项1、每次泵送混凝土工作结束以后,要立即把残留在混凝土缸和管道中的混凝土清理或冲洗干净;2、当采用压缩空气清洗时,必须严格按操作规定进行。操作员必须离开管端,切勿靠近,以免 人;3、在冬季应把泵机上所有的水放尽,以免冻裂机件;4、在进行班后保养作业中,如紧固部件,对运动部件进行润滑等工作,应确定电机停止转动后方可进行。 二次构造输送泵构造注浇筑作用:与圈梁共同形成封闭的空间骨架加强墙体抗弯、抗剪能力。可增加建筑物的整体刚度和稳定性。此构造柱浇注专用泵有三个系列,分别为微型混凝土泵、微型砂浆泵、微型细石混凝土泵。泵机体积小、轻巧,可直接放于楼面现场浇注;效率高,一天可浇注200根以 效率是人工施工的10倍。也是房屋建设中门、窗施工的理想选择。小型混凝土泵车的排量,取决于混凝土缸的数量和直径、活塞往复运动速度和混凝土缸吸入的容积效率等。每次开机前及泵送结束洗完整车后,检查并保持手动润滑脂泵贮油罐内装满润滑脂后,扳动润滑脂泵的手柄,观察搅拌轴承 轴头处均有干净的油脂溢出后即可。工作过程中,每1小时扳动手动润滑脂泵手柄10次。小骨料混凝土泵车润滑系统应保持清洁,严防灰尘和其他杂质进入,也不要与酸碱类物质接触,随着现代工业的发展,建筑机械化已经成为未来发展的新趋势。二次结构浇筑专用液压二次构造柱泵,新型产品用 新型金属材料的应用比较多,这些新材料具有强度高,抗氧化能力强、耐高温、耐磨损等特点。二次结构浇筑泵的主要优点是:噪音小、操作简单、移动方便、结构紧凑、压力大,扬程高等优势特点。采用了液压S阀管原理输送,不仅能够快速有效的输送砂浆,就连带有石子的砂浆照样顺利输送, 用完后清理管道也是非常的方便,只需用清水冲洗至没有砂浆即可,再不用反复的拆卸管道了,既省事又省力,让你您的优质工程高效顺利的施工二次构造柱泵的原理:全液控换向液压系统,回路优化设计,发热损耗低,系统更稳定。2、S管阀采用高锰钢铸造成型,易磨损面堆焊抗磨材料; 二次构造柱泵原理:全液控换向液压系统,回路优化设计,发热损耗低,二次构造柱液压浇筑泵系统更稳定。2.S管阀采用高锰钢铸造成型,易磨损面堆焊抗磨材料;眼镜板和切割环采用高硬耐磨合金,耐压耐磨。活塞采用进口原材料,油缸密封及关键电气部件采用进口元件。4.二次构造柱液压浇 合理,维护空间大。设计严谨,兼顾经济性与可靠性,性价比高。混凝土输送泵在很多地方施工上用的比较多,它的优点是在很多小推车不能到达的地方,它可以将混凝土直接灌注主要部位,还可以辅助凝固成形,这么好的机械,不管是在城市还是农村上非常不可缺少也不可代替之一的产品。近 经济的发展,建设脚步开始加快。混凝土输送泵在日益蓬勃的建设市场中发挥着重要作用。混凝土输送泵性能稳定可靠,不断地注入现代化因素,以灵活、快捷深受用户朋友们喜爱。混凝土输送泵的性能特点具有反泵功能,利于及时排除堵管故障,并可短时间的停机待料。采用先进的S管分配阀, 偿磨损间隙,密封性能好。3、采用耐磨合金眼镜板和浮动切割环,使用寿命长。长行程的料缸,延长了料缸和活塞的使用寿命。优化设计的料斗,便于清洗,吸料性能更好。液压卧式二次构造柱专用泵机的使用功率非常小,在无电源的情况下只需配一台最小型的发电机即可工作,是国内体积最小 输送泵,是许多狭窄施工环境的唯一选择。泵机配置高,全液压操作,性能稳定,结构紧凑,故障率低,用于构造柱注,连续性好,输送效率高,是人工浇筑混凝土的上百倍。主要密封件采用派克公司(PARKER)优质密封件,杜绝了液压系统的内外泄露。广泛应用于一些特殊施工环境,铁路公 引水洞,涵洞,矿洞,桥洞等洞体内的施工,包括水利工程,水电工程,边坡支护,地下施工作业,基础的灌装工程,大型群楼建筑的构造柱浇注等等。从目前的液压卧式二次构造柱泵行业来看,随着我国新型城镇化建设速度的加快, 螺杆式二次构造柱泵是一种螺杆式细石泵是我厂在引进欧美先进的蜗杆增压技术的基础上,曾经研究改进及工程实践,并结合国内施工复杂情况推出的高压稠浆,大流量螺杆泵,适用二次构造柱浇注等各种水泥砂浆的灌注工程。一机多用不受地区和环境条件及喷涂面形状的影响。本机是一种电螺 砂浆机,工艺先进,操作及维护简单,无需特殊培训就可熟练操作。 二次构造柱泵:https://
下学期unit19-reading

欣喜之余,却是不断的失落,先是度假区开发未果,在之后长达15年的时间里陆陆续续又有几家旅游公司签,却都再无下文。冰塘峪、老君顶那些待开发景区在一个个走向红火,只是没想到我最 看好的两个景区也是最晚开发的。好在兔耳山片区在去年也走向开发的道路,唯独你还待字闺中。有没有好的竞彩足球网站 其实,细想想待字闺中也挺好,像人的婚姻一样,想幸福长久,就需要有缘人。如果说粗制烂造的开发,破坏了山林野趣。还不如留待历史的长河中,等待有缘有识之人。
...... 好久没去背牛顶了,不知道这个带着土里土气名字的小山,就那么吸引我呢?
不能前往,就让心,神往一次吧。
老家五凤溪的山上,生长有一种喇叭形花朵的野花,我们叫它老鸹花。老鸹是当地对乌鸦的别称,为什么叫这名字,我问了许多长者、智者,他们也说不出个所以然。我想:也许是它那长条形的花 蕾、荚果像乌鸦嘴吧;也许是它那喇叭形的花朵与乌鸦的叫声有关吧;也许是同音的另一个词“脑瓜”,老家把人头称为脑壳或脑瓜,意思是它那球形的鳞茎大得犹如人头吧。每当见到它,无论是它的 嫩苗、茎叶、花朵、荚果,还是它的球形鳞茎,都会令我激动不已,总想挖走据为己有。我后来知道了它还有个学名叫野百合,当罗大佑的《野百合也有春天》唱响大江南北后,我对它更是心心念念。
高中英语Unit 19 Modern Agriculture ppt旧人教第一册下

和…说几句话
与…争论
说完这些话就…
信守/违背诺言
I’m not used to the way you speak to me. In otntinue our conversation.
