management information system - ch 8
管理信息系统ManagementInformationSystem课件-精品文档
教与学
媒体作用、教学过程的转变:
媒体作用的转变：
• 教学媒体由教师的讲解工具转化为学生的认知工具 ;
教学过程的转变:
• 教学过程由传统的逻辑分析或逻辑综合 ,讲解说明式的 过程转变为：
– 以意义建构理论指导下的教学过程 ,
• 通过意义建构形成自己的知识结构，
– 从而获得知识 ,掌握知识。
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管理学
运筹学 系统工程 行为科学
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管理信息系统是什么？
管理信息系统是多个管理学派管理思想的综合应用
20年代的科学管理学派。泰勒，1911年出版《科学管理原理》 30年代的行为科学学派。迈约，1933年出版《工业文明中人 的问题》
管理信息系统
Management Information System
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课程的性质、任务和目的
《管理信息系统》 是工商管理类专业的必修课，是涉及多门专业基础课与专 业课的综合性专业应用课程。 本课程的任务和教学目的是使学生掌握管理信息系统的 概念、结构和建立管理信息系统的基础、管理信息系统开 发方法学、管理信息系统开发过程各阶段的任务与技术、 管理信息系统的开发环境与工具以及其它类型的信息系统 等；使学生通过本课的学习，了解管理信息系统在企业管 理中的作用。并通过实践培养学生综合运用知识和分析开 发应用系统的初步能力。
理解
基本的管理思想 基本的技术方案
掌握
MIS开发的方法和步骤 MIS在企业管理中的应用（方式、途径）
学习方法
从“三基”入手（基本概念、方法、原理） 理论联系实际，做好单元练习和项目设计
管理信息系统外文翻译
毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系 ：专 业：姓 名：学 号：外文出处： Madiha shah procedia-social and附 件 ：1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文(用外文写)附件1：外文资料翻译译文管理信息系统(MIS)对学校的影响-----文献报告Madiha Shah Malaysia. Malaya大学马来西亚摘要鉴于其快捷和有效性,教育管理信息技术的使用已迅速增加。
在其发展的初始阶段,管理信息系统(MIS)的主要目的和使用是改善学校办公室活动的效率。
它是用于存储的学生和全体职工的数据。
最重要的的是重要数据录入和整理,而不是在数据传输或分析。
管理信息的价值当时被人们公认。
在集成阶段，全盘回顾文献，其强调积极影响学校管理和管理信息系统管理,包括更好的可访问性信息,更有效的管理,学校资源更高的利用率同时也减少了工作量,更好的时间管理,提高报告的质量。
对于信息管理系统，大量的抑制剂的使用在文献中很明显,其中最重要的是缺乏时间,缺乏信心或能力,缺乏培训,缺乏高层管理人员的支持,缺乏技术支持等。
管理信息系统可以提供所需的信息通知计划、决策和评估方面相关的管理员和教师。
管理信息系统改变了学校管理领域的领导、决策、工作负载、人力资源管理、沟通、责任,规划等方方面面。
这些系统可以帮助学校管理者在决定学校的目标,制定战略计划,分配资源,评估员工的绩效以及组织时更加顺利。
关键词: 管理信息系统、MIS 、学校管理、学校管理。
1、介绍电脑被视为有潜力在教学、学习和学校的管理方面做出重大的贡献。
信息和介绍通信技术(ICT)进入到学校包括硬件、软件、网络和员工发展的广泛的投资被认为是值得的前提。
如果有证据表明,它使在学校的表现和产生相应的影响有效性(Condie et al .,2007)真实存在。
利用信息技术在教育管理就会由于其效率和迅速增加有效性。
学校管理人员花大量的时间用于解决复杂的分配问题(如人员分配、资源分配、时间安排)和监控学校的操作已经有了更好的选择旨运用发展该技术。
信息管理系统中英文翻译
外文资料：Information management systemWiliam K.Thomson U.S.AAbstract:An information storage, searching and retrieval system for large (gigabytes) domains of archived textual dam. The system includes multiple query generation processes, a search process, and a presentation of search results that is sorted by category or type and that may be customized based on the professional discipline(or analogous personal characteristic of the user), thereby reducing the amount of time and cost required to retrieve relevant results.Keyword:Information management Retrieval system Object-Oriented1.INTRUDUCTIONThis invention relates to an information storage, searching and retrieval system that incorporates a novel organization for presentation of search results from large (gigabytes) domains of archived textual data.2.BACKGROUDN OF THE INVENTIONOn-line information retrieval systems are utilized for searching and retrieving many kinds of information. Most systems used today work in essentially the same manner; that is, users log on (through a computer terminal or personal microcomputer, and typically from a remote location), select a source of information (i.e., a particular database) which is usually something less than the complete domain, formulate a query, launch the search, and then review the search results displayed on the terminal or microcomputer, typically with documents (or summaries of documents) displayed in reverse chronological order. This process must be repeated each time another source (database) or group of sources is selected (which is frequently necessary in order to insure all relevant documents have been found).Additionally, this process places on the user the burden of organizing and assimilating the multiple results generated from the launch of the same query in each of the multiple sources (databases) that the user needs (or wants) to search. Present systems that allow searching of large domains require persons seeking information in these domains to attempt to modify their queries to reduce the search results to a size that the user can assimilate by browsing through them (thus, potentially eliminating relevant results).In many cases end users have been forced to use an intermediary (i.e., a professional searcher) because the current collections of sources are both complex and extensive, and effective search strategies often vary significantly from one source to another. Even with such guidance, potential relevant answers are missed because all potentially relevant databases or information sources are not searched on every query. Much effort has been expended on refining and improving source selection by grouping sources or database files together. Significant efforthas also been expended on query formulation through the use of knowledge bases and natural language processing. However, as the groupings of sources become larger, and the responses to more comprehensive search queries become more complete, the person seeking information is often faced with the daunting task of sifting through large unorganized answer sets in an attempt to find the most relevant documents or information.3.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe invention provides an information storage, searching and retrieval system for a large domain of archived data of various types, in which the results of a search are organized into discrete types of documents and groups of document types so that users may easily identify relevant information more efficiently and more conveniently than systems currently in use. The system of the invention includes means for storing a large domain of data contained in multiple source records, at least some of the source records being comprised of individual documents of multiple document types; means for searching substantially all of the domain with a single search query to identify documents responsive to the query; and means for categorizing documents responsive to the query based on document type, including means for generating a summary of the number of documents responsive to the query which fall within various predetermined categories of document types.The query generation process may contain a knowledge base including a thesaurus that has predetermined and embedded complex search queries, or use natural language processing, or fuzzy logic, or tree structures, or hierarchical relationship or a set of commands that allow persons seeking information to formulate their queries.The search process can utilize any index and search engine techniques including Boolean, vector, and probabilistic as long as a substantial portion of the entire domain of archived textual data is searched for each query and all documents found are returned to the organizing process.The sorting/categorization process prepares the search results for presentation by assembling the various document types retrieved by the search engine and then arranging these basic document types into sometimes broader categories that are readily understood by and relevant to the user.The search results are then presented to the user and arranged by category along with an indication as to the number of relevant documents found in each category. The user may then examine search results in multiple formats, allowing the user to view as much of the document as the user deems necessary.4.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an information retrieval system of the invention;FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a query formulation and search process utilized in the invention;FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a sorting process for organizing and presenting search results.5.BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTIONAs is illustrated in the block diagram of FIG. 1 , the information retrieval system of the invention includes an input/output process ,a query generation process, a search process that involves a large domain of textual data (typically in the multiple gigabyte range), an organizing process, presentation of the information to the user, and a process to identify and characterize the types of documents contained in the large domain of data.Turning now to FIG. 2, the query generation process preferably includes a knowledge base containing a thesaurus and a note pad, and preferably utilizes embedded predefined complex Boolean strategies. Such a system allows the user to enter their description of the information needed using simple words/phrases made up of "natural" language and to rely on the system to assist in generating the full search query, which would include, e.g., synonyms and alternate phraseology. The user can then request, by a command such as "VI CO 1", to view the complete document selected from the list, giving, in this case, complete information about the identity and credentials of the expert.FIG. 3 illustrates how five typical sources of information (i.e., source records) can be sorted into many document types and then subsequently into categories. For example, a typical trade magazine may contain several types of information such as editorials, regular columns, feature articles, news, product announcements, and a calendar of events. Thus, the trade magazine (i.e., the source record) may be sorted into these various document types, and these document types inturn may be categorized or grouped into categories contained in one or more sets of categories; each document type typically will be sorted into one category within a set of categories, but the individual categories within each set will vary from one set to another. For example, one set of categories may be established for a first characteristic type of user, and a different set of categories may be established for a second characteristic type of user. When a user corresponding to type #1 executes a search, the system automatically utilizes the categories of set #1, corresponding to that particular type of user, in organizing the results of the search for review by the user. When a user from type #2 executes a search, however, the system automatically utilizes the categories of set #2 in presenting the search results to the user.The information storage, searching and retrieval system of the invention resolves the common difficulties in typical on-line information retrieval systems that operate on large (e.g., 2 gigabytes or more) domains of textual data, query generation, source selection, and organizing search results. The information base with the thesaurus and embedded search strategies allows users to generate expert search queries in their own "natural" language. Source (i.e., database) selection is not an issue because the search engines are capable of searching substantially the entire domain on every query. Moreover, the unique presentation of search results by category set substantially reduces the time and cost of performing repetitive searches in multiple databases and therefore of efficiently retrieving relevant search results.While a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described, it should be understood that various changes, adaptations and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.中文译文：信息管理系统Wiliam K.Thomson U.S.A摘要：一个信息存储，查询和检索系统主要应用于大(千兆字节)的需要存档的文字领域。
