Task 2 - Lecture 3 - Body Paragraph
雅思图表作文TASK1精讲精练
雅思图表作文TASK1精讲精练A理论部分：雅思小作文概论1、文章结构：主要分三部分：i。
introductory sentence；ii。
body paragraph;iii.Concluding sentence具体讲：第一段introductory sentence只要写一句话，交待图形（如the line graph， pie chart等等），描述对象(如图表描述的是the number of tourists visiting England），地点(如the US, the UK等）以及时间（如between 1988 and 1997等等）；另外要注意的就是第一段不能和图表上方已给的句子太过相似！否则，会失分的！第二部分一般写1~3段，这要视情况而定。
这部分主要就是对比不同的数据，如相似或相同的数据；某个数据是另一个数据的2倍;某个数据所占比例最大或最小等等。
最后一段concluding sentence也只要写一句话,主要是总结图表的整个趋势。
2。
文章的效果。
很多学生会发现小作文的例文特别简单（尤其是剑桥书里提供的）。
原因很简单，这个report 的目的就是要让university lecturer了解某个事物的发展趋势,所以写出来的文章必须结构清晰、易懂，绝对不能太复杂,也不要把每个数据都描写出来,只要描写有代表性的，重要的数据即可.以下为雅思小作文的四个基本步骤第一步：改写题目通过同义词转换在短短的1分钟内就写好作文的第一段。
举例:The graph below shows the percentage of people unable to find work in three major countries from 1983 to 1992.题目中划线的单词都可以进行同义转换:graph—figure， show—illustrate， percentage-proportion， major-key, from…to…—between…and…,第二步：分析时态1. 图表小作文大部分时候使用过去时态,因为出现的数据一般都是以往的统计数据，过去的情形和现在的情形很有可能完全不一样,因此用过去时态比较恰当。
英语人教选择性必修第一册Unit 2 Using language
Teaching objectives:
By the end of this period, you will be able to…
1. read magazine columns to understand their textual structure and linguistic characteristics 2. rearn how to ask questions, illustrate points and demonstrate ideas in an argumentative essay. 3. master the general method of argumentative writing. 4. write an argumentative essay on the pros and cons of future scientific and technological development.
On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For example, the latest weathertracking computer programmes give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives. Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world...
esp大学英语教材课后答案
esp大学英语教材课后答案Unit 1: Vocabulary and GrammarExercise 1:1. turn up2. look up3. set up4. bring up5. break up6. call up7. make up8. grow up9. catch up10. pick upExercise 2:1. Does, come2. Did, tell3. Do, go4. Does, play5. Did, buy6. Does, eat7. Do, watch8. Did, go9. Do, listen10. Did, writeExercise 3:1. When did you move to this city?2. How often do you go to the gym?3. Why did you choose this university?4. How long does it take to drive to London from here?5. What did you do last weekend?6. How many languages can you speak?7. Have you ever been to Australia?8. What time does the train leave?9. Why do you want to study abroad?10. Where did you have lunch yesterday?Unit 2: ReadingExercise 1:1. A2. B3. A4. C5. C6. B7. A8. C9. B10. A Exercise 2:1. challenging2. perspective3. skeptical4. diverse5. acquire6. enthusiastic7. commitment8. broaden9. proficient10. immersionExercise 3:1. The benefits of learning a second language are numerous, ranging from improved cognitive abilities to better job prospects.2. Many people are skeptical about the idea that adults can learn languages as easily as children.3. Learning a second language can be a challenging yet rewarding experience.4. Immersion programs provide a valuable opportunity to practice the target language in real-life situations.5. Proficiency in a second language can open up doors to new cultures and opportunities.Unit 3: Listening and SpeakingExercise 1:1. C2. B3. A4. C5. AExercise 2:1. It is believed that people who are bilingual have a cognitive advantage over monolingual individuals.2. Many countries have implemented bilingual education programs to promote language learning.3. Learning a second language can enhance one's problem-solving skills and creativity.4. Exposure to different cultures through language learning promotes tolerance and cross-cultural understanding.5. Some studies suggest that bilingual individuals may have a reduced risk of age-related cognitive decline.Exercise 3:1. In my opinion, learning a second language is essential in today's globalized world.2. I believe that schools should offer more opportunities for students to practice their language skills through activities like language clubs.3. It is important for parents to support their children's language learning by encouraging them to practice regularly.4. In my experience, studying abroad is one of the most effective ways to become fluent in a second language.5. I think that governments should invest more in language education to promote cross-cultural communication.Unit 4: WritingExercise 1:1. Introduction2. Body Paragraph 1 - Reasons for studying English3. Body Paragraph 2 - Specific benefits of English proficiency4. Body Paragraph 3 - How English can enhance career opportunities5. ConclusionExercise 2:1. Introduction:- Attention-grabbing statement about the importance of English language skills- Brief explanation of why English is considered a global language2. Body Paragraph 1 - Reasons for studying English:- Discuss the widespread use of English as a lingua franca in various fields- Highlight the advantages of being able to communicate with people from different countries and cultures3. Body Paragraph 2 - Specific benefits of English proficiency:- Discuss how English language skills can improve cognitive abilities and problem-solving skills- Mention the access to a vast amount of knowledge and resources available in English4. Body Paragraph 3 - How English can enhance career opportunities:- Discuss the increasing demand for English language skills in job markets- Highlight the advantage of English proficiency in international business and communication5. Conclusion:- Recap the main points discussed in the essay- Emphasize the importance of studying English for personal and professional growth。
（完整版）新视野大学英语第三版第二册Unit3教案
（完整版）新视野⼤学英语第三版第⼆册Unit3教案B2 U3 A journey through the odyssey years教学重点：1.To have knowledge of Odyssey, Odysseus and the odyssey years2.To understand and use the words, phrases, structures, rhetoric in thetext3.To be acquainted with the writing skills of a comparison/contrastessay教学难点：1.Apply the phrases and patterns2.Writing paragraphs with the structure of a comparison / contrastessay.教学过程：Part I Warm-upI. Knowledge of The Odyssey, Odysseus, and the odyssey years1.Assignment CheckStudents are going to share their assignments. Read our their reflection.The assignment has to be given when students and the teacher last meet. Their last assignment is to:Watch the movie The Odyssey and write a reflection. Thee reflection should includes:a short summary of the moviestudents’ feelings and ideas after watching the movie.2.Brainstorming:Question: What does the odyssey years may mean?Answers for reference: Now the Odyssey has become a special term for an epic journey or great struggle as Odysseus, the main character in the epic poem, encountered repeated troubles and challenges when he left home and loved ones.II. Comparison of you and your parents1.Questions:1)What is your understanding of “generation gap”?2)Do you think there is a generation gap between you and yourparents? Why do you think so?2.Group work:1)Think of the differences between you and your parents.2)Make a summary of your discussion by filling in the followingchart.3)Share answers/3.Critical thinkingDiscuss the following problems in groups.1)Do you agree with the statement that the odyssey years couldlead to self-discovery? Why or why not?2)What might be the most significant personal effect caused by thedelay in transition to adulthood?3)How might parents look at the new trend and the delayedtransition?*These are open-ended questions. Allow students to freely express themselves and tell them to listen to the authors’answers to these questions. And the class will re-discuss these three questions when we have finished our reading.Part II Pre-readingI.Quiz1.Take the quiz by checking (√) whether the statements on Page 60 aretrue to you. And then you can judge which generation you belong to according to the grading criteria.2.Question: Do you think the quiz kind of define some characteristics ofyou and your generation?II.Main structureRead the whole passage and divide the text into several parts. Fill in the blanks to present the main structure of the text.*Pay attention to how the author makes a comparison between two different generations.Part III While-readingI.Introduction Part1.The structure analysis1) Ask students to discuss in pair or in groupThe introduction part is composed of two sections.Paragraph 1 describes that each age phase brings its own peculiar set of challenges.Paragraph 2 functions as a transition.2) The teacher presents the writing skillTransition creates a link or connection between the previous paragraph and the following one. In English, transition can be realized by using transitional words, sentences or paragraphs.2.Questions for understanding1)How do people divide our life stages (Para. 1)?2)Why does the author say that each unique life phase brings itsown peculiar set of challenges (Para. 2)?3.Words, phrases and sentencesGive an intensive analysis of the new words (e.g. their origins, literal meanings & implied meanings), phrases and sentences. * The teacher should help students to understand and think, instead of giving them the answers directly. Allow more time for students’ thinking and reflection.II.Body part: the odyssey years: a newly added phase of life1.Structure analysis2.Questions for understanding1)According to the author, what does “a norm”refer to (Para. 3)?2)What are the so-called “odyssey years”(Para. 4)?3)Why does the author think that odyssey years are “anunavoidable stage in reaching adulthood (Para. 4)?3.Words, phrases and sentencesIII.Body part: characteristics of the odyssey years1.Structure analysis2.Questions for understanding1)Why young people feel pressure (P6)?2)According to the author, where does the young people’s“confusion” come from (P6)?3)Why parents feel anxious and upset (P7)?4)What are pressures for women and men respectively (P8, 9)?3.Words, phrases and sentencesIV.Conclusion part1.Questions for understandingWhat is the author’s advice proposed? What should not the graduates do and what should they do?2.Words, phrases and sentencesPart IV After-readingI.Summary1.Re-discuss the critical thinking questions:1)Do you agree with the statement that the odyssey years couldlead to self-discovery? Why or why not?2)What might be the most significant personal effect caused by thedelay in transition to adulthood?3)How might parents look at the new trend and the delayedtransition?2.Recall the main structureII.Writing skills1.Recall the main ideas of the text and how the author structures hiswriting.2.Introduce two major structures of comparison or contrast:Point-to-pointSubject-to-subject3.A good exampleSuppose now we are going to write an article to compare/contrast two places: my hometown and my college town, that is, Gridlock and Subnormal. How can we organize our ideas by using the following structures?Point-to-point(See in Appendix I)Subject-to-subject(See in Appendix II)Part V AssignmentI.Structured writing: You and your parents1.Recall what you have discussed in the classroom on the differencesbetween you and your parents and reorganize these ideas into anarticle based on the comparison/contrast structure.2.You can either use the point-to-point structure or thesubject-to-subject structure.II.Watching a video clip:1. Watch the video clip and make a summary of each interviewee’s story,e.g. what they are doing now or what are their problems.2. Think of the title: Chinese young people: a dependent generation. Do you agree with it or not? Why or why not?III.PreviewHave a preview of Text B Finding my way back home.。
【英语写作技巧】unit 3 paragraph
The three parts of a paragraph
Topic Sentence
Supporting sentence 1
Supporting sentence 2
Supporting sentence 3
Concluding Sentence
An example
There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health
lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.
