The plot of Tess of the D - 360文档中心

Tess of the d’Urbervilles 介绍

Major works
Under the Greenwood Tree
•The Woodlanders (1887) Far from the Madding Crowd (1874)
The Return of the Native (1878)
•Wessex Tales (1888)
•The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886)
Contents
• Brief Introduction • Major Works
Brief Introduction
• Born: 2 June 1840 • Died: 11 January 1928 • Occupation : architect
writer (Naturalist, Novelist, Poet, and Short Story writer) • a famous critical realistic writer • the last important novelist of the Victorian age
• At the age of 16, he became apprenticed to a local architect, but he gave up architecture in 1874.
• Because of marriage, he began to write poems and novels, which idealized the rural life.
的人》
mainly talk about romantic love stories.
3.Novels of Ingenuity
（机巧和实验小说）

The tragedy of Tess苔丝的悲剧

The tragedy of TessIntroduction of the novel and its influenceTess of the D’Urbervilles, published in 1891,was Thomas Hardy’s last and most significant work. In this novel, Hardy reached the height of his achievement as a novelist. Readers are attracted not only by the innate beauty, but the tragic fate of Tess, the heroine.Tess of the D’urbervills, is about the tragedy of Tess Durbeyfield, who was born in a poor peasant family. When their horse was killed by an accident, the family lost the only me ans to make a living. As Tess’s father got a piece of news from a parson that he was the lineal representative of the ancient and knightly family of the d’Urbervilles, Tess’s mother persuaded her to visit the d’Urbervilles clan at Tranreidge. Tess worked t here and was seduced by Alec d’Uberville. Tess gave birth to a child, but it was unlucky, it died very soon. A long time later, Tess worked at the dairy farm at Talbothays, where she met Angel Clare again, he was a pastor’s son, and wanted to study farming. After a short time, they loved each other. On their wedding night Angel told Tess about an evening of debauchery in his won past. Tess forgiven him andtold her affair with Alec, thinking that he would forgive her as she did for him. But Clare disappointed Tess and did not forgive her when she told him her past story with Alec. Clare left her for Brazil. With the great poverty of her family, Tess had to work under the hardest condition at Flintcomb-ash. Then her father died and the family was expelled from their cottage. In order to support her family, Tess was driven to go back to Alec d’Urberville. One year later, Angel Clare returned from Brazil, being chastened and repented of his cruel treatment of Tess, but the relationship of Tess and Alec, Angel cannot live with Tess. She hated Alec and killed him. After a short happy life with Angel, Tess was arrested at dawn.She was a woman of integrity, and pure in heart, yet she was driven to the hell by the society. Tess lost her virginity, which was caused by Alec. At that time, she only was a 17- year –old- girl. So the main responsibility should be blamed on Alec. At the second time, Tess had to live with Alec, this was caused by her parents and Angel. At last, she killed Alec, this was the weakling’s resi stance.From the character of Tess, I can see the hardship of her life. In herheart, she was a pure girl. At the end of the novel, Thomas Hardy described it full of meaning that “Justice” was done, and President of the Immortals in Aeschy lean phrase, had ended his sport with Tess (Thomas Hardy 2004). From this part, I understand that was Hardy’s strong accusing of British social system.Analysis of the cause of Tess’s tragedyThe social environment made Tess’s tragedy inevitable. At the end of 19th century, capitalism prevailed in the whole England that made broad masses of peasant went bankrupt and then they had to live in poverty and grave situation. The destruction of English peasant caused by capitalism. It was the decisive force that had driven “Tess” to tragedy doom. In the novel, there are many descriptions of Tess working in the field. Though, she was exhausted with manual labor, she could hardly support her family. The self-supporting peasants were displaced and impoverished.Both Alec a nd Angel violated and made fun of Tess. Tess’s physically was injured by Alec d’Urberville, and mentally was affected by Angel Clare. Alec and Angel by different way made Tess’s tragedy from bad toworse.Alec was a lecher, also was a man to do wrong to others to benefit for himself. From this point, it both reflected the landlord class’s nature characteristics in countryside, and emerging capitalist’s feature. But Angel’s circumstance was more complex and volatile. On one hand, he was capitalist with a freedom of mind. He look down upon the material distinction of rank and wealth, and scorned the class’s prejudice and with other concepts. He disliked the life of busy section of the city, and went to the countryside to study the agricultural skills. In the nature life, he got acquainted with Tess who was pure as the nature .I can say it affirmatively that Angel loved Tess at first, because he gave up his parents’ arrangement to marry Mercy Chat, even that was a marriage between the families that were of equal social rank. On other hand, Angel had an idea of egoism, even though, himself was not a pure man, and he could not to accept Tess who was not a really pure bride. He considered her as a “fallen woman”. He still judged “purity” with the conventional value and moral standard that were implanted in him when he was a boy. He was the slave to the custom and conventionality. Obviously, what he loved was not Tess, but another in her shape (Thomas Hardy 2004). He abandoned his wife for Brazil, which was adeathblow to innocent woman Tess.Tess’s father only was a ped-lar, but he with full of vanity and ignorant, he also was a drinker. After Tess’s father Jack Durbeyfild learned that he was descended from the famous d’Urberville family, He felt very proud, and from then on, there might add “sir” before his name, it was glory for him. And then he became indolent and sluggish. He had never done more work than was necessary to keep his family supplied with meager food and himself with beer but from that day on he ceased doing even that small amount of work. Durbeyfild won’t be able to take the journey with the beehives in the early morning, but somebody must go. In his family, no other fit for the job only himself. Tess was obliged to do the difficult job. There happened an accident, and killed their poor horse Prince. The death of the horse destroyed the family’s livelihood and finished the family’s hauling business. From then on, Tess thought that she had dragged her parents into quagmire.Tesss’s mother Joan Du rbeyfield was an unenlightened happy woman, as her husband full of vanity. She had a beautiful and lovely daughter, and felt that was glorious for her family. She tried Tess’s fatein the Fortune-teller, and it brought out that every thing, and Tess’s skin was as sleek as a duchess’s, so she was sure that Tess likely enough to marry a noble gentleman (Thomas Hardy 2004). The unrealistic thought led she to persuade her oldest daughter, Tess, to visit the Stoke-d”Urbervilles which was the claim kin .The first time of Tess left home for work at