Class AAA Solar Simulator -Data sheet in Chinese
USEFUL WORDS
pə'ræmɪtə® 'prəʊtɑn fəutəuvɔl'teik pɔli'kristəlain
prəub 'fɔsfərəs
peɪst
'spektrəl 'spektrəm 'sɪrɪəl ʃʌnt] semikən'dʌktə 'spektrəm
'simjuleitə 'sʌbstreit ˈstrindʒənt 'səudiəm 'spʌtəriŋ ˈstə:di
haidrəflu:'ɔrik
'sɪlɪkɑn /-kən ‘ɪngət 'ɪntɪgrətɪd ɪ'reɪdɪəns ɪn'tensətɪ
氢氟酸的 硅, 硅元素 锭, 铸块 综合的; 完整的 发光; 灿烂; 光辉 强度, 紧张的程度; 能量; 感情度; 极度; 深沉; 发光, 辐照, 光辉 冲突; 干涉 国际部 异丙基
音标
(æljʊ'mɪnjəm)
翻译
铝, 一种金属
ɔ:təmæti'zeiʃən ə'mɔːfəs 'æsɪd 'ælkəlaɪn 'eθ ɪl 'ælkəhɒl ætəm ænai'sɔtrəpizəm ænəudaiz ə'brʌpt ə'mɔːfəs
自动化 减反射膜 无定形的; 无组织的; 非结晶形的; 乱七八糟的 酸性；尖酸刻薄的;酸性的;敏锐的;讽刺的 碱的; 碱性的; 含碱的；碱性 乙基; 四乙铅 酒精; 含酒精饮料; 醇; 酒 原子; 一点儿, 微量; 微小物 各向异性(非均质性) 电镀 突然的; 鲁莽的; 意外的; 陡峭的 无定形的; 无组织的; 非结晶形的; 乱七八糟的 减反射膜 广告部 吸收, 全神贯注, 合并
PV Standards – Testing
Topic
1. Over view 2. Failure statistics and pictures 3. Tests instruction 4. Conclusion
TÜV SÜD Division Industry Services
IS-G/vi
Slide 1
Overview: Reference standard
61215
61730
broken, cracked, or torn external surfaces; bent or misaligned external surfaces, including superstrates, substrates, frames and junction boxes to the extent that the safety of the module would be impaired; bubbles or delaminations forming a continuous path between any part of the electrical circuit and the edge of the module, or which exhibited significant growth during the testing and would, if testing were continued, reach such a condition; evidence of any molten or burned encapsulant, back sheet, diode or active PV component; loss of mechanical integrity to the extent that the safety of the installation and operation of the module would be impaired; markings not complying with Clause 12 of IEC 61730-1.
太阳模拟器下的温度系数测试_
背板的温度极差分布情况。
“四点测温”代表样品温度是由图 2 所示的 4 个热电
偶所测温度的平均值来表示的，即按新版温度系数
5
4.5
第 1 次测试
测试对温度的要求进行处理。
4
第 2 次测试
比较表 2 中“单点测温”和“四点测温”所得
第 3 次测试
3.5
到的两组温度系数，可以看出，两组数据的一致性
温度极差 /℃
10
10
8
8
6
6
电流 /A 电流 /A
4
4
2
2
0 0 10 20 30 40
电压 /V
0 0 10 20 30 40
电压 /V
(a) 位置调整前 (b) 位置调整后 图 3 测组件在稳态模拟器下的 I-V 曲线
从表 1 中相对标准差来看，电流温度系数 α 的 波动很大，为 33.875%，β 和 γ 相对较小。这一方面 是由于电流温度系数 α 本身的绝对值较小，容易导 致较大的相对误差。另一方面，硅太阳能电池的短 路电流与光强呈线性关系。测试过程中虽然对样品 的位置进行了调整，但不可能大幅改变样品表面光 的辐照不均匀性和不稳定度（整个测试期间，监测 点光强在 1 049 ~ 1 115 W/m2 之间波动），加上样品
第3次
0.063%
0.052%
52%
0.053%
-0.336%
-0.340%
-0.336%
-0.326%
-0.342%
-0.334%
-0.438%
-0.444%
-0.439%
-0.425%
-0.448%
-0.436%
平均值 0.056% 0.056% -0.337% -0.334% -0.440% -0.436%
钻井词汇(必修)
一、井场设备Equipment on wellsite1 天车 crown2 井架 mast(derrick)3 井架摇臂 cat-line boom4二层台 rackingplatform(monkey-board)5 大绳 drilling line6 游车 traveling block7 大钩 hook8 水龙头 swivel9 水龙带 rotary hose10 立管 standpipe11 绞车（钻机） drawworks12 司钻操作台 driller`s control13 钻杆盒 pipe slacking block14 钻台 drillfloor15 转盘 rotary table16 井架底座 substruture17 封井器总成 blowout preventer stack18 钻台偏房 dog house19 节流管汇 choke manifold20 防喷管线点火头 gas flare21 泥气分离器 mud gas separator22 振动筛 shale shaker23 除气器 degassser24 除砂器 desander25 清洁器 mud cleaner26 离心机 centrifuge27 潜底式泥浆枪 mud guns(bottom type)28 泥浆搅拌器 mud agitators29 泥浆缸 mud tanks30 泥浆药品储备罐 mud sackstorage31 泥浆泥合漏斗 mud mixinghopper32 配泥泵 mud mixing pumps33 泥浆泵 mud pumps34 空气包 pulsation dampeners35 泥浆泵排水软管（短水龙带）shockhoses36 高压管线 mud discharge line37 刹车水罐 brake water tank38 起钻灌泥浆小罐 trip tank39 架空槽（管） mud return line40 泥浆实验室 mud lab41 钻井水罐 drilling water tank42 可控硅房 S.C.R. House43 电缆排 cable tray44 电缆梯（架） cable elevator45 柴油机与发电机 engine&generators46 柴油机与压风机 engine&aircompressors47 配电房 parts storage48 封井器控制台 B.O.P.closingunit49 钳工房 work shop50 泵配件房 pump parts storage51 燃料罐 fuel tank52 乘人电梯 personnel elevator53 大绳架 wire line stand54 大门前跑道 catwalks55 钻杆架 pipe racks提升系统一、天车crown block1 天车 crown block 、crown pulley2 天车台 crown's net 、crownplatform3 天车滑轮 crown sheaves 、crownpulley4 天车滑轮组 cluster sheaves5 天车梁 crownblock beam6 防碰天车 crownblock protector 、crownblock saver7 天车安全台 crownblock plateform二、游动滑车-大钩travelingblock-hook1 游动滑车 traveling block 、travelingsheave2 大钩 hook3 大钩载荷 hook load4 大钩额定载荷 hook load rating5 大钩提升速度 hook speed6 大钩悬重 hook weight7 小钩子 hooklet8 钩上 hook up 、hook on9 大钩悬挂高度 hook height10 卸钩 hook off旋转系统三、钻机Drawworks1 钻机 drilling rig 、drowworks、drilling machine2 司钻操作台 driller's console 、drillercontrol cabinet3 刹把 brake lever、brake crank、brake handle、brake bar4 刹带 brake strap5 刹车凡尔 brake valve6 刹车鼓 brake rim、brake drum7 刹车片 brake block8 刹车液 brake fluid9 刹车轴 brake axle10 刹车功率 brake power11 刹车气缸 brake cylinder12 刹车踏板brake pedal13 刹车总成 brake assembly14 刹带钢圈 brake band15 刹带平衡器 brake equalizer16 水刹车 hydraulic brake17 猫头 cat head18 猫头绳 cat (head) line19 猫头绳小钩 cat hook20 猫头绳滑车 cat line sheave21 猫头轴 cat shaft22 绞车 drawworks23 绞车功率 drawworks horspower24 绞车上的进尺传感器 drawworkssensor四、转盘与水龙头table and swivel1 转盘 rotary table 、turntable、rotary2 转速 rotary speed 、rotationalvelocity、revotion rate3 转盘台 rotating turret4 转盘扭矩表rotary torque indicator5 转速比 ratio of revolution6 转速表 revolution counter、tachometer7 转动方向 rotation direction8 转矩常数 torque constant9 转盘大方瓦 master bushing10 转盘排挡 rotary speeds11 转盘卡瓦 rotary slips12 转盘大梁 rotary support frame13 转盘变速器 rotary tramsmission14 转盘链条护罩 rotary drive guard15 转盘转速指示器 rotary speed indicator16 转盘底座 rotary base17 转盘传动链条 rotary chain18 方补心 rotary drive bushing19 转矩 rotary moment20 转动 rotary motion rotacion21 水龙头 swivel22 水龙头吊环 swivel bail23 水龙头外壳 swivel body24 水龙头吊环防喷器 swivel bumper25 鹅颈管 swivel gooseneck26 冲管 washpipe27 水龙头接头 swivel joint (sub)28 水龙头中心管 swivel stem29 冲管旋转接头 wash pipe swivel 循环系统一、泥浆泵Mud pump1 泥浆泵 mud(slush) pump2 泥浆泵液力端 mud end of thepump3 （口语）泥浆泵 mud hog4 泥浆软管 mud hose5 泵房 mud house、pump room6 泥浆管线 mud line7 泥浆泵软管 mud pump hose8 泥浆泵配浆装置 mud pumpmixer9 泥浆泵压力波动 mud pumppulse10 泥浆泵振动压mud pump shockpressure11 泥浆泵拖车 mud pump trailer12 泥浆泵凡尔 mud pump valve13 泥浆泵安全凡尔 mud reliefvalve14 泥浆泵上水管 mud suctionhose15 泥浆泵拉杆 mud pump rod16 泥浆泵动力端 mud pump powerend17 泥浆泵排出端 discharge end ofpump18 泥浆泵吸入端 suction end ofpump19 泥浆泵排水软管 mud dischargehose20 泥浆泵拉杆盘根 packing ring21 泥浆泵拉杆盘根盒 packingbox22 凡尔座 valve seat23 凡尔体 valve body24 缸套 pump cylinder、pump liner25 活塞 piston piston26 密封圈 rubber seal、sealing ring27 缸盖 cylinder cover(head、lid)28 空气包 air chamber29 空气包气囊 air balloon30 泵体 pump body31 泵箱 pump box32 泵外壳 pump case33 泵的单流凡尔 pump checkvalve34 泵排量 pump discharge、pumpdisplacement35 泵效率 pump efficiency36 泵基础 pump foundation37 泵头 pump head38 泵吸入高度 pump lift、pump suctionhead39 泵负载 pump load40 泵排出管线 pump main41 泵抽空 pump off42 泵过滤器 pump strainer43 泵冲程 pump stroke44 上水凡尔 suction valve45 凡尔座取出器 valve seat puller二、钻井液Drilling fluid1 泥浆 mud、drilling fluid2 泥浆挡板 mud baffle3 泥浆比重称 mud balance4 泥浆储存箱 mud bin5 泥浆结构 mud body6 泥饼桥 mud bridges7 泥饼 mud cake8 泥饼校正 mud cake correction9 泥饼效应 mud cake effect10 泥饼电阻率 mud cakeresistivity11 每分钟泥浆流量加仑数 mudcirculation gallons per minute12 泥浆柱 mud column13 泥浆处理剂 mud conditioner14 泥浆电导率 mud conductivity15 泥浆性能控制 mud control16 泥浆杯 mud cup17 泥浆密度 mud density18 除砂器 mud desander19 泥浆槽 mud ditch、mud flume20 泥浆防漏纤维屑 mud fiber21 泥浆滤液 mud filtrate22 泥浆流 mud flow23 泥浆枪 mud gun24 泥浆（口语） mud laden fluid25 泥浆净化槽 mud launder26 泥浆管线 mud line27 结泥饼 mud lining28 泥浆录井图 mud log29 泥浆录井 mud logging30 泥浆漏失 mud loss31 井漏探测器 mud-lossinstrument32 造浆岩层 mud making formation33 泥浆搅拌器 mud mixer34 泥封 mud off35 泥浆池 mud pit36 泥浆站 mud plant37 泥浆压力计 mud pressure indicator38 泥浆设计 mud program39 泥浆回收 mud reclamation40 泥浆记录 mud record41 泥饼圈 mud ring42 泥浆试样 mud sample43 泥浆比重计 mud scale44 泥浆筛 mud screen45 泥浆分离器 mud separator46 泥浆沉淀池 mud setting sump47 振动筛 mud shaker48 捞砂筒 mud socket49 泥浆稳定性 mud stability50 泥浆流 mud stream51 泥浆罐 mud tank52 泥浆增稠剂 mud thickeners53 泥浆减稠剂 mud thinner54 泥浆比重 mud weight55 泥浆比重天平 mud weight balance56 泥浆比重指示计 mud weight indicator57 泥浆粘度 mud viscosity58 水基泥浆 water-base mud 59 水基混油泥浆 water-base oilemulsion mud60 油包水乳化液 water-in-oilemulsion61 失水量 water loss62 淡水泥浆 water mud63 初切力 gel initial64 静切力 gel of mud65 PH值 PH-value66 PH值记录仪 PH-recorder67 PH值测定计 PH-meter68 含盐量 salt content69 含盐的 salt bearing70 含水的 water bearing71 含砂量 sand content72 盐水泥浆 salt mud73 盐水 salt water、salty water74 盐水基泥浆 salt water basemud75 含盐泥浆 salty mud76 盐析 salting-out动力传动系统一、传动箱（变速箱）Transmission gearbox1 传动箱 gear box、gear case2 换档 gear change3 换低档 gear down4 齿轮传动 gear drive5 齿轮润滑油 gear grease6 齿轮增速器 gear increaser7 齿轮输入轴 gear input shaft8 齿轮传动马达 gear motor9 齿轮油 gear oil10 齿轮输出轴 gear output shaft11 齿轮泵 gear pump12 齿条 gear rack13 传动比 gear ratio14 齿轮减速器 gear reductionunit15 齿轮轴 gear shaft16 换档 gear shifting17 齿轮牙齿 gear teeth18 增速 gear up19 大齿轮 gear wheel20 加速器 accelerator二、柴油机Engines1 柴油机 diesel engine2 柴油 diesel engine fuel、dieseloil oil diesel (diesel oil)3 柴油塞 diesel-oil plug4 柴油耗量 diesel comsumption5 柴油指数 diesel index6 柴油机爆震 diesel knock7 柴油添加剂 diesel fuel additives、diesel-dope8 柴油发电机组 diesel electric set9 引擎 engine motor10 柴油机底座 engine bed11 柴油机本体 engine body12 柴油机泵组 engine and pumpassembly13 柴油机功率 engine capacity14 柴油机气缸 engine cylinder15 柴油机驱动 engine drive16 柴油机防冻液 engine-antifreeze17 柴油机故障 engine failure18 发动机燃料 enginefuel combustible de motor19 柴油机房 engine house、engineshed20 柴油机活塞 engine piston21 柴油机引擎 engine primer22 柴油机皮带轮 engine pulley23 粗柴油 engine solar oil24 柴油机减速器 engine speedreducer25 柴油机支架 engine support26 柴油机并车 engine compound27 调速器 speed regulator、governor28 调温器 thermosistor29 调压阀 pressure-regulatingvalve30 调节滑阀 regulating slidevalve31 调节螺母 adjusting nut32 调节螺栓 adjusting bolt33 调节螺丝 adjusting screw、regulating screw34 调节液 regulating solution35 调节系统 adjusting factor36 调平系统 leveling system37 调平液缸 leveling cylinder38 调速杆 governor lever39 调节范围 adjusting range40 调温冷却器 trim cooler41 风扇 blowing fan、fan42 风扇皮带 fan belt43 固定螺丝 hold-down screw、retaining screw44 固定管板式换热器 fixed tube-sheet exchanger45 气门 valve46 气室 chamber47 气缸垫 head gasket48 气缸盖 cylinder head49 气缸套 cylinder liner50 气缸体 cylinder block51 汽化器 carburetor52 高压泵 high-pressure pump53 高级汽油 high-quality gasoline54 高速柴油机 high-speed engine55 高速机械油 high-speed machine oil56 空气滤子 air filter57 柴油滤子 diesel oil filter58 机油滤子 lubricating oil filter59 油杯 lubricating cup、oil bowl、oil cup60 黄油枪 lubricating gun61 黄油嘴 lubricating nipple62 加油孔 lubrication hole63 加油器 lubricator64 油泵 oil pump65 油尺 dipstick66 油封 oil blanket、oil seal67 油壶 oilcan、oiler、oilpot 68 油环 oil ring、scraper ring、oilrim69 油底壳 oil pan70 油马达 oil motor71 排气阀 air bleeding valve、exhaustvalve72 排气管 blast pipe、exhaust pipe73 排气孔 air vent hole74 排气冲程 exhaust stroke75 排气旋塞 blow cock76 进气管 admission pipe77 水泵 water pump78 散热器 radiator井控装备一、防喷系统BOP system1 井控（防喷） blowout control2 防喷设备 blowout controlequipment3 防喷装置 blowout hookup4 失控喷油井 blowout