Chap01-IM-BSAFC5

Solutions to End-of-Section and Chapter Review Problems 79CHAPTER 11.1 The types of beverages sold yield categorical or “qualitative” responses because they havevalues that can only be placed into categories.1.2 Three sizes of soft drink are classified into distinct categories—small, medium, and large—inwhich order is implied.1.3 The time it takes to download an MP3 file from the Internet yields numerical or“quantitative” responses because it has values that represent quantities.discrete1.4 (a) numerical,continuous(b) numerical,(c) categorical(d) categoricalcontinuous1.5 (a) numerical,discretenumerical,(b)categorical(c)categorical(d)1.6 (a) categoricalnumerical,continuous(b)discretenumerical,(c)discretenumerical,(d)continuous*1.7 (a) numerical,categorical(b)categorical(c)numerical,discrete(d)*Some researchers consider money as a discrete numerical variable because it can be“counted.”1.8 (a) numerical, continuous *numerical,discrete(b)numerical,continuous(c)nominalcategorical,(d)*Some researchers consider money as a discrete numerical variable because it can be“counted.”1.9 (a) The population is “all working women from the metropolitan area. A systematic orrandom sample could be taken of women from the metropolitan area. The directormight wish to collect both numerical and categorical data.(b) Three categorical questions might be occupation, marital status, type of clothing.Numerical questions might be age, average monthly hours shopping for clothing,income.1.10 A population contains all the items of interest whereas a sample contains only a portion of theitems in the population.80 Chapter 1: Introduction and Data Collection1.11 A statistic is a summary measure describing a sample whereas a parameter is a summarymeasure describing an entire population.1.12 Descriptive statistical methods deal with the collection, presentation, summarization, andanalysis of data whereas inferential statistical methods deal with decisions arising from theprojection of sample information to the characteristics of a population.1.13 Categorical random variables yield categorical responses, such as yes or no answers.Numerical random variables yield numerical responses such as your height in inches.1.14 Discrete random variables produce numerical responses that arise from a counting process.Continuous random variables produce numerical responses that arise from a measuringprocess.1.15 An operational definition is a universally accepted meaning that is clear to all associated withan analysis. Without an operational definition, confusion can occur.Answers for 1.16 through 1.19 provided below are just some of the many different possible answers.1.16 Microsoft Excel could be used to perform various statistical computations that were possibleonly with a slide-rule or hand-held calculator in the old days.1.17 The answers to this question vary day-to-day according to the top analyses of a particularday.1.18 The answers to this question depend on which data set is being selected.1.19 (a) The answer to the question: “What is the sex of Owner 1?” is a categorical variable.(b) The answer to the question: “What was Owner 1’s age as of December 31, 2002?” isa numerical variable.(c) Age measured in number of years is a discrete variable.1.20 (a) The population of interest was all the people living in the United States, and age 18and older when the interviews were performed.(b) The sample consisted of the 1,102 people that were interviewed.(c) A parameter of interest can be the proportion of people living in the United States,age 18 and older during March 6-9, 2008 who have made major changes in theirshopping and living habits over the last five years to help protect the environment.(d) The statistic used to describe the parameter in (c) was the 28% of respondents whohad made major changes in their shopping and living habits over the last five years tohelp protect the environment.1.21 (a) The population of interest was the collection of all business students at NorthernKentucky University when the study was conducted.(b) The sample consisted of the 96 students that were involved in the study.(c) class: categorical; age: numerical; gender: categorical; major: categorical1.22 (a) Population: U.S. cat ownersdiscrete(b) (1) categorical (3)numerical,categorical(2)categorical (4)Solutions to End-of-Section and Chapter Review Problems 81 1.23 (a) Categorical variables: gender, class, major, grad school, employment status,satisfaction advisement.(b) Numerical variables: age, height, GPA, expected salary, annual salary in 5 years,number of affiliations spending.(c) Discrete numerical variables: age (in years), height( in inches), expected salary (inthousands of dollars), annual salary in 5 years (in thousands of dollars), number ofaffiliations, satisfaction advisement.1.24 (a) Categorical variables: gender, major, undergrad specialization, employment status,satisfaction advisement.(b) Numerical variables: age, height, graduate GPA, undergrad GPA, GMAT, number ofjobs, expected salary, anticipated salary in 5 years, spending.(c) Discrete numerical variables: age (in years), height (in inches), GMAT, number ofjobs, expected salary (in thousands of dollars), anticipated salary in 5 years (inthousands of dollars), spending (in dollars).。