品质管理常用英文术语
品质管理常用英文术语8D 8 Disciplines Of Solving Problem 解决问题8步法AC。
/RE。
Acceptable / Rejective 允收/拒收AQL Acceptable Quallity Level 允收水准ABB Activity-Based Budgeting 实施作业制预算制度ABC Activity—Based Costing 作业制成本制度ABM Activity—Based Mangement 作业制成本管理APS Advanced Planning And Scheduling 应用程式服务供应商APQP Advanced Product Quality Planning 先期产品品质规划ANOV A Analysis Of Variance 方差分析AAR Appearance Approval Report 外观承认报告AC Appraisal Cost 鉴定成本ASL Approved Suplier List 合格供应商清单A VL Approved Vendor List 认可的供应商清单ATP Available To Promise 可承诺量BSC Balanced Score Card 平衡记分卡BOM Bill Of Material 材料明细BTF Build To Forecarst 计划生产BTO Build To Order 订单生产BPR Business Process Reengineering 企业流程再造CPK Capability Of Process 修正过程能力指数Ca。
Capability Of Accuraty 精确度指数Cp。
Capability Of Precesion 精密度指数CRP Capacity Requirement Planning 产能需求规划C. OF C。
Certificate Of Compliance （质量）承诺证明书CEO Chief Excutive Officer 执行总裁CQC Companywide Quality Control 全公司范围的品质管理CPM Complaint Per Illion 每百万报怨次CAD Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计CTO Configuration To Order 客制化生产CRC Contract Review Committee 合同评审委员会CIF Cost Inusance And Freight 到岸价格COQ Cost Of Quality 品质成本CPM Critical Path Method 要径法CTQ Critical Quality 关键质量CAR Crrective Action Report 纠正措施报告CRM Customer Relationship Management 客户关系管理CR Customer's Risk 消费者冒险率DSS Decision Support System 决策资源系统DS/SS Def。
operating system操作系统-ch08-main memory-57 共58页
Modified versions of swapping are found on many systems (i.e., UNIX, Linux, and Windows)
Logical address – generated by the CPU; also referred to as virtual address
Physical address – address seen by the memory unit
Logical and physical addresses are the same in compiletime and load-time address-binding schemes;
8.3
8.1 Background
Program must be brought (from disk) into memory and placed within a process for it to be run
Main memory and registers are only storage CPU can access directly
8.4
Base and Limit Registers
A pair of base and limit registers define the logical address space
8.5
HW address protection with base and limit registers
Management Information System 管理信息系统
Sichuan UniversityP.R.ChinaDepartment of Computer ScienceManagement Information SystemCourse Name Management Information SystemCourse No.304025020Department ComputerScienceHours32Academiccredit2Course Descriptions The course focuses on the basic concepts,structure,and development methodology of Management Information System(MIS).This course introduces the concepts, structure and technology of MIS,the plan,analysis,design,implementation, maintenance and evaluation of MIS,and the development,and application of computer-based systems and data for different fields.This course is designed to provide students with a strong educational foundation that prepares them as Information System(IS)professionals.The academic program consists of a specially designed curriculum that emphasizes conceptual,analytical,technical and interpersonal skills.The course offers students with comprehensive training in the use and management of information systems so as to prepare them for the proficiency to provide effective information services and support to organizations. The coursework is designed to provide technical and conceptual skills associated with the use of information technology in business organizations.The program includes insights into the existing and emerging information technologies and their impact on the IS function;train to critically analyze business processes,identify inefficiencies and problems,assess information requirements,create business solutions and technical specifications for the supporting system;provide expertise to design and develop database applications using the latest database technologies; provide expertise in the latest telecommunication technologies;train in interpersonal and communication skills to effectively interact with various information systems’clients;and provide managerial skills to manage IS projects.Course Materials(Textbooks)Yaowu Wang,Management Information System(second edition),Publishing House Of Electronics IndustryISBN978-7-121-07403-5GradingClass participation15%Homework25%Final exam60%Instructor InformationSichuan UniversityP.R.China Chengen Wu,lecturer,Department of Computer Science,Sichuan University Tentative Course ScheduleChapter Title Topic1Overview of themanagementinformation system 1)Information and information systems2)Theoretical foundations of MIS3)Application area of MIS2Technology bases formanagementinformation systemsdevelopment 1)Computer technology2)Data communications technology3)Computer network technology4)Database technology basics3Managementinformation systemdevelopment 1)The conditions and principles of MIS development2)The development approaches of MIS3)Development process management of MIS4System Planning1)System planning overview2)Common methods for system planning3)Business process reengineering5Systems Analysis1)Systems analysis overview2)Survey of existing system3)Organizational structure and business process analysis4)The data flow analysis5)Creating a logic model for the new system6)Systems analysis report6System Design1)The objectives and principles of system design2)High level system design3)Detailed system design7Implementation of thesystem 1)System designing2)System testing3)The system conversion,maintenance and evaluation8Object-orientedsystems development 1)Basic concepts and features of object-orientation2)The development principles and procedures of Object-oriented systems3)Object-Oriented Analysis(OOA)4)Object-Oriented Design(OOD)5)Object-Oriented Programming Language(OOPL)9Decision supportsystems and expertsystems 1)Decision support systems2)Group decision support systems3)Expert systems4)Intelligent decision support systemsSichuan UniversityP.R.China10Design of informationsystems in thenetwork environment 1)Principles and procedures of MIS in network environment2)Development and application environment of MIS in network environment3)The architecture of MIS in network environment4)Information and information systems security11Information systemdevelopment and itsimpact 1)The development of information systems2)The development of data analysis techniques3)The impact of Information systems on organizations and society4)Information resource management5)Information ethics6)Information policy and law。
信息管理与信息系统专业 英语
信息管理与信息系统专业英语英文回答：Information Management and Information Systems.Information management is the collection, storage, organization, and dissemination of information. It is a critical function for any organization, as it allows for the effective use of information to make decisions and achieve goals. Information systems are the tools and technologies used to manage information. They can range from simple spreadsheets to complex enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems.The field of information management and information systems is constantly evolving, as new technologies emerge and new ways of working are developed. This has led to a growing demand for professionals with the skills and knowledge to manage information effectively.Skills and Knowledge Required for Information Management and Information Systems Professionals.Professionals in the field of information management and information systems typically need to have the following skills and knowledge:A strong understanding of information management concepts and principles.Proficiency in a variety of information systems software applications.Excellent communication and interpersonal skills.The ability to work independently and as part of a team.A strong work ethic and a commitment to excellence.Career Opportunities for Information Management and Information Systems Professionals.There are a wide range of career opportunitiesavailable for professionals with skills and knowledge in information management and information systems. Some of the most common job titles include:Information manager.Information systems manager.Database administrator.Systems analyst.Business analyst.Project manager.Professionals in these roles can work in a variety of industries, including healthcare, finance, manufacturing, and government.Education and Training for Information Management and Information Systems Professionals.There are a variety of educational and training programs available for professionals who want to work inthe field of information management and information systems. Some of the most common programs include:Bachelor's degree in information management or information systems.Master's degree in information management orinformation systems.MBA with a concentration in information management or information systems.Certificate programs in information management or information systems.Professional Development for Information Management and Information Systems Professionals.In order to stay up-to-date on the latest trends and technologies in the field of information management and information systems, professionals should pursue ongoing professional development. This can be done through a variety of activities, such as:Attending conferences and workshops.Reading industry publications.Taking online courses.Participating in online forums and discussion groups.中文回答：信息管理与信息系统专业。