oil well5 防喷塞 blowout plug6 防喷器 blowout preventer7 防喷四通 spool8 三级密封式防喷器 blowoutpreventer of three stage packer type9 防喷器升高短节 blowout-preventerriser10 防喷器组 blowout preventerunit(stack)11 防喷措施 blowout preventionprocedure12 井喷模拟器 blowout simulator13 环行闸门（万能） annular ram14 半封闸门 pipe ram15 盲板（全封） blind ram16 剪切闸板 shear ram17 液压阀 hydraulic valve18 节流管汇 choke-line manifold19 节流压力 choke pressure20 控制台 control condole21 远程控制台 remote controlconsole22 泥气分离器 gas buster(poorboy)23 除气器 degasser24 方钻杆下旋塞 upper Kelly cock25 方钻杆上旋塞 lower Kelly cock常用工具一、井口工具well head tools1 方补心 kelly bushings2 垫叉 elevator bushings3 滚子方补心 roller type kellybushings4 卡瓦 slip5 安全卡瓦 safety slips6 吊卡 elevator7 吊钳 tongs8 液压大钳 hydraulic tong9 旋扣器 spinner10 旋绳器 spinner11 旋链 spinning chain12 旋绳 spinning rope(line)13 链钳 chain tongs(chainwrench)14 管钳 pipe tongs(pipe spanner)15 方瓦钩子 bushing(tool)hook16 钻杆钩子 drill pipe hoolet二、手工具Hand Tools1 手钳 combination pliers2 扳手 wrench(spanner)3 螺丝刀 screwdriver4 锉刀 file lima5 扁铲 flat chisel6 钢锯 hacksaw sierra7 榔头 club hammer(sledgehammer)8 刮刀 scraper9 手斧 hatchets10 套管扳手 box spanner11 麻花钻 twist drill12 手木钻 gimlet13 玻璃刀 glass cutter14 园顶锤 ball-peen hammer15 羊角锤 claw hammer16 十字螺丝刀 phillips screwdriver17 丁字镐 pick18 梅花扳手（套换扳手） ringspanner19 剪刀 scissors20 试电笔螺丝刀 electricalscrewdrivers21 开口扳手 open-ended spanner22 扭矩扳手 torque wrench安全Safety1 安全允许应力 safe allowable stress2 安全区 safe area3 安全空气环境 safe atmosphere4 安全承载 safe bearing load5 安全浓度 safe concentration6 安全保管 safe custody7 安全距离 safe distance8 安全点火地带 safe fire zone9 护罩（安全措施） safeguard10 保护位 safeguard bit11 保护措施 safeguard clause12 安全处理规程 safeguard procedures13 安全规则 safe-handling procedure14 安全传热 safe rules15 妥善保护 safe heat transfer16 安全限度 safekeeping17 安全限制 safe level18 安全载重 safe limit19 安全操作 safe load20 安全技术 safe operation21 （不出砂的）安全产量 safe practice22 安全可靠性 safe reliability23 安全应力 safe stress24 安全报警器 safety alarm device25 安全分析技术 safety analysis technique26 保险装置 safety apparatus27 防护用具 safety appliance28 安全制动 safety arrestment29 保险带 safety belt30 安全放泄阀 safety bleedervalve31 架工安全操作台 safety board32 安全箱 safety box33 保险刹车 safety brake34 安全旁通管 safety by-pass35 保险索 safety cable36 安全帽 safety cap37 安全档 safety catch38 安全证书 safety certificate39 安全链 safety chain40 安全检查器 safety checker41 安全卡子 safety clamp42 安全间隙 safety clearance43 安全离合器 safety clutch44 安全规程 safety code45 安全系数 safety coefficient46 安全色标 safety color47 安全控制头 safety controlhead48 安全连接器 safety coupling49 安全熔断器 safety cut out50 安全检测器 safety detector51 安全雷管 safety detonator52 安全设备 safety equipment53 安全评价 safety evaluation54 安全排气管 safety exhaust55 安全系数 safety factor56 安全性能 safety feature57 安全照明灯 safety flare58 保险丝 safety fuse59 保险齿轮（档） safety gear60 安全玻璃 safety glass61 护目镜 safety goggles62 安全接地 safety ground63 安全接地装置 safety groundingdevice64 安全带 safety harness65 安全帽 safety hat(helmet)66 安全起重机 safety hoist67 安全大钩 safety hook68 安全生产 safety in production69 安全检查员 safety inspector70 安全接头 safety joint71 安全梯 safety ladder72 安全灯 safety lamp73 保险销 safety latch74 安全液面 safety level75 安全照明 safety lighting76 保险绳套 safety link77 安全琐销 safety locking pin78 安全琐线 safety lockwire79 安全储备（余额）safety margin80 安全措施 safety measures81 安全网 safety net82 安全标志 safety notice83 保险螺帽 safety nut84 安全作业区 safety operationarea85 安全销 safety pin86 安全预防措施 safetyprecaution87 安全计划 safety program88 安全记录 safety record89 安全守则 safety regulation90 断路继电器 safety relay91 安全泄电器 safety relief valve92 保险绳 safety rope93 安全罩 safety screen94 安全密封封隔器 safety sealpacker95 安全传感器 safety sensor96 安全止动螺钉 safety set screw97 安全剪切接头 safety shearsub98 安全鞋 safety shoes99 安全隔断阀 safety shutdownvalve100 安全滑车 safety slide101 安全卡瓦 safety slip102 安全卡盘 safety stirrup103 安全库存量 safety stock104 安全限位档块 safety step105 安全带safety-strap106 保险开关 safety switch107 安全技术 safety technique108 安全阀门座 safety valve seat109 安全阀 safety valve110 安全电压 safety voltage111 安全垫圈 safety washer112 安全重量 safety weight113 安全工作压力 safety working pressure114 额定安全工作压力值 safety working pressure rating一、套管Casing1 套管 casing2 套管附件 casing accessories3 下套管的井 cased borehole4 下套管完井 cased hole completion5 全部下套管的井 cased through well6 下套管 case in7 套管异径接头 casing adapter8 套管锚 casing anchor9 套管环空 casing annulus10 下套管工具 casing appliances11 下套管地层 casing-bearing formation12 套管打捞筒 casing bowl13 套管桥塞 casing bridge plug14 套管弯曲 casing buckling15 扶正器 casing centralizer16 回压凡尔 casing check valve17 套管卡子 casing clamps18 套管挤坏 casing collapse19 套管接箍 casing collar20 套管接箍测定器casing collar location21 测套管接箍 casing collar log22 套管连接 casing connection23 套管腐蚀监casing corrosion monitoring24 套管联接器 casing coupling25 套管割刀 casing cutter26 套管割刀震击器 casing cutterjar27 套管割刀加力器 casing cuttersinker28 套管损伤 casing damage29 套管变形 casing deformation30 套管深度 casing depth31 套管打捞矛 casing dog32 套管整形器 casing drift swage33 砸套管护帽 casing drive head34 砸击套管鞋 casing drive shoe35 套管吊卡 casing elevator36 套管损伤 casing failure37 套管配件 casing fitting38 回压凡尔 casing float39 套管鞋 casing float shoe40 套管丝扣规 casing gauge41 套管钢级 casing grade42 引鞋 casing guide shoe43 套管悬挂器 casing hanger44 套管附件 casing hardware45 套管头 casing head46 套管头内卡瓦座 casing headbowl47 套管头压力 casing headpressure48 套管头四通 casing head spool49 套管头挤水泥 casing headsqueeze50 套管与井壁环空 casing-holeannulus51 套管大钩 casing hook52 套管缺陷 casing imperfection53 套管探伤 casing inspection54 检查套管测井 casing inspectionlog55 下套管 casing installation56 套管千斤顶 casing jack57 下套管作业 casing job58 一节套管 casing joint59 套管割刀 casing knife60 联顶节 casing landing61 套管漏 casing leak62 裸眼完井 casingless-completion63 胀管器 casing mandrel64 套管铣鞋 casing mill65 套管磨铣工具 casing millingtool66 套管短节 casing nipple67 套管封隔器 casing packer68 套管修补 casing patch69 套管补孔器 casing patch tool70 套管射孔器 casing perforator71 套管鞋深度 casing point72 套管紧扣杆 casing pole73 套压 casing pressure74 套管试压 casing pressure test75 套管程序 casing programme76 套管护箍 casing protector77 刮管器 casing scraper78 套管母扣护丝 casing screwhead79 套管公扣护丝 casing screwprotector80 套管密封件 casing seal81 套管铣刀 casing section mill82 套管下入深度 casing settingdepth83 割套管 casing severing84 套管侧钻 casing side tracking85 套管尺寸 casing size86 套管卡瓦 casing slip87 套管捞矛 casing spear88 套管卡盘式吊卡 casing spider89 套管裂纹 casing split90 套管割刀 casing splitter91 入井第一节套管 casing starter92 套管粘卡 casing sticking93 套管柱 casing string94 套管柱设计 casing stringdesign95 套管异径接头 casing sub96 套管悬挂器 casing suspender97 胀管器 casing swage98 套管旋转头 casing swivel99 捞套管公锥 casing tape100 套管测试器 casing tester101 套管螺纹 casing threads102 套管井壁环空 casing-to-holeannulus103 套管容积 casing volume104 管壁 casing wall105 套管磨损 casing wear106 套管造斜器 casing whipstock 107 拔套管 casing withdrawal 108 套管重量 casing wt、casing weight二、钻柱drilling string1 钻头 bit(rock bit)2 配合接头 cross-over sub3 减振器 bumpers(shock absorber)4 随钻打捞杯 drilling junk basket5 无磁钻铤 Monel drill collar ,Non-maganetic6 钻铤 drill collar7 扶正器 stabilizer estabilizador8 螺旋钻艇 spiral drill collar9 随钻震击器 drilling jar10 柔性短节 flex joint11 加重钻杆 heavy wall drillpipe(HWDP)12 钻杆 drill pipe13 回压凡尔 back pressure valve14 方保接头 kelly sub(save sub)15 方钻杆 kelly16 方入 kelly-in(kelly-down)17 方余 kelly-up18 正扣 right band thread19 反扣 left hand thread20 母接头 tool joint box21 公接头 tool joint pin22 单根 single23 双根 double 24 立柱 stand(thrible) columna、三、复杂情况与事故Trouble andaccidents1 跳钻 rough drilling(bouncing ofdrilling tool)2 憋钻 bit bouncing3 溜钻 drilling string not well braked4 顿钻 percussion drill5 打倒车 reverse rotation(running)6 井斜 hole deviation(inclination)7 纠斜 correct drift8 填井 plug-back9 打水泥塞 cementing plug10 侧钻 cidetracking11 井漏 lost circulation12 井塌 slough(cace-in)13 井涌 kick14 井喷 blowout15 卡钻 stuck(sticking)16 粘卡 differential sticking(wallsticking)17 键槽卡钻 key-seating sticking18 砂桥卡钻 sand bridge sticking19 沉砂卡钻 sand settling sticking20 遇阻 touchdown(touchingresistance)21 遇卡 touch sticking22 对扣 make-up(stab)23 造扣 thread making24 倒扣 back-off25 拔活塞 pulling a piston26 打捞 fishing27 解卡剂 releasing stuck agent(pipelax)28 泡解卡剂 black magic to soak withblack magic29 爆破松扣 break outing pack ofdynamite30 化学切割器 chemical cutter31 钻头泥包 bit balling (balling up ofa bit)32 卡点 free point33 扭断 to twist-off34 挤水泥 squeeze cementing35 解卡 unfreezing，releasing stuck四、钻井人员Drilling Personnel1 总裁 president2 总经理 general manager3 钻井监督 drilling supervisor4 钻井工程师 drilling engineer5 泥浆工程师 mud engineer6 定向井工程师 directionalengineer7 机械师 mechanical engineer8 电器工程师 electric engineer9 钻井队长 toolpusher10 钻井技术员 drilling technician11 工长 foreman12 司机长 principal engineman13 司钻 driller14 司机 engine(motor)man15 司助 assistant motorman16 发电工 generator keeper17 井架工 derrickman18 内外钳工 floorman19 场地工 roustabout20 泥浆工 mudman(mudboy)21 地质工 geo-sampler22 炊事员 cook23 服务员 attendant24 副总裁 vice president25 副经理 deputy manager26 副司钻 assistant driller27 汽车司机 driver28 库房保管员 storekeeper29 安全员 security official30 成本会计员 cost accountant31 材料员 material handler, man32 会计员 accountant33 话务员 operator34 翻译 interpreter35 总工程师 chief engineer36 主任工程师 principal engineer37 总会计师 general accountant38 总地质师 general geologist39 总设计师 chief designer40 董事长 chairman41 平台经理 Rig manager42 作业监督 operation supervisor43 机械监督mechanic supervisor44 电器监督 electrical supervisor45 设备监督 equipment supervisor46 安全监督 safety supervisor47 环境监督 environmental inspector48 钻工 floor men 五、常用钻井词汇Useful Words of Drilling1 钻井 drill(make hole)2 可钻性 drillability3 可钻碎的 drillable4 可钻式尾管悬挂器 drillable liner5 可钻式封隔器 drillable packer6 可钻式永久封隔器 drillable permanent packer7 继续钻井 drill ahead8 钻柱组合 drillstring combinations9 钻头 drill bit10 钻头行程 drill bit run11 钻井钢丝绳 drill cable12 钻铤 drill collar13 钻铤环空 drill collar annulus14 钻铤水眼 drill collar bore15 钻铤弯曲度 drill collar curvature16 钻铤应力减轻槽 drill collar groove17 钻铤提升短节 drill collar lifting nipple18 钻铤扶正器 drill collar stabilizer19 钻铤刚度 drill collar stiffness20 取心井 drill core sample hole21 钻井队 drilling crew22 岩屑 drill cuttings(solids)23 已钻区 drilled area24 水泥碎屑 drilled cement25 干钻 drilled dry26 已钻进尺 drilled footage27 钻头切削刀 drill edge 28 已钻通的 drilled in29 钻入桩脚 drilled pile30 钻探储量 drilled reserves31 钻进显示 drilled show32 完钻井 drilled well33 司钻 driller34 钻机台月 driller-month35 司钻控制台 driller's console36 司钻小型控制台 driller's controlcabinet37 司钻记录 driller's log38 司钻法（压井） driller's method39 司钻监视器 driller's monitor40 司钻（平）台 driller station41 钻井班报表 driller reporter42 钻头打捞器 drill extractor43 钻台 drill floor44 钻井液 drill fluid45 钻井进尺 drill footage46 钻头离开井底空转 drill free47 钻头规 drill gauge48 井眼 drill hole49 井口返出泥浆 drill-hole returns50 井距 drill-hole spacing51 测井斜 drill-hole survey52 打开生产井 drill-in53 下套管后再开井 drilling ahead54 钻井分析 drilling analyticalwork55 钻头 drilling bit56 钻探井租地 drilling block57 