joining processes and equipment(27)
加工工艺焊接,钎焊,焊接 Joining Processes Welding, Brazing, Soldering
1. Brazing and Soldering: Melting Байду номын сангаасf filler rod only
• Brazing: higher temperature, ~brass filler, strong • Soldering: lower temp, ~tin-lead filler, weak
Kalpakjian
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW): “TIG” (Tungsten-Inert-Gas)
• Typical good quality TIG welds
Resistance Spot Welding (RSW): “Spot Welding”
Kalpakjian
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW): “Stick welding”
• Older, simple technology • The electrode is also the filler rod • Only for steel • Strong welds if done properly (but often not) • Very high heat input: good for thick parts, bad for grain growth and distortion
Kalpakjian
Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW): “MIG” (Metal-Inert-Gas)
• ~Complex mechanism but simple to perform and easy to automate • The electrode is also the filler rod, fed continuously from a spool. It melts in the arc. • For steel or aluminum • Low skill level can achieve good weld • Medium heat input: distortion and grain growth are significant
焊接英文单词
焊接英文单词单词：welding1. 定义与释义1.1词性：名词、动词（作名词时表示焊接这一工艺或行为；作动词时表示进行焊接操作）1.2释义：通过加热、加压或两者并用，使两个或多个金属件连接在一起的工艺或操作。
1.3英文解释：The process of joining two or more pieces of metal together by heating, pressing, or abination of both.1.4相关词汇：- 同义词：soldering（软钎焊，与焊接有相似之处，但温度等条件有所不同）- 派生词：welder（焊工）、weldment（焊件）---2. 起源与背景2.1词源：源于古英语“weldan”，其根源可追溯到日耳曼语族。
2.2趣闻：在古代，焊接技术的雏形可能是铁匠将两块金属通过高温锻打使其连接在一起。
随着工业革命的发展，焊接技术不断进步，从简单的手工焊接发展到如今的各种自动化焊接工艺，在建筑、汽车制造、航空航天等众多领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
---3. 常用搭配与短语3.1短语：- welding rod：焊条例句：The welder selected a suitable welding rod for this job.翻译：焊工为这项工作挑选了合适的焊条。
- welding torch：焊炬例句：He held the welding torch firmly and started to weld the metal plates.翻译：他紧紧握住焊炬，开始焊接金属板。
- arc welding：电弧焊例句：Arc welding is widely used in the construction industry.翻译：电弧焊在建筑行业广泛使用。
- gas welding：气焊例句：Gas welding requires a special gas mixture for the best results.翻译：气焊需要特殊的气体混合物以达到最佳效果。
加工工艺的英语
加工工艺的英语Engineering manufacturing processes refer to the various techniques and methods used to transform raw materials into finished products. These processes play a crucial role in the modern industrial landscape, enabling the mass production of a wide range of goods and components that are essential to our daily lives. From the construction of buildings and infrastructure to the manufacture of consumer electronics and automobiles, engineering manufacturing processes are the backbone of our technological advancements.One of the fundamental engineering manufacturing processes is machining. Machining involves the removal of material from a workpiece using various cutting tools, such as lathes, milling machines, and drill presses. This process is particularly useful for creating precise and intricate parts with tight tolerances. Machining can be used to shape metals, plastics, and other materials into a wide range of components, from gears and bearings to medical implants and aerospace parts.Another important engineering manufacturing process is casting.Casting involves pouring molten material, such as metal or plastic, into a mold and allowing it to solidify. This process is commonly used to produce complex shapes and structures that would be difficult or impossible to create through other manufacturing methods. Casting is widely used in the automotive, aerospace, and construction industries, where it is employed to create engine blocks, wheel hubs, and structural components.Welding is another essential engineering manufacturing process. Welding involves the joining of two or more pieces of material, usually metals, by applying heat and/or pressure. This process is crucial in the fabrication of a wide range of products, from bridges and buildings to ships and automobiles. Welding techniques can be classified into various categories, such as arc welding, gas welding, and resistance welding, each with its own unique characteristics and applications.Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a rapidly evolving engineering manufacturing process that has revolutionized the way products are designed and produced. This process involves the creation of three-dimensional objects by building them up layer by layer, rather than subtracting material as in traditional machining processes. Additive manufacturing has opened up new possibilities in fields such as aerospace, medical, and consumer goods, allowing for the creation of complex, customized parts and products.Forming is another important engineering manufacturing process that involves the shaping of materials, often metals, into desired forms. This process can be achieved through various techniques, such as stamping, rolling, and forging. Forming is widely used in the production of automotive body panels, aircraft fuselages, and a wide range of other structural components.In addition to these primary engineering manufacturing processes, there are numerous other specialized techniques and methods that are employed in the production of goods. These include processes such as extrusion, which is used to create continuous profiles of materials like aluminum and plastic, and injection molding, which is commonly used to produce plastic parts and components.The selection of the appropriate engineering manufacturing process for a given application is crucial, as it can have a significant impact on the quality, cost, and efficiency of the final product. Factors such as the material properties, the desired product specifications, and the production volume all play a role in determining the most suitable manufacturing process.Moreover, the advancement of technology has led to the development of increasingly sophisticated and automated engineering manufacturing processes. Computer numerical control(CNC) machines, for example, have revolutionized the machining industry by allowing for the precise and efficient production of complex parts. Similarly, the integration of robotics and artificial intelligence into manufacturing processes has led to increased efficiency, quality, and safety in the production of goods.As the global demand for products and services continues to grow, the importance of engineering manufacturing processes will only become more pronounced. Manufacturers must continuously strive to improve their processes, adopt new technologies, and optimize their operations in order to meet the evolving needs of consumers and stay competitive in the market.In conclusion, engineering manufacturing processes are the foundation of modern industry, enabling the production of a vast array of goods and components that are essential to our daily lives. From machining and casting to welding and additive manufacturing, these processes are constantly evolving, driven by technological advancements and the ever-changing demands of the global marketplace. As we move forward, the continued development and refinement of engineering manufacturing processes will be crucial in shaping the future of our industrial landscape.。
materials and manufacturing processes的格式模板 -回复
materials and manufacturing processes的格式模板-回复Materials and Manufacturing Processes: A Comprehensive OverviewIntroduction:Materials and manufacturing processes play a vital role in the production of various products and goods. They define the characteristics, durability, and performance of the final product. Understanding the relationship between materials and manufacturing processes is crucial for engineers and manufacturers. In this article, we will explore the key components of materials and manufacturing processes, step by step.I. Materials:1. Definition and importance:Materials are substances used to create or modify the physical properties of products. They can be naturally occurring substances or artificially synthesized. The choice of materials directly affects the functionality, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of the finalproduct.2. Types of materials:a. Metals: Examples include iron, aluminum, and steel. Metals possess high strength and can withstand high temperatures, making them suitable for applications in automotive, aerospace, and construction industries.b. Polymers: Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating subunits. Common examples include plastics and rubber. Polymers offer excellent chemical resistance, flexibility, and electrical insulation properties.c. Ceramics: Ceramics are typically brittle, inorganic materials that offer excellent heat and chemical resistance. They find application in the manufacturing of pottery, electronic components, and construction materials.d. Composites: Composites are combinations of two or more different materials. By combining the desirable properties of various materials, composites offer enhanced performance. Examples include carbon fiber composites and fiber-reinforced plastics.3. Selection criteria:When selecting materials for a specific application, engineers consider factors such as mechanical properties, chemical resistance, thermal stability, electrical conductivity, and cost-effectiveness. The chosen material should fulfill the required specifications and meet the desired performance standards.II. Manufacturing Processes:1. Definition and significance:Manufacturing processes refer to the techniques used to transform raw materials into finished products. These processes involve a series of steps, starting from material extraction to final assembly. Understanding manufacturing processes allows manufacturers to optimize efficiency, reduce costs, and improve quality.2. Types of manufacturing processes:a. Casting: Casting involves pouring molten material into a mold to create a desired shape. It is a widely used process for producing complex metal parts.b. Machining: Machining processes involve the removal of material from a workpiece using tools such as lathes, millingmachines, and drills. This process is suitable for achieving precise dimensions and surface finishes.c. Forming: Forming processes include techniques like rolling, bending, and forging, which deform the material to create the desired shape. Forming is commonly used in the production of metal sheets, tubes, and structural components.d. Joining: Joining processes involve connecting two or more components to create a single entity. Techniques such as welding, soldering, and adhesive bonding are used to join materials together.e. Additive manufacturing: Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, builds objects layer by layer using a digital model. This process offers design flexibility, reduced waste, and faster prototyping.3. Selection criteria:The selection of a manufacturing process depends on factors such as product complexity, required precision, production volume, and cost. Manufacturers need to evaluate each process based on its suitability for the specific application.Conclusion:Materials and manufacturing processes are integral to the production of various products. The choice of materials and the selection of appropriate manufacturing processes significantly impact the quality, performance, and cost-effectiveness of the final product. By understanding the characteristics and capabilities of different materials and manufacturing processes, engineers and manufacturers can optimize their designs and ensure the successful realization of their products in the market.。