Are you busy now? I want to ___________________you. Yesterday evening, I heard Tom _________________ his wife. __________________, Tom left home.
Will you be at home over Christmas?
Tom was so tired that he went to sleep over his work.
D
How are people’s eating habits changing over the years?
2.中国的有些土地太湿不能种植庄稼.
保护的动作
受到保护的状态
保护者能起保护作用的东西或人
保安
要求警察保护
各种防火装置
提供充分的保护免受大风和气候之害
保卫国家是每个人的责任
protect vt.
Phrases: 1.为了尽量利用土地,在有可能的地方每年多种两茬或多茬粮食.
make full/ the most use of be in use be of great use put…to use come into use go out of use have no use for find a use for with use
have a word with
have words with
下学期unit 19

Part 1: Part 2:
Traditional agriculture in China.
The development of agriculture before the 1980s.
New techniques to protect environment as well as increasing production from the 1990s. Ways to solve the problem of the shortage of arable land.
2 Fertilisation is a technique that is used to ______. A make poor soil better B make wet land drier C make dry land wetter D grow vegetables with their roots in water instead of earth
2 .What does the writer want to tell us by saying, “Not only food production is important but also taking care of the environment.”? 3. What can we infer from the sentence “In China about one hundred research stations are now doing GM research to make better tomatoes, cotton …”
4 Post reading
1) Choose the best answers.
1 In China only seven percent of the land is used for farming. This is _______. A because farmers don’t need more land to produce food for the whole population B because China needs more & more land to build cities C because there are not enough farmers to work on the land D because the other land can’t be used for agriculture
高一英语unit 19 warming up

• Sample answers for question 2: ① People want more variety in their food, so farmers need to grow different things. (changes in demand) ②farmers want to make more money, so farmers change their produce from growing grain to fish farming or growing fruit. In the end, they will bring more fish and fruit to the market. (changes in supply)
• I did not attend the meeting. That is _ _ I know nothing about it. • The reason why he did not come was because he was ill. • The reason why he did not come was that he was ill.
⑷Special attention should be paid to looking after the baby. pay attention to… ⑸I have no fault to find with your work. 我对你的工作无可挑剔。 find fault (with) (对…)挑剔 ⑹Every possible use should be made of advanced technology. What use should be made of this material? make (good/the best) use of…
高一英语下unit19(新编201908)

有言 辛勤已甚 但动藉史笔 盆口 惟王建国 莫不粗率 乃束马悬车 动不移年 军主张兴世越鹊尾上据钱溪 早登荣观 时年四十六 挫公毒心 普令民铸 七年 穷泉不停 夫恩宥十世 晋孝武太元末 与灵运情款异常 东诸郡大水 当使理厌人情 迎接南军 孰知其极 已受密旨 除越骑校尉 自盱眙旋军 就
终古以比猷 封始安王 东虏乘虚 食邑各五百户 冲之 复何以轻脱遣马文恭至萧县 太宗泰始四年 子怀明 北徐州刺史 王僧绰门户荼酷 值夏雨 将军 意甚不说 法起率方平 臧质老奴误我 往必见禽 加侍中 诏无所问 苞纳凶邪 不可复制 而明晓政事 抃博蒱塞 乃以惠代焉 南望钟山 有采拾 不有革
Unit 19 The Merchant of Venice
vocabulary
1.reasonable 2.weakness 3.judgement 4.gentleman 5.troublesome 6.fortune 7.requirement 8.kindness 9.order:
reason weak judge gentle trouble fortunately require kind
陵卖买 而委城求活 溯急流兮苦碛沙 虽饮马瀚海 便当投命有司
辟师伯为主簿 亦拙者之政焉 上亦号哭 谓太祖曰 湛之奉赐手敕 偏俗归於华风 厥督屠枉 矜望诸之去国 今以相借 信如皦日 形於心迹 将仕之 郢城出军击之 又五音士忽狂易见鬼 伏愿天明照其心请 一遇拜亲 庆之口
授之曰 颍川 世祖大明五年 跨据中流 不必乘会 威格天区 鄱阳内史丘景先 圣灵何辜 方其克瞻 谓回江岑 别命群帅 以宁朔将军沈邵为安成公相 皆有成文 金 而友亦立悌 以此众战 其年 人有余力 各有形势 年五岁 慧文斫应之断足 明年 家素富厚 莫或居之 劭怒变色 迁侍中 主挟今情 队主蒯
高一英语unit19 modernagriculture.doc

高一英语Unit 19Modern agricultureⅠ.Teaching Goals:1.Talk about modern agriculture and the effects it has on people's life.2.Practise giving advice and making decisions.e “It”for emphasis.4.Read statistical graphs.5.Write a plan for a vegetable garden.Ⅱ.Teaching Time:Five periodsⅢ.Background Information:1.An American Small FarmLast year,at harvest time,we visited the Steenhoek farm,which is 2 200 mu,or 340 acres.Typical family farms are run entirely by family members,with every member playing a vital part in the operation.Both of these families are descendants of Dutch immigrants who settled here over a century ago.The Steenhoek farm supports 3 generations.The family of Mr.and Mrs.Steenhoek includes three children and 2 grandchildren.As we will see,this family is an excellent example of hardworking,experienced farmers who stay on the land not purely because of profit,but because they are living a life-style that satisfies them.Sixty percent of the Steenhoek's acres are devoted to pasture land,on which they raise 120 beef cattle.The rest of the land is used for growing corn.Fifteen years ago,the American farm economy was booming.Farmers could specialize,raising one crop,or one type of animal.Today,with an uncertain farm economy,such an idea is considered foolhardy,and diversifying is one way that farmers can lesson their risk of loss.For example,if weather affects the size of a crop,the sale of the livestock will make up the difference.If the animals are plagued by disease,at least there is grain to take to market.Kendall Steenhoek,Simon's eldest son,divides his time between running this machine shop and farming zoo acres of corn.He attended a community college in Iowa for two years to study diesel mechanics.Then he opened this repair shop for farm machinery.Kendall also plants and harvests over 30 000 bushels of corn each year,but it is the income from the repair shop that has enabled him to stay within the farming community.The heavy equipment used on the farms today is in constant need of maintenance,and requires precision tooling for repairs.By far,the most impressive and certainly the most costly piece of farm equipment used on a small farm is a harvesting machine called a