(myself)Dominant American Cultural Pattern
高中英语第三册(全一册)Unit 10 American LiteraturePeriod 3 Le
高中英语第三册(全一册)Unit 10 American LiteraturePeriod 3Let’s studyPart 1 Sample Teaching PlansGoals◆Talk about American literature◆Practise predicting and describing what a story might be about◆Review all the verb tenses◆Write a book reviewPeriod 3 Let’s study!(Review all the verb tenses)GoalsReview the verb tensesProceduresStep 1: Doing exercises.To begin with, please do the word study exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 86.Step 2: Reviewing all the verb tensesSimple PresentThe artist paints the portrait. (Active)The portrait is painted by the artist. (Passive)Present ContinuousThe artist is painting the portrait. (Active)The portrait is being painted by the artist. (Passive)Simple PastThe artist painted the portrait. (Active)The portrait was painted by the artist. (Passive)Past ContinuousThe artist was painting the portrait. (Active)The portrait was being painted by the artist. (Passive)Present PerfectThe artist has painted the portrait. (Active)The portrait has been painted by the artist. (Passive)Past PerfectThe artist had painted the portrait. (Active)The portrait had been painted by the artist. (Passive)Simple FutureThe artist will paint the portrait. (Active)The portrait will be painted by the artist. (Passive)Step 3: Doing grammar exercisesTo end the period, turn to page 87 and do the exercises 1 and 2.。
关于美国文化的英语作文
关于美国文化的英语作文American culture is a complex tapestry woven from the threads of countless traditions, histories, and influences. It is a culture that has been shaped by the melting pot of immigrants who have sought a new life on its shores, as well as the indigenous cultures that have existed for millennia. In this essay, we will delve into the various aspects of American culture, from its democratic values to its artistic expressions, and from its technological advancements to its social dynamics.Democratic Ideals and the American DreamAt the heart of American culture lies the concept of democracy and the belief in the American Dream. The United States was founded on principles of freedom, equality, and the pursuit of happiness. These ideals have been enshrined in documents such as the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. The American Dream, the idea that anyone can achieve success through hard work, remains a powerfulcultural force, inspiring innovation and ambition.The Melting Pot of Ethnicities and TraditionsThe United States is often referred to as a "melting pot" because of its diverse population. People from all over the world have immigrated to the U.S., bringing with them their languages, religions, and customs. This diversity iscelebrated in various cultural events and festivals that take place throughout the year, such as St. Patrick's Day, Cincode Mayo, and Chinese New Year.The Arts and Entertainment IndustryAmerican culture has a significant impact on the global arts and entertainment scene. Hollywood is synonymous with thefilm industry, and the Oscars are one of the most prestigious awards in cinema. Similarly, American music genres such as jazz, blues, rock 'n' roll, and hip-hop have influenced music worldwide. Broadway musicals and the country music scene are also integral parts of the American cultural landscape.Technological Innovation and EntrepreneurshipThe United States is a hub for technological innovation and entrepreneurship. Silicon Valley, located in California, is home to many of the world's largest technology companies and startups. This spirit of innovation is a key part of American culture, with a strong emphasis on the development of new technologies and the pursuit of scientific knowledge.Sporting TraditionsSports play a central role in American culture, with football, basketball, and baseball being among the most popular.College sports are a significant part of campus life and community identity. The Super Bowl, the championship game of the National Football League (NFL), is an annual culturalevent that draws millions of viewers and is considered morethan just a game.Social Issues and Cultural ShiftsAmerican culture is not without its challenges. The country has a history of social issues, including racial inequality and gender discrimination. However, these issues have also been a catalyst for cultural change and progress. The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and the ongoing discussions about gender identity and LGBTQ+ rights are examples of how American culture evolves in response to social issues.ConclusionIn conclusion, American culture is a dynamic and multifaceted entity that continues to evolve and influence the world. It is characterized by its democratic principles, cultural diversity, artistic expressions, technological advancements, and sporting traditions. As the United States continues to grow and change, so too will its culture, reflecting the aspirations and values of its people.。
2012英语真题
Section 1 Use of EninglishMillions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American mil itary adventurism, but that‘s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II an d the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a voluntee r soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。
His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,J oe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has10) had a president or vicepresident or secretar y of state Joe。
跨文化交际期末复习
跨文化交际期末复习判断1 the iceberg model of culture implies that it is very difficult to understand a culture thoroughly文化的冰山模式意味着要彻底理解文化是非常困难的。
（ T ）2 culture is innate as soon as a person is born一个人出生就有文化（ F ）3 people may sometimes get confused about his or her cultural identity人们有时会对他或她的文化身份感到困惑。
（ T ）4 scholars prefer the term subculture to co-culture in describing a culture which exists witnin a dominant culture在描述一种存在显性文化的文化时,学者们倾向于亚文化到共同文化。
（ F ）5 a person could be a member of several different subgroups at the same time一个人可以同时成为几个不同的子组的成员。
（ T ）6 Intracultural communication occurs when the sender and the receiver from different races exchang messages文化的交流是发生在不同种族交换消息的发送者和接收者（ F ）7 communication and culture are inseparable and strongly connected沟通与文化密不可分，紧密相连。
（ T ）8 The sender must choose certain words or nonverbal to send an intentional message.this activity is called decoding 发送者必须选择言语或非言语的发出故意这活动被称为解码（ F ）9 The process of communication has ninecomponents :sender,encoding,message,chann el,noise,decoding,feedback,and context通信过程由九部分组成：发送方、编码、消息、信道、噪声、解码、反馈和上下文。
