统编高中英语人教版必修第二册 学习助手 Unit 5 Period Three

Period Three Discovering Useful Structures—Past
participles(2) as the predicative and the adverbial
感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题
1．She looked disappointed.
2．Born in the USA on 2 January 1970，Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.
3．Moved by this music，he said，“It was like seeing color for the first time.”4．Inspired，he asked his fans to make videos，which he then joined together into one performance.
句1中加黑部分是过去分词作定语，表示主语所处的状态；句2～4中加黑部分是过去分词(短语)作状语，和句子的主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表示被动或完成。

一、过去分词作表语
1．意义：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态，此时过去分词大多已变成了形容词。

I felt confused, even bored.
我有点迷惑不解，甚至有点烦。

We were encouraged at the news.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。

2．过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。

这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。

试比较：
The book is well written.这本书写得好。

The book was written by a soldier.
这本书是由一位士兵写的。

二、过去分词(短语)作状语
表示被动的或完成的动作，这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。

而现在分词(短语)作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。

Written in a hurry，this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。

本句中的written即为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写完。

过去分词(短语)通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。

1．过去分词作时间状语，在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。

Asked about his address(＝When he was asked about his address)，the boy didn’t respond.
问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。

2．过去分词作原因状语，在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。

Encouraged by the progress he has made(＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made)，he works harder.由于受到所取得的成绩的鼓励，他工作更努力了。

3．过去分词作条件状语，在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。

Given more time(＝If they were given more time)，the trees could grow taller.
如果再多给一点时间，这些树会长得更高。

Heated to a high temperature(＝If it is heated to a high temperature)，water will change into vapor. 如果加热到高温，水就能变成蒸气。

4．过去分词作让步状语，在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。

Left (Although he was left) at home，John didn’t feel afraid at all.
虽然约翰被单独留在房间里，但他一点都不害怕。

5．过去分词作方式、伴随状语。

Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the classroom.
＝The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students.
老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。

注意：(1)过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上when，if，while，though，even if，until，unless等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语＋be的多种形式”)。

需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或是it。

Even if invited(＝Even if I’m invited)，I won’t take part in the party.即使受到邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会的。

拓展：有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。

这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost迷路，沉溺于；seated坐；dressed in穿着；tired of厌烦；faced with面临；accustomed to习惯于等。

Lost in deep thought，he didn’t hear the sound.
因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。

Dressed in a new dress，she looks very beautiful.
穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮。

(2)现在分词(短语)在句中也可以作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。

Walking in the park，she saw an old friend.
＝When/While (she was) walking in the park，she saw an old friend.
当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。

Being ill，he couldn’t go to school.
＝As he was ill，he couldn’t go to school.
因为生病了，他无法去上学。

Working hard，you’ll make great progress.
＝If you work hard，you’ll make great progress.
如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。

The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing more patients to be treated. 这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能得到治疗。

Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book.
＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。

(3)不定式(短语)在句中也可以作状语，表示目的或结果。

To catch the first bus，he got up very early.
为了赶第一班公交车，他起得很早。

I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The old man lay on the beach at ease，exposed(expose) to the sun.
2．Not knowing(know) what to do，the children had to wait for their parents to come back. 3．When offered(offer) help，one often says “Thank you.”
4．Hearing(hear) the signal，people ran out of the building.
5．Looking(look) out through the window，we saw a beautiful scenery.
6. Discussed(discuss) many times，the problems were settled at last.
7．Buried(bury) in her novel，the girl didn’t notice the beautiful snow.
8．The case shocked the public，causing(cause) a hot debate over human nature on the Internet. 9．Even if told(tell) many times，he still made the same mistakes.
10．Admitted(admit) into a key university，the girl was very excited.
Ⅱ.用分词(短语)作状语改写下列状语从句
11．When she heard the news，she burst into tears.
→Hearing the news，she burst into tears.
12．Although we were exhausted by the climbing，we continued our journey.
→Exhausted by the climbing，we continued our journey.
13．She was dressed in white and suddenly appeared.
→Dressed in white，she suddenly appeared.
14．Aunt Wu came in and she was followed by her daughter.
→Aunt Wu came in，followed by her daughter.
15．A flood struck the area and thousands of people were left homeless.
→A flood struck the area，leaving thousands of people homeless.
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Basing(base) the plan on these facts，the young man made a wise decision.
2．Based(base) on farming，the economy of this area develops slowly.
3．Tired(tire) of the teacher’s speech，most of the students got sleepy.
4．Determined(determine) to keep up with others，the girl is working hard.
5．Everyone had something to say，me included(include)．
6．Awarded(award) the first prize in the competition，he felt happy and satisfied.
7．After the heavy rain, many cars got caught(catch) in the mud.
8．Attracted(attract) by the scenery，they decided to stay for another week.
9．Impressed(impress)by his performance，the director decided to have a talk with him. 10．Aimed(aim) at little children，the film was very popular with most of us.
Ⅱ.单句写作
11．受到老师的责备，这个男孩非常难过。