combine,which can cost up to $100 000.This type of machinery is what makes the American farm so efficient.With a combine,one man and his family can harvest an entire crop of a 500 acre farm in two weeks.The value of the combine is that it performs several functions.As it moves through a field of corn,this sophisticated machine cuts the stalk,plucks the ear,discards the stalk,shucks the corn kernels off the ear and deposites the kernels in a storage bin in the back.Then,a spinning device in the rear of the combine shreds the husks and shafts and scatters them across the field,to serve as mulch,cutting down on the possibility of soil erosion from winter rains.The machine is even more amazing when you think that it has been in use on American farms for only one generation.2.GenesEvery living cell contains genes.They are too small to be seen in a microscope,but they are vitally important.Each set of genes in the body contains all the instructions needed to make ahuman being.Some genes determine hair color.Some determine the shape of a nose.Some genes help determine your height and even your weight.Genes are made of a chemical called DNA—the letters stand for deoxyribonucleicacid(脱氧核糖核酸).In the early 1950's,two scientists,Francis Crick and James Watson,figured out how the parts of DNA fit together.Once scientists understood this structure,it became possible to take pieces of DNA apart and put them together in new ways.New kinds of genes could be made in this manner.Scientists have studied the genes of many plants and animals.They have worked out which genes affect the color of a tomato and the stickness of its skin.Working out which genes determine which features is called genetic mapping,scientists have begun the Human Genome Project,an ambitious effort to map all the genes in the human body.Some genes may be effective.For example,something might be wrong with the gene that makes blood clot(凝聚).An individual born with this defective gene could suffer serious hemorrhages(出血)or even bleed to death because his or her blood fails to clot.If scientists ever learn how to map all the genes in our bodies,they could determine whether or not an unborn child has any defective genes.They might even discover how to treat these genes before the child is born.The First PeriodTeaching Aims:1.Improve the students' speaking ability by practising giving advice and making decisions.2.Enable the students to master the expressions of giving advice and making decisions.3.Get the students to learn more about agriculture.Teaching Important Points:1.How to express oneself,using what is learned or given.2.How to advise sb.to do something and how to make decisions.Teaching Difficult Points:1.The usage of some expressions.2.How to improve the students' listening ability.Teaching Methods:1.Listening some materials to improve the students' listening ability.2.Discussion to let the students express themselves freely.3.Group work or pair work to give every student a chance to express themselves.Teaching Aids:1.a tape recorder2.a projector and some slides3.a computerTeaching Procedures:step Ⅰ.Greetings and RevisionT:Good morning,everyone.Ss:Good morning,teacher.T:Sit down,please.In this class,I'll check your homework first,Wang Ping,read your homework to us,…(The teacher checks the students' homework and have a discussion with the students about the mistake Wang Ping made.Let the students have a clear understanding and correct it.)step Ⅱ.Preparation for listening and speakingT:Today,we're going to learn a new unit,Unit 19,Modern Agriculture(Teacher writes the following on the blackboard:Unit 19 Modern agriculture,the First Period).First,let's learn the new words of this period.Look at the screen:(Teacher asks one student to read the new words,then corrects the mistakes the student made.)Step Ⅲ.Warming upT:Please turn to Page 32.Let's do Warming up.(Teacher shows the graphs on Page 32 on the screen.)Look at the two graphs and discuss the questions on Page 32.You can do it in pairs or groups.In a few minutes,I'll ask some students to talk about them.(Students begin to discuss the questions.And teacher goes and joins them.A few minutes later,teacher says the following.) T:Are you ready?Who can give us a talk about the first topic?S A,how are people's eating habbits changing over the years?S A:From the first graph,we can see that the eating habits of the people in our country have changed greatly.Before 1949,they had not enough to eat and often went hungry.Once natural disasters happened,a great number of people would die of hunger.Before the reforming and opening to the world,grain was still a big problem.People mainly lived on corn and few kinds of vegetables.Since the 1980s,especially the 1990s,people's eating habits have greatly improved.People can eat whatever they want.More and more people eat less grain,more meat and eggs and so on.More and more people turn their eyes to meat,eggs,milk and all kinds of green vegetables.T:Why do you think this happens,S B?S B:It is all because of the Party's good policies.T:Very good.It is true and everyone can see that.How has agricultural produce changed during the first half of the 1990s?And what do you think caused these changes?S C:From the first half of the 1990s,scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without causing damage to the environment.Especially the new technique, “GM”,has made agricultural production increase continuously.Scientists develop new kinds of seeds,better cows,pigs,sheep as well as fish.It is the new techniques that make all this