英汉翻译评析(附参考译文)
汉英翻译70句分析解析
1）这种力，是一般人看不见的生命力，只要生命存在，这种力就要显现。
It is an in visible force of life. So long as there is life, the force will show itself.2）凭窗站了一会，微微的觉得凉意侵入。
转过身来，忽然眼花缭乱，屋子里的别的东西，都隐在光云里；……Standing at the window for a while, I felt a bit chilly. As I turned round, my eyes sudde nly dazzled before the bright light and could not see thi ngs dist in ctly. Everythi ng in the room was blurred by a haze of light.3）这架收音机该有多大的重量啊！它载着解放区人民的心，载着全中国人民的希望, ______ 载着我们国家的命运。
What a heavy load this aerorplane bore! It carried the hearts of the people of the liberated areas,the hopes of the entire Chinese people,and the destiny of our country.4）看着信，林震不禁独自笑起来了，他拿起笔把“中于”改成“终于”，准备在回信时告诉他们下次要避免别字。
Reading the letter, Lin couldn ' help smiling to himself. He changed “ rite to" “ right thinking that he should tell them to be more careful with their spelling next time they wrote.5）人无千日好，花无百日红。
英译汉-翻译参考译文
练习1 美国印象☐我恐怕不能把美国描绘成十足的天堂——从一般角度来说，也许我对这个国家所知甚少。
我说不出它的经度或纬度；我算不出它出产谷物的价值；我对它的政治也不十分熟悉。
这些东西可能不会使你感兴趣，它们当然也不会让我感兴趣。
☐在美国上岸后得到的第一个深刻印象，就是美国人可能算不上世界上穿得最漂亮的，但却是穿得最舒服的。
那里看得到男人头戴着不堪入目的烟囱式高顶礼帽，但很少有不戴帽子的男人；还看到穿着难看至极的燕尾服的男人，但很少有不穿外套的男人。
美国人的穿戴显得舒适，这和在我国常可以看到的人们衣衫褴褛的情形形成了鲜明的对比。
☐我特别注意到的第二个特点是，似乎每个人都在急着赶火车。
这种情形对诗歌和浪漫爱情是不利的。
要是罗密欧和朱丽叶老是为乘火车而担心，或是在为返城车票而烦恼，莎士比亚就不可能写出那几幕如此富有诗意与伤感情调的阳台戏了。
☐美国是世界上最嘈杂的国家。
在早晨，不是夜莺的歌声，而是汽笛的呜叫把人们唤醒。
美国人讲求实际的头脑这么健全，却没有想到要降低这种令人难以忍受的噪音，真叫人吃惊。
所有艺术都依赖于精细微妙的敏锐感觉，这样持续不断的喧嚣，最终一定会损害人的音乐天赋。
☐美国城市没有牛津、剑桥、索尔兹伯里和温彻斯特那么美丽，那些地方有优雅时代的美好遗迹；虽然不时还是可以看到许多美的东西，但只能在美国人没有存心创造美的地方。
在美国人有意创造美的地方，他们显然没有成功。
美国人的突出特点，便是他们把科学应用于现代生活的那种态度。
☐在纽约走马观花地一走，这一点就一目了然了。
在英国人们常把发明家视作狂人，发明带来的是失望与穷困的例子简直不胜枚举。
在美国发明家受到尊重，他随时可以得到人们的帮助。
在那里心灵手巧、把科技应用于人类的劳动，是致富的捷径。
没有一个国家比美国更爱机器的了。
☐或许，值得指出的是，被许多人指为美国式英语的其实是老的英国式表达，它们在我国已经消失，却在我们的殖民地里留存下来。
许多人以为美国人常说的“I guess”（“我猜”）纯粹是一种美国式表达，但约翰∙洛克在他的The understanding (《理解论》）中就用过这种说法，就像我们现在使用“I think”（“我想”）一样。
英汉互译lecturenote2(仅供参考)解析
Lecture note 21、直译（literal translation）VS意译（free translation）直译：是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。
直译不等于硬译或死译，也叫逐字翻译——就是以词为单位进行考虑的，力求目的语的每个词都能与原语的每个词对等。
直译不仅能保持原作的特点,而且还可使读者逐步接受原作的文学风格，促进语言多样性，丰富目的语的语言形式，以利跨文化沟通与交流。
Eg:1.dark horse（黑马）brandy（白兰地）rifle（来福枪）carnation（康乃馨）litchi（荔枝）salon（沙龙）engine（引擎）gentlemen’s agreement（君子协议）one country，two systems（一国两制）2.to show one’s cards摊牌3.Soon got, soon gone.来得容易，去得快。
4.Speech is silver, silence is golden.雄辩是银，沉默是金。
5.There is no smoke without fire.无火不生烟6.The worst wheel of a cart creaks most.最坏的车轮最会嘎嘎响。
7.Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见，心不念。
8.来得易，去得疾。
Easy come, easy go.9.同一个世界，同一个梦想。
One world, one dream.10.She has many hot potatoes to handle every day.她每天都要处理很多棘手的问题。
11.Partly as a result of the recently increasing demand, whole sale tea prices havealmost doubled.部分由于日益增长的需求，批发茶的价格几乎翻了一番。
散文英译汉佳作赏析
散文英译汉佳作赏析散文英译汉佳作赏析汉译英散文佳作赏析：冯骥才《西式幽默》Western Humour冯骥才Feng Jicai学院请来一位洋教师，长得挺怪，红脸，金发，连鬓大胡须，有几根胡子一直逾过面颊，挨近鼻子，他个子足有二米，每迸屋门必须低头，才能躲过门框子的拦击，叫人误以为他进门先鞠躬，这不太讲究礼貌了吗？Our institute employed an English teacher. He looked very strange red-faced, golden-haired, with a thick growth of whiskers that reached all the way to the nose. He was really tall-- no less than six foot five. When he came in through the door, he had to lower his head to avoid banging against the door frame. It looked as though he always bowed to you at the door and that was much too polite.顶怪的是，他每每与中国学生聊天，聊到可笑之处时，他不笑，脸上也没表情，好象他不喜欢玩笑；可是有时毫不可笑的事，他会冷不防放声大笑，笑得翻江倒海，仰面朝天，几平连人带椅子要翻过去，喉结在脖子上乱跳，满脸胡子直抖。
常使中国学生面面相觑，不知这位洋教师的神经是不是有点问题？What was more, he never laughed, when he chatted with his Chinese students on amusing stories, nor did his face show any expression as if he knew no sense of humour. However, when it came to topics of the most dull nature, he would burst into uncontrollable laughter, roaring while rocking in his chair, almost falling flat on his back, his Adam's apple dancing up and down in his throat and his whiskers fluttering all over his face. Thestudents would then look at each other, wondering if he was in his right mind.一天，洋教师出题，考察学生们用洋文作文的水准，题目极简单，随便议论议论校园内的一事一物，褒贬皆可。
汉英散文翻译鉴赏
二十岁的时候，挤在人头攒动的公共大巴上，吃着甜筒，挺开心。三 十岁之后，看见破旧肮脏的的士都心烦，拜托！油价一跌，就去买车 吧，一路开往小康。 At the age of twenty, I felt happy squeezed in a crammed bus eating an ice-cream. After I have turned thirty, I hate to look at the dirty, worn-out taxis. Thank goddess! Once the oil price declines, I’ll buy a car to myself and drive all the way to a comfortable life. At the age of twenty, I felt so contented sandwiched in a jammed bus, eating ice cream. After thirty,even the sight of a shabby and sordid taxi may sicken me.OK! When the oil price goes down, I’ll buy a car and drive along the road of Well-To-Do.
