湖南农业大学2015年《510园林设计(6小时)》考研专业课真题试卷
湖南农业大学农业知识综合一2015—2018年考研真题试题
湖南农业大学农业知识综合一2015—2018年考研真题试题2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:农业知识综合一 339适用领域:农业推广硕士作物、园艺、农业资源利用、植物保护、草业、种业领域考试需带的工具:考生注意事项:①本试题由植物学、遗传学、植物生理学、农业生态学、植物育种学、土壤学6个部分组成,每个部分分值50分,由考生任选三部分作答,并注明所选部分的序号和科目名称。
如考生作答多于3个部分,则以答题纸上前三部分计分。
②所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效。
③按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
(一)植物学(50分)一、名词解释(每小题2分,共计10分)1. 细胞周期2. 栅栏组织3. 初生生长4. 合轴分枝5. 蒴果二、填空题(每空1分,共计20分)1. 细胞是有机体和的单位。
2. 一个完整的种子由、和种皮三部分组成。
3. 居间分生组织是某些器官保留下来的组织,它的主要功能是使其所在部位进行生长。
4. 植物落叶是由于在叶柄的基部形成了一个重要的区,该区是由和两层组成。
5. 种子植物和微生物的共生关系一般有和两种类型。
6. 叶在茎上有规律排列方式称为,它有、和三种基本类型。
7. 构成雌蕊的单位称,是具生殖作用的。
8. 苔藓植物在其生活史上是以发达,劣势,寄生在上为显著特征的。
三、简答题(每小题5分,共计20分)1. 植物有哪些主要的组织?简要说明它们的功能。
2. 简述双子叶植物茎的增粗过程。
3. 简述花药的发育过程。
4. 蕨类植物的主要特征?(二)遗传学(50分)一、名词解释(共计15分,每小题3分)1. 基因型2. 显性性状3. 等位基因4. 数量性状5. 同源多倍体二、判断题(对的打“√”,错的打“×”,共计10分,每小题2分)1. 基因突变对于生物体都是有害的。
()2. 减数分裂时染色体数目减半发生在减数分裂后期I。
()3. 在F2代群体中,表现型相同的个体,基因型也一定相同。
湖南农业大学农村科技服务与管理2015—2018年考研真题试题
2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:农村科技服务与管理 837 适用专业(领域):农业推广硕士农业科技组织与服务领域考生需带的工具:考生注意事项:①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效;②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
一、名词解释(共计20分,每小题5分)1.耗散结构理论2.农业科技服务与管理工具3.循环农业4.农村科技投入二、简答题(共计50分,每小题10分)1.简述农村科技服务与管理绩效评估的原则。
2.简述我国农业科技孵化器的主要功能。
3. 简述农村科技管理与服务的职能特征。
4. 简述农村科技成果转化与推广的条件。
5. 简述农村科技项目招标原则。
三、论述题(共计80分,每小题40分)1.试述我国农业科技知识产权保护存在的问题及其对策。
2.试述农村科技服务与管理的研究对象及学科发展前景。
2016年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:农村科技服务与管理 837 适用专业(领域):农业硕士农业科技组织与服务领域考生需带的工具:考生注意事项:①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效;②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
一、名词解释(共计20分,每小题5分)1、农民学习行为的KASA模式2、农村科技人力资源3、农村科研条件资源配置4、盈利性农村科技成果转化与推广活动二、简答题(共计50分,每小题10分)1、简述农业科技服务与管理推广模式的基本类型。
2、简述对于农村科技推广人员的培训主要有哪些途径?3、简述农村科技资金的内涵及其基本特点。
4、简述农村科技项目招标应遵循哪些原则?5、简述农村科技成果转化与推广的政策体系要落实哪些基本要求?三、论述题(共计80分,每小题40分)1、请结合实际谈谈我国在农村科技资金筹措方面面临的困境及其解决办法。
2、中国是农业大国,农业现代化是国家现代化的基础。
2015年中央1号文件《关于加大改革创新力度加快农业现代化建设的若干意见》强调了通过农业科技创新驱动现代农业发展的重要性。
2015年湖南农业大学考研真题341农业知识综合三(农业信息化领域)硕士招生自命题科目试题
A.缩进位置相同的if
B.同一行上的if
共 11 页,第 1 页
C.其之前最近的if
D.其之后最近的if
5.C语言中变量的指针,其含义是指该变量的( )
A.值
B.地址
C.名称
D.标志
6. 能正确表示逻辑关系:“a≥10或a≤0”的C语言表达式是( )
A.a>=10 or a<=0
B.a>=0|a<=10
B.逻辑与运算符<关系运算符<算术运算符<赋值运算符
C.赋值运算符<逻辑与运算符<关系运算符<算术运算符
D.算术运算符<关系运算符<赋值运算符<逻辑与运算符
3.用C语言编写的源文件经过编译,若没有产生编译错误,则系统将
()
A.生成可执行目标文件
B.生成目标文件
C.输出运行结果
D.自动保存源文件
4.C语言规定else总是与( )配对。
}
三、程序设计题(共计 10 分)
1.编程序求出100到800之间同时满足以下两个条件的十进制数的个数:
(1)除4余1;(2)除5余3。
说明:编程语言不限。
共 11 页,第 4 页
(二)数据库技术与应用(50 分) 一、判断题(共计 10 分,每小题 1 分,请要正确有后面写“T”,错误的 后面写“F”,否则不计分)
工号、姓名、专业、年龄。要在表 T 中删除一个属性“年龄”,可
选用的 SQL 语句是(
)。
共 11 页,第 8 页
6、 X→Y,当( )成立时,称为平凡的函数依赖。 7、 在 ER 模型中,如果有 3 个不同的实体集,3 个 M:N 联系,根据
ER 模型转换为关系模型的规则,转换为关系的数目是( )。 8、 SQL 中的视图提高了数据库系统的( )。 9、 事务 S 在修改数据 D 之前须先对其加 L 锁,直到事务结束才释
湖南农业大学西方经济学2015—2018年考研真题试题
2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:西方经济学832适用专业:农业经济管理、林业经济管理、金融服务与管理、产业经济与组织、农业推广硕士农村与区域发展领域考生注意事项:①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效;②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
一、名词解释题(共计20分,每小题5分)1.消费者剩余2.恩格尔系数3.边际替代率4.自动稳定器二、关系说明题(共计30分,每小题10分)1.供给政策与需求政策的关系2.产品市场与金融市场的关系3.通货膨胀与充分就业的关系三、理论简述题(共计30分,每小题10分)1.促进竞争为什么会增进社会福利?2.市场经济为什么需要政府的行为?3.技术进步为什么将引致经济增长?四、经济分析题(共计45分,每小题15分)1.沪港通对中国资本市场有何影响?2.中国目前为什么要强调对外投资?3.食品安全为什么总难以得到保障?五、政策论述题(共计25分,共1题)中国当前的宏观调控为什么特别强调“预期管理”?2016年湖南农业大学硕士研究生招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:西方经济学(832)适用专业:农业经济管理、林业经济管理、金融服务与管理、产业经济与组织、农业硕士农村与区域发展领域考生注意事项:①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效;②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
一、名词解释题(共计20分,每小题5分)1.替代效应2.边际成本3.自然失业率4.总需求曲线二、原理阐述题(共计30分,每小题10分)1.边际报酬递减规律?2.资源配置的帕累托最优?3.凯恩斯的乘数与加速数原理?三、理论分析题(共计30分,每小题10分)1.为什么要保持经济政策的连续性?2.市场经济为什么强调第一次分配?3.经济学家为何重视产权清晰问题?四、现实分析题(共计45分,每小题15分)1.大众创业的经济政策目标是什么?2.我国为什么要实施绿色增长战略?3.全面放宽二胎政策的经济学动因?五、综合分析题(共计25分,共1题)中国当前的宏观调控为什么既要强调供给管理,同时又要强调需要管理?2017年湖南农业大学全日制硕士研究生招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:西方经济学(832)适用专业:农业经济管理、林业经济管理、金融服务与管理、产业经济与组织、农业硕士农村与区域发展领域考生注意事项:①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效;②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
湖南农业大学农学概论(一)2015—2018年考研真题试题
2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:农学概论(一) 826适用专业(领域):作物学、作物栽培学与耕作学、作物遗传育种、种子科学与技术、作物信息科学、烟草学考生需带的工具:考生注意事项:①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效;②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
一、名词解释(共计50分,每小题5分)1. 作物生长率2. 光饱和点3. 作物营养最大效率期4. 耕作制度5. 调亏灌溉6. 作物的侵染性病害7. 杂种优势8. 良种9. 育种目标10.杂交育种二、简答题(共计60分,每小题10分)1.简述作物的温光反应特性及其在栽培和育种上的应用。
2.简述粮食安全的概念与内涵。
3.简述作物生产上施肥的原则。
4.简述作物种子休眠的原因与打破休眠的方法。
5. 混合选择法同单株选择法的区别是什么?各有何优缺点?6. 简述作物引种时应遵循哪些原则才可能成功?三、论述题(共计40分,每小题20分)1. 假设某块农田一年内种植两季水稻,早、晚稻经济产量分别为550 kg/亩和650 kg/亩,试计算该田块的光能利用率,并分析提高光能利用率的途径。
