linking in English
Elison, Weak forms and Link-ups
D. Checklist for the weak forms (see 09-strong 09and weak forms handouts)
4. Linking
A. What is linking?
When speaking, people arrange words into groups and join together the stressed and unstressed words within the group. They move smoothly from one word to the next without making any stops. So when we listen to their speech, we hear the end of one word flow straight into the beginning to the next. This phenomenon of joining words together is called linking. (def.)
3. Weak form
A. The importance of learning weak form
1)
2)
Most native speakers of English find an “all-strong allform” form” pronunciation very unpleasant. Learners who are not familiar with the use of weak forms are likely to have difficulty understanding native speakers.
B. How to link words in English speech
linking英语口语中的连读 最全面总结
Pattern 2 Consonant + consonant
Rule 1
• S, L, F, M, N, D, J, W, H, V, Z • This Sunday • Until later
Rule 3 • /d/ +/j/ /dʒ/ • Did you • Could you
Rule 2
2
Why should we learn linking?
• 1. It will dramatically improve your listening. • 2. It will improve your pronunciation • 3. It will improve your nativeness.
• Rule 1 The +consonant /ə/
the dog
the bag
the book
• Rule 2 The +vowel(except long e) /ə/
the interesting thing
the apple
the earth
• Rule 3 The + vowel (long e)
9
thee
the evil spirit
the election
the eagle
thee
8
Pattern 5 deletion
• Did he get it? • Him • His • Have • Has • her
Consonant +/d/ or /t/ +consonant Old man Gold ring Most famous Hand bag Next day World religion
英语句子的连读
英语句子的连读
【Sound linking in English】
1.词尾以``r``或者``er``结尾后接元音词首连读
2.词尾以/i:/、/i/连接元音时用/j / 连读起来
3.词尾以/u:/、/u/ 接元音时用/w/ 连读起来
4.以/e/结尾的词与单词连读时外加r音
5.词尾辅音后面紧跟元音词首的单词，简称（辅接元）
6.词尾元音后面紧跟元音词首的单词时，平滑读，简称（元接元）
◆辅接元，元接元，辅辅不相连^ ^
特殊的：Gave (h) im a meal中的h不发音，因此e和i连读
另外Book In不连读，因为连读只发生在句子中的同一个意群中
在两个意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音和元音出现也不可连读。
如:Please take a look at it.这个句子中take a look at it是同一个意群,那么take与a 可连读,look与at可连读,at与it可连读。
微课 大赛获奖名单
21 22 23 24 25
雷文慧，孙冻 彭宣红童丽玲刘月辉李新冯思垚 欧阳锦屏 陈娜 马强 张秋娥 石丹丹 赵金晶
酒泉职业技术学院 岳阳职业技术学院 柳州职业技术学院 福建对外经济贸易职业技术学院 承德石油高等专科学校
甘肃省 湖南省 广西壮族自治区 福建省 河北省
语组决赛获奖名单 作品名称 Linking in English big big wｏｒld --- liaison 连读 Business Card 数字口译 历史遗留的“Dutch”短语 Thanksgiving Day 说唱FOB About Business Card How to write a business memo Figures Interpreting 数字口译 Check in a Hospital Translation of Chinese Dishes Learning idioms from Greek mythology “if虚拟条件句”真人秀 “不”能说的秘密 Chinese Traditional Festivals Thanksgiving Day In America Translation of Public Signs: Three Elementary Skills What makes a qualified air-hostess? Demonstration 英语语法系列 羊毛衫的英文标签设计 grammar series fｏｒ wｏｒkplace communication — indefinite pronouns tips fｏｒ section c of new pretco-b listening 微课系列视频：有趣的名片 如何用英语表达倍数 Company presentation 如何赞美别人和接受赞美 Making Introduction in Business Letters of Packing airpｏｒt entry inspection procedures Table Seating Arrangement 虚拟语气 Greet the Guest at the Restaurant 英语典故解析:the salt of the earth 信息情境再现 地道译文可得 How to describe trends job interview 工作面试 English Application Letter Chinese Traditional Festivals Translation of Chinese dishes 4-stroke Gasoline Engine Operating Principle Literal Translation（英语翻译中的直译） Chinese Tea Ceremony How to Do a Warm up in English Class How to Book a Hotel Room Online ｏｒdering food at a restaurant Let’s Sing A Song！ designing activities in wｏｒd teaching
学案
Breaking Through in English Listening ComprehensionTask1. Enjoy the following pop song (the first part):Paying attention to the linking sounds, the weak sounds, and the missing sounds, and tick them out.My love (sung by westlife)An empty street, an empty house, a hole inside my heart. I'm all alone and the rooms are getting smaller.I wonder how, I wonder why, I wonder where they are. The days we had, the songs we sang together Oh yeahAnd oh my love, I'm holding on forever, reaching for a love that seems so far. So I say a little prayer, And hope my dreams will take me there. Where the skies are blue, to see you once again, my love. Over seas and coast to coast, to find a place I love the most. Where the fields are green, to see you once again, My love.Task2.Dissccussion:What difficulties do we usually have in Listening Comprehension?1.2.3.Task3.Taste MNET (Listening Comprehension of Hunan Paper in 2011):Practice1. Conversation 2 : (5m30s)3. Which of the flowing is true about the man？A. He borrowed some money.B. He is caught in the traffic.C. He will meet his teacher.Supportive information:4. How is the man going home? A. By train B. By bus C. By taxiSupportive information:Practice2. Conversation 5: (11m30s)10. What is the woman?A. A dress designer.B. A basketball player.C. A headmaster.Supportive information:11. What do we know about the man’s travel plan?A. He’s going by air.B. He’s leaving for ParisC. He’s arriving this afternoon.Supportive information:12. Who is going to pick up the man?A. The woman’s son.B. The woman’s brother.C. The woman herselfSupportive information:Practice3.Essay Competition Instructions:(16m30s)Topic: My Ideal CityQuestions Examples or RequirementsLocation: Near the sea, 16. ______, or on an island17. ____: Depending on your own choiceFeatures: Mountains to make it 18. ______, or the fastest trains in the world19. ____: No less than three pointsPrize : A free trip to Europe for 20.______Task4. Consolidation practice:Material: (CNN Student News) -- April 15, 2013THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.CARL AZUZ, CNN ANCHOR: It`s Monday. I`m Carl Azuz. This is CNN STUDENT NEWS. We`re beginning the week by wrapping up a U.S. official`s trip overseas. U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry is on his way home after spending several days (1)____________. He visited South Korea, China and Japan, one topic that came up in all of those stops - North Korea. Of course, there`s been a lot of tension surrounding North Korea. The country`s threatened to launch missiles against the U.S. and South Korea.