The country had grown rich, its commerce was large, and wealth did its natural work in making life softer and more worldly, commerce in deprovincializing the minds of those engaged in it. 那时候国家富足，商业发达；财富充盈的结果，是生活日趋柔糜，思 想日趋世俗，而商业发达之后，经商的人眼界日益开展，不再像当年 那样的固步自封。（夏济安译）
英语翻译评析
英语翻译评析袁兆帆自动化1006班U2010137571.翻译原文Stopped at last！ A clever blow. He is down upon the pavement；and the crowd eagerly gather round him, each new- comer jostling and struggling with the othersto catch a glimpse. 'Stand aside！' 'Give him a little air！' 'Nonsense！he don't deserve it.' 'Where's the gentleman？' 'Here he is，coming down the street.' 'Make room there for the gentleman！' 'Is this the boy，sir！' 'Yes.'Oliver lay，covered with mud and dust，and bleeding from the mouth，looking wildly round upon the heap of faces that surrounded him，when the old gentleman was officiously dragged and pushed into the circle by the foremost of the pursuers.'Yes，' said the gentleman，'I am afraid it is the boy.''Afraid！' murmured the crowd. 'That's a good 'un！''Poor fellow！' said the gentleman，'He has hurt himself.''I did that，sir，' said a great lubberly fellow，stepping forward；'and preciously I cut my knuckle agin' his mouth. I stopped him，sir.'The fellow touched his hat with a grin，expecting something for his pains；but，the old gentleman，eyeing him with an expression of dislike，look anxiously round，as if he contemplated running away himself，which it is very possible he might have attempted to do，and thus have afforded another chase，had not a police officer （who is generally the last person to arrive in such cases）at that moment made his way through the crowd，and seized Oliver by the collar.2.我的翻译总算是让他停下了,漂亮的一拳!他倒在了路上,周围的人们一拥而上把他围住了,每一个刚到的人都要挤进人群中瞧一眼,”给我让开!””让他好好踹口气””胡扯,他不值得去踹那口气””那位绅士在哪呢?””在那儿呢,正沿街走来呢””给他让条路!””是这个男孩吗?先生””没错”欧利佛躺在地上,身上全是泥和灰尘,嘴角还流着血,惊恐的向上望着围住他的无数面孔,这时,那位绅士被在最前头的追捕者推挤着进入了人圈之中.“没错”绅士说道”恐怕就是这孩子”“恐怕!?”人群之中开始议论了”真是好样的”“可怜的孩子!”绅士说道”他受伤了”“是我做的,先生”一个粗手大脚的男人走进了说,”我一拳打到他的脸上,我的手也破了,是我抓住了他,先生”那个男人露出了尴尬的微笑行了个礼,指望得到一点酬劳,但是绅士却摆着一张讨厌他的脸,他不安的四处张望,就仿佛他自己打算逃跑.他很有可能这么做,从而再次引起一场追捕,不过幸运的是一位警察在这个时候从人群中挤了进来(每到这种情况他通常都是最后一个到场的),把欧利佛的衣领一把抓住.3.翻译评析此段文章描述的是[雾都孤儿]中的一个场景,其中主要描述的有3个形象,一个是绅士,一个是欧利佛,还有那个将欧利佛一拳打倒的男人,此段虽然短,可是对语言有很多直接引用,例如”Give him a little air”,”poor fellow”等,像此处,如果不结合上下文,光看这两句话的话,我们肯定只会翻译成”给他一点空气”,”可怜的同事”,所以我们翻译的时候必须要联系上下文,不然文章的每句话单独拿出来可能都是没有问题的,可是合到一起去的时候,也许就完全不能理解到底是什么意思了.对这三个人的描写也各有不同,对绅士而言,更多的则是利用了语言描写,绅士说的话”yes”,”I am afraid it is the boy”,”poor fellow”都是仅有几个词,感觉这样用语言描写,能够刻画出这位绅士不愿意和追逐者还有献殷勤者多说一句话,体现了绅士对他们的厌恶,虽然通过绅士的表情或者心理描写当然也能把厌恶表现出来,可是还是语言描写最能使读者更强烈的感受到这种感觉.因此,当我们翻译的时候,需要把这几个句子翻译的冷一点.将绅士的那种情感从文字之中表达出来.然而对于欧利佛则不一样了,此间欧利佛是一直没有说话的,可是需要将欧利佛内心的恐惧,和他被打倒的惨状表达出来,便只能对他的状态,外观进行描写,例如” Oliver lay，covered with mud and dust，and bleeding from the mouth，looking wildly round upon the heap of faces that surrounded him”这均是对欧利佛的状态的描写,由他的惨状和恐惧让读者产生对他的可怜感.而对那个一拳将欧利佛打倒的男人来说,作者很明显的把那对绅士献殷勤求酬劳的嘴脸描述了出来, and preciously I cut my knuckle agin' his mouth. I stopped him,sir,这句话的中的I stopped him,如果我们自己看,确实很容易理解是这个男人停下了逃跑的男孩,可是如果我们直接就翻译成我停下了他,这样会感觉非常的突兀,并且中文中也没有这种说法.所以我翻译成了我抓住了他,这个样子更加符合中文的习惯一点,因此,我们翻译不仅仅要遵从原文,也需要符合我们自己的语言习惯才行,其中还有看热闹的人的一句That's a good 'un！,我觉得这句话我可是好好想了一会儿的.因为一眼看过去,我们肯定会觉得这是”那真是个好un啊”的意思.然后就会完全不知所以然了,但是结合上下文来看,绅士这个时候也不确定是不是这个男孩,他说了”恐怕”,围观的群众对此当然是感到惊讶,所以翻译成”真是好样的”就比较合适了,有点调侃的语气了.所以翻译也是要看语境的,即使同样的一句话,不同的语境下,翻译的意思就会大不相同,这文章也一直都是以一个旁观者的视角去写的,所以我们的在翻译的时候也要忠实于这一点,不能翻译的时候改变视角.然而本文的句式也是翻译之中要注意的点之一,例如Oliver lay，covered with mud and dust，and bleeding from the mouth，looking wildly round upon theheap of faces that surrounded him这句话,主句就是Oliver lay,而此外均是此主句的状语,翻译的时候必须注意不能干巴巴的翻译成,欧利佛躺着,被泥和灰包围,嘴里流着血…必须对其中的状语之间的连接,身上全是泥和灰尘,嘴角还流着血,此处的cover我们都知道是身上,所以译为身上都是泥和灰尘更好,否则则会很奇怪.其实,翻译这篇文章的时候,我不仅仅翻译了一遍,第一遍翻译的时候,翻译完了自己读的时候,总感觉句子和句子之间就仿佛我前文中写道的一样,好像都是一个句子一个句子,而并不是一段文章,所以第二遍的时候,对着自己的翻译和原文,将翻译的句子与句子之间加了一些东西,使得句子能够读起来比较流畅,使之成为一个段落.还有的甚至连句子都不是,例如I cut my knuckle agin' his mouth这句话,我第一遍的翻译就是我切了自己的手抵抗着她的嘴巴.一读就觉得完全不是那回事,后来根据理解将之翻译成为了我一拳打到他的脸上,我的手也破了,这样才变得符合了我们的语言习惯.从这次的翻译之中我觉得我的收获颇多,因为很多地方咱们读了原文之后都是能够理解的.可是要是想用自己的话翻译出来,并且翻译成一个句子那还是需要下很多功夫的,像我水平不够,就只有通过多次翻译的方法将自己的翻译完善,同时我觉得翻译是个很有意思的过程,就像用自己的话把读到的故事给讲出来一样,同样是一个故事,我们可以把他讲的非常吸引人,也可以讲的平淡无奇.而这全靠我们讲故事的人的翻译水平了.。
经典翻译赏析(一)——单句篇5
2. My sweet, clever, attractive, economical, sensible little girl, free at last. 译文：我那性子又好、又聪明、又好看、又会当家、又识 大体的女儿，这可自由了。（吕叔湘译） 赏析：吕先生的这句译文是翻译界公认的佳译。译句几乎是 顺着原句逐词直译的，原句分两个句段，前长后短，译句也 分两个句段，前长后短，传达了原文形的美（句子前长后短， 象征了说话人经过了很长时间的期待，终于看到女儿自由了， 迫不及待地与外人道的欣喜）。原句中几个词也译得很不落 窠臼：“sweet”译为“性子好”（用在这里似乎没有此这 更恰当的了），“economical”译为“会当家”， “sensible”译为“识大体”，都是精雕细凿的结果。 另译：我那性子好、又聪明、又好看、 又懂事、又会过日 子的小女儿，终于自由了。（吕叔湘译）
