上海市青浦区2018-2019学年高二下学期(二模)第二次学业质量调研测试生物试题 含解析
上海市2019届青浦区高考英语二模试卷及答案
青浦区2018学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷（时间120分钟，满分140分）Q2019.04考生注意：1．本试卷共13页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
2．答题前，考生务必在答题卡（纸）上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3．答案必须全部涂写在答题卡（纸）上。
如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a park. B. In a zoo.C. In a museum.D. In a pet store.2. A. Receptionist and guest. B. Salesperson and customer.C. Doctor and patient.D. Waiter and diner.3. A. 15 dollars. B. 45 dollars. C. 75 dollars. D. 60 dollars.4. A. None of Ben’s classmates wants to study abroad.B. Ben is not interested in the training experience.C. Others cherish Ben for his long term efforts.D. Ben is very eager for the scholarship.5. A. Satisfied. B. Disappointed. C. Interested. D. Frightened.6. A. She is two hours late. B. It is possible to cure toothache.C. She can stand two hours.D. It is too painful to be patient.7. A. By car. B. By bus. C. By subway. D. By plane.8. A. Betty is looking for an Italian dictionary.B. Mr. Green can’t offer help to the woman.C. Italian words are hard to pronounce.D. Jack is not available at this moment.9. A. The woman is always in trouble. B. The man finds fault with others.C. The woman has calmed the horse.D. The man has realized his problem.10. A. He will continue during his vacation. B. Papers pile up while he is on vacation.C. He has no time to go on holiday.D. Papers are too hard to understand.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. His family had money problems. B. His father didn’t like him to be a barber.C. His relatives’ house was spacious.D. His mother wasn’t able to take care of him.12. A. In 1775. B. In 1802. C. In 1796. D. In 1819.13. A. His childhood experience. B. His wide-range travel.C. The Royal Academy School.D. The Napoleonic Wars.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Memory and communication. B. Comprehension and concentration.C. Memory and concentration.D. Comprehension and communication.15. A. 3 hours. B. An hour. C. 20 minutes. D. 50 minutes.16. A. Those who walk along city streets find themselves exhausted easily.B. A walk by a green route helps to improve city image to some extent.C. Taking a route with nature affects one’s performance in a positive way.D. The volunteers’ mental skills remain the same after walking in nature.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The telephone call was not clear. B. The line was always busy.C. The telephone bill was not accurate.D. The service was not satisfactory.18. A. He refuses to check the bill again. B. He is the manager of the company.C. He is expert at counting.D. He is patient and helpful.19. A. Check her eyesight to avoid mistakes again.B. Apply for the International Dial Service.C. Cut down the number of overseas calls.D. Make a request for free phone calls.20. A. Because she shouldn’t have turned to the assistant.B. Because she mixed up the telephone numbers.C. Because she forgot to pay the previous bills.D. Because she made a wrong complaint.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How can my son be a year old already?My son turned one last week. The day marked the end of (21) ______ has been both the longest and shortest year of my life. I haven’t slept for a year and I don’t really know how time works any more. From the instant he was born, it’s felt (22) ______ ______ my son has always been part of this family.How is he one already? First he was born, and was a sleepy ball of flesh then, and now in his place is a little boy who (23) ______ walk and has teeth and knows how to switch off the television atpreci sely the most important moment of anything I ever try to watch. It’s not exactly (24) ______ (extraordinary) development in all of human history — child gradually gets older —but it’s the first time I (25) ______ (see) it close up. It’s honestly quite hard to grasp. Even photos of him (26) ______ (take) last week seem like a different boy. He’s leaving milestone after milestone in his tiny parts of me along with them.He’ll never again be the tiny baby who lay in my arm, (27) ______ (suck) on my little finger in the middle of the night while his mum slept, (28) ______ will he be the baby amazed by the taste of solid food. Soon enough he’ll stop being the baby who rests his head on my shoulder whenever he get s tired, or laughs uncontrollably whenever I say the word ‘teeth’ for reasons, (29) ______ I don’t think I’ll ever work out.But I’ve had a year of this and it’s ok. He’s never going to stop changing, and I don’t want him to. This sadness, this constant sense of loss, of time slipping just (30) ______ your grasp, is an important part of this process. He won’t realise this, of course. He’s got years of unbroken progress ahead of him, where everything will always be new. Years of his life will pass in a mom ent and he won’t be able to understand where they’ve gone.But it’s ok. You can’t freeze time. You just have to make the most of what you have.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Touring CenotesMy parents and I traveled to Mexico to visit my grandparents last summer, and we visited the cenotes (say-NO-tays), the natural swimming holes located on the Y ucatán Peninsula. The term “swimming hole” might make you think that cenotes are just average, but cenotes are truly __31__. I had the most exciting experience of my life exploring these wonders of nature.Thousands of years old, the cenotes formed and created sinkholes underneath. Though the ancient Mayans (玛雅人) used the cenotes as water __32__, people can now swim, dive, take photographs, and admire local trees and __33__ life, all through water as clear as liquid diamond.In Cenote Azul, my parents, my grandparents, and I swam through water that seemed too blue to be real. I __34__ countless younger kids diving into the water from a small cliff, but I dared not to jump at first. I finally worked up the courage, and my __35__ try instantly put all my worries to rest.A few days later, we went to Cenote Ponderosa. We stayed in the sun-covered pond, where we __36__ floated while others did diving and took underwater photographs. Being surrounded by a valleyof trees made everything else in the world seem to disappear.Grutas de Loltún were definitely the most magnificent of all the cenotes, even though there was no swimming involved. Grutas are caves, and the Grutas de Loltún are among the biggest caves on the entire Peninsula. Our guide, Carolina, walked us through several caves, where we saw many drawings thousands of years old on the cave walls! Just one brief look at those drawings made me feel like I had stepped back in time to a(n) __37__ era of history. Our group thought Carolina was joking when she claimed she could make the stalagmites(石笋) sing for us, but when she __38__ them, we heard what sounded like the word s “Lol” and “Tun”—the name of the caves! I cannot imagine that a(n) __39__ played at a concert at Carnegie Hall would have been any better.Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula is filled with beauty, but the cenotes are a one-of-a-kind opportunity to commune with nature in a way that is impossible anywhere else on Earth, and I would not __40__ to do it all again.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Recently, the Victorian Government brought in new rules. Victorian state schools will be banned from using facial recognition technology in classrooms unless they have the __41__ of parents, students and the Department of Education.Students may be justifiably horrified at the thought of being __42__ as they move throughout the school during a day. But a roll marking system could be as simple as looking at a tablet or iPad once a day __43__ being signed off on a paper roll. It simply depends on the implementation. Trials have already begun in independent schools and up to 100 campuses across Australia. According to the developers, the technology promises to save teachers up to 2.5 hours a week by __44__ the need for them to mark the roll at the start of every class. Many students now have smart phones that recognise faces right now. There are also __45__ face recognition apps for Android phones and iPhones. So face recognition is already in our schools.And I argue that, like earlier technologies such as the motor vehicle and mobile phone, a strategy where adoption is managed to create the most good and least harm is appropriate. We shouldn’t simply __46__ it.We are now in a golden age of face recognition. The main reason for rapid adoption is that recognition __47__ has improved significantly in recent years. The simple application of this technology proposed for schools is to collect the student roll call __48__ for classes. This is a compulsory requirement imposed by the education department.However, __49__ is often raised as an objection and this issue can never be dismissed lightly. Objections are mostly based on the collection and distribution of the photos. But every school __50__ photos of their students already and schools have strict control over distribution. Such controls would necessarily be built into any school certified system. The only fundamental __51__ of the process is whether a teacher or a computer recognizes the student.Face recognition technologies will become widely adopted across society over the coming years. Concerns over implementation and privacy may __52__ adoption in some places, but the __53__ will come in and will change business practices right across the world once that happens.In short, this technology has the ability to free up our time and reduce the costs. As with all new technologies, of course, face recognition __54__ reasonable concerns. Constructive policies and dialog are the preferred way forward to gain the __55__ benefit for society at large, and to make sure we do the least harm.41. A. authority B. approval C. familiarity D. understanding42. A. monitored B. controled C. noticed D. managed43. A. regardless of B. less than C. other than D. instead of44. A. ordering B. replacing C. adding D. meeting45. A. feasible B. flexible C. downloadable D. admirable46. A. promote B. ban C. upgrade D. advertise47. A. availability B. difficulty C. accuracy D. rapidness48. A. steadily B. temporarily C. mechanically D. automatically49. A. personality B. freedom C. privacy D. humanity50. A. implements B. collects C. polishes D. ranks51. A. problem B. advantage C. change D. success52. A. slow down B. let down C. take up D. move up53. A. method B. atmosphere C. direction D. tide54. A. raises B. solves C. handles D. dissolves55. A. economic B. maximum C. material D. directSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In university I had a part-time job at a shop that sold doughnuts and coffee. Situated on a block where several buses stopped, it served the people who had a few minutes to wait for their bus.Every afternoon around four o’clock, a group of schoolchildren would burst into the shop, and business would come to a stop. Adults would glance in, see the crowd and pass on. But I didn’t mind if the children waited for their bus inside. Sometimes I would hand out a bus fare when a ticket went missing — always repaid the next day. On snowy days I would give away some doughnuts. I would lock the door at closing time, and we waited in the warm shop until their bus finally arrived.I enjoyed my young friends, but it never occurred to me that I played an important role in their lives — until one afternoon when a man came and asked if I was the girl working on weekdays around fo ur o’clock. He identified himself as the father of two of my favorites.