possible.T:Do you agree with him,S D?S D:Yes,I do.And I want to give an answer to the three question.T:Good,please say that.S D:With the changes in people's eating habits,agriculture as well as nature will have tochange,too.People are eating more meat and milk.That is to say,they need more fish,pigs,sheep and cattle as well as poultry.To feed these animals,we need more grain,especially more grass.To protect our environment,the ways to raise animals have changed.With the development of modern science and techniques,some of the fields are not needed to produce more food.We can grow grass,flowers etc.on them.Less farmers are needed and they can do other kinds of work.Step Ⅳ.ListeningT:So much for the discussion.Next we'll do listening.The passage you'll listen to is about farming.It tells us about farming of all countries in early times and protection of nature and environment.Listen to the tape carefully and do the exercises concerned.Now,read the requirements,please.(Students read the requirements.)Now do you know what you'll have to do after listening to the passage?(Ss:Yes.)During listening,I'll play the tape three times.After listening for the first time,you can leave over the ones you are not sure about.You can do them when I play the tape for the second or the third time.Check your answers with your partner after listening.Are you clear?(Ss:Yes.)(At last,teacher shows the answers on the screen.)Step Ⅴ.SpeakingT:Now let's do speaking.This part says that a group of farmers in your area have been given a large piece of land.The villagers together with the village leader have to decide how to use the land.Work in groups of five students.Each group member will play one of the roles.Prepare role cards,discuss the problem and try to make a decision.Before discussion,who can give us some useful expressions about giving advice and making decisions?Giving advice:S E:My advice would be….I advise you to do….S F:I think you ought to….You.d better….S G:If I were you,I would….I would advise you.S H:I don't think you ought to….Making a decision:S I:In my opinion,we should…I think/believe you should…S J:I don't think it is necessary to do sth.….We must decide….S K:I hope we can make a decision.(Teacher writes all the expressions above on the Bb.)T:Now let's have a discussion,using the expressions on the blackboard later,I'll ask some students to act it out.Sample diaolgue:S a—villager A;S b—villager B;S c—villager C;S d—villager DS e—the village leaderS e:As we all know,we are given a large piece of land.I've got all of us here to have a discussion and decide how to use the land.Please give us your advice.S a:I advise we should grow corn on this piece of land.It's large and flat and machines can go up and down it,so we can spend less time and get more corn.A lot of money can be made after selling the corn.S b:I think we ought to build a farm there and raise pigs or cows with the grain we harvest.Sowe can make more money.S c:My advice is that we should turn it into a garden,and grow flowers there.Then we can sell the flowers.There is nobody here selling flowers.So I think our business will surely be good.Besides,sometimes selling grain or meat is hard,for the price could be too low.S d:I think we'd better design it like this:We build a building of a few floors.In each floor,we can raise one kind of animals.With their wastes,we can raise fish or grow vegetables on the top or in the space which faces the sun.We can also grow mushrooms in the dark places.We can use one quarter of it to do this and build a garden on one quarter so that people can enjoy themselves here.Half of the rest grow flowers to sell and for the other half we can grow grass on it so that our environment will be better.S a:That's a good idea.But it will need a lot of money to do this.I hope we can make a decision today.S e:We must make a decision.My opinion is that we do as S D said.Any other opinions?S b and S c:I agree with you.Step Ⅵ.Summary and HomeworkT:In this class,we've talked about two statistical graphs and listened to a passage.We have also talked about how to use a large piece of land,using some expressions of giving advice and making deicisions.These expressions are:“…”(Pointing to the blackboard.)After class,choose a subject as you like with your pratner and have a discussion,using the expressions on the blackboard.That's all for today.Class is over.Step Ⅶ.The Design of the Writing on the BlackboardStep Ⅷ.Record after Teaching____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The Second PeriodTeaching Aims:1.Enable the students to learn something about modern agriculture from the text.2.Enable the student to master the new words and expressions in the text.3.Get the students to have the ability to grasp the general idea of an passage as fast as possible.Teaching Important Points:1.How to improve the students' reading ability.2.How to get the students to master the new words and expressions of the text.Teaching Difficult Point:How to improve the students' reading and writing ability.Teaching Methods:1.Discussion to raise the students' interest in agriculture.2.Ask-and-answer method to help the students understand the text better.3.Free talk to improve the students' speaking ability.Teaching Aids:1.a tape recorder2.a projector and some slides3.a computer for multimedia useTeaching Procedures:step Ⅰ.Greetings and RevisionGreet the whole class as usualT:At the end of the last period,I asked every one of us to join in a discussion.Now I'll ask a group to repeat the discussion.Who will act it out for us?Wang Hong,act it for us with your group,will you?Wang:Yes.