大学生职业决策困难研究的现状与启示

ㅜ31 ㅜ5 2009 9 Vol.31 No. 5 Journal of Tangshan Teachers College Sep. 2009

ũũũũũũũũũũ は ˖2009-04-06 㘵ㆰӻ˖օ ˄1986-˅ˈ ˈ⋣ ❖ Ӫˈ⋣ 㛢、 䲒⺅ ⹄ウ⭏ˈ⹄ウ Ѫ ⭘ ⨶ DŽ -111-

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䭤䈃φӖ Ģ І Ģ ӽ ѣ ㊱ φG446

⥤ḽ䇼⸷φA

ㄖ㕌 φ1009-9115(2009)05-0111-03

Current Research of University Students’career decision-making

difficult and its Enlightenment

HE Min 1, GENG Wen-chao 2

(1. School of Education Science, Henan University, Kaifeng Henan 475004, China; 2. School of Psychology, Southwest University,

Chongqing 400715, China)

Abstract: The research results of our country in the field of career decision-making difficult was analysed using the literature in our country. The research of the existing problems can enlighten our vocational education institutions.

Key words: university students; career decision-making difficultity; job-guiding engency 䲿⵰ ⨳䠁㶽 Ⲵ ˈ ⭏ ъ䳮Ⲵ䰞仈 ⳺ DŽ օṩ 㠚䓛⢩⛩ ⽮Պ⧟ 䘹 ањ 䘲Ⲵ ˈ ⇿ањ ⭏ 㘳DŽ Ѫ㙼ъ䘹 Ⲵ о Պ а 〻 к ӪԜⲴ⽮Պ սǃ㓿⍾ ԕ ⭏⍫┑ DŽ㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮 њӪ 㙼ъ䘹 ˄䘋 䱦⇥ 㙼ъ ˅䗷〻ѝˈ䶒Ѥ ㆆ ˈн⸕䚃㾱ӾһӰѸ㙼ъ Ӿ њ㙼ъѝ 䘹ањ ⭏Ⲵ 䳮[1]DŽ 㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮䘋㹼⹄ウˈ Ҿ 儈њփⲴ㙼ъ ㆆ≤ ˈ њփ 䘹 䘲 㠚 Ⲵ㙼ъ 䟽㾱Ⲵ⧠ ѹDŽ ↔ˈ 䙊䗷 亮о 㔃㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮Ⲵ⨶䇪⹄ウ 䇱⹄ウˈѪњփ ъ 䜘䰘 ⴨ Ⲵ ㆆ ⨶䇪кⲴ DŽ

1

㚂ѐ ㆌ 䳴⨼䇰⹊ガ⧦⣬

⴨ ⨶䇪⹄ウ䟽⛩ 㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮Ⲵ㔃 ㍐DŽԓ㺘 㿲⛩ Super Ⲵ㙼ъ ⨶䇪ˈHolland Ⲵ㙼ъ 䏓⨶䇪ˈ⽮Պ 䇔⸕㹼Ѫ 䶒Ⲵ⨶䇪DŽ

Super Ⲵ㙼ъ ⨶䇪䇔Ѫˈ 㙼ъ ㆆ䗷〻ѝ ⧠Ⲵ䖳 Ⲵ 䳮 о㙼ъ Ⲵ↓ 䱦⇥а㠤ˈ 㙼ъ Ⲵ

н 䱦⇥Պ⴨ Ⲵӗ⭏н 䍘Ⲵ㙼ъ 䳮DŽ 㙼ъ䘋 ˈ䶒Ѥ օ䘹 䘲Ⲵ㙼ъ˗ 㙼ъ ѫ㾱㘳㲁 օ䘲 㠚 Ⲵ㙼ъ㍐ ㅹㅹDŽо㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮ⴤ ⴨㚄㌫Ⲵ ѫ㾱 㙼ъ䘋 DŽ