“I want you to know I appreciate what you do for my children. I worry about them taking two buses to get home. It means a lot that they can wait here and you keep an eye on them. When they are with the doughnut lady, I know they are safe.” I told him it wasn’t a big deal, and that I enjoyed the kids.So I was the Doughnut Lady. I not only received a title, but became a landmark.Now I think about all the people who keep an eye on my own children. They become, well, Doughnut Ladies. Like the men at the skating rink (滑冰场) who let my boys ring home; Or the bus driver who drove my daughter to her stop at the end of the route at night but wouldn’t leave until I arrived to pick her up; Or that nice police officer who took pity on my boys walking home in the rain when I was at work — even though the phone rang all the next day with calls from curious neighbors. “Was that a police car I saw at your house last night?”That wasn’t a police car. Tha t was a Doughnut Lady.56. According to the passage, the author sometimes _______.A. called the children’s parents to pick them upB. provided schoolchildren with warm sheltersC. did business with the children’s helpD. sold bus tickets to the children57. By saying “...it wasn’t a big deal,” (in paragraph 4) the author meant that _______.A. she hadn’t found it hard to get along with the childrenB. she hadn’t made a lot of money from the childrenC. she hadn’t spent plenty of time with the childrenD. she hadn’t done anything very significant58. According to the author, those who _______ are Doughnut Ladies.A. are always ready to help othersB. provide free doughnuts for the poorC. work in the doughnut store for a whileD. are curious about the happenings around59. The passage suggests that _______.A. taking responsibility is a virtueB. devotion co-exists with rewardC. running a business requires skillsD. acts of kindness are never too small(B)We offer a full range of services to make your IKEA experience more complete.Old Kitchen Removing ServiceAre you going to buy a brand-new kitchen in IKEA? So how to do with your old kitchen at home? Don’t worry! IKEA is now providing professional dismantling and removing service for old kitchen to you. By this service you can have your new kitchen at home easily. (For service detail and charge please go to the staff of kitchen department.)Transport ServiceNeed a way to get your new home-furnishings home? You can rent a transport or hire us to deliver it for you. Just talk to our Customer Service Department for details.Return PolicyAs long as the items are undamaged, unassembled and unused, you could return them in their original package within 60 days (IKEA FAMIL Y member within 180 days) together with your original receipt.Sorry, we cannot accept exchange or return of food, plants, liquid bathing products, AS-IS products, customized products, kitchen electrical appliance and all products that have already been cut, sewed or painted. “The ex change and return policy above applies only to the products purchased from IKEA stores in mainland China.”IKEA Restaurant/CaféThe restaurant/cafe serves both classic Swedish dishes and local favorites, and is one of the mostpopular areas of the whole IKEA store. Shopping at IKEA is fun and offers great value, but can also be hard work, so stop by and treat yourself to a refreshing drink and a bite to eat.60. Which one of the following items can be returned according to the Return Policy?A. Sausages purchased within a week with the original receipt.B. An electric light as good as new bought in IKEA stores in Taiwan.C. Unpacked bookshelf purchased within 60 days with the original receipt.D. An unusual customized bed in its original package bought a month ago.61. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. One can enjoy delicious food in IKEA.B. Your new kitchen is available in an easy way.C. The furniture can be transported to your house.D. There are several payment modes to choose from.62. Where is the passage probably taken from?A. A travel brochure.B. A food magazine.C. A shopping guide.D. A science journal.(C)What do you remember about your life before you were three? Few people can remember anything that happened to them in their early years. Adults’ memories of the next few years also tend to be unclear. Most people remember only a few events—usually ones that were meaningful and distinctive, such as being hospitalized or the birth of a new baby.How might this inability to recall early experiences be explained? The passage of time does not account for it; adults have excellent recognition of pictures of people who attended high school with them 35 years earlier. Another seemingly reasonable explanation—that infants do not form enduring memories at this point in development—also is incorrect. Children two and a half to three years old remember experiences that occurred in their first year, and eleven month olds remember some events a year later.However, three other explanations seem more promising. One involves physiological changes relevant to memory. Maturation of the frontal lobes (额叶) of the brain continues throughout early childhood, and this part of the brain may be critical for remembering particular episodes in ways thatcan be recalled later. Demonstrations of infants’ and very young children’s long-term memory have involved their repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier, such as reaching in the dark for objects, putting a bottle in a doll’s mouth, or pulling apart two pieces of a toy. The brain’s level of physiological maturation may support these types of memories, but not ones depending on clear verbal descriptions.A second explanation involves the influence of the social world on children’s language use. Hearing and telling stories about events may help children store information in ways that will endure into later childhood and adulthood. Through hearing stories with a clear beginning, middle, and ending children may learn to take out the idea of events in ways that they will be able to describe many years later. Consistent with this view parents and children increasingly engage in discussions of past events when children are about three years old. However, hearing such stories is not sufficient for younger children to form enduring memories. Telling such stories to two year olds does not seem to produce long-lasting verbalizable memories.A third likely explanation for infantile memory loss involves mismatch between the ways in which infants encode information and the ways in which older children and adults recall it. Whether people can remember an event depends critically on the fit between the way in which they earlier encoded the information and the way in which they later attempt to recall it. The better the person is able to reconstruct the perspective from which the material was encoded, the more likely that recall will be successful.63. In the discussion of children’s inability to recall early experiences, paragraph 2 serves to _______.A. argue that the assumptions in this part have been more thoroughly researched than the theoriespresented later in the passageB. explain why some theories about infantile memory loss are wrong before presenting ones morelikely to be trueC. explain why infantile memory loss is well worth the efforts of researchers both now and thenD. argue that events that are not proved by evidence should generally be considered unreliable64. What does paragraph 3 suggest about long-term memory in children?A. Young children have better long-term recall of short verbal exchanges than of long ones.B. Young children may form long-term memories of actions they see earlier than of things they hearor are told.C. Children’s long-term recall of motor activities increases when such activities are accompanied byprecise verbal descriptions.D. Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain is important for the long-term memory of motoractivities but not verbal descriptions.65. According to paragraph 4, what role may telling stories to children play in forming their childhoodmemories?A. It may speed up the physiological maturing of the brain.B. It may help preschool children to recall the past quickly.C. It may bring about their memory recovery later.D. It may strengthen children’s verbal capacities.66. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. It shows how physical maturation affects the memory.A problem shared can be a problem doubledPeople discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they’ll gain some idea on how to solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health. __67__ The term psychologist’s use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems too much, repeatedly going over the same problems,expecting future problems and focusing on negative feelings. It is more about keeping talking about problems than solving them. __68__ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with “high-quality” and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys).If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate. __69__ So if two people believe rumination is beneficial, then working together to co-ruminate to find answers may seem like a useful thing to do, as two heads may appear better than one. But focusing on problems and negative emotion together can increase negative beliefs and moods — and result in a greater need to co-ruminate.Traditionally, therapy has not prioritised handling rumination or co-rumination directly as maintaining factors in psychological problems. Instead, approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have aimed to challenge only the content of rumination. Humanistic approaches such as counselling have provided conditions to potentially ruminate on the content of problems. And psychodynamic (心理动力的) approaches such as psychoanalysis have aimed to analyze the content of rumination.__70__ But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination —regardless of whether the client’s symptoms improve or not.And, on the social side, discussing problems with friends doesn’t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties, and a problem shared can really be a problem halved.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Could you be flexitarian?What kind of food do you eat? Are you conscious of the types of food you consume? Although there is research on the right diet to follow to help us maintain a healthy lifestyle —but it’s hard to know which one to pick and, once chosen, it’s harder still to stick to it. And now there’s another choice for you.A flexitarian diet involves eating plant-based foods and only occasionally eating meat and fish. This is a lovely alternative to being a vegetarian by not completely resisting meat.This eating style allows you to supplement some ingredients that you wouldn’t get in a strictervegan (纯素) diet. And like veganism, flexitarianism isn’t about eating carefully to help you lose a few pounds —it’s something people choose for ethical reasons, to help the planet. And a study into the global food system and how it affects the climate, has found that eating mainly plant-based foods is one of three key steps towards a sustainable future for all.This research found that food waste will need to be halved and farming practices will also have to improve to achieve this. But without a single solution, a combined approach is needed. Dr. Marco Springmann, one of the lead authors of the report argued “We really found that a combination of measures would be needed to stay within environmental limits and those include changes towards healthier more plant-base d diets.”While vegans think it’s wrong for animals to be killed for food, flexitarians believe eating meat once in a while is acceptable. And Dr. Springmann agrees —as long as we “treat it as a luxury, it’s probably acceptable but you shouldn’t have more than one serving of red meat, which includes beef and pork, per week.” And here’s another fact to digest: If we moved to this type of diet, the study found that greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture would be cut by more than half.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72．正是她那种急于求成的心态让她无缘决赛。
上海市青浦区2019年高三高考二模化学试题及答案(word版)
青浦区2018~2019年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试化学试卷201904相对原子质量：H-1 O-16 N-14 Fe-56一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，每题只有一个正确选项）。
1．12C与13C互为A．同系物B．同位素C．同素异形体D．同分异构体2．下列石油馏产品中，沸点最低的是A．汽油B．煤油C．柴油D．石油气3．化学与生活密切相关，下列应用没有涉及氧化还原反应的是A．过氧化钠用作缺氧场所的供氧剂B．铝热反应用于焊接铁轨C．氯化铁用于净水D．铝罐车用作运输浓硫酸4．下列变化中只存在放热过程的是A．氯化钠晶体熔化B．氢氧化钠晶体溶于水C．液氮的气化D．水蒸气的液化5．下列关于氨气的说法正确的是A．氨分子的空间构型为三角形B．氨分子常温下能被氧化成一氧化氮C．氨分子是含极性键的极性分子D．氨水呈碱性，所以氨气是电解质6．下列变化过程中克服共价键的是A．二氧化硅熔化B．冰融化C．氯化钾熔化D．碘升华7．关于氮肥的说法正确的是A ．尿素属于铵态氮肥B ．使用碳铵应深施盖土C ．植物吸收氮肥属于氮的固定D ．硫铵与石灰混用肥效增强 8．关于实验室制备乙烯的实验，下列说法正确的是A ．反应物是乙醇和过量的3 mol·L －1H 2SO 4溶液 B ．控制反应液温度在140°C C ．反应容器中应加入少许碎瓷片D ．反应完毕后应先移去酒精灯，再从水中取出导管9．要证明某溶液中不含Fe 3+而含有Fe 2+，以下操作选择及排序正确的是 ①加入少量氯水 ②加入少量KI 溶液 ③加入少量KSCN 溶液A ．③①B ．①③C ．②③D ．③② 10．实验室分离苯和水，可选用下列11. 将氯气持续通入紫色石蕊试液中，溶液颜色呈如下变化：关于溶液中导致变色的微粒I 、II 、III 的判断正确的是A ．H +、HClO 、Cl 2B ．H +、ClO -、Cl -C ．HCl 、ClO -、Cl -D ．HCl 、HClO 、Cl 212．下列实验操作正确的是A ．利用装置甲收集SO 2气体B ．利用装置乙获得AlCl 3晶体C ．中和滴定时，锥形瓶要用待测液润洗D ．使用容量瓶和滴定管时，先要检查是否漏液13．a 、b 、c 、d 为原子序数依次增大的短周期主族元素，a 原子核外电子总数与b 原子次外展开剂样点层电子数相同，c所在周期数与族序数相同；d与a同族，下列叙述正确的是A．四种元素中b的金属性最强B．原子半径：d>c>b>aC．d的单质氧化性比a的单质氧化性强D．c的最高价氧化物对应水化物是一种强碱14．对于工业合成氨反应N2+3H22NH3+Q(Q>0),下列判断正确的是A．3体积H2和足量N2反应，必定生成2体积NH3B．使用合适的催化剂，可以提高提高原料的利用率C．500℃左右比室温更有利于向合成氨的方向进行D．及时使氨液化、分离的主要目的是提高N2和H2的利用率15．为了除去括号中的杂质，不合理的是选项物质（杂质）加入试剂方法A 氯化铵溶液(FeCl3) 氢氧化钠溶液过滤B KNO3(s)(少量NaCl) 水结晶C 乙酸乙酯(乙酸) 饱和碳酸钠溶液分液D 乙醇(水) 新制生石灰蒸馏16．探究氢氧化铝的两性，最适宜的试剂是A．AlCl3、氨水、稀盐酸B．Al2O3、氨水、稀盐酸C．Al、NaOH溶液、稀盐酸D．Al2(SO4)3溶液、NaOH溶液、稀盐酸17．下列说法正确的是A．可通过加成反应实现的转化B．丙基有2种同分异构体C．乙炔和1，3—丁二烯互为同系物D．烯烃只能发生加成反应，不能发生取代反应18．右图为某有机物的结构，下列说法错误的是A．该物质的名称为2-甲基丙烷B．该模型为球棍模型C．该分子中所有碳原子均共面D．一定条件下，可与氯气发生取代反应19．举世闻名的侯氏制碱法的工艺流程如下图所示，下列说法正确的是A．往母液中加入食盐的目的是使NaHCO3更多的析出。