研究生学位英语考试试题
2005年1月份研究生学位课英语统考试题Paper OnePart I ：Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points )Section A (1 point each)1.A: He refuses to help the woman. B: He can‘t handle the equipment by himself.C: He thinks some other people can do it better.D; He thinks the equipment is too heavy for the woman.2.A: His colleagues have contributed a lot. B: All of his colleagues congratulated him.C. The award has been given to his colleagues. D He doesn‘t deserve the honor.3. A: He dislike Jack‘s name. B He doesn‘t care who Jack is.C He doesn‘t know Jack well.D He dislikes Jack.4. A: The man is cracking a joke on her.B It is impossible to buy a genuine antique for so little money.C The man is out of his mind about the old vase.D The man has run into a great fortune.5. A: He can‘t find a good idea about the problem. B He feels hopeless about the project.C He has encountered another problem.D He is going to give up the project.6. A: It is worthwhile. B It has a very tight schedule.C It was a waste of time.D It took him too much time on the road.7. A: It‘s useless to talk to the professor. B The professor is often unfair.C The man has done well enough.D The man can‘t be be tter next time.8. A The man should not say things like that. B The man should fight back.C The man should show his anger openly.D The man should not complain openly.9. A: She was injured in the shoulder. B She disliked the people who attended the party.C She was laughed at for her behaviour.D She was unpopular at the party.Section B (1 point each)Mini-talk One10. A: Improving the conditions of farm animals. B: Increasing the production of farm animals.C: Regulating the food marketing system.D: Regulating the food stores and restaurant chains.11. A: Because they want to save more money. B: Because they want the hens to lay more eggs.C Because they want the hens to grow more lean meat.D Because they want to sell the hens at a better price.12. A: Chickens should be kept in clean places. B: Pigs should be housed in large metal boxes.C: Farm animals should be slaughtered in factories.D Farm animals should be killed without feeling pain.Mini-talk Two13. A: Under the mountains is the state of Nevada.B: At the power centers in almost forty states.C: Under the deep ocean . D Near the inactive volcanoes.14. A: People object to burying it at the power centers.B: The power centers have no more space to store it.C: It is very dangerous to bury it in populous areas.D: The new site is the estate of the federal government.15. A; There are active volcanoes nearby. B: Some people still live in the area.C: The area is close to Las Vegas. D The area is geographically unsafe.Section C (1 point each)You will hear the recording twice. At the end of the talk there will be a 3-minute pause, during which time you are asked to write down your answers briefly on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions (请在录音结束后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上.) 16．What percentage of plant and animal species on Earth do rain forests contain?17. What critical role do rain forests play besides being home to animals and plants?18. How much has global output of carbon dioxide increased in the past century?19. To be classified as a rain forest, how should the trees look?20. How large is the size of the rain forest in South America?Part I Vocabulary Section A1.This student was expelled from school because he had forged some documents for overseasstudy.A frustratedB formulatedC fabricatedD facilitated2.Opinion polls suggest that the approval rate of the president is on the increase.A agreementB consensus Cpermission D support3. A man of resolve will not retreat easily from setbacks or significant challenges.A pull outB pull upC pull inD pull over4. As few household appliances are now perfect, this minor defect is negligible.A detectableB triflingC inexcusableD magnificent5. The U.S. athletes topped the gold medal tally for the 3rd straight time this summer.A directB proceedingC verticalD successive6. Despite tremendous achievement, formidable obstacles to development will persist.A difficultB sustainableC externalD unpredictable7. Moderate and regular exercise can boost the rate of blood circulation and metabolism.A restrictB reduceC increaseD stabilize8. The manager is seeking some cost-effective methods that can call forth their initiative .A efficientB conventionalC economicalD unique.9. The report proposes that students be allowed to work off their debt through community service.A pay offB get offC dispose ofD run off10. It was a tragic love affair that only gave rise to pain.A brought forwardB brought aboutC brought downD brought inSection B :11. As females in their 40s tend to ____ weight, they are to go in for outdoor activities.A take onB hold onC carry onD put on12. The shop-owner took a load of ____-crusted bread and handed it to the child.A fragileB crispC vagueD harsh13. The excessive hospitality ____ the local officials failed to leave us assured.A on the point ofB on the grounds ofC on the advice ofD on the part of14.These intelligence officers tried a ___ of persuasion and force to get the information they wanted.A combinationB collaborationC convictionD confrontation15. The terminally ill patient lying in the ___ care unit was kept alive on life support.A apprehensiveB intensiveC extensiveD comprehensive16. The very sound of our national anthem being played at the awarding ceremony is ____.A ice-breakingB eye-catchingC painstakingD soul-touching17. Leading universities in China prefer to enroll ___ brilliant high school students.A intellectuallyB intelligiblyC intelligentlyD intimately18. When a heavy vehicle is ___ in the mud, the driver has to ask for help.A involvedB stuckC interferedD specialized19. A risk or effect may diminish ___, but it may also increase for some reason.A at willB over timeC under wayD so far20. It‘s in your best ____ to quit smoking, for you have some breathing problems.A sakeB benefitC advantageD interestPart II. Cloze―Techno-stress‖----frustration arising from pressure to use new technology----is said to be 21 , reports Maclean‘s magazine of Canada. Studies point to causes that 22 ―the never-ending process of learning how to use new technologies to the 23 of work and home life as a result of 24 like e-mail, call-forwarding and wireless phones.‖ How can you cope? Experts recommend setting 25 . Determine whether using a particular device will really simplify life or merely add new 26 . Count on having to invest time to learn a new technology well enough to realize its full benefits. ― 27 time each day to turn the technology off,‖ and devote time to other things afforded or deserving 28 attention. ―People start the day by making the 29 mistake of opening their e-mail, instead of wo rking to a plan,‖ notes Vancouver productivity expert Dan Stamp. ―The best hour and a half of the day is spent on complete30 .‖21. A descending B narrowing C mounting D widening22. A pass on B range from C deal with D give up23. A confusion B construction C contribution D conduction24. A creations B promotions C productions D innovations25. A laws B boundaries C deadlines D barriers26. A convenience B advantages C flexibility D complexity27. A Put forward B Put across C Put aside D Put up28. A prior B major C senior D superior29. A fragmental B fictional C fractional D fundamental30. A relaxation B entertainment C rubbish D hobbyPart III. Reading ComprehensivePassage OneThe study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new Industry called biotechnology. As the name suggests, it blends biology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, specialize in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent seeds that give a high yield, that resist disease, drought, and frost, and that reduce the need for hazardous chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised concern about genetically engineered crops.―In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain limits,”says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment.―A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato…‖ Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to transfer adesired property or character. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans.In essence, then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.Like the green revolution, what some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity---some say even more so because geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and tissue culture, processes that produce perfectly identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. ―We are flying blindly into a new era of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential outcomes,‖ said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.31. According to the author, biotech companies are ______A mostly specialized in agriculture.B those producing seeds of better propertiesC mainly concerned about the genetically engineered crops.D likely to have big returns in their business.32. Now biotech products are made ____.A within the limits of natural genetics .B by violating laws of natural genetics.C without the interference of humans.D safer than those without the use of biotechnology33. In nature, genetic diversity is created ____A by mixing different speciesB within the species itselfC through natural selectionD through selection or contest34.Biotechnoly has made it possible ____A for us to solve the food shortage problem in the world.B for plants to be produced with genes of humans.C for humans to assume the cold-resistant property.D to grow crops with the taste of farm animals.35. According to the author, with the development of biotechnology ____A the species of creatures will be reduced. D we will suffer from fewer and fewer diseases.B our living environment will be better than it is now.C humans will pay for its side effect.36. T he author‘s attitude towards genetic engineering can best be described ____A optimisticB pessimisticC concernedD suspiciousPassage TwoThe practice of capital punishment is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted executions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the mid-18th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The controversy and debate whether government should utilize the death penalty continue today.The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document in the early campaign capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against executions duringthis period include French authors V oltaire and Denis Diderot, British philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith, and political theorist Thomas Paine in the United States.Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and inhumane, while supporters consider it a necessary form of revenge for terrible crimes. Those who advocates the death penalty declare that it is a uniquely effective punishment that prevents crime. However, advocates and opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its preventing effect. Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as a human right issue involving the proper limits of governmental power. In contrast, those who want governments to continue to execute tend to regard capital punishment as an issue of criminal justice policy. Because of these alternative viewpoint, there is a profound difference of opinion not only about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but also about what type of question is being asked when the death penalty becomes a public issue.37. We can learn from the first paragraph that in ancient times _________A death penalty had been carried out before government came into being.B people thought it was right for the government to conduct executions.C death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countries.D many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel.38. Why was capital punishment questioned in the mid-18th century in Europe?A People began to criticize their government.B The government was unjust in this period.C People began to realize the value of life.D Social critics were very active at that time.39. Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria ____A was the first person to question the rightness of death penalty.B was regarded as an important author criticizing capital punishment.C was the first person who emphasized the worth of the individuals.D first raised the theory against capital punishment.40. Critics of capital punishment insist that it ___.A violates human rights regulations.B is an ineffective punishment of the criminalsC is just the revenge for terrible crimes.D involves killing without mercy.41. The advocates and opponents of the death penalty _____A agree that it is a human rights issueB agree that it can prevent crimes.C explain its statistical analyses differentlyD think that they are asked different types of questions.42. The author‘s attitude towards capital punishment can be summarized as _____A supportiveB criticalC neutralD contradictoryPassage ThreeBears mostly live alone, except for mothers and their babies, and males and females during mating season. Bears form temporary groups only in exceptional circumstances, when food is plentiful in a small area. Recent evidence also suggests that giant pandas may form small social groups, perhaps because bamboo is more concentrated than the patchy food resources of other bear species. Other bears may live alone but exist in a social network. A male and female may live in an area partly shared in common----although they tolerate each other, each defends its range from other bears of the same sex. Male young usually leave their mothers to live in other areas, but female young often live in a range that is commonly shared with that of their mother.The key to a bear‘s survival is finding enough food to satisfy the en ergy demands of its largesize. Bears travel over huge territories in search of food, and they remember the details of the landscape they cover. They use their excellent memories to return to locations where they have had success finding food in past years or seasons. Most bears are able to climb trees to chase small animals or gain access to additional plant vegetation. The exceptions are polar bears and large adult brown bears----their heavy weight makes it difficult for them to climb trees.Bears that live in regions with cold winters spend the coldest part of the year asleep in sheltered dens, including brown bears, American and Asiatic black bears, and female polar bears. Pregnant females give birth in the winter in the protected surroundings of these dens. After fattening up during the summer and fall when food is abundant, the bears go into this winter home to conserve energy during the part of the year when food is scarce. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that a bear is easily aroused from sleep. In addition, a bear‘s body temperature drops only a few degrees in its winter sleep. In contrast, a true hibernator undergoes more extensive changes in bodily functions. For instance, the body temperature of the Arctic ground squirrel drops from 380C to as low as -30C.43. Most bears live alone because _________A they don‘t want to keep a social network.B each bear feeds on different kinds of food.C male and female bears can‘t tolerate each other.D they don‘t want other bears to share th eir food.44.According to the passage, bears of the same sex ____A can get along with each other peacefully.B share their range with each other.C live in an area partly shared in common.D can‘t live peacefully in the same area.45.As is told about bears in the passage, we know that _____A it is easy for bears to find enough food if they can climb trees.B a bear can long remember where it has found food.C all except polar bears are able to climb trees to catch their prey.D all except polar bears and adult brown bears feed on small animals.46. Bears sleep in their sheltered dens in cold winter because ____A their babies need to be born in a cold and protected surrounding.B they need to fatten themselves up in the cold season.C they need to convert their fat into energy in winter.D they can‘t find enough food in the cold season.47. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that _______A animals in hibernation don‘t wake up easily.B animals in hibernation are aroused regularly for energy supply.C the body temperature of animals in winter sleep doesn‘t change.D animals in winter sleep experience drastic changes in bodily functions.48. The passage is mainly about ___.A the species of bearsB the food category of bearsC the winter sleep of bearsD the behavior of bearsPassage FourThe young man who came to the door--- he was about thirty, perhaps, with a handsome, smiling face---- didn‘t seem to find my lateness offensive, and led me into a larg e room. On one side of the room sat half a dozen women, all in white; they were much occupied with a beautiful baby, who seemed to belong to the youngest of the women. On the other side of the room sat seven or eightmen, young, dressed in dark suits, very much at ease, and very imposing. The sunlight came into the room with the peacefulness that one remembers from rooms in one‘s early childhood--- a sunlight encountered later only in one‘s dreams. I remember being astounded by the quietness, the ease, the peace , and the taste. I was introduced, they greeted me with a genuine cordiality and respect ---and the respect increased my fright, for it meant that they expected something of me that I knew in my heart, for their sakes, I could not give ---and we sat down. Elijah Muhammad was not in the room. Conversation was slow , but not as stiff as I had feared it would be. They kept it going, for I simply did not know which subjects I could acceptably bring up. They knew more about me and read more of what I had written, than I had expected , and I wondered what they made of it all, what they took my usefulness to be. The women were carrying on their own conversations, in low tones; I gathered that they were not expected to take part in male conversations. A few women kept coming in and out of the room, apparently making preparations for dinner. We, the men, did not plunge deeply into any subject, for, clearly, we were all waiting for the appearance of Elijah. Presently, the men, one by one, left the room and returned. Then I was asked if I would like to wash, and I, too, walked down the hall to the bathroom. Shortly after I came back, we stood up, and Elijah entered. I don‘t know what I had expected to see. I had read some of his speeches, and had heard fragments of others on the radio and on television, so I associated him with strength. But, no ----the man who came into the room was small and slender, really very delicately put together, with a thin face, large warm eyes, and a most winning smile. Something came into the room with him ---- his worshipers‘ joy at seeing him, his joy at seeing them. It was the kind of encounter one watches with a smile simply because it is so rare that people enjoy one another.49.Which of the following is the best alternative word f or ―imposing‖?A EnthusiasticB HostileC ImpressiveD Anxious50. Which word best describes the atmosphere in the room?A TranquilB SolemnC ChaoticD Stressful51.How did the author feel when he was greeted with respect?A DelightedB AstonishedC EmbarrassedD Scared52. Which of the following statements is true about the author?A He talked little.B He was puzzledC He enjoyed the conversationD He got more respect than he deserved.53. The man didn‘t get deeply involved in any subject because they ____A had little knowledgeB didn‘t know one another well.C wanted to relax themselvesD awaited the arrival of someone important54. What can we learn about Elijah?A He was admired by others.B He was very handsome.C He was a man with determinationD He was happy to give speeches.Passage FiveSingapore‘s Mixed Reality Lab is working on new ways of interacting with computers, including wearable devices and virtual war room that will allow officials to work together online as if they were all in one place. Its director is a spiky-haired Australian, a postmodern match for the fictional British agent James Bond‘s tool man, Q.It is funded by the Defense Science & Technology Agency, which controls half the $ 5 billion defense budget, and sponsors hundreds of research projects every year. The agency came to worldwide attention last year when it took justone day to customize a thermal scanner in order to detect travelers with high fever, helping to stem the spread