8. Not a soul passed that way for a long while, and the faint notes of the band were the only human sounds audible within the rim of blue hills. (Thomas Hardy: Tess of the d'Urbervilles) 译文：那条路上，许久没再过一个人影儿。在青山环绕的 山谷里，那轻渺的铜管乐声，就是惟一能听到的人籁。 （张谷若译） 赏析：在拥挤、嘈杂、吵闹的都市里每天为不绝的噪音折磨 得寝食难安，读到这样的描写，您是否有一点点心动？ 另译：路上久久不见人影，青山廓里传来的幽幽管乐声算是 唯一能听到的人为之音。
经典翻译赏析(一)——单句篇5
1. He was sixty-five, his hair was grey, his face lined and there were pouches under his eyes, but he bore his years gallantly．(W.S. Maugham: The Razor's Edge) 译文：他六十五，头发花白，皱纹满面，眼下边两个肿眼 泡，但是他不服老。 赏析：将抽象的“he bore his years gallantly”译成 具体的“他不服老”，可谓简洁明了，读来痛快。 改译：他已六十有五，一头白发，满脸皱纹，泪囊鼓起， 还就是不服老。
经典英译汉文章翻译赏析
英译汉文章翻译赏析时间:2009年06月01日【英译中选段六】原文（by Robert Frost）The Gift OutrightThe land was once ours before we were the land’s.She was our land more than a hundred years.Before we were her people. She was oursIn Massachusetts, in Virginia;But we were England’s, still colonials,Possessing what we still were unpossessed by,Possessed by what we now no more possessed.Something we were withholding made us weakUntil we found out that it was ourselvesWe were withholding from our land of living,And forthwith found salvation in surrender.Such as we were we gave ourselves outright(The deed of gift was many deeds of war)To the land vaguely realizing westward,But still unstoried, artless, unenhanced,Such as she was, such as she would become.(原载 )译文（余光中译）：全心的奉献土地先属于我们，我们才属于土地。
她成为我们的土地历一百余年，我们才成为她的人民。
当时她属于我们，在麻萨诸塞，在佛吉尼亚，但我们属于英国，仍是殖民之身，我们拥有的，我们仍漠不关心，我们关心的，我们已不再拥有。
翻译-英汉语言对比
小组成员：周洁 邱文姿 周雯 徐倩倩 戴文君 丁家华
1. 主语与主题
英语的特点是主语突出 subject-prominent
“主语突出”是指在该语言里主语和谓语这两 个语法成分是句子的基本结构，句子中通常都 有“主语—谓语”结构（即SV结构）。
It is the time for class.
句子之间依靠各种关系词（介词、关系代 词、关系副词、连接词）来过渡和连接， 往往形成长句。
例1：
The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungry because he had had no food for two days.
英语——形合
重词形与句法，语言中有明显的逻辑 关系，强调形式上紧密结合，结构完 整。主要采用句法手段和词汇手段。 句间常用连接词语。
汉语——意合
重直觉，强调意念流，强调意识上结 合紧密。语法意义和逻辑关系常隐藏 在字里行间。主要使用语义手段，多 依靠语义的贯通，语境的映衬，少用 连接词语。
例：
上梁不正下梁歪 If the upper beam in not straight, the lower ones will go aslant.
例2：
昨天的事多亏你帮忙。
参考译文： Thank you for your help yesterday.
2. 形合与意合
形合 （hypotaxis):
借助语言形式手段来实现词语或句子的连接（包括 句法手段和词汇手段）
意合(parபைடு நூலகம்taxis):
从汉英两方面赏析英译古诗词
英语·“诗者根情、苗言、华声、实意。
”诗有咏景，有抒情，有托物言志，有情景交融，情意一体。
就中国的古诗词而言，其结构严谨，而意群模糊，重在写意。
而英语诗歌在结构上收放自如，在意群上富于层次，重在形体。
要充分理解英译古诗词，就得从汉英两方面着手去把握古诗词朦胧、含蓄、蕴籍的文化内涵。
现以陶渊明的《归去来辞》为例展开赏析，旨在帮助同学们学习英译古诗词，领略语言之美。
归去来辞陶渊明归去来兮！田园将芜胡不归？既自以心为形役，奚惆怅而独悲？悟已往之不谏，知来者之可追，实迷途其未远，觉今是而昨非。
舟遥遥以轻飏，风飘飘而吹衣。
问征夫以前路，恨晨光之熹微。
乃瞻衡宇，载欣载奔。
僮仆欢迎，稚子候门。
三径就荒，松菊犹存。
携幼入室，有酒盈樽。
引壶觞以自酌，眄庭柯以怡颜。
倚南窗以寄傲，审容膝之易安。
园日涉以成趣，门虽设而常关。
策扶老以流憩，时矫首而遐观。
云无心以出岫，鸟倦飞而知还。
景翳翳以将入，抚孤松而盘桓。
归去来兮，请息交以绝游。
世与我而相违，复驾言兮焉求？悦亲戚之情话，乐琴书以消忧。
农人告余以春及，将有事于西畴。
或命巾车，或棹孤舟。
既窈窕以寻壑，亦崎岖而经丘。
木欣欣以向荣，泉涓涓而始流。
善万物之得时，感吾生之行休。
已矣乎！寓形宇内复几时，曷不委心任去留？胡为乎遑遑欲何之？富贵非吾愿，帝乡不可期。
怀良辰以孤往，或植杖而耘籽。
登东皋以舒啸，临清流而赋诗。
聊乘化以归尽，乐夫天命复奚疑！Going Home%罗经国译Going home！The land will soon lie in waste①.Why shouldn’t I go home？Since I willingly let my mind be enslaved②bymy worldly desires，Why should I feel remorseful③and sadKnowing that what I did in the past cannot beredressed④，I can still retrieve⑤my mistakes in the future;I have not gone too far on the wrong path，And now I am on the right path of today，notthe wrong one of yesterday.The boat is moving swiftly⑥ahead with the windblowing on my garment，I ask the way from a passer-by and feel sadthat there is yet only a gleam of early dawn⑦.The shabby house is in view in the distance，I run happily towards it.The boy servant comes forward to welcome me，My youngest son is also waiting for me at the gate.Though the paths in the garden have nearlybeen decimated⑧，The pine trees and the chrysanthemums⑨arestill there.Holding the hand of my child，I walk into thehouse，There on the table is wine prepared.I take up the wine vessel and drink alone，Enjoying the view of the trees in the garden.I lean against the south window to indulge inmy lofty meditations⑩，Contented with the ease of living in a smallhouse.I find pleasure in walking in the garden every day，Though there is a gate，it is closed all day.With a staff I roam around輥輯訛，and rest wheneverI feel the need，And at times raise my head to look at thingsin the distance.Clouds drift out aimlessly輥輰訛from behind themountains，Birds will return to their nests when tired.从汉英两方面赏析英译□王贵学特别策划古诗词44英语·It grows dim as the sun sets ，I linger ，stroking the trunk of the solitarypine tree 輥輱訛.Going home ！I will cut off all human relations.Since the world is at odds with 輥輲訛me ，What should I seek by driving out in a carriage I will have intimate talks with my kinsmen 輥輳訛，And forget my miseries by playing on the harp and reading books.Country folks 輥輴訛will come to tell me that springhas come ，And that farm work will begin in the western field.I would either ride on a cart ，or row a smallboat 輥輵訛，Sometimes following a clear and deep stream that leads me to a valley ，Sometimes walking along a rugged and bumpypath 輥輶訛that takes me over a hill.Trees are growing boisterously 輥輷訛，Spring water is flowing smoothly.I envy all things that enjoy the blessings of nature ，And feel miserable that my life will soon be over.Alas 輦輮訛！