精品解析：【区级联考】上海市青浦区2018-2019学年高二(二模)第二次学业质量调研测试生物试题(解析版)
青浦区 2018学年高二年级第二次学业质量调研测试生命科学试卷一、选择题1.下列为烟草花叶病毒具有的物质或结构是（）A. 细胞质B. 核糖核酸C. 磷脂D. 核糖体【答案】B【解析】【分析】病毒无细胞结构，由蛋白质和一种核酸组成。
【详解】烟草花叶病毒由蛋白质和RNA即核糖核酸构成，所以B正确，A、C、D错误。
2.检查某奶粉是否属合格的脱脂无糖（还原糖）奶粉，无需．．选取的试剂是A. 苏丹Ⅲ染液B. 龙胆紫溶液C. 双缩脲试剂D. 班氏试剂【答案】B【解析】苏丹Ⅲ染液用于鉴定脂肪，可以鉴定该奶粉是否脱脂，A错误；观察植物细胞的有丝分裂实验中，龙胆紫溶液可以将细胞核中的染色体染成紫色，该实验中无需使用，B正确；双缩脲试剂可以用于鉴定脱脂奶粉中的蛋白质含量是否合格，C错误；班氏试剂可以用于鉴定该奶粉中是否含有还原糖，D错误。
3.在紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞的失水和吸水实验中，显微镜下可依次观察到如图所示甲、乙、丙三种细胞状态。
下列叙述正确的是A. 由甲到乙需将低倍镜转换到高倍镜B. 甲、乙、丙不能在同一个细胞内依次发生C. 与甲相比，乙液泡内溶液浓度较低D. 由乙到丙的过程中需滴加清水引流【答案】D【解析】由甲到乙，由于细胞失水导致原生质层收缩，不需要将低倍镜转换到高倍镜，A项正确；由乙到丙发生了质壁分离复原，甲、乙、丙可以在同一个细胞内依次发生，B项错误；与甲相比，乙液泡内溶液浓度较高，C 项错误；由乙到丙的过程中需滴加清水引流，D项正确。
4.图是某种物质通过细胞膜的示意图，从图中能得出（）A. 图中S代表载体，C代表离子B. 该物质跨膜方式是协助运输C. 该物质跨膜方式是主动转运D. 图中C是固定不变的【答案】C【解析】【分析】据图分析，S表示某种物质，C表示载体蛋白，S的跨膜运输需要能量和载体，属于主动运输。
主动运输可以将物质从低浓度一侧运向高浓度一侧，但不等于膜外一定是低浓度，膜内一定是高浓度。
2018届青浦区高考英语二模试卷和参考答案及听力原文.doc
青浦区2017学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷2018.04（时间120分钟，满分140分）考生注意：1．本试卷共13页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
2．答题前，考生务必在答题卡（纸）上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3．答案必须全部涂写在答题卡（纸）上。
如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. To the bank. B. To the museum. C. To the clinic. D. To the restaurant.2. A. 10:07. B. 10:30. C. 11:00. D. 11:07.3. A. U se the woman’s phone. B. Pay for the phone call.C. Get some change from Jane.D. Go and look for a pay phone.4. A. He likes to wear clean clothes.B. He changes his job frequently.C. He is careless about his appearance.D. He is ashamed of his present condition.5. A. Whether he has time on Saturday.B. Whether he can get access to the concert.C. Whether the tickets will be too expensive.D. Whether the woman is available on Saturday.6. A. They are complaining. B. They are bargaining.C. They are negotiating.D. They are arguing.7. A. The window smells of fresh paint. B. The man will clean the air-conditioner.C. She’d like to have the window open.D. She prefers keeping the air-conditioner on.8. A. They are entertaining. B. They are time-consuming.C. They are boring.D. They are rewarding.9. A. She is fully engaged. B. She doesn’t like get-together.C. She has some paper to bury.D. She questions the man’s purpose.10. A. His notebook is missing.B. His handwriting is difficult to read.C. He wasn’t in class this morning either.D. He’s already lent his notes to someone else.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Photos of polar bears.B. Photos heavily edited.C. Photos of fine quality to appear in print.D. Photos reflecting sc ientists’ working life.12. A. A year’s personal subscription to Nature is another award to winners.B. Photos can be uploaded to Twitter with the tag ScientistAtWork.C. Five winning photos will be published in one issue of Nature.D. All entries have to be sent to photocompetition@.13. A. To encourage people to work with scientists.B. To attract people to participate in a contest.C. To increase the sales of the magazine.D. To teach people how to take pictures.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Because no team invited him to play. B. Because he stopped training for a while.C. Because he appeared to be too tired.D. Because he suffered from a disease.15. A. 8.5. B. 19.2. C. 44. D. 53.16. A. Bosh’s great basketball career in NBA.B. The regular training Bosh took in NBA.C. Bosh’s repeated desire to return to NBA.D. The reason why Bosh couldn’t play at NBA.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He is training to fly a single engine plane. B. He hopes to be an international pilot.C. He is not sure about his future plan.D. He works for Air Canada.18. A. From his friends. B. From his father.C. From his training.D. From his university.19. A. By attending special schools.B. By getting a private license first.C. By getting into an airline company first.D. By passing a test for commercial license.20. A. His flying hours in total. B. His interview performance.C. His university degrees.D. His private pilot license.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The kindness of Kiwi Lotto (乐透彩票) winnersWe’ve all dreamed of winning the Lotto but what actually happens when our numbers come up? The answer is rather heart-warming. New research out today from Lotto New Zealand reveals three-quarters of Powerball winners think of sharing (21) ______ spending.One lucky Powerball winner from Tauranga was even thinking of others before his numbers came up. “A week before I won Lotto, I saw an ambulance (22) ______ side bore the name of the donor, and I thought, ‘if I ever win Lotto, that’s what I will do’ and then 10 days’ later I won,” he said. Having won $5.5 mill ion dollars, he’s now spending a part of the money on two ambulances for his local hospital. “They’re going to say ‘(23) ______ (donate) by a Lotto winner’ on the side.I hope that it will inspire others to pay it forward if they ever find (24) ______ in a fortunate position like I have.”“My life (25) ______ (save) many years ago by a St John ambulance and it’s a marvellous feeling repaying back that kindness.” It was this kind of behaviour (26) ______ led to Lotto NZ’s inspiring true story of a Kiwi man who won $15 million and, honouring a promise made long ago, went halves with his mate.2017 was the (27) ______ (lucky) year on record for Powerball winners. “Last year, there were 19 different Powerball winners — (28) ______ most of them had in common was the desire to share their good fortune.” said Emilia Mazur, General Manager Corporate Communications.“Another Tauranga man won $10 million with Powerball in July and once he got over theshock of winning, his first thought was his community and he has since shared some of his winnings to upgrade its facilities.”Group players are natural sharers —not only (29) ______ they share the winnings among themselves but they also then want to help out others.“Everyone is just so happy, it’s created an amazing sense of freedom.” said one of the group leaders Tina. “For me personally, (30) ______ (know) how much of a significant difference you have made to your family and your circle of friends, I have a feeling that I have never experienced. It’s an unquantifiable feeling —it’s magic.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Swiss village bans tourists from taking photos because it’s too beautifulLocated in the Swiss Alps, near the famous resort of St. Moritz, the commune of Bergün is one of the most beautiful mountain villages in Europe. So beautiful, in fact, that photos of it shared on social media may make people feel depressed that they can’t visit, so local authorities banned tourists from taking photos.It may sound like a joke, but it’s actually a new law adopted by the Bergün village council and __31__ by its mayor. To discourage visitors from taking photos in Bergün, they plan to __32__ a symbolic €5 fine for those caught breaking the new rules.According to a statement by the Bergün tourism authority, “It is scientifically proven that beautiful holiday photos on social media make the viewers unhappy because they cannot be there themselves.”However, it seems unlikely that Bergün’s new law was really thought of as a way to __33__ Facebook or Instagram users of the depressing experience of seeing the beauty of the village. As the news went __34__ online, many assumed that it was actually a clever marketing __35__, a theory that was at least partially confirmed by the village’s director of tourism, Marc-Andrea Barandun.“In the background of course the idea is that everyone is talking about Bergün,” he told The Local. “So it’s a combination of both —we made the law and also there’s some marketing aim behind it.”To show that they were serious about the law, Bergün authorities __36__ photos of the village from its Facebook and Twitter accounts, and declared their intention to delete them from the Bergün website too.If the new law was just a __37__ strategy, it actually worked wonders, as people started __38__ more photos of the beautiful mountain village soon after news of the photo ban started making news headlines.A few days ago, Mayor Nicolay __39__ the debatable photo ban in a video, where he offeredpeople visiting Bergün a special __40__ to take photos. He reminded them to think twice before sharing the pictures online, though, as they could be making their friends depressed.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A cliché is a phrase that has been used so many times that it comes out of the mouth or the computer without stirring up a wave in the mind of the speaker, the typist, the listener or the reader. The word was part of the technical term of the French printing trade in the 19th century, the name for a plate used in the printing process, and it is still used with that meaning in English and other languages. By the middle of the same century, the word was being used in French, shortly followed by English, as a simile (比喻) for __41__ used expressions.Clichés can be __42__ according to whether they were originally idioms, similes and proverbs, expressions from trades or __43__ phrases.Many idioms have been so universally overused that they have been __44__ — phrases like far and wide, by leaps and bounds or safe and sound. Our second category could be similes and proverbs that now fall off the __45__ with little meaning, similes like as cool as a cucumber, which __46__ around 400 years.A large category is __47__ from the terms of trades and professions, sports and games, and other national concerns. Many are __48__ clichés, as is fitting for the British, as an island nation, with examples like to leave a sinking ship, to know the ropes, to stick to one’s g uns.Our last broad category of cliché might be phrases which were __49__ when they were first coined, but have become ineffective through constant use. When a football manager, asked how he felt about the __50__ of his team, said that he was as sick as a parrot. Since then, it has been so overused that it has lost its __51__. To explore every avenue and to leave no stone unturned are two political clichés of this class. No politician with any sensitivity for language could use either of those phrases __52__, yet you hear them still, all the time.No doubt we could specify the classes of clichés into further subdivisions until the cows come home. But there is no need to. We all agree that clichés are to be __53__ by careful writers and speakers at all times, don’t we? Well, actually, no, not I. Life, and language, are so full of clichés that silence will hold the position if you __54__ us the use of cliché. So many millions of people have spoken and written clichés so __55__ that it is almost impossible to find ideas and phrases that have not been used many times before.41. A. occasionally B. frequently C. technically D. grammatically42. A. confirmed B. quoted C. inferred D. classified43. A. invented B. customized C. recognized D. underlined44. A. highlighted B. tailored C. weakened D. enriched45. A. nose B. eyes C. lips D. forehead46. A. dates back B. catches on C. takes shape D. gives out47. A. detected B. drawn C. excluded D. initiated48. A. remote B. temperate C. urban D. oceanic49. A. boring B. striking C. entertaining D. annoying50. A. expense B. punishment C. defeat D. age51. A. origin B. shine C. statue D. humour52. A. seriously B. fluently C. flexibly D. properly53. A. adjusted B. adapted C. adopted D. avoided54. A. deny B. allow C. forbid D. promise55. A. casually B. decently C. reluctantly D. ceaselesslySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Free to SoarOne windy spring day, I observed young people having fun using the wind to fly their kites. Multicolored creations of varying shapes and sizes filled the skies like beautiful birds racing and dancing. As the strong winds blew against the kites, a string kept them in check.Instead of blowing away with the wind, they arose against it to achieve great heights. They shook and pulled, but the string and the tail kept them attached, facing upward and against the wind. The kites struggled and kept being dragged behind, facing upward and against the wind. As the kites struggled and trembled against the string, they seemed to say, “Let me go! Let me go! I want to be free!” They soared beautifully even as they fought the restriction of the string. Finally, one of the kites succeeded in breaking loose. “Free at last,” it seemed to say. “Free to fly with the wind.”Yet freedom from restriction simply put it