Alec’s family, as a mother, she did not tell her anything about a man maybe danger for a woman, at that time she only was 17 years old girl, but her full of vanity mind did not think over it much, her only hope was that Tess would make a good impression on the rich d’Ubervilles and perhaps a good marriage with one of the son.Tess’s tragedy was not only caused by external reason, but also the internal reason. Tess herself was pure in heart and had a kind heart, and without experience. It just unlucky that Tess met Alec, who was a man of easy virtue, so she could not escape from entice into unlawful sexual intercourse of Alec. After the dishonorable thing, Tess left Alec. During the following times, Tess met Angel Clare at the dairy farm. He loved Tess and treated Tess “equally”, which made Tess trust him and fell in love with him. Tess loved Angel deeply, with the result that she acted on impulse. And besides, she was affected deeply by the society and belonged to conservative, so she was thinking about it all the time thatshe was not a virgin girl. So that she didn’t want to marry Angel and refused many times of the offer of marriage by Angel. But she was unable to bear the enticement of emotion and agreed to marry him at last. Because of his “noble virtue”, Tess opened her mind to him and told him all her past story with Alec on their wedding night, thinking that Angel would forgive her as she did for him. From then on a series of graver tragedy took place in her future life.Tess’s tragedy was the tragedy of character. On one side, struggled bravely against her destiny and the conventional morality. She desired for happiness and true love. On the other side, she could not completely get rid of social conventions and moral standards of the day, which made her believe that she had to pay for what she had sinned. In chapter 37of Tess of the D’Urberilles, Hardy described that Angel occasionally walk in his sleep:Angel had instinctively manifested a fondness for her of which his common-sense did not approve, Angel might have a faint recollection of his tender vagary, and was disinclined to allude to it from a conviction that she would take amatory advantage of opportunity it gave her ofappealing to him anew not to go (Thomas Hardy 2004).From this point, I think that Tess was very obstinate. She yielded to the arrangement of the fate .The later was the weak point in her character.Summarize the process of the tragedy.Tess Durbeyfeild’s misfortune started from the sudden death of the only horse. At that time, Tess’s father learned that his family belonged to the ancient and knightly family of the d’Urberilles. Also there had a rich family of Stoke d’Urbervilles. In fact, Alec was the son of a rich merchant who added the name of d’Urberille to his own name, stoke, because it had historical association and the d’Urbervilles were supposed to be extinct. So Tess was sent to visit the claim kin of Alec d’Uberville.At the end of chapter 5, Alec said: “well, I’m damned! What a funny thing! Ha-ha-ha! And what a crumby girl!”(Thomas Hardy2004). From this point, I learned that Alec was a lecher. Of course Tess could not leada very easy life at Alec’s family. Alec was shrewd and crafty wrote a letter by his mother’s tone ask ed Tess to look after a litter fowl-farm, which was her hobby. It just was a trap for Tess. Even though, Tess’s mother knew it just an artful way of getting Tess went to there, but she didn’t know it just Alec’s wish.On the way to Alec’s family, Alec be gan to take liberties with Tess, and kissed her. Tess worked there for four months and was seduced by Alec. Then Tess gave birth a child, but it died very soon.At the dairy farm Tess was liked and well treated, at that time, that was Tess’s happy life i n her experience. At the dairy farm Tess met Angel. At first Tess seemed to regard Angel Clare as an intelligencer rather than as a man. By this way, Tess fell in love with Angel, but she cannot get rid of her sense of guilt. Her love for him acted to blot out the memories of the past, but she was always aware that her forgetfulness was only temporary, that the doubts, fears, and sham were only waiting like wolves just outside the light. Although Tess was in love with Angel by this time, the memory of her night with Alec caused her to refuse Angel again and again. At last she could not bear any more, and agreed to marry him.On the night before the wedding, Tess wrote a letter to Angel for telling everything about herself and Alee, She shipped the letter under his door, but Angel did not discover the letter, because she had put the letter under the carpet. When she realized that Angel had not found the letter. She attempted to tell him about her past. But Angel did not discover the letter,because she had put the letter the carpet. When she realized that Angel had not found the letter. She attempted to tell him about her past. But Angel did not think it was important, thinking that such a pure girl could have no black sins in her history.On their wedding night, Tess made a final decision to tell him all her past, but it was easy, Angel said at first that he wanted to make a confession to her. It was easy for her to forgive him, so she began to tell him all her past. It was difficult for Angel to forgive Tess, he could not accept this fact. Form then on Tess’s tragedy form bad to worse. For several days later, Angel left Tess for Brazil.Angel had left Tess some money and some jewels, but her family went hungry once more, for her father still thought himself too high-born to work for a living. After her father died, her family was expelled from their cottage, and her family’s homelessness made Tess found no was out, Tess had to again go from farm to farm. At that time, Tess’s tragedy reached the climax.While Tess was working in the field, She met Alec again. Alec began to pursue her once more. Frightened, Tess wrote to Angel told him that she loved him and needed him, and begged him to forgive her and to return to her. For long time she did not receive an answer from Angel. In order to support the family, Tess had no other means to choose, only to accept Alec’s “help” for the second time. Angel was late just for a few days, although he should have reunited with Tess a few days earlier. These series of chance happening seems to decide Tess’s tragedy, and each of them put Tess further into the mysterious entrapment until her. Throughout the whole story, Tess was constantly involved in the mysterious fate, which led to the tragedy step by step.ConclusionHardy created Tess as an attractive and warm-hearted pure woman who has the quality of endurance and self-sacrifice. Thus result Tess has become the victim of her family and the society in which she exists. Through the above analysis and the summarizat ion of Tess’s tragedy, it is obvious that the poverty, Alec’s wickedness, Angel’s conventional ideas, Tess’s character as well as Hardy’s fatalism are the direct causes of Tess’s tragedy. But the direct causes are deeply rooted in the cruel social environment: the impoverished peasant, the unjust law and cruel convention. Therefore, we can draw a conclusion that the society is the real and deeply rooted cause of Tess’s tragedy.。