Management Information System(Chapter1-2)管理信息系统双语教学课件
Channels of communication
1. 2. 3. 4. Telephone Written reports Face-to-face Newspapers, journals, magazines 5. Internet (email, QQ, MSN,
Workgroup, Activity Directory, BBS and so on)
Others about the Unit
1. Unit Time: 60 hours 2. Unit Credit: 4 credits 3. Material Required for this Unit:
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中文定义全文:
How dose a system work?
系统工作流程图
Input Process Output
Feedback loop
Monitored and ensure that systems are effective
What is a formal system?
一个正式的系统要具备:
Information flows within organization
1. Vertical information flows
2. Horizontal information flows
Thபைடு நூலகம் factors affect internal information flows
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The structure of the organization Overall policy Procedures 公司业务流程 Management style 管理模式 Physical location of other branches 分支机构的地域条件
TestBank-Ch01
Management Information Systems Test BankChapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today1 True-False Questions1) Developing a new product, fulfilling an order, and hiring a new employee are examples of business processes.Answer: TRUE2) A fully digital firm produces only digital goods or services.Answer: FALSE3) A business model describes how a company produces, delivers, and sells a product or service to create wealth.Answer: TRUE4) Information technology (IT) consists of all the hardware that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives, whereas information systems consist of all the software and business processes needed.Answer: FALSE5) Computers are only part of an information system.Answer: TRUE6) Information systems literacy describes the behavioral approach to information systems, whereas computer literacy describes the technical approach.Answer: FALSE7) The dimensions of information systems are management, organizations, and information technology.Answer: TRUE8) In order to understand how a specific business firm uses information systems, you need to know something about the hierarchy and culture of the company.Answer: TRUE9) Business processes are logically related tasks for accomplishing tasks that have been formally encoded by an organization.Answer: FALSE10) There are four major business functions: Sales and marketing; manufacturing and production; finance and accounting; and information technology.Answer: FALSE11) A substantial part of management responsibility is creative work driven by new knowledge and information.Answer: TRUE12) An IT infrastructure provides the platform on which the firm can build its information systems.Answer: TRUE13) Government and private sector standards are examples of complementary social assets required to optimize returns from IT investments.Answer: TRUE14) A firm that invests in efficient business processes is making an investment in organizational complementary assets.Answer: TRUE15) The behavioral approach to information systems focuses on changes in attitudes, management and organizational policy, and behavior.Answer: TRUE2 Multiple-Choice Questions1) The six important business objectives of information technology are new products, services, and business models; customer and supplier intimacy; survival; competitive advantage; operational excellence; andA) improved flexibility. B) improved decision making.C) improved business practices. D) improved efficiency.Answer: B2) The use of information systems because of necessity describes the business objective ofA) survival. B) improved business practices.C) competitive advantage. D) improved flexibility.Answer: A3) Which of the following choices may lead to competitive advantage: (1) new products, services, and business models; (2) charging less for superior products; (3) responding to customers in real time?A) 1 only B) 1 and 2C) 2 and 3 D) 1, 2, and 3Answer: D4) An information system can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to supportA) decision making and control in an organization.B) communications and data flow.C) managers analyzing the organization's raw data.D) the creation of new products and services.Answer: A5) The three activities in an information system that produce the information organizations use to control operations areA) information retrieval, research, and analysis.B) input, output, and feedback.C) input, processing, and output.D) data analysis, processing, and feedback.Answer: C6) Order data for baseball tickets and bar code data are examples ofA) raw input. B) raw output.C) customer and product data. D) sales information.Answer: A7) The average number of tickets sold daily online is an example ofA) input. B) raw data.C) meaningful information. D) feedback.Answer: C8) OutputA) is feedback that has been processed to create meaningful information.B) is information that is returned to appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate the input stage.C) transfers data to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.D) transfers processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.Answer: D9) Converting raw data into a more meaningful form is calledA) capturing. B) processing.C) organizing. D) feedback.Answer: B10) The field that deals with behavioral issues as well as technical issues surrounding the development, use, and impact of information systems used by managers and employees in the firm is calledA) information systems literacy.B) information systems architecture.C) management information systems.D) information technology infrastructure.Answer: C11) The fundamental set of assumptions, values, and ways of doing things that has been accepted by most of a company's members is called itsA) culture. B) environment.C) atmosphere. D) values.Answer: A12) Networking and telecommunications technologies, along with computer hardware, software, data management technology, and the people required to run and manage them, constitute an organization'sA) data management environment. B) networked environment.C) IT infrastructure. D) information system.Answer: C13) Maintaining the organization's financial records is a central purpose of which main business function?A) manufacturing and accounting B) finance and accountingC) sales and manufacturing D) finance and salesAnswer: B14) In a business hierarchy, the level that is responsible for monitoring the daily activities of the business isA) middle management. B) service workers.C) production management. D) operational management.Answer: D15) Which of the following are environmental actors that interact with an organization and its information systems?A) customers B) suppliersC) regulatory agencies D) all of the aboveAnswer: D16) A corporation that funds a political action committee, which in turn promotes and funds a political candidate who agrees with the values of that corporation, could be seen as investing in which main category of complementary assets?A) managerial B) governmentalC) social D) organizationalAnswer: C17) An example of an organizational complementary asset isA) using the appropriate business model.B) a collaborative work environment.C) laws and regulations.D) all of the above.Answer: A18) An example of a social complementary asset isA) technology and service firms in adjacent markets.B) training programs.C) distributed decision-making rights.D) all of the above.Answer: A19) Disciplines that contribute to the technical approach to information systems are:A) computer science, engineering, and networking.B) operations research, management science, and computer science.C) engineering, utilization management, and computer science.D) management science, computer science, and engineering.Answer: B20) Sociologists study information systems with an eye to understandingA) how systems affect individuals, groups, and organizations.B) how human decision makers perceive and use formal information.C) how new information systems change the control and cost structures within the firm.D) the production of digital goods.Answer: A21) Psychologists study information systems with an eye to understandingA) how systems affect individuals, groups, and organizations.B) how human decision makers perceive and use formal information.C) how new information systems change the control and cost structures within the firm.D) the production of digital goods.Answer: B22) Which of the following are key corporate assets?A) intellectual property, core competencies, and financial and human assetsB) production technologies and business processes for sales, marketing, and financeC) knowledge and the firm's tangible assets, such as goods or servicesD) time and knowledgeAnswer: A23) A firm that must invest in new information systems capabilities in order to comply with federal legislation can be said to be investing to achieve which business objective?A) customer intimacy B) operational excellenceC) survival D) improved reportingAnswer: C24) Which field of study focuses on both a behavioral and technical understanding of information systems?A) sociology B) operations researchC) economics D) management information systemsAnswer: D25) The three principle levels within a business organization hierarchy