高中英语Unit10 American literature文章 美国文化 American Culture人教版第三册
American CultureThe US claims to be the greatest success story of the modern world - a nation fashioned from an incredibly disparate population who, with little in common apart from a desire to choose their own paths to wealth or heaven, rallied around the ennobling ideals of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence to forge the richest, most inventive and most powerful country on earth.Despite polemicists who justly cite the destruction of Native American cultures, racism and imperialism at the top of a long list of wrongdoings, half the world remains in love with the idea of America. This is, after all, the country that introduced the world to the right to the pursuit of happiness, free speech, electric light, airplanes, assembly-line automobiles, the space shuttle, computers, blues, jazz, rock & roll and movies that climax at the high-school prom.On a short trip, it can be hard work dismantling your preconceptions. So much of the country has been filmed, photographed, painted and written about that you need to peel back layers of representation to stop it from looking like a stage setting. This worldwide representation can make the country seem strangely familiar when you first encounter novelties like 24-hour shopping, bottomless cups of coffee, 'Have a nice day,' drive-thru banks, TV evangelists, cheap gasoline and newspapers tossed onto lawns. But you'd be foolish to read too much into this surface familiarity, since you only have to watch Oprah for half an hour to realize that the rituals and currents of American life are as complex, seductive and bewildering as the most alien of cultures.Come prepared to explore the USA's unique brand of 'foreignness' rather than stay in the comfort zone of the familiar. You'll discover several of the world's most exciting cities, some truly mind-blowing landscapes, a strong sense of regionalism, a trenchant mythology, more history than the country gives itself credit for and, arguably, some of the most approachable natives in the world.Since the September 11, 2001 attacks on the New York's World Trade Center and the Pentagon in Washington, DC, followed with a highly publicized spate of anthrax-laced mailings that exposed government workers, media personnel and mail carriers to the deadly disease, the entire USA has been on a heightened state of alert. Add to this rampant rumors of repercussions for the bombing of Afghanistan, and you're dealing with one nervous country.While your chances of falling victim to shady terrorist plots are probably pretty slim (though you never know; perhaps packing that lucky penny isn't such a silly idea), you are very likely to experience a variety of potentially annoying security protocols, particularly surrounding airline travel. Make sure all your identification and other documents are up-to-date, confirm reservations and bag-checking procedures ahead of time, and arrive at the airport at least an hour before your flight departs.No matter what form of transportation you're using to navigate the USA, however, it behooves the careful traveler to keep an eye on current events during these very interesting times.CultureGive me your tired, your poor/Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,' reads the inscription on the Statue of Liberty. And the world did, fueling the dynamism of America with waves of ambitious immigrants from everydowntrodden corner of the globe. Immigration is one of the defining characteristics of America's national identity, though calling the US a 'nation of immigrants' neatly sidesteps Native Americans (already here) and African American slaves (brought against their will).In the past 30 years, the old notion of America as a melting pot - a stew in which immigrants' individual differences are lost in uniformity - has given way to the salad-bowl model, in which the individual pieces still retain their flavor while contributing to the whole.Americans are constitutionally guaranteed freedom of worship; dominant faiths include Protestantism, Catholicism and Judaism, among others. There are plenty of indigenous faiths as well, such as Christian Scientists, Jehovah's Witnesses and Mormons.American English encompasses a multitude of regional accents of differing degrees of intelligibility. Spanish has effective dual-language status in parts of southern California, New Mexico, Texas and Miami. There are 400,000 speakers of Native American dialects.Modern American culture is a juicy burger of mass culture garnished with 15 minutes of fame. It owes as much to marketing savvy, communications technology and mass-production techniques as it does to artists and entertainers. If you can name it, American companies have invented, packaged and disseminated it to as many consumers as cheaply and conveniently as possible.The elusive concept of 'American-ness' is often defined by cinema and television. The advent of TV in the 1950s shook Hollywood's hegemony to its core, but both forms of media have managed to coexist, even operating synergistically. The global distribution of American movies and TV shows hasshaped the world's perception of the country to a high, if not completely accurate, degree.The American music industry is the world's most powerful and pervasive, though groundswell movements remain the driving force of American pop. African Americans' influence, including blues, jazz and hip-hop, can hardly be exaggerated.Rap, America's inner-city sound, places an equal emphasis on an ultraheavy beat, sound montage, street cred and macho posturing. Its appeal to middle-class white America will no doubt bemuse sociologists for decades.The US has churned out a veritable forest of literature. The illustrious lineup begins with Walt Whitman, Herman Melville, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Emily Dickinson, Henry James and Edith Wharton, and moves into the modern era with William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway, Scott Fitzgerald, John Steinbeck, Jack 'Backpack' Kerouac, Arthur Miller, both the Williamses, Saul Bellow, John Updike and Toni Morisson..After WWII, the focus of the international art world shifted from Paris to New York. Artists leaving war-torn Europe brought the remnants of surrealism to the Big Apple, inspiring a group of young American painters to create the first distinct