(2)_______________, North Korea threatened Japan, too. Secretary Kerry was in Japan yesterday. He talked about how the U.S. is approaching the situation.JOHN KERRY, U.S. SECRETARY OF STATE: This is very simple - that the United States will do what is necessary to defend our allies, Japan, Republic of Korea an the region against these provocations. But our choice is to negotiate, our choice is to move to the table and find a way for the region to (3)______________.AZUZ: You heard Secretary Kerry mention America`s allies, Japan and South Korea. North Korea doesn`t have many allies. The nation isolates itself from the rest of the world. It (4)_____________ one main ally - China. During this trip, Secretary Kerry met China`s new president, Xi Jinping, and other Chinese leaders. They all said they`d work together to urge North Korea not to provoke other countries. The Chinese officials said they are committed to (5)_________________________ in the region.Pure sentences selected from your listening materials:1.I hope the interview works out for you.2.They’ve put me up in a hotel downtown.st Friday a storm hit two villages destroying fourteen houses.4.Altogether over two hundred were left homeless as a result of the storm.5.It all depends on the traffic.6.Keep the change, please.7.They are already crossing off the days on the calendar.8.I rang to ask you something.9.If you break the law, you can be sent to prison or be fined or to be ordered to do community work such ascleaning public places and helping the old.10.Do give us a ring if you decide to.11.The engine seems to be brusted. It’s driving me crazy!12.I know Toyota is running a promotion.13.Hmm, sleeping on the job, Alex.14.I log on once a week, for about tow or three hours.15.Hi, Ben, we’re having a party tonight, wanna come and join us?16.I kind of want a break… you know… I need some space for myself.17.I know she is head over heels in love with you.18.The fine is＄50 plus ＄15 court costs.19.Why not stop by with him this morning?20.She had a heavy build, with long hair and was probably in her late 30’s.21.I don’t take baths or showers during a thunderstorm..22.No. Don’t put yourself out. I’ll drive over to your place at about seven.23.And it won’t be easy for us to afford the tuition if she can’t get a scholarship.24.Yes, to my mind, it’s quite normal for girls her age to be wrapped up in fashion and dating. But…25.Jane may be more committed than you realize.26.She can get a job, take classes at a community college or do an internship to get experience.27.Why don’t you report it to the Lost＆Found Desk at the hotel?28.What if no one finds it?29.Yes, I’ll take my time. And I’ll go to Disneyland.30.I’d like to change some travelers’ cheques into cash, please.31.----Could you tell me today’s rate of exchange? ----Of course. It is 1.62 dollars to the pound.32.---- How would you like it? ---- Oh, in fairly small notes.33.A human being is a kind of machine that wears out from lack of use.34.Only by joint efforts can we enjoy a warm relationship between teachers and students, and live a happy andharmonious life.35.I’ll go straight to his dorm.36.I don’t have to do the washing up, so that’s good.37.You have to show passion for the job.38.Is there enough space for a kitchen garden/39.I thought we might try to raise a cup of potatoes.40.Important as it is, college entrance examination is only one of the challenges we’ll have to face up tothroughout our lives.41.As is known to us, happiness in life and success in career won’t always belong to those who earn high marksin their schools.42.A: Haha, April Fool’s! Did you forget what day it is today? B: Wow, you were pulling our leg all along. I wasreally fooled.43.The trainers are also very cute, right ?44.Have you heard that our school’s drama club is going to take in new members?45.Terrific. That only happens once in a blue moon. Let’s go and sign up!46.Ok. This is your cubicle. Get yourself settled and then I’ll introduce you to some of the others.47.Human brains are far more complicated. Scientists say it could be years before they use the technology onhumans.48.However, in my country , jogging is the most popular sports.49.He is new here, you see.50.A: They are probably on their way at this very moment. Surely you could fit one more table in.51.B: Not unless you’d like me to put yours in the hall, sir.52.Hi, Alice, have you made any New Year’s wishes?53.Yes, but I finally made it to the clinic.54.Are you through with your meal?55.Well, I don’t have any cash with me. So I’ll have to put it on credit (card).56.I’m so glad the doctors helped him pull through.57.He has been arrested by the police for his drunk driving.58.He got away with a fine of 500 dollars.59.They were really easy on him.60.What’s wrong, Michael? Break it up!61.And then the guy grabbed her by the arm. I couldn’t bear it, so I stood up and …62.But, Michael, you know that moral problems can’t be solved by fists.e on, best friends always stick together.64.Well, can we switch to Channel Two?65.Well, you’d better start now; Christmas is only a fortnight away.66.I’m really tired of Christmas rush.67.I’ll call her reaching home.68.When I collected all the frogs and was about to go home I saw the bright lights from some police’s flashlights.69.Luckily, the inspector is an animal lover, too.70.I’m having a going-away party for him on Friday evening. I hope you can make it.71.I get a sharp pain here in my chest.72.You haven’t taken a knock there, have you?73.I asked our manager for a couple of hours off and he agreed that I should get some medical advice.74.Well, it sounds to my taste.75.What’s up, Nick.76.She was downtown on West Street this afternoon.77.Something important has just come up.78.My boss is insisting that I work a double shift today.79.Let’s plan on going bowling some other time.80.We can have brunch in a Chinese restaurant for a change.81.By the way, has Charlie photocopied my report yet?82.John is one of the many.83.I’ve been full-time for about six months.84.Secondly, interests and talents play a vital role in your success of career and happiness of life.85.What counts is to know yourself and follow what feels right.86.Maybe they should just allow people to walk their dogs in the streets.87.Couldn’t people clean up their dogs?88.Then you’d better send it by registered mail.89.I ran into Linda and we went to a pub.90.She suddenly saw an old lady on her hands and knees in the middle of the road.91.I am just coming to that.92.I haven’t the slightest idea.93.For one thing, blogs can provide a colorful platform to showcase their talent, and it is a way to release theirpressure, and all this makes it more and more popular with high school students.94.Only if we master those abilities can we make a successful blog.95.It is your attitude towards it that matters.96.80 dollars, plus the 10% room tax.97.80% of the students are against the practice of weekly tests for three main reasons.98.I’m looking forward to hearing your response.99.We should make the most of the software against viruses.100.Excuse me, madam! You are fined because you are traveling at 130 miles per hour on the road. You know anyone who overpasses the speed will be snapped. Here is the bill.。
英语连读(Linking)-教学
importance
Language development
English Linking is important for language development because it encourages students to think about the structure and function of the language they are learning. This active processing of language leads to a deeper understanding and retention of new vocabulary, grammar, and language patterns.