areA) senior management, operational management, and service workers.B) senior management, middle management, and operational management.C) senior management, operational management, and information systems.D) senior management, middle management, and service workers.Answer: B26 ) Which main business function is responsible for maintaining employee records?A) sales and marketing B) human resourcesC) finance and accounting D) manufacturing and productionAnswer: B27) The shared information technology resources for the organization are called its:A) MIS plan. B) operational networkC) IT infrastructure D) business infrastructureAnswer: C28) Promoting the organ ization’s products and services is a business function of:A) manufacturing and production B) finance and accountingC) human resources D) sales and marketingAnswer:D29) A broad-based understanding of information systems that includes behavioral knowledge about organizations and individuals using information systems as well as technical knowledge about computers is called:A) computer literacy B) technology literacy.C) management literacy D) information systems literacy.Answer: D30) Converting raw data into a more meaningful form is called:A) capturing B) processing.C) controlling D) feedback.Answer: B3 Fill in the Blanks1) A(n) ________ is one where nearly all significant business processes and relationships are managed through digital means.Answer: digital firm2) ________ refer to the set of logically related tasks and behaviors that organizations develop over time to produce specific business results and the unique manner in which these activities are organized.Answer: Business processes3) A ________ describes how a company produces, delivers and sells a product or service to create wealth.Answer: business model4) A(n) ________ is composed of interrelated components working together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization.Answer: information system5) ________ is data that has been shaped into a form that is meaningful to human beings.Answer: Information6) To fully understand information systems, you must understand the broader , management and technology dimensions of system.Answer: Feedback7) A(n) ________ refer to broader understanding of information systems, which encompasses an understanding of the management and organizational dimensions as well as the technical dimensions of systems.Answer: information systems literacy8) In a(n) ________ perspective, the performance of a system is optimized when both the technology and the organization mutually adjust to one another until a satisfactory fit is obtained.Answer: sociotechnical9) ________ makes long-range strategic decisions about the firm's products and services.Answer: Senior management10) ________ refer to those assets required to derive value from a primary investment. Answer: Complementary assets4 Essay Questions1) Why are information systems so essential for running and managing a business today?Answer: Information systems are the foundation for conducting business today. In many industries, survival and even existence without extensive use of IT is inconceivable, and IT plays a critical role in increasing productivity.Six reasons why information systems are so important for business today include:(1) Operational excellence(2) New products, services, and business models(3) Customer and supplier intimacy(4) Improved decision making(5) Competitive advantage(6) Survival2) What exactly is an information system?Answer: We can define information systems from both a technology and a business perspective.Technology perspective: An information system is a set of interrelated components that work together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization. Business Perspective: An information system represents an organizational and management solution based on information technology, to a challenge or problem posed by the environment.3) List and describe the organizational, management, and technology dimensions of information systems.Answer:•Organization: The organization dimension of information systems involves issues such as the organization’s hierarchy, functional specialties, business processes, culture, and political interest groups.•Management: The management dimension of information systems involves setting organizational strategies, allocating human and financial resources, creating new products and services and re-creating the organization if necessary.•Technology: The technology dimension consists of computer hardware, software, data management technology, and networking/telecommunications technology.4) Describe the sociotechnical perspective on information systems.Answer: A sociotechnical perspective combines the technical approach and behavior approach to achieve optimal organizational performance. Technology must be changed and designed to fit organizational and individual needs and not the other way around. Organizations and individuals much also change through training, learning, and allowing technology to operate and prosper.[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]。
管理信息系统MIS(Management Information System)
MIS(Management Information System)the term in the interest of the administration.In the wake of the development of MIS, much business sit up the decentralized message concentration to establish the information system ministry of directly under director, and the chief of information system ministry is ordinarily in the interest of assistant manager’s grade. After the authority of business is centralized up high-quality administration personnel staff’s hand, as if causing much sections office work decrease, hence someone prophesy, middle layer management shall vanish. In reality, the reappearance phase employed layer management among the information system queen not merely not to decrease, on the contrary there being the increase a bit. This is for, although the middle layer management personnel staff getting off exonerate out through loaded down with trivial details daily routine, yet needs them to analyses researching work in the way of even more energy, lift further admonishing the decision of strategic importance level. In the wake of the development of MIS, the business continuously adds to the demand of high technique a talented person, but the scarce thing of capability shall be washed out gradually. This compels people by means of study and cultivating, and continuously lifts individual’s quality. In The wake of the news dispatch and electric network and file transmission system development, business staff member is on duty in many being living incomparably either the home. Having caused that corporation save the expenses enormously, the work efficiency obviously moves upward American Rank Zeros corporation the office system on the net, in the interest of the creativity of raise office personnel staff was produced the advantageous term. At the moment many countries are fermenting one kind of more well-developed manufacturing industry strategy, and become quickly manufacturing the business. It completely on the basis of the user requirement organization design together with manufacture, may carry on the large-scale cooperation in the interest of identical produce by means of the business that the flow was shifted the distinct districts, and by means of the once more programming to the machinery with to the resources and the reorganization of personnel staff , constituted a fresh affrication system, and causes that manufacturing cost together with lot nearly have nothing to do with. Quickly manufacturing the business establishes a whole completely new strategy dependence relation against consumer, and is able to arouse the structure of production once more revolution. The management information system is towards the self-adoption and Self-learning orientation development, the decision procedure of imitation man who is be able to be better. Some entrepreneurs of the west vainly hope that consummate MIS is encircles the magic drug to govern the business all kinds of diseases; Yet also someone says, and what it is too many is dependent on the defeat that MIS be able to cause on the administration. It is adaptable each other to comprehend the effect to the business of MIS, and is favor of us to be living in development and the research work, and causes the business organization and administer the better development against MIS of system and administration means , and establish more valid MIS.英文翻译文章的出处：Russ Basiura, Mike Batongbacal 管理信息系统: 管理信息系统就是我们常说的MIS(Management Information System), 在强调管理，强调信息的现代社会中它变得越来越重要、越来越普及。
信息管理系统-英文文献