2.1 Topic sentence
Discussion 2: The sentences below cannot
be used as topic sentences. Can you figure out why they are inappropriate?
First, it is noted for the Wheaton River, which is very wide and beautiful. Also, on the other side of the town is Wheaton Hill, which is unusual because it is very steep. The third amazing feature is the Big Old Tree. This tree stands two hundred feet tall and is probably about six hundred years old.
新通用大学英语综合教程2(第2册)U3课后答案及课件(第三单元unit03),高等教育出版社
Extended Exercises Checkpoint
Lesson 1
3
3
3
Lead-in Listening Speaking Reading Writing
Lead-in
Sitcom: Can I Take a Message? Scene 1
Phone :__________ □Please call back □Will call again Message:__H_e_w__ill_b_e__a_t _th_e__m_e_e_t_in_g__a_t _3_:0_0_._
Part 3 Check In and Check Out
3 Conversation 1 Conversation 2
Conversation 1
Listen to the conversation and answer the questions.
1. For which day does the man make a reservation finally? _1_8_t_h_______________________________________
□Mr./ □Ms./ □Mrs./ □Miss C_a_r_o_l_B_r_a_u_n_
Phone :__________
□Called
□Please call back
□Came to see you □Will call again
□Wants to meet □Returned your call
5. Mrs. Beatty is happy about her hotel. □
新世纪大学英语综合教育教案第二册Unit3规范标准答案
新世纪⼤学英语综合教育教案第⼆册Unit3规范标准答案Listen and RespondTask One Focusing on the Main IdeasChoose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences according to the information contained in the listening passage.1 One day in school Monty Roberts was asked to ________.A) write a term paper about the courses he learnedB) write about his dream of the futureC) describe a horse ranchD) draw a picture of a horse ranch2 Monty Roberts’goal was to become ________.A) a horse trainer like his fatherB) a painter who draws horses and horse ranchesC) an owner of a large horse ranchD) an owner of a large farm3 When Monty Roberts turned in the paper, his teacher ________.A) was not satisfied with itB) helped to improve itC) gave a good comment about itD) asked him to discuss the topic with his father4 The teacher asked the boy to rewrite the paper because ________.A) his father had helped him write the paperB) his paper was full of empty wordsC) his dream was not properly described in the paperD) his goal of life described in the paper was not realistic5 A week later, the boy finally decided ________.A) to follow his father’s professionB) to keep his dreamC) to make some changes in his paperD) to follow his teacher’s adviceTask Two Zooming In on the DetailsListen to the recording carefully and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.1 Monty Roberts was the son of a horse trainer . His dream was to own a large horse ranch. That night he wrote about his dream in great detail and he even drew a picture of a 200-acre ranch .2 He put a great deal of his heart into the dream ranch and the next day he handed the paper in to his teacher .3 When Monty Roberts asked his teacher why he got a large red F for his paper, his teacher explained to him that his dream was impossible for him. He had no money. But he needed a lot of money to buy the land, the house and the machines for his dream ranch.4 When Monty Roberts asked his father for advice, his father just asked him to make up his own mind on his dream because it is a very important decision for him to make.5 When Monty Roberts turned in the same paper, he said to his teacher, “You can keep the F and I’ll keep my dream . I will follow my heart , no matter what happens.”Read and ExploreTask One Discovering the Main Ideas1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1) According to Alex Haley, why does many a young man want to be a writer?Because they think that being a writer can bring them wealth and fame.2) Does writing mean glory and wealth in the author’s opinion?No. The author thinks that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. Only a few can succeed after long periods of neglect and poverty.3) What was the author’s life in Greenwich Village like?His life in Greenwich Village was very poor. He barely made enough to eat.4) Did he ever doubt his ability to write? Why or why not?Yes. Because he didn’t receive a break after writing for a year or so.5) Why did the call from his old acquaintance change his life? Because his doubt of his resolution to write was cleared. He was determined to keep on writing.6) In what way did people like Delaney and Belafonte become role models for the author?From them he learned that one had to make sacrifices and live creatively to keep working hard to realize one’s dreams.7) How many years did the author keep on writing before his great success?He kept on writing for 17 years before his great success.8) What did the two sardine cans and 18 cents in the brown paper bag symbolize?They symbolized his courage and persistence to stick to his dream of writing.9) What is the meaning of the Shadowland of dreams?The Shadowland of dreams means all the difficulties (e.g. neglect, poverty, doubt, uncertainty, and fear of failure) people meet with in pursuing their dreams.2 Text A can be divided into three parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Part: One; Paragraph(s): 1-2; Main Idea: Alex Haley explains the difference between “being a writer”and “writing”.Part: Two; Paragraph(s): 3–18; Main Idea: The author tells about his struggle to stick to his dream of writing and his final success.Part: Three; Paragraph(s): 19-22; Main Idea: The author tells about his struggle to stick to his dream of writing and his final success.Task Two Reading Between the LinesRead the following sentences carefully and discuss in pairs what the author intends to say by the italicized parts.1) For every writer kissed by fortune, there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. (Para. 2)Compared with those lucky writers who have become famous, thousands of people who devote themselves to writing are never given recognition as successful writers.2) Next time I make a sale. (Para. 6)Considering the rather difficult circumstances the author was in, it is easy to see that there was a degree of irony and self-sarcasm when he promised his friend that he would pay back the money next time he made a sale, for it was something that had not happened before and would not be very likely to happen in the near future, thus pushing the repayment of the debt into the remote future.3) What’s more, I could write on the side. (Para. 8)More importantly, I could take writing as a part-time job.4) There’s everything you’ve made of yourself so far. (Para. 10)The two cans of sardines and 18 cents are all you have.5) Another Village neighbor was a handsome young singer who ran a struggling restaurant. (Para. 13)…a restaurant that has few customers and is about to close down.6) As I absorbed the lesson, I gradually began to sell my articles. (Para.15)As I became aware of what it meant to live in the Shadowland, …7) For the first time I had money and open doors everywhere. (Para. 18)…I had a lot of opportunities.Checking Your VocabularyWord Detective1 Choose the definition in Column B that best matches each italicized word in Column A.1)d2)g3) f4) e5) b6) h7) a8)c2 Spell out the words from Text B with the help of the given definitions, the initial letters and paragraph numbers. Example: e stablish : set up; begin; create (Para. 1)1) w orthy : deserving respect or serious consideration (Para. 1)2) c reep : move slowly, quietly, and carefully, esp. so as not to attract attention (Para. 1)3) r esolve : make a determined decision; decide firmly (Para. 2)4) r efresh : make less hot or tired; bring back strength and freshness to (Para. 5)5) o ccurrence : an event or happening (Para. 6)6) s urplus : an amount additional to what is needed or used (Para. 6)7) f avourable : winning favour and approval (Para. 7)8) r emark : say esp. sth. that one has just noticed; give as an opinion (Para. 9)3 Some phrases or expressions from Text B are hidden in the following picture. Find the phrases or expressions and then use them to complete the sentences with the help of the clues.1) He sweeps the floor for the hotel to work out (以⼯作抵偿) the cost of board. (Para. 1)2) She was unused to (不习惯) talking about herself. (Para. 4)3) After waiting for a long time，the little boy is out of patience(不耐烦). (Para. 4)4) The bad weather has added to (增加) the difficulties in our work. (Para. 4)5) The homeless people in the city have to walk the streets (⾛街串巷), begging for food and money. (Para. 5)6) We were terrified when we came on / upon (发现) a snake behind the little cottage on the edge of the wood. (Para. 5)7) Eva was cutting the grass, and in the meantime (与此同时) Adam was planting roses. (Para. 7)8) From this book written by a movie star we get / have