of SARS.DSTA is now working on a range of projects that are attracting attention in both the commercial and military worlds. It devised an air-conditioning system that harnesses melting ice and cool seawater to conserve electricity at the new Changi Naval Base, and could have broad civilian applications.Singapore can easily afford Western hardware, but off-the-shelf products are often unsuitable for the tropical conditions in Southeast Asia. For example, the DSTA is funding development of an anti-chemical-weapons suit that works not as a shield, but as a sort of weapon. The Singapore garments, made of a revolutionary plastic-like material that is much lighter and cooler than traditional fabrics, actually degrade suspect substance on contact.Much of the agency‘s work is geared toward helping this resource-poor city-state overcome its natural limitations, says its director R&D, William Lau Yue Khei. Conserving manpower is one of the agency‘s most critical assignmen ts, because Singapore is a nation of 5 million people dwarfed by larger neighbors, including Indonesia and Malaysia. Right now, the biggest DSTA project is computerizing a stealth warship so that it can run on half the usual crew. Making equipment lighter is a particular agency specialty, because the universal military rule of thumb is that a soldier should carry no more than one third his body weight, and that seems that smaller Singaporean soldiers should carry no more than 24 kilos, or 20 percent less than Europeans, says DSTA project manager Choo Hui Weing. One such program: the Advanced Combat Man System, has produced a lightweight handguard that controls an integrated laser range finder, digital compass and a targeting camera. Top that, Q.55. It can be inferred from the passage that Q is probably________A a mechanic in James Bond‘s garage.B a fictional Australian with spiky hair.C a director of the Advanced Combat Man SystemD An imaginary engineer who invents advanced equipment.56. Which of the following statements concerning DSTA true?A It became world-known for its high efficiency in preventing the SARS spread.B It funds numerous research programs, including Mixed Reality lab.C It devised an air-conditioning system now widely used in households.D It takes credit for conserving electricity at the new Changi Naval Base.57. The suit described in the third paragraph can be used as a sort of weapon mainly because ___A it is made of a new material resembling plastics.B it can reduce harmful effects of chemicals on it.C it has been adapted to the tropical weather there.D its light weight allows soldiers to carry more equipment.58. Which of the following is Not mentioned as a disadvantage of Singapore?A Smaller soldiersB Smaller populationC Limited defense budgetD Limited natural resources59. The Advance Combat Man System is mentioned in the last paragraph mainly to show ____A what DSTA has done to meet the country‘s special needs.B how sophisticated the equipments designed by DSTA can be.C why it is difficult for Q to compete with CHoo Hui Weing .D how Singapore‘s technology is superior to that of the British.60. The main purpose of the passage is to ____A analyze Singapore‘s defense system.B summarize the contributions of DSTA.C introduce the technical advantages of a small country.D describe the roles and achievements of a government agency.Paper Two Part IV TranslationSection AQuitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for smoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to begin with.The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and suggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases. Section B人们越来越意识到开发环保型产品的重要性. 为实现长期可持续发展, 发达国家应不惜代价减少温室气体的排放. 如果目前全球变暖的速度保持不变, 东京和伦敦等大城市从地球上消失的可能性将是20年前的10倍.Part V Writingwrite a compositions of no less than 150 words under the title of “Knowledge from books and knowledge from experience” . Your composit ion should be based on the following outline:1Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. 2．Explain which source is more important?Answer1-10 CDABD, ACCAB, 11-20 DBDAB, DABBD 21-30 CBADB, DCADC31-40 DBBBA, CBCBD, 41-50 CCDDB, DADCA 51-60 DADAD, CBCABTranslation : Section BThere is a growing realization/awareness that developing environment-protecting products really counts. To fulfil the long-term and substantial development, developed countries should at all costs decrese the emission of greenhouse gases. If the speed of global warming nowadays continues, the probability of disappearance from the earth to such big cities as Tokyo and London will be 10 times as fast as that of 20 years ago.2005年6月研究生学位英统考试题Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension（25 minutes, 20 points ）Section A (1 point each)1.A: To ask his boss for leave. B: To work in his place.C To meet his friend at the airport.D To cover his absence from his boss.2. A; He doesn’t want to go to the show, as he is not interested in it.B: He is not free to go to the fashion show with the woman.C He can’t go with the woman, as he has to finish his paper.D he can’t go with the woman, as he has a pile of paperwork to do.3. A: He has been pretty busy. B: He has been mad.。
工艺技术英文简称
工艺技术英文简称Craft technology is a vital aspect of many industries, including manufacturing, construction, and design. It encompasses various techniques and processes used to create products and structures with precision and efficiency. In this article, we will explore some of the key craft technologies and their applications in different fields.One commonly used craft technology is welding, which involves joining two or more metal pieces by melting and fusing them together. Welding is extensively used in the manufacturing industry, particularly in the fabrication of machinery, vehicles, and structures. It is a vital process for creating durable and robust products.Another important craft technology is machining, which involves shaping and forming materials using various tools and equipment. Machining techniques, such as milling, drilling, and turning, are used to create precise and intricate components for machines and engines. This technology is essential for industries like aerospace, automotive, and electronics manufacturing.In the field of construction, craft technologies like carpentry and masonry play a crucial role. Carpentry involves cutting, shaping, and assembling wood to create structures, furniture, and decorative items. Masonry, on the other hand, deals with the construction of buildings using bricks, stones, or concrete blocks. These craft technologies are essential for creating durable and visually appealing structures.In addition to traditional craft technologies, modern industries also rely on advanced techniques like 3D printing. Also known as additive manufacturing, 3D printing involves creating three-dimensional objects by layering materials, such as plastics or metals, based on digital designs. This technology has revolutionized prototyping and production processes in industries like aerospace, healthcare, and consumer electronics.Craft technologies also extend to the field of textile production. Techniques like weaving, knitting, and dyeing are used to create fabrics and clothing items. These craft technologies have evolved over the years with the advent of automated textile machinery. However, traditional handcrafted techniques still hold value in niche markets that emphasize artisanal craftsmanship.In the realm of design and art, craft technologies are essential for creating unique and visually striking objects. For example, ceramicists use techniques like pottery wheel throwing and hand-building to create delicate and intricate ceramic pieces. Glassblowing is another craft technology that involves shaping molten glass into various forms.In conclusion, craft technologies have a wide range of applications in different industries. Welding and machining are vital for manufacturing durable products, while carpentry and masonry are crucial in the construction sector. Advanced techniques like 3D printing have revolutionized prototyping and production processes. Similarly, craft technologies in textiles and design enable the creation of unique and visually appealing objects. As industriescontinue to evolve, craft technologies will play an integral role in achieving precision, efficiency, and innovation.。
做粘土会用到的英语
做粘土会用到的英语Clay is a versatile material that has been used for centuries in various forms of art and crafts. It is a popular choice for many artists and hobbyists due to its malleability and ability to hold intricate details. In this document, we will explore the English vocabulary and phrases commonly used in the context of working with clay.1. Introduction。
Working with clay involves various techniques and processes, such as molding, sculpting, and firing. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced artist, having a good understanding of the vocabulary related to clay can greatly enhance your communication and comprehension in this field.2. Types of Clay。
There are different types of clay available for artistic purposes. Here are some commonly used ones:Earthenware: A low-fired clay that is often used for pottery and ceramics.Stoneware: A high-fired clay that is more durable and suitable for functional pottery.Porcelain: A translucent and delicate clay that is often used for fine ceramics.Polymer clay: A synthetic clay that can be hardened by baking in an oven.3. Tools and Equipment。
ASME第IX卷-2013版 学习
• Section XII – Transport Tanks
Reference Codes参考规范
• Section ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้I – Materials • Section V - Nondestructive Examination • Section IX - Welding & Brazing Qualification
Hierarchy of Standard 标准的层次结构
1. Law and Regulation at Location of Installation 安装地的法律和规定(仅当安装地的法律和规定认可ASME规 范，ASME规范才适用，美国50个州，亚拉巴马州、爱达荷州、 新墨西哥州、南卡罗来纳州、怀俄明州不认可ASME规范,美国 以及加拿大各州认可ASME规范的程度详见NB-370) 2. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Group 1: • Construction Codes建造规范(仅适用于新建锅炉和压力容器） Group 2: • Reference Codes参考规范(仅当被建造规范引用时才适用) Group 3: • In-Service Codes 3. National Board Inspection Code(NBIC): NB-23(在役锅炉和压力容器的修理和改造)
Construction Codes建造规范
• Section I – Power Boilers • Section III – Divs. 1 & 2 – Nuclear Components • Section IV – Heating Boilers • Section VIII, Divs. 1, 2 & 3 - Pressure Vessels • Section X – Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels
油气储运专业英语