How many more days can I live on thisearth ？Why not take life as it isWhy do I worry What am I aspiring to 輦輯訛I do not seek wealth and position ，Nor do I desire to live with fairies and gods 輦輰訛.I would go out alone on a fine day ，To cultivate farmland with my staff laidaside 輦輱訛.I would shout aloud on the top of the eastern hill ，And compose poems by clear streams.Welcoming death as part of the vicissitudes 輦輲訛oflife ，I would be contented with what is willed by Heaven.What else do I want一、从汉语角度把握诗歌的原味《归去来辞》是东晋陶渊明的著名辞赋，作于作者辞官归田之初，是一篇述志的作品。
第28届韩素音翻译比赛汉译英原文和参考译文(下)
韩素音青年翻译奖竞赛 | 译文评析（下） 原创： 中国译协 中国翻译协会 2017-01-10第28届韩素音青年翻译奖竞赛参考译文及评析—（下）汉译英汉译英竞赛原文屠呦呦秉持的，不是好事者争论的随着诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼的临近，持续2个月的“屠呦呦热”正在渐入高潮。
当地时间7日下午，屠呦呦在瑞典卡罗林斯卡学院发表题为“青蒿素——中医药给世界的一份礼物”的演讲，详细回顾了青蒿素的发现过程，并援引毛泽东的话称，中医药学“是一个伟大的宝库”。
对中医药而言，无论是自然科学“圣殿”中的这次演讲，还是即将颁发到屠呦呦手中的诺奖，自然都提供了极好的“正名”。
置于世界科学前沿的平台上，中医药学不仅真正被世界“看见”，更能因这种“看见”获得同世界对话的机会。
拨开层层迷雾之后，对话是促成发展的动力。
将迷雾拨开、使对话变成可能，是屠呦呦及其团队的莫大功劳。
但如果像部分舆论那样，将屠呦呦的告白简单视作其对中医的“背书”，乃至将其成就视作中医向西医下的“战书”，这样的心愿固然可嘉，却可能完全背离科学家的本意。
听过屠呦呦的报告，或是对其研究略作了解就知道，青蒿素的发现既来自于中医药“宝库”提供的积淀和灵感，也来自于西医严格的实验方法。
缺了其中任意一项，历史很可能转向截然不同的方向。
换言之，在“诺奖级”平台上促成中西医对话之前，屠呦呦及其团队的成果，正是长期“对话”的成果。
而此前绵延不绝的“中西医”之争，多多少少都游离了对话的本意，而陷于一种单向化的“争短长”。
持中医论者，不屑于西医的“按部就班”；持西医论者，不屑于中医的“随心所欲”。
双方都没有看到，“按部就班”背后本是实证依据，“随心所欲”背后则有文化内涵，两者完全可以兼容互补，何必非得二元对立？屠呦呦在演讲中坦言，“通过抗疟药青蒿素的研究历程，我深深地感到中西医药各有所长，两者有机结合，优势互补，当具有更大的开发潜力和良好的发展前景”。
这既是站在中医药立场上对西方科学界的一次告白，反过来也可理解为西医立场上对中医拥趸们的提醒。
英汉翻译评析(附参考译文)
英汉翻译讲解（1）I.英汉之间的差别：“对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他认识英语和汉语的差别。
”------吕叔湘国内学者的共识是：汉语是综合性的，描写性的，而英语是分析性的，逻辑性的。
在语言学上最重要的区别在于形合和意合的对比（contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis），英语重形合（形式上的融合），汉语重意合（意思或意境的融合）。
在句法方面，有学者形象地把英汉比喻为以下几种：1．雄孔雀/雄狮-----即英语习惯于把最着重的事物放在句首先说出来，开门见山，一语破的，然后再把各种标志一条条补述，一步步交代，慢条斯理，从容不迫，形成一条头短尾长地线性链，象头小尾大地雄孔雀。
而汉语则相反，其线性序列的展开好比画龙点睛，先把外围的环境与衬托一一交代周到，最后点出话语的信息中心，水到渠成，给人以豁然开朗之感，形成雄狮型头大尾小地局式。
例如：I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.译文：由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快地重新实现访问。
这使我感到特别高兴。
又如：The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely （不足地，不充分地；一定不，绝不）contested （斗争；比赛）.译文：如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。
汉译英赏析
外贸英语汉译英赏析(1)我们希望指出,这里市场竞争激烈,要想成功地销售出去,你方报价须具有吸引力,否则将有困难.共有五个分句,各自语法地位大不相同.汉语是一种流水句,分句间可以由逗号相连;但英语讲究形式上的相互照应,不同语法功能的从句必须反映在句型和关联词上.这是汉译英中比较重大的一条.也就是说,汉语可以用四个逗号隔出五个分句,但英语不可以,而是要用关联词,从字面形式上体现出其内在关系.例如, 可以认为, " 指出"的原因在于"竞争",当然也可以表现为"竞争"的逻辑结论是"指出",这样这个句子至少有两种英译形式.1)We would like to point out that because of the harsh / fierce competition inour market your quotation must be attractive to the buyers at our end befor e wecould sell successfully your products here.2) Fierce competition in the local market here means that, it seems obvious to us,it would be difficult for us to promote successfully the sale of your prod uctsif your quotation is not attractive to our end-users here.如果五个句子综合考虑,可以变换角度译为:We would like to point out that your quotation has to be attractive to the buyershere, otherwise it would be difficult for us to sell your products in thiscompetitive market.市场竞争激烈: fierce / harsh / competitive market(2)如果你方的价格做得开的话,我们相信能成大生意.像"价格做得开"和"能成大生意",这类熟语,与别的信函中可能出现的专业性比较强的术语一样,在商务英语中都可以做适当的淡化处理. 也就是说,无论汉语原文是专业色彩较浓的,还是相对口语化的,用于信函往来的译文都可以使用一般化的句型和词汇,只要说清楚事情就行,不必追求风格上的一致.a.If your prices are in line, we trust important business can materialize. b,If your prices are attractive, we believe we can make big business.英文站点:Financing Local Roads Construction:Small Markets Make Big Business./economics_research/reports_studies/finance_local_ roads/financing_road_construction.htmU.S. Firms Make Big Business With Iraq.3)很高兴收到你方8月25日询价,根据你方要求,今寄上有插图的目录和明细价目单.两个逗号,三个分句,两个完整的意思.四种处理译法:a.处理为一大一小两个简单句We were very pleased to receive your inquiry of August 25 and enclose our illustrated catalogue and the detailed price-list as you asked.b,处理为两个句子.第一句告知来信收到表示感谢,We are very pleased to receive your inquiry of August 25.We were very pleased to have received your inquiry of August 25.第二句根据特定要求采取寄上目录和价单的行动.(汉语原文中省略了主语,英译文中必须有主语,译文的主语可以是"我"或"我们"或"我公司",这样译文可以是以下的任何一个或其他变体:I am pleased to enclose our illustrated catalogue and the price-list for your reference.We are pleased to enclose our illustrated catalogue and the price-list for yourreference.For your information we are sending you a copy of our illustrated catalogue andprice-list.We have enclosed our illustrated catalogue and a copy of the detailed price-list foryou.Our illustrated catalogue and price-list are enclosed for your reference.Enclosed for your information are our illustrated catalogue and the detailed price-list as you asked.C,把对方"you"作为译文的主语,这种着眼符合国际信函中比较受重视的you attitude,值得提倡.