at the mercy of a cruel breeze. It flew ungracefully to the ground and landed in a messed mass of weeds and string against a dead bush. “Free at last”, free to lie powerless in the dirt, to be blown helplessly along the ground, and to stop lifeless against the first obstruction.How much like kites we sometimes are. The heaven gives us misfortune and limitations, rules to follow from which we can grow and gain strength. Restriction is a necessary companion to the winds of opposition. Some of us resist the rules so hard that we never soar to reach the heights we might have obtained. We keep part of the order and never rise high enough to get our tails off the ground.Let us each rise to the great heights, recognizing that some of the restrictions that we may be annoyed at are actually the steadying force that helps us improve and achieve.56. According to paragraph 2, “Let me go!” is said by _______.A. the kiteB. the windC. the birdD. the flyer57. Which of the following words has the meaning closest to the underlined word “obstruction” in paragraph 3?A. destructionB. miracleC. observationD. obstacle58. According to the writer, in what way is man similar to kites?A. Man will never reach the desirable height unless he breaks some rules.B. Man can be empowered by difficulties to go further and higher.C. Man desires freedom but only a few will succeed.D. Man is limited by his surroundings.59. By telling the story of kite flying, the writer wants to share the lesson that _______.A. rules are made to be brokenB. flying a kite involves skills and patienceC. sometimes difficulties can be potential blessingsD. it’s no use complaining about the difficulties we encounter(B)Products▼Tel:(855)776-7763 Get a Demo Login Sign Up Free ProProfsKnowledgebase Tour Pricing Solutions Integrations Blog Clients Examples Help Knowledge Base Software That Answers Questions Instantly Create help sites, knowledge bases, user guides, manuals, wikis & moreGet, share & apply knowledgeOffer awesome support 24/7With a self-service online knowledge base, customers can find instant answers to their questions. This means fewer support tickets and less workload for your agents. Likewise, support agents and employees can also find instant answers by searching the internal knowledge base for any questions about company best practices, policies and more.Access anytime, anywhereProProfs ensures your documentation fits all screen sizes and is accessible on multiples devices including iPhone, iPad, Android, iOs etc. There’s also no extra effort or coding at your end. All your documentation including tables, fonts (字体) sizes, large images and screenshots are automatically resized to fit smaller screens.Collaborate to create & share knowledgeBring different teams together to create and share knowledge on a central platform. Define roles and permissions for your team members to control who can access what in your knowledge base. Build private knowledge bases, accessible only to authorized users, with advanced authoring60. By searching the internal knowledge base, you can _______.A. access the Help CenterB. enjoy user-friendly manualsC. create a secure resource centerD. learn the company’s practices and policies61. The Knowledge Base Software can offer the following functions EXCEPT that _______.A. users of ProProfs can read the manuals on their mobile phonesB. the service that ProProfs offers to its users is accessible around the clockC. with ProProfs, users can readjust the size of their documentation to their screensD. different users can be grouped together on a central platform to share knowledge62. How does the software ProProfs tighten its security?A. By authorizing different users.B. By creating a central platform.C. By offering single sign-on settings.D. By building private knowledge bases.(C)The largest-ever study of the link between city walkability and high blood pressure has been held up as evidence of the “invisible value of urban design” in improving long-term health outcomes, say researchers.The study of around 430,000 people aged between 38 and 73 and living in 22 UK cities found significant associations between the increased walkability of a neighborhood, lower blood pressure and reduced risk of high blood pressure among its residents.The outcomes remained consistent even after adjustments for socio-demographic (社会人口统计学), lifestyle and changing physical environment factors, though the protective effects were particularly pronounced among participants aged between 50 and 60, women, and those residing in higher density and poor neighborhoods.The paper was published in the International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health this week. With high blood pressure a major risk factor for chronic (慢性的) and particularly heart diseases, researchers at the University of Hong Kong and Oxford University said the findings demonstrated the need to take notice of the health-influencing factor in urban design.“With the increasing pace of urbanization an d demographic shifts towards an ageing population, we become more likely to suffer from chronic diseases,” said Dr. Chinmoy Sarkar, an assistant professor at the Healthy High Density Cities Lab of the University of Hong Kong and lead author of the study. “The action taken to improve public health must consider the invisible value of urban planning and design.“We are spending billions of pounds in preventing and curing heart diseases — if we are ableto invest in creating healthy cities through small changes in the design of our neighborhoods to make them more activity-friendly and walkable, then probably, we will have significant savings in future healthcare expenses.”To measure a neighborhood’s activity-promoting potential, researchers developed a set of index of walkability containing relevant urban elements, including residential and retail (零售) density, public transport, street-level movement, and distance to attractive destinations.Poorly designed spaces generally reduced walking and physical activity, promoting the lifestyles of long time sitting down and not moving; and were harmful to social interactions, and as such associated with poorer mental and physical health.Because walkability was “based on the underlying design of the city”, said Sarkar, cities could be modified or designed to encourage it. “Such investments in healthy d esign are likely to bring in long-term gains as they are enduring and common.”63. By considering “invisible value of urban design”, people can _______.A. reduce the ageing populationB. slow down the pace of urbanizationC. promote activity-friendly and walkable citiesD. invest in preventing and curing heart diseases64. What can be inferred from the passage?A. A set of index is essential to ensure that urban design promotes walkability.B. Walkable cities can lower blood pressure and the risk of high blood pressure.C. Chronic diseases are becoming common due to people’s neglect of their health.D. Middle-aged women living in poor areas are less likely to benefit from increased walkability.65. All of the following are the undesirable consequences of poorly-designed neighborhoods EXCEPT _______.A. failing healthB. unhealthy lifestyleC. fewer social interactionsD. fewer neighborhoods66. According to Dr. Chinmoy Sarkar, _______.A. cities should encourage the residents to engage in social interactionsB. the design of our neighborhoods should meet people’s needs for retail densityC. money invested in creating healthy cities is money saved in future healthcare expensesD. chronic diseases will be common because of our lifestyle and the physical environmentSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Make traditional treasures come aliveThe Palace Museum Director Shan Jixiang delivered a cultural heritage speech on Feb 27 in Beijing, which was co-organized by the Beijing Diplomatic Service Bureau and Beijing Housing Service Corporation for Diplomatic Missions. 67On the theme The World of the Palace Museum and the Palace Museum of the World, the 64-year-old director shared his ideas about how to make traditional treasures come alive again. During the speech, which lasted two and a half hours, Shan touched on topics including upgrading museum infrastructure（基础设施）, restoring cultural sites, digitalizing online museums, setting up restoration hospitals, providing better visitor experiences and promoting the Palace Museum’s cultural items.“The abundant collection of cultural objects at the Palace Museum is the inspiration for the creative souvenirs and cultural items available,” Shan said. “68 ” Throughout 2017, the total sales of Palace Museum’s cultural items have been more than 1 billion yuan ($158million). Explaining the huge success of Palace Museum’s cultural souvenirs, Shan said: “The museum opened a shop on the e-commerce website Taobao in 2008, but sales remained neither high nor low for years, as more than 80 percent of the souvenirs sold in stores in the past were not related to our museum.” “T herefore, I wanted to change the situation. Now, souvenirs from the Palace Museum cover almost every aspect of life. After all, what matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are to people’s daily lives.”69 Around 200 “doctors” are employed to analyze, examine, detect flaws or damage in ancient objects and restore them using more than 100 pieces of specialized equipment, including 3-D printers and scanners. The restoration hospital covers 13,000 square meters and boasts the nation’s most advanced restoration workshops.John Aquilina, Malta’s ambassador to China said that Shan’s speech showed a totally different Palace Museum to foreign people. “China enjoys a lon g and profound culture and many of the national treasures have been preserved at the Palace Museum. It is no easy task to preserve them well. 70 ”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Ban the Bag!Standing in line at the grocery store last week, I watched the woman in front of me buy a tube of toothpaste. As the clerk placed her purchase in a plastic bag, I couldn’t help wondering howlong it would take for that bag to end up in the trash. Then I noticed the big purse the woman was carrying and wondered why she had needed a plastic bag at all.People have come to rely on plastic bags as everything from shopping bags for groceries to trash-can bags. Although plastic bags can be recycled, only about one percent of those used in the United States are. Instead, after helping people transport items from one place to another, most are thrown away. They end up in landfills, where it can take a plastic bag up to a thousand years to decay. Some bags end up elsewhere in the environment, sticking to trees and fences, blocking rivers and oceans, or floating along city sidewalks.Plastic bags harm the environment in several ways. First, they break down into particles that pollute our soil and water. Because most plastic bags are made of polyethylene, a product derived from crude oil (原油) or natural gas, they waste nonrenewable resources. Plastic bags can also harm animals. Scientists estimate that more than one million sea animals, including whales, seabirds, and turtles, die each year from intaking or becoming stranded in plastic.People all over the world are starting to recognize the problems associated with plastic bags. Countries such as China, South Africa, Switzerland, and Uganda are taking action and banning the bags. Other nations, including Italy and Ireland, have been trying to restrict the use of plastic bags by taxing them. In the United States more and more communities are ridding themselves of plastic bags. Now more and more people are also purchasing inexpensive, reusable bags and using them when they shop. If we all take this simple step, we can be a part of a “green” revolution.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72．全世界掀起了一股学中文的潮流。
化学-上海市青浦区2018届高三第二次学业质量调研测试
上海市青浦区2018届高三第二次学业质量调研测试考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须涂或写在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号。
3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，每题只有一个正确选项）。
