英语写作基础第1-2章参考课件2

俚语、方言词以及一些没有受过良好教育的人常 用的词
2 Choice of Words 选词
A.general and specific words 一般词汇和具体词汇
⑴Comparatively speaking, some words are more general or more specific meaning than others.
⑵When we describe or explain thing, or when we give details, we should try to use specific or concrete words.
(make things clear, exact, vivid and striking, for they are more informative and impressive than general words)信息量大些，表达力强些
Using specific words should go along with providing details, and then there will be effective and impressive writing.
⑶When we summarize or generalize, we may use general or abstract words.
大多数习语用于非正式或口语化文体，谈话时可用； 但少数是俚语，应慎用。
②many idioms have become cliches and are no longer fresh or interesting, and should be used sparingly.
很多习语由于用得太多而不再新鲜有趣，因而以少用 为宜。
Chapter 2 Using Proper Words
1 Types of words词的类型
⑴formal and technical words正式的词
（learned words, or literary words or “big” words学 术型的词、文雅的词或“大”词
在日常生活中，除非为了特殊的目的，否则很少用这 类词。主要用于正式文体，如学术性或理论性著作， 政治和法律文件，以及正式的演讲或报告
同义词在文体层次、强调的程度、感情色彩、语气 和搭配上总会有点差别。
Some synonyms have different collocations: they are habitually with certain words.
搭配不同，和不同的词连用。
⑶注意：
①be against taking the Chinese equivalent of an English word as its exact meaning, or understanding the meaning of an English word from its Chinese equivalent.
原义即原来的意思，如词典中所注明的
Its connotation is the feeling or idea suggested by it.
涵义是词所暗含的感情或想法。
⑵synonyms may be different in stylistic level, in the degree of emphasis, in emotional coloring, in tone, and in collocation.
B. Idioms习语（idiomatic expressions）
⑴An idiom is a fixed group of words with a special meaning which is different from the meaning of the words that form it.
in black and white白纸黑字，书面的，印刷的
⑦sayings俗语，格语
One man’s meat is another man’s poison.对某人有 利的，对另外的人未必有利。
⑶使用要注意
①most idioms are informal or colloquial in style and can be used in conversation, but a few are slang and should be used with care.
e.g. read a book
(not an idiom, for the meaning of the phrase is the meaning of the three words put together, and “a book ”can be replaced by other words like “a newspaper” or “a novel”)
不应当把一个英语词的中文译法看作它的确切意思， 或者通过中文译法来了解英语词汇。
②English words that may be translated into the same Chinese expression are not necessarily synonyms.
有些英语词可以译为相同的中文词，但并不是同义词。
like a fish out of water如鱼离水，不适当 ③介词+n. in kind以货代款 ④v. + n. kill two birds with one stone一箭双雕 ⑤as…as as easy as pie极容易 as poor as a church mouse赤贫的 ⑥pair of words wear and tear磨损，折损
C. Collocation搭配
D. Synonyms同义词
⑴the meaning of words词义
two aspects: denotative and connotative
原义
涵义
A word’s denotation is what it literally means, as defined by the dictionary.
read between the lines
(The four words that form the phrase give no hint as to what it means and none of the words can be changed to form another understandable phrase.) ⑵常见习语 ①动词短语 put up with忍受 look forward to期待 ②n. +介词 +n. the apple of one’s eye珍爱物，宝贝
⑵common words一般的词
可用于任何种类的文章
⑶ colloquial words口语词
主要用于非正式、随便的谈话，很少出现在正式文 章中。
在文学作品中，它们会被用来记述人们的想法和谈 话
很少用于式文章
Nonstandard Words非正规或不标准的词汇
Eg. slang, jargon, dialectal and obsolete words