(已知:当地太阳总辐射为2000J/cm2·d,1molCH2O的产热量为469 kJ;1年按365天计算,1亩按667m2计算;早晚稻经济系数均按0.5计算,稻谷矿物质含量按10%计算)。
2. 什么是生物技术育种?农作物育种中应用最多、最广泛的生物技术育种方法有哪些?2016年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:农学概论(一)826适用专业(领域):作物学、作物栽培学与耕作学、作物遗传育种、种子科学与技术、作物信息科学、烟草学考生需带的工具:考生注意事项:①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效;②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
一、名词解释(共计50分,每小题5分)1. 作物的温光反应特性2. 持续农业3. 湿害4. 作物需水量5. 间作6. 植物检疫7. 远缘杂交8. 诱变育种9. 杂种优势10. 混合选择法二、简答题(共计60分,每小题10分)1.简述作物的S形生长曲线及其在生产上的应用。
2015年湖南农业大学考研真题340农业知识综合二(渔业领域)硕士招生自命题科目试题
M-N 血型是由一对等位基因 M、N 控制的,这对等位基因呈共显性关系,对
某一群体进行调查后,得到血型资料如下表:
血型
MM
MN
NN
数量
280
485
235
共3页 第1页
请计算三种基因型的频率及 M 基因、N 基因的频率。
(二)动物生理学(50 分) 一、名词解释(本大题共 18 分,每小题 3 分) 1.细胞凋亡 2.酸碱平衡 3. 易化扩散 4. 动作电位 5. 突触传递 6. 血氧饱和度 二、简答题(本大题共 32 分,每小题 8 分) 1.试述动物机体神经系统、内分泌系统和免疫系统三大系统的共性,及各大系 统间如何相互影响。 2.简述动物胃肠激素有什么作用,主要的胃肠激素有那些。 3. 简述动物机体的主要排泄途径。 4. 简述鱼类的代谢水平及其主要影响因素。
三、论述题 ( 13 分)
试述水生动物和畜禽营养学特征异同。
共3页 第2页
(四)动物繁殖学(50 分) 一、名词解释题(共计 12 分,每小题 3 分) 1、水产动物育种 2、品系 3、诱变育种 4、雌核发育 二、简答题(共计 24 分,每小题 8 分) 1、简述水产动物育种的优势。 2、试述水产动物育种方法。 3、简述水产动物性别控制的意义。 三、论述题(14 分) 结合目前国内外水产动物育种的情况,试述水产动物育种方面的发展趋势?
2015 年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题
科目名称及代码: 农业知识综合二 340 适 用 领 域:农业推广硕士渔业领域 考生需带的工具:
考生注意事项:
①本试题由动物遗传学、动物生理学、动物营养学与饲料学、动物繁殖学 4 个部分组 成,每个部分分值 50 分,由考生任选三部分作答,并注明所选部分的序号和科目名 称。如考生作答多于 3 个部分,则以答题纸上前三部分计分。 ②所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效。 ③按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
湖南农业大学植物保护概论2015—2018年考研真题试题
2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:植物保护概论 840适用专业(领域):农业推广硕士植物保护领域考生需带的工具:考生注意事项:①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效;②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
一、名词解释(共计20分,每小题2分)1.植物检疫2.抗药性3.滞育4.有效积温法则5.趋化性6.植物病理学7.隐症现象8.初侵染9.鉴别寄主10.稀释限点二、填空题(共计20分,每空1分)1.昆虫的口器可分为______、______、______等类型;2.昆虫的排泄作用主要是由______和后肠的______共同完成;3.影响昆虫的生长、发育、生存、繁殖和种群数量动态的生物因子主要是______和______;4.水稻常见的螟虫有______、______、______等;5.根据对寄主植物的依赖程度,寄生性植物分为______ 和______ 两类;6.雌雄异形的线虫,雌成虫为______形,雄成虫为______形;7.病原菌的拉丁学名主要由三部分组成,即________、_______和定名人;8.烟草花叶病毒粒子的形态为______ ,黄瓜花叶病毒粒子的形态为______ ;9.植物病理学中常使用______和______等术语来表示致病性的差异。
三、单选题(共计20分,每小题2分)1.下列不属于昆虫的动物是()。
A.地老虎B.柑橘红蜘蛛C. 螽斯D.甘薯天蛾2.下列昆虫中,()是捕食性天敌。
A. 赤眼蜂B.蚜茧蜂C.七星瓢虫D. 蜜蜂3.属于咀嚼式口器的昆虫是()。
A.斜纹夜蛾B.蚧壳虫C.绿盲蝽D.叶蝉4.南方黑条矮缩病的传毒昆虫是()。
A.褐飞虱B.灰飞虱C.白背飞虱D.稻水象甲5.以下属于生物农药的是()。
A.溴氰菊酯B.吡蚜酮C.马拉硫磷D.Bt6.植物病毒的主要传播媒介是()。
A.空气 B.雨水 C.鸟类 D.昆虫7.锈菌生活史中,可能出现多种类型孢子的现象称为()。
湖南农业大学2015考研真题341 农业知识综合三(食品加工与安全领域)
2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:农业知识综合三341适用领域:农业推广硕士食品加工与安全领域考生需带的工具:考生注意事项:①农产品加工与安全领域考生做食品卫生学、食品安全管理与法规、食品分析与检验技术3个部分,每个部分分值50分。
②所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效。
③按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
(一)食品卫生学(50分)一、名称解释(共计12分,每小题3分)1.水俣病---2.食品安全----3.毒性---4.细菌性食物中毒----二、选择题(共计20分,每小题1分)1.国家对食品生产经营实行许可制度,包括()A.食品生产许可B.食品流通许可C.餐饮服务许可D.食品卫生许可2.存在棉籽色素腺体中的有毒物质()A.棉酚B.多环芳烃C.黄曲霉毒素D.砷3.不得用于制作食品用具、容器、生产管道及运输带等及直接接触食品的包装材料为():A.聚氯乙烯树脂 B.聚苯乙烯 C.三聚氰胺 D.聚乙烯4.化学氮肥可导致硝酸盐在蔬菜体内大量富集,进入人体后会在消化道内还原为亚硝酸,对人体健康构成潜在威胁。
下面不同种类的蔬菜中,对硝酸盐富集能力最小的是()。
A.食用菌类B.薯芋类C.绿叶菜类D.根菜类5.细菌性食物中毒一般在()月份最多见。
A.5~10月B.2~4月C.1~2月D.10~12月6.白酒的国家标准中规定了安全指标,而劣质酒中导致饮用者失明的物质为()。
A.甲醇B.氢氰酸C.甲醛D.乙醇()。
7.我国规定哪种食品中不得检出黄曲霉毒素BlA.婴儿代乳食品B.大米C.花生D.玉米8.骨痛病由以下哪种化合物污染环境引起()。
A.镉B.甲基汞C.铅D.砷9.食品企业直接用于食品生产加工的水必须符合()。
A.生活饮用水卫生标准要求B.纯净水标准要求C.蒸馏水标准要求D.矿泉水标准要求10.下列哪种是允许使用的天然色素()A.红曲B.柠檬黄C.日落黄D.亮兰11.新鲜黄花菜中含有能够引起人呕吐、腹痛、血尿等中毒症状的化学物质是()。
湖南农业大学2015考研真题612 基础英语
2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:基础英语612适用专业(领域):外国语言学及应用语言学考生需带的工具:考生注意事项:①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效;②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
I.Paraphrase(20points,2points each)Write your answer on the answer sheet1.Serious looking men spoke to each other as if they wereoblivious of the crowds about them.2.I experienced a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hroshima in my socks.3.Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U.S.A.4The fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Old Testament.5.He lowered the level of his incongruous falsetto voice.6.Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King's English slips and slides in conversation.7.And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe.8.United,there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.9.The Fiesta appears to have sunk without a trace.10.Children dodged in and out,their high calls rising like the swallows'crossing flights over the music and the singing.II.Vocabulary and Grammar(20points,1point each)Decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1.It is essential that he____all the facts first.A.is examining B.will examine C.examines D.examine 2.Which of the following sentences expresses a future action? A.Lucy is continually finding fault with her sister.B.We are meeting the visitors after the performance.C.The coach is now crossing the Garden Bridge.D.I'm hoping that you'll give us some advice.3.Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object complement?A.The front door remained locked.B.The boy looked disappointed. C.Nancy appeared worried.D.He seemed to have no money left. 4.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A.Physics is an important school subject.B.The United States borders Canada.C.The Niagara Falls is in North America.D.Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.5.Which of the following sentences indicates POSSIBILITY? A.The moon cannot always be at the fullB.You cannot smoke inside the building.C.He cannot come today.D.She cannot play the piano.6.Hydrogen,which is______than oil,is pretty easy to produce and does no harm to the environment.A.much energy more abundant sourceB.an energy source more abundantC.a much more energy abundant sourceD.a much more abundant energy source7.When_____,the bridge connecting the island to the continent will be open to traffic next year.A.completed B.completingC.being completed D.to be completed8.______these objections,we can not ignore the advantages of learning through the Internet.A.DespiteB.Instead ofC.For D.Like 9.Mom enjoyed herself so much______she was on vacation in France with dad last year.A.where B.that C.which D.when 10.The experiment was______we had anticipated.A.a success more than B.more a success than C.a success as much as D.as much of a success as 11.Mary was______to tears by their criticism.A.sunk B.reduced C.forced D.declined 12.The police fortunately gained the key clew according to the foot mark in the______of the road.A.clay B.dirt C.mud D.soil 13.These magnificent______buildings demonstrate the great intelligence of the laboring people.A.antique B.ancient C.primitive D.remote 14.I don't remember meeting him,but the name John Smith rings a bell.The underlined part means______.A.is omitted B.is warned C.is appearing D.is familiar 15.These goods are______for export,though a few of them may be sold on the home market.A.essentially B.completely C.necessarily D.remarkably 16.I wish you break a leg in the coming English speech contest Theunderlined part means______.A.get injured B.play well C.good luck D.have fun 17.I have the car now but my sister was the______owner. A.initial B.original C.primitive D.primary 18.The principal stressed using multimedia teaching would never replace the one-to-one______between pupil and teacher. A.perceptions B.consultations C.interactions D.interruptions 19.They've made a great______forward with their road building in the last few years.A.bounce B.bound C.hop D.leap 20.Your books and magazines are almost in a______;go and put them in order.A.chaos B.disorder C.mess D.riot III.Fill in each blank with one suitable word(30points, 2points each);write your answer on the answer sheet 1understand the marketing concept,it is only necessary to understand the difference2marketing3selling.Not too many years ago,most industries concentrated primarily4the efficient production of goods,and then relied5“persuasive salesmanship”to move as much of these goods6possible.Such production and selling focuses7the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them8money.Marketing,9the other hand,focuses on the wants of consumers,It begins10first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them.This eye on–the–consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy11resale,the makers and dealers first endeavor tofind out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available12purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority13profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction–the firm and the customer--and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers,however,recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to(迎合)customers.A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself14mid-1985,when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink,the nonacceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought15a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke,which was then marketed alongside the new.King Customer ruled!IV.Reading(40points,2points each)Read the following passages and answer the multiple-choice questions;decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage1According to a survey,which was based on the responses of over 188,000students,today’s traditional-age college freshmen are“more materialistic and less altruistic(利他主义的)”than at any time in the 17years of the poll.Not surprising in these hard times,the student’s major objective “is to be financially well off.Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.”It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching,social service and the“altruistic”fields is at alow.On the other hand,enrollment in business programs,engineering and computer science is way up.That’s no surprise either.A friend of mine(a sales representative for a chemical company)was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job—even before she completed her two-year associate degree.While it’s true that we all need a career,it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions—be they scientific or artistic.It is equally true that,in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think.More important,perhaps,education teaches us to see the connections between things,as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business.No company;no job. How shortsighted in the long run!But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages,we improve our moral sense.I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table;one of them is talking on the intercom(对讲机):“Miss Baxter,”he says,“could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”From the long-term point of view,that’s what education really ought to be about.1.According to the author’s observation,college students________.A)have never been so materialistic as todayB)have never been so interested in the artsC)have never been so financially well off as todayD)have never attached so much importance to moral sense2.The students’criteria for selecting majors today have much to dowith________.A)the influences of their instructorsB)the financial goals they seek in lifeC)their own interpretations of the coursesD)their understanding of the contributions of others3.Studying the diverse wisdom of others can________.A)create varying artistic interestsB)help people see things in their right perspectiveC)help improve connections among peopleD)regulate the behavior of modern people4.Which of the following statements is true according to thepassage?A)Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B)Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.C)People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D)Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only. Passage2In recent years,Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they’ve become wealthier and more worldly-wise.Foreign travel is a national passion;this summer alone,one in10citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere,Israelis are returning home expecting the same.American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers.Chains such as KFC,McDonald’s and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service,using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontlinestaff.Even the American habit of telling departing customers to“Have a nice day”has caught on all over Israel.“Nobody wakes up in the morning and says,‘Let’s be nicer,’”says Itsik Cohen,director of a consulting firm.“Nothing happens without competition.”Privatization,or the threat of it,is a motivation as well. Monopolies(垄断者)that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry,a marketing professor,calls“the revengeful(报复的)consumer.”When the government opened up competition with Bezaq,the phone company, its international branch lost40%of its market share,even while offering competitive rates.Says Perry,“People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.”The electric company,whose monopoly may be short-lived,has suddenly mopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman.Now,appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless El Al Airlines,which is already at auction(拍卖),has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan,“You can feel the change in the air.”For the first time,praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.5.It may be inferred from the passage that________.A)customer service in Israel is now improvingB)wealthy Israeli customers are hard to pleaseC)the tourist industry has brought chain stores to IsraelD)Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones6.In the author’s view,higher service standards are impossible inIsrael________.A)if customer complaints go unnoticed by the managementB)unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbersC)if there’s no competition among companiesD)without strict routine training of employees7.The example of El A1Airlines shows that________.A)revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly ofenterprisesB)an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financialdifficultyC)a good slogan has great potential for improving serviceD)staff retraining is essential for better service8.Why did Bezaq’s