01
The definition and importance of English linking
CHAPTER
What is English Linking?
English Linking is a teaching method that emphasizes the connection between English language skills, especially reading and writing. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationships between words, phrases, and sentences in a text, and how these relationships contribute to meaning and coherence.
Why is connected reading important?
仁爱版英语ppt课件
Phonetic Alphabet Imitation
Students practice correct phonetic pronunciation by imitating the teacher's pronunciation.
Phonetic Comparison Exercise
Instrument feedback: Regular feedback from the instrument on student writing helps them identify areas for improvement and provide guidance on how to enhance their writing skills
Phonetic knowledge
02
Provide a detailed introduction to English phonetic symbols and their correct pronunciation, including the combination of vowels, consonants, and various phonetic symbols.
04
VS
This section demonstrates how to carry out a lifeboat drill, providing step by step instructions for effective emergency preparedness
Details
The lifeboat drill is explained in detail, including the necessary safety equipment, the correct procedures for boarding and exiting the lifeboat, and the importance of following the instructions
Linking in English
Linking in EnglishWhen we say a sentence in English, we join or "link" words to each other. Because of this linking, the words in a sentence do not always sound the same as when we say them individually. Linking is very important in English. If you recognize and use linking, two things will happen:1. you will understand other people more easily2. other people will understand you more easilyThere are basically two types of linking:∙ consonant > vowelWe link words ending with a consonant sound to words beginning with a vowel sound∙ vowel > vowelWe link words ending with a vowel sound to words beginning with a vowel sound Understanding Vowels & Consonants for Linking To understand linking, it is important to know the difference between vowel sounds and consonant sounds. Here is a table of English vowels and consonants:The table shows the letters that are vowels and consonants. But the important thing in linking is the sound , not the letter. Often the letter and the sound are the same, but not always.For example, the word "pay" ends with:∙the consonant letter "y" ∙ the vowel sound "a"Here are some more examples:Linking Consonant to VowelWhen a word ends in a consonant sound, we often move the consonant sound to the beginning of the next word if it starts with a vowel sound.For example, in the phrase "turn off":Remember that it's the sound that matters. In the next example, "have" ends with: ∙the letter "e" (vowel)∙the sound "v" (consonant)So we link "have" to the next word "a" which begins with a vowel sound:Linking Vowel to VowelWhen one word ends with a vowel sound and the next word begins with a vowel sound, we link the words with a sort of W or Y sound.round at the end of the first word, we insert a W sound:If our lips are wide at the end of the first word, we insert a Y sound:。
9. Liaison(Linking)
Liaison (Linking)Main aims of the lesson:To help students understand and produce not just individual sounds, but the string of phonemes which make up utterances.Contents of the lesson & PurposesConsonant + Vowel To understand the common type of C+V linking in rapid speech. Linking /r/To observe the rhotic vs. non-rhotic phenomena as well as /r/ linking the preceding vowel to a following one.Intrusive /r/To know how speakers with non-rhotic accent insert /r/ to join two adjacent vowels. Linking /j/To understand the natural process of inserting /j/ after /i:, / to ease the transition to a following vowel sound.Intrusive /w/To understand the natural process of inserting /w/ after // to to ease the transition to a following vowel sound.Work on linkingTo acquire natural and fluent speech through specially designed practice.Activities and Procedures1. To raise students’awareness that in English words within a sense group tend to link together to form naturalness and smoothness.2. Design some activities for focusing on linking.3. Study the characteristics of linking /r/, intrusive /r/, linking /j/ and linking /w/ in connected speech.4. Ask the students to listen to the tapes and imitate four types of linking in focus.5. Have the students listen to the conversations and attempt to gain a natural transition of two adjacent sounds.6. Have the students practise the guided conversation. Ask them to pay special attention to the linking in connected speech.7. Comment on the students’performance by highlighting the achievement of the students’and the efforts they need for the improvement.8. Ask the students to do more practice after class and get ready for presentation during the next session.Teaching Notes1. IntroductionLiaison means the linking of sounds or words.When we say a sentence in English, we join or “link”words to each other. Because of this linking, the words in a sentence do not always sound the same as when we say them individually. Linking is very important in English. If we recognize and use linking, two things will happen:1. we will understand other people more easily2. other people will understand us more easily However, this is not the case with Chinese. Failure to link them in the way the native speakers do is one of the problems of the Chinese students of English. We are apt to pronounce words as thoughthey were isolated or insert a glottal stop /ʔ/ before the word beginning with a vowel sound. For example, the sentence “This is an apple”is read as /dɪs ʔɪz ʔən ʔa pl/, instead of saying /dɪsɪzən a pl/.Understanding Vowels and Consonants for LinkingTo understand linking, it is important to know the difference between vowel sounds and consonant sounds. Here is a table of English vowels and consonants:vowels a e i o uconsonants b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y zThe table shows the letters that are vowels and consonants. But the important thing in linking is the sound, not the letter. Often the letter and the sound are the same, but not always.For