1.下列物质属于混合物的是A. 冰醋酸B. 石油裂解气C. 硫磺D.酒精2.干冰气化时，发生变化的是A. 分子间作用力B. 分子内共价键C. 分子的大小D. 分子的化学性质3.为了防止贮存液氯的钢筒被腐蚀，钢筒在装氯之前必须A.除去铁锈B. 用盐酸清洗C. 彻底干燥D. 加点铁粉4.下列烷烃命名错误的是A．2─甲基戊烷B．3─乙基戊烷C．3,4─二甲基戊烷D．3─甲基己烷5.下列物质溶于水时会破坏水的电离平衡，且属于电解质的是A．氯气B．二氧化碳C．氯化钾D．醋酸钠6.下列变化过程中Q＞0的是A.CH3COOH CH3COO－+ H+ + QB. CaCO3（s）→ CaO（s）+ CO2（g）+ QC.S2- + H2O HS- + OH- + QD.S（g）→S（l）+ Q7.下列有关有机物结构、性质的分析正确的是A．苯可以在空气中燃烧，但不能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色B．乙烯和苯都能与H 2 发生加成反应，说明二者均含有碳碳双键C．乙醇、乙酸均能与Na 反应放出H 2 ，二者分子中官能团相同D．乙醇在铜催化作用下，能发生还原反应生成乙醛8.铁棒与石墨用导线连接后，浸入0.01mol·L-1的食盐溶液中（如图所示），下列说法正确的是A.铁棒是阴极B. 石墨附近产生OH-C.石墨上有Cl2 放出D.铁棒上有H2放出9.下列试剂或方法肯定不能鉴别氯化钠和氯化铵固体的是A．观察颜色B．加热C．加水D．加紫色石蕊试液10.标准状况下的1mol N2和1mol13C2H2，下列叙述错误的是A. 质量相等B. 体积相等C. 质子数相等D.共用电子对数目相等11.下列变化不能通过一步反应直接完成的是A.Na→Na2O2B.C→CO2C.S→SO3D．Fe→Fe3O412.测定硫酸铜晶体中结晶水含量的实验中，下列哪个仪器是不需要的A. 蒸发皿B.研钵C. 干燥器D.坩埚13.与实际化工生产功能相符合的化学方程式是A. 工业制取乙烯：C2H5OH CH2＝CH2↑＋H2OB. 工业合成盐酸：H2 + Cl 22HClC. 工业获取氯化钠：2Na + Cl22NaClD. 工业制漂粉精：2Ca(OH)2＋2Cl2 → Ca(ClO)2＋CaCl2＋2H2O14.如图是可逆反应A+2B 2C+3D的化学反应速率与化学平衡随外界条件改变（先降温后加压）而变化的情况，由此推断错误的是A．正反应是放热反应B．A、B一定都是气体C．D一定不是气体D．C可能是气体15.下列物质之间进行反应时，可用离子方程式2H+ + CO3- → H2O+CO2 ↑表示的是A. 碳酸钠溶液中加入足量醋酸溶液B.碳酸钡和稀硝酸反应C. 碳酸氢钠溶液中加入少量稀硫酸D.在盐酸溶液中滴入少量碳酸钾溶液16.将二氧化硫气体通入KIO3淀粉溶液，溶液先变蓝后褪色。
上海市青浦区2019届高三高三第二次学业质量调研(二模)数学试题(含解析)
2019年上海市青浦区高考数学二模试卷一.填空题（本大题共12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分，共54分）1．（4分）不等式的解集是．2．（4分）已知复数z满足z（1+i）＝2+4i（其中i为虚数单位），则|z|＝．3．（4分）在平面直角坐标系xOy中，在x轴、y轴正方向上的投影分别是﹣3、4，则的单位向量是．4．（4分）在（1﹣x）6的二项展开式中，含有x3项的系数为（结果用数值表示）．5．（4分）在平面直角坐标系xOy中，若双曲线﹣y2＝1经过抛物线y2＝2px（p＞0）的焦点，则p＝．6．（4分）已知E、F是互斥事件，P（E）＝0.2，P（E∪F）＝0.8，则P（F）＝．7．（5分）函数y＝|sin x+arcsin x|的最大值为．8．（5分）若实数x、y满足条件，则x2+y2的最小值为．9．（5分）已知a、b、c都是实数，若函数的反函数的定义域是（﹣∞，+∞），则c的所有取值构成的集合是．10．（5分）已知某四棱锥的三视图如图所示，则该四棱锥的最长棱的长度为．11．（5分）已知函数f（x）＝x2+ax+b（a，b∈R），在区间（﹣1，1）内有两个零点，则a2﹣2b的取值范围是．12．（5分）已知O为△ABC的外心，，，则λ+μ的最大值为．二.选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分）13．（5分）已知，B＝{y|y＝log2x}，则A∩B＝（）A．（0，+∞）B．[0，+∞）C．{2}D．{（4，2）} 14．（5分）已知△ABC是斜三角形，则“A＞B”是“|tan A|＞|tan B|”的（）A．充分不必要条件B．必要不充分条件C．充要条件D．既不充分又不必要条件15．（5分）已知曲线（θ是参数），过点P（6，2）作直线l与曲线Γ有且仅有一个公共点，则这样的直线l有（）A．1条B．2条C．3条D．4条16．（5分）等差数列a1，a2，…，a n（n≥3，n∈N*）满足|a1|+|a2|+…+|a n|＝|a1+1|+|a2+1|+…+|a n+1|＝|a1﹣2|+|a2﹣2|+…+|a n﹣2|＝2019，则（）A．n的最大值为50B．n的最小值为50C．n的最大值为51D．n的最小值为51三.解答题（本大题共5题，共14+14+14+16+18＝76分）17．（14分）如图，圆柱是矩形O1OAA1绕其边O1O所在直线旋转一周所得，AB是底面圆的直径，点C是弧AB的中点．（1）求三棱锥A1﹣ABC体积与圆柱体积的比值；（2）若圆柱的母线长度与底面半径相等，点M是线段AO1的中点，求异面直线CM与BO1所成角的大小．18．（14分）如图，某沿海地区计划铺设一条电缆联通A、B两地，A处位于东西方向的直线MN上的陆地处，B处位于海上一个灯塔处，在A处用测角器测得tan∠BAN＝，在A处正西方向1km的点C处，用测角器测得tan∠BCN＝1，现有两种铺设方案：①沿线段AB在水下铺设；②在岸MN上选一点P，先沿线段AP在地下铺设，再沿线段PB在水下铺设，预算地下、水下的电缆铺设费用分别为2万元/km，4万元/km．（1）求A、B两点间的距离；（2）请选择一种铺设费用较低的方案，并说明理由．19．（14分）已知a∈R，函数．（1）求a的值，使得f（x）为奇函数；（2）若a≥0且对任意x∈R都成立，求a的取值范围．20．（16分）在平面直角坐标系xOy中，对于任意一点P（x，y），总存在一个点Q（x'，y'）满足关系式：（λ＞0，μ＞0），则称φ为平面直角坐标系中的伸缩变换．（1）在同一直角坐标系中，求平面直角坐标系中的伸缩变换φ，使得椭圆4x2+9y2＝36变换为一个单位圆；（2）在同一直角坐标系中，△AOB（O为坐标原点）经平面直角坐标系中的伸缩变换（λ＞0，μ＞0）得到△A'O'B'，记△AOB和△A'O'B'的面积分别为S与S'，求证：；（3）若△EFG的三个顶点都在椭圆（a＞b＞0），且椭圆中心恰好是△EFG 的重心，求△EFG的面积．21．（18分）已知函数f（x）＝x2+ax+b（a，b∈R），且不等式|f（x）|≤2019|2x﹣x2|对任意的x∈[0，10]都成立，数列{a n}是以7+a为首项，公差为1的等差数列（n∈N*）．（1）当x∈[0，10]时，写出方程2x﹣x2＝0的解，并写出数列{a n}的通项公式（不必证明）；（2）若无穷数列{b n}满足对任意的m，n∈N*都成立，求证：数列{b n}是等差数列；（3）若（n∈N*），数列{c n}的前n项和为S n，对任意的n∈N*，求的取值范围．2019年上海市青浦区高考数学二模试卷参考答案与试题解析一.填空题（本大题共12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分，共54分）1．（4分）不等式的解集是．【分析】通过移项、通分；利用两个数的商大于0等价于它们的积大于0；将分式不等式转化为二次不等式，解二次不等式求出原不等式的解集．【解答】解：原不等式等价于等价于x（2x﹣1）＜0解得故答案为（）【点评】本题考查将分式不等式等价转化为二次不等式、考查二次不等式的解法．2．（4分）已知复数z满足z（1+i）＝2+4i（其中i为虚数单位），则|z|＝．【分析】把已知等式变形，利用复数代数形式的乘除运算化简，再由复数模的计算公式求解．【解答】解：由z（1+i）＝2+4i，得z＝，∴|z|＝．故答案为：．【点评】本题考查复数代数形式的乘除运算，考查复数模的求法，是基础题．3．（4分）在平面直角坐标系xOy中，在x轴、y轴正方向上的投影分别是﹣3、4，则的单位向量是±．【分析】在x轴、y轴正方向上的投影分别是﹣3、4，可得＝（﹣3，4），可得的单位向量＝．【解答】解：∵在x轴、y轴正方向上的投影分别是﹣3、4，∴＝（﹣3，4），||＝＝5．则的单位向量＝＝±．故答案为：±．【点评】本题考查了向量数量积性质、单位向量，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于基础题．4．（4分）在（1﹣x）6的二项展开式中，含有x3项的系数为﹣20（结果用数值表示）．【分析】利用二项展开式的通项公式写出第r+1项，令x的指数为3得到r的值，代入通项求出含x3项的系数，得到结果．【解答】解：写出二项式的通项，通项T r+1＝C6r（﹣x）r＝（﹣1）r C6r x r，令r＝3得x3项的系数是（﹣1）3C63＝﹣20．故答案为：﹣20【点评】本题考查二项式系数的性质，本题解题的关键是写出展开式的通项公式，这是解决二项展开式的特定项问题的工具．5．（4分）在平面直角坐标系xOy中，若双曲线﹣y2＝1经过抛物线y2＝2px（p＞0）的焦点，则p＝4．【分析】求出双曲线的顶点，得到抛物线的焦点坐标，即可求解P即可、【解答】解：双曲线﹣y2＝1经过抛物线y2＝2px（p＞0）的焦点，可得双曲线的顶点坐标（2，0），所以，解得p＝4．故答案为：4．【点评】本题考查抛物线以及双曲线的简单性质的应用，是基本知识的考查．6．（4分）已知E、F是互斥事件，P（E）＝0.2，P（E∪F）＝0.8，则P（F）＝0.6．【分析】由E、F是互斥事件，得到P（F）＝P（E∪F）﹣P（E），由此能求出结果．【解答】解：∵E、F是互斥事件，P（E）＝0.2，P（E∪F）＝0.8，∴P（F）＝P（E∪F）﹣P（E）＝0.8﹣0.2＝0.6．故答案为：0.6．【点评】本题考查概率的求法，考查互斥事件的概率加法公式等基础知识，考查运算求解能力，是基础题．7．（5分）函数y＝|sin x+arcsin x|的最大值为．【分析】由三角函数的单调性、奇偶性得：f（x）在[﹣1，1]为单调递增的奇函数，所以﹣sin1﹣≤f（x）≤sin1+，即|f（x）|∈[0，sin1+]，得解．【解答】解：设f（x）＝sin x+arcsin x，则函数定义域为[﹣1，1]，则f（x）在[﹣1，1]为单调递增的奇函数，所以﹣sin1﹣≤f（x）≤sin1+，即|f（x）|∈[0，sin1+]，故答案为：sin1+．【点评】本题考查了三角函数的单调性、奇偶性，属中档题．8．（5分）若实数x、y满足条件，则x2+y2的最小值为．【分析】根据条件画出可行域，z＝x2+y2，再利用几何意义求最值，只需求出可行域内的点P到原点距离的最值，从而得到z最值即可．【解答】解：根据实数x、y满足条件画出可行域，z＝x2+y2，表示可行域内点P到原点距离的平方，当z是点Q到直线x+y﹣1＝0的距离的平方时，z最小，最小值为d2＝＝，故答案为：．【点评】本题主要考查了简单的线性规划，以及利用几何意义求最值，属于中档题．9．（5分）已知a、b、c都是实数，若函数的反函数的定义域是（﹣∞，+∞），则c的所有取值构成的集合是{0}．【分析】由题意可得，函数f（x）的值域为（﹣∞，+∞），当a≥0，显然不合题意，则a＜0，此时y＝x2的值域为[a2，+∞）；然后结合反比例函数的图象及函数y＝在（a，c）内有意义，可得c＝0，则答案可求．【解答】解：函数的反函数的定义域是（﹣∞，+∞），即函数f（x）的值域为（﹣∞，+∞），若a≥0，显然不合题意，则a＜0，此时y＝x2的值域为[a2，+∞）；则需y＝的值域包含（﹣∞，a2），结合函数y＝在（a，c）内有意义，则c＝0．∴c的所有取值构成的集合是{0}．故答案为：{0}．【点评】本题考查互为反函数的两个函数特性间的关系，考查逻辑思维能力与推理运算能力，是中档题．10．（5分）已知某四棱锥的三视图如图所示，则该四棱锥的最长棱的长度为．【分析】由三视图还原原几何体，该几何体为四棱锥，底面ABCD是边长为3的正方形，侧面PAD⊥底面ABCD，PO⊥AD，AO＝1，OD＝2，△PAB是以∠PAB为直角的直角三角形，△PDC是以∠PDC为直角的直角三角形，求解三角形得答案．【解答】解：由三视图还原原几何体如图，该几何体为四棱锥，底面ABCD是边长为3的正方形，侧面PAD⊥底面ABCD，PO⊥AD，AO＝1，OD＝2，△PAB是以∠PAB为直角的直角三角形，△PDC是以∠PDC为直角的直角三角形．则最长棱为PC＝．故答案为：．【点评】本题考查由三视图求面积、体积，关键是由三视图还原原几何体，是中档题．11．（5分）已知函数f（x）＝x2+ax+b（a，b∈R），在区间（﹣1，1）内有两个零点，则a2﹣2b的取值范围是（0，2）．【分析】列出满足条件约束条件，画出满足条件的可行域，进而可得答案．【解答】解：由题意，要使函数f（x）＝x2+ax+b在区间（﹣1，1）上有两个零点，只要，其对应的平面区域如下图所示：则当a＝0，b＝0时，a2﹣2b取最小值0，当a＝﹣2，b＝1时，a2﹣2b取最大值2，所以a2﹣2b的取值范围为（0，2）；故答案为：（0，2）．【点评】本题考查了函数零点的分布，线性规划，关键是结合二次函数图象等价得到不等式组．12．（5分）已知O为△ABC的外心，，，则λ+μ的最大值为．【分析】由平面向量的坐标运算、向量相等得：因为∠ABC＝，所以，设A（1，0），C（﹣，），B（x，y），则＝（1﹣x，﹣y），＝（﹣﹣x，﹣y），＝（﹣x，﹣y），因为，所以，解得：，由重要不等式得：因为点B在圆x2+y2＝1上，所以λμ＝，所以（λ+μ）2（λ+μ）≥0，解得：λ+μ≥2或，又点B只能在优弧AC上，所以，得解【解答】解：设△ABC的外接圆半径为1，以点O为原点建立坐标系，因为∠ABC＝，所以，设A（1，0），C（﹣，），B（x，y），则＝（1﹣x，﹣y），＝（﹣﹣x，﹣y），＝（﹣x，﹣y），因为，所以，解得：，因为点B在圆x2+y2＝1上，所以λμ＝，所以（λ+μ）2（λ+μ）≥0，解得：λ+μ≥2或，又点B只能在优弧AC上，所以，即λ+μ的最大值为，故答案为：．【点评】本题考查了平面向量的坐标运算、向量相等及重要不等式，属难度较大的题型．二.选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分）13．（5分）已知，B＝{y|y＝log2x}，则A∩B＝（）A．（0，+∞）B．[0，+∞）C．{2}D．{（4，2）}【分析】先分别求出集合A和B，由此能求出A∩B．【解答】解：∵＝{y|y≥0}，B＝{y|y＝log2x}＝R，∴A∩B＝{y|y≥0}＝[0，+∞）．故选：B．【点评】本题考查交集的求法，考查交集定义等基础知识，考查运算求解能力，是基础题．14．（5分）已知△ABC是斜三角形，则“A＞B”是“|tan A|＞|tan B|”的（）A．充分不必要条件B．必要不充分条件C．充要条件D．既不充分又不必要条件【分析】根据充要条件的定义，结合正切函数的图象和性质，分析：“A＞B”⇒“|tan A|＞|tan B|”和“|tan A|＞|tan B|”⇒“A＞B”的真假后，可得答案．【解答】解：当A＞B时，若AB均为锐角，则tan A＞tan B＞0，此时|tan A|＞|tan B|，若A为钝角，则π﹣A为锐角，B＜π﹣A，则tan（π﹣A）＝﹣tan A＞tan B＞0，此时|tan A|＞|tan B|，综上：当A＞B时，“|tan A|＞|tan B|”．当“|tan A|＞|tan B|”时，若AB均为锐角，则tan A＞tan B＞0，此时tan A＞tan B，即A＞B，若A为钝角，满足条件，若B为钝角，则tan（π﹣B）＝﹣tan B＜tan A，即π﹣B＜A，A+B＞π，故B不可能为钝角，综上，当“|tan A|＞|tan B|”时，“A＞B”，故“A＞B”是“|tan A|＞|tan B|”的充要条件，故选：C．【点评】本题考查了充要条件的判断，做题时一定要细心，是一道基础题，熟练掌握充要条件的定义是解答的关键．15．（5分）已知曲线（θ是参数），过点P（6，2）作直线l与曲线Γ有且仅有一个公共点，则这样的直线l有（）A．1条B．2条C．3条D．4条【分析】将曲线的参数方程化成普通方程为双曲线方程，结合图象可知，当过P的直线与双曲线的渐近线平行时，满足题．【解答】解：由消去参数θ可得﹣y2＝1，如图所示：经过P（6，2）且与双曲线的两条渐近线平行的直线满足题意．故选：B．【点评】本题考查了参数方程化成普通方程，属中档题．16．（5分）等差数列a1，a2，…，a n（n≥3，n∈N*）满足|a1|+|a2|+…+|a n|＝|a1+1|+|a2+1|+…+|a n+1|＝|a1﹣2|+|a2﹣2|+…+|a n﹣2|＝2019，则（）A．n的最大值为50B．n的最小值为50C．n的最大值为51D．n的最小值为51【分析】首先数列{a n}中的项一定满足既有正项又有负项，不妨设满足，从而判断数列中的项为偶数项，利用凑配法和关系式的变换求出n的最大值．【解答】解：{a n}为等差数列，则使等式|a1|+|a2|+…+|a n|＝|a1+1|+|a2+1|+…+|a n+1|，＝|a1﹣2|+|a2﹣2|+…+|a n﹣2|，则：数列{a n}中的项一定有正有负，不妨设a1＜0，d＞0，因为|a1|+|a2|+…+|a n|＝|a1+1|+|a2+1|+…+|a n+1|＝|a1﹣2|+|a2﹣2|+…+|a n﹣2|＝2019为定值，故设，且得d＞3．若a i＜0，且a i+1＜0，则|a i|﹣|a i+1|＝1，同理若a i≥0，则|a i+1|﹣|a i|＝1，所以＝＝k，所以数列{a n}的项数为2k．所以：|a1|+|a2|+..+|a n|＝﹣a1﹣a2﹣a3﹣…﹣a k+a k+1+a k+2+…+a2k，＝﹣2（a1+a2+a3+…+a k）+（a1+a2+a3+…+a k+a k+1+…+a2k）＝﹣2（ka1+d）+（2ka1+），＝k2d＝2019，由于：d＞3，所以：k2d＝2019＞3k2，解得：k2＜673，故：k≤25，n≤50．故选：A．【点评】本题考查的知识要点：数列的通项公式的应用，数列的求和公式的应用，主要考查学生的运算能力和转化能力，属于难题．三.解答题（本大题共5题，共14+14+14+16+18＝76分）17．（14分）如图，圆柱是矩形O1OAA1绕其边O1O所在直线旋转一周所得，AB是底面圆的直径，点C是弧AB的中点．（1）求三棱锥A1﹣ABC体积与圆柱体积的比值；（2）若圆柱的母线长度与底面半径相等，点M是线段AO1的中点，求异面直线CM与BO1所成角的大小．【分析】（1）设矩形O1OAA1的边长分别为OA＝a，A1A＝b，由体积公式分别求出三棱锥A1﹣ABC体积与圆柱体积，作比得答案；（2）连接OM，则OM∥O1B，连接MC，则∠OMC为异面直线CM与BO1所成角，设OA＝AA1＝2，然后求解三角形得答案．【解答】解：（1）设矩形O1OAA1的边长分别为OA＝a，A1A＝b，则，，∴；（2）连接OM，则OM∥O1B，连接MC，则∠OMC为异面直线CM与BO1所成角，设OA＝AA1＝2，则，OM＝，OC＝2，∵点C是弧AB的中点，∴OC⊥平面ABO1，则OC⊥OM，在Rt△MOC中，有MC＝，∴cos∠OMC＝，则异面直线CM与BO1所成角的大小为．【点评】本题考查棱锥与圆柱体积的求法，考查异面直线所成角的求法，考查空间想象能力与计算能力，是中档题．18．（14分）如图，某沿海地区计划铺设一条电缆联通A、B两地，A处位于东西方向的直线MN上的陆地处，B处位于海上一个灯塔处，在A处用测角器测得tan∠BAN＝，在A处正西方向1km的点C处，用测角器测得tan∠BCN＝1，现有两种铺设方案：①沿线段AB在水下铺设；②在岸MN上选一点P，先沿线段AP在地下铺设，再沿线段PB在水下铺设，预算地下、水下的电缆铺设费用分别为2万元/km，4万元/km．（1）求A、B两点间的距离；（2）请选择一种铺设费用较低的方案，并说明理由．【分析】（1）由tan∠BAN＝，∠BCN＝，得到|AD|，|DB|、|AB|间的关系，然后利用直角三角形的性质求解；（2）方案①：总铺设费用为5×4＝20（万元）．方案②：设∠BPD＝θ，则θ∈（θ0，），其中θ0＝∠BAN，在Rt△BDP中，DP＝＝，BP＝＝，则总铺设费用为2AP+4BP＝8﹣+＝8+6•．设f（θ）＝，则f′（θ）＝＝，求出函数的极小值，即函数的最小值得答案．【解答】（本题满分为14分）解：（1）过B作MN的垂线，垂足为D，如图示：在Rt△ABD中，tan∠BAD＝tan∠BAN＝，所以AD＝BD，在Rt△BCD中，tan∠BCD＝tan∠BCN＝＝1，所以CD＝BD．则AC＝AD﹣CD＝BD﹣BD＝BD＝1，即BD＝3，所以CD＝3，AD＝4，由勾股定理得，AB＝＝5（km）．所以A，B两镇间的距离为5km．…（4分）（2）方案①：沿线段AB在水下铺设时，总铺设费用为5×4＝20（万元）．…（6分）方案②：设∠BPD＝θ，则θ∈（θ0，），其中θ0＝∠BAN，在Rt △BDP 中，DP ＝＝，BP ＝＝，所以AP ＝4﹣DP ＝4﹣．则总铺设费用为2AP +4BP ＝8﹣+＝8+6•．…（8分）设f （θ）＝，则f ′（θ）＝＝，令f '（θ）＝0，得θ＝，列表如下：，），所以f （θ）的最小值为f （）＝．所以方案②的总铺设费用最小为8+6（万元），此时AP ＝4﹣． …（12分）而8+6＜20，所以应选择方案②进行铺设，点P 选在A 的正西方向（4﹣）km 处，总铺设费用最低．…（14分）【点评】本题考查了简单的数学建模思想方法，考查了利用导数求函数的最值，是中档题．19．（14分）已知a ∈R ，函数．（1）求a 的值，使得f （x ）为奇函数；（2）若a ≥0且对任意x ∈R 都成立，求a 的取值范围．【分析】（1）根据奇函数的定义与性质，利用f （0）＝0求得a 的值，再验证求得a 的值时，f （x ）是奇函数；（2）根据题意把不等式化为a2+a＞（5﹣a）•2x，要使不等式对任意x∈R都成立，得出5﹣a≤0即可．【解答】解：（1）函数为奇函数，即f（0）＝＝0，解得a＝1，∴f（x）＝，定义域为R，且满足f（﹣x）＝＝＝﹣f（x），∴f（x）是定义域R上的奇函数；即a＝1时，f（x）为定义域R上的奇函数；（2）不等式f（x）＜化为＜，a≥0时，2x+a＞0，所以不等式化为3（2x﹣a）＜（a﹣2）（2x+a），即a2+a＞（5﹣a）•2x；要使该不等式对任意x∈R都成立，由a≥0且2x＞0，所以5﹣a≤0，即a≥5即可；所以a的取值范围是a≥5．【点评】本题考查了不等式的解法与应用问题，也考查了等价转化问题，是中档题．20．（16分）在平面直角坐标系xOy中，对于任意一点P（x，y），总存在一个点Q（x'，y'）满足关系式：（λ＞0，μ＞0），则称φ为平面直角坐标系中的伸缩变换．（1）在同一直角坐标系中，求平面直角坐标系中的伸缩变换φ，使得椭圆4x2+9y2＝36变换为一个单位圆；（2）在同一直角坐标系中，△AOB（O为坐标原点）经平面直角坐标系中的伸缩变换（λ＞0，μ＞0）得到△A'O'B'，记△AOB和△A'O'B'的面积分别为S与S'，求证：；（3）若△EFG的三个顶点都在椭圆（a＞b＞0），且椭圆中心恰好是△EFG 的重心，求△EFG的面积．【分析】（1）把伸缩变换代入x′2+y′2＝1，得到36λ2x2+36μ2y2＝36，与4x2+9 y2＝36比较求得λ＝，μ＝，则答案可求；（2）以OA 所在直线为x 轴，建立平面直角坐标系，设A （a ，0），B （b ，c ），求出经平面直角坐标系中的伸缩变换后得到的A ′（λa ，0），B ′（λb ，μc ），再分别求出S 与S '，作比得答案；（3）设E （x 1，y 1），F （x 2，y 2），G （x 3，y 3），由△EFG 重心是原点，得x 3＝﹣（x 1+x 2），y 3＝﹣（y 1+y 2），然后分类求解得答案．【解答】（1）解：伸缩变换为（λ＞0，μ＞0），代入x ′2+y ′2＝1， 得到（λx ）2+（μy ）2＝1，即36λ2x 2+36μ2y 2＝36，①将①式与4x 2+9 y 2＝36比较，得λ＝，μ＝，故所求的伸缩变换为；（2）证明：以OA 所在直线为x 轴，建立平面直角坐标系，设A （a ，0），B （b ，c ），则，经平面直角坐标系中的伸缩变换（λ＞0，μ＞0），得到A （λa ，0），B（λb ，μc ）．∴，∴＝；（3）解：设E （x 1，y 1），F （x 2，y 2），G （x 3，y 3），∵△EFG 重心是原点，∴，，∴x 3＝﹣（x 1+x 2），y 3＝﹣（y 1+y 2），当直线EF 的斜率不存在时，E （﹣，），F （﹣，﹣），G （a ，0），或E （，），F （，﹣），G （﹣a ，0），此时S △EFG ＝；当直线EF 的斜率存在时，设直线EF 的方程为y ＝kx +m ，由，得（b 2+a 2k 2）x 2+2a 2kmx +a 2m 2﹣a 2b 2＝0．，，y 1+y 2＝k （x 1+x 2）+2m ＝＝，∴x 3＝，，∵G （x 3，y 3）在椭圆上，∴，∴4m 2＝b 2+a 2k 2，∵|EF |＝＝＝．点G （x 3，y 3）到直线AB 的距离d ＝＝，∴S △EFG ＝|EF |d ＝．综上所述，△ABC 的面积是定值．【点评】本题考查平面直角坐标系中的伸缩变换，考查直线与椭圆位置关系的应用，考查计算能力，属难题．21．（18分）已知函数f （x ）＝x 2+ax +b （a ，b ∈R ），且不等式|f （x ）|≤2019|2x ﹣x 2|对任意的x ∈[0，10]都成立，数列{a n }是以7+a 为首项，公差为1的等差数列（n ∈N *）． （1）当x ∈[0，10]时，写出方程2x ﹣x 2＝0的解，并写出数列{a n }的通项公式（不必证明）；（2）若无穷数列{b n }满足对任意的m ，n ∈N *都成立，求证：数列{b n }是等差数列；（3）若（n∈N*），数列{c n}的前n项和为S n，对任意的n∈N*，求的取值范围．【分析】（1）令f（2）＝0，f（4）＝0计算a，b的值，从而得出出数列{a n}的通项公式；（2）由条件可知b n+m﹣b m﹣b n＝0，令m＝1可得结论；（3）利用放缩法得出最小值，根据递减数列得出最大值．【解答】解：（1）当x∈[0，10]时，方程2x﹣x2＝0的解为：x＝2，x＝4．不等式|f（x）|≤2019|2x﹣x2|对任意的x∈[0，10]都成立，∴|f（2）|≤0，|f（4）|≤0，化为：4+2a+b＝0，16+4a+b＝0，解得a＝﹣6，b＝8．∴a n＝1+n﹣1＝n．（2）＝＞0，∵＝对任意的m，n∈N*都成立，∴|b n+m﹣b m﹣b n|≤0，又|b n+m﹣b m﹣b n|≥0，∴b n+m﹣b m﹣b n＝0，即b n+m＝b m+b n，令m＝1可得b n+1＝b n+b1，∴b n+1﹣b n＝b1．∴数列{b n}是等差数列．（3）由（1）可得：＝（n∈N*），∴＝（++……+），显然{}是递减数列，故≤S1＝．∵＞n，∴S n＞1+2+3+…+n＝，∴＞+．∴的取值范围是．【点评】本题考查了等比数列的通项公式与求和公式及其性质、分类讨论方法，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于中档题．。
上海市青浦区高二年级第二次学业质量调研测试(二模)地理试题 Word版
上海市青浦区高二年级第二次学业质量调研测试（二模）地理试题考生注意：1.试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名等相应信息。
作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分，每小题只有一个正确答案）1．2017年12月14日21时11分, 嫦娥三号探测器在月球表面预选着陆区域成功着陆，标志我国已成为世界上第三个实现地外天体软着陆的国家。
探测器软着陆月面主要难度是…（ ）A ．真空—无法用降落伞减速B ．太阳风—容易吹倒月球车C ．地形起伏大—峰林、火山锥林立D ．低温—当地季节为冬季2．2018年7月28日将发生一次月全食，我国大部分地区可见，7天后，人们在上海所观察到的月相是…………………………………………………………………………………………（ ）3．在上海听到电台报北京时间12点整时，太阳位于其…………………………………（ ）A ．正南方B ．东南方C ．西南方D ．西北方4．地球上昼夜长短变化幅度最大的地区是……………………………………………… （ ）A ．温带地区B ．高纬地区C ．低纬地区D ．回归线附近5．印度半岛和阿拉伯半岛都属于六大板块中…………………………………………… （ ）A ．亚欧板块B ．印度板块C ．非洲板块D ．印度洋板块6．历史上，苏州人利用当地砚瓦山的岩石做原料生产优质砚台。
这种岩石岩性致密，呈薄板状。
该岩石可能是…………………………………………………………………………………（ ）A ．喷出岩B ．侵入岩C ．沉积岩D ．变质岩7．大气的组成物质及表现是………………………………………………………………（ ）A ．氮气和臭氧吸收太阳紫外线B ．CO 2只吸收太阳辐射ABCDC ．水汽和固体尘埃可成云致雨D ．氧气和氮气供植物呼吸作用8．每年2月18日—20日为“雨水”节气，农业谚语“雨水春雨贵如油，顶凌耙耘防墒流”中的春雨多源于……………………………………………………………………………… （ ）A ．气旋过境B ．反气旋过境C ．锋面过境D ．对流旺盛9．2018年1月底，上海地区迎来了难得一见的大雪，下列天气系统与本次上海降雪有关的是…………………………………………………………………………………………… （ ）10．下列洋流示意图中，表示北半球中低纬的环流是………………………………… （ ）A ．AB ．BC ．CD ．D11．山地中，垂直自然带数目最多的是………………………………………………… （ ）A ．勃朗峰（400N ，海拔4810米）B ．麦金利峰（630N ，海拔6193米）C ．文森峰（780S ，海拔5140米）D ．乞力马扎罗山（30S ，海拔5985米）12．我国西部地区人口容量明显小于东部地区，其首要原因是……………………… （ ）A ．开放程度低B ．水资源匮乏C ．人均消费水平低D ．科技水平低13．超高速进行中的老龄化使得曾被称为“世界工厂”的中国逐渐转变为“银色产业的圣地”。
上海市青浦区2018-2019学年第二学期高中（二模）等级考调研测试生命..