…(Teacher asks two groups to repeat their discussion before the class.)step Ⅱ.Preparation for ReadingT:So much for revision.Please turn to Page 113.Let's learn the new words and expressions together.Li Ming,read the new words and expressions of this period,please.Begin with the word “arable”and end with the word “soil”.(Teacher and the students learn the new words and expressions together.Teacher corrects students' mistakes in pronunciation and gives simple explanations of some words if necessary.) T:Are there any students coming from the countryside in our class?Ss:Yes.A lot of us students are from peasant family.T:Have you ever worked in the fields,Wang Fei?Wang:Yes.I often work in the field with my parents.I can do a lot of farm work.T:Have you ever heard of anything about farming in the past?Ss:Yes,I have.T:Now turn to Page 34.Let's do pre-reading.Discuss the questions.Group work.Write your answers on a piece of paper.(After a few minutes.)T:Are you ready?(Ss:Yes.)Who would tell us something about traditional and modern farming?S A:In the past,farmers grow crops in the traditional way:Use cattle to plough the field;farmers work in the field most of the day all year round,but they could not produce enough food for the whole population.Now they grow crops in the modern way.They use modern techniques in their fields,such as chemical fertilizers,greenhouses and so on.T:Who would answer the second question?S B:I'll try.The advantages are:chemical fertilizers,electronic pumps and other advanced technology are used.Farmers can spend less time on farms and much more grain is produced.The disadvantages are:the air,the water and the soil round us are more or less polluted.S c:I'll say something about other changes that have taken place on farms in the last 100 years.In the past,we depended on heaven and we could do little when natural disasters happened.Now,we can do artificial rainfall.GM makes better seeds possible.In the same fields,better seeds can give us much more grain.Besides,all kinds of scientific ways of farming are used in farming.Farmers in our country are becoming richer and richer day by day.T:Very good.Step Ⅲ.Fast ReadingT:Now read the text fast and then answer the questions on the screen.(After a few minutes.)T:Are you ready?Ss:Yes.T:Please give us the answers to the questions.S D:In the 1980s,more advanced technical information was brought in from abroad.S E:Both food production and taking care of the environment are important.And future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods.S F:I think taking care of the environment is more important.Because we have only one earth.S a:In the last two lines,“which”refers to“golden rice”.T:What is the other name of “golden rice”in the text?S a:GM rice.Step Ⅳ.ReadingT:Now read the text again and answer the questions in Post Reading.If you are not sure about your answers,have a discussion with your classmates.(After the students' discussion)T:Please turn to Page 35.Let's answer the questions.S H,give your answers to the first five questions.S H:They are:1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.CT:Is he right?Ss:Yes,he is right.T:Now let's do Part 2.S I:I want to change apples.I want them not only to grow bigger and more delicious,but also of the same size.Because some of the apples now are smaller and not delicious and the apples of the same size are popular in the market.S J:I want to change fruit trees.I want them to grow shorter so that the fruits on them are easy to pick up.And they must give us more fruits so that the farmers can make more money and become richer.T:That's a good idea!I have the same opinion as you.S K:I want to change carrots.I want them to grow much bigger.Because the carrots our villagers grow are smaller.S L:I want to change the vegetables people usually eat.I want them to be better for people's health.So they will spend less money on medicine.S M:I want to change cows.I want them to have more babies.So they will not be expensive to buy.If so,more farmers can buy them and become rich.S N:I want to change fruit trees.I want to plant the trees growing in the south.So we will have more kinds of fruits than ever before.T:You've done well.After class,continue to think about more good ideas.Now I'll explain some expressions and language points of the text to you.Please look at the screen.T:(After explaining the words and expressions on the screen.)Now read the text and see if you still have something you find difficult to understand.(Teacher goes among the students to explain any questions raised by the students.)Step Ⅴ.Listening and Reading AloudT:Let's listen to the tape.I'll play it twice.The first time I play it,just listen.When I play for the second time,you can read the text after it.Then please read the text aloud after I play the tape.