钻进中放空 drilling break58 钻机能力 drilling capacity59 钻井扶正器 drilling centralizer60 钻井用粘土 drilling clay61 完井作业 drilling completionoperation62 完井方案 drilling completionprogram63 钻井条件 drilling condition64 钻井合同 drilling contract65 钻井成本 drilling cost66 钻杆接箍 drilling coupling67 钻井队 drilling crew68 岩屑 drilling cuttings69 钻井周期 drilling cycle70 钻井污染区 drilling damagezone71 钻井数据库 drilling data base72 钻井工作量 drilling effort73 钻井工程师 drilling engineer74 钻井工程（学） drillingengineering75 钻井工程录井仪 drillingengineering data logging unit76 钻井设备 drilling equipment77 钻井开支 drilling expenditure78 钻井经验 drilling experience79 钻井专家 drilling expert80 循环系统 circulating system81 净化系统 drilling system82 进尺 drilling footage83 钻井队长 drilling foreman84 水龙带 drilling hose85 钻井人员 drilling implementer86 压力平衡钻进 drilling-in-balance87 钻井仪表 drilling instrument88 钻进井段 drilling interval89 钻井楼层 drilling invasionzone90 随钻震击器 drilling jar91 钻井记录表 drilling journey92 钻井大绳 drilling line93 尾管 drilling liner94 尾管固井 drilling linercementing95 大绳滚筒 drilling line reel96 尾管悬挂器 drilling linerhanger97 钻压 drilling load98 钻进录井 drilling log99 双腿井架 drilling mast100 钻速方程 drilling model101 钻进监控系统 drilling monitorsystem102 泥浆 drilling mud103 钻井作业 drilling operation104 钻井经营者 drilling operator105 优化钻井 drilling optimization106 钻水泥塞 drilling out107 钻井设备 drilling outfit108 钻井参数 drilling parameter109 钻井优化参数 drilling parameteroptimization110 井位布置 drilling pattern111 钻井人员 drilling people112 钻井许可权 drilling permit113 钻井阶段 drilling phase114 钻井平台 drilling platform115 钻井实践（作业） drilling practice116 钻井预报 drilling prediction117 钻井泵压 drilling pressure118 钻井程序 drilling program119 钻井进度 drilling progress120 钻井研究开发部 drilling R andD121 钻速Rate of Penetration , drilling rate122 钻速方程 drilling rate model123 行程钻速 drilling rate of a trip 124 钻速记录仪 drilling rate recorder125 钻井记录 drilling record126 钻井船 drilling ship(vessel)127 钻井模拟器 drilling simulator 128 井场 drilling site129 钻井专家 drilling specialist130 钻速 drilling speed131 防喷器下的四通 drilling spool 132 钻柱 drilling stem(string)133 钻柱扶正器 drilling string stabilizer 134 钻井总监 drilling superintendent135 钻井监督 drilling supervisor136 钻井技术 drillingtechnique(tech)137 钻井技术员 drilling technician 138 钻井工艺 drilling technology 139 钻井供应船 drilling tender 140 钻井时间 drilling time141 钻时记录 drilling time log 142 钻速记录仪 drilling time recorder143 钻至设计井深 drilling to completion144 钻具 drilling tool钻井英语缩写AbbreviationDP drill pipe 钻杆DC drill collar 钻铤SMDC short (pony) magnetic drill collar 短无磁钻铤PDM positive displacement motor 螺杆NMDC nonmagnetic drill collar 无磁钻铤（钻具）BOP blowout preventer 封井器XO cross-over 配合接头IF internal flush 内平REG regular 正规EU external upset 外加厚IEU internal & external upset 内外加厚WOB weight on bit 钻压SPM strokes per minute 冲程每分钟ECD equivalent circulating density 当量泥浆密度MT metric ton 公制吨DST drill stem test 钻具测试STDS stands 立柱WL water loss 失水YP yield point 屈服值TVD total vertical depth 垂深TD total depth 总井深DIR direction 定向DEV deviation 井斜ID inside-diameter 外径PPG pounds per gallon （密度）每加仑磅PSI pounds per square inch每平方英寸磅HTHP high temperature highpressure 高温高压LCM lost circulation material堵漏剂API American petroleuminstitute 美国石油协会IADC International associationdrilling contractor 国际钻井承包商CNPC China national petroleumcompany 中国石油天然气总公司P/N part number 零件型号N/W net weight 净重P/U pick up 吊起L/D lay down 甩开N/D nipple down 卸开WOC wait on cement 侯凝WOO wait on order 等指令DR drilling 钻进WOW wait on water 等水SX sacks 大袋CBU circulate bottoms up 循环一周MWD measurement while drilling 随钻测量HWDP heavy weight drill pipe 加重钻杆STB stabilizer 钻杆扶正器CSG casing 套管JNT joint 单根FH full hole 贯眼IU Internal upset 内加厚OH open hole 裸眼RPM revolutions per minute 转速分钟BHA bottom hole assembly 底部钻具组合KS key seat 键槽VIS viscosity 粘度PV plastic viscosity 塑性粘度FL filtrate loss 滤失MD measured depth 测量井深KOP kick off point 造斜点AZM azimuth 方位ROP rate of penetration 机械钻速FTG footage 进尺SGL single 单根AD assistant driller 副司钻S/N serial number 系列号G/W gross weight 毛重M/U make up 接上N/U nipple up 接上R/U rig up 安装RIH run in hole 下钻POOH pull out of hole 起钻RM reaming 扩眼（划眼）TOF top of fish 鱼顶MW mud weight 泥浆密度TOH trip out of hole 起钻KSW key seat wiper 键槽清洁器。
电气工程专业英语词汇10万(T后面)
TT (absolute temperature) 绝对温度T (temperature) 温度T (tesla) 特[斯拉](磁通密度单位)TA (task analysis) 任务分析TA (thermal analysis) 热分析TA (transmission adapter) 传输转接器tab 调整片tabacosis 烟尘肺，烟末沉着病table 工作台，平板，架tableau 表table base register 表基址寄存器table-driven compiler (语法规则)表格控制的编译程序table feeder 圆盘式给煤机table look-up 一览表(指令)，查表，差表table-look-up instruction 查表指令table of limits 公差表table salt 食盐table simulation 表模拟table simulator 算表模拟程序tables of equipment 设备表tablet 片剂；小块；图形输入板table tap 台用插头，台用分接头tablet coating 压片涂层table top computer 台式计算机，桌上计算机TABSIM (table simulation) 表模拟tabular 平板[状]的，薄层的，表格式的，表列的，表[格]，表值，表，表格tabular calculation 表格计算法tabular display 表格显示[器]tabular language 列表语言，表列语言tabular sequence control 列表时序控制器tabular values 表[列]值tabular values of Bessel function 贝塞尔函数值表tabulate 制表tabulated solution 表解tabulated value 表列值tabulating card 卡片tabulating equipment 卡片设备，卡片系统tabulating machine 制表机tabulating system 制表系统tabulation 制表tabulation character 制表字符tabulator 制表机TAC (time-to amplitude converter) 时间幅度变换器TAC (transistored automatic control) 晶体管自动控制器TAC (turbine automatic control) 涡轮机自动控制TACH (tachometer) 转速表tacheometer 速度计，流速计；准距仪，视距仪tacho- (词头)速[度]tacho-alternator 测速[同步]发电机tachodynamo 测速发电机tachogenerator 测速发电机，转速发电机tachograph 转速记录器，转速图表，旋转[图]表，转速表，速度记录器tachometer 转速表，转速计，流速计tachometer generator 测速发电机，转速传感器tachometer sender 测速发送机tachometer stabilized system 转速计的稳定系统tachometric relay 转速继电器tachometry 测速，转速测定法tachoscope 手提转速计tacit agreement 默契tacit consent 默示同意，默许tacking (hole) 紧钉[孔]tackle 滑车，索具tackling system 起重系统，起吊系统tack weld 定位焊[缝]；固定焊；定位点焊；平头焊tack welding 定位焊，点[固]焊；点固TACT (transistor and component tester) 晶体管及元件测试仪tactron 冷阴极充气管tact system 流水作业TAD (telemetry analog to digital information converter) 遥测模拟／数字信息转换器TAD/P (terminal area distribution processing) 终端区域分布处理tag 标签，特征，电缆终端[接头]；标志，签条TAG (Technical Advisory Group) 技术顾问团(美国)tag block 标记端子排，标签接线板tag-end 末端tagged atom 示踪原子tagged particle 示踪颗粒tag marking 特征记号tag system 特征系统tag wire 终端线tail 尾，末端，尾随脉冲，引线(电子管)，尾部，引线，延长失真的符号；尾料，贫料tail channel 尾水渠(水电站的)tail effect 尾端效应tail end (核燃料后处理)尾端tail-end booster 线路末端升压器tail end process 尾端过程tail end treatment 尾端处理tail gas 尾气，废气tail-heating surface 尾部受热面tailing 拖尾，跟踪，延长失真的符号；衰减尾部tailings 富选残余物，尾渣；底渣，残渣；蒸馏残渣tailing turbine 后置式汽轮机tail of the peak 峰尾tail-of-wave 波尾tail-of-wave impulse test voltage 闪络试验波尾电压，冲击试验波尾电压tailor-made motor 定制的电动机，专用电动机tailrace [水电厂的]尾水渠tails assay (农缩装置)尾料分析，尾气分析；尾料丰度tail-sharpening inductor 后沿锐化线圈tail(s)stream 尾料流，废料流tail-up 拉紧装置，收紧轮tail-up on a rope 拉紧装置，收紧绳索tail water 废水；尾液tailwind 顺风tail wire 尾端线，出线Tainton method 高电流密度锌电解法take account of 考虑take action 着手take advantage of 利用take a holiday 休假take a risk 冒险take a step 采取措施take back 收回take back goods 退货take charge of 负责take delivery of goods 收货take down 拆卸；降下，压下take effect 生效take effect from(on) 自……开始生效take effective measures 采取有效措施take exception to 提出异议take from alongside 船边取货take in 装入take into account 考虑，入帐take legal action 起诉take measures 采取措施taken as final and binding upon 对……均有最终约束力taken over by 由……接管(接收)take-off 取走，移去，起飞，发射，输出功率take-off line 引出管take-off pipe 放出管，放水管，排出管take-off point 引出点，分支点take-off the line 解列take on new order 接受新订单take-or-pay agreement 或取或付协议take out a patent for 得到……的专利权take out a policy 投保take out of service 停止使用takeover (电厂)验收takeover certificate (电厂)验收合格证书take overhead 从(塔)顶取出，从顶接收take part with 与……合作take precautionary measures against ... 采取措施以防止……take remedial action 采取补救措施take steps 采取措施take the advantage of 利用take the floor 参加讨论take the form of 取……形式take-up 卷线装置，张紧装置；拉紧，缠绕take up a bill 付清款项以收回票据taking of steam 抽汽takktron 辉光放电高压整流器taktron 冷阴极充气二极管talbe 无线电应答装置talk-back circuit 联络电路，内部对讲电路，回话电路talk-listen button 通话按钮talk-listen switch 通话开关talk position 通话位置talk-ring key 呼叫通话两用键tall(-form) beaker 高形烧杯tall chimney 高烟囱tall stack 高烟囱tall stack source 高烟囱(污染)源tally 计算，结算，总计，标签，筹码，运算tally order 作总结指令；结算指令tally sheet 计数纸tamped backfill 回填土夯实tamped cinder 炉渣夯实tamper 夯土机tamper resistant 无掺杂的，抗干扰的tandem 串联[布置]的，单轴的，串联的，串联，纵列，前后排列，纵列的tandem arrangement 纵列装置，串联装置tandem blade 串列式叶片tandem central office 中心转接站tandem-completing trunk 转接中继线tandem compound turbine 单轴[多缸]汽轮机；纵联复式汽轮机，串联双轴汽轮机；单轴[系]汽轮机tandem-compound turbogenerator 串联双轴汽轮发电机tandem connection 串联tandem control 串联控制tandem double-flow turbine 单轴双排汽汽轮机tandem engine 串列式发动机tandem generators [两个范·德·格里夫]起电器串联tandem-junction solar cell 串结太阳能电池tandem knife switch 级联刀闸开关tandem mirror experiment 串列磁镜试验tandem mirror fusion-fission hybrid 串列磁镜聚变裂变混合堆tandem mirror reactor 串级磁镜反应堆tandem motor 双[电]枢电动机，级联电动机tandem office 中继局，转接局tandem road roller 两轮压路机tandem selection 中继选择，转接选择tandem sequence submerged arc welding 纵列多丝埋弧焊tandem switch 汇接中继机键tandem transistor 双晶体三极管tandem turbine 单轴汽轮机tandem type pump 串联式水泵tandem wound coil 纵列线圈tangency condition 相切条件tangent 切线，正切的，切线的，正切tangent galvanometer 正切电流计tangential 切线的，切向的，切面的；切线，正切tangential acceleration 切向加速度tangential admission 切向引进，切向进入tangential approach principle 切线进场法tangential approximation method 切线逼近法tangential beam tube 切向(中子)束管道tangential blade spacing 叶片栅距tangential bracing 切向加强筋tangential burner 角式燃烧器，角式喷燃器tangential channel 切向孔道tangential component 切向分量，切向部分tangential corner firing 切向四角喷燃tangential couple 切向力偶tangential deformation 切向变形tangential dimension 切向尺寸tangential discharge 切向放电tangential fan 贯流式通风机tangential firing 切向燃烧，切圆燃烧tangential flow 切向流动；切向流tangential flow stream turbine 切向回流式汽轮机tangential flow turbine 切击式水轮机，冲击式水轮机tangential force 切向力tangential force coefficient [叶片]切向力系数tangential gradient probe 切向梯度探头tangential key 切向键tangential keying 切向键tangential keyway 切向键槽tangential line 切线tangentially fired boiler 切向燃烧锅炉tangentially fired combustion chamber 切向燃烧炉膛，有角式喷燃器的炉膛tangentially fired furnace 角式燃烧炉膛tangential motion 切向运动tangential nozzle 切向接管tangential out-of-phase (叶片)切向异相位(振动)tangential partial turbine 切向非整周进水式水轮机tangential shearing stress 切向剪应力tangential stiffness matrix 正切刚度矩阵tangential strain 切向应变tangential stress 切向应力tangential stress in flange 法兰切向应力tangential thrust 切向推力tangential turbine 切击式水轮机，冲击式水轮机tangential velocity 切向速度tangential velocity distribution 切向速度分布tangential wave 切向波tangential wheel 切击式水轮机(叶轮机)，冲击式水轮机tangent key 切向键tangent line 切线tangent method 切线法tangent modulus martrix 正切模量矩阵tangent modulus of elasticity 弹性正切模量tangent of helix angle 导程角正切，螺旋角正切tangent of the loss angle (电容器的)损耗角正切tangent pitch tube furnace 密排管炉膛(无间隙)，切[接]管炉膛tangent plane 切面tangent scale 正切标度；正切尺tangent tower 直线塔(输电线的)tangent tube construction 密排管结构(无间隙)，切[接]管结构tangent tube wall 密排管水冷壁(无间隙)，切[接]管水冷壁tangent wedge 切向槽楔tangent welding 多级平行弧焊Tango 通信中用于代表字母t的词，变压器(商品名)tank 槽，水箱，油箱；振荡回路；储能回路；柜；(储能)电路；容器；震荡电路；罐tankage 容积，容量，箱容量；燃料箱，燃料仓；容器储存，储槽；槽路电容tank base 箱底tank block 玻璃浴池耐火砖；箱座tank boiler 火管锅炉，箱式锅炉tank bottom heater 箱底加热器tank cap 箱盖tank capacitor 槽路电容器，振荡回路电容器tank circuit 谐振电路，槽路tank cooler 油箱冷却器tank cover 箱盖tanker 油箱，油罐；加油车，油轮；救火车tank farm 废物罐场地，(油)罐场tank furnace 浴槽炉tank gauge 液位计tanking 装入油箱(变压器)tanking clearance 油箱侧壁与器身间的距离(变压器)tank level indicator 箱液面指示器tank life 槽液寿命tank railway car 油槽车tank reactor 罐式反应堆tank retention 桶(罐)内贮存tank sender 液面信号发送器tank sheet 槽用钢板tank strainer 水柜滤器tank surge 调压井涌浪tank test 水箱试验tank trailer 油槽拖车tank transformer 油冷变压器，油箱式变压器tank truck 槽车tank-type circuit breaker 箱式断路器tank-type reactor 箱式[反应]堆tank voltage 槽电压tank wagon 油罐车，油槽车tannic acid 丹宁酸；鞣酸tannin 丹宁，丹宁酸tanning bleach 硬化漂白tantalate 钽酸盐tantalum 钽(Ta)tantalum absorber 钽吸收剂tantalum capacitor 钽电容器tantalum lamp 钽丝灯tantalum rectifier 钽整流器tantamount 同等的，相等的，等值的，同义的，等价的tap (液态排渣炉)排渣；抽头；分接头，分支；螺丝攻；塞，龙头；丝锥；开发tap adjuster 分接头调整装置，分接头切换开关(变压器)tap-change operation 分接变换(操作)；分接头换接(变压器)tap changer 抽头换接开关，分接头换接位置tap-change transformer 有分接头切换的变压器tap changing 抽头切换，分接头切换tap changing apparatus 分接头切换装置，分接开关(变压器)tap changing arrangement 分接开关(变压器)tap changing device 抽头转换装置tap changing switch 分接开关(变压器的)tap-changing transformer 抽头接换变压器tap-drill 螺孔钻，螺纹底孔钻tape 钢卷尺，磁带，带，卷尺tap each face blind (法兰)每面盲孔攻丝tape alternation 磁带交替切换tape armour 钢带铠装tape-armoured cable 钢带铠装电缆tape bootstrap routine 带引导程序tape comparator 带比测器tape control 磁带控制tape control unit 磁带控制单元，带控装置tape covering 带包绝缘层tape data family 带数据族taped insulation 带[绕]绝缘tape drive 磁带驱动器tape drum 带鼓tape duplicator 磁带复制机tape editor 磁带编辑程序tape feed 纸带馈送，磁带卷盘，拖带机构tape file 磁(纸)带外存储器tape handler 卷带机tape handling unit 带处理装置tape identification unit 带标识器tape insulated coil 带绝缘线圈tape insulation 带绝缘，带绕绝缘tape label 磁带标号tape layer 扁绕tape layout 带设计；带配置tape leader 带首，带头，引导带tape limit 带限[制]tapeline 钢卷尺，卷尺tape-loop storage 环形带存储器tape loosing 磁带松弛tape machine 自动收报机，磁带录音机tape mark 磁带标记tape marker 磁带始端标记，磁带终端标记，磁带标记tape measure 卷尺，皮尺，带尺tape mechanism 卷带机构tape memory 磁带存储器tape merge 带合并tape operating system 带操作系统，磁带操作系统tape oriented system 面向磁带系统tape parity 带奇偶[校验]tape plotting system 磁带绘图系统tape pool 磁带组tape preparation unit 带准备装置tape preventive maintenance 带预防维护tape printer 带式打印机，纸条印刷电报机tape probe 磁带探头tape-processing simultaneity 带同时处理tape punch 纸带穿孔tape puncher 纸带穿孔机taper 锥形，锥体；锥度；楔销，拔销taper bit 锥形绞刀taper bridge reamer 锥桥形绞刀taper cone 圆锥taper dowel 锥销tape read and write library 带读写库tape reader 读带机(计算机)，带读出器tape reading 带读数tape recorder 磁带记录器，磁带录音机tape recording 磁带记录tapered 锥形的tapered aeration 渐减曝气tapered beam 楔形梁tapered bed 锥形床tapered bit 带锥形接头的钻头tapered blade 变截面叶片；锥形叶片tapered-body pole 梯形极tapered cascade 锥形级联tapered center-column rotameter 带有锥形芯柱的转子流量计tapered chimney 锥形烟囱tapered cowl 锥形风帽tapered deep-bar squirrel-cage rotor 楔形深导条笼型转子tapered downcomer 斜降液管，斜降液板tapered draft tube 锥形尾水管tapered-land thrust bearing 斜面式推力轴承tapered line 阻抗递变线路tapered-overhang winding 锥端绕组tapered plug 圆锥形插塞tapered plug valve 锥塞阀tapered potentiometer 非线性电位差计，非线性电势计tapered reamer 锥形扩孔器，锥形绞刀tapered ring seal 锥形环密封垫tapered slide valve 锥形滑阀tapered slot 斜槽，斜沟，梯形槽tapered tube rotameter 带有锥形管柱的转子流量计tapered wedge 斜楔tapered winding 圆锥形线圈tape reel 磁带盘，色带盘，带圈(计算机的)tapering wedge 斜楔taper-loaded cable 端部负载逐渐变小的电缆，锥型负载电缆taper pipe 缩节；异径管taper-seat 锥形座taper-seat valve 锥形座阀taper wedge 斜楔tape search unit 带搜索单元tape selection unit 带选装置tape skip 跳带指令tape station 磁带机，纸带机tape storage 磁带存储器，纸带存储器tape-stored 磁带存储的tape-to-card 从带到卡片tape-to-card converter 纸带到卡片的转换器tape-to-tape conversion 带-带转换tape transmitter-distributer 带发送分配器，读带机(计算机的)tape unit 磁带机，纸带机tape width 磁带宽度，纸带宽度tape-wound 带绕的tape-wound core 带绕磁心tap field control 分段励磁电动机速度控制tap-field motor 有分段励磁绕组的电动机taphole 出口，出渣口taping machine 包带机(线圈的)tap line 分接线路tap off 分接tapped 抽头的；分接的；带向分接头的，带分接头的tapped actuator 偏心轮执行机构tapped air 抽出[的]空气tapped air-gap reactor 分段气隙电抗器tapped coil 多[接]头线圈，抽头线圈tapped control 分接头控制tapped delay line 抽头延迟线tapped inductor 抽头感应线圈，多头感应线圈tapped line 支线，抽头线，多抽头线路tapped potentiometer 带有抽头的电势计tapped-potentiometer function generator 抽头电势计式函数发生器tapped stator winding 抽头定子绕组tapped transformer 抽头式变压器tapped-tuned circuit 抽头调谐电路tapped variable inductor 可抽头式感应线圈tapped-winding 分组线圈，多抽头绕组tapper 字母打印设备的键；电报键；轻击锤tappered HP rating 分级功率(调速直流电动机)tappet 挺杆，推杆；随行件tappet clearance 挺杆间隙，阀杆与阀座间的间隙tappet drum 凸轮鼓tappet gear 挺杆传动装置tappet roller 止推辊；推杆滚柱tappet shaft 凸轮轴tappet switch 制动开关(带导轮的开关)tapping 抽头，分接头，分接，分支；分流；攻丝；泄放，出渣；开孔tapping adjuster 分接开关调节器(变压器的)tapping attachment 攻丝装置，攻丝夹头tapping bar 出渣通道的手柄tapping breast 放流口泥塞；风口铁套tapping changing mechanism 分接开关调节机构(变压器的)tapping contactor 分接接触器tapping current 分接电流tapping factor 分接系数tapping hole 排渣孔tapping point 引出点；分接头；(汽轮机的)抽汽口，抽汽点；分支点，抽头点tapping power 分接容量tapping quantities 分接量tapping range 分接头调节范围(变压器的)tapping ratio 总匝数与抽头匝数之比(变压器)tapping screw 自攻螺钉tapping screw thread 自攻螺纹tapping-selector drum switch 鼓形分接头选择开关tapping slag 排渣tapping spout 出渣口tapping step 分接级(变压器的)tapping switch 分接开关(变压器的)tapping temperature 出炉温度tapping voltage 分接电压tap pipe 泄水管tap position indicator 分接头位置指示器tap position information 分接头位置信息tap selector 分接头选择器，分接开关tap switch 分线开关tap the furnace bottom 排除炉底熔渣tap voltage 抽头电压，分接头电压tap water 自来水tar 柏油，沥青；柏油；焦油TAR (track address register) 磁道地址寄存器tar asphalt 焦油沥青tar cracking 焦油裂化tare 皮重TARE (transistor analysis recording equipment) 晶体管分析记录设备tared filter 配衡过滤器tare gross 皮重tare-load ratio 自重-载重比tar epoxy paint 柏油环氧漆tare weight 皮重tar from lignite 褐煤焦油target 中间电极(电子管)；对阴极(X射线管中的靶子)；防蚀板；靶，目标，(继电器动作)指示标志；甩水挡板target acquisition 目标显示，目标捕获target area 目标区域target burn-up 目标燃耗(辐照)target computer 特定程序计算机，结果程序计算机target cut off voltage 靶截止电压(摄像管)target date 预定日期target flow 目标流量，指定流量；预定流量，规定流量target flowmeter 靶式流量计target homing 目标自动接近target image 目标图象target irradiation 目标燃耗(辐照)target language 目标语言，译成语言target load 目标负荷target machine 目标机，靶机target material 靶材料；靶材，靶物target nucleus 靶核target plane 靶面target price 目标价格target program 目标语言组成的程序target purchased price 标定买价target return method 资本报酬率定价法target search 目标检索target-speed responder 特定速响应仪target speed setter 目标转速给定装置target tissue 靶组织target tracking beam 目标跟踪射束target variable 目标变量target ward 目标字tariff 价目表；关税；关税表；费；关税率tarmac 铺地用沥青tar-macadam 铺地用沥青tarnish 生锈；锈；污点tarnish film 锈膜，氧化膜taroil 煤焦油TARP (terminal area real-time program) 终端区实时程序TARP (test and repair processor) 测试修复处理机tar pollution 焦油污染tarring number 焦(油)化值tarring value 焦(油)化值tarry 柏油的；涂柏油的tarry hemp fiber 沥表麻丝tarry valve 调时阀，定时阀tar sand 焦油砂tar still 焦油蒸馏釜tartaric acid 酒石酸，二羟基丁二酸[C4H6O6]tartaric acid solution 酒石酸溶液TAS (terminal address selector) 终端地址选择器TAS (test and set) 测试与置位TASC (tabular sequence control) 列表时序控制器TASC (terminal area sequence and control) 终端区时序控制tasimeter (用电气装置计算温度和湿度变化的)微压计task 工作，任务，作业，派给工作task abnormal exit routine 任务异常出口程序task analysis 任务分析task attribute 任务属性task condition 任务状态task control block 任务控制块task descriptor 任务描述符，任务描述信息，状态矢量task detach 任务清除，任务终止task dispatcher 任务调度(程序)task execution memory 任务执行存储器task family 任务族task force 任务强制转移，特别任务tasking [计算机系统中的]任务分配task management 任务管理(计算机软件)task memorandum 任务备忘录task schedule 任务调度task scheduler 任务调度程序task unit 任务单位，任务单元TASS (technique assembly) 装配工艺taste 味道T-attenuator T衰减器，T形接法阻尼器taut band 紧带(仪表的游丝)，发条tautology 重言式(人工智能用语)taut strip suspended 紧带悬挂的tax 税taxable item 税目tax concession 税收优惠tax exemption 免税tax on 征税taxonomy 分类学tax stamp 纳税印花Taylor buildup factor 泰勒积累因子Taylor connection 泰勒接线法，T形接线法Taylor expansion 泰勒展开Taylor form 泰勒表达式Taylor number 泰勒数；泰勒(准则)数Taylor's approximation 泰勒近似法Taylor series 泰勒级数Taylor's series 泰勒级数Taylor standard screen 泰勒标准筛TB (technical bulletin) 技术通报TB (terminal board) 端子板，终端板TB (thermal balance) 热平衡T-bank position control loop 温度控制组位置调节控制回路T-bar 丁字钢TBC (turbine by-pass control system) 汽机旁路控制系统TBE (time base error) 时基误差TBFP (turbo boiler feed pump) 汽动给水泵TBO (time between overhaul) 大修间隔T-bolt T形螺栓TBP (turbine by-pass) 汽轮机旁路TBP-Hexone process 磷酸三丁酯异已酮法(溶剂萃取浓缩铀过程)TBP-23 process 磷酸三丁酯23法(从辐照钍中提取233U，与Thorex流程类似但不回收Th)TBP-25 process 磷酸三丁酯25法；高浓缩铀普雷春斯法(从辐照农缩铀燃料中回收纯化235U的过程) TBR (table base register) 表基址寄存器TBS(tetrapropylenebenzene sulfonate) 四丙烯苯磺酸盐；表面活性剂TC (technical characteristic) 技术性能TC(Technical Committee) 技术委员会TC (technical control) 技术控制T.C.(temperature coefficient) 温度系数TC (temperature compensating) 温度补偿TC (temperature controller) 温度控制器TC (thermal couple) 热电偶TC (thermocouple) 热电偶，温差电偶TC (transmission controller) 发送控制器TC (turbine-compressor) 透平-压气机组TC (turbocharged) 涡轮增压的，透平增压的TCA (Thermal Critical Assembly) 热中子临界装置TCAM (telecommunication access method) 电信存取法TCB (task control block) 任务控制块TCC (television control center) 电视控制中心TCDF (tandem compound doubleflow) 单轴双排汽TCE (total composite error) 总合成误差TCE (transmission control element) 传输控制部件TCIC (total capital investment cost) 总基建投资，总基建费T-circuit T形电路，T形网络TCL (transistor-coupled logic) 晶体管耦合逻辑TCM (terminal-to-computer multiplexer) 终端-计算机多路转换器TCO (trunk cut-off) 干线切断TCP (transmission control protocol) 传输控制协议TCR (transfer control register) 传送控制寄存器TCS (terminal control system) 终端控制系统TCS (thermal control system) 热控制系统TCSF (tandem-compound singleflow) 单轴单排汽TCSL (transistor current steering logic) 晶体管电流导引逻辑TCTL (transistor-coupled transistor logic) 晶体管耦合晶体管逻辑TCU (temperature control unit) 温度控制装置TCW (time code word) 时间代码字TCWG (telecommunication working group) 电信工作组TD (drainage tube) 排水管TD (technical data) 技术数据TD (temperature difference) 温差TD (terminal difference) 端差TD (time delay) 时滞，时间延迟T&D (transmission and distribution) 传输与分配，输电和配电，输配电TD (transmitter distributor) 发射机配电器TD (tunnel diode) 隧道二极管TD (turbine direct) 透平直径驱动TD (turbine drive) 透平驱动TD-BFP (turbine drive boiler feed pump) 汽动给水泵TDCM (transistor-driven core memory) 晶体管驱动的磁心存储器TDD (timing data distributor) 计时数据分配器TDDL (time-division data link) 时分数据链路TDF (tape data family) 带数据族TDF (two degrees of freedom) 二级自由度TDI (telecommunication data interface) 电信数据接口TDIO (timing data input-output) 计时数据输入输出TDL (test and diagnostic language) 测试和诊断语言TDL (transistor diode logic) 晶体管二极管逻辑TDM (time-division multiplexing) 时分多路转换TDMA (time-division multiple access) 时分多址TDP (teledata processing) 远程数据处理TDR (transmit data register) 发送数据寄存器TDS (time-division switch) 时分开关TDS (total dissolved solid) 总含盐量，总溶解固形物TDS (transistor display and data processing system) 晶体管显示器及数据处理系统TDTL (transistor diode transistor logic) 晶体管二极管晶体管逻辑TDTL (tunnel diode transistor logic) 隧道二极管晶体管逻辑T/E (tables of equipment) 设备表TE (test equipment) 测试设备TE (thermal efficiency) 热效率TE (thermoelectric) 热电的TE (trailing edge) (叶片)出汽边，(脉冲)后沿teaching machine [装有计算机的]教学机teaching reactor 教学用反应堆，训练用反应堆(用于核电厂操纵员培训)teak 柚木team design 成套设计tear 撕裂，磨损tear and wear 磨损tear down 拆卸tear foil 防爆teaser coil 梯塞线圈，调节变比的线圈teaser transformer 梯塞变压器teaser winding 梯塞绕组，可调绕组，辅助绕组TEC (thermal expansion coefficient) 热膨胀系数tec (tonns equivalent coal) 当量煤吨数technetron 场调管，场效应高能晶体管technetronic 以使用电子技术来解决各种问题为特征的technical 技术的technical adviser 技术顾问Technical Advisory Service 技术咨询服务处technical analysis 工业分析technical and economical index 技术经济指标technical archives 技术档案technical atmosphere 工业大气压；工程大气压technical bulletin 技术通报technical chart 技术曲线，曝光曲线technical code 技术规范technical coefficient 技术系数technical condition 技术条件technical data 技术数据；技术资料technical design 技术设计technical discussion 技术讨论technical documentation 技术资料technical economical index 技术经济指标technical grade 工业级technical identification 技术验证technical information center 技术情报中心technical inspection report 技术检验报告technical instruction 技术说明书technicality 技术性；技术细节；术语technical know-how 技术诀窍，技术秘密，技术知识technical know-why 技术理论technical life (电厂或其他设施)技术上能服役的年限technically pure 工业纯technical manual 技术导则，技术手册，技术细则technical memorandum 技术备忘录technical note 技术备忘录，技术注释，技术说明，工艺说明technical objective document 技术指标文件technical provision 技术规定，技术条款technical pure 工业纯technical reconstruction 技术改造technical regulation 技术规程，技术规范，技术条例technical report 技术报告technical report (TR) 技术报technical requirement 技术要求technicals 技术术语，技术细则technical safety appraisal(TSA) 技术安全评价technical service 技术服务technical specification 技术条件，技术规范，技术规格，技术说明书；技术规程，技术条例technical standard 技术规格，技术标准technical superintendent 技术厂长，技术主任technical term 术语；技术术语，专业术语，技术名称technical visa 技术签证technicolor 彩色电影，彩色电视technics 技术，工程，工艺学，术语technique 技术，工艺，技巧，方法，工程，技术设备technique of display 像重显技术technique of X-ray topography X射线形貌技术technique route 工艺路线techno-economic norm 技术经济标准technogovernance 高技术治国，高技术统治(利用高技术媒体治国)techno-hip 精通[熟悉]现代科技界行话的techno-industrial 技术工业的；技术先进工业的technological gas 工业气体technological layout 工艺流程图technological performance test 工艺性能试验technological process 工艺过程technological radiation protection 工艺辐射防护technological rating 技术作业定额technological sophistication 采用尖端技术，技术完善程度technological source 工艺过程(污染)源technological specifications 技术规格technological transformation 技术改造technology 工艺，技术，工艺学；工艺(学)technology import 技术引进technology of waste disposal 废物处置技术technology trade 技术贸易technology transfer 技术转让technology transfer patents 技术转让专利权technometrics 技术计量学technote 工程符号，工程记号Tech specs (technical specifications) 技术规范tectonic force (地壳)构造力tectonic instability 构造不稳定性tee T[字]形；三通；T字钢[梁]；T形物；分接tee-bend T形接头tee-coil T形线圈tee connection T形接法，T形连接tee connector T形分线夹，T形分线端子tee joint T形接头，三通，T形连接套管；T型接头tee junction 三通teem 浇铸，铸造，倒出tee network T形网络tee-piece T形接头，三通Teepol 阴离子表面活性剂的商名tee-root T形叶根tee slot T形槽teeter bed 搅动床teeth (tooth的复数)齿，牙teething trouble 早期故障tee transformer T形变压器(斯柯特接线法)tee weld T型焊缝Teflon 聚四氟乙烯；特氟纶，特氟隆，聚四氟乙稀的商名teflon-coated beads 涂聚四氟乙烯的玻璃珠teflon insulation 聚四氟乙烯绝缘，绝缘塑料Teflon O ring 聚四氟乙烯O型圈，聚四氟乙烯O型环Teflon resin 聚四氟乙烯树脂teflon rod 聚四氟乙烯棒Teflon seal tape 聚四氟乙烯密封带teflon sheet 聚四氟乙烯板Tefzel 氟塑料40，四氟乙烯乙烯共聚物的商名TEL (total exhaust loss) 总排汽损失telautomatics 遥控力学(机械学、自动技术)，远距离自动控制tele- 远…，远距离…，遥…，遥控…，电信tele-action 遥控作用teleammeter 遥测电流计teleautomatics 遥控力学(机械学、自动技术)，远距离自动控制telebar 棒料自动送进装置telebit 二进制遥测系统，遥远比特位telecamera 电视摄像机telechirics 遥控系统telechron motor 电钟用电动机telecom 电信telecommand 远方调度，遥控，远方指挥，遥令telecommunication 电信，无线电通信telecommunication access method 电信存取法telecommunication cable 通信电缆telecommunication data interface 电信数据接口telecommunication equipment control room 通信控制室telecommunication installation 电讯装置telecommunication working group 电信工作组telecon 电报会议，电话会议teleconference 电报会议，远距离通信会议teleconnexion 远距离联系telecontrol 遥控，远距离控制；远动telecontrol configuration 远动布局telecontrol frequency 远动[信号]用频率telecontrolled 远距离控制的telecontrolling 遥控，远距离操纵telecontrol transfer time 远动传送时间telecord 电话机上附加的记录器Telecoseal 太莱古西尔合金(一种与玻璃等膨胀系数合金)telecoupler 共用天线耦合器teledata processing 远程数据处理teledial 电话拨盘型(燃料排列)teledial fuel pin 电话拨盘形孔内燃料细棒telefacsimile 电话传真telefault 故障检测电感线圈，电缆故障位置检测线圈teleflex 软套管telegauge 遥测仪表，遥测计telegon 一种自动同步机，无接点交流自整角机telegoniometer 无线电测向仪，遥测角仪，方向计telegram 电报telegraph cable 电报电缆telegraph equation 电报方程telegraphic address 电报挂号telegraphic charge 电报费telegraphic draft 电汇票telegraphic money order 电汇telegraphic transfer(T/T) 电汇telegraph network 电报通讯网telegraph relay 电报继电器telegraph repeater 电报帮电机，电报转发[中继]器teleindicator 远距离指示器teleinstruction 远距离指令tele-irradiation 远距辐照telemanometer 遥测压力表telemechanic 远控的telemechanical 遥远机械的，远动的telemechanical apparatus 远动装置telemechanical installation 远动装置telemechanical receiver 远动接收器，远动接收机telemechanical transmitter 远动发送器，远动发送机，远动发送装置telemechanics 远动学，遥控机械学，遥控动力学telemechanic system 远控系统telemechanism 远动操作机构，远动装置，远动力学telemechanization 遥远机械化，远动化telemeter 遥测仪，遥测器，测距器，遥测计，遥测装置telemeteric control 遥测控制telemetering 遥测；远距离测量telemetering channel 遥测通路telemetering equipment 遥测装置telemetering installation 遥测装置telemetering medium 远距离测量装置telemetering sender 遥测发送器telemetering totalizer 遥测加法器telemetry 遥测[技术]，遥测装置，远动，远测术，远距离测量术，遥测；遥测法，遥测技术telemetry analog to digital information converter 遥测模拟／数字信息转换器telemetry filter 远测滤波器telemetry information 遥测信息telemetry link 遥测线路，远动通道telemometer 遥测[式直读荷重]计telemonitor 遥远监视，遥远监控telemonitoring 遥控telemotion 无线电操纵telemotor 遥控电动机，遥控传动装置，遥控马达teleobjective 遥测对象，望远物镜tele-operated 遥控操作的telepancurietherapy 全身性照射疗法telepantoscope [与摄像管类似的]单向扫描器件telephone 电话，电话机，打电话telephone area 电话区，通话区telephone booth 公用电话间，电话亭；电话间telephone box 电话室，电话间telephone call-box 电话通话室，电话间telephone channel 电话通道，话路telephone data set 电话数据设备，用电话线连接的数据终端telephone dial 电话拨号盘telephone exchange room 电话交换室telephone hand set 手摇电话机，手持电话机telephone harmonic factor 电话干扰系数telephone influence factor 电话干扰系数telephone interference 电话干扰，通话干扰telephone meter 电话计数器telephone modem 电话调制解调器telephone relay 电话继电器telephone ringer 电话振铃器telephone set 电话机telephone switchboard room 电话交换机室telephone test 电话试验，电话干扰检查telephone toll call 长途电话呼叫telephone transmission measuring set 电话传输测量器telephone trunk zone 长途电话电路段telephone-type relay 电话式继电器telephonometer 通话计时器telephonometry 通话计时teleplotter 电传绘迹器teleprinter 电传打字电报机，电传打印机；电传打字机teleprocessing 远程信息处理，电传信息处理，远处理telepunch 遥控穿孔[机]telequipment 远动装置telerecorder 遥测自动记录仪telerun 遥控telescope 望远镜，光学的；光学仪器telescope caliper 光学测微仪telescoped joint 套管连接；套管连接装置，套管接头；管套连接，伸缩管连接telescope-feed 套筒式telescope-feed joint 套筒连接telescopic 望远镜[式]的，套筒[式]的，[可]伸缩的，套管的；望远镜的；可伸缩的telescopic blower 伸缩式吹灰器telescopic hoist 伸缩吊，套管式起重机telescopic joint 套管连接telescopic manipulator 伸缩式机械手telescopic mast 伸缩套管天线telescoping column (机械手)套筒柱，套管柱telescoping door 套叠门telescoping drive 可伸缩套管式驱动装置telescoping manipulator mast 伸缩式机械手支柱telescoping mast 可伸缩套筒柱teleseme 信号机telesignalisation(-zation) 遥测信号化[设备]，远距离信号设备telesmoke [观测]烟气[浓度]望远镜teleswitch 遥控开关tele-symbiont 远程共存程序telesyn 遥控同步机telesynd 远程同步遥控装置，遥测设备teletachometer 遥测转速计telethermometer 遥测温度计telethermoscope 遥测温度计teletorque 交流自整角机teletransmission 远程传送，遥测传送teletransmitter 遥测发送器，遥测传送器teletron 显象管teletype 电传打字机teletype tape 电传打字带teletypewriter 电传打字机teletype writer exchanger 电传打字机交换机television 电视television control center 电视控制中心television interference 电视干扰television monitor 电视检查装置television monitoring 电视监控televoltmeter 遥测伏特计，遥测电压表televox 声控机器人telewattmeter 遥测瓦特计telewriter 电传打字机，打字电报机telex 电传telex channel 专线电信通道telltale [监督]信号装置，警报器，寄存器，计数器，信号装置telltale hole 警报孔，信号孔telltale lamp 信号灯telluric [由于地磁引起]电场效应的tellurium 碲Telnet 远程登录(计算机网络)telpher 电动缆车，高架索道telpher line 电气索道，高架索道telstar 通讯卫星TEM (transmission electron microscope) 透射电子显微镜TEMP (temperature) 温度TEMP (temporary) 暂时的TEMP DIFF (temperature difference) 温差temper 回火；调节；变柔软；韧度；钢的含碳量temperature 温度temperature acclimation 温度适应temperature actuated switch 热动开关temperature adjustment curve 温度调节曲线temperature alarm 过热信号器，过热警报器，过热信号temperature and pressure reducer 减温减压器temperature balance 温度平衡；温度均衡temperature band 温度范围temperature behavio(u)r 温度表现，温度特性，温度变化情况temperature booster 加热器；预热器，加热器室temperature boundary layer 温度边界层temperature bulb 测温包，热敏元件temperature calibration 温度标定temperature change 温度变化temperature characteristic 温度特性，温度特性[曲线]temperature chart 温度曲线temperature classification 耐热等级，绝缘等级temperature coefficient 温度系数temperature coefficient feedback (反应性)温度系数反馈temperature coefficient of delay 温度延迟系数temperature coefficient of reactivity 反应性温度系数temperature-coefficient of resistance 电阻温度系数temperature coefficient power regulation 温度系数功率调节(利用温度效应调节功率) temperature coloration 温度色变；受热色变temperature-compensated overload relay 温度补偿过载继电器temperature compensating device 温度补偿装置temperature compensation 温度补偿temperature compensation alloy 温度补偿合金temperature compensator 温度补偿器temperature condition 温度条件temperature conductivity 导热性，热导率temperature-constant operation 等温运行方式temperature contrast 不均匀温度分布temperature control 温度控制；温度调节temperature controller 温度调节器，温度控制器。
太阳能的相关英文对照
重要参数Important parameter少子寿命少子寿命Minority carrier lifetime
电磁光谱(波)Electromagnetic spectrum(wave)
质子Proton(s)
量子效率Quantum efficiency
等离子刻蚀Plasma etching
辛吕浆Aluminium paste
光生电流Photo-generated current
暗电流Dark current
干涉现象Interference phenomena
高掺杂浓度High dopant concentration
共晶组织Eutectic structure
扩散结Diffusion boundary junction
扩散炉Diffusion furnace
扩散机理Diffusion mechanism
直接辐射照度Direct irradiance
散射辐射度Diffuse irradiance
光谱辐射度Spectral irradiance
太阳模拟器Solar simulator
总务部General affairs department
财务部General accounting department
总公司Head office
分公司Branch office
营业部Business office
四网印刷工艺Screen printing process
银浆Silver paste
企划部Planning department
层压工艺Laminate technology
顶区材料Top region material
太阳能专业词汇名词解释
重要参数 Important parameter 定货至交货时间 Lead time 硅棒 Silicon ingot 光伏效应 Photovoltaic effect 光谱响应 Spectral response 清洗设备 Rinse equipment 综合的、完整的 Integrated 波长 Wavelength 流程图 Flow chart 减反射膜 anti-reflection-coating 氮化硅 silicon nitride 薄层电阻 sheet resistance 大气质量 air mass 参杂 doping 化学气相淀积 CVD 串联电阻 Serial resistance 短路电流 Short circuit current 吸杂 Gettering 单晶硅 Monocrystalline 非晶硅 Amorphous silicon 碱性 Alkaline 硅片清洗 Wafer rinse 超声波清洗 Ultrasonic cleaning 热导性 Thermal conductivity 中子 Neutron 异质结太阳能电池 Hetero junction solar cell 薄膜多晶硅电池 Thin-film polycrystalline silicon solar cell 清单 checklist 多晶结晶度 Poly crystallinity 多晶结构 Polycrystalline structure 微晶的 crystallitic 各向异性 anisotropism 太阳照射强度 Solar radiation intensity 太阳光谱 Solar spectrum 结晶机理 Crystallization mechanism 折射率 Refractive index 最佳工作电流 Optimum operating current 太阳光伏能源系统 Solar photovoltaic energy system 多晶硅太阳电池 Polycrystalline silicon solar cell 标准工作条件 Standard operating conditions 扩散结 Diffusion boundary junction 扩散机理 Diffusion mechanism 散射辐射度 Diffuse irradiance 太阳模拟器 Solar simulator 环境温度 Ambient temperature 光吸收 Absorption of the photons 暗特性曲线 Dark characteristic curve 相对光谱响应 Relative spectral response 硅原子 Silicon atom 导带 Conduction band