tess of the d'urbervilles简介

tess of the d'urbervilles简介《德伯家的苔丝》是英国作家托马斯·哈代创作的一部小说，被认为是哈代最伟大的作品之一。

本文将对《德伯家的苔丝》进行简要介绍。

《德伯家的苔丝》以19世纪末英国乡村为背景，讲述了一个名叫苔丝的女主人公苔丝·达伯维尔的命运。

苔丝出生在一个贫困的农家，家庭生活十分艰辛。

然而，她具有出色的容貌和勇敢的性格，这使她有机会改变自己的命运。

故事开始时，苔丝因家庭的贫困而被送往亲戚家打工。

在那里，她遭遇了一个叫亚历克斯·德伯维尔的年轻绅士，他被苔丝的美貌所吸引，并迅速展开了追求。

然而，苔丝的不幸并没有停止。

由于一系列的不幸事件，她失去了工作，被迫转而寻找其他的生计。

在她的漂泊中，苔丝遇到了另一个男子，名叫安杰洛·克莱尔。

安杰洛是一个理想主义者，他憧憬着崇高的爱情和道德准则。

他被苔丝的纯洁和善良所吸引，二人开始了一段纯美的爱情。

然而，在他们即将结婚的时候，苔丝被迫向安杰洛坦白她过去的秘密，包括她和亚历克斯之间的关系以及她曾经遭受的悲惨命运。

安杰洛的理想主义在得知苔丝的过去后遭到了严重的考验，他无法接受苔丝的过去，并决定与她分手。

苔丝因此经历了巨大的痛苦和打击，她对这个伤害她心灵的世界感到绝望。

最终，她在追求自由和快乐的道路上选择了一种悲剧的结局。

《德伯家的苔丝》通过苔丝的故事刻画了19世纪英国社会的社会阶级和性别不平等问题。

苔丝是一个强大的女性形象，她经历了社会的不公正对待、男性的压迫和社会舆论的谩骂，但她依然坚持自己的尊严和信念。

她的命运成为了一种象征，揭示了当时社会对于女性的苛刻和对于道德标准的双重标准。

此外，《德伯家的苔丝》还以其深情的描写和刻画著称。

哈代通过细致入微的叙述，清晰地展现了英国乡村的风土人情和人与人之间的情感纠葛。

他以其独特的文笔，构建了一个真实而感人的故事，使读者深受感动和共鸣。

总体而言，《德伯家的苔丝》是一部兼具社会批判与感情描写的经典小说。

The reading report of Tess of the D

The reading report of Tess of the D’UrbervillesI am deeply impressed by Tess of the D’Urbervilles, which was written by Thomas Hardy.The novel tells a tragedy that an innocent and beautiful girl-Tess lived a tough life and was hung finally .Tess is the heroine of the story which I love very much. In the beginning, beautiful Tess was an optimistic girl who liked sang songs and dancing. Because of her poor family, her greedy mother, the bad Mr. D’Urbervilles and her shaky lover -Angle Clare, she became a miserable person in the end.We cannot deny that it is a story which makes reader sigh with regret .Tess only hopes she could live a simple and quiet life. How easy it is in our century! But she couldn’t get it and suffered too much in her age ,which beyond a woman’s tolerance. Who knows , they cruelly killed a nice girl! it is not only her tragedy but also the society ! the roof of the miserable is the total of the ill society , the hypocritical law, the prejudice and the stupid people .we can image the horror century which rich can do whatever they want but the poor cannot have the right to seek for the most simple happiness. It’s a huge pity that Tess’s miserable fate isn’t an accident but an example. We cry for Tess, and we cry for the society .As Lu Xun said, tragedy is tearing the good things and let people see. tragedy could occur our hearts and give us some importance lessonswhich we will bear in mind. according to the novels ,I firmly convinced that it’s not the fate but the social factor influence a person’s life !。