American painting style, abstract expressionism.The relentless ascendancy of mass media gave birth to pop art. Slick, surface-oriented and purposely banal paintings like Andy Warhol's Campbell's Soup Cans are now American icons.When we think of US cities, we think of skyscrapers, those architectural testaments to market forces and American optimism. Chicago isa living museum of high-rise development. New York boasts its fair share of stunners too. Despite increasing homogenization, rural America retains its idiosyncrasies, and distinctive vernacular architectural styles persist in New England (clapboard), California (Spanish Mission) and New Mexico (adobe).American sports developed separately from the rest of the world and, consequently, homegrown games such as baseball, football and basketball dominate the sports scene. Soccer and ice hockey are runners-up to the Big Three. Urban America also invented the great indoors: aerobics and the gym, indoor skiing and rock-climbing - examples of what can go wrong when too much disposable income hits up against too little leisure time.。
跨文化交际考试英语
Culture(from intellectual perspective)从知性角度定义文化：作为整体的人类智力成就的艺术和其他表现Culture(from anthropologic perspective)从人类学角度定义文化：文化有清晰和模糊的行为模式构成，这些模式通过符号获得并传播，这些符号有人类群体的特别成就构成，包括具体的人工制品。
文化的基本核心由传统思想和与其相关的价值观构成。
Culture(from psychological perspective)从心理学角度定义文化：文化是使一个人类群体成员区别于其他人类群体的思维的总体规划。
Culture(from sociological perspective)从社会学角度定义文化：文化是一种可习得的，基于群体的认知模式——包括言语与非言语符号，态度，价值观，信仰和非信仰系统以及行为。
Culture(from intercultural communication perspective)从跨文化交际学角度定义文化：文化是个人和群体在种族发展过程中所获得的知识，经验，信仰，价值观，行为，态度，阶级，宗教，时间观，角色，空间观和艺术品的集合。
Culture Identity文化身份：认为自己归属于某一文化或民族群体的感觉。
Subculture亚文化：指存在于主流文化中的文化，其划分通常基于经济地位，社会阶层，民族，种族或地理区域。
Co-culture共文化——指具有独特的交际特征，感知特点，价值观，信仰和行为，区别于其他群体，社团以及主流文化的群体或社团。
Subgroup亚群体——相对于亚文化和共文化群体，亚群体通常规模不大，也不一定有文化群体时代相传积累的价值观念和行为模式。
Chapter 2 Communication and Intercultural CommunicationSource信息发出者/信息源：指传递信息的人信息：只引起信息接受者反应的任何信号。
美国文化英语作文
美国文化英语作文American Culture。
American culture is a rich and diverse tapestry thathas been shaped by a variety of influences over the centuries. From its indigenous roots to the waves of immigration that have occurred throughout history, American culture is a melting pot of traditions, beliefs, and values.One of the defining characteristics of American culture is its emphasis on individualism and personal freedom. The United States was founded on the principles of liberty and equality, and these ideals continue to shape the American identity. Americans value their independence and have a strong belief in the rights and freedoms of the individual. This can be seen in the American dream, the belief that anyone can achieve success and prosperity through hard work and determination.Another important aspect of American culture is itsdiversity. The United States is a nation of immigrants, and this diversity is reflected in its people, cuisine, and traditions. From Italian pizza to Mexican tacos, American cuisine is a fusion of flavors from around the world. Likewise, American music, art, and literature draw inspiration from a wide range of cultural influences.Religion also plays a significant role in American culture. While the United States is known for its separation of church and state, religion continues to be an important part of many Americans' lives. Christianity is the dominant religion, but there is also a significant presence of other faiths, including Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism. Religious freedom is a fundamental right in the United States, and Americans are free to practice their religion without fear of persecution.Sports are another integral part of American culture. From baseball to basketball, American sports have a dedicated following and are a source of national pride. Super Bowl Sunday, the championship game of American football, is one of the most-watched television events ofthe year. Sports not only bring communities together butalso serve as a source of entertainment and a way to stay active and healthy.American culture is also known for its consumerism and materialism. The United States is a consumer-driven society, with a strong emphasis on buying and owning material possessions. This is reflected in the popularity ofshopping malls, the prevalence of advertising, and the importance placed on brands and status symbols.In conclusion, American culture is a complex anddiverse tapestry that is shaped by a variety of influences. From its emphasis on individualism and personal freedom to its rich cultural heritage, American culture is areflection of the nation's history and values. Whether itis through its diverse cuisine, religious freedom, love for sports, or consumer-driven society, American culture continues to evolve and shape the national identity.。
跨文化交际4
I. Dominant American Cultural Patterns
The dominant culture in America is that part of the
population that controls and dominates the major institutions, determines the flow and content of information, it is white, male, and of European heritage.
Secondary relationships: friendships
Equal friendships among co-workers,
neighbors, students and teachers, even the kind between common people and IPs can be seen in the United States. But inequality still exits in the U.S., such as wealth and income, and many others we have mentioned above.
2. Try to visualize each culture’s response to a
specific pattern as a point on a continuum rather than one of only two possible responses.
People everywhere posses the same values to
5. There are literally hundreds of cultural
跨文化英语判断
判断对错Text 1:(对）The iceberg model of culture implies that it is very difficult to understand a culture thoroughly.文化的冰山模型意味着要彻底理解一种文化是非常困难的。
(错）Culture is innate as soon as a person is born.人一出生，文化就是与生俱来的。
(对）People may sometimes get confused about his or her cultural identity.人们有时会对自己的文化身份感到困惑。
(错）Scholars prefer the term subculture to co-culture in describing a culture which exists within a dominant culture.在描述存在于主导文化中的文化时，学者们更喜欢亚文化这个术语而不是共文化。
(对）A person could be a member of several different subgroups at the same time.一个人可以同时是几个不同子组的成员。
Text 2:(错）Intracultural communication occurs when the sender and the receiver exchanging messages are from different races.文化内交流是指信息的传递者和接受者来自不同的种族。
(对）Communication and culture are inseparable and strongly connected.交流与文化是密不可分的。
(错）The sender must choose certain words or nonverbal methods to send an intentional message. This activity is called decoding.发送者必须选择特定的词语或非语言方式来传递有意的信息。