青浦区 2018学年高二年级第二次学业质量调研测试生命科学试卷本试卷共 9 页,满分 100 分,考试时间为 60 分钟。
请在答题纸上填写学校、姓名、座位号。
答案全部涂、写在答題纸上，不要超过答题框，否则不得分。
一、选择题（40分）1. 下列为烟草花叶病毒具有的物质或结构是（下列为烟草花叶病毒具有的物质或结构是（ ）A ．细胞质．细胞质B B ．核糖核酸．核糖核酸．核糖核酸C C ．磷脂．磷脂．磷脂D D ．核糖体．核糖体．核糖体2. 小萌想检查网购的奶粉是否属合格的脱脂无糖（还原糖）奶粉，无．需．选取的试剂是（选取的试剂是（ ） A ．苏丹Ⅲ染液．苏丹Ⅲ染液B ．龙胆紫溶液．龙胆紫溶液C ．双缩脲试剂．双缩脲试剂D ．班氏试剂．班氏试剂3. 在紫色洋葱鳞叶外表皮细胞的失水和吸水实验中，显微镜下可依次观察到图在紫色洋葱鳞叶外表皮细胞的失水和吸水实验中，显微镜下可依次观察到图 1 1 所示甲、乙、所示甲、乙、丙三种细胞状态。
下列叙述正确的是（丙三种细胞状态。
下列叙述正确的是（ ）A. 由甲到乙需将低倍镜转换到高倍镜由甲到乙需将低倍镜转换到高倍镜B.甲、乙、丙不能在同一个细胞内依次发生C ．与甲相比，乙液泡内溶液浓度较低．与甲相比，乙液泡内溶液浓度较低 D ．由乙到丙的过程中需滴加清水引流．由乙到丙的过程中需滴加清水引流4. 图 2 是某种物质通过细胞膜的示意图，从图中能得出（是某种物质通过细胞膜的示意图，从图中能得出（ ） A ．图中．图中 S S 代表载体，代表载体，代表载体，C C 代表离子代表离子B ．该物质跨膜方式是协助运输C ．该物质跨膜方式是主动转运．该物质跨膜方式是主动转运D ．图中．图中 C C 是固定不变的是固定不变的是固定不变的5.使用显微镜目镜测微尺在低倍镜使用显微镜目镜测微尺在低倍镜 10 10×下测量变形虫，测得虫体长占×下测量变形虫，测得虫体长占×下测量变形虫，测得虫体长占 10 10 格，转换高倍镜格，转换高倍镜格，转换高倍镜 40× 后虫体所占格数为（后虫体所占格数为（ ）A ．5 格B ．10 格C ．20 格D ．40 格6.利用基因型为利用基因型为 AaBb 的马铃薯获得基因型为的马铃薯获得基因型为 aabb 的后代，可采用的生殖方式是（的后代，可采用的生殖方式是（ ） A.A.分裂生殖分裂生殖分裂生殖 B.B.出芽生殖出芽生殖出芽生殖 C.C.营养繁殖营养繁殖营养繁殖 D.D.有性生殖有性生殖有性生殖 7. 某种植物细胞减数分裂过程中先后出现了如图某种植物细胞减数分裂过程中先后出现了如图 3 3 甲乙丙丁的几个特定时期。
上海市青浦区2018-高二下期末数学无答案
上海市青浦区2018－高二下期末数学无答案青浦区2019学年第二学期高二年级期终学业质量调研数学试卷（满分150，时间120分钟）考生注意：1.答卷前,考生务必在答题纸上将学校、班级、考试号、姓名等填写清楚.2.请按照题号在答题纸各题答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效.3.本试卷共有21道试题,可以使用规定型号计算器.一、填空题(本大题满分54分)本大题共有12题,1-6每题4分,7-12每题5分.考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果,每个空格填对得分,否则一律得零分1.复数i=（i是虚数单位）的虚部是3-z42.平面直角坐标系中点）（2,1到直线01x的距离+y2=+为3.62)1x+的展开式中的常数项是2(x4.已知正六棱柱的底面边长为2，侧棱为3，则该正六棱柱的体积为5.已知球的半径为R，BA、之A、为球面上两点，若B8. 线中,是∑曲线的有 （写出所有∑曲线的序号）二. 选择题(本大题满分20分)本大题共有4题,每题有且只有一个正确答案,考生应在答题纸的相应编号上,将代表答案的小方格涂黑,选对得5分,否则一律得零分.9. “直线l 垂直于平面α内的无数条直线”是“α⊥l ”的一个 （ ）【A 】充分不必要条件【B 】必要不充分条件【C 】充要条件【D 】既非充分也不必要条件14. 曲线12:22=+-Γy xy x 的图像 （ ）【A 】关于x 轴对称【B 】关于原点对称,但不关于直线x y =对称【C 】关于y 轴对称【D 】关于直线x y =对称，关于直线x y -=对称15.下列命题中,正确的命题是【A 】若0,2121>-∈z z C z z 、，则21z z >4)-x 【B 】若R z ∈，则2||z z z =⋅-不成立【C 】0,,2121=⋅∈z z C z z ，则01=z 或02=z 【D 】0,222121=+∈z z C z z 、，则01=z 且02=z16.如图，正方体1111D C B A ABCD -，则下列四个命题：①点P 在直线1BC 上运动时，直线AP 与直线D A 1所成角的大小不变；②点P 在直线1BC 上运动时，直线AP 与平面1ACD 所成角的大小不变；③点P 在直线1BC 上运动时，二面角C AD P --1的大小不变；④点P 在直线1BC 上运动时，三棱锥PC D A 1-的体积不变.其中的真命题是（ ）【A 】①③【B 】③④【C 】①②④【D 】①③④三、解答题(本大题满分76分)本大题共有5题,解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定 区域内写出必要的步骤.17.（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第（1）小题满分7分，第（2）小题满分7分.已知复数i m i -==βα,-2，其中i 是虚数单位，R m ∈.（1）若||2||-<+αβα，求实数m 的取值范围；（2）若β是关于x 的方程)(0102R n nx x ∈=+-的一个根，求实数m 与n 的值.18.（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第（1）小题满分6分，第（2）小题满分8分.如图所示圆锥中，CD AB 、为底面圆的两条直径，O CD AB = ，且CD AB ⊥，2==AB SO ，P 为SB 的中点.求:（1）该圆锥的表面积；（2）异面直线SA 与PD 所成的角的大小（结果用反三角函数值表示）.19.（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第（1）小题满分7分，第（2）小题满分7分.已知四边形ABCD 是矩形，⊥PA 平面ABCD ，2,1===AD AB PA ，点N M 、在线段DC PB 、上（不为端点），且满足→→→→==NC DN MP BM λλ,，其中0>λ.（1）若1=λ，求直线MN 与平面ABCD 所成的角的大小；（2）是否存在λ，使MN 是DC PB ，的公垂线，即MN 同时垂直DC PB ，？说明理由.20.（本题满分16分）本题共有3个小题，第（1）小题4分，第（2）小题6分，第（3）小题6分. 已知椭圆)0(12222>>=+Γb a b y a x ：的左右顶点分别是)0,2(),0,2(B A -.点)21,3(在椭圆上，过该椭圆上任意一点P 作x PQ ⊥轴，垂足为Q ，点C 在QP 的延长线上，且||||PC QP =.（1）求椭圆Γ的方程；（2）求动点C 的轨迹E 的方程；（3）设直线AC （C 点不同B A 、）与直线2=x 交于R ，D 为线段RB 的中点，证明:直线CD 与曲线相切.21.（本题满分18分）本题共有3个小题，第（1）小题4分，第（2）小题6分，第（3）小题8分. 在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，对于点),(00y x P 、直线0:=++c by ax l ，我们称2200b a c by ax +++=δ为点),(00y x P 到直线0:=++c by ax l 的方向距离.（1）设双曲线1422=-y x 上的任意一点),(y x P 到直线02:1=-y x l ，02:2=+y x l 的方向距离分别为21δδ、，求21δδ的值；（2）设点)0,()0,(t F t E 、-、到直线02sin 2cos :=-+ααy x l 的方向距离分别为21ηη、，试问是否存在实数t ，对任意的α都有121=ηη成立？说明理由；（3）已知直线0:=+-n y mx l 和椭圆)0(12222>>=+b a b y a x ，设椭圆E 的两个焦点21F F 、到直线l 的方向距离分别为21λλ、满足221b >λλ，且直线l 与x 轴的交点为A 、与y 轴的交点为B ，试问的长||AB 与b a +的大小.。
上海市青浦区2018届高三第二次学业质量调研测试化学试卷
青浦区2017学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试
化学学科试卷
（时间60分钟，满分100分）
Q2018.04
考生注意：
1 •
本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分， 所有答题必须涂或写在答题纸上; 做在试卷上一律不得分。
2.
答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚 地填写姓名、准考证号。
3.
答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意， 不能错位。
相对原子质量： H-1 C-12 N-14 0-16 Na-23 、选择题（本题共 40分，每小题2分，每题只有一个正确选项） 1•下列物质属于混合物的是
A. 冰醋酸
B.石油裂解气 2•干冰气化时，发生变化的是
A.分子间作用力
C.分子的大小
6•下列变化过程中 Q > 0的是 — + AQH 3COOH CH 3COO + H + Q B. CaCO 3 (s ) T CaO (s ) + CO 2 (g ) + Q
2- % C. S + H 2O HS + OH + Q
D. S (g ) T S (l ) + Q C. 硫磺 D.酒精 B.分子内共价键 D. 分子的化学性质 3•为了防止贮存液氯的钢筒被腐蚀，钢筒在装氯之前必须
A.除去铁锈
B.用盐酸清洗
C.彻底干燥 4•下列烷烃命名错误的是
A . 2—甲基戊烷
C . 3,4 ^二甲基戊烷
5•下列物质溶于水时会破坏水的电离平衡，且属于电解质的是
A .氯气
B .二氧化碳
C .氯化钾 D.加点铁粉 B . 3 —基戊烷
D . 3 —甲基己烷 D .醋酸钠。
上海市青浦区2018-2019学年第二学期高中教学质量检测高三（二模）历史试卷（含答案）
青浦区 2018 学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试历史试卷本试卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分，全卷共5页。
2019.4考生注意:1.答卷前，考生务必分别在答题卡和答题纸上用钢笔清楚填写姓名和准考证号，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号。
交卷时需交答题卡和答题纸，试卷不用上交。
2.选择题(第 1-20 题) 由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
注意：答题卡与试卷在试题编号和选项上是一一对应的。
考生应将代表该题答案的小方格涂黑，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选择用橡皮擦清，重新选择。
答案不能写在试卷上，写在试卷上一律不给分。
(注意：答题卡的准考证号码是九位，如“XXXXXXXXX”，涂号码时按九位涂)3.考试时间 60 分钟，试卷满分 100 分。
一、选择题（1-20 每题 2 分，共 40 分）1.儒学发展过程中除吸收本国优秀文化精华外，也汲取了外来文化的养料。
该特点集中体现于A．孔孟之道 B.两汉经学 C.魏晋玄学 D.宋明理学2.中国古代王朝都城位置演变的一般规律是“从西向东迁，从南向北迁”，最后定都于A．西安B．洛阳C．北京D．南京3.“当神宗、王安石锐意变法之际，独愀然以为未当，退而著史，……垂二十年而书成……其书衣被沾溉于后世，至今不能废。
”此处的“书”当指A．《太史公记》 B.《史通》 C.《资治通鉴》 D.《文史通义》4.《元史》载：“世祖即位，登用老成，大新制作……”。
世祖的“大新制作”主要表现为A．置部刺史，掌奉诏条察州B．诏知府公事并须长吏、通判签议连书C．有行省，统郡县，镇边鄙D．以中书令、侍中、尚书令共议国政5.名画《步辇图》描绘的是吐蕃赞普松赞干布派遣使者禄东赞觐见太宗求亲的场景。
画面中左三着（红色）官服者供职于A.吏部B.礼部C.户部D.工部6.某地历史档案馆珍藏一件被称为“廷寄”的实物史料。
该文物可用来研究中国古代A.刺史制度B．科举制度C．内阁制度D．军机处制度7.中国古代历史上，外来文化主要通过两个方向传入中国（如下图）。
上海市青浦区2018-2019学年高二下学期期末考试语文试题 含解析
青浦区 2018学年第二学期高二年级期终学业质量调研测试语文试卷2019.61.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应注意，不能错位。
3.考试时间150分钟。
试卷满分150分。
一、积累与运用（1—5题）（10分）1.按要求填空（1）________，则知明而行无过矣。
（荀子《劝学》）（2）是故弟子不必不如师，________。
（[_________]《师说》）（3）《过秦论》中作者在最后指出秦的过失是“________”。
【答案】 (1). （1）君子博学而日参省乎己 (2). （2）师不必贤于弟子 (3). 韩愈 (4). （3）仁义不施而攻守之势异也【解析】【详解】本题考查情境式默写以及文学常识。
要求考生在理解的基础上背诵并能运用，考生要注重平时的积累，注意难写的字、易混的字还有通假字，注意不要错漏添虚词、颠倒词序。
注意从题干中寻找提示性的信息。
另外，书写必须工整仔细。
2.按要求选择（1）下列句子中与“中华传统美德”无关的一句是（）A.思国之安者，必积其德义B.事不目见耳闻，而臆断其有无，可乎？C.吾所以为此者，以先国家之急而后私仇也D.俭，德之共也；侈，恶之大也。
（2）下面是X市X中学学生张晓写给《语文匠》编辑部的投稿信，其中有四处表达不得体的情况，请你找出三处并进行修改。
《语文匠》编辑部：我是X市X中学学生张晓，是一位酷爱写作的学生。
久闻你刊大名，决定向你刊投稿。
现奉上大作《蒙茶飘香》一篇，敬请拜读。
还望务必拔冗固复为谢！此致敬礼！张晓2018年7月6日①________改为________ ②________改为________ ③________改为________【答案】（1）B（2）①“你刊”改“贵刊”②“大作”改为“拙作/拙笔”③“拜读”改为“指正、斧正”④“务必”改为“能、能够”【解析】【详解】本题考查语言表达准确、连贯、得体。
青浦区高中2018-2019学年高二下学期第二次月考试卷数学