got the idea (领悟到) that those people in the limelight are just ordinary people —even famous faces have flaws! (Para. 7)Checking Your Comprehension1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text B.1) How did the author get to know about the school for coloured people in Virginia?He overheard two miners talking about it while working in the coal-mine.2) Why did the author resolve to go to the school?Because he heard that the school was established for coloured people and opportunities were provided to poor but worthy students to work out all or a part of the cost of board and learn some trade or industry at the same time.3) What kind of situation was he in when he reached the city of Richmond late one night?He was tired, hungry and dirty. And he was completely out of money. He had not a single acquaintance in the city, and, being unused to city ways, he didn’t know where to go.4) How did he spend his first night in Richmond?He walked the streets till he became too exhausted to walk any longer. Then he found an elevated sidewalk and lay under it for the night upon the ground.5) How did he earn some money for his breakfast the next morning?He helped unloading a cargo of pig iron from a large ship.6) Why didn’t the head teacher admit the author to the institution at first?Because of being so long without proper food, a bath and change of cloth, he didn’t make a very favourable impression upon her.7) How did the author get a chance to prove his worthiness to the head teacher?The head teacher asked him to sweep the adjoining classroom and he did an excellent job,which proved his worthiness as a student in the institute.2 Read the following statements and then decide whether each of them is true or false based on the information in the text. Write T for True and F for False in the space provided before each statement. 1) F At Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute poor but worthystudents had opportunities to pay just a part of the cost of board. (Poor but worthy students were provided opportunities to earn money to pay all or a part of the cost of food in the school and at the same time learn some trade or industry.)2) T On the first day of his journey, he realized that he didn’t haveenough money to go to Hampton.3) F He reached the city of Richmond by walking and begging for anumber of days.(He reached the city of Richmond by walking and begging rides for a number of days.)4) T Though he was tired and hungry, he still believed that he wouldreach Hampton.5) F By helping unload a big ship, he earned enough money to buy achicken leg and an apple pie for his breakfast.(By helping unload a big ship, he earned enough money for his breakfast.)6) F He felt that a new kind of existence had begun because he arrived atthe school with a surplus of 50 cents.(He felt that a new kind of existence had begun because he could begin his education in the school.)7) T He worked hard to clean the classroom because his future dependedupon the impression he made upon the head teacher.8) F The head teacher admitted the author on condition that he shouldclean the classroom thoroughly after class.(The head teacher admitted the author because he proved his worthiness by cleaning the classroom thoroughly.) Enhance Your Language AwarenessWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1 In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.1) A smart appearance tends to make a(n) favourable impression at an interview.2) The scientist failed in his experiments many a time, but he was never discouraged ; instead, he stuck it out and finally made a great scientific discovery.3) When I asked my mother if I could marry George, she consented but rather unwillingly.4) The garden has fallen into a state of neglect since its owner died two years ago.5) Coming home late, the boy crept quietly into the house to avoid waking his parents.6) If you want to learn a language well, sufficient time is necessary.7) The origin of Chinese writing can be traced back to ancient China although we are not certain of the date of its invention.8) The price was somewhat higher than I had expected. However, it was still acceptable.9) When you feel tired, a rest and a cool drink will refresh you.10) As I sit here today, I couldn’t be more grateful for the opportunity, not only to be alive, but also to apply my life to such a(n) worthy effort.11) More and more people in big companies are enrolling in English courses to improve their promotion(晋升) prospects .12) I made full preparations for my journey to London on foot and I resolved to get there in five days.13) At the end of the interview, she remarked , “You’ve proved your worthiness more than well enough.”14) I hope that I shall never again have to undergo such a terrible experience.15) Susan started singing to her baby and was rewarded with a smile.2 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.1) Since the summer vacation has started, let’s pack up and spend a week in the country with my grandparents.2) The boy is so interested in the popular novel entitled Harry Porter and the Deathly Hallows(圣徒) that he has read it for many a time.3) I admire Steve very much, for in his pursuit of a successful life, he always stays the course and never gives up in spite of the many difficulties and risks he has encountered.4) The couple’s love was put to the test when the husband was crippled in a car accident.5) I mailed out 250 letters to complete strangers for help and within 6 weeks the stream of money came flooding in from all over the country.6) When searching for some news online(在线的) last night, I came across an interesting website(⽹址) devoted to computer games.7) He is so clever that he can always come up with solutions at the last moment.8) At the sight of the big fish, the fisherman plunged his hands into the water and caught it with graceful ease.Increasing Your Word Power1 Listed in the box below are some unit nouns. Discuss their meanings and then complete the following table by filling in the appropriate unit noun. The same unit noun may be used for more than once. Consult a dictionary if necessary.a(n) slice of bread a(n) particle of rocka(n) bunch of keys a(n) bar of soapa(n) can of orange juice a(n) sheet of glassa(n) item of business a(n) article of furniturea(n) slice of meat a(n) particle of dusta(n) can of beer a(n) bar of chocolatea(n) article of luggage a(n) bunch of flowersa(n) sheet of paper a(n) item of expense2 Words such as respectful, respectable and respective may cause confusion because they are similar either in meaning or in spelling. To communicate effectively, we need to pay special attention to such confusable words. In each of the following sentences you are given two or three words in brackets. Choose the appropriate one to fill in the blank. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.1) Now your father has retired, you should go and see him now and then. This should not be neglected (neglectful, neglected).2) Some boy students are neglectful (neglectful, neglected) of their appearance in school.3) In this book the writer describes his colourful (coloured, colourful) experiences in Africa.4) To celebrate the Spring Festival, they tie many coloured (coloured, colourful) lamps on the trees.5) The coat is made of a kind of cloth that is rough (rough, tough) to touch.6) The meat was tough (rough, tough) and hard and I did not like it at all.7) The article is all nonsense. It’s not worth (worth, worthy) the paper it’s printed on.8) These young men will prove worthy (worth, worthy) of our trust.9) The situation will develop in a direction favourable (favourite, favourable) to China.10) I like oranges very much; they are my favourite (favourite, favourable) fruit.11) The boys here are well mannered and respectful (respective, respectable, respectful) toward grown-ups.12) My uncle is a respectable (respective, respectable, respectful) doctor in our town.。
写作 3 paragraph上课稿
2.2 Supporting Sentences - Four ways to expand the topic sentence
cause and effect
as, as a result, because of, due to, thus, since, as a consequence, lead to , result in, …
2. Basic Paragraph Structure
Discussion 1: Read the following paragraph carefully and analyze its structure. Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins, and ornamental purposes. Gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever.
First, it is noted for the Wheaton River, which is very wide and beautiful. Also, on the other side of the town is Wheaton Hill, which is unusual because it is very steep. The third amazing feature is the Big Old Tree. This tree stands two hundred feet tall and is probably about six hundred years old.