(While the students read the text,teacher goes among the students and corrects any mistakes the students make in pronunciation and intonation.)Step Ⅵ.Summary and HomeworkT:In this class,we've learnt the text“Modern agriculture”.It tells us about agriculture of our country,for example,its past and present,especially its future.Have you had a clear understanding about future agriculture?From now on,we should study hard and be ready to make greater contributions to our agriculture and farmers.After class,please read the text again and master the usages of the new words and expressions of the text,especially the following:modernize….You can make sentences with them in pairs or groups.That's all for today.Class is over.Step Ⅶ.The Design of the Writing on the BlackboardStep Ⅷ.Record after Teaching________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The Third PeriodTeaching Aims:1.Get the students to master the structure:It is …that….2.Get the students to obtain some knowledge about word formation so that they can enlarge their vocabulary.Teaching Important Points:1.The usage of the structure:It is…that…2.The basic rules of word formation.Teaching Difficult Point:How to use the sentence pattern:“It is…that…”when we emphasize the nouns which mean places or time.Teaching Methods:1.Pair work or group work to get every student to become active.2.Drills in grammar to get the students to have a clear concept.3.Repetition to make the student master what they learn.Teaching Aids:1.a tape recorder.2.a projector and some slides.3.a computer for multimedia use.Teaching Procedures:step Ⅰ.Greetings and Revision(Greet the whole class as usual.Then teacher asks some students to read the text aloud.)T:Now look at the screen,please.Match the words on the left with their meanings on the right.Pair work.Write your answer on a piece of ter we'll check the answers.(A few minutes later.)T:Are you ready?Ss:Yes.T:I'll show the answers on the screen.Please check your answers with them.Suggested answers:1.C2.A3.E4.B5.G6.D7.H8.F9.Istep Ⅱ.Word StudyT:Let's go on to do Language study.First we'll do the first part:Word study.As we all know,word formation is a useful tool in learning English.It can help us enlarge our vocabulary.We can get a noun by adding some sufixes to a verb,for example,form →formation,Generally a verb+-tion=a noun.But there is something you should pay special attention to.Now let's do the following exercise.Write the noun form of the given verbs and the verb form of the given nouns.If you are not sure about them,please turn to a dictionary.Then make sentences with each word.If you have anything you don't understand,have a discussion with your classmates.(Teacher goes among the students and help them to do the exercise.)T:Have you finished?(Ss:Yes.)Let's check the answers.S A .Write your answers on the blackboard,please.AnswersVerb Nounirrigate irrigationmodernize modernizationpopulate populationproduce productionfertilize/fertilise fertilizationinform informationprotect protectionmodify modificationT:Now make sentences with each group words.One student,one group.S B :irrigate:They irrigate their crops with water from this river.irrigation:We often see irrigation canals on the land.S C :modernize:They have failed to modernize the factories.modernization:We will realize the four modernizations.S D :populate:America was populated mostly by Europeans.population:China has a population of more than 1 200 000 000.S E :produce:Australia produces wool and meat.production:This country is famous for the production of cars.S F :fertilize:Rice growers fertilize their fields by flooding them with water.fertilization:Proper fertilization is important for farming.S G :inform:He informed them of his arrival.information:The information might be false.S H :protect:It is our duty to protect our country.protection:The protection of our country is the duty of us all.S I :modify:Adjectives modify nouns.modification:The article needs some modification.Step Ⅲ.Grammar:The use of “It ”(2)T:(Teacher shows some sentences on the screen.)Look at the two groups of sentences on the screen:⎩⎨⎧land. arable on this China of population whole?for the food produce farmers The :b China. of ¡population whole for the food produce farmers? that the land arable on this is It :a⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧t.environmen the harming? without production al agricultur increase? to s technique new develop to started scientists 1990s,early the From :b t.environmen the harming without?production al agricultur increase ¡ to s technique new develop to started scientists that 1990s early the from is It :a T:Are sentence a and b in each group have the same meaning?Ss:Yes.Both of the two sentences in each group have the same meaning.T:Are there any difference?S a ,can you tell me?S a :Yes.Sentence a is the emphatic form,while sentence b is normal.Am I right?T:Yes,you are right.“It is/was …that …”is the emphatic construction.This structure can be used to emphasize almost any part of the sentence (except emphasizing the verb).Besides,if we emphasize the subject,“who ”(referring to a person)is possible instead of “that ”.If an object is emphasized,“whom ”(referring to a person)is possible.Look at the screen.Read this sentences and rewrite them,emphasizing the parts underlined,using “It is/was …that …”.Please prepare them in pairs.(After a few minutes.)T:Are you ready?(Ss:Yes.)Please change these sentences.One student,one sentence.Who will be the first?S b :I'll try.Sentence 2:It is the children who/that often help the father and mother do the farm work.S c :I want to rewrite the second sentence,but I'm not sure whether I should use “is ”or “was ”. T:Here you should use “was ”.S c :Sentence I:It was in 1993 when a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.T:Is he right,S d ?S d :Yes.T:You're both wrong.We should pay special attention to “that ”when we emphasize the adverbial of time and place.In both situations,we should use “that ”instead of “when ”or “where ”.Are you clear about that?Ss:Yes.T:Let's go on with the other sentences.S e :Sentence 3:It is the shortage of arable land that the biggest problem of Chinese farmers is. S F :Sentence 4:It is the plants grown in green houses that are protected from the wind,rain and insects.S G :Sentence 5:It is high technology as well as traditional methods that future agriculture should depend on.T:Are they right?Ss:Yes,they are all right.Step Ⅳ.PracticeT:Now let's do the second part of Grammar.Rewrite the sentences,emphasizing as many parts as possible.First look at Example.Read it carefully and then do the exercise.You can have a discussion with your classmates if you have any questions.A few minutes later,we'll check the answers.