新视野大学英语3unit4课文原文及翻译five famous symbols of american culture
19世纪70年代中期，法国艺术家弗里德里克?奥古斯特?巴托尔迪正在设计一个大项目，名为“自由照耀世界”。
这是一座庆祝美国独立和美法联盟的纪念碑。
与此同时，他爱上了一位他在加拿大认识的女子。
他母亲不赞成自己的儿子和一个她没有见过的女子恋爱，然而巴托尔迪不为所动，和心中所爱于1876年结为伉俪。
同年，巴托尔迪组装完雕像的右臂和火炬，并将它们陈列在费城。
据说，他用了妻子的手臂为模本，但觉得她的脸太漂亮，不适合做雕像模本。
他需要这样一个女人：面容沧桑却不失坚定，庄重多于美丽。
他选择了自己的母亲。
1886年，自由女神像在纽约湾北部落成。
雕像综合了他母亲的脸和他妻子的身材，不过巴托尔迪称之为“我的女儿，自由之神”。
芭比娃娃在现今销售的各式各样的芭比娃娃之前，原本部门只有一种芭比娃娃。
实际上，她的名字叫芭芭拉。
芭芭拉*汉德勒是马特尔玩具公司的联合创始人艾略特和鲁思?汉德勒夫妇的女儿。
鲁思是在见到女儿玩纸娃娃之后才想到做芭比娃娃的。
芭比娃娃的三维模特是一个德国洋娃娃，一个哄成年人开心的礼物，被描绘成具有“风尘女子”的模样。
马特尔公司将这个娃娃做了一番改造，变成了体面而地道的美国版本，尽管胸围有些夸张。
它以当时10多岁的少女芭芭拉的名字命名。
自从1959年面世，芭比娃娃就成了全球公认的“娃娃女王”。
马特尔公司说，一般的美国女孩拥有10个芭比娃娃，全球每秒钟就有两个芭比娃娃售出。
如今芭芭拉已有60多岁了，她拒绝接受采访，但据说她非常喜欢芭比娃娃。
她可能是当今世上最著名的不为人知的人物了。
1961年，芭比娃娃的男朋友面世，按芭芭拉的弟弟肯的名字命名。
真正的肯于1994年去世。
他对令自己全家名扬天下的娃娃极为厌恶。
他在1993年说：“我可不想让我的孩子玩这洋娃娃。
”《美国哥特人》1930年，格兰特?伍德因其画作《美国哥特人》一举成名。
此画体现了美国农民庄严的自豪，常常被人复制。
画面展示了一位神色严肃的男子和一位女子站立在农舍之前。
襄垣一中高二英语期中考试模拟题答案 (1)
襄垣一中高二英语期中考试模拟题答案 (1)法”。
what 在此引导表语从句。
37. C。
本文谈论的就是中国人与美国人在餐桌上的礼仪问题，故此处应选 Americans。
38. B。
根据上面的 Honesty is the best policy 可知，此处说的是“但是在一些国家谦虚也许是比诚实更重要的”。
39. A。
本文谈论的是习惯问题，故用 customs。
habits 说的是个人习惯，不符合语境。
40. C。
由 but 可知此处说的是如果你到美国，就最好“入乡随俗”，亦即按美国的风俗做.语法填空：41. The 42. who/that 43. presented 44. warmly 45. withanother 47. saying 48. it 49. sweeter 50. When 短文改错：this前加and 或者this改为whichin改为onwe改为usto watch 删去tosuch改为sohave改为hasimproving改为improvedBeside改为Besidesit和good中间加atimes改为time参考范文：April 8 Monday FineRecently we had a class meeting on the topic of My Chinese Dream. Inspired by President Xi’s Chinese Dream, everyone talked enthusiastically about his understanding of the Chinese Dream. We all believe that this dream will come true in the future. I also talked about my own dream. I have always wanted to be a doctor. Not only can doctors save people’s lives but also they are doing a respectable job. Doctors can also help people to live a better life with their professional knowledge. To realize my dream, I must try to work hard from now on. I must learn as much as I can so that I can get into a good medical college, where I can prepare myself adequately for the job of a doctor. Only in this way can I accomplish my goal.。
【精品】高中英语(人教大纲)第三册：Unit22 American literature(第一课时)
Unit 10 American literatureⅠ.Brief Statements Based on the UnitMost of us have heard of some world-famous writers such as Mark Twain,Jack London,Ernest Hemingway.Some of their works are well-known in the world.The topic of this unit is about American literature.Warming up gets students to know what a poem describes and what it means.In speaking,students are asked to talk about some American writers and their works Pre-reading and Post-reading get students to practise how to predict a story and how to describe a story.Reading tells us a love story written by American writer O.Henry.As for integrating skills,teacher should not only train the students’ reading ability,but also help them learn to write a book review.In the aspect of Language Study,teacher trains Students’ ability to use some key words and phrases.Teacher also helps students to review all the verb tenses.Listening helps students learn to grasp the detailed information of the club activities that some students organise.Ⅱ.Teaching Goals1.Talk about American literature.2.Practise predicting and describing what a story might be about.3.Review all the verb tenses.4.Write a book review.Ⅲ.Background Information1.Alex HaleyAlex Haley was born in the northeast of New York in 1921,but he spent most of his early life with his mother’s family in southern Tennessee.His grandmother told him stories about their family.Their history,she said,began with Toby.He was a slave from Africa and his name was Kunta.Alex Haley went to school and then to college.In 1939,he joined the US coastguard.As he was a Black,his job was to wait on tables and washed dishes.In his spare time,he learned to write stories.He served in the coastguard for 20 years.After he retired he put all his time into writing.Alex Haley remembered the stories his grandmother had told him.He began to study his family story:After a lot of research,Haley decided that Toby probably was Kunta Kinte for the West African Mandingo people.Kunta Kinte was caught near the village of Juffure on the Gambia River.He was sold as a slave in Annapolis,Maryland in 1707.Then Haley made a trip to Gambia and talked with a history expert in Juffure.The Africa historian made his conclusion stronger.Alex Haley wanted to tell experiences of the Black people in 18th-and-19th century America.He spent 10 years researching and writing his family story for the book Roots.It was published in 1976.It was a special “Pulitzer Prize”.A few years later,a film series based on Haley’s book was shown on American television.2.Mark TwainSamuel Langhorne Clemens (pen name Mark Twain) was born on November 30,1835 in Florida,Missouri.Twain is considered the greatest humorist of the 19th century American literature.His novels and stories about the Mississippi River:The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(《汤姆·索亚历险记》)（1876）and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》)(1894) are still popular with modern readers.In 1839 the Clemens family moved to Hannibal,Missouri,on the Mississippi River whereyoung Sam experienced the excitement and colorful sights of the waterfront.Like many authors of his day he had little formal education.His education came from the print shops and newspaper offices where he worked as a youth.In 1853 Clemens left Hannibal with a yearning(渴望) to travel.On a trip to New Orleans he persuaded a riverboat pilot to teach him his skill.By the spring of 1859 Clemens was a licensed riverboat pilot.At the outbreak of the American Civil War (1861) Clemens chose not to get involved and moved to Carson City,Nevada.After an unsuccessful attempt at gold and silver mining he joined the staff of a newspaper in Virginia City,Nevada.He first wrote under the pen name “Mark Twain” (meaning “two fathoms(英寻)”in riverboat-talk) in 1836.