Tess of D 德伯家的苔丝

A purity woman-TessTess of the D’Urbervilles was written by a famous English writer Thomas Hardy. In author ‘s opinion, Tess is a purity woman.The novel tells a story about a pretty and good girl called Tess, who lived in a village in Merlot. To her sadness, when she was seventeen, she met a bad man; she gave birth to a baby, which didn't live long. The bad man wants to marry Tess, but Tess did not love him. Although people around Tess said that she was no longer a pure and untouched girl. She still do herself.Because she was the eldest of the 7 children in the family, she found a job to support the whole family in a dairy. There she knew Angel and married him. But unluckily, when Angel knew her sad story, he left her and went to Brazil. Tess led a hard and lonely life after that.She was so poor and helpless, but she still insist no to find work and rely on her. According to this, Tess is a pure woman.Later when she knew Angel had returned home and found out that she was living with the man who had given the damage to her before, Tess couldn't accept the fact and killed the man who was living with her.Then she escaped and spent together with Angel three days and nights. The police found them on the morning of the fourth day. A few days later, Tess was executed.Author thinks that she is a purity woman. She dared to fight against the evil, bravely seek and struggle for the rights of love.There are a lot of women want to rely on the men in the daily life, however Tess is different. She did not rely on anyone but herself. So Tess is a purity woman.(308)。

Tess of The D'Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝

Tess of The D'UrbervillesThomas Hardy,the author of Tess of The D'Urbervilles,was one of the excellent novelist of the nineteenth century.Since he was a realistic author,Tess of The D'Urbervilles reflected his real society.This book described a charm of the tragic fate of the poor girl-Tess.She was the eldest daughter of a poor rural working family and looked markedly more mature than she was.Because of the parents' requirement,Tess came to the D'Urbervilles and met Alec Stoke D'Urbervilles.For the beauty of Tess,Alec pretended to help Tess and made her fed chickens in his manor.Three months later,he raped Tess .Tess was hate him and came back home,but she was pregnant and gave birth to a baby ,died for illness unfortunately.After going through a difficult period,Tess decided to start again and made another journey away from home.She came to a milk farm,while met her true love-Angel Clare.He was the son of a clergyman,but he was a freethinker and fallen in love with Tess.Soon,they got married.After wedding,they confessed their pasts to each other,and Tess forgave Angel's for his past indiscretions.But Angel could not put up with Tess for having a child with another man.So Angel abandoned Tess ,went to the Brazil on his own and Tess had to go back home.Because of her father's suddenly death and mother's bad body,the family had no house to live.Tess had no other choice only to a farm to drudge.While unfortunately,Alec appeared again in a minister.Alec entangled Tess constantly and persuaded her to see the reality in her relationship with Angle.For the family exited,Tess had to become Alec's mistress.In the other hand,Angle Clare went through a difficult experience in Brazil and returned from Brazil to look for Tess.Through the psychological struggle,Tess killed Alec and found Angle in the train.During the escaping life with Angle,they had a very happy couple life.But still could not change,Tess was arrested finally and died.Tess could be a happy girl though her family was very poor. But “noble, status, and money” were strongly in her father’s mind, just because of the discovery that a parson said to him. Without their horse’s carrying load, life became rather difficult. Tess blamed herself completely, and she wondered what she could help her parents. Then T ess obeyed her mother’s idea, to work at the D’Urberville’s home.After reading this book,it gives me great impression.There is no doubt that the tragedy of Tess, firstly is the social tragedy.In that age,Tess lived in the bottom of the society.She was very simple and wanted a simple life with her true love,but she had no power to defenseherself.Therefore she lost her purity.In other words,Angle also did a wrong thing and it even more serious than Tess's crime.Tess had owned the traditional virtue and the spirit of selfless dedication.The same,she was the victim of law.But perhaps no love,no hatred,no dignity,death was the best way for Tess to extricate herself.Tess did not make any mistakes,but at last, she born all punishments and sufferings.What we cay is that all the panic of Tess comes from the unfair society.To be honest,this book is really worth reading.It gives me great influence.。

德伯家的苔丝课件

德伯家的苔丝
Thomas Hardy (1840~1928)
德伯家的苔丝
Thomas Hardy
• Life • Works • Theme & Style • Position & Evaluation
德伯家的苔丝
Life
Thomas Hardy was an English novelist, short writer and poet.
德伯家的苔丝
Works
• 1867 The Poor Man and The Lady • 1871 Desperate Remedies • 1872 Under the Greenwood Tree • 1873 A Pair of Blue Eyes • 1874 Far From the Madding Crowd • 1878 The Return of the Native • 1886 The Mayor of Casterbridge • 1887 The Woodlanders • 1891 Tess of the D' Urebevilles • 1895 Jude the Obscure
Tess of the D'Urbervilles
Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)
德伯家的苔丝
17112303 顾蓉 17112307 蒋爱家
17112312
Contents
• The Author • Analysis on Characters • Main Idea • Plot of the Text • Analysis on the Text
Romantic during the first third of the nineteenth century artistic philosophy reliance upon emotion and natural passions unique nature of the individual

英语专业文学德伯家的苔丝论文

从生态女性主义的角度来分析苔丝专业：英语学号：学生姓名：指导老师：摘要托马斯.哈代的小说《德伯家的苔丝》是英国以及世界文学史上的经典之作。

本文主要通过女性生态主义的角度来理解和分析这篇小说。

生态女性主义者认为，自然与女性是人类生存和发展的本源，二者均与男性相对立，而且都是资本主义工业化经济扩张过程中的受害者。

在小说中，苔丝作为哈代塑造的一位女性，身处在英国工业大肆向农村扩张的时期，同时被男性所欺凌和压迫。

同时，她身边的自然环境和生产方式的改变也体现着以男性为中心的社会对于自然界的扩张和侵犯。

因此，本文将通过生态女性主义的角度来分析《德伯家的苔丝》。

通过生态女性主义的视角分析哈代的自然观、妇女观在作品中的体现和其作品中反映的苔丝与自然的亲密关系以及在男权社会中女权主义的崛起，能给读者以一个新的角度来重新理解这部作品，与此同时，能够对生态女性主义及其发展有很好的了解。