Information management system developmentManagement information system, its essence is the informatization implementation of various management thought, therefore, has different management thought, the corresponding is corresponding with the management information system, which makes the various types of management information system emerge in endlessly. Modern management is dependent on the information, with the coming of information age, information collection, transmission, processing has become a major social activities. In various areas of business and daily life, people have to spend a lot of time and energy to search, collect and organize information, the development of computer technology provides effective tools for information processing.Management Information System (Management Information System, MIS for short) is a people-oriented, using computer hardware, software, network communication equipment and other office equipment, Information collection, transmission, processing, storage, update and maintenance, to enterprise strategic competitive advantages and improve the effectiveness and efficiency, for the purpose of supporting enterprise high-level decision, middle control, basic operation of the integrated man-machine System.A complete management information system should include: the auxiliary decision system; Industrial control system (CCS), office automation system (OA) and database, model base, method base, knowledge base, and exchange information with the organs at higher levels and external interfaces. Among them, especially the office automation system (OA) and exchange information with the organs at higher levels and outside is inseparable from the Intranet (Intranet) applications. It can be said that modern enterprise MIS can not live without Intranet, but the establishment of Intranet and must rely on the MIS system structure and the softwareand hardware environment. Management information system (MIS) mainly includes the information collection, entry, information storage, information transmission, information processing and output of information (information feedback) five functions. It put the modernization of information tools, electronic computer, the data communication equipment and technology management department, through the communication network, information processing center of different regions in sharing network of resources such as hardware, software, data and communications equipment, speed up the flow of information, decision making for managers in a timely manner to provide accurate and reliable basis.Management information system is the historical development of management information system in the early 70 s the product of "post-industrial economy", at the early stage of its development, enterprise management information system is a single man - machine system, the system function is simple, low efficiency, to the effect of management co., LTD. Enter in the late 1980 s, with the developing of computer network and communication technology, the development of the enterprise management information system into the network era. World advanced developed countries has established a perfect system of management information system. They in the decades of practice has accumulated rich experience of management information system development, the enterprise management has formed a set of effective theory and specifications.The management information system of the great development of our country is in the late 80 s and early '90 s, countries have established a "gold card", "Jin Guan", "golden bridge" project, the majority of enterprises and institutions set up the management information system of LAN and wan. As the world economy and China's economy gradually moving towards the knowledge economy, whether it is a management information system basedon industrial economy, there are a few experts and management oriented expert system (ES) or decision support system (SS), its processing object, service object, its system structure and processing power have further development.Management information system of network, globalization, specialization of scientific development, development of network management information system, on the one hand is the need of the development of management system itself, objectively, management information system requirements to achieve organic integration; On the other hand, the development of computer and communication technology, in particular, the combination of the development of the Internet network and management applications has created unprecedented conditions. Trend of network management information system and its importance is obvious. Today's successful companies are dependent on the ability of the operation of the global network application and development of the enterprise's economic activity is likely to break through the boundaries and become a global activity. Relying on the management information system of the networked enterprise may establish a worldwide sales network, the multinational company, can track the order, delivery, settlement, participate in the competition of the world market. In haier group, for example, more than 10800 kinds of products in the market involve hundreds of countries, tens of thousands of dealers, 50000 outbound product every day, every day more than the average settlement funds of 276 million yuan. For such a complex system, if not for networked management, as long as the one over one thousand link error, can make the enterprise bankruptcy.Management information systems involve economics, management, operations research, statistics, computer science, such as different subjects, is closely related to the interdisciplinary comprehensive cross of a new discipline. Is a worldwide made remarkable development of the discipline.Research and teaching in the field of management information system in China is faced with accelerated development, and the urgent needs and challenges in line with international standards. The wide application of management information system to promote the professional development of management information system, this is the sign of the mature management information system course. Global information is causing profound changes in today's world, reshaping the world political, economic, social, cultural and military development new pattern. Accelerate the development of information technology, has become the common choice of the world. Informatization development cannot leave the construction of management information system, information only through for effective process management, build a management information system can play its role. The development of global informationization also reflects the globalization of management information system development.Enterprise information management system (EIMS) is the use of modern management ideas and methods, the adoption of the electronic computer, software and network communication technology, to the enterprise management decision in the process of information collection, storage, processing, analysis, to assist the enterprise daily business process until the formulation and optimization of decision scheme, and tracking, supervision, control, adjust the whole management process of the man-machine system.With the acceleration of economic development, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country is becoming more and more competition is increasingly fierce. Due to the increasingly homogenized products, enterprise competition goal from pure product competition to supply chain competition, enterprise concern also from pure sales to expand into, sales and stock of each link. The application of network technology and e-commerce breakthrough the limitations of time and space,to the development of small and medium-sized enterprise to bring more opportunities, but also more increase the intensity of the competition between the enterprises. Using the modern computer information management technology, can improve the utilization rate of funds and settlement speed, reduce inventory, speed up the overall operating efficiency, so that enterprises in the fierce competition in the invincible position. Because enterprise is the profit maximization as the goal of economic organizations, the main purpose of the information resources management is to play to the information society benefit and potential value-added features, to complete the enterprise production, management, sales work, improve the economic benefits of enterprises, but also to improve the social benefits. In general, the main content of enterprise information resource management work include: (1) the management of information resources; (2) the management of the people; (3) the management of the information work.As the global economic integration and the establishment of market economic system and the rapid development of modern information technology, enterprise survival and the fundamental changes have taken place in the internal and external environment of competition, the enterprise information and information management and international standards. Enterprise informationization is, not only the extension of information technology, more important is the extension of enterprise management and organization. The essence of the enterprise information is supported by information technology, managers in time the use of information resources, grasp the market opportunities, to make decisions in a timely manner. Enterprise informatization not only should attach importance to technology research, therefore, more should attach great importance to the integration of information resources management, to avoid repetition of information resources, dispersed, waste and lowefficiency, so as to realize the sharing of resources. Therefore, the enterprise information resources development and utilization is the core of the enterprise information construction, is also the starting point and the ultimate aim of the enterprise informatization.The role of information management system: 1. Knowledge, ensure that each member can be Shared within the organization. 2. Ensure the timeliness of knowledge acquisition. Information management system solved the cross-regional, across time, across units, access barriers between across different departments and employees, as long as it is on the premise of have permission, knowledge demanders can quickly find all kinds of knowledge they need through the system. 