高中英语写作 选修课讲义3.doc
选修课：英语写作（三）英语写作技巧By Mr. ZhuStep I掌握技巧（1）注意篇章结构，合理布局开始部分（opening paragraph）——说出文中的要点、核心问题。
正文部分（Body paragraphs）——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。
结尾部分（concluding paragraphs）——对全文的总结和概括。
要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。
前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容.（2）确定主题句主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。
它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。
通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。
写主题句应注意以下几点：①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点②提炼出一句具有概括性的话③主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。
Step II巧用连接词要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词表示罗列增加First, second, third,First, then / next, after that / next, finallyFor one thing … for another…,On (the) one hand…on the other hand,Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,Especially / In particular,表示时间顺序now, at present, recently,after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,at first, in the beginning, to begin with,later, next, finally,immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the momentform now on, from then on,at the same time, meanwhile,till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,表示解释说明now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreoverfurthermore, in fact, actually表示转折关系but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the otherhand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,表示并列关系or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or,neither …nor表示因果关系because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that表示条件关系as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless表示让步关系though, although, a s, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever,whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)表示举例for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example表示比较be similar to, simila rly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)…just like, just as,表示目的for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,表示强调in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly,obviously, above all,表示概括归纳in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion,Step III 三种英语写作模板图标作文As is shown by the figure/percentage in the table/picture,____ has been on rise/ decrease, significantly/dramatically rising/decreasing from ____ in _____ to _____ in _____. From the sharp rise/decline in the chart, it goes without saying that _____.There are at least two good reasons accounting for _____. In one hand, ____.In the other hand, _____ is due to the fact that ______.In addition, ______ is responsible for _____. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ______.But itis generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.书信作文模板Dear ...,I am extremely pleased to hear from you. And I would like to write a letter to tell you that_____.……I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/I am looking f0rward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.S incerely yours,话题作文Nowadays, there are more and more __ _ in __ _. It is estimatedthat ___. Why have there been so many ____? Maybe the reasons canbe listed as follows.The first one is ______. Besides,_____. The third one is _____. Tosum up, the main cause of it is due to _____. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing,_____. For another thing,_____. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of _____.对比观点作文_____ is becoming more and more popular recently. There are twosides of opinions of it. Some people say ____ is their favorite. Theyhold their view for the reason of ____. What is more,_____。
Body Language and Non-verbal Communication Reading and Vocabulary
1812019年16期总第456期基础教育研究ENGLISH ON CAMPUSBody Language and Non-verbal Communication Reading and Vocabulary文/武艳方 郭海金Muslims“Giving a 4_________”,where they touchtheir 5____ , mouth and forehead 6_______Joining hands and bowing head in respect7.__________“Give me five”Task 3: Part 3(Para. 6) Choose the right answer:1. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to thephrase “give away” in the last paragraph? ( )A. Give sb. sth. for free.B. Throw away.C. Give up.D. Make sth. known to sb.2. Body language is less communicative than spoken or written language. (True or False)Step 4: Post-reading: Task 1: Retell the passage. Retell the passage with the help of the given words.Spoken and written words, learned body language, greet strangers, Asian countries, Hindus, American youths, fascinating.Task 2: Appreciate the good sentences: find the three sentences in the passage:Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person, but they always involve the hands.Even today, when some people have very informal styles of greeting, they still use their hands as a gesture of trust.Discuss in groups: What is the function of the 2 sentences? What if they are left out?Step 5: Language points(You are required to make notes on your books after checking the answers).Task 1: Underline the phrases in the passage and write down the Chinese meaning. 1. more than. 2. vary from ---to---. 3. on guard. 4. be busy doing/with sth. 5. make a deal. 6. hold up. 7. give away.Task 2: Analyzing and translating the long and difficult sentences.We see examples of unconscious body language very often, yet there is also “learned” body language, which varies from culture to culture.Step 6: Homework.Task: Try to collect more learned body language which aredifferent in different cultures and give a short report within 100 words at the beginning of next class. 【作者简介】武艳方，山东省淄博第十中学；郭海金，山东省淄博市淄川区教学研究室。
艺术生大学英语教材课后答案
艺术生大学英语教材课后答案Title: Answers to Art Major College English Textbook ExercisesIntroduction:In this article, I will provide answers to the exercises in the College English textbook for art major students. These answers are intended to assist students in their studies and enhance their understanding of the English language.Exercise 1: Vocabulary and Word Usage1. Sculpture2. Impressionism3. Composition4. Renaissance5. PerspectiveExercise 2: Grammar and Syntax1. The artist is painting a beautiful landscape.2. The painting, which was created in the 17th century, is considered a masterpiece.3. Leonardo da Vinci, the famous Italian painter, sculptor, and architect, is known for his contributions to the art world.4. The artwork displayed in the museum attracts millions of visitors each year.5. The exhibition showcases a wide range of artistic styles and techniques.Exercise 3: Reading Comprehension1. The primary purpose of the passage is to discuss the influence of art on society.2. According to the passage, art provides a means of self-expression and communication.3. The author believes that art can inspire social change and foster creativity.4. Picasso's painting "Guernica" is a powerful representation of the horrors of war.5. The passage suggests that art can transcend language barriers and evoke emotional reactions.Exercise 4: Writing PracticeWrite a brief paragraph (about 100 words) describing your favorite artwork and explaining why you find it inspiring.My favorite artwork is Vincent Van Gogh's "Starry Night." The swirling brushstrokes and vibrant colors create a sense of movement and energy, drawing the viewer into the painting. The depiction of the night sky and the stars evokes a feeling of calm and wonder. Van Gogh's use of light and shadow adds depth and dimension to the piece. I find this artwork inspiring because it showcases the artist's unique perspective and his ability to conveyemotions through his brushwork. "Starry Night" reminds me of the beauty of nature and the importance of embracing creativity in our lives.Exercise 5: Listening PracticeTranscription:Speaker 1: Are you familiar with the term "performance art"?Speaker 2: Yes, it refers to artistic presentations that involve live actions by the artist, sometimes incorporating elements of theater or dance.Speaker 1: That's correct. Performance art often challenges traditional forms of art and encourages audience participation.Speaker 2: I recently attended a performance art show where the artist interacted with the audience, creating a unique and immersive experience.Speaker 1: It's fascinating how performance art blurs the boundaries between the artist and the viewer, creating a dynamic and engaging atmosphere.Speaker 2: Absolutely. It allows artists to express themselves in unconventional ways, pushing the limits of artistic expression.Conclusion:These answers to the exercises in the College English textbook for art major students aim to assist in their language learning journey. By providing accurate solutions, students can enhance their vocabulary, grammar, and reading comprehension skills. Furthermore, engaging in writing and listening practices relevant to art will deepen their understanding of the subject matter and foster creativity in their language skills.。
Body+Language+Writing+导学案 高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第一册
主题写作一-肢体语言【学习目标】1.To read the essay about the teachers how to know their students.2.To learn the organization and language features.3.To write about body language.【重点难点】1.To learn the organization and language features.2.To write about body language.I、写作任务:请以“Body Language”为题写一篇英语短文,介绍肢体语言以及正确使用肢体语言的重要性。
注意: 1.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;2.词数80 左右。
II、审题谋篇明确体裁、话题说明文;肢体语言明确时态、人称一般现在时为主; 第三人称布局文章架构第一段:简单介绍肢体语言第二段:正确使用肢体语言的重要性第三段:结论列出核心要点如何正确使用肢体语言III素材整理1.关键词语①_________________________被广泛运用①_________________________在这个过程中①_________________________社会交往①_________________________具有重大意义①______________分解①_____________使某人尴尬和羞愧①_____________以……为例①______________总结①_______________表示尊重和感谢①_________________挥手致意11.____________________屏住呼吸2.遣词造句(1)完成句子①肢体语言在社会交往中被广泛运用。
Body language___________________in the course of_____________________.①尽管在不同的文化中有所差异,但它是非常重要的,无论在哪里。
Task 2 - Lecture 3 - Body Paragraph
Concluding sentence
A Hawaiian Wedding
The mix of cultures in Hawaii makes wedding there very special occasions. Certainly, Hawaiian clothing, music, and other Hawaiian customs play a big role . For example, the bride often wears a long white holoku, and the groom wears a long-sleeved white shirt and pants with red sash around his waist. Both the bride and the groom wear leis. The bride’s lei is traditionally made of white flowers such as pikake (jasmine), and the groom’s is made of green maile leaves. Another Hawaiian custom is the blowing of a conch shell three times to begin the ceremony. Hawaiian music is played both during the ceremony and during the luau afterward. Other customs included in the festivities depend on the ethnic back-grounds of the couple. For instance, there may be noisy fire-crackers, a Chinese way of keeping bad spirits away. There may be display of Japanese origami, or there may be a pandango, a Filipino custom. During a pandango, the wedding guests tape money together and wrap it around the couple during their first dance as husband and wife. All in all, a Hawaiian wedding is truly a magical, multicultural event.