储运专业英语一、英译汉单词翻译CH1.Oil and Gas Fields 油气田1.1An Inroduction to oil and gas productiong油气生产介绍1.1.1gas processging气体加工1.1.2oil processing原油加工1.1.3water processing水处理1.1.4sand treatment砂处理1.1.5auxiliary equipment辅助设备1.2Brief description of crude oil surface treatment原油地面处理简介1.2.1 separators分离器1.2.2 oil treating原油处理1.2.3 heater-treaters加热处理器1.2.4 free water knockouts(FWKOs)游离水脱除器1.2.5vertical treaters立式处理器1.2.6 stabilization and sweetening of crude oil原油的稳定和脱酸1.2.7 storage tanks储罐1.3Treating oil field emulsions油田乳状液的处理1.3.1 theory of emulsions乳状液理论1.3.2 the major reasons for dehydrating crude oil原油脱水的主要原因1.3.3 treating methods处理方法1.3.4 some common terms一些常用术语1.4Overview of gas-handling facilities气体处理设备概论1.5Trays and packing塔板和填料1.5.1trays塔板1.5.1.1 sieve trays筛板1.5.1.2 valve trays 阀板1.5.1.3 bubble cap trays泡罩塔板1.5.1.4 high capacity/high efficiency trays高处理量/高效塔板1.5.1.5 bubble cap trays vs. valve trays泡罩塔板与阀板的比较1.5.1.6 tray efficiency and tower height塔板效率和塔高1.5.2 packing填料1.5.2.1 random packing随机填料1.5.2.2 stripping service规整填料1.6Gas sweetening气体脱酸1.6.1 gas sweetening processes气体脱硫工艺1.6.2amine processes胺工艺1.6.3 physical solvent processes物理溶剂工艺1.6.4direct conversion of H2S to sulfur H2S直接转换为硫磺1.6.5 gas permeation气体渗透1.7Dehydration of natural gas天然气脱水1.7.1 hydrates水合物1.7.2 dehydratoin of natural gas天然气脱水1.7.2.1 dew-point depression露点降1.7.2.2 liquid-desiccant dehydrators液体干燥剂脱水器1.8Hydrocarbon recovery and condensate stabilization烃回收和凝液稳定1.8.1hydrocarbon recovery processes烃回收工艺1.8.2absorber and stripper units吸收塔和气提装置1.8.3 condensate stabilization凝液稳定CH2 Pipelines管道2.1 types of pipelines管道类型2.1.1 oil pipelines输油管道2.1.1.1 flowlines出油管2.1.1.2 gathering lines集油管道2.1.1.3crude trunk lines原油干线管道2.1.2 gas pipelines输气管道2.1.2.1gas gathering集气管道2.1.2.2gas transmission输气干线2.1.3 products pipelines成品油管道2.2 other pipelines其他管道2.2.1two-phase pipelines两相流管道2.2.2LNG pipelines液化天然气管道2.2.3 CO2 pipelines CO2管道2.2.4 coal slurry pipelines煤浆管道2.3 rheology流变学2.3.1 what is rheology? 什么是流变学？2.3.2 viscosity黏度2.3.3 non-newtonian liquids非牛顿流体2.3.4 high pour and high viscosity高倾点和高粘度2.4 line pipes管道用管2.4.1 specifications规范2.4.2 steel pipe钢管2.4.3 other types of pipe其他类型的管子2.5 pumps and pump stations泵和泵站2.5.1 investment distributions投资分配2.5.2 pump stations泵站2.5.2.1 the number of pump stations泵站数2.5.2.2 station equipment泵站设备2.5.3 pumps泵2.5.3.1 centrifugal pumps容积泵2.5.4 types of station operation泵站操作类型2.5.4.1 put and take operation罐到罐操作2.5.4.2 float tank operation旁接罐操作2.5.4.3 tight line operation密闭操作2.6 compressors压缩机2.6.1 reciprocating compressors往复式压缩机2.6.2 centrifugal compressors离心压缩机2.6.3 compression ratio压缩比2.6.4 capacity and horsepower流量和功率2.6.5 other considerations其他考虑因素2.7 gas turbines燃气透平2.7.1 types of gas turbines燃气透平类型2.7.2 operation操作2.8 pipeline pigging管道清管2.8.1 pigging 清管2.8.2 example of pigging operatings清管操作的例子2.8.3 launching and receiving发送和接收2.9 pipe coating管子覆盖层2.9.1 exterior corrosion coating外防腐覆盖层2.9.2 concrete coating混凝土加重层2.10 inspection and rehabilitation检查和修复2.10.1 inspecion检查2.10.2 in-line tools管内检查器2.10.3 rehabilitation修复2.10.3.1 external corrosion外腐蚀2.10.3.2 trans alaska pipeline repair横贯阿拉斯加管道的修理CH3 storage facilities储存设施3.1 storage储存3.1.1 crude storage原油储存3.1.2 natural gas liquids天然气凝析油3.1.3 natural gas天然气储存3.1.4LNG 液化天然气3.2 tand classification罐的分类3.2.1 tank classification储罐分类3.2.1.1 atmospheric tanks常压罐3.2.1.2 low-pressure tanks低压罐3.2.1.3 pressure vessels (high-pressure tanks)压力容器（高压罐）3.2.2 major tank components储罐主要部件3.2.2.1 fixed-foof tanks固定顶储罐3.2.2.2 floating-roof tanks浮顶罐3.2.2.3 tank bottoms罐底3.3 floating roofs浮顶3.3.1 external floating roofs外浮顶3.3.1.1 roof types顶的类型3.3.1.2 support legs支柱3.3.1.3 vents通风3.3.1.4 drainage排水3.3.1.5 wind girders抗风圈3.3.2 internal floating roofs内浮顶3.3.2.1 steel roofs钢顶3.3.2.2 aluminum roofs铝顶3.4 rim seals边缘密封3.4.1 external floating-roof seals外浮顶密封3.4.1.1 mechanical shoe seals机械滑板密封3.4.1.2 resilint toroid seals弹性环密封3.4.1.3 flexible wiper seals柔性刷密封3.4.1.4 weather shield风雨罩3.4.2 internal floating-roof seals内浮顶密封3.5 tank emissions and venting储罐发散物和通风3.5.1 mechanisms of evaporation losses蒸发损耗机理3.5.1.1 fixed-roof tanks固定顶储罐3.5.2 tank type and emissions储罐类型和发散3.5.2.1 fixed-roof tanks固定顶罐3.5.2.2 external floating-roof tanks外浮顶罐3.5.2.3 internal floating-roof tanks内浮顶罐3.5.3PV valves压力真空阀3.5.3.1 general概要3.5.3.2 how the PV valve works PV阀的工作3.5.4 emergency venting 应急泄压3.6 tank foundations储罐基础3.6.1 introduction to tank foundations储罐基础介绍3.6.1.1 preliminary studies初步研究3.6.1.2 soil investigations土壤研究3.6.2 imprtant elements to consider in foundation design基础设计中考虑的重要因素3.6.2.1 foundation elevation基础标高3.6.2.2 drainage排水3.6.2.3 oil sand under tank bottom罐底下的油砂3.6.3 tank foundation types储罐基础类型3.6.3.1 concrete ringwall foundations混凝土圈座基础3.6.3.2 crushed-srone ringwall foundations碎石圈座基础3.6.3.3compacted soil foundations夯土基础3.6.3.4 slab foundations平板基础3.6.3.5 pile-supported foundations桩柱支撑基础3.7 fire prevention and foam system防火和泡沫系统3.7.1 foam fire fighting systems泡沫灭火系统3.7.1.1 fluidity流动性3.7.1.2 expansion膨胀性3.7.1.3drainage rate吸水率3.7.2 foam making devices泡沫发生装置3.8 oil storage in rock caverns在岩洞内储存石油3.8.1 storage at 1 atmosphere在大气压下储存3.8.2 cavern design and constrution岩洞设计及建造3.8.3 general operation and maintenance操作和维护3.8.3.1 pumps泵3.8.3.2 heating加热3.8.3.3 sludge 沉积物3.8.3.4 level control and volume measurement液位控制和体积测量3.8.4 advantages of rock cavern storage岩洞储存的优点CH4 construcion建设4.1 land pipeline construction陆上管道建设4.1.1 construction classification建设分类4.1.2 land pipeline construction陆上管道建设4.2 pipeline installation and road/river crossing管道安装和管道/河流穿越4.2.1 installaton安装4.2.2 road/river crossings道路/河流的穿越4.2.3 testing试压4.2.4 drying and cleaning干燥和清管4.2.5 station construction站的建设4.3 offshore pipeline construction海洋管道建设4.3.1 conventional lay barge常规铺管船4.3.2 reel barge卷筒船4.3.3 vertical pipelaying垂直铺管4.4 pull methods and tie-in牵引法和碰固定口连接4.4.1 pull methods牵引法4.4.2 tie-in碰固定口连接4.5 welding techniques and equipment焊接技术和设备4.5.1 welding processes焊接工艺4.5.2 welding procedures and equipment焊接程序及设备4.5.2.1 weld passes焊道4.5.2.2 manual welding手工焊接4.5.2.3 automatic welding自动焊4.5.2.4 preparation for welding焊接准备4.5.2.5 inspection and testing检查与试验4.5.2.6 weld defects焊接缺陷4.5.3 other joining methods其他连接方法CH5 corrosion腐蚀5.1 cause of underground corrosion地下腐蚀的原因5.1.1 electrolytic corrosion电解腐蚀5.1.2 galvanic corrosion电池腐蚀5.1.2.1 dissimilar metals不同金属5.1.2.2 dissimilar environments不同环境5.2 cathodic protection fundamentals阴极保护的基本原理5.2.1 corrosion and corrosion control腐蚀和服饰控制5.2.1.1 electrically insulating anode area from cathodic area阳极区和阴极区的电绝缘5.2.1.2 electrically insulating anode or cathode from the elecrolyte阳极或阴极与电解质的电绝缘5.2.1.3 treatment of electrolyte电解质处理5.2.1.4 use of nonmetallic materials非金属材料的应用5.2.2 cathodic protection阴极保护5.2.2.1 galvanic cathodic protection systems原电池阴极保护系统5.2.2.2 impressed current systems外加电流系统5.2.3 design and criteria for cathodic protection阴极保护的设计和准则5.3 pipeline corrosion管道腐蚀5.3.1 estimating the corrosion risk腐蚀风险评估5.3.1.1 intrinsic corrosiveness of the soil土壤固有的腐蚀性5.3.1.2 electrolytic effects电解作用5.3.2 corrosion protection腐蚀防护5.3.2.1 insulating coatings绝缘涂层5.3.2.2 cathodic protection阴极保护5.3.2.3 protection against electrolysis电解的保护5.4 tank corrosion储罐腐蚀5.4.1 descriptive nature of tank corrosion储罐腐蚀性质描述5.4.1.1 atmospheric corrosion大气腐蚀5.4.1.2 product side corrosion油品接触面腐蚀5.4.1.3 bottom corrosion罐底腐蚀5.4.1.4 vapor space corrosion蒸气空间腐蚀5.4.1.5 interface corrosion界面腐蚀5.4.1.6 bottom underside corrosion罐底下侧腐蚀5.4.2 corrosion control and prevention腐蚀控制及防护5.4.3 specific storage tank corrosion service problems专用储罐的腐蚀问题（石油产品）5.4.3.1 crude oil tanks原油储罐5.4.3.2 refined hydrocarbon storage tanks成品油储罐5.4.4 corrosion prevention with linings用涂层防腐5.4.4.1 basic types of lining涂层的基本类型5.4.4.2 surface preparation表面预处理5.4.4.3 precleaning预清洗5.4.4.4 abrasive blasting喷磨处理5.4.4.5 other surface preparation methods其他表面预处理方法5.4.5 corrosion prevention with cathodic protection用阴极保护防止腐蚀5.4.5.1 cathodic protection阴极保护5.4.5.2 polarization极化5.4.5.3 electrical potential measurement电位测量5.4.5.4 current requirements电流需求5.4.5.5 internal versus external cathodic protection内部与外部阴极保护CH6 metering installations计量装置6.1 metering gases气体计量6.1.1differential pressure meters差压流量计6.1.2 positive-displacement meters(PD)容积式流量计（PD）6.1.3 turbine-type meters涡轮流量计6.1.4 mass-flow meters质量流量计6.2metering of liquids液体计量6.2.1 types of meters in use在用流量计类型6.2.2 positive-displacement meters容积式流量计6.2.3 turbine meters涡轮流量计6.2.4 meter calibration流量计标定6.3 BTU measurement热值测量欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。
热加工：joining processes and equipment制造工程与技术(热加工)(1)
Why joining processes?
Without joining, there would not be modern industry. Because products or parts would be Impossible to manufacture Expensive Difficult to maintenance Hard to get different properties Difficult to transportation
Joining: Connect parts together. Joining is an all-
inclusive term (总称） ，covering processes such as welding, brazing, soldering, adhesive bonding（胶接）, and mechanical fastening.
The application The joint design The materials involved The shapes of the components to be joined, their thicknesses, and their sizes Others: the location of the joint within the product, component numbers, the operator skill required, costs and so on.
3
1
2
2
2
Resistance Welding
1
Linux命令高级技巧使用join实现高级文件连接和关联操作
Linux命令高级技巧使用join实现高级文件连接和关联操作Linux操作系统是一种广泛使用的操作系统，具有强大的命令行功能。
在Linux中，join命令是一种高级文件连接工具，它可以将两个文件按照指定的字段进行连接和关联操作。
本文将介绍join命令的使用方法和一些高级技巧，帮助你更好地利用join命令进行文件操作。
1. join命令基本使用方法join命令可以将两个文件按照指定的字段进行连接操作。
它的基本语法如下：join [选项] 文件1 文件2选项说明：-1 字段编号：指定文件1的连接字段，默认为第一个字段。
-2 字段编号：指定文件2的连接字段，默认为第一个字段。
-t 分隔符：指定字段分隔符，默认为制表符。
例如，我们有两个文件file1.txt和file2.txt，内容如下：file1.txt：1 Alice2 Bob3 Charliefile2.txt：1 出生于1980年3 出生于1990年4 出生于2000年现在我们要将这两个文件按照第一个字段进行连接，可以使用以下命令：join file1.txt file2.txt执行结果如下：1 Alice 出生于1980年3 Charlie 出生于1990年可以看到，join命令将两个文件按照第一个字段进行了连接，并输出了连接后的结果。
2. join命令高级技巧2.1 指定连接字段在默认情况下，join命令会按照文件中第一个字段进行连接操作。
但是我们也可以通过选项来指定其他字段作为连接字段。
例如，假设我们有两个文件file1.txt和file2.txt，内容如下：file1.txt：1 Alice2 Bob3 Charliefile2.txt：Alice 18Bob 21Charlie 25现在我们要按照文件1中的第二个字段（姓名）和文件2中的第一个字段（姓名）进行连接，可以使用以下命令：join -1 2 -2 1 file1.txt file2.txt执行结果如下：Alice 1 18Bob 2 21Charlie 3 25可以看到，join命令按照指定的连接字段进行了连接，并输出了连接后的结果。
装备制造业 ipd流程