3. Improve organization or individual tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge, and ensure the effective transformation between the two. The emergence of knowledge economy makes the management information system has quickly become the key strategic resource of the enterprise. We put a lot of knowledge, as it were, condensed into the management information system and decision support system. Revolutionary will rely on the management information system of business administration, business process reengineering, management, led by the centralized to decentralized leadership development, customer relationship management, supply chain management, e-commerce, etc. All with the application and development of management information system of the intimate contact. Should see the application of information technology, is essentially make information been fully made use of the information society the dominant resources. Say so: the promotion of information technology is a means, the use of information is the true goal.Conclusion: the management information system development is a high-risk and high-yield of engineering. Put forward rational unified direction is caused by the management information system development has been very lowsuccess rate. It is estimated that in the 80 s China enterprise information the success rate of only 20%, this means that a large number of waste and loss of money. For a long time, people from different aspects to solve these problems, mainly from the perfect management system, strengthen the management of data, implement head principle, strengthen personnel training and raise the scientific nature of the development method and so on. Management information system of network greatly increased the possibility of information resources sharing between enterprises and enterprises. It's on, in, the downstream enterprises to establish virtual enterprise to create the conditions. In order to quick response to customers personalized needs development, the enterprise can through the Internet, with the help of other enterprise resources around the world to realize the integrated management.。
计算机专业英语复习资料
计算机专业英语复习资料计算机专业英语复习资料I．V ocabulary(词汇)(30分)(⼀)Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese．(写出下列词组的汉语。
共10分，每题1分) 1．Operating system____________2．white bOx testing__________3．hard disk_________4．management information system_______________5．electronic commerce___________________6．relational database__________________7．software engineering___________________8．software maintenance__________________9．menu bar______________10.n et wo r k s ec u r i t y___________________(⼆)Fill in the blank swith the corresponding English abbreviations．(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。
共10分，每题1分)1．只读存储器__________2．⼴域⽹___________3．传输控制协议___________ 4.⽂件传送[输]协议__________5．通⽤串⾏总线__________ 6.⾯向对象编程____________7．集成开发环境___________8．结构化查询语⾔___________9．数据库管理系统___________ 10．开放系统互连______(三)Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column．(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。
信息管理系统中英文翻译
外文资料：Information management systemWiliam K.Thomson U.S.AAbstract:An information storage, searching and retrieval system for large (gigabytes) domains of archived textual dam. The system includes multiple query generation processes, a search process, and a presentation of search results that is sorted by category or type and that may be customized based on the professional discipline(or analogous personal characteristic of the user), thereby reducing the amount of time and cost required to retrieve relevant results.Keyword:Information management Retrieval system Object-Oriented1.INTRUDUCTIONThis invention relates to an information storage, searching and retrieval system that incorporates a novel organization for presentation of search results from large (gigabytes) domains of archived textual data.2.BACKGROUDN OF THE INVENTIONOn-line information retrieval systems are utilized for searching and retrieving many kinds of information. Most systems used today work in essentially the same manner; that is, users log on (through a computer terminal or personal microcomputer, and typically from a remote location), select a source of information (i.e., a particular database) which is usually something less than the complete domain, formulate a query, launch the search, and then review the search results displayed on the terminal or microcomputer, typically with documents (or summaries of documents) displayed in reverse chronological order. This process must be repeated each time another source (database) or group of sources is selected (which is frequently necessary in order to insure all relevant documents have been found).Additionally, this process places on the user the burden of organizing and assimilating the multiple results generated from the launch of the same query in each of the multiple sources (databases) that the user needs (or wants) to search. Present systems that allow searching of large domains require persons seeking information in these domains to attempt to modify their queries to reduce the search results to a size that the user can assimilate by browsing through them (thus, potentially eliminating relevant results).In many cases end users have been forced to use an intermediary (i.e., a professional searcher) because the current collections of sources are both complex and extensive, and effective search strategies often vary significantly from one source to another. Even with such guidance, potential relevant answers are missed because all potentially relevant databases or information sources are not searched on every query. Much effort has been expended on refining and improving source selection by grouping sources or database files together. Significant effort has also been expended on query formulation through the use of knowledge bases and natural language processing. However, as the groupings of sources become larger, and the responses to more comprehensive search queries become more complete, the person seeking information is often faced with the daunting task of sifting through large unorganized answer sets in an attempt to find the most relevant documents or information.3.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe invention provides an information storage, searching and retrieval system for a large domain of archived data of various types, in which the results of a search are organized into discrete types of documents and groups of document types so that users may easily identify relevant information more efficiently and more conveniently than systems currently in use. The system of the invention includes means for storing a large domain of data contained in multiple source records, at least some of the source records being comprised of individual documents of multiple document types; means for searching substantially all of the domain with a single search query to identify documents responsive to the query; and means for categorizing documents responsive to the query based on document type, including means for generating a summary of the number of documents responsive to the query which fall within various predetermined categories of document types.The query generation process may contain a knowledge base including a thesaurus that has predetermined and embedded complex search queries, or use natural language processing, or fuzzy logic, or tree structures, or hierarchical relationship or a set of commands that allow persons seeking information to formulate their queries.The search process can utilize any index and search engine techniques including Boolean, vector, and probabilistic as long as a substantial portion of the entire domain of archived textual data is searched for each query and all documents found are returned to the organizing process.The sorting/categorization process prepares the search results for presentation by assembling the various document types retrieved by the search engine and then arranging these basic document types into sometimes broader categories that are readily understood by and relevant to the user.The search results are then presented to the user and arranged by category along with an indication as to the number of relevant documents found in each category. The user may then examine search results in multiple formats, allowing the user to view as much of the document as the user deems necessary.4.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an information retrieval system of the invention;FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a query formulation and search process utilized in the invention;FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a sorting process for organizing and presenting search results.5.BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTIONAs is illustrated in the block diagram of FIG. 1 , the information retrieval system of the invention includes an input/output process ,a query generation process, a search process that involves a large domain of textual data (typically in the multiple gigabyte range), an organizing process, presentation of the information to the user, and a process to identify and characterize the types of documents contained in the large domain of data.Turning now to FIG. 2, the query generation process preferably includes a knowledge base containing a thesaurus and a note pad, and preferably utilizes embedded predefined complex Boolean strategies. Such a system allows the user to enter their description of the information needed using simple words/phrases made up of "natural" language and to rely on the system to assist in generating the full search query, which would include, e.g., synonyms and alternate phraseology. The user can then request, by a command such as "VI CO 1", to view the complete document selected from the list, giving, in this case, complete information about the identity and credentials of the expert.FIG. 3 illustrates how five typical sources of information (i.e., source records) can be sorted into many document types and then subsequently into categories. For example, a typical trade magazine may contain several types of information such as editorials, regular columns, feature articles, news, product announcements, and a calendar of