Holland [2]Ⲵ㙼ъ 䏓⨶䇪 㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮Ⲵ㊫ ≤ 䘋㹼Ҷ ㊫ˈ 㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮⭡㙼ъ䇔 䳮ǃ㕪ѿ Ҿ 䇝㓳Ⲵ ԕ ⧟ њӪ䳌⺽ㅹ ㍐ 䎧ˈ Ҷ䀓㠚 Ⲵ㙼ъ 䏓Ӗ ㍐ѻаDŽ䈕⨶䇪ӗ⭏Ⲵ⹄ウ Holland,daiger Power Ҿ1980 㕆 Ⲵ Ⲵ㙼ъ 䟿㺘˄MVS ˅DŽ 26њ亩ⴞˈ3њ 䟿㺘˖㙼ъ䇔 䟿㺘˗㙼ъ 䟿㺘˗䳌⺽䟿㺘DŽ䟿㺘䟷⭘0ǃ1䇑 ˈ 㺘⽪о㻛䈅 䱵 на㠤 а㠤є⿽ DŽMVS Ⲵ 䜭∄䖳儈ˈ㻛 ⌋ ⭘ҾњӪ փ⍻傼DŽ

⽮Պ 䇔⸕㹼Ѫ 䶒ˈCrites [2] 㙼ъ䘹 䗷〻 ⟏䇪ˈ 㙼ъ䘹 㜭 㙼ъ䘹 єњ䟽㾱Ⲵ䗷〻 䟿DŽTaylor Betz [3]㔃 Bandura Ⲵ㠚 㜭㔃 ⨶䇪ˈ њփ ⸕ 㹼ԫ 㜭 к ˈԕ↔ 䀓䟺

ԛ31 ԛ5 ͱ 2009 9

-112-

㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮кⲴњփ DŽ 䘉єњ⨶䇪ˈ㖾 ⨶ Taylor Betz [4] 1983 㕆 㙼ъ ㆆ㠚 㜭 䰞 ˄CDMSE ˅ˈ⭘Ҿ⍻䟿њӪ䴰㾱 㙼ъ ㆆ Ⲵ㠚 〻 DŽ䟿㺘 ӄњ䜘 ˈ50њ亩ⴞˈ䟷⭘10⛩䇑 DŽ䟿㺘 Ⲵ DŽBetz ˈKlein Taylor 䇒Ҷ ㆰ ⡸ˈӵ25䚃仈ˈն 㢟 ˈ㕪⛩ ㍐㔃 䘈 DŽ 㘵嗉・㦓[5]ㅹ CDMSE Ⲵ ⹰к㕆 䪸 ⭏Ⲵѝ ⡸ ˈ 䇒Ѫ䟷⭘5⛩䇑 DŽ ⍻䇱 ⤜⢩ 㢟 ˈ 䖳 Ⲵ 䜘а㠤 䖳 Ⲵ䗘 ˈն㕪 ⁑ DŽ

䲔ԕк䟿㺘 ˈ Ҿ㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮Ⲵ⴨ ⹄ウ 䘈 㙼ъ ㆆ䟿㺘˄CDS ˅[6]ˈԕ 㖾 ⨶ Osipow ԕ㢢 ⨶ Gati [7]Ҿ1996 㿲⛩㕆 Ⲵ㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮䰞 ˄CDDQ ˅DŽ䈕䟿㺘⍻䟿й⿽ 䳮˖㕪ѿ ˗㕪ѿ ԕ на㠤Ⲵ DŽ 㘵 䮯⊏ㅹ[8]ǃ ⶯ㅹ[9]ǃ 㾯㩕[10] CDDQ 䘋㹼 䇒ˈն⴨ 䇱⹄ウ㔃 н ⨶ ˈ䈤 㕆 䘲 ѝ Ӫ㠚 Ⲵ㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮⍻䟿 㾱DŽ