装备制造业 ipd流程英文回答：Integrated Product Development (IPD) Process in Equipment Manufacturing.Integrated Product Development (IPD) is a collaborative, cross-functional process that integrates people, processes, and technology to develop and deliver products that meet customer needs. IPD is a customer-centric approach that focuses on delivering value to the customer through the entire product lifecycle, from concept to end of life.The IPD process involves a cross-functional team of engineers, designers, marketers, and other stakeholders.The team works together to define the customer requirements, develop the product concept, and design, develop, and test the product. The team also works together to plan and execute the production process, and to support the product after it is launched.IPD is a complex process, but it can be broken downinto a series of steps:1. Define the customer requirements. The first step in the IPD process is to define the customer requirements. This involves understanding the customer's needs and wants, and translating those needs into technical specifications.2. Develop the product concept. Once the customer requirements have been defined, the team can begin to develop the product concept. This involves brainstorming ideas, developing prototypes, and testing the prototypes with customers.3. Design, develop, and test the product. Once the product concept has been finalized, the team can begin to design, develop, and test the product. This involves creating detailed design drawings, developing a production plan, and building and testing prototypes.4. Plan and execute the production process. Once theproduct has been designed and developed, the team can begin to plan and execute the production process. This involves sourcing materials, scheduling production, and training production staff.5. Support the product after launch. Once the product has been launched, the team can begin to support theproduct after launch. This involves providing customer support, fixing defects, and updating the product as needed.IPD is a powerful tool that can help equipment manufacturers to develop and deliver products that meet customer needs. By following the IPD process, equipment manufacturers can improve their product quality, reducetheir product development time, and increase their customer satisfaction.中文回答：装备制造业中的集成产品开发（IPD）流程。
试谈焊接工艺要求(英文版)
试谈焊接工艺要求(英文版)Welding is a crucial process in various industries, such as manufacturing, construction, and automotive. It involves joining two or more parts using a fusion technique, which requires a set of specific welding process and quality requirements. In this article, we will discuss the welding process requirements and the importance of meeting those requirements.Firstly, one of the essential requirements is to ensure that the welding process is suitable for the material being welded. Different materials have different melting points and characteristics, which affect the choice of welding method. For example, gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is commonly used for joining steel, while tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) is preferred for aluminum and other non-ferrous materials. Using the wrong welding process can result in weak or poor-quality welds.Secondly, welding operators need to have the necessary skills and qualifications to perform the required welds. They should be properly trained and certified to ensure that they have the knowledge and expertise to operate the welding equipment and understand the welding procedure specifications (WPS). Welders must have a good understanding of factors such as current settings, travel speed, electrode positioning, and shielding gas flow rate to maintain the quality of the weld.Thirdly, it is crucial to properly prepare the base materials before welding. This includes removing any rust, dirt, or foreign contaminants that can affect the quality of the weld. In some cases, preheating the materials might also be necessary to preventcracking or ensure proper fusion. Proper preparation ensures good penetration and fusion between the base materials, leading to a strong and reliable weld.Another important requirement is to maintain proper shielding during the welding process. Shielding gas or flux is used to protect the weld pool from impurities and atmospheric contaminants that can weaken the weld. Without proper shielding, the weld can suffer from defects, such as porosity, cracking, or inclusions. Welders must ensure that the shielding gas flow rate and placement of gas nozzles or flux are appropriate to maintain a stable and protective environment during welding.Furthermore, post-welding treatment is also critical to maintaining the quality of the weld. This includes processes like heat treatment, stress relieving, and surface cleaning. Heat treatment can be applied to relieve residual stresses and improve the mechanical properties of the weld. Stress relieving can prevent distortions or cracking caused by residual stresses. Lastly, surface cleaning removes any slag, spatter, or oxides from the weld, ensuring a smooth and visually appealing finish.In conclusion, meeting the welding process requirements is vital to produce high-quality and reliable welds. It involves selecting the appropriate welding process for the material, having qualified and skilled welders, preparing the base materials correctly, ensuring proper shielding during welding, and applying appropriate post-welding treatment. Adhering to these requirements ensures strong and durable welds, which are crucial for maintaining the integrity and safety of various structures and products.当涉及到焊接过程时，有一些重要的因素可以直接影响到焊接质量。
joinlp参数
joinlp参数
`joinlp` 是 JoinLP 的一个函数，它通常用于在线性规划（Linear Programming）中执行两个或更多集合的集合操作。
在 JoinLP 中，
`joinlp` 函数允许您连接两个或多个线性规划问题，以便同时解决它们。
`joinlp` 函数的具体参数可能因不同的实现和版本而异。
但是，通常它接受以下参数：
1. 第一个线性规划问题：这通常是一个包含目标函数、约束条件和决策变量的线性规划问题。
2. 第二个线性规划问题：这是要与第一个问题连接的第二个线性规划问题。
3. 连接参数：这些参数定义了如何将两个问题连接在一起。
这可能包括连接约束条件、决策变量或目标函数的方法。
4. 其他参数：根据具体实现，可能还有其他参数，例如求解器的选择、收敛容差等。
请注意，具体的参数和用法可能会根据您使用的 JoinLP 版本和实现而有所不同。
因此，建议查阅您使用的特定版本的文档或参考资料，以获取准确和详细的信息。
机电工程英语词典
机电工程英语词典以下为您提供 20 个关于机电工程的相关内容，包括英语释义、短语、单词、用法和双语例句：---## 单词 1: Motor （[ˈməʊtə(r)] ）**英语释义**：A machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to produce movement.**短语**：electric motor（电动机）**用法**：作名词，指“发动机；马达；电动机”**双语例句**：The motor of the car broke down.（汽车的发动机坏了。
）This electric motor is very powerful.（这台电动机功率很大。
）## 单词 2: Generator （[ˈdʒenəreɪtə(r)] ）**英语释义**：A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.**短语**：power generator（发电机）**用法**：作名词，指“发电机；发生器”**双语例句**：The generator provides electricity for the entire factory.（这台发电机为整个工厂供电。
）A wind generator can produce clean energy.（风力发电机可以产生清洁能源。
）## 单词 3: Circuit （[ˈsɜːkɪt] ）**英语释义**：A closed path through which an electric current flows.**短语**：electric circuit（电路）**用法**：作名词，指“电路；巡回；一圈”**双语例句**：There is a fault in the circuit.（电路有故障。
黑龙江省普通高中2021-2022学年学业水平合格性考试英语模拟练习题(一)
黑龙江省普通高中2021-2022学年学业水平合格性考试英语模拟练习题（一）一、听力选择题1. Where does the conversation probably take place?A．In a bookstore.B．In a library.C．In a hotel.2. Where does the conversation probably take place?A．In a bakery.B．In a zoo.C．In a restaurant.3. What will Jack do next?A．Collect some information.B．Discuss with some students.C．Get the woman’s opinion.4. What is the man going to do tomorrow?A．Prepare for a test.B．Study with Jennifer C．Take an oral test.5. What's the possible relationship between the speakers?A．Husband and wife.B．Boss and secretary.C．Customer and saleswoman.二、听力选择题6. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. How many persons planned to spend the weekend with the man?A．Three.B．Two.C．Four.2. Why can’t the woman go to Disneyland this weekend?A．She has to prepare for a test.B．She plans to see some old friends.C．She wants to get some rest at home.3. With whom will the man probably spend the weekend?A．Tom.B．Mike.C．Sam.7. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
kistler nc joining system 使用手册说明书
NC Joining SystemsSolutions for Energy-Efficient and Highly Flexible Press-Fit andJoining ProcessesAbsolute attention fortomorrow's worldKistler develops measurement solutions consisting of sensors, electronics, systems and services. In the physical border area between emissions reduction, quality control, mobility and vehicle safety, we deliver excellence for a future- oriented world and create ideal conditions for Industry 4.0. We thereby facilitate innovation and growthfor – and with – our customers.Kistler stands for progress in motor monitoring, vehicle safety and vehicle dynamics and provides valuable data for the development of the efficient vehicles of tomorrow.Kistler measurement technology ensurestop performance in sport diagnostics,traffic data acquisition, cutting force analysisand other applications where absolutemeasurement accuracy is required.Kistler systems support all steps ofnetworked, digitalized production andensure maximum process efficiencyand profitability in the smart factories ofthe next generation.ContentsResource optimization thanks to integratedprocess monitoring 4Overview NC Joining ModulesNC Joining Module NCFT and NCFH 7NC Joining Module NCFS and NCFN 8NC Joining Module NCFE and NCFR 9System Overview 10maXYmos NC 12DIM Cable Extender 12Servo Amplifier IndraDrive 12Evaluation Objects EOs 13Kistler service: customized solutions from A–Z 14Transparent production processes ensure quality and reduce costsResource optimization thanks to integrated process monitoringThe integration of process monitoring has become a factor ofincreasing importance in industrial production. It is especially the field of press-fit and joining applications where the electromechanical NC joining systems made by Kistler tower head and shoulder above conventional systems: They play a significant role in the cutting of energy costs, the increase of system utilization and the overall boost in production efficiency.For industries dependent on automated production thepro-duction, reducing energy costs is paramount to their ability to compete in the global marketplace. It is for this reason that a widening number of companies operating in the automotive and automotive supplier industry opt for the NC joining systems made by Kistler to lower the cost of their series production. A few of the key advantages that Kistler electromechanical systems offer over pneumatic or hydraulic processes include a dramatically higher level of efficiency, press-fit forces that can be set with perfect accuracy, and an exceptionally high level of repeatability.Advantages•Enhanced quality thanks to integrated process control •Traceable process results•Higher energy efficiency, translating to savings of up to 80 %•Lower operating costs•Global presenceImproved economic efficiency thanks to optimized system utilizationOffering a comprehensive range of cutting-edge joining systems for the force range of up to 300 kN – from compact standardized single modules to custom designs tailored to the customer's specific requirements – Kistler is setting new standards on the global market.Regardless of whether they are used for transmission and engine assembly or for the assembly of wheel carrier, wheel set and chassis: The NC joining systems made by Kistler allow for high-precision control of all traversing movements performed during assembly and product inspection. Better still, the options to switch between the different measuring ranges of the NCjoining systems and to easily