events. Thus, the trade magazine (i.e., the source record) may be sorted into these various document types, and these document types in turn may be categorized or grouped into categories contained in one or more sets of categories; each document type typically will be sorted into one category within a set of categories, but the individual categories within each set will vary from one set to another. For example, one set of categories may be established for a first characteristic type of user, and a different set of categories may be established for a second characteristic type of user. When a user corresponding to type #1 executes a search, the system automatically utilizes the categories of set #1, corresponding to that particular type of user, in organizing the results of the search for review by the user. When a user from type #2 executes a search, however, the system automatically utilizes the categories of set #2 in presenting the search results to the user.The information storage, searching and retrieval system of the invention resolves the common difficulties in typical on-line information retrieval systems that operate on large (e.g., 2 gigabytes or more) domains of textual data, query generation, source selection, and organizing search results. The information base with the thesaurus and embedded search strategies allows users to generate expert search queries in their own "natural" language. Source (i.e., database) selection is not an issue because the search engines are capable of searching substantially the entire domain on every query. Moreover, the unique presentation of search results by category set substantially reduces the time and cost of performing repetitive searches in multiple databases and therefore of efficiently retrieving relevant search results.While a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described, it should be understood that various changes, adaptations and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.中文译文：信息管理系统Wiliam K.Thomson U.S.A摘要：一个信息存储，查询和检索系统主要应用于大(千兆字节)的需要存档的文字领域。
餐饮业信息管理系统
课程论文软件工程题目：餐饮业务信息管理系统学院（系）：信息工程学院专业班级：通信0801班学生姓名：指导教师：魏洪涛2010年11月11日摘要《软件工程》是电子信息类工程硕士的选修课程，其实践性、应用性很强，实践教学环节是必不可少的一个重要环节。
课程大作业的设计目的是加深对理论教学内容的理解和掌握，使学生较系统地掌握软奖工程的基本概念、理论、方法及技巧，为学生综合运用所学知识，利用软件工程为基础进行软件开发、并在实践应用方面打下一定基础。
要求学生在设计指导教师的帮助下自行完成各个操作环节，并能实现且达到举一反三的目的，完成一个项目解决一类问题。
本文旨在餐饮业中实现信息化管理，从根本上改变以前那种旧的管理模式，真正做到提高管理和服务水平的目的。
系统的设计目标就是要为中小型餐饮企业提供一套运行稳定、安全可靠、操作简便的管理系统。
帮助企业处理日常工作业务，规范管理各项工作和操作流程。
针对中小型饭店管理中迫切需要解决的问题充分结合计算机管理系统的开发方法和计算机网络技术，以管理信息系统开发的生命周期为基本流程，对业务流程进行分析，进而给出了管理信息系统设计方案，阐述了各个功能模块的详细设计与实现。
使用该信息系统后，可以解决传统的手工管理菜单、订单以及点菜信息效率低等问题，明显地提高了外卖业务的销售量。
本系统的使用不仅使收银员和财务人员从繁琐的记帐和核算工作中解脱出来，提高了工作效率，而且更重要的是它通过完善的报表分析使提供信息的速度明显加快，管理基础数据更加科学化，管理人员摆脱了事务性工作转而从事管理专业工作，为经营决策提供了快捷和强大的数据支持。
把计算机用于餐饮企业管理，可在很大程度上提高管理者分析和决策的科学性，提高经营管职水平，带来更多的顾客，使企业取得更好的经济效益。
关键词:餐饮业、管理系统、网上点菜、菜单管理Abstract"Software engineering" is electronic and information engineering master elective courses, its practicality, applicability is very strong, practical teaching link is indispensable important segment. Course big homework are designed to deepen teaching content of theoretical understanding and mastering, enables the student to systematically master the basic concept of soft award engineering, theory and methods and skills for students' comprehensive knowledge learned, with software engineering based on software development, and in the practice application provides a foundation. Asked the students design guidance of teachers' help to complete the operation link, and can realize and to acquire purpose, finishing a project to solve class of problems.This article aims to achieve food and beverage industry information management, and fundamentally change the previous mode of management that the old, truly improve the management and service level objectives. System design goal is to provide a catering business for small and medium run, stability and security, easy management system. Help companies deal with business routine, standardized management and operation of the work process.For small and medium hotel management issues in the urgent need to address fully integrated computer management system development methods and computer network technology to manage information systems development life cycle as the basic processes, business process analysis, and then gives the Management Information System program, describes the detailed design of each module and implementation. The use of the information system, can solve the traditional manual management of the menu, order, and order information and low efficiency, significantly improve the take-out business sales.This system is used not only to the cashier and financial personnel from tedious bookkeeping and accounting work, freed to improve the working efficiency, but more importantly, it reports through the improvement of the provision of information significantly faster, the data management infrastructure more scientific, management turned to clerical work out of professional work in management, for business decision-making provides a fast and powerful data support. The computer for restaurant business management, can greatly improve the scientific management analysis and decision making, improve business management and staff levels, to bring more customers to enable enterprises toachieve better economic efficiency.Keywords: food service, management systems, online ordering, menu management目录摘要 (1)ABSTRACT (2)目录 (1)1 前言 (1)2 需求分析 (2)2.1需求说明 (2)2.2餐饮业概况 (2)2.3设计内容 (2)3 数据模型 (3)4功能模型 (5)4.1功能建模的思想 (5)4.2针对顾客的功能模型 (5)4.3针对管理员的功能模型 (6)4.4系统功能分析 (6)5 行为模型 (8)5.1行为模型概念 (8)5.2行为模型建立 (8)6 软件设计 (10)6.1概要设计 (10)6.1.1系统设计思想 (10)6.1.2系统模块设计 (10)6.2详细设计 (11)6.2.1顾客点菜功能模块 (11)6.2.2管理员菜单管理模块 (12)7 体会 (13)8 参考文献 (14)1 前言随着社会的发展，人们的生活节奏日益加快，越来越多的人把更多的时间投入在工作学习之中。
信息安全管理制度 英文
信息安全管理制度英文信息安全管理制度的英文可以翻译为"Information Security Management System"（简称ISMS）。
以下是关于信息安全管理制度的英文详细描述：**Information Security Management System (ISMS)**An Information Security Management System (ISMS) is a comprehensive framework designed to establish, implement, monitor, review, and improve information security within an organization. It encompasses policies, processes, procedures, and controls to manage and protect sensitive information, ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and availability.**Key Components of ISMS:**1. **Policy Development:**- Establishing a clear and concise information security policy that outlines the organization's commitment to protecting information assets.2. **Risk Assessment and Management:**- Identifying and evaluating potential risks to information security.- Implementing risk management processes to mitigate, accept, or transfer identified risks.3. **Access Control:**- Implementing controls to regulate access to sensitive information based on roles and responsibilities.4. **Incident Response and Management:**- Developing procedures to respond effectively to security incidents.- Establishing a process for reporting and managing security breaches.5. **Security Awareness and Training:**- Providing ongoing education and training to employees on information security best practices.6. **Security Monitoring and Auditing:**- Implementing systems for continuous monitoring of security controls.- Conducting regular audits to ensure compliance with security policies.7. **Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery:**- Developing plans to maintain business operations in the event of a security incident or disaster.8. **Compliance and Legal Requirements:**- Ensuring adherence to relevant laws, regulations, and industry standards related to information security.9. **Documentation and Record Keeping:**- Maintaining accurate records of security policies, procedures, and incidents.10. **Continuous Improvement:**- Regularly reviewing and updating the ISMS to address emerging threats and vulnerabilities.Implementing an ISMS demonstrates an organization's commitment to protecting sensitive information and maintaining the trust of stakeholders. It provides a systematic approach to managing information security risks and ensures a resilient and adaptive response to the evolving threat landscape.。
管理信息系统外文翻译1
英语专业资料Management Information System is that we often say that the MIS (Management Information System), emphasizing the management, stressed that the information in modern society it has become increasingly popular. MIS is a new subject, it across a number of areas, such as scientific management and system science, operations research, statistics and computer science. In these subjects on the basis of formation of information-gathering and processing methods, thereby forming a vertical and horizontal cutting system.Management information system of modern information management is an indispensable part of the work, is to meet modern standards of high-tech information management requirements, to promote scientific management, standardization of the necessary conditions. Only information practices, in order to offer better living environment and convenient living space.Information management is an extremely important resource, management depends on the success or failure of an effective decision-making, and the correct degree of decision-making depends largely on the quality of information.In the 21st century, mankind will enter the knowledge economy era, the era of knowledge economy is the rapid development of technology and knowledge, information was explosive expansion of the times. The threat of the so-called information that this is the human face to deal with the large amount of information it difficult to deal with the state, and cause confusion results.The emergence of a computer to solve this problem, because the computer quickly and accurately as information collection, processing, use,may be provided for.With