这样需要改变谓语用语,也就是由"寄"改为"收".Enclosed please find our illustrated catalogue and the detailed price-list as youasked.You will find in the attachment our illustrated catalogue and the detailed price-listyou asked for.Would you please check and find our illustrated catalogue and the detailed price-list enclosed.D,译文主语为"目录".以物为主语在英语中远比汉语中用的多.The illustrated catalogue and the detailed price-list you asked for have been enclosed.Two copies of our illustrated catalogue and price-list , which you asked for, havebeen enclosed for your information.(4)根据你方要求可译为: in accordance with your request 或as per your requirement但不宜译为: according to your demand.前两种译法是对的,但显得有些公事公办容易产生距离感,因此不如译为:as you asked / as required / as requested 达意即可.(5)我方可保证收到订单后两周内交货.解析: 如果"交货"定义很明确,而且与客户的贸易条款已商量妥当,可译为:We guarantee to deliver the goods within fourteen days of receipt of your oder.但如果"交货"定义不明,贸易条款尚未商量妥当时,建议不要落实译为deliver the goods, 可以采用effect shipment 为好, 为了淡化或者中和汉语原文中的"可保证",而不把话说死,以免被动,可译为:We would try to effect shipment in fourteen days of the receipt of your order.因此,在商贸信函中,汉英表达不必要求句法与词上的一一对应,关键是把事情说清楚,更有效地为促成贸易而服务.(6) 寄上 / 邮寄 / 附寄 / 随信附上 / 随函附上一份这些汉语说法,可以译为下列方式之一. 与其他公文套语一样,这里的关键不是"字字对应"的翻译, 而是具体"语境"下的"语义等值"enclose ( v ) Enclosed is a copy of ...We enclose a copy of ... Enclosed please find a copy of...(7) 日期表达汉语,英国英语,美国英语有些区别,各自有相对固定的格式. 下列为国际商务信函中比较通行的正确表达方式.请注意词序,词间空格,基数词和序数词及逗号的应用:18 August, 2004 August 18, 200418th August 2004 Tuesday, August 18, 2004在比较正式的商务信函中,虽然有些外国客户也采用下列其中之一,但以下七种表述都不对,不好,不准确:5/4/05; 3-26/03; 4/7/2005; 11-6-04; 8.8.2004; Sep.14,2003; Dec.12/04因此我们给外国业务伙伴写信时,同一日期中的年月日次序,应当尽量考虑到收信人的背景,如果是英国人或英联邦国家的,可按英国式的"日,月,年"排列,(18 August, 2004 ) ;如果是美国公司或背景不是很清楚的,可按美国式的"月,日,年"词序排列( 如: August 18, 2004)（8) 我方产品质量上乘,价格合理.a. Our products / goods are both excellent in quality and reasonable in price.(原汁原味,活用介词in,非常地道的英文表达)b,质量上乘 high quality, super quality, reliable quality, excellent quality, superior inquality.c, 价格合理 reasonable price; rational price; moderate price; competitive price; street price; right price etc.(9) 询盘:Heavy enquiries witness the quality of our products.大量询盘证明我们产品质量过硬As soon as the price picks up, enquiries will revive.一旦价格回升，询盘将恢复活跃。
英汉互译 翻译赏析
• after the beating rain and fierce gusts of wind that had endured through the livelong night, there yet stood out against the brick wall one ivy leaf.(欧.亨利作
背景： 十一月份的时候，肺炎在小区里 • 戴译：但他还是袭击了琼珊。 • But Johnsy he smote; and 肆虐，许多人都染上了肺炎，琼 她几乎一动不动地躺在漆过的 she lay, scarcely moving, on 西也不例外。 铁床上，透过荷兰式的小玻璃 her painted iron bedstead, 窗，望着邻家无窗的砖墙。(欧. looking through the small 亨利作品选，2002，118) Dutch window-panes at the • 王译：但他竟然打击了琼珊； blank side of the next brick 她躺在一张油漆过的旧铁床上， 一动不动，望着荷兰式小窗外 house.(欧.亨利作品选，2002， 对面砖屋的墙壁欧.（亨利短篇 12) 小说选，2006，259）
评析：贝尔曼一直很关心琼珊和苏，所以在被告知琼珊的事之后，他因情绪
低落而有些微的不耐烦。我们认为这里戴欣的“你可真是婆婆妈妈的”相对更为 恰当，这更符合汉语里的口头用语习惯，也更符合贝尔曼的身份和心情。
to be easily seen;to be noticeable 显眼，突出 牛津高阶英汉双解词典
interests who live in a particular city or country 聚居人群 牛津高阶英汉双解词典
评析："colony"虽有聚居人群的意思，但这里我们觉得用王永年翻译的“艺术区”
哈姆雷特英文评析配汉语翻译对照
哈姆雷特英文评析配汉语翻译对照○1 The character of Hamlet is the most outstanding of his irresolute and、hesitant、 Facing the father was poisoned, mother to be possessed, Wang Quan is stolen, countries were coveted enemy of hate, Hamlet has strong revenge wish: " my destiny in the cry, make my whole body each fine blood vessels become like an angry lion、 Bones and muscles as hard、" "rest, rest, suffering soul! Well, friends, I with great passion, trust you two ; if in the hamlet of weak ability, can have to express to you his friendship, God, I"ll quit you、 Let us go ; please remember no matter what time should be kept、 It is an upside-down era, oh, shit I have to shoulder the responsibility of restructuring the course! Come, let"s go together、" the oath, Hamlet in this resolutely determined expression of their revenge of the firm belief、 But on the other hand, Hamlet to the killing of this seemingly simple actions are shown forordinary people to understand the concerns of complex, he had several times to kill enemies the chance, butin this complex work, revenge againWork not completed、 When he meets by chance to the enemy for their sin, revenge is flashed, and then he was transferred to the opportunity value thinking : " now I just started, he was praying、 I do it right now, he is a life died, I will revenge、 It need to calculate a、 A villain who killed my father, my son, the evil Chinese to go to heaven but then Hamlet first became an ideological struggle、○2 One side