关键词：生态女性主义；自然；工业化；男权社会Analysis of Tess of the D’urbervilles in the Light of EcofeminismAbstractThomas Hardy’s novel Tess of the D’urbervilles is a great classic work in England as well as in the world. This thesis will analysis Tess of the D’urbervilles in the light of ecofeminism. Ecofeminists argues that nature and feminist are the origin of human being’s existence and development ,the two are incompatible to men .Moreover, are the victims in the process of capitalistic industrialization and expansive male intrusion. In the novel ,Tess is a heroine created by Hardy, who was set to live in the times of industrialization approach to rural area., and bullied and oppressed by masculine. Besides ,the nature surrounding her and the modify of production style also can reflect the expansion as well as the invasion endowed by male centered world .Therefore ,this thesis will read Tess of the D’urbervilles by angel of ecofeminism. Through Analysis of Hardy’s view of nature and women in the light of ecofeminism as well as Tess’s close relationship with nature and the emergency of feminism among male chauvinism, which will give reader a new angel to understand the novel. Meanwhile ,we can have a good understanding of ecofeminism .Key Words: Tess of the D’urbervilles; Ecofeminism; Women; Nature; IndusrtilizationCONTENTS摘要 (I)Abstract (I)Chapter 1 Introduction (2)1．1 The writing background (2)1．2 The main content of Tess of the D’ubervilles (3)1．3 Literature review (4)1. 4What is new in my studyChapter 2 Ecofeminism and Its Development (5)2. 1 Definiation of specialized terms (5)2. 2 The Development of Ecofeminism (6)2. 3 Differences of social psychology ...................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

tess of the d'urbervilles英文摘抄(一)

tess of the d’urbervilles英文摘抄(一)《Tess of the d’Urbervilles》相关摘抄词语摘抄•“Tess Durbeyfield at this time of her life was a mere vessel of emotion untinctured by experience.”(Chapter 1)•“He was no longer the mere adventitious personage of a fortnight: he had an inkling of herstory…” (Chapter 2)•“But she was not aware that, almost in her own despite, her word had no sooner been formed than ithad been unmade again.” (Chapter 5)句子摘抄•“A str ong woman who recklessly throws away her strength, she is worse than a weak woman who hasnever had any strength to throw away.” (Chapter 15)•“Did it never strike your mind that what every woman says some women may feel?” (Chapter 22)•“Angel would sometime s put his hand upon her brow, and smile into her face as one might smile into a sleeping baby’s…” (Chapter 24)段落摘抄•“Why didn’t you tell me sooner that I ought to have known?” he said, tenderly. “Ah, yes, you have been very kind to me! I don’t deserve you–I know Idon’t. I–I am not in my senses! I don’t know what Isay! I will leave you for the night, and come to you to-morrow at the farm. Will you forgive me? I do love youso! But you ought to have told me, my own, own wife!”(Chapter 34)•“For one thing, f arming operations were somewhat restricted by the prevalence of fog during this period, and the confusion which added to the ordinaryobscurity lent to night-farming by the necessary use of lanterns and candles, and the non-appearance of of dayat a time when day should have been declared, was of an altogether special intensity.” (Chapter 53)•“The sun leapt up from the ground like a miracle, and fell upon Tess’s face. She had jumpedinvoluntarily, and they withdrew…. Her eyes were brightand tender with a new-born timid love.” (Chapter 59)以上是《Tess of the d’Urbervilles》中的一些相关词语、句子和段落的摘抄。

Tess of The D

Tess of The D'UrbervillesThomas Hardy,the author of Tess of The D'Urbervilles,was one of the excellent novelist of the nineteenth century.Since he was a realistic author,Tess of The D'Urbervilles reflected his real society.This book described a charm of the tragic fate of the poor girl-Tess.She was the eldest daughter of a poor rural working family and looked markedly more mature than she was.Because of the parents' requirement,Tess came to the D'Urbervilles and met Alec Stoke D'Urbervilles.For the beauty of Tess,Alec pretended to help Tess and made her fed chickens in his manor.Three months later,he raped Tess .Tess was hate him and came back home,but she was pregnant and gave birth to a baby ,died for illness unfortunately.After going through a difficult period,Tess decided to start again and made another journey away from home.She came to a milk farm,while met her true love-Angel Clare.He was the son of a clergyman,but he was a freethinker and fallen in love with Tess.Soon,they got married.After wedding,they confessed their pasts to each other,and Tess forgave Angel's for his past indiscretions.But Angel could not put up with Tess for having a child with another man.So Angel abandoned Tess ,went to the Brazil on his own and Tess had to go back home.Because of her father's suddenly death and mother's bad body,the family had no house to live.Tess had no other choice only to a farm to drudge.While unfortunately,Alec appeared again in a minister.Alec entangled Tess constantly and persuaded her to see the reality in her relationship with Angle.For the family exited,Tess had to become Alec's mistress.In the other hand,Angle Clare went through a difficult experience in Brazil and returned from Brazil to look for Tess.Through the psychological struggle,Tess killed Alec and found Angle in the train.During the escaping life with Angle,they had a very happy couple life.But still could not change,Tess was arrested finally and died.Tess could be a happy girl though her family was very poor. But “noble, status, and money”were strongly in her father’s mind, just because of the discovery that a parson said to him. Without their horse’s carrying load, life became rather difficult. Tess blamed herself completely, and she wondered what she could help her parents. Then Tess obeyed her mother’s idea, to work at the D’Urberville’s home.After reading this book,it gives me great impression.There is no doubt that the tragedy of Tess, firstly is the social tragedy.In that age,Tess lived in the bottom of the society.She was very simple and wanted a simple life with her true love,but she had no power to defense herself.Therefore she lost her purity.In other words,Angle also did a wrong thing and it even more serious than Tess's crime.Tess had owned the traditional virtue and the spirit of selfless dedication.The same,she was the victim of law.But perhaps no love,no hatred,no dignity,death was the best way for Tess to extricate herself.Tess did not make any mistakes,but at last, she born all punishments and sufferings.What we cay is that all the panic of Tess comes from the unfair society. To be honest,this book is really worth reading.It gives me great influence。

tess of the d'urbervilles原文

tess of the d'urbervilles原文《Tess of the d'Urbervilles》是英国作家托马斯·哈代的一部名著。

这是一部关于一位纯洁无暇，却被命运捉弄的乡村少女苔丝的悲剧性的人生故事。

以下是这本书的一段英语原文：“Phase the First: The Maiden”“I”“On an evening in the latter part of May a middle-aged man was walking homeward from Shaston to the village of Marlott, in the adjoining Vale of Blakemore or Blackmoor. The pair of legs that carried him were rickety, and there was a bias in his gait which inclined him somewhat to the left of a straight line. He occasionally gave a smart nod, as if in confirmation of some opinion, though he was not thinking of anything in particular. An empty egg-basket was slung upon his arm, the nap of his hat was ruffled, a patch being quite worn away at its brim where his thumb came in taking it off. Presently he was met by an elderly parson astride on a gray mare, who, as he rode, hummed a wandering tune.”这段描绘了一位中年男子在五月的一个晚上从Shaston回到Marlott村的情景。

苔丝 Tess-of-d'-Urbervilles

Tess’s life experience
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A beautiful rural young lady she was seduced by Alec
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Tess falls in love with Clare and she confesses the past of hes, most of Hardy’s novels are tragic.
Structure
The structure of the novel is based on a cyclical pattern, divided into three parts.
1. The first is a prelude, telling how Tess leaves home and encounters Alec. She is seduced by Alec and comes back home disgraced. This is the first cycle, beginning in May and ending in August.
1. Tess’s ignorant parents 2. Evil and selfish male chauvinists
Ⅲ. Tess’s personal character
Conclusion
In summary, Thomas Hardy reflects some serious problems in his novel---Tess of the D’Urbervilles under the control of the capitalist class. The tragedy of Tess is inevitable under the authority of capitalism. The society environment, family environment and her own characters are the main factors of her tragic fate without any doubt. Therefore, the tragedy of Tess is predestinated.