example, the word “pay”ends with:the consonant letter “y”the vowel sound “a”Here are some more examples:though knowends with the letter h wends with the sound o ouniform honestbegins with the letter u hbegins with the sound y oIn English, words within a sense group tend to link together to form naturalness and smoothness. Basically, there are two types of linking in English: consonant + vowel and vowel + vowel.2. Consonant + VowelWe link words ending with a consonant sound to words beginning with a vowel sound. Namely, when a word ends in a consonant sound, we often move the consonant sound to the beginning of the next word if it starts with a vowel sound.For example, in the phrase “turn off”:We write it like this: turn offWe say it like this: tur noffRemember that it’s the sound that matters. In the next example, “have”ends with:–the letter “e”(vowel)–the sound “v”(consonant)So we link “have”to the next word “a”which begins with a vowel sound:We write it like this: Can I have a bit of egg?We say it like this: Ca-nI-ha-va-bi-to-fegg?In the type of consonant + vowel linking, the voiceless plosives are normally perceived less aspiration. For example:keep on pick it up not at all think it over first of all look at itA dialogue:A: Put the light off.B: I need it on. I’ve a lot of reading to do.A: read it downstairs. I couldn’t sleep with the light on.B: You’d better get under the bedclothes.A: Have you got a torch?B: I think I’ll go outside.3. Linking /r/The most common liaison phenomena involve /r/ appearing in non-rhotic speech inpost-vocalic contexts. A rhotic speaker will pronounce words like far as /fɑːr/, whereas a non-rhotic speaker does not pronounce /r/ at all unless followed by a vowel. E.g.Non-rhotic Rhotic[fɑː] [fɑːr] far[pɔːt] [pɔːr t] port[stɜː] [stɜːr] stir[stɜːrɪŋ] [stɜːrɪŋ] stirring[r aɪt] [r aɪt] rightFor rhotic speakers this is just because far has an /r/ in it, but for non-rhotic speakers it appears because the first word ends with a vowel and the second word begins with a vowel –the /r/ links the two words together. In such cases, [r] forms a syllable with the following vowel in connected speech and therefore occurs in a syllable onset –such syllabification across word boundaries is a general feature of connected speech in English. The [r] occurring in this context is usually referred to as Linking R, for the simple fact that there is <r> inthe spelling. “In historical terms, these originate in most instances from the loss ofrhyme-/r/ and are therefore often associated with r-spellings”(Giegerich: 65).For speakers of non-rhotic accents /r/ is not pronounced after vowels. However, in these accents, when words that are spelled ending with an <r> or an <re> come before a word beginning with a vowel, the /r/ is usually pronounced. This is linking /r/. In rhotic accents the /r/ is also pronounced when the words are in isolation so cannot be termed linking. Examples:Far away fɑːəweɪ> fɑːrəweɪMore ice mɔːraɪs > mɔːr aɪsMore examples:after all better off for instance more or less far and wide as a matter of fact here and there a clever escape a number of4. Intrusive /r/Intrusive /r/ also involves the pronunciation of an /r/ sound, but this time there is no justification from the spelling as the word’s spelling does not end in <r> or <re>. Again this relates to non-rhotic accents; rhotic accents do not have intrusive r. Like Linking /r/ Intrusive /r/ is found in word-final position in phrases such as law /r/ and order [lɔːr ənd ɔːdə], the idea /r/ of it, spa /r/ is (Carr: 124; Cruttenden, 2001: 288), in which [r] is inserted after the set of non-high vowels [ə, ɑː, ɔː]. The idea of it d i aɪdɪəəv ɪt > d i aɪdɪər əv ɪtThus, link a final /ə/ or even /ɑː, ɔː/ to an initial vowel in the same sense group by inserting an r-sound even if there is no r in the spelling. The /r/ added in this way is known as Intrusive /r/. E.g. a banana or an appleAsia and AfricaChina and Indialaw and orderpapa and mama5. Linking /j/ & /w/When one word ends with a vowel sound and the next word begins with a vowel sound, native speakers often link the words with a semi-vowel [w] or [j] sound. If our lips are round at the end of the first word, we insert a [w] sound:We write it like this: too often who is so I do allWe say it like this: too w often who w is so w I do w allIf our lips are wide at the end of the first word, we insert a [j] sound:We write it like this: I j am Kay j is the j end she j askedWe say it like this: I j am Kay j is the j end she j askedRelated to vowel liaison (also known as hiatus) is epenthesis of [j] or [w] glide betweentwo vowel phonemes.5.1 [j]-glideWhen a word ends in /i:/, or a diphthong which finishes with / /, speakers often introduce /j/ to ease the transition to a following vowel sound:[j] is inserted after high front vowels /iː, ɪ, eɪ, aɪ, ɔɪ/, for instance, seeing [siːʲɪŋ], my arms[maɪʲɑːmz], day in and day out [deɪʲɪn ən deɪʲaʊt ];5.2 [w]-glide[w] is inserted after high back vowels /uː, əʊ, aʊ/, such as doing [dʊːʷɪŋ], how old [haʊʷəʊld], go out [gəʊʷaʊt] (Cruttenden: 288 and Giegerich: 282).The insertion of glides [j, w] occurs because they are the least marked epenthetic consonants in hiatus position. In other words, glides are generally considered to have the same featural make-up as vowels, i.e. they agree in both backness and roundness with the preceding vowel, such that [w] occurs after [uː, ʊ] and [j] occurs after [iː, ɪ] Moreover, this apportioning of the vowel space is based on the fact that vowels which trigger [r]-insertion never trigger [j]-insertion or [w]-insertion. Each glide has its own domain, although the domains exempt all lax front and lax high vowels, which never occur word-finally in English.If you learn to do this, your English will sound smooth and natural.6. Practice4.1 Consonant + VowelThank you. / come in / come over / full up / above all / stand up / Good evening.Good afternoon. / if only / such a man / six o’clock / some of you / some oil /one of us /both of them / all of us / worth it / as always / good idea / read it again / an egg / an end /in an hour / an hour and half / inAugust / in an instant / a bottle of ink / a bowl of rice /a box of chocolate /Note: The voiceless plosives /p/, /t/, and /k/ acquire less aspiration, as in the following:it is / stop it / keep on / a cup of tea / first of all / not at all / take it off / take it along / take it away / take it out / put it off / pick it up / work out / think of it /speak English / look at it /leave it alone / let him in / best of all / back in a minute / look it up /Alice is out.That’s a good suggestion.Is the boss in?The boss is always out.It would be more than I can arrange.I won an apple. Did you win anything?It isn’t attractive, is it?My watch is ready. Will you fetch it for me?I gave all my parties from five until seven. Arrive at five exactly, please.Come along home if you like.Are you taking anything along, Alfred?Sing us an English song, please.If we stop and watch it, I’m afraid we’ll be late.4.2 Vowel + Vowel[j]-glideI am / he is / she is / I ought to / in the end / my uncle / three hours / B. E. A. / any other / try it / try again / very interesting / highly important / day in and day out / hurry up / see off / stay up / we agree / May I? /How are you? Busy as ever?Shall we agree?He is already very old.May I ask how much it is?I hurt my arm playing volleyball.The answer to the question is on page fifty-eight.It’s not necessary for you to stay up all night.I’ve been waiting for you for three hours.You’re already a bit late.[w]-glideyou are / go out / go on / go away / too often / too easy / throw away / no objection /no end / who else / to ask you / how old /How old are you?Who else saw it?I didn’t go out yesterday.Try to do it yourself.What are going to eat for lunch?Do I have to do every question?See you again, I hope.So it all depends on whether or not he returns.4.3 r-linkinglinking [r]Take care of yourself.Here it is.There is a pair of glasses on the desk.She has been away from her own country for a long time.Bear in mind that the last bus leaves at eight.I’m not sure of going.There is a hill far away.You’d better get everything settled before it’s too late.Poor old Tom, he never finds time to buy himself a jacket.Never again in my life shall I make such a silly mistake!intrusive [r]have no idea of it / china and glass / drama and music / Asia and Africa / India and Pakistan /the sofa over there / area of agreement / soda and milk / law and order / awe-inspiring /Is Papa in? Mamma is there.4.4 Mark the word boundaries where linking is likely to occur, and then read the passage aloud.The ManWho EscapedEdward Coke used to be an army officer, but he is in prison now. Every day isexactly the same for him. It is winter now and Coke and all the other men get up at six when it is still cold and dark. They have breakfast at six thirty. Work begins at seven thirty. Some ofthe men work in the prison factory where they make mailbags, but Coke often works in the fields outside. The men have lunch at twelve. Lunch lasts an hour and then the men go back towork again. Dinner is at six. Coke usually goes to the prison library after dinnerand reads until nine-thirty. The lights go out at ten. The day is long, hard and boring and every man has a lot of time to think. They usually think about why they are there. Coke does. He always thinks about two men. One of the men is called Eric Masters. He used to be an army officer, just like Coke. Coke knows that Masters has a lot of money now. The second man’s name is Hugo. That’s all Coke knows about him. Masters knows where and who Hugo is, but Coke doesn’t. Every night Coke lies in bed and thinks about Eric Masters and Hugo. There is another thing he thinks about, too. Escaping. He wants to escape and find Masters, and then the other man. Coke is in prison for something he didn’t do.。
英语连读(Linking)-教学
• come on • stand up
• join us • take exercise
2021/3/27
CHENLI
4
Dictations No.1
Fill the blanks with right phrases.
• 1. Abby and I brush our teeth every day.
• 2. Sophia will neverput it off until tomorrow what she can do today.
• 3.Zoe is not at all who she was. • 4. The news made Angela jump out of her skin.
2021/3/27
CHENLI
12
You try.
• Blue is my favorite color. • Tie it down. • You should know a little more about
it.
• Mr. Magee is very nice. • Joe and Tom are good friends. • Gray and blue are my favorite colors. • May is a good time of year.
2021/3/27
CHENLI
9
Rules of Linking No.4
vowel—Vowel
• When a word’s last sound is vowel and the following word begins with a vowel you link them with the “j” or the “w” sound.
bbc英语连读教程
bbc英语连读教程《BBC英语连读教程》一、连读的英语释义（Definition）Linking in English is the smooth connection of words when speaking. It occurs when the final sound of one word blends with the initial sound of the next word. This makes speech more fluent and natural.二、短语（Phrases）1. “for example” [fɔːr ɪɡˈzɑːmpl]- 用法：用于引出例子，可放在句首、句中或句末。
- 双语例句：There are many fruits I like, for example, apples and bananas.（有很多我喜欢的水果，例如，苹果和香蕉。
）2. “a lot of” [ə lɒt ɒv]- 用法：后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，表示“许多”。
- 双语例句：A lot of students like playing football.（许多学生喜欢踢足球。
）3. “in front of” [ɪn frʌnt ɒv]- 用法：表示在物体外部的前面。
- 双语例句：There is a tree in front of my house.（我家前面有一棵树。
）4. “look at” [lʊk æt]- 用法：后接看的对象，表示“看……”。
- 双语例句：Look at the beautiful picture.（看这幅美丽的画。
）5. “go on” [ɡəʊɒn]- 用法：有“继续”的意思，可以表示继续做某事或者持续某种状态。
- 双语例句：Let's go on with our work.（让我们继续我们的工作。
）6. e in” [kʌm ɪn]- 用法：表示进入某个空间。
英语连读举例