switch between measuring programs make it possible to use the same machine for manufacturing a wide variety of different components. The systems thereby provide for a sustained increase in system utilization andeconomical operation over the long-term.Joining control Kistler – experience it online nowWatch our animation for an up-close and personal look ofour first-rate Kistler solutions – the safest way to achieve a quality rating of 100 % in your production:/nc-joiningSize 2Type 2157B...Type 2151B...NCFH,Type 2151B...NCFS,Type 2152B...NCFN,Type 2153A...NCFE,Type 2162A...NCFR,Type 2161A...NC Joining Module NCFH, for joining processes with low forceNC Joining Module NCFT, for joining processes with low forceNC Joining Module NCFN, standard design for medium to high forceNC Joining Module NCFS, for joining processes with a narrow axle distance Type 2152B...Type 2153A...NC Joining Module NCFE, with cost optimized standard designType 2162A...NC Joining Module NCFR, for joining processes and rotational movementType 2161A...Kistler provides the optimally configured system technology for each quality assurance strategyMonitoring and control of NC Joining ModulesAdvantages•128 independent programs with up to 10 evaluation elements•Storage for 500 curves, 8 000 measuring points per curve •Flexible system concept: desktop/ wall-mounted •Measuring modules can be cascaded •Uniform operating philosophyAs the core element of the joining system, the maXYmos NC monitors and controls the entire joining process. Sporting anintuitive touch screen display and an integrated sequence control, the system offers exceptional usability and an outstanding degree of flexibility making it suitable for joining process ranging from simple to highly complex.maXYmos NC controls, monitors, evaluates and documents XY curves for joining and press-fit processes, together with NC joining modules and the IndraDrive servo amplifier that is included in the system. The shape of the measurement curves allows the quality of individual manufacturing steps, assembly groups or even an entire product to be monitored and controlled via SERCOS III in real-time. This means that optimum cycle times can be implemented with maximum repeat accuracy. Since unplanned downtimes are minimized, machine availability and the productivity of the manufacturing process are increased.Für jedes der bis zu 128 Programme besteht die Möglichkeit, einen unabhängigen Ablauf zu definieren.Monitoring, evaluation and documentationmaXYmos NC, XY Monitor for monitoring and montrolling NC Joining ModulesDIM Cable Extender, as an active cable extension between maXYmos MEM and display DIM up to 100 m operating distanceAmplifier IndraDrive C1not for NCFREvaluation objects EOsExcerpt of the evaluation elements EOs (Evaluation Objects) for maXYmos NCKistler service: customized solutions from A–ZKistler service at a glance •Consultation•Support during the commissioning of systems •Process optimization•Periodic onsite calibration of sensors •Education and training events •Development servicesKistler offers sales and service wherever automated production processes are applied.In addition to sensors and systems, Kistler offers a variety of services – from the competent consultation to the installation to the fast, worldwide supply of spare parts. An overview of our service offering can be found under . Please con-tact our local distribution partners for detailed information about our training offerings (see p. 15).From the competent consultation through the installation to the fast supply of spare parts: Kistler is present worldwide with comprehensive service and training offerings。
制作工艺英文短语
制作工艺英文短语制作工艺英文短语用于描述不同行业中的制作过程和技术，并为读者提供了一些相关术语和短语。
这些短语是在商业和学术领域中广泛使用的，对于从事跨国贸易和制造业的专业人士来说尤其重要。
下面是一些常用的制作工艺英文短语，帮助您更好地了解制作过程和技术：1.Raw materials（原材料）: The basic materials used in the productionof goods.2.Manufacturing process（生产工艺）: The steps involved in theproduction of goods, including designing, planning, and assembling.3.Quality control（质量控制）: The processes and procedures used toensure that a product or service meets specified requirements and standards.4.Assembly line（装配线）: A manufacturing process where productsare assembled in a sequence of steps, with each step performed by a different worker.5.Injection molding（注塑）: A manufacturing process for producingparts by injecting molten material into a mold.6.Casting（铸造）: A manufacturing process where molten material ispoured into a mold to create a desired shape.7.Machining（加工）: The process of shaping a piece of materialthrough the use of a machine tool such as a lathe, mill, or grinder.8.Welding（焊接）: The process of joining two or more pieces of metalby heating the surfaces until they melt and fuse together.9.Etching（蚀刻）: A process for creating a design or pattern on amaterial by using chemicals or acids to remove layers of the material.10.Surface treatment（表面处理）: The process of modifying the surfaceof a material to enhance its appearance or improve its performance.11.Heat treatment（热处理）: The process of subjecting a material tocontrolled heating and cooling to improve its mechanical properties.12.Prototyping（原型制作）: The process of creating a preliminarymodel or sample of a product to test and evaluate its design and functionality.13.Quality assurance（质量保证）: The activities and processes used toensure that a product or service meets specified requirements and customerexpectations.14.Lean manufacturing（精益制造）: A production philosophy andmethodology that focuses on minimizing waste and maximizing value for thecustomer.15.Continuous improvement（持续改进）: The ongoing effort toimprove products, services, and processes through incremental and innovative changes.以上是一些常见的制作工艺英文短语，涵盖了不同行业的制作过程和技术。
基尔斯特-nc joining模块ncfn标准设计用于中等至高力说明书
Page 1/6NC Joining Module NCFNStandard Design for Medium to High Force2153A _000-669e -08.19NC Joining SystemThis information corresponds to the current state of knowledge. Kistler reserves the right to make technical changes. Liability for consequential damage resulting ©2007 ... 2019, Kistler Group, Eulachstrasse 22, 8408 Winterthur, Switzerland The NC joining module NCFN Type 2153A... with integrated strain gage force sensor for nominal forces of 5 ... 300 kN is excellent for use in assembly and joining processes monitored by force displacement.• Force feedback control • High velocity• High measuring accuracy for all ranges• Active compensation of process compression for exact positioning• Available for compression/tension applicationDescriptionThe NC joining modules NCFN Type 2153A... consist of a ro-bust housing with an integral strain gage tension/compression force sensor. An absolute encoder for precise positioning is integrated in the drive motor. The motor is an electrically com-mutated AC servo motor which is driven by a servo amplifier. This servo amplifier provides constant speed, independant of load. Standard functions like block pressing, position pressing and force feedback controlled pressing as well as intermediate positioning are supported.The NC joining module NCFN can be operated with the In-draDrive servo amplifier in combination with maXYmos NC Type 5847... . The communication between I ndraDrive and maXYmos NC takes place in real-time via SERCOS III. Several field bus slave interfaces are available onboard for customer controlling. PROFIBUS, PROFINET, EtherNet/IP or even Eth-erCAT can be used with the maXYmos NC at the customer's choosing. Quality data can be transmitted via the Ethernet interface through different protocols and a visualization via VNC ® or a data backup can be performed.ApplicationNC joining module NCFN Type 2153A... is excellent for appli-cations in assembly and joining tasks in automated production plants and manual-work places.Vertical and horizontal installation is possible and is performed by flange or wall mounting. Fixation of the joining units at a machine frame is provided through flange or wall mounting. Tapped holes for tool mounting are located at the tappet of the ball bearing screw (Fig. 1).Type 2153A...Page 2/62153A _000-669e -08.19This information corresponds to the current state of knowledge. Kistler reserves the right to make technical changes. Liability for consequential damage resulting ©2007 ... 2019, Kistler Group, Eulachstrasse 22, 8408 Winterthur, Switzerland Tel.+41522241111,Fax+41522241414,****************, Technical DataDimensions mm Page 3 + 4Assembly Wall orflange assemblyWeightkgsee table of dimensionsMax. tool weight 1) kgsee table of dimensions Direction of measurementcompression/tensionNominal force kN 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 100, 200, 300Stroke length only nominal force ≤100 kN mm 200 nominal force 5 ... 300 kN mm 400Practical repeatability mm 0,01Anti rotate tool fitting Fig. 1Safety device optional V/A 24/3 to 5 2)Holding brake (standard) V/A 24/0,7 to 1,5 2)Max. speed NC joining module 300 kN mm/s 100 NC joining module 200 kN mm/s 140 NC joining module 100 kN mm/s 200 NC joining module 5/10/15/30/60 kN mm/s 250Displacement sensor system absolute encoder Resolution mm 0,001Force sensor strain gage Temperature range °C 10 ... 40Protection class IP54Linearity in all ranges %FSO ≤1Accuracy class force sensor % 0,5Life cycle ball screw cycles approx. 10 million (per defined drive profile)Servo amplifier 3) Bosch-Rexroth Type 2180A...Standard interface SERCOS III (internal bus)Evaluation unit 4) maXYmos NC Type 5847...Standard interface PROFIBUS, PROFINET, EtherNet/I P , EtherCAT Power supplyVDC 24 ±5 %To assure sufficient lubrication in case of strokes which are consid-erably smaller than the nominal stroke one nominal stroke has to bemade at regular intervals.2) Depending on system3)Servo amplifier see accessories data sheet 003-125 Type 2180A...4)Evaluation unit maXYmos NC Type 5847B... see data sheet 003-2721)P ossible radial forces must be considered independent of the mounting. Permissible tool weight may have to be reduced for manual feed.A bending of the plunger depending on the tool weight must be considered for a horizontal installation.Page 3/62153A _000-669e -08.19This information corresponds to the current state of knowledge. Kistler reserves the right to make technical changes. Liability for consequential damage resulting ©2007 ... 2019, Kistler Group, Eulachstrasse 22, 8408 Winterthur, Switzerland Tel.