光伏词汇
单词solder fillet(ribbon or copper ribbon)Ⅱ---Ⅵ group solar cellⅢ---Ⅴ group solar cellAbility to withstand voltageabsolute spectral sensitivityabsolute –spectral –sensitivity characteristic absorption of the photonsaccelerated outdoor exposure testingAcceptor Impurityactive area of a solar cellactive coolingAir Mass (AM)air bagAir Massaluminium pastealuminumAM1.5 conditionambient temperatureAMI conditionAMO conditionamorphous silicon solar cellanodized aluminum frameanti – reflection coatingarea to power ratio of a solar arrayarea utilization of a solar arrayArrayarray fieldarray switching systemassembleassembling lossauditback surface field effect solar cellback surface reflection cellback surface reflection field cellback sheetbase materialBeamBlocking diodeblue- red ratiobody—mounted type solar arrayBowbreeding timeBroken CellsBubblebus-barBypass diodecadmium sulfide solar cellcalibratingcalibrationcalibration valueCarbon ContentCast Ingot Side-Walls (Tops,Sides, Bottoms)Cellcell corner chipcell crackcell temperaturecharge controllerchemical vapor depositionChipchipChipsCleavage Planecollection efficiencycolor variationcompound semiconductor solar cellcompressed airconcentration ratioconcentrator cellConductorconnecterconsecutive separated reaction chambercontact evaporationcontact of solar cellcontainerContaminantContaminated Pot Scrapconventional solar cellconversion efficiencycornerCrackcreasecritical fluencecrystalcrystal cellcrystal latticeCrystalline Defectcurrentcurrent temperature coefficientcurrent temperature coefficientcurrent --- voltage characteristiccurrent temperature coefficient of a solar cell curve corrction coefficiencyD.C/A..C up(down) converterD.C/D.C up(down) converterdark currentdark characteristic curveDC voltagedensity of localized statedesigndetachmentdiffuse irradiancediffuse irradiationdiffusiondirect irradiancedirect irradiation (direct insolation)DirtdislocationDislocation-free Single CrystalDonor Impuritydopdopantdouble roll out solargeneratoredgeedge etchingedge protectionElectric shockelectrical featureElectrodeelectronic loadEncapsulantencapsulatedencapsulationenergy payback timeengineeringetchingEVA (Ethylene vinyl acetate )evaporation boatevaporation of the antireflective coating fill factor ,curve factorfilterfine grainfingerprintflat plateflat plate moduleflexible plateflickerfold—out type solar arrayforeign particlefour probe methodframefresnel lensgallium arsenide solar cellgeometrical concentrator ratioglobal calibrating methodglow dischargegrain broudarygrain sizeGranular Polygridgrid attachmentheat treatmentheterojunction cellhomojunction cellhot dippinghot probe methodingotinkinsulationInsulation resistanceintegral diode solar cellInterconnectinter-connectorintrinsic conversion efficiency (intrinsic efficiency intrinsic fill factor (theoretical fill factor) inverterinverter efficiencyIpmironirradianceIscJunction boxlabellaminate technologylaminationlaminatorlay outleadleakage currentleakage currentlight intensitylithium-doped solar cellloadload currentload powerload voltagelow pressure chemical vapor deposition Markmaster control and monitoringmaximum powermaximum – power currentmaximum power pointmaximum power trackingmaximum power trackingmaximum – power voltageMaximum powermaximum –power currentMaximum system voltagemaximum—power voltageMetallizationmetamictizationmicro crackmicrocrystallineMinor Carrier life-timeMINP solar cellMIS solar cellmobility edgemodule efficiencymodule surface temperatureModule（Flat－plate)module, solar cell modulemono-crystalMoundmulti – bandgap a-si solar cell multi—antireflection coating Multicrystalline (or Polysilicon) MULTICRYSTALLINE PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES multijunction solar cellnear perfact matchingnominal module voltagenominal operating cell temperature Nominal operating cell temperaturenon – crystal solar cellnormal incidence calibrating methodN-typenucleationnucleusohmic contactopen –circuit voltageoperating currentoperating pointoperating temperature of solar celloperating voltageoptimum loadoptimum operating currentoptimum operating voltageoptional test conditionsOrange Peelorganic semiconductor solar cell orientationOriented arrayOrintationoutputOxygen ContentOzone contentpalletPanel (flat-plate)Partculatparticle radiation damagepassive coolingperfect matchingphoto chemical vapor depositionphoto – electric conversion efficiency photo- conductive effectphoto –generated current(photocurrent) photo-electric effectphoto-electric emissionphotoelectroche mical cellphoto-electronphotovoltagephoto-voltaic concentrator arrayphoto-voltaic concentrator array field photovoltaic concentrator module photovoltaic effectphotovoltaic effectpig tailPinholePitpitplasma chemical vapor deposition plasma etchingPlugsPmaxpnactical module efficiencypolishPoly Virgin FlakesPoly Virgin GoodsPoly Virgin Surface ContaminatedPoly Virgin Vac Packpolycrysfal solar cellpoly-crystalpolycrystalline silicon solar cell polymer semiconductor cellPolysilicon with Carbon (or Graphite)power conditioning unitpractical efficiency of a solar array precipitable water vapour content precipitationpreetchingpre-heatprimary standard solar cellprintprocedureprocessproductproductionproposalP-typepulse solar simulatorpunching holepyranometerpyrheliometerquality assurancequality controlquantum efficiencyradiant fluxradiant intensityradiationradiometerrated currentrated powerrated voltagereal—time outdoor exposure testing Recliam Wafersrecombinationreference devicerelative spectral responserelative spectral sensitivityrelative-spectral-sensitivity chavacteristic Remelt GoodsRemelt IngotsRemelt PlugsRemelt Small Pcsremoving of a back layerreproductionResidential Solar Power SystemsResidue SolventResistivity (ohm-cm )Reverse currentreverse currentrigid plateroll—up type solar arrayround robin experimentrounding anglesandingSaw Marksscanschottky solar cellScratchscreen printing contactscreen printing processsecond stage laminationsecondary concentratorsecondary standard solar cell sedimentSemicon Grade siliconserial resistanceshort – circuit currentshort – circuit current densityshort circuitshunt resistancesilicon solar cellsillcon ribbon solar cellsilversilver pastesimulatorsingle crystalline silicon solar cell single solar cellSingle-Crystal -siliconsintering after aluminium evaporating sliceSlip PlaneSmall Pot Scrap with QuartzSmudgesolar array banketsolar breedersolar cellsolar cell areasolar cell arraysolar cell basic platesolar cell module areasolar cell module surface temperaturesolar cell panelsolar cell sub-arraysolar clevation anglesolar constantsolar photovoltaic energy systemsolar power satellite -- SPSsolar simulatorsolar concentratorSolar Grade Siliconsolder –dippingsoldering creamsortspectral irradiance distributionspectral irradiance Eλspectral mismatchspectral photo irradiance Nspectral responsespectral –sensitivity characteristicspectrumspectrum(of a radiation)Spotsputter of antireflective coatingstacked solarcell, tandem solar cellStainstainstandard solar cellstandard sourcestandard test conditionsStandard Test Conditionssteady solar simulatorStriationstringsubstrate temperaturesun – tracking controllersystems test facility –STFtappingtemperaturetemplateterminalterrestrial solar cell arraytexturetextured cell ,(non –reflective cell ,black cell) the Ⅰ-Ⅴ characteristic curve of a solar cellthe equivalent circuit of a solar cellthin film solar celltime constanttime periodtop region materialtotal irradiancetotal irradiation (total insolation) transparent conduction oxideTTV---Total Thickness VariationturbiditytwinTwin Crystalultra light fold out solargeneratorultra – thin solar celluniformityunloadutility(electric)vertical solar cellviolet cellvisual checkVocvoltage temperature coefficientvoltage temperature coefficientvoltage temperature coefficient of a soler cell voltage windowVpmwaferWarpWarrantyweight to power ratio of a solar array wire sawingworking standard solar cellwrap – around type solar cellX value in ga (1-X)ALXAS中文解释焊带Ⅱ---Ⅵ族太阳电池Ⅲ---Ⅴ 族太阳电池耐压绝对光谱灵敏度绝对光谱灵敏度特性光吸收户外加速寿命试验受主杂质单体电池的有效光照面积主动式冷却大气质量气囊大气质量铝浆铝浆AM1.5条件环境温度AMI条件AMO条件非晶硅太阳电池铝型框减反射膜方阵的面积比功率方阵的面积利用率阵列方阵场方阵联结开关系统配装组合损失审核背场电池背反射电池背场背反射电池背板基体材料横樑料阻断二级管蓝光率壳体方阵弯曲度再生反应时间碎电池片气泡主栅线旁路二极管硫化镉太阳电池标定校正标定值碳含量废弃晶锭边皮料(指浇铸硅的顶、边、底部料)电池片缺角片裂电池温度充电控制器化学气相沉积崩边缺角切片解理面收集效率色调变化化合物半导体太阳电池压缩空气聚光率聚光电池导体连接器分室连续反应室蒸电极太阳电池电极集装箱沾污被沾污了的埚底料常规太阳电池转换效率边角裂纹皱痕, 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计划P型脉冲式太阳模拟器穿孔辐射强度表日射强度计（NIP）质量保证质量控制量子效率辐射通量辐射强度辐射辐射计额定电流额定功率额定电压户外实时寿命试验回收硅片复合基准器件相对光谱响应相对光谱灵敏度相对光谱灵敏度特性回熔料回熔晶锭回熔小锭回熔小片去底层复现住宅用太阳能系统溶剂残留物电阻率 (欧姆-厘米)反向电流反向电流刚性底板卷式方阵周游实验倒角打磨刀痕扫描肖特基太阳电池擦伤丝网印刷电极丝网漏印工艺二次层压二次聚光器二级标准太阳电池沉淀物半导体级硅串连电阻短路电流（Isc）短路电流密度短路并连电阻硅太阳电池硅带太阳电池银银浆模拟光源单晶硅太阳电池单体太阳电池单晶硅蒸铝烧结切片滑移面带石英渣的小块埚底料污迹太阳电池方阵库太阳能反应堆太阳电池太阳电池面积太阳电池方阵太阳电池底板太阳电池组件面积太阳电池组件表面温度太阳电池组合板太阳电池子方阵太阳高度角太阳常数太阳光伏能源系统太阳能电力卫星太阳模拟器太阳聚光器太阳能级硅浸锡焊膏分类, 排序, 挑选光谱辐照度分布光谱辐照度Eλ光谱失配光谱光子辐照度Nλ光谱响应光谱灵敏度特性光谱光谱（辐射的）斑点喷涂减反射膜叠层电池色斑脏污标准太阳电池标准光源标准测试条件标准试验条件（STC）稳态太阳模拟器条纹串联衬底温度太阳跟踪控制器系统测试设备温度地面太阳电池方阵制绒绒面电池（无反射电池，黑电池）太阳电池的伏—安特性曲线太阳电池的等效电路薄膜太阳电池时间常数试验周期顶区材料总辐照度总辐照（总的太阳辐照）透明导电膜（TCO膜）总厚度偏差混浊度（aD,λ）孪晶孪晶超轻级伸展式光伏发电站超薄太阳电池均匀卸料电站垂直结太阳电池紫电池目视检查开路电压电压温度系数电压温度系数电池的电压温度系数电压窗口最大工作电压硅片翘曲度担保方阵的重量比功率工作标准太阳电池卷包式太阳电池镓铝砷中的铝含量。
太阳能的相关英文对照