英语连读举例English is a language that is often characterized by its fluidity and natural flow of speech. One of the key features that contributes to this fluidity is the phenomenon of connected speech, where individual words are blended together to create a more seamless and natural-sounding utterance. In this essay, we will explore several examples of English connected speech and examine how they help to shape the rhythm and cadence of the language.One of the most common examples of connected speech in English is the phenomenon of linking. Linking occurs when a word ending in a consonant sound is followed by a word beginning with a vowel sound. In these cases, the final consonant sound of the first word is often "linked" to the beginning of the second word, creating a smooth transition between the two words. For instance, the phrase "the apple" would be pronounced as "thee-apple," with the "th" sound of "the" blending into the "a" sound of "apple." Similarly, the phrase "I am" would be pronounced as "I-yam," with the "m" sound of "am" merging with the "a" sound of the following word.Another common form of connected speech in English is elision, which occurs when a sound is omitted or reduced in the flow of speech. This is particularly common with certain grammatical words, such as "have," "has," and "is." For example, the phrase "I have a car" might be pronounced as "I-ha-a-car," with the "v" sound of "have" being elided. Similarly, the phrase "she is going" might be pronounced as "she-goin'," with the "s" sound of "is" being omitted.A third example of connected speech in English is assimilation, which occurs when a sound is modified to more closely match the sound of a neighboring sound. This is particularly common with certain consonant sounds, such as "t" and "d." For instance, the phrase "good boy" might be pronounced as "goo-boy," with the "d" sound of "good" being assimilated into the "b" sound of "boy." Similarly, the phrase "next year" might be pronounced as "nex-year," with the "t" sound of "next" being assimilated into the "y" sound of "year."Another common form of connected speech in English is reduction, where a sound or syllable is shortened or eliminated entirely. This is particularly common with certain grammatical words, such as "to," "of," and "from." For example, the phrase "I want to go" might be pronounced as "I-wanna-go," with the "to" being reduced to a "schwa" sound. Similarly, the phrase "a cup of tea" might be pronounced as "a-cup-a-tea," with the "of" being reduced to a "schwa" sound.Finally, one of the most dramatic examples of connected speech in English is the phenomenon of weak forms. Weak forms occur when certain grammatical words, such as "the," "a," "and," and "to," are pronounced with a reduced vowel sound (typically a "schwa") rather than their full vowel sound. For instance, the word "the" might be pronounced as "thuh" rather than "thee," and the word "to" might be pronounced as "tuh" rather than "too." This use of weak forms helps to create a more natural and fluid rhythm to English speech, as the reduced vowel sounds allow the speaker to move more quickly between words.Overall, these examples of connected speech in English demonstrate the richness and complexity of the language's phonological system. By blending and modifying sounds, speakers are able to create a more natural and flowing style of speech that is often more efficient and expressive than a more formal, "textbook" style of pronunciation. Understanding these phenomena can be particularly important for non-native speakers of English, as mastering the nuances of connected speech can help to improve their fluency and intelligibility in the language.。
英语连读(Linking)-教学
And then she asks me, "Do you feel all right?"
And I say, "Yes, I feel wonderful tonight."
I feel wonderful because I see the
in your eyes.
And the
of it all is that you just don't realize
You try.
• Blue is my favorite color. • Tie it down. • You should know a little more about it. • Mr. Magee is very nice. • Joe and Tom are good friends. • Gray and blue are my favorite colors. • May is a good time of year.
my( j )arm Say( j ) it toe(w) it blue(w) is
The lips
• If the lips are wide at the end of a word we use the “j” sound.
Kay is = Kay( j )is I am = I( j )am the end = the( j )end she asked = she( j )asked
The lips
• If the lips are on a rounded vowel sound, use the “w” sound to link.
too often = too(w)often who is = who(w)is so I = so(w)I do all = do(w)all
写英语作文的连接词
写英语作文的连接词Certainly! Here are some useful English linking words and phrases that can help you connect ideas effectively in your English composition:1. Addition:Additionally。
Moreover。
Furthermore。
In addition。
Also。
Besides。
Likewise。
Similarly。
Not only... but also。
2. Contrast:However。
Nevertheless。
On the other hand。
Conversely。
Although。
While。
Yet。
Despite (this)。
In contrast。
3. Cause and Effect: Therefore。
Thus。
Consequently。
As a result。
Hence。
Because。
Since。
Due to。
Owing to。
4. Example:For example。
For instance。
Such as。
Namely。
5. Emphasis:Indeed。
In fact。
Particularly。
Especially。
Above all。
6. Sequence/Order:Firstly, secondly, thirdly, etc. Next。
Then。
Afterwards。
Subsequently。
Finally。
In conclusion。
7. Similarity:Likewise。
Similarly。
Correspondingly。
Equally。
8. Clarification:That is to say。
In other words。
To clarify。
To explain further。
发音的连读弱读同化
1. LinkingLinking in English oral speech1)Go through the following phrases and find out therules of linking in oral English•Give it up, a cup of tea, take a look at it, half an hour, put it on•Over it, a pair of shoes, for us, there are, father and mother, for it, for ever•All of it, tell us, tall and thin, all over, as well as, •Game over, come on, some other, none of, even if, an hour•Thank you. Nice to meet you, did you, would you •I am, do it, so I, he is, three hours, study English, go away, go out, throw it2)Spot linking in the audio clipThe story goes that two friends who were walking through the desert. During some the journey, they had , and one friend slapped in the face. The one who got slapped was hurt, but without saying anything, he :"TODAY MY BEST FRIEND SLAPPED ME IN THE FACE" They kept on walking, until they found an oasis, where they decided to take a bath. The one who had been slapped got stuck in the mire and started drowning, but her friend saved him. After she recovered from the near drowning, she wrote on a stone:"TODAY MY BEST FRIEND SAVED MY LIFE"The friend, who had slapped and saved his best friend, asked her, "After I hurt you, you wrote in the sand, and now, you write on a stone, why?"The other friend replied: "When someone hurts us, we should write it down in sand, where winds of forgiveness can erase it, but when someone does something good for us, we mus t engrave it in stone, where no winds can ever erase it."LEARN TO WRITE YOUR HURTS IN THE SAND AND TO CARVE YOUR BLESSINGS IN STONE.some point of an argument the other wrote in the sand with his finger2. Weak vowels1）weak vowels in words•Two-syllable WordsApril enter restful escape release deny•Multiple-syllable WordsPhotograph Religion education eradicate entertain competition•Some words have a vowel sound that's completelyeliminated.chocolate restaurant temperature family natural several separate•When a word ends with ary, ully or ally, the a or uvowel is often dropped.finally accidentally powerfully elementary•Vowel reductions occur in the little wordsam, are, is, or, and, but, as, nor, of, to, for, from, your, you are, have, has, there, he, him, her, me, us, them, don’t, doesn’t, some, such, can, could, must, should,have to, if, till, who, that2) Try to read the following patterns1、Are you…….? [ əjə] Am I…….?