青浦区高中2018-2019学年高二下学期第二次月考试卷数学一、选择题1． 已知圆C ：x 2+y 2=4，若点P （x 0，y 0）在圆C 外，则直线l ：x 0x+y 0y=4与圆C 的位置关系为（ ） A ．相离 B ．相切 C ．相交 D ．不能确定2． 三个数a=0.52，b=log 20.5，c=20.5之间的大小关系是（ ） A ．b ＜a ＜c B ．a ＜c ＜b C ．a ＜b ＜c D ．b ＜c ＜a3． 在三棱柱111ABC A B C -中，已知1AA ⊥平面1=22ABC AA BC BAC π=∠=，，,此三棱柱各个顶点都在一个球面上，则球的体积为（ ） A ．323π B ．16π C.253π D ．312π4．若，，且，则λ与μ的值分别为（ ）A．B ．5，2C．D ．﹣5，﹣25． 已知某工程在很大程度上受当地年降水量的影响，施工期间的年降水量X （单位：mm ）对工期延误天数YPA ．0.1B ．0.3C ．0.42D ．0.56． 执行右面的程序框图，若输入x=7，y=6，则输出的有数对为（ ）A ．（11，12）B ．（12，13）C ．（13，14）D ．（13，12）7． 函数y=2x 2﹣e |x|在[﹣2，2]的图象大致为（ ）班级_______________ 座号______ 姓名_______________ 分数__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A． B． C．D．8． 设抛物线C ：y 2=2px （p ＞0）的焦点为F ，点M 在C 上，|MF|=5，若以MF 为直径的圆过点（0，2），则C 的方程为（ ）A ．y 2=4x 或y 2=8xB ．y 2=2x 或y 2=8xC ．y 2=4x 或y 2=16xD ．y 2=2x 或y 2=16x9． 函数y=sin （2x+）图象的一条对称轴方程为（ ） A ．x=﹣B ．x=﹣C ．x=D ．x=10．关于x 的方程ax 2+2x ﹣1=0至少有一个正的实根，则a 的取值范围是（ ）A ．a ≥0B ．﹣1≤a ＜0C ．a ＞0或﹣1＜a ＜0D ．a ≥﹣111．已知全集I={1，2，3，4，5，6}，A={1，2，3，4}，B={3，4，5，6}，那么∁I （A ∩B ）等于（ ） A ．{3，4} B ．{1，2，5，6} C ．{1，2，3，4，5，6} D ．∅12．如图在圆O 中，AB ，CD 是圆O 互相垂直的两条直径，现分别以OA ，OB ，OC ，OD 为直径作四个 圆，在圆O 内随机取一点，则此点取自阴影部分的概率是（ ）A ．π1B ．π21 C ．π121- D ．π2141- 【命题意图】本题考查几何概型概率的求法，借助圆这个载体，突出了几何概型的基本运算能力，因用到圆的几何性质及面积的割补思想，属于中等难度．二、填空题DABCO13．等差数列{}n a 的前项和为n S ，若37116a a a ++=，则13S 等于_________.14．已知椭圆中心在原点，一个焦点为F （﹣2，0），且长轴长是短轴长的2倍，则该椭圆的标准方程是 ．15．函数)(x f （R x ∈）满足2)1(=f 且)(x f 在R 上的导数)('x f 满足03)('>-x f ，则不等式1log 3)(log 33-<x x f 的解集为 .【命题意图】本题考查利用函数的单调性解抽象不等式问题，本题对运算能力、化归能力及构造能力都有较高要求，难度大.16．设O 为坐标原点，抛物线C ：y 2=2px （p ＞0）的准线为l ，焦点为F ，过F 斜率为的直线与抛物线C相交于A ，B 两点，直线AO 与l 相交于D ，若|AF|＞|BF|，则= ．17．曲线y=x 2与直线y=x 所围成图形的面积为 ．18．在区间[﹣2，3]上任取一个数a ，则函数f （x ）=x 3﹣ax 2+（a+2）x 有极值的概率为 ．三、解答题19．已知函数f （x ）=x 2﹣（2a+1）x+alnx ，a ∈R （1）当a=1，求f （x ）的单调区间；（4分）（2）a ＞1时，求f （x ）在区间[1，e]上的最小值；（5分） （3）g （x ）=（1﹣a ）x ，若使得f （x 0）≥g （x 0）成立，求a 的范围.20．等差数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ，已知a 1=10，a 2为整数，且S n ≤S 4。
上海青浦一中2018-2019学年高二第二学期数学期中学业质量调研测试
青浦一中2018-2019学年第二学期期中学业质量调研测试高二年级数学试卷一.填空题（本大题满分54分）本大题共有12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分,考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得分，否则一律得零分.1.直线与平面所成角的范围．2.已知(1,4,2),(2,1,3)a b =-=- ，则a b +=．3.已知直线l 的一个方向向量(4,3,1)d = ，平面α的一个法向量(,3,5)n m =- ，且//l α，则m =．4.在正方体中，异面直线与所成的角大小为________．5.已知圆锥的母线长为，母线与轴的夹角为，则该圆锥的侧面积为________．6.二面角为，异面直线、分别垂直于、，则与所成角的大小是________．7.下列四个结论中假命题的序号是________．①垂直于同一直线的两条直线互相平行；②平行于同一直线的两直线平行；③若直线，，满足，，则；④若直线，是异面直线，则与，都相交的两条直线是异面直线．8.互不重合的三个平面可以把空间分成________个部分．9.已知四面体ABCD 中，2AB CD ==，E ，F 分别为BC ，AD 的中点，且异面直线AB 与CD 所成的角为3π，则EF =________．10.设地球半径为，若、两地均位于北纬，且两地所在纬度圈上的弧长为，则、之间的球面距离是________（结果用含有的代数式表示）11.已知三棱锥-，若，，两两互相垂直，且，D 为面ABC 上的动点，则PD 的最小值为________．12.已知正方体的棱长为，每条棱所在直线与平面所成的角都相等，则截此正方体所得截面面积的最大值为_______二.选择题（本大题满分20分）本大题共有4题，每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得5分，否则一律得零分.13.已知圆锥的底面半径是，且它的侧面展开图是半圆，则该圆锥的表面积是)A.2πB.3πC.4πD.5π2.《九章算术》中，称底面为矩形而有一侧棱垂直于底面的四棱锥为阳马，设是正六棱柱的一条侧棱，如图，若阳马以该正六棱柱的顶点为顶点、以为底面矩形的一边，则这样的阳马的个数是（）A.4B.8C.12D.163.已知不同的直线，，不同的平面，，则下列命题正确的是（）①若，，则②若，，则．③若，，则．④若，，，则A.②④B.②③C.③④D.①②4.如图，正方体的棱长为，，是线段上的两个动点，且，则下列结论错误的是（B）A.B.直线、所成的角为定值C.平面D.三棱锥的体积为定值三.解答题（本大题满分76分）17.（本题满分14分）第（1）题满分6分，第（2）题满分8分.如图，在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，已知4AB BC ==，18DD =，M 为棱11C D 的中点．（1）求四棱锥M ABCD -的体积；（2）求直线BM 与平面11BCC B 所成角的正切值．18.(本题满分14分）本题共2小题，第（1）题6分，第（2）题8分.如图,已知圆锥的侧面积为15π，底面半径OA 和OB 互相垂直，且3OA =，P 是母线BS 的中点.（1）求圆锥的体积；（2）求异面直线SO 与PA 所成角的大小（结果用反三角函数值表示）．19.(本题满分14分）本题共2小题，第（1）题6分，第（2）题8分.如图，某种水箱用的“浮球”，是由两个半球和一个圆柱筒组成．已知球的直径是，圆柱筒长．（1）这种“浮球”的体积是多少（结果精确到）？（2）要在这样个“浮球”表面涂一层胶质，如果每平方米需要涂胶克，共需胶多少？20.(本题满分16分）本题共2小题，第（1）题8分，第（2）题8分如图，在正四棱锥P ABCD -中，PA AB ==，E ，F 分别为PB ，PD 的中点．（1）求正四棱锥P ABCD -的全面积；（2）若平面AEF 与棱PC 交于点M ，求平面AEMF 与平面ABCD 所成锐二面角的大小（用反三角函数值表示）．21.(本题满分18分）本题共3小题，第（1）题4分，第（2）题6分，第（3）题8分.如图，侧棱垂直底面的三棱柱中，，，，是侧棱上的动点．（1）当时，求证：平面；（2）记三棱锥的体积求()v tt的最大值；（3）若二面角的平面角的余弦值为，试求实数的值．青浦一中2018-2019学年第二学期期中学业质量调研测试高二年级数学试卷参考答案一.填空题（本大题满分54分）本大题共有12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分,考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得分，否则一律得零分.1.直线与平面所成角的范围．0,2π⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦2.已知(1,4,2),(2,1,3)a b =-=- ，则a b +=．3.已知直线l 的一个方向向量(4,3,1)d = ，平面α的一个法向量(,3,5)n m =- ，且//l α，则m =．1-4.在正方体中，异面直线与所成的角大小为________．5.已知圆锥的母线长为，母线与轴的夹角为，则该圆锥的侧面积为________．6.二面角为，异面直线、分别垂直于、，则与所成角的大小是________．7.下列四个结论中假命题的序号是________．①垂直于同一直线的两条直线互相平行；②平行于同一直线的两直线平行；③若直线，，满足，，则；④若直线，是异面直线，则与，都相交的两条直线是异面直线．①④8.互不重合的三个平面可以把空间分成________个部分．4、6、7、89.已知四面体ABCD 中，2AB CD ==，E ，F 分别为BC ，AD 的中点，且异面直线AB 与CD 所成的角为3π，则EF =________．1或10.设地球半径为，若、两地均位于北纬，且两地所在纬度圈上的弧长为，则、之间的球面距离是________（结果用含有的代数式表示）11.已知三棱锥-，若，，两两互相垂直，且，D为面ABC上的动点，则PD的最小值为________．2 312.已知正方体的棱长为，每条棱所在直线与平面所成的角都相等，则截此正方体所得截面面积的最大值为_______.二.选择题（本大题满分20分）本大题共有4题，每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得5分，否则一律得零分.13.已知圆锥的底面半径是，且它的侧面展开图是半圆，则该圆锥的表面积是B)A.B.C.D.2.《九章算术》中，称底面为矩形而有一侧棱垂直于底面的四棱锥为阳马，设是正六棱柱的一条侧棱，如图，若阳马以该正六棱柱的顶点为顶点、以为底面矩形的一边，则这样的阳马的个数是（D）A.B.C.D.3.已知不同的直线，，不同的平面，，则下列命题正确的是（A）①若，，则②若，，则．③若，，则．④若，，，则A.②④B.②③C.③④D.①②4.如图，正方体的棱长为，，是线段上的两个动点，且，则下列结论错误的是（B ）A .B .直线、所成的角为定值C .平面D .三棱锥的体积为定值三.解答题（本大题满分76分）本大题共有5题，解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤.17.（本题满分14分）第（1）题满分6分，第（2）题满分8分.如图，在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，已知4AB BC ==，18DD =，M 为棱11C D 的中点．（1）求四棱锥M ABCD -的体积；（2）求直线BM 与平面11BCC B 所成角的正切值．（1）因为长方体1111ABCD A B C D -，所以点M 到平面ABCD 的距离就是18DD =，……2故四棱锥M ABCD -的体积为M ABCD V -=11128=33ABCD S DD ⋅⋅．……6（2）（如图）联结1BC ，BM ，因为长方体1111ABCD A B C D -，且11M C D ∈，所以1MC ⊥平面11BCC B ，故直线BM 与平面11BCC B 所成角就是1MBC ∠， (8)在1Rt MBC ∆中，由已知可得111122MC C D ==，22111145BC BB B C =+=，因此，111251045MC tan MBC BC ∠===，......12即直线BM 与平面11BCC B 所成角的正切值为510． (14)18.(本题满分14分）本题共2小题，第（1）题6分，第（2）题8分.如图,已知圆锥的侧面积为15π，底面半径OA 和OB 互相垂直，且3OA =，P 是母线BS 的中点.（1）求圆锥的体积；（2）求异面直线SO 与PA 所成角的大小（结果用反三角函数值表示）．（1）由题意，15OA SB ππ⋅⋅=得5BS =，……2分故2222534SO SB OB =-=-=……4分从而体积2211341233V OA SO πππ=⋅⋅=⨯⨯=.……6分（2）如图，取OB 中点H ，联结PH AH 、.由P 是SB 的中点知PH SO ∥，则APH ∠（或其补角）就是异面直线SO 与PA 所成角.……8分由SO ⊥平面OAB ⇒PH ⊥平面OAB ⇒PH AH ⊥.在OAH ∆中，由OA OB ⊥得352AH ==；……11分在Rt APH ∆中，90AHP O ∠=，122PH SB ==，352AH =，……12分则tan 4AH APH PH ∠==，所以异面直线SO 与PA 所成角的大小arctan 4…14分19.(本题满分14分）本题共2小题，第（1）题6分，第（2）题8分.如图，某种水箱用的“浮球”，是由两个半球和一个圆柱筒组成．已知球的直径是，圆柱筒长．（1）这种“浮球”的体积是多少（结果精确到）？（2）要在这样个“浮球”表面涂一层胶质，如果每平方米需要涂胶克，共需胶多少？解：（1）∵该“浮球”的圆柱筒直径，∴半球的直径也是，可得半径，∴两个半球的体积之和为………2而… (4)∴该“浮球”的体积是：……6（2）根据题意，上下两个半球的表面积是…......8而“浮球”的圆柱筒侧面积为： (10)∴个“浮球”的表面积为因此，个“浮球”的表面积的和为………12∵每平方米需要涂胶克，∴总共需要胶的质量为：（克） (14)20.(本题满分16分）本题共2小题，第（1）题8分，第（2）题8分如图，在正四棱锥P ABCD -中，22PA AB ==，E ，F 分别为PB ，PD 的中点．（1）求正四棱锥P ABCD -的全面积；（2）若平面AEF 与棱PC 交于点M ，求平面AEMF 与平面ABCD 所成锐二面角的大小（用反三角函数值表示）．解：（1）因为正四棱锥P ABCD -，取AB 中点G ，连接PG ，22PA AB == ，6PG ∴=， (2)21=(22)42268832S S S +=+⨯⨯⨯=+全底侧......8（2）连接AC ，连接BD ，记AC BD O = ，因为OA ，OB ，OP 两两互相垂直，如图建立空间直角坐标系O xyz -． (9)因为22PB AB ==，所以Rt Rt POB AOB ≅△△．所以2OA OP ==．所以(2,0,0)A ，(0,2,0)B ，(2,0,0)C -，(0,2,0)D -，(0,0,2)P ，(0,1,1)E ，(0,1,1)F -．所以(2,1,1)AE =- ，(2,1,1)AF =-- ． (11)设平面AEMF 的法向量为(,,)n x y z = ，所以0,0,n AE n AF ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩ 即20,20.x y z x y z -++=⎧⎨--+=⎩所以0y =．令1x =，2z =，所以(1,0,2)n = ．......14因为平面平面ABCD 的一个法向量为(0,0,1)m = (15)设m 与n 的夹角为ϕ，25cos 5m n m n ϕ⋅===⋅ 25arccos 5ϕ⇒=所以平面AEMF 与平面ABCD 所成锐二面角的大小是25arccos 5． (16)21.(本题满分18分）本题共3小题，第（1）题4分，第（2）题6分，第（3）题8分.如图，侧棱垂直底面的三棱柱中，，，，是侧棱上的动点．（1）当时，求证：平面；（2）记三棱锥的体积求()v t t的最大值；（3）若二面角的平面角的余弦值为，试求实数的值．【解答】（1）证法一：∵面，∴，．又∵，∴四边形是正方形，∴．…∵，，，平面，，∴平面．…又∵平面，∴．…∵，平面，，∴平面．…证法二：∵面，∴，．又∵，∴分别以，，所在直线为，，轴建立空间直角坐标系． (1)则，，，，，∴，∴∴． (3)又∵，平面，∴平面． (4)证法三：∵面，∴，．又∵，∴分别以，，所在直线为，，轴建立空间直角坐标系．…则，，，，，∴．设平面的法向量，则，解得．令，则，…∵，∴平面．…（2）解：∵平面，∴点到平面的距离等于点到平面的距离∴，……8于是2()1132v t t tt =-+当34t =时，max ()3[]16v t t =……10（3）解：分别以，，所在直线为，，轴建立空间直角坐标系．则，，，，，∴，，．…设平面的法向量，则110n AB tx ⋅== 解得，令，则． (12)设平面的法向量，则212(32)0n CC t Z ⋅=-= 由于，所以解得．令，则．……14设二面角的平面角为，则有．……16化简得，解得（舍去）或．……18所以当时，二面角的平面角的余弦值为。
2018-2019学年上海市青浦区高二下学期期末数学试题(解析版)
【点睛】
本小题主要考查空间点到面的距离，考查线面平行的判定，考查空间想象能力，属于基础题.