东南大学英文技术写作MOOC答案精选全文完整版
Test 1Which of the following is not one of the features of technical documents?Writer-centerednessClear organizationReadable styleEffective visualsOne of the purposes of technical writing is to enable people to perform a task or follow a procedure, that is, to __________ your readers.suggestinstructpersuadeinformWhen writing a technical document, keep two audiences in mind. Most documents are geared to an immediate audience of readers. This is your __________ audience.semitechnicalnontechnicalprimarysecondary________ are those with no specialized training, who look for the big picture instead of complex details. They expect technical data to be translated into words most people understand.ExpertsLaypersonsAudiencesInformed personsThe most emphatic location in a pragraph is the __________ sentence.middlelastfirstsecond__________ is like trying new paint: you do not know whether you like the color until you see it on the wall.RevisingEditingPlanningDraftingThe purpose of my document is to __________ company employees of the new absentee policy and to __________ them on how to follow the procedures properly.suggest; informinform; instructpersuade; suggestinstruct; persuadeIn most of your writing, you will carry out the task in a process consisting of five steps: planning, drafting, revising, editing and __Proofreading________.Assessing your audience’s technical background is essential before deciding whether your document should be highly technical __Semitechnical_________, or nontechnical.Clear writing means that the sentences can be understood in ____one______ reading.Actually almost every day, we make decisions or take actions that depend on __technical__________ information.To help your audience spend less time reading, you must spend more time __Processing__（error）revising_ for a style that is clear, concise, fluent, and appropriate in tone.Test 2The principle of __________ means that related items should be grouped together.proximityrepetitioncontrastalignmentThe principle of __________ is that you should treat the same kind of information in the same way to create consistent patterns.repetitioncontrastalignmentproximityThe principle of __________ works in several different ways in technical documents, such as large type with small type, a cool color with a warm color, and etc.contrastalignmentrepetitionproximityThe principle of __________ is what tells the reader that the invisible line connecting the text is much stronger.proximityalignmentrepetitioncontrastWe often use __________ tables to compare exact values.prosesummarynumericalappendix__________ charts are used to depict how the phases of a project relate.PieOrganizationTreeGanttWhich of the following is serif typeface?HelveticaTahomaArialTimes New RomanThe four basic principles of __design________ are proximity, alignment, repetition and contrast.All typefaces are divided into two broad categories: serif and ____sans______ serif.Headers and __footers________ appear in the top and bottom page margins, respectively to provide chapter or article titles, authors’ names, dates, or other publication information.Test 3Which of the following is the most suitable way for communication between people within an organization?MessagingMicroblogsMemoEmailsWhich of the following is NOT a reason for using moderately formal tone for workplace communication?Your documents may be read by your boss.Your documents will be read by people on the move.Your documents are legally the property of the organization for which you work.Your documents may appear in a court of law.Which of the following may hinder goodwill and communicate ineffectively?Sloppy appearance.Conventional format.Logical organization.Concise language.Text messages can .save more time compared with telephone callallow the writer to deal with more than one taskincrease intimidationattach other filesText messages may have some potential problems EXCEPT .employee misuseeasy documentationlost productivitysecurity issuesWhich of the following statements is FALSE?Abbreviations can help build rapport among colleagues.Abbreviations can help people exchange information quickly.Abbreviations can be used when the readers can understand such abbreviations. Abbreviations can be used to avoid misunderstanding.Which of the following is NOT an advantage of email?Email is very formal, including detailed attachments for professionals. Email can be easily stored and forwarded.Email provides a company with extensive records for future reference.Email is useful when people are in different time zones.Which of the following is the best subject line?Inquiry about Sunday TrainingIT’S IMPORTANTHow are you?HelloIf you want to convey your messages effectively, you should .put the readers’ levels of knowledge into considerationestablish friendship with your readers in advancecommunicate more with high-tech readersfollow the email policy of the company your reader is working withWhich of the following is NOT a key point in memos?Introduction.Discussion.Complimentary closing.Identification lines.Which of the following can make the memo more reader-friendly?Boldfacing.Headings.Graphics.All of the above.If you want to write an effective memo, you should NOT .keep it brief and to the pointuse visuals to display informationprovide sufficient informationaddress more than one topicTest 4In a chronological résumé, what is most recent should be listed last.×In a functional resume, sections are presented in priority order—from least important tomost important.×Skills summary should be placed early in the resume to make your major qualifications stand out.√A person with limited work experience should write his/her resume in the following order: Contact information – Objectives – Experience – Education – Professional membershipsand affiliations - Certifications – Skills - Awards and honors.×A chronological resume clearly shows an applicant’s education and career development over time.√One of the purposes of a cover letter is to provide more details for the information in yourresume.×A recent graduate might want to present his/her education before the work experience in the cover letter.√In the education paragraph of a cover letter, an applicant should discuss all the skills andknowledge he/she has gained from the university or college.×In the employment paragraph of a cover letter, an applicant should explain how the special skills gained from his/her previous work experience make him/her well-suited for theposition he/she is applying for.√In the Objective section, you only need to state in which field you'd like to work.×Passive voice is usually used in describing positions or responsibilities in a resume.×The line spacing between items is important because it can make your resume appear clearly organized.√Sentence fragments are not allowed in a resume.×You use present perfect tense for jobs you held and present tense for jobs you currently hold. ×Some applicants write a summary in the beginning of a resume to summarize all that he is writing in the following sections.×Test 5Instructions spell out the steps required for completing a task or a series of tasks.√If the instructions are for the technicians, plain language and a glossary for specialized terms are really necessary. ×Leaving out some articles, some pronouns and some verbs can make the instructions short and brief, but somewhat difficult for readers to understand. √A title page must consist of the topic, contact information, warranties and a graphic.×Compared with numbers, bullet points and letters are better choices for helping readers locate steps.×Positive words, such as “Thank you” and “pleasure” may help achieve positive customer contact. √The imperative mood is often used in writing instructions, because it is more direct and economical.√It is necessary to ask someone to test the accuracy of the instructions and clarity of the steps.√The best policy to deal with potential dangers in writing instructions is to state disclaimers clearly.דCaution” is used to alert readers about serious injury or serious damage to equipment.×Put safety information wherever you think the reader is likely to see it; sometimes a reasonable amount of repetition is effective.√Compound-complex sentences can keep readers focused on one step at a time, while short words, short sentences, and short paragraphs may create confusion.×Test 6A(n) ____________ is a persuasive document that offers a solution to an identified problem or need.instructionresumeproposalemailIn the __________ of proposals, you should demonstrate the need for the project, your qualifications for tackling the project, and your clear understanding of what needs to be done and how to proceed.conclusionintroductionbodyappendixIn the __________ of proposals, you should reemphasize need and feasibility and encourage action.introductionbodyappendixconclusionThe __________ proposal seeks money from a government agency, foundation, or other funding source for a specified project.planningresearchgrantsalesRFP is the short form of __________ for a Proposal. It outlines the proposal requirements and represents the first stage of creating a proposal, that is, analyzing the RFP.RequisitionRequirementRecruitmentRequestThe __________ proposal asks for approval to begin a study or an investigation.planningresearchgrantsalesUnsolicited proposals are those that have been requested by the audience.× Persuasiveness is the soul of a proposal.√Proposal often follow an introduction/body/conclusion structure.√A persuasive proposal might not be a readable one.×Exaggerated promises in persuasive proposals will not damage reputations×The benefit list should show that you understand what readers will gain by adopting your plan.√Test 7A(n) __________ report is a written answer to a problem or a need that arises in the workplace.progressfeasibilityactivityrecommendation__________ section is the most important part of a report where the writer clarifies and explains the significance of the results.OptionsIntroductionDiscussionScopeThe writer explains why each criterion was chosen and why they are ranked as they are in the __________ section.introductionscopediscussionoptionsWhich of the following is an analytical report?Activity reportTrip reportFeasibility reportProgress report__________ reports answer the question “Here’s what we should do and why”.RecommendationFeasibilityInformationalProgressWhich of the following is NOT included in the front matter of a report?GlossaryAbstractTable of contentsLetter of transmittalIf you don’t have time to read an entire formal report, you can consult its __________ for a general picture of the report.conclusionabstractletter of transmittalintroductionWhich of the following should be included in the table of contents?letter of transmittaltitle pageworks citedthe table of contents itselfWhich of the following pages are NOT numbered except __________?the back of the title pagethe table of contentsthe title pagethe back of the abstractThe __________ refers to all the material and information preceding the text of the report. back matterfront matterabstractexecutive summaryA ___progress_______ report is a document that describes what has been done and what is left to do on only one project.A progress report can take the following forms: letter, _memo____, email, or formal report.Activity reports and progress reports are similar because they both summarize activities over a specified period. But a(n) ___activity_______ report summarizes general activities of a work group over a specified time period.The ___back_______ matter of a report may include supplementary material such as a glossary, appendices, and/or bibliography.Use __Arabic________ numerals to number the report text pages.Test 8is considered primary data.An existing brochure stored in the company’s content management systemA printed copy of ISO standards for medical devicesStatistics about social media used in a published articleYour firsthand experience with a projectis NOT considered secondary resource.Your interview transcriptAn online discussion forumA published white paperAn operating manualWhich statement about citation is correct?Citation styles vary in different disciplines and fields.We should never cite a whole paragraph.Both direct and indirect quotations require the use of quotation marks.Technical writers can use up to three citation styles in one document.While conducting an observation, which of the followings is NOT recommended?Informing everyone on side about your presence.Taking notes while on site.Keeping records of date, time of day, and duration of the observation.Getting permission before the observation.While conducting an interview, which of the followings is NOT recommended?Chatting informally with the interviewee prior to the interview.Making comments and judgment when taking notes during the interview.Sending a thank-you email to the interviewee after your meeting.Arriving the interview site a bit earlier than the appointment time.Repurposing is a strategy used in content management while dealing with an ongoing project. Repurposing refers to the process of when it is suitable to the current project. Repurposing can save time and resource.receiving and storing informationresearching and selecting materialsplanning and developing new contentcopying and converting existing contentWhy is it important to document sources correctly?To avoid ethical issues.All of the choices.To give credits to the original author.To avoid legal problems.While creating technical documents, we should get permission or pay for the use of copyrighted sources except for:internal useeducational purposenon-commercial useinternational audienceAn engineering paper is most likely to follow:MLA styleAPA stylethe BluebookIEEE citation styleWhich statement about plagiarism is NOT true?Plagiarism is the theft of someone else’s intellectual property.Technical writers don’t need to document common knowledge such as information that is widely known in the field.Using a Weibo post without citation is generally acceptable because it is hard to trace the original source.Plagiarism is not acceptable in business, science, academia, or journalism.Final exam。
Lecture 4 Paragraph
• A. Reading is fun.