+41522241111,Fax+41522241414,****************, Dimensions5)Dimensions with safety device "KG"Type øL H D E Z øTK øT N øS W ° U ° U1 ° Q Weight Tool weight Thread 2153A... (4x) (4x) H7 H7 [kg] [kg] M (2x)...005200 15 32 136 100 80 36 6x16 43,5 5x10 120 ° 30 ° 6x60° M6x12 (6x) 21 30 M8x12 ...005400 15 32 136 100 80 36 6x16 43,5 5x10 120 ° 30 ° 6x60° M6x12 (6x) 33 30 M8x12 ...010200 18 50 100 200 116 60 6x16 62 6x12 120 ° 30 ° 6x60° M8x16 (6x) 51 50 M10x18 ...010400 18 50 100 200 116 60 6x16 62 6x12 120 ° 30 ° 6x60° M8x16 (6x) 66 50 M10x18 ...015200 18 50 100 200 116 60 6x16 62 6x12 120 ° 30 ° 6x60° M8x16 (6x) 51 50 M10x18 ...015400 18 50 100 200 116 60 6x16 62 6x12 120 ° 30 ° 6x60° M8x16 (6x) 66 50 M10x18 ...030200 18 75 150 150 125 65 8x16 68 8x16 112,5 ° 22,5 ° 8x45 ° M8x16 (8x) 75 100 M10x18 ...030400 18 75 150 150 125 65 8x16 68 8x16 112,5 ° 22,5 ° 8x45 ° M8x16 (8x) 95 100 M10x18 ...060200 20 90 140 150 150 80 8x16 82 10x20 112,5 ° 22,5 ° 8x45 ° M10x20 (8x) 115 100 M10x18 ...060400 20 90 140 150 150 80 8x16 82 10x20 112,5 ° 22,5 ° 8x45 ° M10x20 (8x) 140 100 M10x18 ...100200 26 80 204 180 200 120 10x20 106 12x24 112,5 ° 22,5 ° 8x45 ° M16x32 (8x) 225 100 M10x18 ...100400 26 80 204 180 200 120 10x20 106 12x24 112,5 ° 22,5 ° 8x45 ° M16x32 (8x) 300 100 M10x18 ...200400 33 100 200 200 205 120 10x20 115 12x24 112,5 ° 22,5 ° 8x45 ° M16x32 (8x) 370 100 M10x18 ...300400 40 145 270 250 252 140 12x20 135 12x24 112,5 ° 22,5 ° 8x45 ° M16x32 (8x) 740 150 M16x24Type A A 5) B øJ øK C2 C3 G1 G2 P O RF1 F2 C1 X Y øV 2153A... g6 g6 (4x) h9 (4x)...005200 779 – 447 50 75 20 5 98 100 70 70 M8x16 50 50 180 12 3 9...005400 1059 – 727 50 75 20 5 98 100 70 70 M8x16 50 50 180 12 3 9...010200 905 1069 500 80 110 30 5 137 140 100 100 M10x20 70 70 190 20 4,5 11...010400 1105 1269 700 80 110 30 5 137 140 100 100 M10x20 70 70 190 20 4,5 11...015200 905 1069 500 80 110 30 5 137 140 100 100 M10x20 70 70 190 20 4,5 11...015400 1105 1269 700 80 110 30 5 137 140 100 100 M10x20 70 70 190 20 4,5 11...030200 1 077 1 272 528 90 120 50 5 148 150 100 100 M12x24 75 75 215 20 4,5 11...030400 1 277 1 472 728 90 120 50 5 148 150 100 100 M12x24 75 75 215 20 4,5 11...060200 1 185 1 380 544 110 150 50 5 177 180 130 130 M16x32 90 90 215 20 4,5 13,5...060400 1 385 1 580 744 110 150 50 5 177 180 130 130 M16x32 90 90 215 20 4,5 13,5...100200 1 357 1 582 640 160 195 50 5 227 230 170 170 M20x40 115 115 280 28 6 17,5...100400 1 557 1 782 840 160 195 50 5 227 230 170 170 M20x40 115 115 280 28 6 17,5...200400 1 733 1 958 968 160 200 50 5 247 250 190 190 M20x40 125 125 282 36 9 22...300400 1 886 2 111 1 035 200 240 72 8 297 300 210 210M24x48 150 150 377 36 9 26Type G7 G8 øS12153A... H7...005x00 132 – 5x10...010x00 153 170 6x12...015x00 153 170 6x12...030x00 205 189 8x16...060x00 219 204 10x20...100x00 278 249 12x24...200x00 288 291 12x24...300x00 313 284 12x24Page 4/62153A _000-669e -08.19This information corresponds to the current state of knowledge. Kistler reserves the right to make technical changes. Liability for consequential damage resulting ©2007 ... 2019, Kistler Group, Eulachstrasse 22, 8408 Winterthur, Switzerland Tel.+41522241111,Fax+41522241414,****************, Dimensional DrawingThe radial forces (for example due to the weight of the tool) must be considered for the installation. An external guide may have to be provided for the plunger.Fig. 1: Dimensions NC joining module NCFN Type 2153A... The NC joining module with nominal force ≥30 kN have 8 tooling mount holes (Q).5 to 15 kN have6 tooling mount holes (Q).Warnings and Notes:Lubrication points Electrical connection points Warning high temperaturesAttachment pointsMMoR = Middle of RamPage 5/62153A _000-669e -08.19This information corresponds to the current state of knowledge. Kistler reserves the right to make technical changes. Liability for consequential damage resulting ©2007 ... 2019, Kistler Group, Eulachstrasse 22, 8408 Winterthur, Switzerland Tel.+41522241111,Fax+41522241414,****************, Functional principle of NC joining system withNC joining module NCFN Type 2153A... and maXYmos NC Typ 5847...Included Accessories• NoneOptional Accessories Type/Art. No.• Evaluation unit maXYmos NC 4)(MEM) 5847...• Bearing rail adapter for 35 mm Cap rail including 2 fastening screws M3x10 5700A31• Display module (DIM) with pedestal 5877AZ000• Connection cable maXYmos MEM on DIM, length 5 m 1200A161A5• Servo amplifier 2)2180A...CableType/Art. No.• NCFN 5/10/15 motor cable,length 5 m RKL4302 KSM341600-5• NCFN 30 motor cable,length 5 m RKL4309 KSM303490-5• NCFN 60 motor cable,length 5 m RKL4314 KSM305640-5• NCFN 100 motor cable,length 5 m RKL4323KSM307530-5• NCFN 200/300 motor cable,length 5 m RKL4329 KSM316330-5Functional Principle with maXYmos NC Type 5847...2) Servo amplifier see accessories data sheet 003-125 Type 2180A...4)Evaluation unit maXYmos NC Type 5847B... see data sheet 003-272NCFN Typ 2153A...IndraDrive MotoransteuerungKSM18029160-5Absolutwertgeber AC-Servomotorzonenmodul (Kabellänge max. 5 m)Sicherheitszonenbox Gewindetrieb DMS-Kraftsensor Absolute encoder Threaded spindle NCFN Type 2153A...box Servo amplifiersafety zone box KSM18029161-1KSM18029160-5Motor Control 1200A161A...(Cable length max. 5 m)AC servo motor Absoulte encoder• NCFN MSK Feedback cable,length 5 m RKG4200 KSM303500-5• maXYmos force strain gage cable, length 5 m, ≤5 kN KSM18030213-5• maXYmos force strain gage cable, length 5 m, ≥10 kN KSM18028883-5• SERCOS III connection cable, length 5 m KSM18029160-5• Safety zone box cable, (2 cables required), length 1 m KSM18029161-1Other length on request.Page 6/62153A _000-669e -08.19This information corresponds to the current state of knowledge. Kistler reserves the right to make technical changes. Liability for consequential damage resulting ©2007 ... 2019, Kistler Group, Eulachstrasse 22, 8408 Winterthur, Switzerland Tel.+41522241111,Fax+41522241414,****************,Ordering KeyOrdering Example: Type 2153A0602003HGNC joining module NCFN Type 2153A..., nominal force 60 kN ,stroke 200 mm, speed 250 mm/s, holding brake H , holding brake G6)Safety brake is optional possible by 10/15/30/60/100/200 and 300 kN。
[精品]SGM焊接工艺操纵次序-中英文9621P资料
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SGM
SGM Welding Process Control Procedure
3.X2 In-Proce&s Inspection and Other Tests
Welds andjoiningtechniques otherthanthose mentioned in 3.3J should bevergedforconformance tc lhe visual acceptance criteriaot theapplicable standard aminimum of4 times per shift
SGM
SGM Welding Process Control Procedure
L范围
1.1U的
本桁推洋细说明rscm停蔑产品生产者的焊接 检查和焊接设备工艺控制要求.
1.2应用
本标乖涉及的要求适用丁上海通用汽车制作或 装配丁J所采用的焊楼及连接工艺.
2.参考
L Scope
1.1Purpose
This standard deiines weld inspection and welding equipment process control requirements for producers ofSGMwelded or mechanical clinched product
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Topics to Discuss
• • • • • • • • • • Introduction Oxyfuel Gas welding Arc-Welding Processes:Consumable electrode Electrodes Arc-Welding Processes:Non Consumable Process Thermit Welding Electron Beam Welding Laser Beam Welding Cutting Welding Safety
2.
Other fuel gases??
27.2.1 Types of flames
Neutral flame (中性焰）: The ratio of acetylene and oxygen is 1:1. It’s widely used
for OFW of most materials.
Oxidizing flame （氧化焰）: The ratio is smaller than 1. It’s harmful for steel
Part Ⅴ Joining Processes and Equipment
Joining: Connect parts together. Joining is an allinclusive term (总称） ，covering processes such as welding, brazing, soldering, adhesive bonding（胶接）, and mechanical fastening.
welding, it can be used for the welding of copper and copper-based alloys.
Reducing or carburizing flame （还原焰或碳化焰）: The ratio is bigger than 1.
It’s for brazing, soldering, and flame-hardening because of its lower temperature
1 1 1 1 1 2 2
2 2 1 2 2 3 2
3 1 1 3 3 3 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2
3 3 3 2 1 2 3 3
1 3 1 1 1 2 1 2
2 3 3 1 3 2 3 3
2 3 2 1 1 1 1 3
Adhesive Bonding 3 1 Note:1, Very good; 2, good; 3. Poor
成型技术基础 Manufacturing Engineering and Technology -- Hot Processes 制造工程与技术(热加工)
• 制造 • 冷加工与热加工 特点 • 热加工：Casting铸、 Forming锻、Welding焊、 Heat Processing热处理
张大童、曹彪、黄珍媛
27.2.2 Filler Metals (填充金属）and Flux （焊剂）
Filler metals are used to supply additional material to the weld zone during welding. They are available as rod or wire made of metals compatible with those to be welded. These consumable filler rods may be bare, or they may be coated with flux.
Joining Processes
Brazing and soldering
Electrical Chemical Mechanical
Solid state
Adhesive bonding
Mechanical fastening
Process selection: which’s preferred, which not?
joining processes classification
See Fig. V.3 What difference between welding and adhesive bonding, or mechanical fastening?
Fusion welding Electrical
Chemical
Gas Tungsten-Arc
Brazing and soldering
Electrical
Chemical Mechanical
Plasma Arc Electron-Beam
Solid state
Laser-Beam
Electro-gas Electro-slag Atomic Hydrogen et al
吴 林 教授：
1. 制造技术的三个基本功能：成形、连接、改性； 2. 古代焊接起源于中国，现代焊接发展于西方； 3. 焊接已经逐渐从技术走向科学。
三种焊接原理还没有形成一个统一的科学理论； 宏观、细观、界观、微观； 还有若干自然现象：太空环境下材料的粘连，冰和肌肉的粘连等； 各种新材料的连接，特别是陶瓷、高温材料、碳纤维、复合材料、 异种材料等的连接问题有待于实现和发展。
Give some examples of Joining Processes you known.
Why joining processes?
Without joining, there would not be modern industry. Because products or parts would be Impossible to manufacture Expensive Difficult to maintenance Hard to get different properties Difficult to transportation
TABLE V.1
Ease of maintenance Large Parts Small Parts Design Variability Tolerances Reliability Visual inspection Strength
Method Arc Welding Resistance Welding Brazing Bolts and Nuts Riveting Fasteners Seaming, Crimping
*
Cost of equipment Low Medium Medium to high Medium Medium Low High
Electron-beam, Semiautomatic Laser-beam or automatic * 1, highest; 5, lowest.
27.2 Oxyfuel Gas Welding—OFW
气焊，氧乙炔焊
Oxyfuel gas
Chemical
Fusion welding Thermit
Electrical
Brazing and soldering
Electrical
Chemical Mechanical
Solid state
1.
Oxyfuel Gas Welding（氧燃气焊接，气焊）: A general term used to describe any welding process that uses a fuel gas combined with oxygen to produce a flame, which is the source of the heat that is used to melt the metals at the joint.
Oxyacetylene welding（氧乙炔焊）: The process utilizes the heat generated by the combustion of acetylene gas (C2H2) in a mixture with oxygen. C2H2 +O2 → 2CO + H2 + heat (1/3 of the total) 2CO + H2 + 1.5O2→ 2CO2 + H2O + heat (2/3)
Basic principles of each process Equipment Advantages and limitations Capabilities
General Characteristics of Fusion Welding Processes
TABLE 27.1
——焊接的问题基本上是一个材料界面的科学问题
手艺
技术
科学
§27 Fusion-Welding Processes
熔焊
Shielded Metal-Arc Submerged Arc
Chemical
Fusion welding Gas Metal-Arc
Electrical
Flux-Cored Arc
Cost
2 1 3 3 2 3 1 2
长征二号丙火箭8月发射 卫星失利故障原因：
二级飞行段二级游机Ⅲ
分机与伺服机构连接部 位失效造成，因为连接 部位的可靠性存在薄弱
环节。
The choice of a joining process depends on
The application The joint design The materials involved The shapes of the components to be joined, their thicknesses, and their sizes Others: the location of the joint within the product, component numbers, the operator skill required, costs and so on.