英美文学选读考试题

英美文学选读考试题一．9 authors, 20 works. (20)William Shakespearean: The tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark.Venus and Adonis, Rape of Lucrece.Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe, Moll Flanders. Captain SingletonRobert Burns: My heart’s in the Highlands, A Red Red Rose. Auld Lang Syne.William Wordsworth:“The Solitary Reaper”. “We are S even”, “Lucy”, “Michael”, “Simon Lee””Lucy”I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, The Solitary Reaper.John Keats: On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer, On a Grecian Urn, To Psyche, TO a Nightingale. “Ode to Autumn”, “Ode on Melancholy”, “Ode on a Grecian Urn”and “Ode to a Nightingale”. All were written in 1819 with the praise of beauty as their general theme.Jane Austen: Novels: Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, EmmaCharles Dickens: long novel: Pickwick Papers Novels: Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickleby, Barnaby Rudge, Great Expectations, OurMutual FriendsCharlotte Bronte: The Professor, Jane Eyre.Thomas Hardy: The Return of the Native, The Mayer of Casterbridge, Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Jude the Obscure 二，对错（10）1. Act three is the best known and most important of Hamlet’s soliloqui es among all the soliloquies in the play. In this soliloquy, Hamlet reveals his innermost thoughts and emotions, his hesitation in particular, before taking decisive action.2. Robinson Crusoe retells, in the first person singular, a sailor’s adventure on an inhabitated island.3. Defoe traces the development of Robison Crusoe from a innocent and artless youth into a clever and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.4. Burn s’s poetry was written in the Scottish dialect on a variety of subjects. A large number of his poems deal with themes of love, friendship, Scottish life and nature.5. A second edition 1800 contained more poems and a preface by Wordsworth. The preface to Lyrical Ballads best read as a statement of his principle of poems.6. According to Wordsworth, he believed that “All goodpoetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.” Thus he located many of his poems in “common life” and his poetry is distinguished by the simplicity and purity of his language.7. There he lives a life of poverty and misery, and makes friends with the lively and penniless Mr. Micawder.8. Jane Eyre maintains that women should have equal rights with men, thus this novel has drawn the feminists’ attention in t he twentieth century.三，选择（10）According to Wordsworth, he believed that “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.”He located many of his poems in “common life” and his poetry is distinguished by the simplicity and purity of his language.四，读选文，回答问题（两诗歌，三小说）作者名字（5个40分）1.Sonnet18: Shakespearian.What is the theme of this sonnet? -- Runs in iambic pentameter, rhymed ABAB CDCD EFEF GG.2.The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark: Shakespearian.What dos e the “to or not to be” soliloquy tell us about Hamlet’s state of mind?―The soliloquy opens with a question,and there two other extended questions in the passage, all of which suggests that Hamlet is undecided, and either unable or unwilling to make up his mind, contemplating suicide, and disenchanted with the suffering of human life. He is cynical, but comforts himself with reflection, even though he is clearly suffering greatly and aware of his own sins and weakness.Why Hamlet hesitates before taking decisive action? -- Hamlet is often indecisive and hesitant, but at other times prone to rash and impulsive acts. Even at the end of this whole narrative of Hamlet's, he still doesn't decide on anything. He's just speaking his thoughts; he's not committing to anything. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud: William Wordsworth.3. I wandered lonely as a cloud: William Wordsworth.What does “daffodil” stand for? ---Daffodil stand for nature in this poem, but the poet does not depict it simply as part of nature. As for Wordsworth, he dose not just want to depict the natural landscape, moreover, he pays much attention to the interaction between mature and human nature. He perceives nature as a stone of truths about human nature.Analyze the form of this poem by taking the first two lines as example. ---This poem consists of four stanzas and in eachstanza there are six lines. In each line there are four feet with a weak- strong sound pattern. The rime scheme in each stanza is a b a b c c.I wandered lonely as a cloud aThat floats on high o’er vales and hills, bWhen all at once I saw a crowd, aA host of golden daffodils; bBeside the lake, beneath the trees cFluttering and dancing in the breeze. C4.To Autumn: John Keats.What are the images used in this poem? Are they carefully arranged? --- Visual image, olfactory image, gustatory image, tactile image, auditory image. Through a series of images, make readers announcement of its scene, feeling rich concrete images.In the poem of To Autumn, he used visual image, auditory image, tactile image, gustatory image, kinaesthetic image and abstractimage to make the abstract impression of autumn specific, appreciable and more colorful. The pursuit to beauty is the way that Keats loves life, nature and also is the way he observes and enjoys life and nature. The pursuit to beau ty is his critique to the darkness of life and society. It also tells how he wanted beautifula nd ideal life in his short life.5.Pride and Prejudice: Jane Austen.Do you agree with the opening statement of the novel? What has the sentence to do with tone of the whole novel? --- Opening statement of the novel set the tone for whole novel. Writer is very serious in stating a universal truth, but what follows, however, is a very common topic of everyday life―marriage. Thus a humorous and ironic effect is achieved. Two key words appear in the statement: marriage and money, which in effect ate subject matter of the whole novel, the focus here is on the link between money and marriage.Based on your reading of the first two chapters of the novels, can you summarize the characteristics of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet? ―Mr. Bennet: he behaved sarcastically humorous, witty and capricious, and insightful in the process of showing his disrespect and dislike of Mrs. Bennet. Her mind was less difficult to develop. She was woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was discounted, she fancied herself nervous, the business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news.What is your understanding of the relationship betweenmoney and marriage? --- A happy and strong marriage takes time to build and must be based on mutual feeling, understanding, and respect. Marriage can not built on the basis of money. If there is no real love between the couple, their marriage will become a tragedy eventually. Even though money can give people the comfortable house and the luxurious life, it can not buy a beautiful marriage6.David Copperfield: Charles Dickens.Dose David enjoys his life described in this chapter? How do you know? ---- David works very hard in the factory, but he could simply pay for his living. The real difficulty is that he feels very lonely, because from Monday morning until Saturday night, he has no advice, no encouragements, and no assistance of any kind. Luckily, his stay with the Micawber family in his leisure time turns out to be quite pleasant. They form a very precious friendship.Why dose the novel use the first point of view? --- It helps the author to select details. Only the events and details that David could have seen and experienced can logically be introduced into the story. The narrator’s limited view may create the effect o f suspense. 7.Jane Eyre: Charlotte BronteGive common: 性格特点：Jane Eyre is Straightforward andfeminism. Showed her concerns for the position of women particularly in English society.五，回答问题（20）William Shakespearean154 sonnets. Long poems: Venus and Adonis, The Rape of Lucrece. 38 plays.Daniel Defoe1. What are the characteristics of Crusoe from the selected reading?--- Self-reliance; patient; cheerful; clarity, courage and persistence in overcoming difficulties he start a new life in the desolate island, which demands a lot of courage and daring.Robert Burns―ScotlandA Red, Red Rose: wrote in 1794, published in 1796.1. An outstanding feature of this poem is the skillful use simile at the beginning of the poem. Draw on specific lines to explain its effect.---Simile means a comparison between two unlike items that includes like or as. For example, the first line of this poem: “Oh, my love is like a red, red rose"; al so, in this poem, "My love is like the melody". By comparing the speaker' s love to a red, red rose and a melody, readers canclearly sense the speaker's appreciation and deep love to his lover.2. This short poem is actually composed of a series of overstatements. What is the function of them? Give examples to illustrate your point. --- Overstatement is intentional exaggeration, which is, saying more that is actually meant. In this poem, when the speaker says that he will love his lady until all the seas go dry, he is using overstatement. By using this, the poet can attract readers’ attention and the sentence will leave a deep impression on the reader’s mind.William Wordsworth“The break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th century”. A second edition in 1800 contained more poems and a preface by Wordsworth. The preface to lyrical Ballads is best read as a statement or his principles of poetry.John KeatsJane AustenThe Plot Pride and Prejudice---Major characters: Elizabeth Bennet(the second eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet); Jane Bennet(first); Lydia Bennet(fifth); Mr. Bingley: a rich, single. Mr. Darcy (Mr. Bingley’sfriend who is a rich and proud young man)Theme: money and marriage.Writing style: Clarity, economy, skillful use of dialogue and tight plotting are the main features of Jane Austen’s style.Subject: Houses, money, estates run.Charles Dickens:David Copperfield:theme: the hero of the novel. The novel depicts David’s life experiences from an innocent boy to a famous wr iter. Style: Of Dickens’s fictional art, the most distinguishing feature is his successful characterization, especially male characters. Dickens was also a great story-teller. His plots were always very large, varied and complicated. However, the plots of his novels changed dramatically as he got older. In his later years, plots primarily became the vehicles for his characterization of thematic concerns, as readers may find in this novel.Charlotte Bronte-Jane Eyre four girls except Ann weres send to Charity School，三个姐妹中最大的,Unhappy life in charity school, with Emily go to Charlotte study. 性格特点：Straightforward直白的人feminism女权主义Romantic浪漫主义Thoughtful1.Give t hree instances in which Jane Eyre draws fromCharlotte Bronte’s background 1). Jane’s life in Lo wood is depicted based on the author’s own experiences in charity school where she spent some unhappy years of her childhood. 2) In Thornfield, Jane falls in love with Mr. Rochester, a rich squire who turns out to have had a mad wife. This is by and large Charlotte’s experience in Brussels where she falls in a married professor. 3) In Thronfield, Jane works as governess, and Charlotte herself worked as teachers and governess during 1837 to 1840.2.Discuss the symbolic use of names in this novel.1)“Eyre”, the surname of Jane, has the same pronunciation as “air”, which may symbolize Jane’s pursuit of freedom. 2) “Blanche”, the given name of Miss. Ingram, has its Fre nch origin, which actually means “white” in English. And it may symbolize the shallowness of Miss. Ingram.3.How does Mr. Rochester treat Jane in this chapter? What Jane’s character attract him ?To start with, Mr. Rochester shows some cruelty in his courtship of Jane so as to make Jane jealous. On hearing this, Jane could not help telling him her true feelings that she longs for equality and does not want to depart with him.?When Mr. Rochester confesses his real intention, Jane feels hurt and refuses his courtship at first.?Then she realizes his intention and accepts his love.?Her self-respect, her desire for independence, her courage, her moral strength, her passion and her personal loyalty and devotion, all these work together to make Mr.Rochester greatly attracted by her.Thomas Hardy:Hardy was a poet before he was a novelist. It was because his early verses could not be accepted that he turned to novel writing.Plot of the novel: Tess of the d’Unbervilles, Hardy’s most famous novel, has a subtitle, which is, A Pure Woman Faithfully Portrayed. It tells a tragic life story of a beautiful,naive country girl, Tess Durbeyfield.General features and comments: The whole story is filled with a feeling of dismal foreboding and doom. Father circumstances and tragic coincidences abound in the book. 12春《英美文学选读》作业1一、单选题1. How many periods are divided into in the creation years of Shakespeare? Three2. Defoe＇s Robinson Crusoe created the image of anenterprising Englishman, typical of the English bourgeoisie in the 18th century.3. In English poetry the _ iamb _is regarded as the most common foot.4. The excerpt The Other Side of the Island was chosen from Chapter_Ⅸ__ in Robinson Crusoe.5. "Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little,I am soulless and heartless?。