2㚂ѐ ㆌ 䳴Ⲻ 䇷⹊ガ2.1 І

Ҿ㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮Ⲵ⹄ウ ⧠ ǃ 㓗ǃ ⣦ ㅹӪ ㍐ 㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮к DŽ 䮯⊏[8,p705]ㅹ⹄ウ㺘 ṑ ⭏ փк Ҿ㙼ъ Ⲵ⣦ ˈ ⭏∄⭧⭏ ⣩䊛н ˈ 㕪ѿ ˈ Ⲵн㢟 ˈ㘼⭧⭏Ⲵ㙼ъ䇔 䖳儈DŽ䘉њ㔃 Hijazi ㅹ Ҿ儈ѝ⭏Ⲵ䐘 ⹄ウ㔃 ⴨а㠤ˈ 㜭⭡Ր㔏Ⲵ 㿲 Ⲵ 䙐 ˗ 㓗 㺘 Ҽ 㓗⭏ ⵰ Ⲵн 䶐 ˈ ъ 㙼ъ ㆆ 䜭վҾ Ԇ 㓗DŽ 㦹ㅹ[11,p18]⹄ウ ⧠ ⭏ 䘹 ⴞḷˈ䀓 䰞仈 䶒 Ⲵ 䳮 㪇 Ҿ⭧⭏ˈҼ 㓗 ⭏㙼ъ ㆆ Ⲵ䖜 ˗ 、∅ъ⭏ 亩㔤 к ∄⺅ ∅ъ⭏ Ⲵ 䳮ˈ 、ǃ⨶、Ⲵ∅ъ⭏ 㙼ъ ㆆ䗷〻ѝⲴ 䳮 㪇 ˗㘼 㓿傼Ⲵ∅ъ⭏ 䘹 ⴞḷǃ 㿴 к 䳮 DŽ 㾯㩕[12]⹄ウ ⧠ 䇪 փ䘈 њ㔤 кˈ 㓿⍾ Ԧн Ⲵ ⭏ 㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮 㪇 ˈ 䎺儈 䳮䎺 DŽ

2.2 І

㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮нӵ Ӫ ㍐ ⴨ ˈ ҏ Ԇ ㍐Ⲵ DŽ 㦹ǃ傜 㲩[11,p19]⹄ウ ⧠ ъ㺘⧠ 㙼ъ ㆆ 㔤 䜭 ⵰䖳儈Ⲵ䍑⥞⦷ˈ㠚 䇴ՠѝⲴ⽮Պ ㌫ њ ⢩ 㙼ъ ㆆⲴ㠚 䇴ԧ 㿴 㔤 ѫ ⭘DŽ⦻⧞[13]⹄ウ ⧠㠚 ᾲ ԕ䙊䗷 ǃ䰞仈䀓 ǃ⢩䍘❖㲁 㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮ӗ⭏ ˈ㘼ф㠚 ᾲ 䘈䙊䗷 ⢩䍘❖㲁ˈӾ㘼 㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮ӗ⭏ DŽ 䮯⊏ㅹ[14]ㅹ⹄ウ ⧠ ⭏ ㆆ 䳮 Ҿѝㅹ лⲴ≤ ˈ ф 䖳儈≤ Ⲵ ㆆ 㜭DŽվ㠚 䇴ԧǃվ㿴 ǃվ 䳶ԕ վⴞḷ䘹 ⲴӪ ㆆ䗷〻ѝ ⵰ Ⲵ ㆆ 䳮˗䰞仈䀓 㜭 儈ⲴӪ 䀓 㙼ъ ㆆ䗷〻ѝ ⧠Ⲵ䰞仈DŽ 㾯㩕[12]⹄ウ ⧠䲔Ҷ 䭉䈟Ⲵ㙼ъ 䭉䈟Ⲵ ㆆ є к ˈ Ԇ к㙼ъ 㘵䜭∄㙼ъ 㘵 Ⲵ㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮˗ 㕪ѿ на㠤 㔤 кˈ 䗷㙼ъ Ⲵ ⭏∄ 䗷㙼ъ Ⲵ ⭏ Ⲵ ㆆ 䳮˗㙼ъ䘲 ≤ 䎺儈ˈ㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮䎺 DŽ