[ mai ] Are they……? [ əðei ] Is he…….? [ zi ]Is she……? [ iʃi ] Is it……? [ zit ]2、What is he……? [ wədizi ] What is she….? [ wədiʃi ]What am I….?[ wədəmai ] What are you….? [ wədəjə ]What is it…..? [ wədizit ] When is he….? [ wənzi ] When is she….? [ wəniʃi ] Where is he….? [ wərizi ]3、Is this…..? [ zis ] [ zðis ] Is that….? [ zət ]Is it….? [ zit ] Is there….? [ zə ] [ zər ] [ zðə ] [ zðər ]4、Have you…..? [ vjə] Have I…….? [ vai ]Have they….? [ vðei ]Have there….? [ vðə] [ vðər ]Has he….? [ zi ] Has there…? [ zðə ] [ zðər ]5、Do I…..? [ dəwai ] Do you….? [ dju ] [ djə] Do they….? [ dəðei ]Do we….? [ dəwi ] Does he….? [ t –si ] Does she…? [ tʃi ] [ dəʃi ]6、What do you…….? [ wədjə ] [ wədəjə ] [ wətʃə ]What are you….? [wədjə] [wədəjə] [wətʃə] What you……..? [ wətʃə ]7、Don't you…..? [ dəutʃə] [ dəunt ʃə] Don't they….? [ dəuðei ] [ dəunðei ]Doesn't he….? [ dəzəni ] Doesn't she…..? [ dəzənʃi ]8、Will you…..? [ wiljə] [ wijə ] Will he……? [ wili ]Will she…..? [ wilʃi ] [ wi ʃi ] Will it….? [ wilit ]9、Was I……? [ wəzai ] Was he…..? [ wəzi ]Was that…? [ wəzət ] [ wəzðət ] Was there….?[ wəzə ] [ wəzðə ] [ wəzðər ]10、Were you……? [ wəjə ] [ wərjə ] Were we……？[ wəwi ] [ wərwi ]Were there…..? [ wəðə] [ wərðər ] Was there……? [ wəzə ] [ wəzðər ]11、Did I……? [ dai ] Did we…..? [ diwi ] Did you…? [ dV ə ] [ dVu ]Did they….？[ diðei ] Did he…..？[ di ] Did she…..？[ t ʃi ]12、must have [ məstə] [ məstəv ] may have [ meijə ] [ meijə ]might have [ maitə] [ maitəv ] could have [ kədə ] [ kədəv ]3. AssimilationWords blur at their boundaries or within the word itself. ‘that game’ becomes ‘thak game’ and ‘ten per cent’ becomes ‘tem per cent’.1. / t / changes to / p / before / m / / b / or / p /basket maker，best man, pocket money，coconut butter，put back，flight plan2. /d / changes to / b / before / m / / b / or / p /bad pain, blood bank, good morning, blood bath,gold plate, good man3. / t / changes to / k / before / k / or /g/short cut, credit card, fat girl, first class, that cake, flat cap4. / d / changes to / g / before / k / or / gbad girl, bird call, hard copy, cold cream, field glasses, red carpet, good cook, sand castle•The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t)now.•The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people. •This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.•The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.•It was the bes(t) museum a(t) tha(t) time.5. / n / changes to / m / before / m / / b / or / p /action planning, iron man, on me, brown paper, con man, pen pal, Foreign minister, sun bath6. / n / changes to /ŋ/ before / k / or / g /action group, open court, common good, roman calendar, roman catholic, golden goose7. / s / changes to /ʃ/ before /ʃ/ or / j / followed by a rounded vowel sound,bus shelter, nice yacht, dress shop, space shuttle, nice shoes,8. / z / changes to /ʒ/ before /ʃ/ or / j / followed by a rounded vowel soundcheese shop, where's yours, rose show, these sheep,9. /s/-/z/ /ts/-/dz/ /∫/-/з/ /t∫/-/dз/ /θ/-/s/bath salts, earth science, bath seat, birth certificate, both sexes, who is that, both sides10. /v/ + consonantGive me, give her, give them,。
《高职公共英语》liaison连读课程教案
《高职公共英语》liaison连读课程教案Step 1 What is liaison?在英语的学习过程中，一定要注意英语发音的连读和爆破音现象，掌握了它了规律，对我们在发音和英语听力方面都会有很大的帮助。
在连贯地说话或朗读时,在同一个意群(即短语或从句)中,如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,就要自然地将辅音和元音相拼,构成一个音节,这就是连读。
连读时的音节一般不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可以加音,也不可以读得太重。
如:not at all这个短语。
连读时听起来就像是一个单词。
注意:连读只发生在句子中的同一个意群中。
在两个意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音和元音出现,也不可连读。
如:Please take a look at it.这个句子中take a look at it是同一个意群,那么take与a可连读,look与at可连读,at与it可连读。
在There is a book in it.一句中book与in往往不连读,因为book与in分别在两个不同的意群中。
连读中有一个是元音结尾与元音开头这属于加音节情况。
如果你注意美国人说话，你会发现，要从你听到的一连串声音里面挑出某个词来近乎是不可能的。
因为他们在说话的时候，词汇常常整个地连贯在一起。
比如说，本来一个单词一个单词地拼读，我们发现词汇里面没有r的发音，或者没有某个音节的发音，但是在整个句子连贯说出来的时候，这样的现象就产生了，尤其是两个元音相邻的时候。
除了r是最常用的连续音节以外，w和j常常用来接两个元音。
例如：area(r)of literaturedrama(r)and musicthe idea(r)of itlaw(r)and order打不出音标的字体所以用（）代表所加的音节Step 2 When can liaison be used?相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。
连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过，不可读得太重，也不可音。
英语连读发音规则 汇总
英语连读发音规则汇总XXXLiaison occurs when two words are XXX "~"。
XXX usually not stressed。
and XXX without being too heavy or light.1.XXXWhen two words in the same phrase have a XXX。
the two XXX.For example:I'm an English boy.It's an old book.Let me have a look at it.XXX office XXX.I called you half an hour ago.Put it on。
please.Not at all.Please pick it up.2."XXX" LiaisonIf the first word ends with "r" or "re" and the second word begins with a vowel。
the "r" or "re" should be pronounced as /r/ and linked with the following vowel.For example:They're XXX.I looked for it here and there.XXX it.XXX.Here XXX.Here are four eggs.But where is my cup?Where are your brother and sister?However。
if both syllables have an "r" sound。
even if the second word begins with a vowel。
英语作文 连词
英语作文连词Title: The Power of Connective Words in English Writing。