computer technology, communications technology, network technology as the representative of modern information technology leap in development, human being from the industrial age into the information age, there is growing importance of information resources development and use of "information" has become a country Economic and social development of the key links, the level of information has become the level of a country's level of modernization and an important indicator of overall national strength.Management Information System is a computer and composed, to manage information collection, transmission, processing, preservation, maintenance and use of the system, it measured the national economy and enterprises, to help achieve its planned objectives.The development of computer-aided management has experienced four stages: transaction processing, handling systems to support decision-making, integrated services.In modern society, social trends and the expansion of social demand for our products so that enterprises in production and business activities relating to the expansion of the accumulation of internal and external information, with the rapid progress of science and technology and rapid development of production, so that human knowledge of the accelerating growth rate, the increase in the amount of information , Changes in the external environment becomes faster, artificial have not qualified. How to collect sufficient information resources, strong message and take advantage of the positive and timely development of effective use of information explosion of information resources has become a modern social problems. The emergence of a computer to solve this problem, because the computer quickly and accurately as information collection, processing, use, may be provided for. Computer technology and communications technologies with great modern information technology to promote the development of national information to speed up the process, the international community to build the information highway and an upsurge of Chinese workers, "the" famous works as the representative of national projects undertaken, so that China's Enterprise Information facing the new situation.Electronic computers adapt to modern society rapidly growing amount of information management, information life short, require timely conversion problem. Information systems from electronic data processing, information reporting system, decision support system to the further development of expert systems and support the leadership of the implementation of the decision-making process information in support of strategic decision-making competition in the strategic information systems. Today's society of modern information technology extensively to the rapid penetration of social life in various fields but in the management information system applications are still very imperfect, is the initial stage. Computer support for the work of the management, not only data processing, but also to support decision-making tools, from the mass of information collection, collation, analysis provided to managers, policy-related information, relevantpolicy analysis, and even managers Interactive dialogue to generate decision-making. At present the various sectors of the computer processing of information management, in large part are still individual business rationale, in the electronic data-processing stage, and units from transaction processing system to support system to deal with the real has also established a predictive control and support functions of management decision-making Information systems. Although the information system has a certain development, business process automation control office has made great progress, but far from perfect. Should make full use of the computer processing of information, we must start from the current situation, look to the future, the development of suitable units, a small industry management system, or even one-step, such as salary management system, and then gradually improve, and constantly expanded. Management Information System is one of the characteristics of centralized data, using the database. Use database technology to address data sharing issues. Database with a certain data model organization of data, data-oriented systems, procedures independent of the data, and data independence, to reduce data redundancy and inconsistency, and easy programming, expansion, removal. In particular, the 20th century the late 1970s distributed, in the face of object database, so that data and data from the operation as an object database management system to better use and reduce the possibility of problems. Attribute their inheritance in object share data And operation of great convenience to the users. All in all management information system is set scientific。
operating system操作系统-ch08-main memory-57
Dynamic relocation using a relocation register
8.11
Dynamic Loading
Routine is not loaded until it is called Better memory-space utilization; unused routine is never loaded Useful when large amounts of code are needed to handle infrequently occurring cases No special support from the operating system is required implemented through program design
8.12
Dynamic Linking
Linking postponed until execution time Small piece of code, stub, used to locate the appropriate memory-resident library routine Stub replaces itself with the address of the routine, and executes the routine Operating system needed to check if routine is in processes’ memory address Dynamic linking is particularly useful for libraries System also known as shared libraries
How to satisfy a request of size n from a list of free holes First-fit: Allocate the first hole that is big enough Best-fit: Allocate the smallest hole that is big enough; must search entire list, unless ordered by size
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– Spyware
• Small programs install themselves surreptitiously on computers to monitor user Web surfing activity and serve up advertising
– Key loggers
• Record every keystroke on computer to steal serial numbers, passwords, launch Internet attacks
– Hackers vs. crackers – Activities include
• System intrusion • System damage • Cybervandalism
– Intentional disruption, defacement, destruction of Web site or corporate information system
• Interception • Attachments with malicious software • Transmitting trade secrets
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CHAPTER 8: SECURING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
System Vulnerability and Abuse
WI‐FI SECURITY CHALLENGES
Many Wi‐Fi networks can be penetrated easily by intruders using sniffer programs to obtain an address to access the resources of a network without authorization. FIGURE 8‐2
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System Vulnerability and Abuse
• Internet vulnerabilities
– Network open to anyone – Size of Internet means abuses can have wide impact – Use of fixed Internet addresses with cable or DSL modems creates fixed targets hackers – Unencrypted VOIP – E‐mail, P2P, IM
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System Vulnerability and Abuse
• Spoofing
– Misrepresenting oneself by using fake e‐mail addresses or masquerading as someone else – Redirecting Web link to address different from intended one, with site masquerading as intended destination
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• Security:
– Policies, procedures and technical measures used to prevent unauthorized access, alteration, theft, or physical damage to information systems
CHAPTER 8: SECURING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
System Vulnerability and Abuse
• Malware (cont.)
– SQL injection attacks
• Hackers submit data to Web forms that exploits site’s unprotected software and sends rogue SQL query to database
Management Information Systems
CHAPTER 8: SECURING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Learning Objectives
• Why are information systems vulnerable to destruction, error, and abuse? • What is the business value of security and control? • What are the components of an organizational framework for security and control? • What are the most important tools and technologies for safeguarding information resources?
– Trojan horses
• Software program that appears to be benign but then does something other than expected.
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CHAPTER 8: SECURING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
System Vulnerability and Abuse
• Why systems are vulnerable
– Accessibility of networks – Hardware problems (breakdowns, configuration errors, damage from improper use or crime) – Software problems (programming errors, installation errors, unauthorized changes) – Disasters – Use of networks/computers outside of firm’s control – Loss and theft of portable devices
• Controls:
– Methods, policies, and organizational procedures that ensure safety of organization’s assets; accuracy and reliability of its accounting records; and operational adherence to management standards
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System Vulnerability and Abuse
• Hackers and computer crime
FIGURE 8‐1
The architecture of a Web‐based application typically includes a Web client, a server, and corporate information systems linked to databases. Each of these components presents security challenges and vulnerabilities. Floods, fires, power failures, and other electrical problems can cause disruptions at any point in the network.
– Viruses
• Rogue software program that attaches itself to other software programs or data files in order to be executed
– Worms
• Independent computer programs that copy themselves from one computer to other computers over a network.
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