is murdered his father "s tooth pain, father dead sound collection, the other side is the life value of serious thought, born with a melancholy temperament、 Hamlet lies between the two hard wander、 "But is afraid of death went no one back that had never found the land, if there will also do not know how, so will shake, so they prefer to endure the punishment, rather than to some other unknown suffering like this, concerns that we have become a coward, also like this, decisions are colors on white layer of thinking ill ; this can bewith vigour and vitality of large for, as a result of this wonder out awkward and lose the name of action、" ○3 On the interpretation of a revenge plan became a bitter ideological breakthrough、 In this breakthrough in the process of Hamlet constantly see the darkness of the society, was trying to put myself into this dark world, with the enemy the same means to deal with the enemy; but the humanity and the faith of justiceis making the instinctive resistance、 In this kind of give tit for tat the ideological conflict, the evolution of Hamlet for a difficult choice、 "People are what a piece of work! Reason is very valuable! How power is infinite! Appearance and manner how endis whole, how wonderful! In action how like an angel! On understanding, how like a god! The universe of China! The intelligent part of the universe! But, for me, this clay extracted、 What"s" here "Hamlet in a sarcastic tone of speaking the words," this is a hamlet on the status of doubt, also the Hamlet a time order reflect the idea of him with suspicion、 Viewall around the world : human hypocrisy, Yan Liang,heaven "s injustice, finally, finally reached this suspicion state vertex : " to be or not to be" a pressing matter of the moment is to have his revenge, reviving the country、The meaning of life the overload of thinking, no doubt on the Hamlet irresolute and hesitant character played a role、○4 The personality decides destiny、tis the truth、 The tragedy of the tragic fate of his character buried a foreshadowing、In this character, ideas he was trying to torment revenge、 He became the full vengeance、 And all this leads him to weak mother mood is, on the beloved woman to pay no heed, leading him to kill love father, led to his eventual fall into the trap set by the enemies、 Finally, the desire for revenge is finally achieved, but all good things are broken: Hamlet"s lofty ideals and high aspirations, love like life, mother fragile existence ○5 This is a tragedy, with its roots in the Hamlet irresolute and hesitant character, this is the tragic character、○6 Read Hamlet, give us a great touch, in his character, Hamlet has created a human tragedy, let us、○1 哈姆雷特的性格特征的最突出表现无疑就是她的优柔寡断、面对着父亲被毒杀,母亲被占有,王权被窃取,国家被觊觎的家仇国恨,哈姆雷特有强烈的复仇愿望:"我的运命在呐喊,使我全身每一根微细的血管都变得像怒狮的筋骨一样坚硬、""安息吧,安息吧,受难的灵魂!好,朋友们,我以满怀的热情,信赖着您们两位;要就是在哈姆莱特的微弱的能力以内,能够有可以向您们表示她的友情之处,上帝在上,我一定不会有负您们、让我们一同进去;请您们记着无论在什么时候都要守口如瓶、这就是一个颠倒混乱的时代,唉,倒楣的我却要负起重整乾坤的责任!来,我们一块儿去吧、"宣誓,哈姆雷特用这种毅然绝然的方式表达着自己复仇的坚定信念、但另一方面,哈姆雷特对杀死仇人这一瞧似简单的举动却表现出了常人难以理解的疑虑情结,她本来有好几次杀死仇人的绝佳机会,但在这种情结的作祟下,复仇计划一次次功亏一篑、当她偶遇到仇人在为自己的罪孽祈祷时,复仇的想法只就是一闪而过,接着她就转入了时机价值的思考:"现在我正好动手,她正在祷告、我现在就干,她就一命归天,我也就报仇了、这需要算一算、一个恶汉杀死了我的父亲,我这个独生子把这个恶汉却送上天堂"于就是,哈姆雷特复仇首先变成了一场思想斗争、○ 2 一面就是杀父之仇的切齿之痛,父亲亡灵的声声追讨,另一面就是对生命价值严肃思考,与生俱来的忧郁秉性、哈姆雷特在这二者之间苦苦的徘徊、"要不就是怕一死就去了没有人回来的那个从未发现的国土,怕那边还不知会怎样,因此意志动摇了,因此便宁愿忍受目前的灾殃,而不愿投奔另一些未知的苦难这样子,顾虑使我们都成了懦夫,也就这样子,决断决行的本色上了惨白的一层思虑的病容;本可以轰轰烈烈的大作大为,由于这一点想不通,就出了别扭,失去了行动的名分、"○ 3 一个复仇计划就这样演绎成了一次痛苦的思想突围、在这个突围的过程中,哈姆雷特不断的瞧到社会的黑暗,力图让自己融入这种灰暗的世界中去,用敌人同样的手段来对付敌人;但就是人道与正义的信仰却做着本能的抵抗、在这种针锋相对的思想冲突中,哈姆雷特进行着艰难的蜕变与抉择、"人就是多么了不起的一件作品!理性就是多么可贵!力量就是多么无穷!仪表与举止就是多么端整,多么出色!论行动,多么像天使!论了解,多么像天神!宇宙之华!万物之灵!可就是,对于我,这点泥土里提炼出来的玩意儿算得了什么呢 "这里"哈姆雷特就是以一种讥讽的口气讲的这段话,"这就是哈姆雷特对人的地位的怀疑,也就是哈姆雷特的一种时代秩序观念的反映、她用怀疑的眼光去审视周围的一切:人性的虚伪,世态的炎凉,天道的不公,最后,终于到达了这种怀疑状态的顶点:"生存还就是毁灭 "而她的当务之急就是复仇,有重振国家、这种对于生命意义的超负荷的思考,无疑对哈姆雷特优柔寡断的性格起到了推波助澜的作用、○ 4 性格决定命运、这就是真理、哈姆雷特的悲剧性格为她的悲剧命运埋下了伏笔、在这种性格之下,她被复仇的意念苦苦煎熬、复仇成了她的全部、而这一切,导致她对懦弱的母亲冷语相向,对心爱女子的视而不见,导致她亲手杀死爱人的父亲,导致她最终落入仇人的布下的圈套、最后,复仇的愿望终于实现了,可就是一切美好的东西也都破碎了:哈姆雷特的雄心壮志,爱人如花的生命,母亲脆弱的生存、○5 这就就是悲剧,其根源就在与哈姆雷特优柔寡断的性格,这就就是性格的悲剧、○ 6 瞧完了哈姆雷特后,给我们很大的触动,在她的性格使然下,哈姆雷特制造出了一个人性的悲剧,让人反省、。
翻译 中英对译 英文散文赏析
原文巷柯灵译者-张培基巷，是城市建筑艺术中一篇飘逸恬静的散文，一幅古雅冲淡的图画①。
这种巷，常在江南的小城市中，有如古代的少女，躲在僻静的深闺，轻易不肯抛头露面②。
你要在这种城市里住久了,和它真正成了莫逆，你才有机会看见她③，接触到她优娴贞静的风度。
人耐心静静走去，要老半天才走完。
它又这么曲折,什么时候，你向巷中踅去，都如宁静的黄昏，可以清晰地听到自己的斑斑驳驳的苔痕，墙上挂着一串串苍翠欲滴小巷的动人处就是它无比的悠闲。
无论是谁，你的心情就会如巷尾不波的古井，那是一种和平的静穆，而不是阴森和肃杀⑩。
它闹中取静，别有天地，仍是人间。
它可能是一条现代的乌衣巷(11)，家家有自己的一本哀乐帐，使人忘忧。