“Twain” wrote his first popular story,The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County(《卡拉维拉县有名的跳蛙》)in 1865.He continued to travel as a correspondent for various newspapers,and in 1869 his travel letters from Europe were collected into the popular book,The Innocents Abroad（《傻子国外旅行记》）.Encouraged by his success Twain married Olivia Langdon and settled down in Hartford,Connecticut to his most productive years as a writer.Between 1873 and 1889 he wrote seven novels including his Mississippi River books as well as The Prince and the Pauper （《王子和贫儿》）（1882）.As Twain’s life and career progressed he became increasingly pessimistic(悲观的)，losing much of the humorous,cocky(趾高气扬的) tone of his earlier years.More and more of his works experssed the gloomy(忧伤的；沮丧的) view that all human motives(动机) are ultimately selfish.Even so Twain is best remembered as a humorist who used his sharp wit and comic exaggeration to attack the false pride and self-importance he saw in humanity.Ⅳ.Teaching Time:Five periodsThe First PeriodTeaching Aims:1.Learn and master the following words:garbage,maid,prince,outcome2.Do some listening.3.Do some speaking to talk about American literature.Teaching Important Points:1.Improve the students’ listening ability.2.Improve the students’ speaking ability by discussion,talks and so on.Teaching Difficult Points:1.How to improve the students’ listening ability.2.How to finish the task of speaking.Teaching Methods:1.Listening-and-answering activty to help the students go through with the listening material.2.Individual work and group work to make every student work in class.Teaching Aids:1.a tape recorder2.a computer for multimedia useTeaching Procedures:Step Ⅰ GreetingsGreet the whole class as usual.Step Ⅱ Warming up and Lead-inT:Do you like reading stories and novels?Ss:Yes.T:I think most of you are fond of literature.I think you must be familiar with Chinese literature.But are you interested in American literature?Perhaps some of you have a hobby of reading novels or other works written by foreign writers.Now let’s read the text written by Rudley Randall.(Bb:Rudley Randall) After you read it,I’ll ask you to answer some questions.(Teacher gives students a few minutes to read the text,then teacher shows the questions on the screen.)1.What kind of text is the one you have just read?2.What is it about and what does it mean?3.Can you tell something about the writer?4.Why does this have to be American literature?Could it be written by a poet from another country?5.Think about the history and life in the United States.What special themes and sort of stories would you expect for American literature?T:Who’d like to answer the first question?S1:I think it’s a poem.T:Quite right.Now the second one,please.S2:It’s about American blacks,I think.In the poem,the author expresses his deep feelings for his ancestor,though he is a slave.The poem reminds us not to forget where we come from.T:Your answer sounds reasonable.Who is the volunteer to answer the third question?S3:I’ve learnt something about him.He was an American poet.He was born in Washington D.C.in 1914.He was the founder and chief editor of a publishing house in Detroit.He was the major publisher for the poetry of American blacks.The Burning City was one of his poetry selections.(Bb:The Burning City)T:Very good.Now the fourth question.Who’d like to answer it?S4:The poem talks about “Slave traders”.That has something to do with American Blacks.As we know,American blacks are mostly slaves taken from Africa by slave traders.In the text,the author is in praise of their ancestors,who were slaves.From the content of the text,we can guess it must be American literature and it can’t be written by a poet from another country.T:You did very well.Now how about the last question?S5:We all know that America is a country which contains people from different parts of the world.So American literature has a wide variety of styles.But from the history of America,we can guess the important themes in its literature are Native Americans,Pioneers,Slavery and the Civil War,etc.T:Your answer sounds reasonable.Step Ⅲ ListeningT:Next,let’s do some listening.Before listening to the tape,I’d like you to answer some questions.Please look at the screen.1.Are you a member of any club or taking part in activities that help you practise your English?2.Did you ever go to a Speaking Corner?What were your experiences?3.What other clubs or activities could you think of to practise English in a way that makes fun? (Teacher gives students a while to prepare.)T:Wang Lin,would you please answer the first question?S6:Yes.I’m a member of English Corner,which is a club for us to practise English.I often take partin the activities in it.I think it is very helpful for my spoken English.T:No wonder your spoken English is so good.Now,Li Xiang,did you ever go to a Speaking Corner?What were your experiences?S7:I’m sorry.I seldom go there.I only went there several times last week because I couldn’t understand others when they speak everything in English.T:I advise y ou to go to Speaking Corner more often.There is a famous saying,“Practice makes perfect.” If you often go there,I’m sure you can improve your listening ability and you can also speak fluent English.Do you think so?S7:I see.I’ll try to go there more often this term.T:Now,the third question.Any volunteers to answer it?S8:I think we can practise English in other activities such as English Summer Camp,English Speech Contest,English Short Play Contest,English Debate Contest.T:Your ideas sound very good.Now I’ll play the tape for you.After listening to the tape,you are asked to answer the questions on the screen.You’d better read them first.(Show the questions on the screen.)1.What activity are Ben,Ann and Lily organising?2.Why is this activity successful,while a Speaking Corner was not?Give two reasons.3.What are the advantages of their club activities according to Ann,Ben and Lily?(Teacher plays the tape for the first time for students to get the general idea.Then teacher plays the tape again so that students can get the detailed information.For some details,teacher may pause and play the tape more times until students can understand them well.After that,teacher asks some students to give their answers.Meanwhile,teacher may correct the mistakes if there are any.)Step Ⅳ SpeakingT:Have you ever heard of a famous American writer named Mark Twain?(Show a picture of Mark Twain on the screen.)Can you say something about him?s9:OK.Mark Twain was born in the early 19th century.His real name was Samu el Clemens.“Mark Twain” was his pen name.He is well-known in the world as a humorist,a frontier and a philosopher.His famous works include The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,Life on the Mississippi,Jumping Frog and so on.(Bb:Mark Twain,The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,Life on the Mississippi,Jumping Frog)T:Perhaps you’ve heard about other American writers and their works.Now look at the screen and match the writers with their works.