• B. Books are my father’s hobby.
• C. My father was a main influence in my life.
35 - 2
Parts of a Paragraph
• Go= Topic Sentence • Continue= Supporting Details • Stop= Closing Sentence
35 - 3
•What
Big Mac Cheeseburger
Topic Sentence
are the ingredients of a Big Mac Cheeseburger?
Paragraph
Lecture Four
A paragraph is a collection of related sentences dealing with a single topic.
Paragraph Structure
1. Can you use one metaphor to illustrate the paragraph structure?
Top Bun
Bottom Bun
Lettuce Tomato Cheese Supporting details Onion Special Sauce Hamburger
Concluding Sentence
35 - 4
A good paragraph is like a Big Mac.
• The top and bottom bun hold the stuff inside together.
高考英语一轮复习专题4.4Bodylanguage(讲)(含解析)(2021学年)
201８年高考英语一轮复习专题4.4 Body lａnｇuaｇe(讲)(含解析）编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（２0１8年高考英语一轮复习专题4.4 Body lａnguagｅ(讲)(含解析））的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
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专题４。
4 Bｏdy langｕage背诵这篇范文【黑龙江省大庆中学2018届高三上学期开学考试】假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter曾表示希望来中国教书。
你校现需招聘外教，请给他写封信，告知招聘信息。
内容主要包括:教授课程：英语口语、英语写作、今日美国、今日英国等授课对象:高中生（至少三年英语基础）工作量:—每周12学时,任选三门课—任学生英语俱乐部或英语校报顾问(advisor）注意：词数１００左右；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;开关语已为你写好,请将完整的回信书写在答题卡上。
【答案】Dｅａｒ Peｔer,I remember you toｌd me you were iｎterestｅd ｉn tｅacｈing in Ｃhina. Our s ｃhoｏl ｎｏw is loｏkiｎg ｆor a ｎaｔivｅ-speakeｒtｏteach some courｓｅs to ｓｅnｉor ｈigｈ stuｄenｔs。
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IELTS Writing Band Descriptors
IELTS Writing Band Descriptors: Task 1BandTask achievementCoherence and cohesionLexical resourceGrammatical range and accuracy9• fully satisfies all the requirements of the task• clearly presents a fully developed response• uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attention• skilfully manages paragraphing• uses a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticated cont rol of lexical features; rare minor errors occur only as ‘slips’• uses a wide range of structures with full fle xibility and accuracy; rare mi nor errors occur only as ‘slips’8• covers all requirements of the task sufficiently• presents, highlights and illustrates key features/ bullet points clearly and appropriately• sequences information and ideas logically• m anages all aspects of cohesion well• uses paragraphing sufficiently and appropriately• uses a wide range of vocabulary fluently and flexibly to convey precise meanings• skilfully uses uncommon lexical items but there may be occasional inaccu racies in word choice and collocation• produces rare errors in spelling and/or word formation• uses a wide range of structures• the majority of sentences are error-free• makes only very occasional errors or inappropriacies7• covers the requirements of the task•(Academic) presents a clear overview of main trends, differences or stag es• (General Training) presents a clear purpose, with the tone consistent and appropriate• clearly presents and highlights key features/bullet points but could be more fully extended• logically organises information and ideas; there is clear progression throu ghout• uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be so me under-/over-use• uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precisi on• uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and colloc ation• may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and/or word form ation• uses a variety of complex structures• produces frequent error-free sentences• has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few error s6• addresses the requirements of the task• (Academic) presents an overview with information appropriately selected • (General Training) presents a purpose that is generally clear; there may be inconsistencies in tone• presents and adequately highlights key features/ bullet points but details may be irrelevant, inappropriate or inaccurate• arranges information and ideas coherently and there is a clear overall pr ogression• uses cohesive devices effect ively, but cohesion within and/or between se ntences may be faulty or mechanical• may not always use referencing clearly or appropriately• uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task• attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy• makes some errors in spelling and/or word formation, but they do not i mpede communication• uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms• makes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they rarely reduce c ommunication5• generally addresses the ta sk; the format may be inappropriate in places • (Academic) recounts detail mechanically with no clear overview; there m ay be no data to support the description• (General Training) may present a purpose for the letter that is unclear a t times; the tone may be variable and sometimes inappropriate• presents, but inadequately covers, key features/ bullet points; there may be a tendency to focus on details• presents information with some organisation but there may be a lack of overall progression• makes inad equate, inaccurate or over-use of cohesive devices• may be repetitive because of lack of referencing and substitution• uses a limited range of vocabulary, but this is minimally adequate for th e task• may make noticeable errors in spelling and/or word fo rmation that may cause some difficulty for the reader• uses only a limited range of structures• attempts complex sentences but these tend to be less accurate than sim ple sentences• may make frequent grammatical errors and punctuation may be faulty; e rrors can cause some difficulty for the reader4• attempts to address the task but does not cover all key features/bullet p oints; the format may be inappropriate• (General Training) fails to clearly explain the purpose of the letter; the t one may be inappropriate• may confuse key features/bullet points with detail; parts may be unclear, irrelevant, repetitive or inaccurate• presents information and ideas but these are not arranged coherently an d there is no clear progression in the response• uses some bas ic cohesive devices but these may be inaccurate or repetit ive• uses only basic vocabulary which may be used repetitively or which may be inappropriate for the task• has limited control of word formation and/or spelling; errors may cause strain for the reader• uses only a very limited range of structures with only rare use of subord inate clauses• some structures are accurate but errors predominate, and punctuation is often faulty3• fails to address the task, which may have been completely misunderstood• presents limited ideas which may be largely irrelevant/repetitive• does not organise ideas logically• may use a very limited range of cohesive devices, and those used may not indicate a logical relationship between ideas• uses only a very limited ran ge of words and expressions with very limite d control of word formation and/or spelling• errors may severely distort the message• attempts sentence forms but errors in grammar and punctuation predomi nate and distort the meaning2• answer is barely relat ed to the task• has very little control of organisational features• uses an extremely limited range of vocabulary; essentially no control of word formation and/or spelling• cannot use sentence forms except in memorised phrases1• answer is completely u nrelated to the task• fails to communicate any message• can only use a few isolated words• cannot use sentence forms at all• does not attend• does not attempt the task in any way• writes a totally memorised responseIELTS Writing Band Descriptors: Task 2BandTask responseCoherence and cohesionLexical resourceGrammatical range and accuracy9• fully addresses all parts of the task• presents a fully developed position in answer to the question with releva nt, fully extended and well supported ideas• uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attention• skilfully manages paragraphing• uses a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticated cont rol of lexical features; rare minor errors occur only as ‘slips’• uses a wide range of structures with full flexibility and accuracy; rare mi nor errors occur only as ‘slips’8• sufficiently addresses all parts of the task• presents a well-developed response to the question with relevant, extend ed and supported ideas• sequences informat ion and ideas logically• manages all aspects of cohesion well• uses paragraphing sufficiently and appropriately• uses a wide range of vocabulary fluently and flexibly to convey precise meanings• skilfully uses uncommon lexical items but there may be oc casional inaccu racies in word choice and collocation• produces rare errors in spelling and/or word formation• uses a wide range of structures• the majority of sentences are error-free• makes only very occasional errors or inappropriacies7• addresses all parts of the task• presents a clear position throughout the response• presents, extends and supports main ideas, but there may be a tendenc y to over-generalise and/or supporting ideas may lack focus• logically organises information and ideas; there is clear progression throu ghout• uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be so me under-/over-use• presents a clear central topic within each paragraph• uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precisi on• uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and colloc ation• may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and/or word form ation• uses a variety of complex structures• produces frequent error-free sentences• has good contr ol of grammar and punctuation but may make a few error s6• addresses all parts of the task although some parts may be more fully c overed than others• presents a relevant position although the conclusions may become uncle ar or repetitive• presents releva nt main ideas but some may be inadequately developed/u nclear• arranges information and ideas coherently and there is a clear overall pr ogression• uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between se ntences may be faulty or mechanical• may not always use referencing clearly or appropriately• uses paragraphing, but not always logically• uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task• attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy• makes some errors in spelling an d/or word formation, but they do not i mpede