译文The LaneKe LingThe lane, in terms of the art of urban architecture, is like a piece of prose of gentle gracefulness or a painting of classic elegance and simplicity①.maiden of ancient times hidden away in a secluded boudoir, is reluctant to make itslong time.③taste of the countryside at all. It is long and deep, so it will take you a long while to walk patiently and quietly through it from end to end. It is also so winding that it⑤when you look far ahead, but if you keep walking until you take a turning, you’ll find it again lying endless and still more quiet. There is nothing but stillness there⑥. At any hour of day, you can even distinctly hear in the, which, moss-covered and hung with clusters of fresh green wisteria, look almost like screens of primitive simplicity. Inside the walls are residents’ gardenswith In spring,beautiful peach and apricot blossoms atop the ⑧waving their red sleeves, will sway hospitably to beckon the pedestrians.The charm of the lane lies in its absolute serenity. No matter who you are, if youin the lane for a while⑨, your mind will become as unruffled as theancient well at the end of the lane. There you a kind of peaceful calmness rather than gloomy sternness⑩. There reigns peace and quiet in the midst of(11)where each family, secluded behind closed doors, has its own（12）The all-pervading and all-purifying atmosphere of water-like placidness makes one forget all cares and worries.评析:1、明喻（simile）.中文中"巷，是…"与英文中"like"相对应。
英汉翻译评析
长恨歌翻译评析长恨歌许渊冲译The Everlasting Regret汉皇重色思倾国;御宇多年求不得..The beauty-loving monarch longed year after yearTo find a beautiful lady without peer.杨家有女初长成;养在深闺人未识..A maiden of the Yangs to womanhood just grown.In inner chambers bred; to the world was unknown.天生丽质难自弃;一朝选在君王侧..Endowed with natural beauty too hard to hide;One day she stood selected for the monarch’s side.回眸一笑百媚生;六宫粉黛无颜色..Turning her head; she smiled so sweet and full of graceThat she outshone in six palaces the fairest face.评：在最后一句“回眸一笑百媚生;六宫粉黛无颜色”中;译者将“百媚”翻译为“full of grace”;在此处应取“elegance and beauty of movement or expression; a beautiful figure which she used in subtle movements of unparalleled grace”这一义;我认为此处强调的是“媚”这个字;这种美是无人能比的;以至于六宫粉黛无颜色;所以在翻译之时;可以把这种媚翻译成魅力;而且是“百媚”;此处“百”又不是真的“hundred”;而是一种“end of beauty; end of charm”..评：最后一句“六宫”翻译成six places 非常生硬;感觉没有体现中国古典文化中六宫的含义..同时fairest face 也太过于字面化;没有什么美感..回眸直接翻译为turning her head也是过于直接;体现不出古典诗歌所要表达的美..评：第二句杨家有女初长成中;womanhood just grow;womanhood 略感多余;前面已经用了maiden;意透露性别信息;无需再次强调女性身份;第三句中天生丽质难自弃;用endowed with natural beauty; endow 已有天生具有的意思;再用natural强调原生有语义赘余之嫌;一朝选在君王侧翻作selected for the monarch’s side; 太过直译;可以意译为入宫为妃;回眸一笑百媚生;六宫粉黛无颜色有承接关系;觉得;that放入前半句更好;that she turns her head; with a sweet and grace smile..评：诗歌标题“长恨歌”并非表达一种真正的恨意和痛苦;而是指唐明皇和杨贵妃无法长相厮守的遗憾和悔恨..“regret”正好有“悔恨;遗憾”之意;“everlasting”正好表达出了长久的意味..许渊冲的翻译避免了直接翻译的直白;又恰到好处地将两人无法长相厮守的遗憾表达得淋漓尽致;十分贴切..春寒赐浴华清池;温泉水滑洗凝脂..She bathed in glassy water of warm-fountain pool;Which laved and smoothed her creamy skin when spring was cool.许One cold spring day she was orderedTo bathe in the Huaqing Palace baths.The warm water slipped downHer glistening jade-like body. 杨评：在这句的翻译中;先看杨宪益翻译的版本;他用了order一词;觉得不妥;没有把获宠赏赐的幸福感觉翻译出来..许渊冲把华清池译成glassy water of warm-fountain pool;我觉得这样翻得更好;直接把华清池的特点说了出来;更让人明白诗的本意..云鬓花颜金步摇;芙蓉帐暖度春宵..Flowerlike face and cloudlike hair; golden-headdressed;In lotus-flower curtain she spent the night blessed.许Her hair like a cloud;Her face like a flower;杨评：两者的译本都注重了形美;句式工整;但许的版本还采取了压韵的手法headdressed和blessed;压尾韵..春宵苦短日高起;从此君王不早朝..She slept till sun rose high; for the blessed night was short; From then on the monarch held no longer morning court.许They took their pleasure in the spring night.Regretting only the spring nights were too short;Rising only when the sun was high;He stopped attending court sessionsIn the early morning.杨评：两者的翻译均都到位;杨的版本把诗的意思更直白清晰地表达了出来;而许的版本更为委婉精简..本人更喜欢杨的版本;杨的译本体现了更多皇帝与杨贵妃的互动情趣;更明显地表现出两人美好的爱情..。
汉译英赏析例文1
《中国翻译》余光中《尺素寸心》原文结构：第一段：回信的痛苦会减少读信时的快乐。
第二段：回信固然痛苦，不回信也未必就快乐。
写到不回信的心理挣扎。
第三段：真正要回信时面临的一系列麻烦问题。
以及作者对回信和友谊深浅之间的关系的一些思考。
原文印象：这篇《尺素寸心》字里行间流露着作者余光中丰富的情感和敏锐的观察力以及想象力。
读来趣味横生，令人回味无穷。
文风诙谐幽默，通俗易懂。
从文中可以看出，能写出此种文章的大家一定是对生活有着无比的热情，对人生经历有着深入的思考，对人情世故有着透彻的了解甚至是洞察。
佳句佳译赏析：1. 接读朋友的来信，尤其是远自海外犹带着异国风云的航空信，确是人生一大快事，如果无需回信的话。
To get letters from friends, especially airmail letters from overseas that bear the stamp of exotic climes, is unquestionably one of life’s greatest pleasures, provided, that is, that they do not call for a reply.原句就很有意思，前面读来语意流畅完整，直到最后杀出一句“如果无需回信的话”，令读者立刻心生共鸣，感到确实是如此。
笔锋由此一转，便十分明确地点出了本文的中心主题，就是回信的麻烦。
说到用词，就是“犹带着异国风云的航空信”很有意思，不同于普通的表达法，而是将信赋之以动感，让人可以联想到一封信的长途跋涉的旅途过程，颇有趣味，这是作者幽默清新文风的一个体现。
译文翻译得很精彩。
把“犹带着异国风云”译成“bear the stamp of exotic climes”，此处stamp本意为印记，标志，在这里要联系上下文进行适当的增词，虽然原文没有明确说明“印记”一词，但字里行间的意思正式如此，因此这是“stamp”用得好的原因之一。
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英汉翻译讲解（1）I.英汉之间的差别：“对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他认识英语和汉语的差别。
”------吕叔湘国内学者的共识是：汉语是综合性的，描写性的，而英语是分析性的，逻辑性的。
