并列句和复合句 英语从句
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并列句和复合句
一、并列句。
并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列在一起构成。常见的并列句的结构是:简单句+并列连接词+简单句,这种简单句常被叫做分句。并列连词前可以用逗号,也可以不用逗号。常用的连接词如下:also, and, but, either…or…, however, not only…but also, or, or else, so, still, yet, neither…nor…等。
他学习努力并通过了考试。
Let’s hurry, or we’ll be late.
咱们赶紧点,要不就迟到了。
I have been to Beijing many times, but my parents have never been there.
我去过北京多次,但我父母从没去过。
These flowers are white, and those flowers are red.
这些花是白色的而那些花是红色的。
I am a worker, but my brother is a professor.
我是一个工人,但是我的兄弟是个教授。
注:当when作“就在这时(and just then)”解时,其引导的分句也是并列句。
Eg:I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of a shop for
clothes.
我正在街上徘徊,就在这时,我突然看见了一家服装店。
二、复合句。
复合句是由两个或两个以上的简单句用某种连接方式连在一起的句子。在句子中作某一个成分的句子叫作从句。
1.从句由连接词引导。
2.从句尽管有主谓结构,但不能单独成为一个句子。在句中,从句
仅担任某个成分。根据所担任的成分,从句可分为名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句)、定语从句和状语从句。
Eg:What he said is not true.
他说的不是实话。
I know it’s difficult to master English well.
我知道学好英语不容易。
The question is whether he will join us next time.
问题是下次他是否跟我们一起干。
The idea that Iraq could be taken within a week or two was an underestimation.
伊拉克在一两周内就可以被攻占的这一想法是估计不足(的想法)。
Do you know the man who is in the car?
你认识坐在汽车里的那个人吗?
I’ll let you know as soon as he comes back.
他一回来我就告诉你。
例题:______she couldn’t understand was___fewer and fewer showed their interest in her lessons.
A. What; why
B. That; what
C. What; because
D. Why; what
三、名词性从句。
名词性从句是指在句子中起名词作用的各种词性。按其在句子中的功用,名词性从句可分为4大类:
(1)主语从句------------在复合句中作主语
(2)表语从句------------在复合句中作表语
(3)宾语从句------------在复合句中作宾语
(4)同位语从句--------在复合句中作一名词的同位语。
常用的从属连词有:
that, who, whom, whether, if, what, whose, which, when, where, how, why等。
Eg: What they are doing seems very important.
他们要做的似乎很重要。(主语从句)
My hope is that he will be the best student in my class.
我的愿望是他成为我班最好的学生。(表语从句)
Do you know who he is?
你知道他是谁吗?(宾语从句)
I don’t like the idea that money is everything.
金钱就是一切,这个观点我不喜欢。
例题:It is pretty well understood______controls the flow of carbon dioxide I and out the atmosphere today.
A. that
B. when
C. what
D. how
1. 主语从句。
在句中起主语作用的句子叫作主语从句。引导主语从句的词有:that, who, whether, if, what, which, whose, when, where, how, why等。主语从句常出现在下面3中结构中。
(1)主语从句+谓语。
Eg:That she will come to our party is certain.
她来参加我们的晚会是肯定的。
Who cleaned the blackboard is not known yet.
谁擦的黑板还不知道。
That he’ll come to see us is really great.
他来看我们真是太好了。
(2)It+be+形容词(名词词组、过去分词)+that从句。
Eg:It is quite clear that the elephant’s ear is like a huge fan.
大象的耳朵像把大扇子,这一点很清楚。
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
鲸不是鱼,这时常识。
It is said that our school will be rebuilt.
据说我校将要重建。