Blamed by the teacher，the boy was in low spirits.
12．由于在事故中受伤了，这个运动员只好退出了比赛。

Injured in the accident，the player had to drop out of the match.
13．我们满怀兴奋地去了电影院。

We went to the cinema，filled with excitement.
14．这个男孩坐在操场上，陷入了沉思。

The boy was sitting on the playground，lost in thought.
15．如果再多给我几分钟，我会完成全部工作的。

Given a few more minutes，I’ll finish the whole work.
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
On a dark winter day in Russia in 1896，Sergei Prokofiev sat by a piano next to his mother.She was helping him compose(作曲) his first piece of music.Sergei was only five years old.
He had overheard his parents discussing a terrible famine(饥荒) in India.The picture Sergei had of those hungry people in his mind caused him to write a story，in the form of musical notes.Sergei could not read music，so he picked out a tune on the piano keys，and his mother recorded the notes.Sergei titled it “Indian Gallop”．
Sergei’s mother began giving him piano lessons for 20 minutes a day，and his ability grew quickly.She had a great love for music，too，and Sergei often lay awake in bed at night and listened to her play the piano.
Sergei’s parents found a famous music teacher for him.The teacher shouted at Sergei when he didn’t practice reading and playing music.Sergei later wrote，“I wanted to compose great musical plays，and instead I was given all sorts of boring tasks.” Yet he persisted with his studies and grew up to be a great composer.
In 1936 a children’s theater asked Sergei to write music that would teach children about
different instruments.He was happy and wrote the piece in a week，calling it Peter and the Wolf.
Sergei’s Peter and the Wolf was enjoyed by children as well as adults.The first time Sergei played the piece on the piano，the children listening to it loved it so much that they made him play the ending three extra times.He was excited.
Today Sergei Prokofiev is remembered not only for his contributions(贡献) to classical music，but also for his sense of fun.
16．When he was five，Sergei .
A．could read music
B．experienced a famine
C．created his first composition
D．wrote a story about his parents
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“She was helping him compose(作曲) his first piece of music.Sergei was only five years old.”以及第二段的介绍可知，他在五岁时就创作出他人生的第一支乐曲。

17．The piece of music Peter and the Wolf .
A．was a great success
B．was one of Sergei’s early works
C．was written to teach children about the piano
D．was played three extra times when first played
答案 A
解析推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段中的“Sergei’s Peter and the Wolf was enjoyed by children as well as adults.”和“the children listening to it loved it so much that they made him play the ending three extra times”可推测，《彼得和狼》这支乐曲大获成功。

18．What’s the text mainly about?
A．The greatest 20th-century composer.
B．Sergei’s contributions to music.
C．Musical plays in Russia.
D．Sergei’s musical stories.
答案 D
解析主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了谢尔盖的音乐故事。

