History and background

Historical+Background

The government during 1653 to 1659 is properly called “The Protectorate”, and took the form of direct personal rule by Oliver Cromwell and, after his death, his son Richard, as Lord Protector.
James I had been King of Scotland for 36 years when he became King of England. Although he was King of both countries, James's attempt to create a full governmental union proved premature.
John Donne: Metaphysical John Milton: The Milton Epics-Paradise Lost John Bunyan: The Pilgrim’s e name given in the 16th century to the more
亚，但圣经产生了英国.”
The Gunpowder Plot (an attempt
by Guy Fawkes and other
Roman Catholic conspirators to
blow up the Houses of
Parliament) in 1605.
III. Charles I
to the New World, where they sought to found a holy Commonwealth in New England.

English Literature of the Revolution and Restoration Period (17th century)

4. English Literature of the Revolution and Restoration Period (17th century)1）History background：●English Revolution (1649)●The establishment of a Commonwealth●The monarchy was restored (1660)●Glorious Revolution(1688)2) Main literature: poetry, comedy, prose3) Main writers and their works:⏹John Milton 弥尔顿Paradise Lost《失乐园》Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》⏹John Bunyan班扬The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》⏹John Dryden 德莱顿Alexander’s Feast《亚历山大的宴会》The Indian Queen《印第安王后》⏹John Donne多恩The Elegies and Satires《挽歌与讽刺》教学目的：1．了解清教思想对英国文学的影响；2．掌握革命时期及复辟时期英国文学的总体特征及代表作家与作品。

教学重点：1．英国革命及“清教运动”，清教主义思想对文学的影响；2．玄学派诗歌的总体特征，约翰•多恩及诗作《跳蚤》分析；3．弥尔顿的诗歌特征；4．班扬作品的特征，《天路历程》的寓言特点；5．复辟时期文学的总体特征及约翰•屈尔顿的贡献。