(Teacher writes the following on the blackboard and then asks a student to come to the blackboard.)Writers1.Alex Haley2.Thomas Jefferson3.Harriet Beecher Stowe4.Henry Wordsworth Longfellow5.Ernest Hemingway6.Jack LondonWorksa.The Slave’s Dreamb.Sea Wolfc.Uncle Tom’s Cabind.The Declaration of Independencee.Rootsf:The Old Man and the SeaSuggested answers:1.e 2.d 3.c 4.a 5.f 6.bT:The major themes in the literature of a country reflect important events or periods in the history of that country.Therefore,important themes in American literature are Native Americans,Pioneers and the Civil War,and the relations between America and Europe.Now choose one theme and discuss what type of story you would like to read.You can use the questions on the screen to help you.(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)1.What would be an interesting story?2.What would be an exciting plot?3.What characters would likely appear in it?4.What would the characters be like?5.Where would the story take place?6.When would the story take place?7.Would you like to read a story or a novel?8.Do you want to read for pleasure or for school?(Teacher asks students to work in pairs and lets them have discussions.A few minutes later,teacher asks students to present the outcome of their discussion to the class.)T:Are you ready?Ss:Yes.T:OK.I’ll ask some students to present the outcome of your discussion to the class.Wang Bin,will you please try?S10:I’m glad to.I like to read both stories and novels.I read stories for school and novels for pleasure.I think an interesting story should have an exciting plot.As we know,a plot is a plan or outline of the events in the story of a play or novel.Only when a story has an exciting plot can it attract readers.For example,I’ve read some works of Mark Twain.“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” is one of them.It describes a boy named Tom Sawyer,who lives with his younger brother aid and Aunt Polly in a remote town on the banks of the Mississippi River.Sid is a “model” boy.He is obedient,demure and sneaky.But Tom is quite the opposite of his brother.He disobeyes the cruel and unjust teacher,Mr Dobbins and is busy with outside matters at the lessons.One night Tom Sawyer,together with his friend Huck Finn,has an adventure and finally becomes rich.T:Well done!Now,Zhang Li,you,please.S11:I’d like to....Step Ⅴ Summary and HomeworkT:In this period we’ve talked about something about American literature.We have known more about American writers and their works.We’ve also done some listening.After class,remember all the new words we learnt in this class and preview the next three parts:Pre-reading Reading and Post-reading.OK.So much for today.Class is over.Step Ⅵ The Design of the Writing on theBlackboardUnit 10American literatureThe First PeriodDudley Randall The Burning City Mark Twain Works⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧Frog Jumping i Mississipp on theLife Sawyer T orm of dventures A T he Step Ⅶ Record after Teaching________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。
高中英语第三册(全一册)Unit 10 American Literature 重难点讲练(词汇学习
高中英语第三册(全一册)Unit 10 American Literature 重难点讲练(词汇学习)重难点讲练Part 3 Language study and practice（一）词汇学习1.furnishvt. to equip with what is needed, especially to provide furniture for布置家具;配备家具The room was completely furnished. 房间里有舒适的家具。
The room was furnished with the simplest necessities, a bed, a chair, and a table. 房间里只布置了最简单的必需品,一张床、一把椅子和一张桌子。
The new guest hotel’s finished，but it’s not yet furnished.新的招待所已建成,但家具还没有布置好。
2.shabbyadj. (1). showing signs of wear and tear; threadbare or worn-out 肮脏破旧的, 破烂不堪的a shabby old hat 破旧的帽子(2). wearing threadbare clothing衣衫褴褛的,寒酸的 a shabby old man 一位衣衫褴褛的(3). despicable; mean低劣的, 卑鄙的, 不公平的What a shabby trick, driving off and leaving me to walk home!多卑劣的恶作剧, 把车开走了让我走路回家。
3.possessionn. (1). [C] something possessed or property拥有物，财产He lost all his possessions in the big fire. 在那场大火中他失去了所有的财产。
关于描写美国文化的英语作文_英语作文范文
关于描写美国文化的英语作文关于描写美国文化的英语范文The main content of American culture is the emphasize on individuals' value, the pursue of democracy and freedom, the promotion of deploitation(开拓, 经营) and competition and the need of realistic and practicality. Its core is individualism: self first, personal need first, pursue of individual benefit and enjoyment, emphasize on achieving individual value by self-strive and self-design. This type of intentionally build up of personality and pursue customized individualism has its pros and cons, it gives incentives to people and make them exert on their potential and wisdom and as a result accelerate the development of the entire race and nation; on the other hand it is difficult to keep good relationship among people if everyone is egocentric thus make the entire society lack of unity.American citizens emphasize on achievements and respect heroes. They have great sense in their hearts to praise succeand heroes. Personal achievements are one of those with the highest value in Americans mind. Americans have very strong senses of success. Succeis the pursuit of most Americans, it is their attractive future and the incentives for moving forward. They believe that one's personal value is equivalent to his achievements in his career. Some high achievers in their career such as entrepreneurs, scientists, artists and all kinds of super starts became modern heroes. The proceand result of how they strived have become the frame of reference of social culture value and the real life text book for parents to educate their children.。
《美国哥特人》
—A Famous Symbols of
American Culture
It is one of the most
famous paintings in American art, and one of the few images to reach the status of universally recognised cultural icon, comparable to Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa and Edvard Munch's The Scream.
I agree
• But some art critics
accused the painting is "insulting cartoons of ordinary rural people “.
• Another reading is that
I disagree
BACK
Grant Wood
Typography
•Blackletter or Gothic script •Sans-serif or Gothic typefaces
Medieval culture
• • Gothic art, a Medieval art movement Gothic architecture
This just is American Gothic
•Grant Wood liked to paint faces
Grant Wood, American Gothic (1930) Art Institute of Chicago
came from a cottage designed in the Gothic Revival style with an upper window in the shape of a medieval pointed arch.