B
Background music may seem harmless，but it can have a powerful effect on those who hear it.Recorded background music first found its way into factories，shops and restaurants in the US.But it soon spread to other parts of the world.Now it is becoming increasingly difficult to go shopping or eat a meal without listening to music.
To begin with，“muzak”(音乐广播网) was intended simply to create a soothing(舒缓的) atmosphere.Recently，however，it’s becoming a big business.Dr Ronald Milliman，an American marketing expert，has shown that music can boost(提升) sales or increase factory production by as much as a third.
However，it has to be the light music.A fast one has no effect at all on sales.Slow music can increase receipts by 38%.This is probably because shoppers slow down and have more opportunity to spot items they like to buy.Yet，slow music isn’t always the answer.Dr Milliman found，for example，that in restaurants slow music meant customers took longer to eat their meals，which reduced overall sales.So restaurant owners might be well advised to play fast music to keep the customers moving—unless，of course，the resulting indigestion(消化不良) leads to complaints! 语篇解读背景音乐作为一种常见的音乐形式，已经渗透到人们生活的方方面面。

本文旨在介绍不同的背景音乐可以产生不同的效果。

19．Background music means .
A．light music that customers enjoy most
B．fast music that makes people move fast
C．slow music that can make customers enjoy their meals
D．the music you are listening to while you are doing something
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

选项中的前三项均只是背景音乐中的一部分，只有D项是完整的概括。

20．Restaurant owners complain about slow music because .
A．it results in indigestion
B．it increases their sales
C．it keeps customers moving
D．it decreases their sales
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

由文章最后一段可以看出，如果播放慢速背景音乐，客人的就餐时间就会变长，这样就会导致营业额的整体下滑。

这样的结果餐馆老板自然要抱怨。

21．We can know from the text that .
A．background music was first used in big department stores
B．proper music can increase the selling of goods
C．light music has a bad effect on production
D．restaurant owners had better play slow music to comfort their customers
答案 B
解析细节理解题。

由第二段中的“has shown that music can boost(提升) sales”可知，恰当的音乐可以促进销售。

Ⅵ.七选五
You probably know you should say “please”and “thank you”at restaurants.You probably know the rules of a library.You know you should respect and be nice to your classmates. 22 In fact，there are some rules about playing music.
•Keep it down.
23 You should not play your music so loud that everyone around you can hear it.Some people might even get ually，when you play music loud on an MP3 player，other people can’t hear the words of the song.They just hear a loud sound.No one wants to listen to this.Very loud music can also be bad for your ears.
•Turn it off.
You need to know when to turn your MP3 off and put it away.Libraries and schools don’t allow MP3 players.There are other places，like museums，that don’t have rules，but it would be rude to have your MP3 player on.Sometimes，it doesn’t make sense to listen on your MP3 player at an event. 24 You would miss what is going on and others would wonder why you even came.
•Take one out.
Once in a while it’s okay just to take out one earphone and not the other. 25 It would not be rude to take out one earphone，tell him the way，and put back the earphone and continue listening.You can also do this when you order food at a fast food restaurant or when you answer the telephone and it’s not for you.
•26
There are times when you need to decide what is the best.For example，some people can listen to music on their MP3 players when reading books，while others think it is disturbing.In cases like this，you need to do what seems right for you.
A．It’s your choice.
B．Don’t make your voice disturb others.
C．But do you have music manners?
D．You have to notice the amount of sound of your music.
E．Why would you listen to music at a play，a movie or a sporting event?
F．Imagine you are listening on your MP3 player when someone asks you the way.
G．The music is active and inspiring as long as you can feel energetic when you are listening to it. 语篇解读文章主要讲述了听音乐、放音乐的礼貌和规则问题，提醒我们要做有素质的人。

22．答案 C
解析上句讲了饭店、图书馆的礼貌问题；下句讲听音乐也有规则，也要讲礼貌。

C项承上启下，故选C。

23．答案 D
解析本段主要讲不要把声音调的太大，要控制好音量，不要影响身边的人。

D项讲控制音量符合文意，故选D。

24．答案 E
解析本段讲不允许放音乐的场合及放音乐无意义的场合。

E项(你为什么要在戏剧、电影或体育赛事中听音乐？)符合本段文意，故选E。

25．答案 F
解析上句讲偶尔只拿出一只耳机是可以的；下文讲你可以拿出一只耳机告诉他怎么走，然后把耳机放回去继续听。

F项符合此情景，故选F。

26．答案 A
解析本段讲什么时候听音乐是合适的要由你自己决定，A项能概括全段，故选A。