The tragedy of Tess 苔丝的悲剧

The tragedy of TessIntroduction of the novel and its influenceTess of the D’Urbervilles, published in 1891,was Thomas Hardy’s last and most significant work. In this novel, Hardy reached the height of his achievement as a novelist. Readers are attracted not only by the innate beauty, but the tragic fate of Tess, the heroine.Tess of the D’urbervills, is about the tragedy of Tess Durbeyfield, who was born in a poor peasant family. When their horse was killed by an accident, the family lost the only me ans to make a living. As Tess’s father got a piece of news from a parson that he was the lineal representative of the ancient and knightly family of the d’Urbervilles, Tess’s mother persuaded her to visit the d’Urbervilles clan at Tranreidge. Tess worked t here and was seduced by Alec d’Uberville. Tess gave birth to a child, but it was unlucky, it died very soon. A long time later, Tess worked at the dairy farm at Talbothays, where she met Angel Clare again, he was a pastor’s son, and wanted to study farming. After a short time, they loved each other. On their wedding night Angel told Tess about an evening of debauchery in his won past. Tess forgiven him andtold her affair with Alec, thinking that he would forgive her as she did for him. But Clare disappointed Tess and did not forgive her when she told him her past story with Alec. Clare left her for Brazil. With the great poverty of her family, Tess had to work under the hardest condition at Flintcomb-ash. Then her father died and the family was expelled from their cottage. In order to support her family, Tess was driven to go back to Alec d’Urberville. One year later, Angel Clare returned from Brazil, being chastened and repented of his cruel treatment of Tess, but the relationship of Tess and Alec, Angel cannot live with Tess. She hated Alec and killed him. After a short happy life with Angel, Tess was arrested at dawn.She was a woman of integrity, and pure in heart, yet she was driven to the hell by the society. Tess lost her virginity, which was caused by Alec. At that time, she only was a 17- year –old- girl. So the main responsibility should be blamed on Alec. At the second time, Tess had to live with Alec, this was caused by her parents and Angel. At last, she killed Alec, this was the weakling’s resi stance.From the character of Tess, I can see the hardship of her life. In herheart, she was a pure girl. At the end of the novel, Thomas Hardy described it full of meaning that “Justice” was done, and President of the Immortals in Aeschy lean phrase, had ended his sport with Tess (Thomas Hardy 2004). From this part, I understand that was Hardy’s strong accusing of British social system.Analysis of the cause of Tess’s tragedyThe social environment made Tess’s tragedy inevitable. At the end of 19th century, capitalism prevailed in the whole England that made broad masses of peasant went bankrupt and then they had to live in poverty and grave situation. The destruction of English peasant caused by capitalism. It was the decisive force that had driven “Tess” to tragedy doom. In the novel, there are many descriptions of Tess working in the field. Though, she was exhausted with manual labor, she could hardly support her family. The self-supporting peasants were displaced and impoverished.Both Alec a nd Angel violated and made fun of Tess. Tess’s physically was injured by Alec d’Urberville, and mentally was affected by Angel Clare. Alec and Angel by different way made Tess’s tragedy from bad toworse.Alec was a lecher, also was a man to do wrong to others to benefit for himself. From this point, it both reflected the landlord class’s nature characteristics in countryside, and emerging capitalist’s feature. But Angel’s circumstance was more complex and volatile. On one hand, he was capitalist with a freedom of mind. He look down upon the material distinction of rank and wealth, and scorned the class’s prejudice and with other concepts. He disliked the life of busy section of the city, and went to the countryside to study the agricultural skills. In the nature life, he got acquainted with Tess who was pure as the nature .I can say it affirmatively that Angel loved Tess at first, because he gave up his parents’ arrangement to marry Mercy Chat, even that was a marriage between the families that were of equal social rank. On other hand, Angel had an idea of egoism, even though, himself was not a pure man, and he could not to accept Tess who was not a really pure bride. He considered her as a “fallen woman”. He still judged “purity” with the conventional value and moral standard that were implanted in him when he was a boy. He was the slave to the custom and conventionality. Obviously, what he loved was not Tess, but another in her shape (Thomas Hardy 2004). He abandoned his wife for Brazil, which was adeathblow to innocent woman Tess.Tess’s father only was a ped-lar, but he with full of vanity and ignorant, he also was a drinker. After Tess’s father Jack Durbeyfild learned that he was descended from the famous d’Urberville family, He felt very proud, and from then on, there might add “sir” before his name, it was glory for him. And then he became indolent and sluggish. He had never done more work than was necessary to keep his family supplied with meager food and himself with beer but from that day on he ceased doing even that small amount of work. Durbeyfild won’t be able to take the journey with the beehives in the early morning, but somebody must go. In his family, no other fit for the job only himself. Tess was obliged to do the difficult job. There happened an accident, and killed their poor horse Prince. The death of the horse destroyed the family’s livelihood and finished the family’s hauling business. From then on, Tess thought that she had dragged her parents into quagmire.Tesss’s mother Joan Du rbeyfield was an unenlightened happy woman, as her husband full of vanity. She had a beautiful and lovely daughter, and felt that was glorious for her family. She tried Tess’s fatein the Fortune-teller, and it brought out that every thing, and Tess’s skin was as sleek as a duchess’s, so she was sure that Tess likely enough to marry a noble gentleman (Thomas Hardy 2004). The unrealistic thought led she to persuade her oldest daughter, Tess, to visit the Stoke-d”Urbervilles which was the claim kin .The first time of Tess left home for work at Alec’s family, as a mother, she did not tell her anything about a man maybe danger for a woman, at that time she only was 17 years old girl, but her full of vanity mind did not think over it much, her only hope was that Tess would make a good impression on the rich d’Ubervilles and perhaps a good marriage with one of the son.Tess’s tragedy was not only caused by external reason, but also the internal reason. Tess herself was pure in heart and had a kind heart, and without experience. It just unlucky that Tess met Alec, who was a man of easy virtue, so she could not escape from entice into unlawful sexual intercourse of Alec. After the dishonorable thing, Tess left Alec. During the following times, Tess met Angel Clare at the dairy farm. He loved Tess and treated Tess “equally”, which made Tess trust him and fell in love with him. Tess loved Angel deeply, with the result that she acted on impulse. And besides, she was affected deeply by the society and belonged to conservative, so she was thinking about it all the time thatshe was not a virgin girl. So that she didn’t want to marry Angel and refused many times of the offer of marriage by Angel. But she was unable to bear the enticement of emotion and agreed to marry him at last. Because of his “noble virtue”, Tess opened her mind to him and told him all her past story with Alec on their wedding night, thinking that Angel would forgive her as she did for him. From then on a series of graver tragedy took place in her future life.Tess’s tragedy was the tragedy of character. On one side, struggled bravely against her destiny and the conventional morality. She desired for happiness and true love. On the other side, she could not completely get rid of social conventions and moral standards of the day, which made her believe that she had to pay for what she had sinned. In chapter 37of Tess of the D’Urberilles, Hardy described that Angel occasionally walk in his sleep:Angel had instinctively manifested a fondness for her of which his common-sense did not approve, Angel might have a faint recollection of his tender vagary, and was disinclined to allude to it from a conviction that she would take amatory advantage of opportunity it gave her ofappealing to him anew not to go (Thomas Hardy 2004).From this point, I think that Tess was very obstinate. She yielded to the arrangement of the fate .The later was the weak point in her character.Summarize the process of the tragedy.Tess Durbeyfeild’s misfortune started from the sudden death of the only horse. At that time, Tess’s father learned that his family belonged to the ancient and knightly family of the d’Urberilles. Also there had a rich family of Stoke d’Urbervilles. In fact, Alec was the son of a rich merchant who added the name of d’Urberille to his own name, stoke, because it had historical association and the d’Urbervilles were supposed to be extinct. So Tess was sent to visit the claim kin of Alec d’Uberville.At the end of chapter 5, Alec said: “well, I’m damned! What a funny thing! Ha-ha-ha! And what a crumby girl!”(Thomas Hardy2004). From this point, I learned that Alec was a lecher. Of course Tess could not leada very easy life at Alec’s family. Alec was shrewd and crafty wrote a letter by his mother’s tone ask ed Tess to look after a litter fowl-farm, which was her hobby. It just was a trap for Tess. Even though, Tess’s mother knew it just an artful way of getting Tess went to there, but she didn’t know it just Alec’s wish.On the way to Alec’s family, Alec be gan to take liberties with Tess, and kissed her. Tess worked there for four months and was seduced by Alec. Then Tess gave birth a child, but it died very soon.At the dairy farm Tess was liked and well treated, at that time, that was Tess’s happy life i n her experience. At the dairy farm Tess met Angel. At first Tess seemed to regard Angel Clare as an intelligencer rather than as a man. By this way, Tess fell in love with Angel, but she cannot get rid of her sense of guilt. Her love for him acted to blot out the memories of the past, but she was always aware that her forgetfulness was only temporary, that the doubts, fears, and sham were only waiting like wolves just outside the light. Although Tess was in love with Angel by this time, the memory of her night with Alec caused her to refuse Angel again and again. At last she could not bear any more, and agreed to marry him.On the night before the wedding, Tess wrote a letter to Angel for telling everything about herself and Alee, She shipped the letter under his door, but Angel did not discover the letter, because she had put the letter under the carpet. When she realized that Angel had not found the letter. She attempted to tell him about her past. But Angel did not discover the letter,because she had put the letter the carpet. When she realized that Angel had not found the letter. She attempted to tell him about her past. But Angel did not think it was important, thinking that such a pure girl could have no black sins in her history.On their wedding night, Tess made a final decision to tell him all her past, but it was easy, Angel said at first that he wanted to make a confession to her. It was easy for her to forgive him, so she began to tell him all her past. It was difficult for Angel to forgive Tess, he could not accept this fact. Form then on Tess’s tragedy form bad to worse. For several days later, Angel left Tess for Brazil.Angel had left Tess some money and some jewels, but her family went hungry once more, for her father still thought himself too high-born to work for a living. After her father died, her family was expelled from their cottage, and her family’s homelessness made Tess found no was out, Tess had to again go from farm to farm. At that time, Tess’s tragedy reached the climax.While Tess was working in the field, She met Alec again. Alec began to pursue her once more. Frightened, Tess wrote to Angel told him that she loved him and needed him, and begged him to forgive her and to return to her. For long time she did not receive an answer from Angel. In order to support the family, Tess had no other means to choose, only to accept Alec’s “help” for the second time. Angel was late just for a few days, although he should have reunited with Tess a few days earlier. These series of chance happening seems to decide Tess’s tragedy, and each of them put Tess further into the mysterious entrapment until her. Throughout the whole story, Tess was constantly involved in the mysterious fate, which led to the tragedy step by step.ConclusionHardy created Tess as an attractive and warm-hearted pure woman who has the quality of endurance and self-sacrifice. Thus result Tess has become the victim of her family and the society in which she exists. Through the above analysis and the summarizat ion of Tess’s tragedy, it is obvious that the poverty, Alec’s wickedness, Angel’s conventional ideas, Tess’s character as well as Hardy’s fatalism are the direct causes of Tess’s tragedy. But the direct causes are deeply rooted in the cruel social environment: the impoverished peasant, the unjust law and cruel convention. Therefore, we can draw a conclusion that the society is the real and deeply rooted cause of Tess’s tragedy.。