江苏省苏州市张家港高级中学2021届高三英语上学期期中热身检测试题
江苏省苏州市张家港高级中学2021届高三英语上学期期中热身检测试题(本试卷满分150分, 考试时间120分钟）第Ⅰ卷选择题（共95分）第一部分：听力理解（共20小题；每小题1。
5分，满分30分）第一节 (共5小题；每小题1。
5分，满分7。
5分)听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍.1.What is the weather like today?A。
Rainy。
B。
Cloudy。
C. Sunny。
2.What are the speakers going to do?A。
Go on a trip. B. Buy some。
C。
Wait for a taxi.3。
What will the woman do tomorrow afternoon?A. Go to sleep。
B. Have a picnic。
C. Deal with an email。
4。
What are the speakers talking about?A. Literature。
B. Major.C. Computer.5。
What does the man think of the lecture?A。
It was more interesting than ever.B. It was long but easy to understand。
C. It was far beyond his understanding.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、 C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题.6。
美国文化
The Movie
Opera and Music
Opera Most is according to folk literature, legends and historical adaptation. Like Douglas Moore Douglas Moore's "Baby flower's song" Ballad of Baby Doz tells is a big silver rise and fall of Colorado king. The first out of the American opera is successful Gershwin George Gershwin great folk opera "the wave, and Bessie" Porgy and Bess, it is 1935 years in New York on. Music Of the 20 th century, American composer of music style started to develop the United States. They quickly get the world admit.
Sculpture
American sculpture in the 20 th century ago, has been under the influence of European style. St. Gordon Augustus Saint-Gaudens 19 century is in their works show real imagination of American sculptor. Today, American sculpture is an entirely personal performance, it with all sorts of different form, and material allencompassing. For example, DE d Jo Davidson's on his celebrity lifelike sculpture for bronze statues and famous. Stanley its guard this Richard Stankiewicz are in the metal raw material into sculpture created welding amazing abstract works.
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：37
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题As nineteenth century American cultural aspirations expanded, women stepped into a new role as interpreters of art, both by writing works on art history and by teaching art.问题1选项A.ambitionsB.imaginationC.patronageD.opportunities【答案】A【解析】句意：随着19世纪美国文化抱负的扩大，女性通过撰写艺术史作品和教授艺术，开始扮演艺术印象派的新角色。
aspirations意为“愿望，志向，抱负”。
ambitions 抱负，雄心，野心；imagination 想象（力），空想；patronage 赞助，光顾；opportunities机会。
选项A与之意思相近。
2.单选题It was reported that the project （）by the end of this month.问题1选项A.will be completedB.would have been completedC.would have completedD.will have been completed【答案】B【解析】句意：据报道，该项目将于本月底完成。
根据was和by+时间可知，这里应该用would+过去完成时，首先排除选项A和D；项目是被完成，所以选项B正确。
3.单选题What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say, "I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself." In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?Professor Jereald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a "white lie", such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.Research has also been done into the way of people's behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now”. They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch（痒）.Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book ManWatching calls “the mouth cover”. He says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be interpreted as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and, in particular, the context in which the lie is told.1.One sometimes tells one's friend a “white lie” because one wants to（）.2.One research suggests that women （）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that（）.4.People may rub their noses when they lie because （）.5.It can be learned from the passage that（）.问题1选项A.make a profit from the other personB.avoid offending the other personC.convince the other personD.have some fun问题2选项A.generally life far more than menB.tend to tell more serious lies than menC.make more promises they can fulfill than menD.are better at telling less serious lies than men问题3选项A.politicians tend to tell intentional liesB.men are less skilled at telling liesC.businessmen seldom break their promisesD.women tend to make false promises 问题4选项A.they suffer from high blood pressure at the timeB.the nose is the most sensitive part of the human bodyC.the nose reveals the liar more easily than the other parts of the faceD.they do so in order to stop themselves from telling more lies问题5选项A.lies can easily be detected by careful observersB.lies are usually accompanied by strange gesturesC.people are able to tell a lie when they hear others lyingD.a liar may give away his or her intention unconsciously【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。
美国个人主义研究
Since the Pilgrims set foot on the American continent from Europe 300 years ago, individualism as a typical Western capitalist political and social philosophy, that the supremacy of personal values. The United States is a typical representative of the values of individualism, individualism is an important part of the American spirit. Individualism in the United States from the rational principles of the Christian spirit and the pursuit of individual autonomy. American culture, the development process, it became the starting point and destination of the United States thought to constitute the essence of American culture."Individualism" in Western culture, in particular, plays an important role in American culture. The earliest usage of the term "individualism" is the French form of "Individualism" from the Europeans, the French Revolution and its so-called root causes - the Enlightenment thought - the universal reaction. But first, the systematic use of the term "individualism" is the mid-1820s, Saint-Simon's followers. Perhaps because of the wide-ranging implications of the doctrine of Saint-Simon, the term "individualism" in the 19th century has been very widely used and developed into the system and its theory of a personal ideology, that is a political philosophy and social philosophy of the West . Its main contents are: stressed is the main value, I believe everyone has value, and attach great importance to the individual's self-disposable, self-control, self-development. Individualism based on individual-based philosophy of life.However, the true meaning of individualism varies from person to person. In France, it is usually with a derogatory sense, even still, which means the emphasis on the higher interest of the individual would be harmful to society. For some people, individualism is a dangerous idea; in others it seems, individualism is a social or economic anarchy, lack the necessary institutions and norms; some people think, it refers to the universal personal selfish attitude. "Individualism" is equivalent to the socialists simply the opposite of "socialism" and "communism". French liberals talk about individualism, but it is at least political freedom the largest diversified social order of the threat of state intervention. In sharp contrast, in France, the term "individualism" in Germany labeled Romantic label. German understanding of "individualism" is the organic unity of the individual self-fulfillment and personal and social.Eastern and Western cultures there is a profound difference in most Oriental countries, especially China, Japan and South Korea "individualism" understood as "collectivism" and contrary to the values-oriented. "Individualism" is "all ideological and personal interests as a starting point ... performance Sungongfeisi, selfish, mercenary