international branch lose40%of its marketshare?A)Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.B)Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.C)Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.D)Because it no longer received any support from thegovernment.Passage3On average,American kids ages3to12spent29hours a week in school,eight hours more that they did in1981.They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet(芭蕾舞).Involvement in sports,in particular,rose almost50%from1981to1997:boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports;girls spend half that time.All in all, however,children’s leisure time dropped from40%of the day in1981 to25%“Children are affected by the same time crunch(危机)that affects their parents,”says Sandra Hofferth,who headed the recent study of children’s timetable.A chief reason,she says,is that more mothers are working outside the home.(Nevertheless,children in bothdouble-income and“male breadwinner”households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents19hours and22hours respectively.In contrast,children spent only9hours with their single mothers.)All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids.“Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself,”says T.Berry Brazelton,professor at Harvard Medical School.Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers,but kids ages3to12spent only12hours a week engaged in it.The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time”watching television.But that,believe it or not,was one of the findings parents might regard as good news.If they’re spending less time in front of the TV set,however,kids aren’t replacing it with reading.Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books,the children spent just over an hour a week reading.Let’s face it,who’s got the time?9.By mentioning“the same time crunch”(Line1,Para.2)SandraHofferth means________.A)children have little time to play with their parentsB)children are not taken good care of by their working parentsC)both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure timeD)both parents and children have trouble managing their time10.According to the author,the reason given by Sandra Hofferth forthe time crunch is________.A)quite convincing B)partially trueC)totally groundless D)rather confusing11.According to the author a child develops better if________.A)he has plenty of time reading and studyingB)he is left to play with his peers in his own wayC)he has more time participating in school activitiesD)he is free to interact with his working parents12.The author is concerned about the fact that American kids________.A)are engaged in more and more structured activitiesB)are increasingly neglected by their working mothersC)are spending more and more time watching TVD)are involved less and less in household workPassage4Henry Ford,the famous U.S.inventor and car manufacturer,once said,“The business of America is business.”By this he meant that the U.S.way of life is based on the values of the business world.Few would argue with Ford’s statement.A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business.For example,nearly every newspaper has a business section,in which the deals and projects,finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily.In addition,business news can appear in every other section.Most national news has an important financial aspect to it.Welfare,foreign aid,the federal budget,and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business.Moreover,business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places.The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as“the entertainment industry”or“show business.”The positive side of Henry Ford’s statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S.life.One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job.Jobs are produced inabundance(大量地)because the U.S.economic system is driven by competition.People believe that this system creates more wealth,more jobs,and a materially better way of life.The negative side of Henry Ford’s statement,however,can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business.And the term big business—referring to the biggest companies,is seen in opposition to labor.Throughout U.S.history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages,better working conditions,and the fight to form unions.Today,many of the old labor disputes are over,but there is still some employee anxiety.Downsizing—the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high—creates feelings of insecurity for many.13.The United States is a typical country________.A)which encourages free trade at home and abroadB)where people’s chief concern is how to make moneyC)where all