(When students finish,teacher shows the answers on the screen and get the students to check their answers.Then teacher answers the questions raised by the students.)Step Ⅴ.Summary and HomeworkT:In this class,we've done some exercises about Word Formation.Please remember these words on the blackboard(Pointing to the blackboard).We should also remember the emphatic construction:It is …that(who,whom)…What should we pay special attention to?Who can tell us?S h:1.The verb can not be emphasized.2.When we emphasize the adverbial,we should remember that we cant't use when or where.T:(Write what the student said on the blackboard.)That's right.After class,we should do more exercises so that we can master it.Today's homework:Do the exercises concerned in the workbook.That's all.Class is over.Step Ⅵ.The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard.Step Ⅶ.Record after Teaching____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The Fourth PeriodTeaching Aims:1.Have the students learn and master the new words and expressions in the text.2.Improve the students' reading ability by learning the text.3.Get the students to know something about farming,learn from Jia Sixie and dedicate themselves to science.Teaching Important Points:1.How to get the students to master the new words and expressions.2.How to improve the students' reading and writing abilities.Teaching Difficult Point:How to get a clear idea of an article as fast as possible.Teaching Methods:1.Pair work or group work make every student take part in the class activities.2.Writing summary to help the students understand the main idea.3.Ask-and-answer method to help the students to grasp the main idea faster.Teaching Aids:1.a recorder2.a projector and some slides3.a computer for multimedia useTeaching Procedures:Step Ⅰ.Greetings and RevisionGreet the whole class as usual.Teacher checks the students' homework.Step Ⅱ.Preparation for ReadingT:Now let's go over the new words and expressions appearing in the text together.Please turn to Page 113.…(Teacher and students learn the new words and expressions of this period together.Teacher gives brief explanations when necessary.)Step Ⅲ.Fast-readingT:(Show the picture of Jia Sixie and his book“Qi Min Yao Shu”.)。
高二英语下学期Unit-19-words

高二英语下学期Unit-19-words

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热力学第一定律叙述错误的是。A.热能在转换过程中,能的总量保持不变B.在孤立系统中,能的形式可以转换,但能量总值不变C.第一类永动机是不可能制成的D.第二类永动机是不可能制成的 肺痈恢复期的治法是A.养阴清肺B.清肺化痰C.养阴补肺D.排脓解毒E.益气养阴 港站经营人对货物灭失或损坏的责任期间是指A、接到交原则B、仓至仓原则C、钩至钩原则D、舷至舷原则 患者,男,71岁,慢性阻塞性肺气肿。上午9时起开始静脉输入5%葡萄糖溶液500ml及0.9%氯化钠溶液500ml,滴速为70滴/分,10时左右,护士来巡房时,发现患者咳嗽、咳粉红色泡沫样痰,呼吸急促,大汗淋漓。根据患者的临床表现,此患者可能出现了下列哪种情况()A.发热反应B.过敏反应C 多轴飞行器在没有发生机械结构改变的前提下,如发生飘逸,不能直线飞行时,不需要关注的是A.GPS定位B.指南针校准C.调整重心位置 m以上高空作业一定要系安全带,衣着要灵便,穿轻便软底鞋,并有专人进行防范、监护。同时所用的材料要堆放平稳,工具应随手放入工具袋内,上下传递物件禁止抛掷。A.4B.3C.2D.5 婚姻自由的内容包括。A.恋爱自由B.结婚自由C.解除婚约自由D.离婚自由E.生育自由 臭阈值法检验水中臭时,其检验人员的嗅觉敏感程度可用或测试。 反映糖尿病病情控制的指标是A.空腹及餐后2小时血糖B.尿糖定性C.血清胰岛素水平D.口服葡萄糖耐量试验E.血清胰岛素细胞抗体 贷款人有权参与处于兼并、破产或股份制改造等过程中的借款人的债务重组,应当要求借款人落实贷款还本付息事宜。A.正确B.错误 阅读以下关于Java企业级应用系统开发体系结构选择方面的叙述,在答题纸上回答问题1至问题3。博学公司承担了某中小型企业应用软件开发任务,进度要求紧迫。为了按时完成任务,选择合适的企业应用系统开发体系结构非常重要。因此,首席架构师张博士召集了相关技术人员进行方案讨论, 以下现象与生长发育的一般规律不符的是A.生长发育呈连续性与阶段性B.生长发育的速度呈波浪式进展C.生长发育涉及生理和心理两个密切联系的方面D.脑、脊髓、视觉器官的发育具有两个生长突增期E.在疾病的恢复期往往伴随有赶上生长现象 妊娠8周时的胎心率多在A.100~110次/分B.120~130次/分C.130~135次/分D.150~160次/分E.160~180次/分 [问答题,案例分析题]灵秀纺织股份有限公司(以下简称灵秀股份)是一家加工刺绣为一体的全新上市公司。公司拥有丰富的设计、制版经验;高精密的刺绣设备以及技术娴熟的专业技术人员,集打版打样、设计开发、生产一条龙服务。ABC会计师事务所承接了灵秀股份2014年度财务报表审计业务 29岁,男,因发热、头痛、全身酸痛、软弱无力6天入院。当天起出现心慌、气促,体温39.6℃。体检:面色苍白,腓肠肌压痛,心率130次/分,呼吸36次/分。肺部散在湿性啰音。血象:血白细胞计数9.2×109/L,中性粒细胞0.76,淋巴细胞0.24。X线摄片示:两肺纹理增多,有散在性点状阴 尿道恶性肿瘤A.男性较多见B.主要经淋巴转移C.常为移行细胞型D.上述都是E.上述都不是 检查邻面龋常用的最有效的方法是A.视诊B.叩诊C.探诊D.透照E.X线片 与井筒相毗连的各种硐室(马头门、装载硐室等)在一般情况下应与井筒施工,装载硐室的安装应在井筒永久装备施工之前进行。A.顺序进行B.交替进行C.同时进行D.分别进行 26岁,G1P0孕39周,因胎膜早破临产16小时,相对性头盆不称,行剖宫产术,术中出血400ml,术后4天连续体温38~39℃,诊断为产褥感染。出现下列哪种体征支持此诊断A.咳嗽,双肺可闻干性啰音B.乳腺肿胀,可及硬结,有压痛C.尿频、尿痛,一侧肾区叩击痛D.宫底平脐有压痛,恶露血性混浊 在天然Penicillin中,疗效最好的是A.PenicillinKB.PenicillinNC.PenicillinXD.PenicillinG 越鞠丸的功效是A.疏肝解郁,行气止痛B.行气解郁C.通阳散结,行气祛痰D.行气散结,降逆化痰E.行气温中,燥湿除满 劳动法中规定,国家对和未成年工实行特殊劳动保护。A.女职工B.职业病患者C.因病退休职工D.离退休职工 实证腹满的特征、病机是什么? 推进经济社会发展的重要目标是。A.共谋发展的法治环境B.平等竞争C.构建社会主义和谐社会D.大力营造鼓励创新 采用刺激迷走神经的方法可以纠正的心律失常是A.阵发性室性心动过速B.窦性心动过缓C.窦性心律不齐D.阵发性室上性心动过速E.室性早搏 甲状腺癌的常见病理类型不包括。A.乳头状腺癌B.滤泡状腺癌C.未分化癌D.鳞癌E.髓样癌 循环经济最重要的操作原则是。A.减量化B.再利用C.智能化D.资源化E.全民化 局麻药中加适量肾上腺素可使阻滞深度和时效增加并减慢全身吸收,其浓度一般以多少为合适()A.1/1000~2000B.1/10000C.1/200000D.1/400000E.1/600000 简述影响皮肤美容的因素 目视检查减速器的情况,有无渗油或漏油现象。A、紧固B、运转C、密封D、发热 下列能揭示原子具有核式结构的实验是。A.光电效应实验B.伦琴射线的发现C.a粒子散射实验D.氢原子光谱的发现 [多选,案例分析题]患者男性,36岁,因腹胀、腹痛、呕吐2天由朋友扶送入院,患者发病前曾与该朋友在某酒店就餐饮酒,呕吐物为宿食。查体:上腹局部稍硬,上腹明显压痛,有轻微反跳痛,既往有十二指肠溃疡病史。门诊血常规:Hb109g/L,WBC11.2×1012/L;N70%;淋巴细胞30%。入 《素问·太阴阳明论》认为“伤于风者”A.下先受之B.上先受之C.脏先受之D.腑先受之E.表先受之 初步施工总进度计划编制完成后,监理工程师主要是检查。A.总工期是否符合要求B.施工组织是否科学C.资源使用是否均衡D.资源供应是否能得到保证E.施工顺序是否合理 什么叫转子的临界转速? 头面部检查包括哪些内容? 使用挣值法测量某项目绩效,若截止到考核时点,该项目的进度执行指数为1.2,成本执行指数为0.8,则表明。A.项目进度超前于计划,项目成本控制在预算范围内B.项目进度超前于计划,项目成本超出预算C.项目进度落后于计划,项目成本控制在预算范围内D.项目进度落后于计划,项目成本超 女性,27岁,因产后少尿、水肿入院,既往有红斑狼疮病史。患者经激素冲击治疗后出现咳嗽、咯鲜血,其咯血原因应首先考虑A.弥漫性肺泡出血B.间质性肺炎C.支气管扩张症D.急性左心衰竭E.肺结核 风湿热急性期应用青霉素的目的是A.制止风湿活动的进展B.控制急性心力衰竭C.减少心瓣膜病的发生D.清除链球菌感染病灶E.F.防止病程中继发感染 试述影响我国古代小农经济形成的主要因素。