Connective words, also known as conjunctions, play a crucial role in English writing by linking ideas, sentences, and paragraphs to create coherence and flow. They serve as the glue that holds the various parts of a composition together, enabling smooth transitions and logical progression of thought. In this essay, we will explore the significance of connective words and how they contribute to effective communication in English writing.To begin with, connective words facilitate clarity and comprehension by signaling relationships between different parts of a text. For example, coordinating conjunctionssuch as "and," "but," and "or" are used to join similar elements or ideas, indicating addition, contrast, or choice. Subordinating conjunctions like "although," "because," and "while" establish dependent relationships between clauses, showing cause and effect, contrast, or condition. By usingthese connective words appropriately, writers can guide readers through their arguments or narratives, ensuringthat each point flows logically from the previous one.Moreover, connective words contribute to the coherence of a text by creating cohesion between sentences and paragraphs. Transitional words and phrases like "however," "therefore," and "in addition" help to connect ideas within and between paragraphs, maintaining a smooth progression of thought. Without such connective devices, writing would appear disjointed and fragmented, making it difficult for readers to follow the author's train of thought. Thus, connective words serve as signposts that guide readers through the structure of a composition, enhancing its overall coherence and readability.Furthermore, connective words enable writers to vary sentence structures and rhythm, adding richness and complexity to their prose. By employing a diverse range of conjunctions and transitional expressions, writers can create a dynamic and engaging writing style that captures the reader's attention. For instance, alternating betweenshort, simple sentences and longer, compound-complex sentences can create a sense of rhythm and momentum,drawing the reader deeper into the text. Additionally,using connective words judiciously can help writers toavoid repetitive or monotonous patterns, keeping their writing fresh and engaging.In addition to their stylistic benefits, connective words also serve a strategic function in argumentative and persuasive writing. By using connective words effectively, writers can construct coherent and compelling argumentsthat persuade readers to accept their point of view. For example, using concession conjunctions like "although" or "while" allows writers to acknowledge opposing viewpoints before presenting their own arguments, therebydemonstrating fairness and credibility. Similarly, using causative conjunctions like "because" or "since" helps writers to provide evidence and reasoning to support their claims, strengthening the persuasiveness of their arguments.In conclusion, connective words are essential tools for effective communication in English writing. By linkingideas, sentences, and paragraphs, connective words create coherence, clarity, and cohesion in a text, enabling smooth transitions and logical progression of thought. Moreover, connective words contribute to the stylistic richness and rhetorical effectiveness of a composition, allowing writers to engage and persuade their readers more effectively. Therefore, writers should pay careful attention to the use of connective words in their writing, recognizing their power to enhance both the structure and impact of their compositions.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2) Linking a vowel sound to a vowel sound
When a spoken word ends with a vowel sound and the next word begins with another vowel sound we often link these two words together. However, unlike linking a consonant sound to a vowel sound, in this situation we do not …move‟ sounds but rather we add a sound to achieve the linking. V owel sounds can be linked in three different ways.
1) If our lips are small and round at the end of the first word then we insert a /w/ sound to link the two vowel sounds together.
We write like this: However we say like this:
too often too-w-often /tu:w f☯n/
who is who-w-is /hu: wiz/
so I so-w-I /s☯◆w♋♓/
do all do-w-all /du: w l/
2) If our lips are wide at the end of the first word like when we smile, we insert a /j/ sound to link these two vowel sounds together.
We write like this: However we say it like this:
I am I-j-am /♋♓ j ✌m/
He is He-j-is /hi: j iz/
The end The-j-end / i: j end/
She asked She-j-asked /☞i: j ✌skt/
3) If our lips are round and open loosely at the end of the first word then we insert a /r/ sound to link the two vowel sounds together.
We write like this: However we say it like this:
Her aunt Her-/r/-aunt
For example For-/r/-example
Four o‟clock Four-/r/-o‟clock
Where is he? Where-/r/-is he?
When we link vowels sounds to vowels sounds we …glide‟ over. He added sound (/w/,/j/ or /r/). We do not stress them, we lightly pronounce them and as with linking consonant sounds to vowel sounds there are no pauses.
3) Linking a consonant sound to a consonant sound
When a spoken word ends in a consonant sound and the following word begins in another consonant sound sometimes it is possible to link the two words together. It is not always possible to do this as there are many consonant sound combinations which cannot be pronounced. However there are some combinations which can be pronounced. Below is a list of combinations that can be linked and therefore pronounced together.
P+( ……) ( w, l, r, j ) + ( ……)
Two consonant sounds are linked in the same way as consonant and vowel sounds, that is, by moving a sound rather than adding one. We take the final consonant sound of the first word and …move‟ it next to the first consonant sound of the second word and pronounce them together. The best example is: Thank you. No one says, “Thank you.”
k ju: We say, “Thank-k-you. ”
The /k/ is pronounced next to the /j/ and there is no pause between the two words. Move examples + conclusion.
Linking Examples
Read it.
It is a good idea. One apple. Where will he go? Ask him.
Two apples.
How are you? How old are you? Three apples.
We are tired.
The other day. Her aunt.
Four apples. Here it is.
I saw it.
China is great. Talk to her.
Can you see him? You are his friend. Last year.
Don‟t you know? And you? I need (want) your help. Can I help you?
I miss (love) you
My heart will go on. Thank you.
Look carefully.
I like cake.
Bad dog.
A big cake.
I love fish.。