2.3 І ԅ

㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮Ⲵ 亴⹄ウѫ㾱 ⭡ ṑⲴ㙼ъ 㛢䖵 уъⲴ ⨶ 䈒⹄ウ㘵 Ⲵˈ ⌘⛩ 䱵Ⲵ кⲴ䰞仈DŽ 䮯⊏ㅹ[15]䙊䗷 儈ѝ⭏Ⲵ䈳ḕ⹄ウˈ ⭏⏟ ㊫ Ѫӄ⿽˖н⸕ ǃ⣩䊛н ǃн㢟 ǃ н䏣 ǃ 㢟 ˈ 䘋㹼㙼ъ䖵 Ⲵ ԕ ṩ 䘉ӄ⿽н ㊫ ⲴӪ㗔 н Ⲵ䖵 䇑 ˈԕ䗮 䪸 Ⲵ Ⲵ䖵 㔃 DŽ⊸䴚㨽[16]⹄ウ䟷⭘ փ䖵 Ѫѫǃ䈮〻䖵 Ѫ䖵Ⲵ 亴 ˈ 䝽 Ⲵ ㌫㔏˄ ⨶⍻䇴 ˅ ⭏Ⲵ㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮䘋㹼Ҷ 亴ˈ Ҷ㢟 Ⲵ DŽ⦻⧞[17]ㅹ й ⭏Ⲵ㙼ъ⭏⏟ ㆆ䘀⭘ փ䖵 Ⲵ 䘋㹼Ҷ 亴⹄ウˈ㔃 ⧠ 傼㓴 亴 㪇 ˈ㙼ъ⭏⏟ ㆆ փ䖵 ѝⲴ ⨶䖵 㜭 Ⲵ㙼ъ⭏⏟ ㆆ 䳮Ⲵ⣦ ˈ 儈ԆԜⲴ㙼ъ⭏⏟ ㆆ 㜭DŽ㺱 [18]ǃ ⭵[19]ㅹ䜭 㙼ъ ㆆ⭏⏟䖵 Ⲵ փ䖵 ⁑ 䖵 Ṹ䘋㹼Ҷ䇮䇑ˈ Ҿ 㙼ъ ㆆ⭏⏟䖵 ˈ 㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮䘋㹼 亴⹄ウDŽ

3

⧦ ⹊ガ Ⲻ䰤从 ⽰3.1

⧠ Ⲵ䟿㺘 䜭 㘫䈁 䇒 Ⲵ䟿㺘ˈ 䐘 Ⲵ⢩⛩ ⋑ 䘋㹼 㤳 Ⲵ ṧ傼䇱DŽԕCDDQ 䟿㺘Ѫ ˈ ⿽ 䇒⡸ ⲴCDDQ 䟿㺘 ⍻ Ӿ 㔃 к 䰞仈ˈ 㔤 к䘈䴰㾱䘋а↕Ⲵ㘳 ˈ н㜭 䶒 ⭏Ⲵ㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮Ⲵ⢩⛩DŽ ԕ օṩ ⭏Ⲵ⢩⛩ˈ 䘲 ⭏㙼ъ ㆆⲴ⹄ウ ˈӾ㘼 Ⲵ⍻䟿 䘋㹼䪸 Ⲵ䖵 俆㾱Ⲵ䰞仈DŽ

3.2 ԅ І ԅ Ӿ⨶䇪⹄ウ Ⲵ 䐟ˈ⨶䇪 ⹄ウ ˈն ⭘䘉⿽⨶䇪 㕆 Ⲵ䰞 䴰㾱Ự⍻˗Ӿ㓿傼⹄ウ Ⲵ 䐟 㜭䳮ԕ ・㌫㔏Ⲵ⨶䇪ˈն 䇱 儈ˈ ԕ ⺞ 㘳 ⭏Ⲵ㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮〻 DŽ օ 䀓 ⨶䇪⹄ウ 㓿傼⹄ウѻ䰤Ⲵ ケҏ ѪҶањ ⹄ウ㘵䴰㾱䶒 Ⲵ䰞仈DŽ

3.3 ԅ І ԅ ⭏㙼ъ ㆆ 䳮Ⲵ ㍐ Ӌ˛н Ⲵ