communication• uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms• makes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they rarely reduce c ommunication5• addresses the task only partially; the format may be inappro priate in pla ces• expresses a position but the development is not always clear and there may be no conclusions drawn• presents some main ideas but these are limited and not sufficiently deve loped; there may be irrelevant detail• presents information wit h some organisation but there may be a lack of overall progression• makes inadequate, inaccurate or over-use of cohesive devices• may be repetitive because of lack of referencing and substitution• may not write in paragraphs, or paragraphing may be inad equate• uses a limited range of vocabulary, but this is minimally adequate for th e task• may make noticeable errors in spelling and/or word formation that may cause some difficulty for the reader• uses only a limited range of structures• attempts compl ex sentences but these tend to be less accurate than sim ple sentences• may make frequent grammatical errors and punctuation may be faulty; e rrors can cause some difficulty for the reader4• responds to the task only in a minimal way or the answer is tang ential; the format may be inappropriate• presents a position but this is unclear• presents some main ideas but these are difficult to identify and may be repetitive, irrelevant or not well supported• presents information and ideas but these are not arra nged coherently an d there is no clear progression in the response• uses some basic cohesive devices but these may be inaccurate or repetit ive• may not write in paragraphs or their use may be confusing• uses only basic vocabulary which may be used repeti tively or which may be inappropriate for the task• has limited control of word formation and/or spelling; errors may cause strain for the reader• uses only a very limited range of structures with only rare use of subord inate clauses• some structures are accurate but errors predominate, and punctuation is often faulty3• does not adequately address any part of the task• does not express a clear position• presents few ideas, which are largely undeveloped or irrelevant• does not organise ideas logically• may use a very limited range of cohesive devices, and those used may not indicate a logical relationship between ideas• uses only a very limited range of words and expressions with very limite d control of word formation and/or spelling• errors may sev erely distort the message• attempts sentence forms but errors in grammar and punctuation predomi nate and distort the meaning2• barely responds to the task• does not express a position• may attempt to present one or two ideas but there is no developmen t • has very little control of organisational features• uses an extremely limited range of vocabulary; essentially no control of word formation and/or spelling• cannot use sentence forms except in memorised phrases1• answer is completely unrelated to t he task• fails to communicate any message• can only use a few isolated words• cannot use sentence forms at all• does not attend• does not attempt the task in any way• writes a totally memorised response。
21世纪 大学英语读写教程第二册Unit 3
Unit 3 Text A The tale of a cultural translatorI.Teaching Objectives1.Understand the audio materials of this unit.2.Grasp the key words , phrases and structure.3.Master the skills of writing and reading in this unit.1). developing a passage with the general observation and the examples that illustrate it2). understanding idiomatic expressions.II. Teaching Content1.Lead-in Activities2.Text Organization3.Skill Learning in Writing and Readingnguage Points (key words, phrases and difficult sentences)5.Guided Practice ( exercises, oral practice and group work )III. Teaching Process1. Warm-up Questions/ActivityIntroduction remarks:W hen a group of human beings work together, what does it take to make the cooperation go smoothly, effectively and productively? This question is one that every business manager faces. Good training, good conditions, a pleasant atmosphere, a common aim — all of these factors play a part, but the richness of human psychology makes management a subtle and demanding art. And when businesses go international, there are even more complexities to cope with. In the last unit, we looked at how cultural differences affect education. But what goes on after school? What happens at work in a world that’s rapidly becoming a ―global village‖? The three texts you’re going to read in this unit explore some of the fascinating complications of international management.Questions:1). .What kind of qualifications should be required to do well in a foreign company?2). What’s cross-cultural communication?3). List some conflicts caused by different cultures. How to solve the problem of conflicts?4). Do you think language and culture are closely related? Why?2. Text OrganizationPart I (para 1 ) Introduction of the topic: cultural differences → conflicts→ need for a cultural translatorPart II. ( para 2-11) An example: George’s storyPart III. ( para 12 ) Conclusion: The first thing you need for the problems in a joint venture is a cultural translator.3. Skill learning in writing and reading1). The article includes several paragraphs in which the author starts with a general observation and then presents a series of examples to illustrate his point. ( para 3, 9 )2). The meaning of idiomatic expressions can be very hard to guess. Word formation clues do n’t always help, and can even mislead us entirely! But effective readers don’t give up on the first try.They keep reading, in search of context clues – examples, explanations, contrasts or parallel phrases – that can help them figure out the meaning of idiomatic expressions.4. Language Points1) run into --meet by chance; encounter unexpectedlyExamples:I ran into Joe yesterday on Main Street.After a promising start, the company ran into debt.0You will run into trouble if you don't take care.2) a nultitude of little things that escalate into big emotional battles --a large number of small incidents that develop into serious emotional conflictsa multitude of/multitudes of-- a very large number ofExamples:It didn't work out quite like I intended it to for a multitude of reasons.Multitudes of football fans crowded round the entrance to the hotel in an effort to see in person the world-famous star.escalate vi. & vt. increase in intensity, degree, or amount; make or become greater or more serious Examples:The UN must do something before the war escalated beyond control.The inflation rate has been escalating in many Asian countries.If we surrender on this small issue, they will undoubtedly escalate their demands.3). all the parties --all the sidesparty --n. person or people forming one side in a legal agreement or conflictExamples:Is this solution acceptable to all parties concerned?A third party from outside the village was brought in as a witness.4) the director of international operations--the director of (the department of) international businesses activities5) temporary transfer to Japan --working temporarily in Japantransfer n. the process by which sb. or sth. moves or is moved from one place, job, etc. to another Examples:David was fed up with his job in London so he asked for a transfer to the Paris office.Blake's transfer to an Italian football club came as a shock to all his supporters.6) From the start, George was well accepted by all the Japanese employee------George was treated as welcome by all Japanese employees from the very beginning.accept (sb.)--vt. think of (sb.) as part of the group and treat him in the same way as other members of it; treat (sb.) as welcomeExamples:The children gradually began to accept her.He was never really accepted by his fellow workers.7)anyone sent to represent US owners--anyone who is sent to the joint venture in Japan as representative of the American company8) George was so naturally nonassertive that no one could see him as a threat to their careers --George was by nature so easy and modest that his presence in the joint venture didn't pose any threat to the positions of Japanese managers and employees9) they felt comfortable asking his advice--they didn't feel embarrassed when they asked his advice10) the odd behavior of their partners across the ocean --the strange way in whichtheir American partners act11) get into the habit of doing sth. --start to do sth. so often that it becomes a habit Examples:He's got into the habit of switching on the TV as soon as he gets home.I got into the habit of studying in the library when I was in college.12) come to an end--stop; finishExamples:And here the story comes to an end.The team's run of success seems to come to an end.When this temporary job comes to an end, I'll be unemployed again.13) pick up--learn or acquire easily without making much effortExamples:George picked up a few Japanese phrases when he was on a business trip to Tokyo.I don't know where my children have picked up those rude words!We need someone who will pick the job up quickly.14) He drank green tea at all hours, ...Westerners are in the habit of drinking black tea only at certain hours such as tea breaks or tea times, while the Japanese, like us Chinese, have the habit of drinking green tea all the time. So this is one of the Japanese habits that George had picked up by the time his first two-year contract came to an end.at all hours ----at any time; all the timeExamples:The restaurant serves meals at all hours.She is inclined to telephone at all hours of the day or night.15) The Japanese engineers had surpassed George in their knowledge .