在语言学上最重要的区别在于形合和意合的对比（contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis），英语重形合（形式上的融合），汉语重意合（意思或意境的融合）。
在句法方面，有学者形象地把英汉比喻为以下几种：1．雄孔雀/雄狮-----即英语习惯于把最着重的事物放在句首先说出来，开门见山，一语破的，然后再把各种标志一条条补述，一步步交代，慢条斯理，从容不迫，形成一条头短尾长地线性链，象头小尾大地雄孔雀。
而汉语则相反，其线性序列的展开好比画龙点睛，先把外围的环境与衬托一一交代周到，最后点出话语的信息中心，水到渠成，给人以豁然开朗之感，形成雄狮型头大尾小地局式。
例如：I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.译文：由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快地重新实现访问。
这使我感到特别高兴。
又如：The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely （不足地，不充分地；一定不，绝不）contested （斗争；比赛）.译文：如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。
这一论断几乎是无可置辩的了。
2．葡萄/竹竿-----即把英语句子比作“葡萄型”结构，葡萄主干很短，其上附结着丰硕的果实。
而汉语句子则较短，一个短句接一个短句地往下叙述，逐步展开，内容像竹竿一样一节一节展开，常称为“竹竿型”结构。
She was beautiful, with long dark hair and brilliant green eyes.她长得很美，一头乌黑亮丽的长发，一双晶莹明亮的绿色眼睛。
She has smooth akin as pale and iridescent as the moon shining over a snow-covered landscape.她光滑的肌肤白里透红，宛如皎洁的月光洒在茫茫血地上。
3．多枝共干----英语句子中还有两个或几个动词共受一个状语修饰，共有一个主语或宾语，或者两个或几个状语共同修饰一个动词，两个或几个主语或宾语共一个动词，这就好比几根树枝长在同一根树干上，我们称为“多枝共干”式结构。
4．也有学者认为英语是一种弥漫着“男子气”的语言。
逻辑性、组织性和理性是以英语为母语的民族的思维支撑点，从而就形成了英语的“阳刚之美”。
而汉语自有汉语之美。
汉语不注重对客观现实作符合逻辑的形式的描摹，不执着于形式结构的规范，中国人的思维支撑点似乎更具有抽象，深邃和疏放的取向，由此繁衍生出的是显赫的暗示和幽远的意境从而形成汉语的“阴柔之美”。
汉语的魅力在于她的流散和疏放，系于她超凡的暗示力和意境性。
所以汉语的形式机制很弱，主谓宾没有形式标定，主谓间关系松散，宾语无定格，无定位，主语的超句承接功能很强。
如果说汉语是一种“人治”语言，那么，英语则是一种“理性”语言。
汉语能化逻辑为内在，英语则必须将逻辑外化，化作种种行合的标记，化作启转承合的纽带。
英语语法规范森严，理性十足；英语形式逻辑缜密，滴水不漏。
5．汉语是一种意境语言，一种艺术语言。
寥寥数词，就能出意境，出氛围，出画面。
当然，英语表情达意的优势也不能低估。
比如，metaphor比喻就是英语最大的优势。
这个比喻并非狭义上的把A 比作B不使用比喻词如as, like, as if等的隐喻/暗喻，而是广义上英语词汇的比喻义。
换言之，也可以说是英语词汇denotation（本义）之外的connotation（转义）。
试译下面句子，仔细体会汉语在这里给人体现出来的意境的美，英语体现的逻辑很清楚的理性的美。
）1．She was in a flood of tears. 她泪流如注。
（注意flood（本义是水灾）这个词的转义所表现出来的英语的美：）The corridors were flooded with girls.走廊里挤满了女孩子。
Strawberries flooded the market and prices dropped down.草莓充斥市场，价格下跌。
Beer flooded from the glass.啤酒从杯中溢出。
2．她就是这样风里来，雨里去，成年累月地工作着。
This is how she carries on her work, rain or shine, all the year round.3. 人言鼎沸：Many people talk together and the noise they make is like the bubbling of water boiling in a cauldron.4. 面如菜色：hungry looking; look famished5．西湖如明镜，千峰凝翠，洞壑幽深，风光奇丽。
（这里的汉语只有17个字，却勾勒出西湖的意境的美，而英语则要把这里的逻辑弄清楚，再把汉语内在的逻辑完全外化出来）The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with green hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty.6．The stage of mental comfort to which they had arrived at this hour was one wherein their souls expanded beyond their skins, and spread their personalities warmly through the room.他们那时所达到的欢畅阶段是：神游身外，脱却形骸，满眼生花，满室生春。
7．《红楼梦》袭人说：一百年还记得呢？比不得你，拿着我的话当耳边风，夜里说了，早起就忘了。
（汉语具有的超凡的暗示力，英语则要把暗示的逻辑外化出来。
）“I will remember if I live to be a hundred” said Aroma. “I am not like you, letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.”8. We had plenty of company in the way of wagon-loads and mule-loads of tourists---and dust. 同路的有许多旅客，有乘旅游马车的，也有骑骡子的---一路尘土飞扬。
9. Clearly, when it comes to marriage, practicing beforehand doesn’t make perfect.显然，在婚姻问题上，婚前同居并不能令婚姻生活趋于完美。
10. Change is part of life and the making of character. When things happen that you do not like, you have two choices: You get bitter or better.变化是生活的一部分，而且也塑造了人的意志品德。
当你不喜欢的事情发生了，你有两种选择：要么痛苦不堪，要么痛快达观。
试翻译以下短文：SV(student version), RV(revised version)Commentaries on the Version of “一个女人是这样衰老的”一个女人是这样衰老的题目的翻译SV：How a Woman Ages/A Woman’s Aging/A Woman Fades Thus/What causes a Woman to Grow Old/The Way in Which a woman is Aging/How a Woman Gets OldRV: The Way Woman Withers点评：Rhetorical Device: distillation and aesthetic hightlights of language, either Chinese or English/The successful employment of alliteration(头韵)1．二十岁的时候，我穿着一条背心式牛仔裙在校园里走来走去，一说话就脸红。
三十岁的我穿着名牌套装，坐在办公桌前，满脸冷酷地对下属说：“这么愚蠢的问题你也敢问？也不先打个草稿。
”SV: At the age of twenty, I walked about on the campus, wearing a vestlike jean skirt. My face would turn red whenever I speak. After I have turned thirty, I am seated in front of a bureau, in a suit of famous brand, reproaching a subordinate coldly “ How dare you ask such a stupid question? Why didn’t you make a draft first?”RV: At the age of twenty, wearing a jeans jumper, I moved about on the campus, my face blushing the moment I had the inclination to make an utterance. At the age of thirty, I, wearing a famous-brand suit and a cold look, reproach my subordinate bluntly, “How can you go so far as to raise such a silly, mindless question?”点评：Zeugma (轭式修饰法)：a figure of speech in which a single word, usually a verb or adjective, is syntactically related to two or more words, though having a different sense in relation to each. More examples:The senator picked up his hat and his courage/She possessed two false teeth and a sympathetic heart/ He lost the game and his temper.2．二十岁的时候，从图书馆借的是《莎士比亚全集》、《一个青年艺术家的自画像》和《尤里西斯》。