27 16:32:45 阅读79 评论0 字号：大中小重要参数Important parameter 少子寿命少子寿命Minority carrier lifetime 电磁光谱(波) Electromagnetic spectrum（wave）质子Proton（s）量子效率Quantum efficiency扩散炉Diffusion furnace测试分选Test and sorting发光Irradiance太阳能电池Solar battery(cell)自动化automatization光生载流子light-generated carriers开路电压open-circuit voltage禁带band gap填充因子fill factor物理气相淀积PVD真空Vacuum并联电阻Shunt resistance半导体Semiconductor周边刻蚀Edge etching多晶硅Polycrystalline酸性Acid电极Electrode扩散Diffusion熔点Melting point热膨胀系数Thermal expansion coefficient电子Electron定货至交货时间Lead time硅棒Silicon ingot光伏效应Photovoltaic effect光谱响应Spectral response清洗设备Rinse equipment综合的、完整的Integrated波长Wavelength流程图Flow chart减反射膜anti-reflection-coating氮化硅silicon nitride薄层电阻sheet resistance大气质量air mass参杂doping串联电阻Serial resistance短路电流Short circuit current吸杂Getterin单晶硅Monocrystalline非晶硅Amorphous silicon碱性Alkaline硅片清洗Wafer rinse超声波清洗Ultrasonic cleaning热导性Thermal conductiv中子Neutro异质结太阳能电池Hetero junction solar cell埋栅电池Buried contact solar cell薄膜多晶硅电池Thin-film polycrystalline silicon solar cell维护、保持maintenance清单checklist太阳辐射Solar radiation多晶结晶度Poly crystallinity多晶性Poly crystallining多晶结构Polycrystalline structure渐减Decreasing微晶的crystallitic搀杂原子Doping atom各向异性anisotropism突变结Abrupt junction太阳照射强度Solar radiation intensity太阳能组件Solar module太阳光谱Solar spectrum太阳能发电Solar thermal power generation结晶机理Crystallization mechanism折射面Refracting surface折射率Refractive index转换效率Conversion efficiency最佳工作电流Optimum operating current最佳工作电压Optimum operating voltage太阳光伏能源系统Solar photovoltaic energy system非晶硅太阳电池Amorphous silicon solar cell多晶硅太阳电池Polycrystalline silicon solar cell平板式组件Flat plate module标准工作条件Standard operating conditions额定电压Rated voltage扩散结Diffusion boundary junction扩散炉Diffusion furnace扩散机理Diffusion mechanism直接辐射照度Direct irradiance散射辐射度Diffuse irradiance光谱辐射度Spectral irradiance太阳模拟器Solar simulator标准测试条件Standard test conditions环境温度Ambient temperature同质结太阳电池Homo junction solar cell光吸收Absorption of the photons短路电流密度Short-circuit current density暗特性曲线Dark characteristic curve绝对光谱响应Absolute spectral response相对光谱响应Relative spectral response硅原子Silicon atom价带Valence band导带Conduction band电压稳压器Voltage stabilizer光电子Photo –electrode?背电场Back surface field欧姆接触Ohmic contact化合物半导体太阳能电池Compound semiconductor solar cell补偿电流Offset current背电场电池Back surface field solar cell 表面处理Surface treatment背面场Back surface field四探针Four-point probe组织、结构、绒面Texture超高真空Ultrahigh vacuum水净化系统Water purification system 折射角Refracting angle真空溅射Vacuum sputtering人事部Personnel department总务部General affairs department 财务部General accounting department总公司Head office分公司Branch office营业部Business office四网印刷工艺Screen printing process银浆Silver paste等离子刻蚀Plasma etching铝浆Aluminium paste光生电流Photo-generated current暗电流Dark current干涉现象Interference phenomena高掺杂浓度High dopant concentration 共晶组织Eutectic structure销售部Sales department国际部International department进口部Import department共价键Valence bond光刻Photo etch光学厚度Optical thickness公共关系部Public relations department广告部Advertising department企划部Planning department层压工艺Laminate technology顶区材料Top region material基区材料Base material太阳常数Solar constant辉光放电Glow discharge透明导电膜Transparent conduction oxide蒸铝Aluminium evaporation负载功率Load power工作电压Operating voltage磷扩散Phosphorous diffusion硼扩散Boron diffusion氢氟酸Hydrofluoric acid硝酸Nitride acid盐酸Hydrochloric acid高效率电池High efficiency solar cell衬底材料Substrate material钝化发射极Passivated emitter表面钝化Surface passivation界面处理Interfacial treatment硼掺杂衬底Boron-doped substrate太阳能电池结构Solar cell structure减反射膜Antireflection coating结深The depth of the junction化学刻蚀Chemical etching掺杂水平Doping level 丝网印刷和烧结Screen printing and firing。
Increasing the Efficiency of Screen-Printed Silicon Solar Cells by Light-Induced Silver Plating
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SCREEN-PRINTED SILICON SOLAR CELLS BY LIGHT-INDUCEDSILVER PLATINGA. Mette1, C.Schetter1, D. Wissen2, S. Lust2, S. W. Glunz1and G. Willeke11 Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Heidenhofstr. 2, D-79110 Freiburg,Germanyphone: +49 761 4588 5287, email: ansgar.mette@ise.fraunhofer.de2 Q-Cells AG, Guardianstraße 16, 06766 Thalheim, GermanyABSTRACTThis paper presents a method to improve the efficiency of large area screen-printed silicon solar cells by about 0.3% to 0.4% absolute. By light-induced plating (LIP) the series resistance of screen-printed solar cells is reduced. The line conductivity of the front side metal conductors is improved without increasing the shaded area. This plating technique has been optimized for years at Fraunhofer ISE and is a fast method to homo-geneously galvanize metal contacts on n-doped material.High efficiencies of 18.4% on 20x20 mm² screen-printed FZ silicon solar cells and 16.6% on 156x156mm² industrial processed mc-Si solar cells have been obtained.It is believed that the significant increase of efficiency combined with the reduction of the amount of screen-printing paste required, overcompensates the cost for this additional step at the end of the process sequence.INTRODUCTIONAs the silicon wafer is one of the main cost drivers for silicon solar cells, achieving high efficiencies at a low unit price is needed to reduce the cost per wattpeak. Achieving high efficiencies means e.g. reducing power losses in the front grid, i.e. optical losses due to reflection of incident light on the metal grid and electrical losses due to the line resistance, the metal-semiconductor contact and the emitter sheet resistance. Therefore, fine lines with a high aspect ratio (height : width) and cross section area are preferable to facilitate a high line conductivity while keeping the shading losses low.In the PV industry the standard size of processed cells grew from 100x100 mm² a few years ago to currently 156x156 mm². As the generated current is still collected by two busbars on the front side, the finger length is significantly increased. The line conductivity needs to be high, because the power loss produced by the finger resistance increases with the square of its length. In order not to increase the shaded area, a finger with a good conducting material and a high aspect ratio is preferable.Both of these requirements can be solved by light-induced plating (LIP). A layer of silver plated on top of a screen-printed contact increases the aspect ratio. The plated silver also features a lower specific material resistance than a screen-printed contact and hence the specific finger resistance is improved.LIGHT-INDUCED PLATING (LIP)Plating of solar cell contactsCreation of contacts for solar cells by plating has been investigated for years (e.g. in [1,2]). It is believed that the efficiency potential for plated contacts is higher than for screen-printed, as the contacts feature a smaller width and a higher aspect ratio and line conductivity. A well-known example for an industrial processed solar cell with plated contacts is the laser grooved buried contact cell [3,4].Instead of plating the complete contact an alternative is to plate just the conducting layer on top of a pre-deposited metal layer. This metal layer, which should have a low contact resistivity to the semiconductor surface, could be for example a thick film contact, as first published in 1980 [5]and further investigated e.g. in [6].Electroless plating techniques are usually used as the fine electrodes on the front side do not need to be contacted. Because the deposition rate for electroless solution is low, the chemical consumption is high and a good pH and temperature control needed, an electrolytic plating bath would have several advantages [7].By exploiting the photovoltaic effect of a solar cell, it is possible to utilize the advantage of the electrolytic plating solutions without the need to contact the front side metal grid. The solar cell itself generates the required current. The basic idea was published in 1979 by L. Durkee [8]and in 1981 by L. Grenon [9].Principle of light-induced platingThe principle of the light-induced plating process is illustrated in Figure 1. A solar cell is placed in an electroplating bath, electron-hole pairs are created under irradiation, the emitter is on a negative potential and attracts positively charged metal ions out of the bath; the existing metal layer is thickened by the plating process. To protect the backside against dissolution, it is connected over an external power supply to the metal anode.The significant advantage compared to ordinary electroplating processes is that no electrical contact need to be connected to the front side metal grid, as the illuminated solar cell itself generates the required current and serves as cathode. This is also the reason why this plating technique provides a very uniform silver layer on the already existing metal contacts, even when the existing metal layer is very thin. By providing anappropriate voltage to the backside of the solar cell its positive potential is neutralized, for this reason no metal from the backside dissolves.Compared to an electroless plating process, the light-induced plating rate is significantly higher and hencefeasible for an inline system.SiN Xpnanodefront contactback contactAt Fraunhofer ISE light-induced silver plating is in use since 1992. Since then it is used as a standard tool for thickening the evaporated Ti-Pd-Ag contacts of high-efficiency solar cells [10].In 2000 a semi-automated batch system was built. The plating rate is about 1 µm per minute.Characterization of light-induced plated contacts F inger conduct i v ity:The specific finger conductivity was extracted by measuring the finger resistance with the four point probe technique and its geometry with an optical profilometer. Also the conductivity of the deposited silver was deduced, by comparing the specific finger conductivity before and after the plating process. The resistivity of 1.9x 10-8W m of the plated silver is close to that of bulk silver (1.59 x 10-8W m).Contact Resi stivity:As the contact resistivity between the semiconductor surface and the screen-printed contact can not be improved by light-induced plating, it is important that it does not dominate the series resistance. This becomes even more critical when printing finer lines. The transmission line and the transfer length method were used for measuring the contact resistivity [11].Long term stab i l ity: Long term stability tests of ten months under ambient air showed no change in the I-V parameters of solar cells with plated silver contacts.Adhes i on and solder i ng:Additional to the electrical performance also the adhesion of the deposited layer to the screen-printed contact plays an important role. Plated contacts passed adhesion test performed under standard tape test conditions. Soldering of cell connectors on the silver plated busbars is comparable to soldering directly on a screen-printed busbar.Characterization methods for plated solar cellsThe following solar cell characterization methods were performed at Fraunhofer ISE, to optimize the light-induced plating parameters.Illum nated and dark I-V curve: I-V parameters were determined by measuring the illuminated and dark I-V curve using a steady state sun simulator.Ser i es Resstance:The global series resistance R s was calculated by comparing the illuminated I-V curve at the maximum power point with the shifted dark I-V curve [12]:()mppS J R mpp dark Rs,mppdark,V -V -V=(1)with ()darks mpp SC dark Rs R J J V ,,-=(2)andSCdark s J R ocsc dark,,V -V =(3)For definition of V dark,mpp and V dark,sc see Figure 2. E quation 1 is based on [13]with the correction that at V dark,mpp of the dark I-V curve, the losses due to the series resistance R s,dark can not be neglected. Thus in Dicker [13] an additional term V Rs,dark (Eq. 2) is added.The reduction in R s can be determined by comparing the illuminated I-V curve before and after the plating process.J [m A /c m ²]Figure 2: Illuminated I-V measurement before and after the plating process, dark I-V measurement shifted by J sc .Optimization of light-induced silver plating for screen-printed solar cellsA similar wafer layout as for high-efficiency cells was used to optimize the silver plating of screen printed contacts. 