—The Japanese engineers knew more about... than George did (so they no longer needed George to give them advice)surpass --vt. be even better or greater than; go beyondExamples:Your excellent performance has surpassed everyone's expectations.The director has really surpassed himself with this new film.His time for the 100 meters surpassed the previous world record by one hundredth of a second.16) the country he had come to love--the country he had started to like17) Faced with the threat of an unwilling departure from Japan,... --Seeing the unpleasant possibility of having to leave Japan in spite of himself, ...be faced with ----be confronted with; be made to meet (sth. bad or difficult)Examples:Faced with the threat of losing their jobs, the workers on strike decided to go back to work.He is faced with a difficult choice after graduation: to go back to his hometown or stay in the big city.18) George reinvented himself as a "cultural translator". --George changed himself and tookon the role of a "cultural translator".19)the Japanese ... president was –again--offended by a message from the American management --the Japanese ... president was --as he had already been on other occasions--angry with a message sent to him by the American managementThe adverb again can be used to indicate and emphasize a similarity between the situation, action or subject that is happening or being discussed now and a previous one.Examples:My last question is again a somewhat personal one.20) go along with:agree with: acceptExamples:She'll go along with your decision.How could you go along with such a plan----We'll go along with your suggestions, although they're not exactly what we want.21) It worked the other way around, too.--It was also effective with messages from the American management to the Japanese.22) ensure--vt. make sure; guaranteeExamples:Come early to ensure that you get a seat.This letter will ensure you an interview.The door did not lock, but at least it ensured a reasonable amount of privacy.23). Whenever we did that anyway, he came to the rescue at once. --Every time when we did do or say something stupid from the Japanese viewpoint, he promptly offered to help us out of the embarrassing situation.24) Whole multitudes of difficulties never arose...--Difficult problems never occurred in large numbers...25) thanks to--because of; owing to; with the help ofExamples:Thanks to a cool summer, our electricity bills have been very low.The play was a great success thanks to the effort and commitment of everyone involved.26) smooth over --make (problems or difficulties) seem less serious or more pleasant Examples:Perhaps a gift of flowers will help to smooth your quarrel over.Would you like me to try to smooth things over between you and your parents?Bill tried to smooth over his argument with Mary.27) Since leaving that company in George's capable hands, I've advised many firms on international operations. --Since I left the company in the charge of capable George, I've given suggestions to many companies about developing their international business5. Guided Practice (exercises, oral practice and group work)1) SummaryA. Ask several students to retell the text by using their own words.B. Talk about the main idea or theme of the text.2). ExercisesA. Comprehension of the text(During the period of preview or discussions in class).B. vocabulary IV--VII(homework)C. Translation( on exercise-book)6. After-class Assignments1). Practice your skills at hypothesizing the meanings of some new words and idiomatic expressions before you read Text B. Match the words and expressions listed on the left with the best definitions on the right and hypothesize what the words and expressions probably mean. Then scan the article until you locate each word or phrase, and look for context clues to check your hypothesis.2). This passage uses simple conjunctions very effectively to show how his observations are supported by examples. Try the same thing as you write your own paragraph.Text B A Multicultural PersonLanguage Points1. be exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime : have direct experience of life in different cultural contexts2. You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you.:Without understanding someone, esp. someone of another culture, and making him/her feel that you are one of them, you can not convince him/her to do anything (such as purchase a product or participate in a business deal).3. Customers are turned off by monocultural salespeople--- Customers dislike salespeople who are arrogant about their own culture.turn off :cause (sb.) to be bored or disgusted4. set up their own cultural barriers ----build up their own cultural defenses5. managers for international positions ----managers holding positions in international operations6. chances are you're in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers ----it is very likely that you do business with foreigners7. forging these relations :creating these relations8. an executive-search firm : a head-hunting firm9. wind up doing: end up doing; do in the end10. To seek out this crucial quality ... -----To find this extremely important quality...seek out---find <sb. or sth.) by looking hardExamples:It took me several weeks to seek out the reference material that I needed for my paper.How can we seek out a really good person for the job?11. And I probe for arrogance about their background and environment. and I investigate thoroughly to find out if they are arrogant about their own culture.12. make the call----make the decisioncall ---n. a decision made by referee, umpire, etc. in a sports match13. have no concept of ---have no idea of14. Similarly, don't think for a moment that a proven American salesperson can be sent to Great Britain and be expected to sell there, since it's the same language.-----Likewise, don't take it for granted that a truly American salesperson can be expected to dobusiness well in Britain simply because he speaks the same language. not for a moment ----not at allExamples:I didn't believe for a moment that he was an actor.I never suspected for a moment that you were married.15. nine out of ten cases --- in most cases; very likely"Out of can be used to indicate what proportion of a group of things something is true of. For example, if something is true of one out of five things, it is true of one fifth of all things of that kind.16. fall for ---- be attracted to; be tricked byExamples:Doug was too clever to fall for a story like that.Don't fall for that old trick; he's trying to persuade you to buy his goods.17. feel like a bull in a china shop--- and an exceptionally clumsy bull at that-----feel very clumsy----or even unusually clumsya bull in a china shop ---- an extremely careless and clumsy person who keeps knocking things over, dropping things, breaking things, etc.at that ---- besides; in addition。
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1. What is the topic sentence?
The mix of cultures in Hawaii makes wedding there
very special occasions.
2. What is the concluding sentence?
All in all, a Hawaiian wedding is truly a magical,
Composing topic sentences
1. T0 + a verb
e.g. To reduce global warming, a great effort is deeded.
2. Number statements
e.g. Three issues dominate this year’s G20 meeting.
by Wang Zhenkuan -- Wang Zhenkuan
Structure of an English Essay
Introduction
Body Paragraphs
Conclusion
Ø Body paragraph 1 Ø Body paragraph 2 Ø Body paragraph 3
2. A college education is important for these reasons.
Ø _________________________________________ Ø _________________________________________ Ø _________________________________________
3. Position statements
e.g. Even though the UN spends much money on controlling aids, it has no real effects.
4. Occasion + a quotation/proverb
e.g. Although we have failed so many times, we will never forget: “no pain, no gain.”
B. music
Conch shell: blowing 3 times Played: during the ceremony and luau
C. customs
Chinese: firecrackers Japanese: origami display Filipino: a pandango - tape money
Some people skip breakfast because they think it will help them lose weight. Another reason people give is that they simply don’t like breakfast. For others, the reason is cultural. People in some cultures consume only two meals each day instead of three, and breakfast isn’t traditionally one of them. The most common reason people give is lack of time. They like to stay in bed until the last minute, and then they have to rush to get to work or to school on time.
p Digital photos are composed of small squares, just like
a tiled kitchen floor or bathroom wall. too specific
p Digital cameras have several advantages over film
A. There is a variety of food in the United states.
B. Food in the United States varies from sweet desserts to spicy stews.
C. Different regions of the United States have their own traditional foods.
Giving examples
such as, namely, for example, for instance A particular example for this case is …
The city of London haAs pmaartniycuglraeraetxtaomurpislteaftotrratchtiisocnass.e__is_…___
multicultural event.
3. What are the supporting ideas?
^ ^^
A. clothing
Bride: a long white holoku Groom: white shirt and pants, red sash Both: leis made of flowers or leaves
Concluding sentence
Write supporting sentences
1. A good friend has three important qualities. Ø She/He must be trustable.
Ø ________________________________________ Ø ________________________________________ Ø ________________________________________
Structure of a body paragraph
Topic Sentence
Supporting idea 1 Supporting idea 2 Supporting idea 3
^^^
explanation evidence (examples)
explanation evidence (examples)
explanation evidence (examples)
Concluding sentence
A Hawaiian Wedding
The mix of cultures in Hawaii makes wedding there very special occasions. Certainly, Hawaiian clothing, music, and other Hawaiian customs play a big role . For example, the bride often wears a long white holoku, and the groom wears a long-sleeved white shirt and pants with red sash around his waist. Both the bride and the groom wear leis. The bride’s lei is traditionally made of white flowers such as pikake (jasmine), and the groom’s is made of green maile leaves. Another Hawaiian custom is the blowing of a conch shell three times to begin the ceremony. Hawaiian music is played both during the ceremony and during the luau afterward. Other customs included in the festivities depend on the ethnic back-grounds of the couple. For instance, there may be noisy fire-crackers, a Chinese way of keeping bad spirits away. There may be display of Japanese origami, or there may be a pandango, a Filipino custom. During a pandango, the wedding guests tape money together and wrap it around the couple during their first dance as husband and wife. All in all, a Hawaiian wedding is truly a magical, multicultural event.
Composing topic sentences
Topic
Controlling Idea
Some weddings take place in unusual locations.
Not too general;
Not too specific.
p Digital cameras take very good photos. too general
Structure of a body paragraph
Topic Sentence
Supporting idea 1 Supporting idea 2 Supporting idea 3