businesses are managed scientificallyD)which normally works according to the federal budget14.The influence of business in the U.S.is evidenced by the fact that________.A)most newspapers are run by big businessesB)even public organizations concentrate on working for profitsC)Americans of all professions know how to do businessD)even arts and entertainment are regarded as business15.According to the passage,immigrants choose to settle in the U.S.,dreaming that________.A)they can start profitable businesses thereB)they can be more competitive in businessC)they will make a fortune overnight thereD)they will find better chances of employment16.Henry Ford’s statement can be taken negatively because________.A)working people are discouraged to fight for their fightsB)there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalistsC)there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations andlaborD)public services are not run by the federal government.Passage5A recent study,published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association,offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver.Indeed,a16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone.By contrast,the risk of death for drivers between30and 59decreases with each additional passenger.The authors also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after10p.m.,and especially after midnight, with passengers in the car,the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.Robert Foss,a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center,says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with“really stupid behavior”than with just a lack of driving experience.“The basic issue.”he says,“is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.”Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate(使…缓解)the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems,in which getting a license is a multistage process.A graduated license requires that a teenager first provehimself capable of driving in the presence of an adult,followed by a period of driving with night of passenger restrictions,before graduating to full driving privileges.Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies.About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place,but only10of those states have restrictions on passengers.California is the strictest,with a novice(新手)driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under20 (without the presence of an adult over25)for the first six months. 17.Which of the following situations is most dangerous according tothe passage?A)Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after10p.m.B)A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.C)Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late atnight.D)A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway atmidnight.18.According to Robert Foss,the high death rate of teenage driversis mainly due to________.A)their frequent driving at nightB)their improper way of drivingC)their lack of driving experienceD)their driving with passengers19.A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers’drivingaccidents is that________.A)driving in the presence of an adult should be made a ruleB)they should be prohibited from taking on passengersC)they should not be allowed to drive after10p.m.D)the licensing system should be improved20.The present situation in about half of the states is that thegraduated licensing system________.A)is under discussion B)is about to be set upC)has been put into effect D)has been perfectedV.Writing(40points)Write on the answer sheet a composition of about400words on the following topic:Now you are taking the examination of entrance to the postgraduate of English major,you must have learned English for some years,and you must have your understanding of English major. Write down an article on the qualification of a student of English major.ON THE QUALIFICATION OF A STUDENTOF ENGLISH MAJORYou are to write in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph,introduce the topic.In the second paragraph,state your view about this topicIn the last paragraph,bring a natural conclusion.。
湖南农业大学草学概论2015—2018年考研真题试题
2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题
科目名称及代码:草学概论 830
适用专业(领域):草学、农业推广硕士草业领域
考生需带的工具:
考生注意事项:①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效;
②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
一、问答题(每小题10分,共90分)
1.暖季型草坪草的主要特征是什么?作为草坪草应用的主要有哪几个属?
2. 草坪在什么条件下需通气作业?通气作业有哪些措施?
3. 在草坪建植中选择草种应重点考虑哪些因素?
4. 简述草坪节水灌溉的必要性及节水方法。
5. 简述草坪杂草的综合防治方法。
6. 简述苜蓿有“牧草之王”称谓的理由。
7. 简述豆科牧草的饲用价值。
8. 在湖南等过渡带地区,矮象草、桂牧一号象草等如何留种茎越冬?
9. 简述牧草混播的原理及优越性。
二、试述题(每小题30分,共60分)
1、国外的草坪寿命往往可达十几甚至几十年,而我许多地区草坪建植寿命3-5年就退化废弃了,试分析出现这种现象的原因及解决途径。
2、试述目前我国国情有哪些方面可支撑草业的发展?