intrigues, etc."; "Modern Chinese Dictionary" interpretation of "individualism" is "all starting from the individual to put their personal interests collective interests above their own interests, regardless of the mistakes of others thought ". Individualism in a word, Chinese culture is synonymous with egoism, is a derogatory term.In Western culture, emphasizing the individual-based values of the dominant, but only in the American culture, individualism is the essence of part developed to an extremedegree, and is extremely respected as a fundamental value. However, in the United States, "individualism" was first appeared singing the ode to capitalism and liberal democracy. It became a symbolic slogan of the great significance of form, expression of powers doctrine contained in the talent, the belief of free enterprise and the different eras of the American dream ideal. It does express the ideals of the 19th century and early 20th century in the United States, widely popular and has a profound impact on society. In fact, it is still important role of the actor in the American ideology. On this point, Tocqueville on Democracy in America, "a book made the most thorough summary of the concept of individualism expressed" strong self-confidence, or the trust of their own forces and wisdom "and" all citizens the struggle in pursuit of their own wealth and personality, as well as their contempt for human breath. "the reason why the United States lack the tradition of socialism, individualism in a way, the prevalence of results.As a typical Western capitalist political and social philosophy of individualism that the supremacy of personal values, emphasizing self-domination and self-control, against the authority, religious, national, social and any external factors to interfere and obstruct personal development. The same time, individualism is a value system, a theory of human nature, and even became a kind of attitude and the tendency of certain political, economic, social and religious behavior. First use the term "individualism" in the English-speaking world is the American philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson, his individualism big plus rendering and respected, and that it is beneficial to the development of personality and social progress, the political government is unbreakable government "point of view, have already penetrated into the ideology of the American people. Today, a typical representative of the United States has become the values of individualism, which is rooted in the early colonial period and in the frontier period has been carried forward the spirit of self-reliance has continued ever since, becoming an important part of the American spirit. Christ the spirit of liberalism and individualism together constitute the three pillars of American culture. On behalf of the American cultural patterns of the basic characteristics of individualism is to cover the direct, real American Thought. Individualism has become the highest American ideals and social ideals and world view. For Americans, individualism is equal to the identity of its life and death. Individualism in the United States from the rational principles of the Christian spirit and the pursuit of individual autonomy. American culture, the development process, it became the starting point and destination of the United States thought to constitute the essence of American culture.。
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Dominant American Cultural Pattern --by 李丹凌
•Definition --what is dominant culture --what is cultural patterns •Dominant American Cultural Patterns --historical development --Illustration(language and culture) --comparison,esp Chinese cultural pattern • conclusion
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”
“Pull yourself up by your own boot straps” “God helps them that help themselves”
Independence:
“Do your own thing”; “Everyone is the architect of his own fortune.” “do-it-yourself society”
Individual expression:
“The squeaky wheel gets the grease” an “ -ism century” Terms such as “Yippies” in 1970s, “Yuppies” in 1980s
Privacy:
”A man’s home is his castle.” “Put not your hand between the bark and the tree.”
Dominant American Culture: 5.Progress & Change
(1)historical development
Darwinism: all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Social Darwinism 1)Pursuit of wealth and material, improvement of existing condition. 2) exploration of the unknown. 3)optimistic, and future-orientation.
(3) Comparison
Relatively rigid hierarchical social structure: The body, the hair and the skin are received from the parents and may not be injured.(Hsiaoking) the old man in china is a most imposing figure, more dignified and good to look at than the old men in the west, who are made to feel in every way that they have passed the period of their usefullness and are now gratuitously fed by their children, as if they had not done their bit in bring up the young in their prime of life.
(2) Illustration
Value is experienced by individual;all value should be centered in human; self is ends and society is just a means to this ends.
Initiative:
可测量性是、量化是衡量一切事物的重要性能 • They can apply the theory into practical use. • Pragmatic theory:William James’s Pragmatism, John Dewey’s Instrumentalism.
(3) Comparison A case study: A Japanese and an American are making a schedule for some visiting scholars.The American was responsible for the accommodation. First he gather information on hotel from 4 different regions and categorize them into:business hotel,high class hotel, hostel, residential hotel.Then he analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of each,with consideration of convenience, transportation,price, food,etc. Finally he handed a stack of statistic to his Japanese colleague. His colleague looked at the material and said “how can we let our guests live in 4 different regions at a same time?”. “of course not, that statistic is just a feasibility investigation.”. His Japanese colleague answered “we also did feasibility investigation,but most of time we know which one is better from our feeling.”
(3) Comparison Collectivism
团结就是力量； 孤掌难鸣；独木易摧； 天下兴亡，匹夫有责。 先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐。
Dominant American Culture: 2.Equality
(1)historical development First arrival of Puritan “The Declaration of Independence”: all men are created equal Westward movement: the idea of unlimited good(财富无限论）
“Great gain makes work easy.” “A heavy purse makes a light heart” “Money recommends a man everywhere” “Riches are the pillars of the world” 心理学家Maslow的个人需求层次论大体吻合
Dominant American Culture: 1.Individualism
(1)historical development
Latin poet Quintus Ennius:”Do not expect strangers to do for you what you can do for yourself.” English Philosopher Jane Locke French politics Alexis de Tocqueville(first coin) American philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson(first used in American)
Dominant American Culture: 3.Materialism
(1)historical development
Dated back to the Protestantism
(2) Illustration In the American metaphysic, reality is always material reality. “the person who dies with the most toys wins.” “to go from rags to riches”
what is cultural patterns
Both the conditions that contribute to the way in which a people perceive and think about the world, and the manner in which they live in that world. Ruth Benedict, “Patterns of Culture”:Christianity, Republicanism and individualism
(2) Illustration
The equality of opportunity and rights