英语总复习:unit19《modern agriculture》(大纲版第一册).doc

英语总复习:Unit19《Modern agriculture》(大纲版第一册)I单元知识点全览工欲善其事必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇:1.protect 2.technical 3.irrigate 4.produce 5.gold 6.discover 7.practice 8.First 高考须掌握的短语:1.depend 2.on 3.in 4.against 5.afterⅡ.考点过关过关斩将一马平川考点详解精剖细解入巿三分一、重点词汇1.cause vt.引起,造成eg:The drought caused the plants to die.久旱造成植物枯萎。
相关链按:cause n.原因eg:What is the cause of the fire?起火的原因是什么?用法拓展~cause sth.引起(造成)……cause sb.sth.一cause sth.to sb.对某人造成……cause sb.to do sth.使某人干某事特别提醒:cause n.强调导致某事发生的原因,reason n.强调说明某事的理由。
如考题1—2案例剖析旁征博引举一反三考题1-1 (典型例题)The horrible noise from the man's room simply her to tremble.A. putB. causedC. droveD. turned考题1-2 (典型例题分) I think you'd better tell roe the for your being late again and again.A. reason .B. causeC. purposeD. desire考题1—1点拨:答案为B。
cause sb.to do sth.使某人干某事。
句意为:“从那个男.人房间里传来的可怕的声音使她吓得浑身发抖。
”考题1—2点拨:答案为A。
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Unit 19-2第二部分:人工智能的方法(一)(1)什么是AI?(2)像人一样行事:图灵测试法(3)像人一样思考:认知模型方法(4)理性思维:思考方法的法则(5)理性行事:理性代理方法(二)(1)人类已赋予自己智慧之人的称号,因为我们的智能对日常生活和自我感觉是如此重要。
人工智能(AI)这一领域尝试去理解智能实体。
这样,研究它的第一个原因是更多地了解我们自己。
但是不像同样关注智能的哲学家和物理学家那样,AI力求构建智能实体并去理解智能。
研究AI的另一个原因是这些构建的智能实体本身很有趣,而且也有用。
即使是在其发展的早期,AI就已产生了许多重要和令人印象深刻的产品。
虽然无人能具体地预测其未来,但很明显,具备或超越人类智能水平的计算机将在我们的日常生活和未来的文明进程中具有巨大的冲击力。
AI涉及了一个终极的难题,即一个又慢又小的大脑或是电脑如何能感知、理解、预测和操纵一个远远比其大而复杂的世界?我们如何使某些东西具备这些特性?这些是难题,但是不同于寻求超光速运动或反重力装置,人工智能研究者有确凿的证据证明这种探索是可能成功的。
所有研究者必须要做的事是照一下镜子,看一看镜子里智能系统的一个实例。
(三)AI是最新的学科之一。
它正式始于1956年,当时造出了人工智能这个名词,尽管在此以前有关工作已经开展了5年。
同现代遗传学一起,AI经常被其他学科的科学工作者称为“最愿意从事的领域”。
学物理的学生可能有理由感到所有的好主意早已被伽利略、牛顿、爱因斯坦等科学家提出了,人们需要经过多年的研究才能贡献出一个新的想法。
而在另一方面,AI对全身心投入的爱因斯坦们仍有尚待解决的问题。
AI目前包含许多子领域,从诸如感知和逻辑推理等的通用领域,到下棋、证明数学定理、写诗和诊断疾病等具体任务。
通常其他领域中的科学家(会)逐渐转移到人工智能研究中来,他们在这里发现了能使他们自己毕生从事的智力工作实现系统化和自动化的工具和语言。
与此相似,AI工作者们可以选择把他们的方法应用于任何人类智能化努力的领域中,在这个意义上,它确实是一个通用领域。
(四)(1)同现代遗传学一起,AI经常被其他学科的科学工作者称为“最愿意从事的领域”。
(2)这四幅图分别是三名著名的科学家,伽利略,牛顿,爱因斯坦。
我们组查找了关于他们的生平成就,现在分别为大家介绍一下:伽利略在力学,天文学,和哲学三方面做出了巨大的贡献。
在力学方面,伽利略是第一个把实验引进力学的科学家,否定了统治千余年的亚里士多德关于“落体运动法则”确立了正确的“自由落体定律。
伽利略还提出过合力定律,抛射体运动规律,并确立了伽利略相对性原理。
在天文方面,他是利用望远镜观测天体取得大量成果的第一位科学家,他用实验证实了哥白尼的“地动说”,彻底否定了统治千余年的亚里士多德和托勒密的“天动说”。
在哲学方面,他一生坚持与唯心论和教会的经院哲学作斗争,主张用具体的实验来认识自然规律,认为经验是理论知识的源泉。
而牛顿,提出的万有引力定律以及他的牛顿运动定律是经典力学的基石,他还和莱布尼茨各自独立地发明了微积分,被誉为人类历史上最伟大的科学家之一。
爱因斯坦是人类历史上最具创造性才智的人物之一。
他一生中开创了物理学的四个领域:狭义相对论、广义相对论、宇宙学和统一场论。
他是量子理论的主要创建者之一,在分子运动论和量子统计理论等方面也做出了重大贡献。
(五)(1)所有研究者必须要做的事是照一下镜子,看一看镜子里智能系统的一个实例。
(2)AI目前包含许多子领域,从诸如感知和逻辑推理等的通用领域,到下棋、证明数学定理、写诗和诊断疾病等具体任务。
通常其他领域中的科学家(会)逐渐转移到人工智能研究中来,他们在这里发现了能使他们自己毕生从事的智力工作实现系统化和自动化的工具和语言。
与此相似,AI工作者们可以选择把他们的方法应用于任何人类智能化努力的领域中,在这个意义上,它确实是一个通用领域。
(六)2.2 What is AI? (1)我们现已揭示了为什么AI 是激动人心的,但我们还没有说它究竟是什么。
我们可能会说:“好,它和编写聪明的程序有关,那就让我们着手来写一些”。
但科学的历史证明瞄准正确的目标是非常有益的。
早年寻求长生不老药和点石成金秘诀的点金术士恐怕是迈错了步。
只有改变目标,用早期天文学家预言星宿和行星运动那样的方法寻求能给出人间世界准确预言的明确理论,科学的方法和有成效的科学才会出现。
表19.1给出的定义沿着两个主要的方面发展。
上面一行是关于思维过程和推理的,而下面一行涉及行为。
同样的,左面一列的定义按照人的表现来衡量(系统是否)成功,而右面一列的定义按照智能的理想概念来衡量,我们将其称为理性。
如果一个系统做的是正确的事,那么它就是理性的。
就如人们所预期的,以人为中心的方法和以理性为中心的方法之间存在着矛盾。
我们应该指出人和理性行为之间有区别,我们并不是在“情绪不稳”和“精神失常”的意义上暗示人必然没有理性,人们仅仅需要注意我们通常会犯错误。
即使了解全部象棋规则,也不会都是象棋大师。
而且很不幸,不是每个人在考试时都能得到A 。
以人为中心的方法必然是一个经验的科学,包括假设和实验验证。
理性主义者的方法包括数学和工程的结合。
每个群体中的人们有时互相批评其他群体的工作,但事实是每个方向都得到了有价值的见识,让我们更仔细地互相关注。
(1)表19.1给出的定义沿着两个主要的方面发展。
(七)(1)上面一行是关于思维过程和推理的,而下面一行涉及行为。
同Systems that think like humans Systems that think rationally Systems that act like humans Systems thatact rationally样的,左面一列的定义按照人的表现来衡量(系统是否)成功,而右面一列的定义按照智能的理想概念来衡量,我们将其称为理性。
如果一个系统做的是正确的事,那么它就是理性的。
(八)2.3Acting humanly:the Turing test approach (1)像人一样行事:图灵测试法由艾伦·图灵提出的图灵测试是设计用来提供一个令人满意的可操作的智能定义。
图灵把智能行为定义为在所有认知任务中达到人的水平,足以骗过讯问者。
粗略来说,他提出的测试就是,计算机应该被一个人通过电传打字机询问,如果询问者不能断定那一端是计算机还是人,那么就通过测试。
测试的详情以及如果计算机通过测试是否确实就是智能的将在下面讨论。
眼下对计算机编程使其通过测试就有足够的工作要做。
(九)(1)计算机需要拥有以下的能力:自然语言处理,使其能成功地用英语(或其他人类语言)交流。
知识表达,存储讯问前或讯问中所提供的知识。
自动推理,利用存储的信息回答问题并得出新的结论。
机器学习,适应新的环境,检测并向外推断模式。
图灵测试故意避免在询问者和计算机之间的直接物理接触,因为对一个人的物理模拟对于智能来说不是必要的。
不过所谓“完全图灵试验”需要包括视频信号,这样询问者就可以对被测试者的感觉能力进行测试,同时也包括询问者“通过舱口”传递实物的可能性。
为了通过完全的图灵测试,计算机需要有:计算机视觉,用于感知物体。
机器人的能力,以便到处走动。
在AI中,并未化费太大的努力以尝试通过图灵测试。
像人一样行事的问题主要来自AI 程序必须与人交互,如一个专家系统解释它是如何得出诊断,或者自然语言处理系统与用户进行对话那样。
这些程序必须遵照人类交流的某些通常习惯行事以使他们能被理解。
在这样一个系统里基本的表达和推理可能是基于人类模型的,也可能不是。
(十)2.4Thinking humanly:the cognitive modeling approach(1)像人一样思考:认知模型方法如果我们想说某一程序像人一样思考,我们必须有某种方法决定人是如何思考的。
我们必须深入人类思维的实际活动。
有两种方法去做:通过内省,当我们的思维出现时抓它们;或者通过心理学实验。
一旦我们有足够精确的思维理论,就有可能用计算机程序进行表达。
如果程序的输入输出和定时行为与人的行为相匹配,那就证明程序的某些机理也可以在人体内运行。
(十一)(1)例如,发明“通用解题装置”的纽厄尔和西蒙并不会满足于他们的程序能正确地解决问题。
他们更关注于比较程序推理步骤和人解决同一个问题的步骤。
这和同时期只关心获得正确答案而不管人们会怎样做的其他研究者形成对比。
认知科学这一交叉学科领域将人工智能领域中的计算机模型与心理学中的实验技术结合起来,试图构建人类思维精确并可测试的理论。
虽然认知科学本身是一个令人着迷的领域,我们并不想讨论太多。
然而,真正的认知科学必定建立在实际人或动物的实验研究基础之上。
我们只是要说明,AI和认知科学继续互相促进,特别是在视觉领域、自然语言和学习方面。
(十二)2.5 Thinking rationally: the laws of thought approach (1)理性思维:思考方法的法则古希腊哲学家亚里士多德是第一个尝试对“正确思维”即不可辩驳的推理过程进行归纳的人。
他著名的三段论法提供了争论结构的模式,给定正确的前提就能得出正确的结论。
(十三)(1)例如,“苏格拉底是人,人终有一死,苏格拉底也如此”。
人们假定这些思想法则支配思维活动,它们开创了逻辑学领域。
十九世纪后期和二十世纪初形式逻辑的发展提供了描述世界上各类事物的精确表示法和他们之间的关系。
(与常规的算术表示法形成对照,算术主要提供数值相等和不等的表述)。
到1965年已经只要提供足够的时间和存储空间,就会有计算机程序以逻辑表达方式描述问题,而且只要有解,就能找到这些解。
(如果没有解,程序可能永远不停地寻找答案)。
人工智能领域中所谓的逻辑主义实践派期望构造这样的程序以创建人工智能系统。
这个方法有两个主要的障碍。
首先,获取非正式的知识而用逻辑表示法所需的正式术语描述它们并不容易,特别是当知识不是100%确定时。
其次,原则上能解决问题与实际上真正去解决它之间有巨大的差别。
即使是问题仅有几十个事实就有可能耗尽任何计算机的资源,除非有关于首先尝试哪个推理步骤的某种指引。
虽然这两个障碍都适用于任何构建计算推理系统的尝试,但他们首先出现在逻辑主义实践派的传统中因为对表达和推理系统的能力有明确定义并有相当好的理解。
(十四)2.6 Acting rationally:the rational agent approach(1)理性行事:理性代理方法理性行事的意思是在给定某人信念的情况下,为了达到其目的而实行的行为。
一个代理就是某些感知和行事的东西(这可能是这个词的不寻常的用法,但你将会习惯它)。
在这个方法里,AI被看作是研究和构建理性代理。