13．球的半径为 ，球的一个截面与球心的距离为 ，则截面的半径为______ ．
【答案】
【解析】利用勾股定理，计算出截面的半径.
【详解】
设球心为 ，截面圆心为 ，依题意， ，故 ，即截面的半径为 .
故答案为：
∴ ，
∵|w|≤|z|，
则68+4a+a2≤68，a2+4a≤0，﹣4≤a≤0，
所以，实数a的取值范围是：﹣4≤a≤0．
【点睛】
本题考查了复数的运算法则、共轭复数的定义、复数模的计算公式、一元二次不等式的解法，考查了计算能力，属于基础题．
18．如图，已知 是圆锥 的底面直径， 是底面圆心， ， ， 是母线 的中点， 是底面圆周上一点， ．
【点睛】
本小题主要考查球的截面半径的计算，属于基础题.
14．某微信群中甲、乙、丙、丁、戊五名成员先后抢4个不相同的红包，每人最多抢一个红包，且红包全被抢光，则甲乙两人都抢到红包的情况有________种
【答案】72
【解析】第一步甲乙抢到红包，有 种，第二步其余三人抢剩下的两个红包，有 种，所以甲乙两人都抢到红包的情况有 种。
故答案为：
【点睛】
本小题主要考查椭圆焦点的计算，考查根据抛物线的焦点计算抛物线方程，属于基础题.
12．正方体 的棱长为2， 是 的中点，则 到平面 的距离______．
【答案】
【解析】利用线面平行，将点 到平面 的距离，转化为 到平面 的距离来求解.
【详解】
由于 ，所以 平面 ，因此 到平面 的距离等于 到平面 的距离.连接 ，交点为 ，由于 ，所以 平面 ，所以 为所求点到面的距离，由正方形的性质可知 .
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青浦区 2018学年高二年级第二次学业质量调研测试生命科学试卷一、选择题1.下列为烟草花叶病毒具有的物质或结构是（）A. 细胞质B. 核糖核酸C. 磷脂D. 核糖体【答案】B【解析】【分析】病毒无细胞结构，由蛋白质和一种核酸组成。
【详解】烟草花叶病毒由蛋白质和RNA即核糖核酸构成，所以B正确，A、C、D错误。
2.检查某奶粉是否属合格的脱脂无糖（还原糖）奶粉，无需．．选取的试剂是A. 苏丹Ⅲ染液B. 龙胆紫溶液C. 双缩脲试剂D. 班氏试剂【答案】B【解析】苏丹Ⅲ染液用于鉴定脂肪，可以鉴定该奶粉是否脱脂，A错误；观察植物细胞的有丝分裂实验中，龙胆紫溶液可以将细胞核中的染色体染成紫色，该实验中无需使用，B正确；双缩脲试剂可以用于鉴定脱脂奶粉中的蛋白质含量是否合格，C错误；班氏试剂可以用于鉴定该奶粉中是否含有还原糖，D错误。
3.在紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞的失水和吸水实验中，显微镜下可依次观察到如图所示甲、乙、丙三种细胞状态。
下列叙述正确的是A. 由甲到乙需将低倍镜转换到高倍镜B. 甲、乙、丙不能在同一个细胞内依次发生C. 与甲相比，乙液泡内溶液浓度较低D. 由乙到丙的过程中需滴加清水引流【答案】D【解析】由甲到乙，由于细胞失水导致原生质层收缩，不需要将低倍镜转换到高倍镜，A项正确；由乙到丙发生了质壁分离复原，甲、乙、丙可以在同一个细胞内依次发生，B项错误；与甲相比，乙液泡内溶液浓度较高，C项错误；由乙到丙的过程中需滴加清水引流，D项正确。
4.图是某种物质通过细胞膜的示意图，从图中能得出（）A. 图中S代表载体，C代表离子B. 该物质跨膜方式是协助运输C. 该物质跨膜方式是主动转运D. 图中C是固定不变的【答案】C【解析】【分析】据图分析，S表示某种物质，C表示载体蛋白，S的跨膜运输需要能量和载体，属于主动运输。
主动运输可以将物质从低浓度一侧运向高浓度一侧，但不等于膜外一定是低浓度，膜内一定是高浓度。
【详解】A、从图象可知，图中S代表某种物质，C代表载体，A错误；B、C、该物质跨膜运输需要有载体和能量参与，属于主动运输B错误、C正确；D、图中C是载体蛋白，它不是固定不变的，而是随着脂质分子不停地运动，D错误。
【点睛】本题考查物质的跨膜运输，意在考查学生的了解细胞膜的流动性，理解主动运输的条件，属于中档题。
5.使用显微镜目镜测微尺在低倍镜10×下测量变形虫，测得虫体长占10格，转换高倍镜40×后虫体所占格数为（）A. 5格B. 10格C. 20格D. 40格【答案】D【解析】【分析】物像放大的倍数是物镜放大倍数与目镜放大倍数的乘积，放大倍数越大，目镜测微尺每格代表的长度越小。
【详解】低倍镜10×转换高倍镜40×后，物像放大四倍，目镜测微尺每格所代表的虫体长度缩小四倍。
所以在低倍镜10×下测量变形虫，测得虫体长占10格，转换高倍镜40×后虫体所占格数为40格。
故D正确，A、B、C错误。
【点睛】本题的知识点是物像放大倍数的计算，物像放大倍数与目镜测微尺每格代表的长度的关系，对于相关知识点的了解是解题的关键．6.基因型为AaBb的马铃薯要得到基因型为aabb的后代，可采用的生殖方式是A. 分裂生殖B. 出芽生殖C. 营养繁殖D. 有性生殖【答案】D【解析】【分析】基因型为AaBb的马铃薯通过自交的方法子代即可出现aabb。
【详解】分裂生殖的子代细胞基因型与亲本相同，所以用分裂生殖的方式不能得到aabb的个体，A 错误；出芽生殖和营养繁殖均为无性生殖，可保持亲本的优良性状，不能得到aabb的个体，BC错误；AaBb在有性生殖过程中可产生ab的雌配子和ab雄配子，雌雄配子结合可形成aabb的个体，D正确。
故选D。
7.某种植物细胞减数分裂过程中先后出现了如图甲乙丙丁的几个特定时期。
下列叙述正确的是（）A. 图甲中，细胞的同源染色体之间会发生联会B. 图乙中，姐妹染色单体分离形成染色体C. 图丙中，染色体的复制正在进行，着丝粒尚未分裂D. 图丁中，细胞的同源染色体分离，染色体数目减半【答案】A【解析】【分析】分析题图：图示为植物细胞减数分裂过程中几个特定时期的显微照片，甲图处于减数第一次分裂前期，同源染色体配对；乙图染色体移向细胞两极，且有同源染色体，细胞处于减数第一次分裂后期；丙图表示减数一次分裂末期；丁图中不含同源染色体，着丝点一分为二，细胞处于减数第二次分裂后期。
【详解】A、图甲中，染色质缩短变粗形成染色体，处于减数第一次分裂前期，同源染色体之间会发生联会，A正确；B、图乙细胞处于减数第一次分裂后期，此时同源染染色体分离，非同源染色体自由组合，B错误；C、图丙中，形成新的核膜，产生两个子细胞，处于减数一次分裂末期，此时细胞不进行染色体的复制，C错误；D、图丁处于减数第二次分裂后期，此时没有同源染色体，而是原为姐妹染色单体的子染色体在分离，D错误。
【点睛】本题结合细胞分裂图，考查细胞的减数分裂，要求考生识记细胞减数分裂不同时期的特点，掌握减数分裂过程中染色体行为和数目变化规律，能准确判断图中各细胞所处的时期，再结合所学的知识准确判断各选项。
8.图4所示为来自同一人体的两种细胞，造成这两种细胞结构和功能不同的根本原因是（）A. 核中DNA碱基排列顺序不同B. 蛋白质种类和数量不同C. 信使RNA不同D. 转运RNA不同【答案】C【解析】【分析】细胞分化：（1）细胞分化是指在个体发育中，由一个或一种细胞增殖产生的后代，在形态，结构和生理功能上发生稳定性差异的过程。
（2）细胞分化的特点：普遍性、稳定性、不可逆性。
（3）细胞分化的实质：基因的选择性表达。
（4）细胞分化结果：使细胞的种类增多，功能趋于专门化。
【详解】由题意知：同一人体神经细胞与肝细胞的形态结构和功能不同，是细胞分化的结果。
据分析，两种细胞细胞核中DNA碱基排列顺序相同，基因选择性表达，所以信使RNA不同，蛋白质种类和数量不同，但转运RNA相同，根本原因为信使RNA不同。
因此，C正确，A、B、D错误。
9.图表示某酶的作用模式图。
下列叙述错误的是（）A. 该酶的基本组成单位是氨基酸B. 该酶的基本组成单位是核糖核苷酸C. 催化过程中有氢键的形成D. 催化过程中有氢键的断开【答案】A【解析】【分析】酶是具有催化作用的一类有机物，绝大多数是蛋白质，少数为RNA。
【详解】具体图可知：该酶能与底物RNA碱基互补配对，所以该酶的化学本质为RNA，所以其基本组成单位为核糖核苷酸，A错误，B正确。
催化过程中酶和底物先形成双链区，然后解开双链，所以既有氢键的形成，也有氢键的断开。
10.人体骨骼肌细胞可发生“葡萄糖→丙酮酸→Q”的反应，则可以代表产物Q的物质是（）A. 氧气B. 乳酸C. 酒精D. 尿素【答案】B【解析】【分析】人体骨骼肌细胞进行有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸的总反应式：（1）在有氧条件下，反应式如下：C6H12O6+6H2O+6O2→6CO2+12H2O+能量；（2）在无氧条件下，反应式如下：C6H12O6→2C3H6O3+能量。
【详解】有氧呼吸与无氧呼吸第一阶段都产生丙酮酸，据分析平静状态人体细胞进行有氧呼吸，最终产物为二氧化碳和水。
剧烈运动时，人体细胞进行有氧和无氧呼吸，最终产物包括乳酸、二氧化碳和水。
故B正确，A、C、D错误。
【点睛】本题的知识点是人体不同状态下细胞呼吸的方式，无氧呼吸的产物，有氧呼吸过程中氧气的消耗量与二氧化碳产生量的关系，分析题干明确人体无氧呼吸的产物是解题的关键。
11.将沾有5%HCl溶液的小纸片贴于去除皮肤的脊蛙脚趾后，正常情况下曲腿反射反射弧的传入神经元电位变化情况为（）A. 变为外负内正的动作电位B. 变为外正内负的动作电位C. 仍为外负内正的静息电位D. 仍为外正内负的静息电位【答案】D【解析】【分析】神经调节的基本方式是反射，反射活动的结构基础称为反射弧，反射弧由感受器、传入神经、神经中枢、传出神经和效应器五个部分组成。
反射必须通过反射弧来完成，缺少任何一个环节反射活动都不能完成。
【详解】曲腿反射的感受器位于脚趾皮肤，题中所述脊蛙去除了皮肤，反射弧不完整，据分析，反射必须经过完整的反射弧，因此该种情况下不会产生反射，传入神经元仍为外正内负的静息电位。
故D 正确，A、B、C错误。
【点睛】解答此类题目的关键是理解掌握反射必须通过反射弧来完成，缺少任何一个环节反射活动都不能完成。
12.某研究小组探究生长素类似物对植物插枝生根作用的实验结果记录如下表，已知0<a<b，则下列关于c的推测不合理的是（）A. 3.6B. 3.9C. 4.6D. 4.9【答案】A【解析】【分析】生长素类似物对植物插枝生根作用具有两重性，即低浓度促进，高浓度抑制。
【详解】题中与对照组相比较，b浓度为抑制作用，而a<b，据分析可知，a可能存在三种生理作用：①促进作用，C、D正确；②既不促进也不抑制，B正确；③抑制作用，但由于a<b，所以3.7<c<3.9，A错误。
13.现有一种治疗晚期急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）的新型疗法，即通过基因工程对患者的T细胞进行改造，使其能够识别并摧毁ALL细胞达到治疗效果。
该免疫疗法属于（）A. 细胞免疫B. 体液免疫C. 天然免疫D. 人工免疫【答案】A【解析】【分析】体液免疫和细胞免疫的区别：1、源头不同：体液免疫源头是B细胞，细胞免疫源头是T细胞。
2、作用物质或细胞不同：体液免疫的作用物质是特异性抗体，细胞免疫的是效应T细胞。
3、作用对象不同：体液免疫的作用对象是侵入内环境中的抗原，细胞免疫的作用对象是被抗原侵入的宿主细胞(即靶细胞)或体内异常细胞。
【详解】分析题意， ALL细胞是体内异常细胞，通过基因工程改造后的T细胞将其摧毁并识别，因此该免疫疗法属于细胞免疫。
故A正确， B、C、 D错误。
14.科学家将家蚕常染色体上带有卵色基因的片段移接到性染色体上，导致发育成雌蚕与雄蚕的卵颜色有所区别，以便性别筛选。
此方法涉及的变异类型是（）A. 基因突变B. 基因重组C. 染色体易位D. 染色体倒位【答案】C【解析】分析】可遗传变异的来源包括：基因突变、基因重组和染色体变异。
染色体结构变异又包括缺失、重复、倒位、易位四种情况。
【详解】据题意分析，家蚕常染色体上的片段移接到了性染色体上，属于染色体结构变异中的易位。
故C正确， A、B、 D错误。
15.某地区甲虫的抗药性如图所示，据图判断（）A. 农药引起了原始甲虫的变异B. 原始甲虫发生了定向变异C. 抗药强的甲虫发生了进化D. 农药对甲虫的抗药性状进行了选择【答案】D【解析】【分析】根据达尔文进化理论，生物在过度繁殖过程中发生了各种变异，其中有的变异适应环境，有的变异则不适应环境，它们在生存过程中，生活环境对这些变异类型进行了定向选择，保留了适应环境的变异个体，淘汰不适应环境的变异个体。