共1页第1页。
湖南农业大学园艺植物栽培与育种学2015—2018年考研真题试题
2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:园艺植物栽培与育种学839适用专业(领域):农业推广硕士园艺领域考生需带的工具:考生注意事项:①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效;②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
一、名词解释(共计30分,每小题3分)1. 切花2. 品种3.设施栽培4. 童期5. 无公害蔬菜6. 品种退化7. 果树自花授粉8. 集团选择法9. 芽的早熟性10.异源多倍体二、简答题(共计60分,每小题10分)1.影响引种成败的因子有哪些?引种成功的标准是什么?2.简述秋水仙素使染色体加倍的作用机理及所获多倍体的特点。
3. 简述遮阳网覆盖栽培的环境效应。
4.简述果树花芽分化的主要特点。
5.简述园艺生产在人民生活和国民经济中的地位和作用。
6.简述园艺作物单性结实及其类型。
三、论述题(共计60分,每小题20分)1.如何选育自交不亲和系?2.举例说明露地花卉常见的园林应用方式。
3.如何进行柑橘的保花保果?2016年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:园艺植物栽培与育种学 839适用专业(领域):农业硕士园艺领域考生需带的工具:考生注意事项:①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效;②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
一、简答题(共计50分,每小题 10分)1、简述园艺植物嫁接繁殖的优点。
2、简述园艺植物根外追肥的优点与应注意的事项。
3、简述园艺植物主要的栽植方式。
4、品种具有哪些属性。
5、区别芽变与饰变的分析依据。
二、论述题(共计100分.每小题20分)1、试述影响盆景植物嫁接成活的因素有哪些?2、试述南方地区黄瓜大棚春提早栽培技术要点。
3、试述柑橘保花保果的主要措施有哪些?4、可以采取哪些措施缩短营养系杂种的幼年期?5、如何利用园艺植物核雄性不育两用系用于杂种种子的生产?2017年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:园艺植物栽培与育种学 839适用专业(领域):农业硕士园艺领域考生需带的工具:考生注意事项:①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效;②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
湖南农业大学农业知识综合二(渔业领域)2015—2018年考研真题试题
2016 年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题
科目名称及代码:340 农业知识综合二 适 用 领 域:农业硕士养殖、渔业等 2 个领域 考生需带的工具: 考生注意事项: ①本试题由动物遗传学、动物生理学、动物营养学与饲料学、动物繁殖学 4 个部分组成,每 个部分分值 50 分,由考生任选三部分作答,并注明所选部分的序号和科目名称。如考生作答 多于 3 个部分,则以答题纸上前三部分计分。 ②所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效。 ③按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
(三)动物营养学与饲料学(50 分)
一、名词解释 (共计 21 分,每小题 3 分)
1.粗脂肪
2.EAAI
3. 限制性氨基酸
4. Feed additive
5. 脂溶性维生素
6. 必需脂肪酸
7. 抗营养因子
二、简答题 (共计 16 分,每小题 8 分)
1.简述维生素 A 的生理作用和主要缺乏症。
2.简述能量在水产动物体内的流向。
(三)动物营养学与饲料学(50 分) 一、名词解释 (共计 12 分,每小题 3 分) 1、必需氨基酸 2、饲养标准 3、抗维生素 4、蛋白质饲料
二、简答题 (共计 20 分.每小题 5 分) 1、简述饲料配方设计的基本原则。 2、简述理想蛋白与氨基酸平衡理论的应用。 3、畜禽和鱼虾对必需脂肪酸的需要有何差异 4、试述脂肪氧化酸败的原因
(一)动物遗传学(50 分) 一、名词解释题 (共计 18 分,每小题 3 分) 1、等位基因 2、遗传相关 3、基因频率 4、克隆动物 5、重复力 6、单体
二、问答题(共计 32 分,每小题 8 分) 1、Hardy-Weinberg 遗传平衡定律的基本内容是什么?请简述影响基因频率变化的
湖南农业大学园林设计(6小时)2015—2018年考研真题试题
2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:园林设计(考试时间为6小时) 510适用专业(领域):风景园林学考生需带的工具:彩色铅笔或马克笔,绘图工具,A2白纸(或硫酸纸)3张考生注意事项:①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效;②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号;③姓名、考生编号等信息写在绘图纸左上角。
湖南某中学规划在校园后山新征一块面积约1公顷(10000m2)的缓坡山地建一个生物学教学实践园地,主要用于普及中学生的生物多样性知识和提高学生对自然美与艺术美的欣赏水平,并且还希望该园地成为学生课余学习和交流的场所。
基地东南角已建一栋学生宿舍,西面为运动场地,南面为教学区,北面为风景林地。
请按上述要求完成一个景观规划设计方案。
1、绘制一张概念性规划图(1:500)。
(20分)2、绘制一张包含竖向设计的主要植物种植设计平面图(1:500)。