Tess of the

The Reasons of Tess's TragedyThe book "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" was written by Thomas Hardy, which tells a story about a girl, Tess.This is one of Hardy's famous novels, and it stands his determinist pessimism. Yes, Hardy as one of the most important representatives of realism and naturalism writer in the Victorian period, and he is often regarded as a transitional writer. Of course, his pessimism always came from real life of his time.Tess, a unlucky girl who was born in a poor family. Her father was a small peddlar, he was very lazy and vain glory; her mother was a woman who was skin deep and selfish. When she replaced her father to take honey to fair, she made their only horse death. Because of poverty, she left home to make a living, she was a very pure and kind rural girl when she went outside. Even knew she was the offspring of a famous family, she didn't get the vanity and lucky thought to acknowledge rich relative or get marry to a rich man. Unfortunately, she lost her chastity to Alec because of her purity. Even so, she didn't lose her self—respect. On contrary, she became more braver and stalwart and fulled of spirit of revolt. Later, she went to a dairy to work, she met Angel, a very perfect man in her mind, and they felled in love with each. In the night of their new marriage, Tess told herhusband everything of her, but he couldn't forgive her and abandon her. In the last, she used her life to get her true love.In no other time in the novel is the tragedy of Tess more intense than at the moment when she killed Alec. She has been too soft and kind in a world filled with pretense and falseness. She tried to be good but she was cheated and abandoned again and again. When ,but not with men, she revealed the most attractive side in her innocent character.About Tess's tragedy, in my eyes, there are three reasons leaded to Tess's tragedy: they are family reason, social reason and the character of herself.First, the family reason. It is true that her family was poor, but her parents were very selfish. Her father always drunk beer and was a soaker, he was very lazy and did not pay his attention to the family. After he knew his ancestors are noble, he just went to give enormous publicity to others. Her mother was a woman that stupid and ignorant and she was really a vain person. She expected her daughter to married a rich man. When Tess was abandoned by her husband, her parents did not even comfort her at all, they only thought that she made they lost their face, and they complained her why she told the truth to her husband, but did they consider their daughter's feeling, the answer is: no!After Tess left home, they never asked her how about her life is, instead, they only asked money from her.Second, the social reason. When she was seduced by d'Urbervilles, she did not married him, and later, she gave birth to a child. So, according to the social rule, what she did was couldn't accept by people, including her parents. After she felled in love with Angel Clare, she was very pain. And when she told him the truth, he did not forgive her and abandon her, made her into trouble on life, and couldn't give her a hand when she needed him. This almost pushed Tess into destruction. If said that Alec took Tess with pain of the body, then Angel gave her deadly shake of the mental and made her lost hope of live.Last, the character of Tess. Although as a representative of resistance, Tess didn't really get rid of fetters of tradition, She also thought that she was humble. When she knew that Clare loving her, she felt contradictory very at the same time for that she loved him extremely, but she thought she was no match for him. On the other hand, she worshiped Angel too much and obeyed him all time, even when he left her, she did not complain him, and attributed responsibility to herself. In a word, in spite of a educated girl and had her own individual character, she was still a produce of social moral.In the end, I want to say that Tess's rough and rugged life ended with tragedy, and it is not only the fate tragedy, but the tragedy of female. So, for the female, we only to break the bound of tradition moral, and find our position in society and self—worth, we can get our happiness and true love.。

Tess-of-the-D’Urbervilles

• Climax: Tess's new husband discovers her earlier seduction by Alec and decides to leave her, going off to Brazil and not answering her letters, and bringing Tess to despfield
Jude the Obscure
Far From the Madding Crowd
Return of the Native
The Gist of the Novel Setting(time):The 1880s and 1890s
Setting(place):Wessex, the southwest of England
Main Characters
• John D’Urbeyfield • Joan D’Urbeyfield • Tess D’Urbeyfield • Alec Stoke D’Urberville: • Mrs Simon Stoke • Richard Crick • Angle Clare • Jame Clare • ’Liza-Lu
Protagonist:Tess D’Urbeyfield
• Major conflict: Tess is seduced, impregnated, and abandoned by the son of her upper-class patroness, making her unacceptable to her true love Angel later in life.
1.The impoverishment and decay of small farmers 2.Alec and Clare 3.The weakness of her character 4.Some mysterious and incidental factors

A Report of 《Tess of the D'Urbervilles》

A Report of 《Tess of the D'Urbervilles》As is known to all, Tess of the D'Urbervilles is the most famous novel of Thomas Hardy. Focusing on the tragic experience of its heroine Tess, the plot of story begins. Tess comes from a farmer’s family, the Du rbeyfields. She has lived a poor but peaceful life. However, God, “The President of the Immoral” begins to play a cruel joke on this innocent girl. One day her father, John Durbeyfied learns that they are descended from the D’Urbervilles, an ancient family once renowned in England. Tess’s parents are in an ecstasy of delight over the news. Her mother urges Tess to claim kinship with the remaining D’Urbervilles, so that Tess could marry a gentleman. Unwillingly, the girl comes in contact with the Stoke, D’Ur bervilles. There she meets Alec D’Urbervilles, who shows off the estate and always seduces her. Having received a job of tending to chickens, Tess stays in the D’Urbervilles. Her tragic life has just begun. Before long the rich and guileful Alec manages to seduce the girl and make her pregnant. Being humiliated and resolute, Tess returns home. Despite the rumors all around, she gives birth to a child, who is called Sorrow but dies soon because of grave illness. For several weeks, Tess is overwhelmed by grief and sorrow. Nevertheless, without financial support, Tess has to leave home and goes to work as a dairymaid at a distant farm, where she meets Angel Claire. They have met each other before, and Tess has made a favorable impression on Angel. After Angel persistent pursuit of Tess, the two fall in love and become engaged. Then comes the wedding night, too honest to keep any secret, Tess admits about Alec D’Urbervilles and the child. She begs for forgiveness, but Angel leaves her in disgust. Tess again returns home alone, only find that her family remains impoverished and she even has no place to stay. In the meantime, Alec D’Urbervilles, the evil person appears again. He takes advantage of the Durbeyfields’ poverty and continu es to tempt Tess. He promises to support her family, only as a means to make Tess dependent. At the end of hope, the girl jumps into the trap of the shameless man. However, the tragedy has not finished yet. Angel Claire, who is remorseful for his mercilessness, comes back, but to find the cruel reality. And his arrival makes Tess even more desperate. After Angel leaves, she stabs Alec in the heart and kills him. Then she follows Angel and escape with him. They manage to hide for a while in a wood before they come to Stonehenge, where she is arrested. She is hanged later. The turn of events and the moment of catharsis prove that the novel is a classic Aristotelian tragedy。

《荆棘鸟》的写作风格特点---一项基于语料库的研究【开题报告】.doc

毕业论文开题报告英语〈〈荆棘鸟》的写作风格特点---一项基于语料库的研究一、论文选题的背景、意义澳大利亚著名作家考琳•麦考洛的长篇小说《荆棘鸟》自1977年问世以后，不仅走红美国，与《教父》同为美国十大畅销书;而且迅速成为风靡全球的“国际畅销书”，先后改编成电影，拍成电视连续剧，制成盒带，是整个80年代最佳畅销书之一，一直有读者请求为之作续。

时至今日，虽20几年过去，《荆棘鸟》的美丽依然不衰，无论是电视剧还是小说原作，仍打动着亿万读者的心。

《荆棘鸟》的畅销不衰证明了它的确是一部富有魅力的小说。

它讲述的是克里里家族传奇式的家事史。

故事开始于20世纪初叶，结束于半个多世纪以后的60年代末70年代初，从帕蒂•克利里应无儿无女的老姐姐贵妇人玛丽•卡森之召，携妻子菲奥娜和七个子女从新西兰迁居澳大利亚的德罗海达牧羊场，从帕迪唯一幸存的孙辈、才华横溢的演员朱斯婷在遥远德异国他乡确定了自己的人生道路和爱情归宿，整整讲述了克利里家三代人的人生经历和情感历程，其中最主要的是梅吉与拉尔夫神父之间那场刻骨铭心的爱情。

在语言学中，语料库（Corpus）指大量文本的集合，库中的文本（称为语料）通常经过整理，具有既定的格式与标记，特指计算机存储的数字化语料库。

语料库是语料库语言学研究的基础资源，也是经验主义语言研究方法的主要资源。

应用于词典编纂，语言教学，传统语言研究，自然语言处理中基于统计或实例的研究等方面。

语料库有三点特征：1.语料库中存放的是在语言的实际使用中真实出现过的语言材料，因此例句库通常不应算作语料库2.语料库是承载语言知识的基础资源，但并不等于语言知识3.真实语料需要经过加工（分析和处理），才能成为有用的资源。

语料库的发展经历了前期（计算机发明以前），第一代语料库，第二代语料库，直到现在的第三代语料库。

近年来，语料库检索软件被广泛用于文学领域的文本分析。

针对文学文本情节复杂的特点，语料库检索工具可以对其主题、人物、情节发展等进行趋理性地加工、分析和统计，从大量的文字库中提取出骨架，再结合文义，进而从一个全新的角度对文学文本进行研究。