20x 20mm² sized solar cells were processed on four inch 0.5W cm p-doped FZ material. The process sequence was same as for our standard production solar cells: The wafers were wet chemical textured, had a POCl emitter of 55W /sq., a SiN X antireflection coating and a screen-printed aluminum backside. Fine metal lines were screen-printed on the front side using a screen with 60µm mesh openings for the fingers. Finally the wafers were co-fired in a fast firing belt furnace under ambient air.As the metal fingers with a width of about 60µm and a maximum height of 6µm were thin and flat, the line resistance and hence the series resistance were very high, limiting the fill factor to values of about 60% to 70%. The contact resistivity was measured to be in the range of 2m W cm², not increasing the series resistance significantly.After process optimization the light-induced plating step decreased the series resistance drastically. The best solar cell showed a remarkable high efficiency of 18.4% with a fill factor of 80.9% (Table 1).Table I:I-V parameter of the best 20 x 20 mm² screen-printed solar cell before and after the light-induced plating process.Process step V OC[mV]J SC[mA/cm2]FF[%]h[%]R S[W cm²]Before LIP6After LIP634.535.880.918.40.45 LIGHT-INDUCED PLATING OF LARGE AREASCREEN-PRINTED MC-SI SOLAR CELLS Standard production solar cellsFor first experiments standard production solar cells from Q-Cells having a modest material quality were used to further optimize the plating process for screen-printed contacts. The processed 156x156 mm² sized multi-crystalline cells had a low-open circuit voltage, whereas the fill factor was in the normal production range.For the optimization of the light-induced plating process, especially the backside potential needed to be adjusted. If the applied potential is too low, the backside will be on a positive potential and the metal on the rear will be dissolved. Whereas if the applied voltage is too high, the backside will have a negative potential and silver will be deposited on the rear side.After optimization the efficiency of the solar cells could be increased after a short plating time by 0.3 -0.4% absolute due to the increase of the fill factor from 76.5% before to 78.1% after plating (see Table 2). Figure 3 shows a cross section of a screen-printed contact plated with silver.Table II:I-V parameter of five 156x156mm² standard production multi-crystalline silicon solar cells before and after the light-induced plating process (LIP).Process stepV oc[mV]J sc[mA/cm2]FF[%]h[%]Before LIP6After LIP600±131.9±0.178.1±0.315.0±0.1Figure 3:Cross section of a screen-printed contact plated with silver at Fraunhofer ISE (Image –courtesy of Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials).Fine line screen-printed solar cellsIn a further experiment, solar cells were processed similarly to the standard production cells.However, the screen-printed fingers were finer, having a width of about 70µm and 90µm. The amount of fingers printed was not changed. As an effect the series resistance of these cells was high (> 1W cm²), resulting in fill factors of about 76% for the 90 µm wide fingers and 71% for the 70 µm (Table III). The contact resistivity for both types of metal grid was about 2-3 m W cm².Table III:I-V parameter of 156 x 156 mm2 mc-Si solar cells before and after the light-induced plating process.The plating time was 6to 10minutes for cells with 90µm and 8to 12 minutes for cells with 70µm finger width. ProcessstepV oc[mV]J sc[mA/cm2]Cells with 90 µm finger widthPrior LIP612±133751513378160 Cells with 70 µm finger widthPrior LIP611±133711423377150As shown in Figure 3 the maximum efficiency increase for cells with 90µm and 70µm fine fingers was reached after silver plating of about 6 to 10 minutes and 8 to 12minutes, respectively. Whereas the open-circuit voltage stays constant over the plating time, the fill factor first rises sharply and then saturates; thus the influence of the electrical losses of the front grid on the total series resistance is negligible. The remaining losses of the front grid are due to the contact resistance which can not be improved by LIP. The maximum efficiency gain is found where the sum of relative current loss and fill factor gain is maximum.plating time [min]Figure 3:Graphs showing the relative gain of the I-V parameters against the plating time for cells having 90µm (top) and 70 µm wide fingers (bottom).Highly efficient screen-printed mc-Si solar cells Screen-printed solar cells were processed with a front side grid optimized for the plating process. These cells have a high series resistance and would not be suitable for the standard cell process. Table 4 shows the I-V parameter before and after plating. Due to the rise of the fill factor from 74.3% to 77.9%, the efficiency could be increased by 0.7% absolute from 15.6% to 16.3%. The best solar cell processed, reached an efficiency of 16.6% with a fill factor of 79.2%.Table IV:I-V parameter of 156 x 156 mm² screen-printed mc-Si solar cells before and after the light-induced plating (LIP) process with an optimized grid design.Process stepV oc[mV]J sc[mA/cm2]FF[%]h[%]Before LIPBest cell612.134.674.915.9 Avg. of 9 cells610±231 After LIPBest cell613.434.179.216.6 Avg. of 9611±231CONCLUSIONThe light-induced plating process shows a great potential to reduce the series resistance of screen-printed solar cells. As an electrolytic plating bath is used, the deposition rate is high, but without the disadvantage of contacting the front side metal grid.An increase of about 0.3% to 0.4% absolute for standard production cells has been demonstrated.Cell efficiencies of 18.4% and 16.6% have been reached on mono-and mulitcrystalline screen-printed solar cells with an Al-BSF, respectively.Further improvements are under investigation as for example a bath modification to improve the geometry of the final contact.ACKNOWLDEDGEMENTThe authors would like to thank G. Allardyce, K. Bass from Rohm and Haas E lectronic Materials for cross section preparation, A. Herbolzheimer, A. Leimenstoll,D. Pysch, E. Schäffer, S. Seitz for solar cell processing and characterization.REFERENCES[1] J. R. Anderson and R. C. Petersen, "Nickel contacts for low cost solar cells", 14th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 1980, pp. 948-951.[2] K. A. Münzer, K. T. Holdermann, H. L. Mayr, R. E. Schlosser,H. J. Schmidt, "High efficiency plated contact silicon solar cells and modules", Proceed ngs of the 12th European Photovolta c Solar Energy Conference, 1994, pp. 753-756.[3] M. A. Green and S. R. Wenham, Australian Patent No. 5703309 Australia, 1984).[4] T. M. Bruton, K. C. Heasman, J. P. Nagle, D. W. Cunningham, N. B. Mason et al., "Large area high efficiency silicon solar cells made by the laser grooved buried grid process", Proceedings of the 12th European Photovoltai c Solar Energy Conference, 1994, pp. 761-765.[5] J. Lyman, "Thick film, plating cut cost of laying down solar cell contacts and conductors", Electronics53,1980, pp. 40-41.[6] J. Horzel, Dissertation Thesis, Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven, 1999.[7] J. D. Jensen, P. Moller, T. Bruton, N. Mason, R. Russell et al., "Electrochemical deposition of buried contacts in high-efficiency crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells", J. Electrochem. Soc.150, 2003, pp. G49-57.[8] L. F. Durkee, US Patent No. 4144139, Solarex Corporation, USA, 1979.[9] L. A. Grenon, US Patent No. 4251327 Motorola, USA, 1981.[10] S. W. Glunz, J. Knobloch, D. Biro, W. Wettling, "Optimized high-efficiency silicon solar cells with J sc=42 mA/cm2and h=23.3 %", Proceedings of the 14th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 1997, pp. 392-395.[11] D. K. Schroder and D. L. Meier, "Solar cell contact resistance -a review", IEEE Trans. Electron Devices ED-31,1984, pp. 637-647.[12] J. Dicker, Dissertation Thesis, Universität Konstanz, 2003.[13] A. G. Aberle, S. R. Wenham, M. A. Green, "A new method for accurate measurements of the lumped series resistance of solar cells", Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 1993, pp. 133-139.。
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产品规格
:
AAA 级稳态模拟器
灯源寿命保证 10,000 小时!
不用滤波片情况下A 级光谱不匹配度!
10000小时后辐照度衰减 < 8% !
通过电源调整光谱维持稳定性!
产品特性:
稳态光源 无电极放电光机
离子光源寿命大于25,000小时
光谱不匹配度: 遵循IEC 60904-9 Class A 光源强度: 500 to 1300 W/㎡ ; 可调 辐照度非均匀度: 2%
调整辐照度时光谱和均匀度几乎没有变化 10000小时后辐照度衰减< 8% 电源耗损: 每盏灯1千瓦 空间需求小 灯源数量扩展灵活
系统的控制与数据收集都能够基于网络操作
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解决方案 – 基于您的支付而提供有价值的解决方案
无需滤光片情况下的A 级光谱与 IEC 60904-9的对比 通过调整辐照度光谱没有变化
✽相关标准: IEC 60904-9, IEC 61215, IEC 61730-2 ✽AAA 级规格:
有效辐照度: 参考型号表 不均匀度: < 2 %
光谱不匹配度: < 在A 级规格内 短周期不稳定性: <0.5 % 长周期不稳定性: < 2%
✽辐照度等级: 可在 500~1300 W/㎡ 范围内调节 ✽光照稳定的预热时间: 150s ✽IV 测量的稳定的预热时间: 150s
✽作业条件:
环境温度 +15°C ~ +30°C 。
湿度 < 50%, 不凝结。
最大电源需求: 380VAC 50/60Hz; 3P/N/PE 。
需要冷空气流量:每个25°C 灯源通过ψ250 毫米管道需要140m3/H
样本托架说明:
✽空气到水冷却器提供7°C 到20°C 的水流的水到空气的交换机安装在样本下面。
✽循环空气通过交换机吹向样本以去掉热量，使温度能降下到12°C 。
✽用户使用冷却控制器设置水温 并且能够根据样品温度调整水温。
更改可能需要分级证明:
任何照明组件或电源的更改都有可能改变光照均匀度。
任何软件操作系统设置的更改都有可能改变光照均匀度。
短暂的稳定性和光谱都不会因为这些改变而受到影响。