(80分)3、绘制一张主要景点的透视效果图。
(30分)4、书写设计说明书。
(20分)2016年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:园林设计(考试时间为6小时) 510适用专业(领域):风景园林学考生需带的工具:彩色铅笔或马克笔,绘图工具,A2白纸(或硫酸纸)3张考生注意事项:①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效;②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号;③姓名、考生编号等信息写在绘图纸左上角。
某企业已在某城市郊区流转了1000亩土地,规划建一个多功能农庄,拟在流转的土地范围内选择一块地势较平缓的东南向坡地(地形相对高差在2m以内)修建一个接待服务中心,该中心占地约1-1.5公顷(其长与宽均不小于100m,不大于150m),基地内现有一条来自山上的小溪,已修筑一口面积约1000m2的山塘。
基地东南面为一大片梯田,后山为大片竹林,并有一条简易的车行道通往基地,请为该接待服务中心做一个景观设计方案。
设计方案要求:1、绘制一张含竖向设计的总平面图(1:500)(30分)2、绘制一张主要植物种植设计平面图(1:500)(70分)3、绘制一张主要景点的透视效果图(30分)4、书写设计说明书(20分)2017年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:园林设计(考试时间为6小时) 510适用专业(领域):风景园林学考生需带的工具:彩色铅笔或马克笔,绘图工具,A2白纸(或硫酸纸)3张考生注意事项:①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效;②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号;③姓名、考生编号等信息写在绘图纸左上角。
湖南农业大学植物学2015—2018年考研真题试题
2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:植物学 616适用专业:作物学、作物栽培学与耕作学、作物遗传育种、种子科学与技术、作物信息科学、烟草学、草学考生需带的工具:考生注意事项:①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效;②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。
一、名词解释(共计20分,每小题2分)1、细胞周期2、栅栏组织3、初生生长4、合轴分枝5、蒴果6、有限花序7、亚种8、二强雄蕊9、高等植物 10、花程式二、填空题(共计30分,每空1分)1、细胞是有机体和的单位。
2、一个完整的种子由、和种皮三部分组成。
3、在茎的次生维管组织中有一些径向排列的薄壁细胞群,分别称为和,统称为。
4、居间分生组织是某些器官保留下来的组织,它的主要功能是使其所在部位进行生长。
5、植物落叶是由于在叶柄的基部形成了一个重要的区,该区是由和两层组成。
6、种子植物和微生物的共生关系一般有和两种类型。
7、叶在茎上有规律排列方式称为,它有、和三种基本类型。
8、构成雌蕊的单位称,是具生殖作用的。
9、胚珠由、和等组成,着生于的壁上,形成的肉质的突起称为。
10、苔藓植物在其生活史上是以发达,劣势,寄生在上为显著特征的。
11、地衣是和的共生体。
三、选择题(将选择出的正确答案的代号写在答题纸的相应的位置,每小题1分,共10分)1、下列没有DNA分子的细胞器。
A细胞核B叶绿体C线粒体D内质网2、非绿色植物对有机物的分解称。
A合成作用B矿化作用C发酵作用D呼吸作用3、植物的根系不包含。
A主根B不定根C气生根D侧根4、不属于变态茎的是。
A马铃薯B生姜C莲藕D甜菜5、“双受精”现象存在于。
A马尾松B水杉C银杏D樟树6、以下哪种细胞是活细胞。
A.石细胞B.纤维C.导管D.筛管7、水稻的花序为。
A穗状花序B复穗状花序C葇荑花序D圆锥花序8、减数分裂发生在的过程中A花粉母细胞—→小孢子B造孢细胞—→花粉母细胞C孢原细胞—→造孢细胞D造孢细胞—→小孢子9、草莓的果实属于。
湖南农业大学2015考研真题617 化学
反应而成,该反应常用的溶剂
是
。
8 、 写 出 ( S ) -2- 羟 基 丁 二 酸 的 费 歇 尔 ( Fischer ) 投 影
式
。
三、推测题(共 12 分,每个化合物结构式和每个反应式各 2 分) 1、化合物 A(C7H16O)分子中的氧原子与手性碳原子相连,并且不能被酸性重铬酸
钾氧化为羰基化合物;A 与浓硫酸共热生成化合物 B(C7H14)(反应 1),B 经臭 氧氧化后在锌保护下水解(反应 2),得到的产物为 C(C3H6O)和 D(C4H8O),C 和 D 均不能还原费林(Fehling)溶液,但都可以发生碘仿反应。推测 A、B、C 和 D 的结构式,并写出反应 1 和反应 2 的反应方程式。
四、鉴别题(第 1 小题 3 分,第 2 小题 4 分,共,7 分)用简便并能产生明显现象的 化学方法,鉴别下列各小题中的各组化合物,请用流程图表示鉴别过程。 1、苯酚、甲苯、氯苯 2、乙基环丙烷、环戊烯、环戊烷、1-戊炔
五、合成题(10 分,每小题 5 分)按照要求制备下列物质(无机试剂任选) 1、由甲苯合成对甲基苯甲酸
) D. 乙酰乙酸乙酯
13、下列物质中能与 D-甘露糖形成相同糖脎的是( )。
A. 甲基-D-葡萄糖苷
B. 麦芽糖
C. D-半乳糖
D. D-果糖
14、某氨基酸溶解于纯水所得溶液的 pH 值为 5.5,下列说法正确的是( )
A. 该氨基酸一定为酸性氨基酸
B. 该氨基酸的等电点一定等于 5.5
C. 该氨基酸的等电点一定小于 5.5 D. 该氨基酸的等电点一定大于 5.5
第二部分 有机化学
一、单项选择题(每小题 2 分,共 30 分)
1、相对分子质量相近的下列各类化合物,沸点最高的是( )