教学难点：1．奇喻修辞的特点，《跳蚤》中奇喻的运用；2．《失乐园》中的圣经典故，作品如何体现时代精神；3．革命时期的文学与文艺复兴文学的区别。

教学方法：教师讲授、学生报告及课堂讨论相结合讲授内容：English Literature in the Seventeenth CenturyⅠ. Social BackgroundThe 17th century was one of the most tempestuous periods in English history. Conflicts and clashes appeared between the King and the Parliament, which represented the bourgeois class.In 1642, a civil war (English revolution) broke out between Charles I and the parliament. At last, the royalists were defeated by the parliament army led by Oliver Cromwell. In 1649 Charles I was beheaded, and England was declared to be a commonwealth.After the death of Cromwell, the parliament recalled CharlesⅡto England in 1660 and monarchy was restored, then followed the Restoration Period.In 1688, the bourgeoisie invite William, prince of Orange; form Holland to be king of England. This is called the “Glorious Revolution”. This bloodless event completed the bourgeoisie revolution and modern England was firmly established. Ⅱ. The English Revolution and PuritanismThe English revolution was carried out under a religious cloak. So, English revolution also called the Puritan revolution. The Puritan Movement aimed to make man honest and to make man free.Puritanism was the religious doctrine of the revolutionary bourgeoisie during this period. It preached thrift, sobriety, hard work, but with very little extravagant enjoyment of the fruits of labor. Worldly pleasures were condemned as harmful. So in the triumph of Puritanism under Cromwell, severe laws were passed, many simple pleasures were forbidden and an austere standard of living was forced upon an unwilling people. The London theaters were closed in 1642.The whole spirit of the movement: fighting for liberty and justice，overthrowing despotism and making men’s life and property safe from the tyranny of rulers.Ⅲ.Literature of the 17th centuryEnglish literature of the revolution and restoration was very much concerned with the tremendous social upheavals of the time.1. Literature of the Revolution PeriodA. general characteristics1) The Revolution Period was one of confusion in literature due to the breaking up of the old ideals. The Puritans believed in simplicity of life. They disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry written in the previous period. Literature was as divide din spirit as were the struggling parties.2) Literature in the Puritan Age expressed age and sadness. Even its brightest hours were followed by gloom and pessimism.3) Romantic ardor can not be found in literature of the Puritan period.4) John Milton, whose work would glorify any age and people, and in his work the indomitable revolutionary spirit found its noblest expression. For this reason, this period is also called Age of Milton．5)The main literary form of the period was poetry．Besides Milton, there were two other groups of poets, the Metaphysical Poets and the Cavalier Poets.B. Metaphysical PoetsThe Metaphysical Poets appeared in England at about the beginning of the 17th century. They sought to shatter myths and replace them with new philosophies, new sciences, new world and new poetry. With a rebellious spirit, they favored in poetry a more colloquial language, a single-minded working of one theme. Besides, they tended to logically reason the things, esp. emotions, psychologically analyze the emotions of love and religion, love the novelty and the shocking, use the metaphysical conceits, and ignore the conventional devices. The works of these poets are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.John Donne (1573-1631) is the founder of the Metaphysical School. Donne is famous for his frankness, penetrating realism and cynicism. He emphasizes his thought by fantastic metaphors and extravagant hyperboles. John Donne’s masterpiece is Songs and Sonnets《歌曲与十四行诗》, among which The Sun Rising and The Flea are the two most famous poems.George Herbert (1593-1633) is "the saint of the Metaphysical School"(玄学派诗圣). His chief work is a collection called The Temple《神殿》, which includes his 160 short poems.C. Cavalier PoetsAnother school of poetry prevailing in the period' were the Cavalier Poets. Most of these poets were courtiers and soldiers. They sided with the king to fight against the revolution. The representatives of this school are Sir John Suckling (1609-1642), Richard Lovelace (1618-1657), Thomas Carew (1595-1639), and Robert Herrick (1591-1674).2. Literature of the RestorationRestoration literature is deeply influenced by French classical taste. It is a period of French influence.A. general characteristics1. The tendency to vulgar realism in the drama. Restoration writers sought to paint realistic pictures of a corrupt society.2. A general formalism. They produced coarse, low plays without interest or moral significance.3. The development of a simpler and more direct prose style.4. The prevalence of the heroic couplet (two iambic pentameter lines which rime together) in poetry.B. John Dryden (1631-1700)Dryden was a poet, a playwright and a critic. He established the heroic couplet as one of the principal English verse forms classified the English prose and made it precise, concise and flexible and raised English literary criticism to a new level. He was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the next century.John Milton (1608-1674)I. Life and literary careerMilton was born in London in1608. His education began at St. Paul's school, then he went on to distinguish himself at Cambridge University, where he graduated B. A. in 1629, and M. A. in 1632. His first work is an ode On the Morning of Christ’s Nativity（《基督诞生晨颂》，1629）After leaving Cambridge, he retired for nearly six years to his father's country house in Horton, where he devoted his time chiefly to further mastery of the whole range of languages, literature, science, theology, and music. During this period, Milton wrote L’Allegro (《快乐的人》，1632), Il Penseroso (《沉思的人》，1632), Lycidas (《利西达斯》，1638), Comus (《科玛斯》，1634).In 1638 he left England to complete his education with two years of travel in Europe, France, Switzerland and Italy. When he returned home in 1639, England was on the verge of a civil war. He soon plunged himself into the struggle and gave all his energies to the writing of pamphlets dedicated to the people’s liberty.Milton was married to Mary Powell in June 1642, but the marriage proved to an unhappy one. So for several years Milton issued pamphlets in which he argued that all Englishmen should have the right to get a divorce. In 1644, he published Areopagitica《论出版自由》, as a declaration ofpeople’s freedom from press.After the Revolution succeeded, Milton became Latin Secretary to the council of Foreign Affairs in 1649. He wrote a number of pamphlets defending the English revolution, such as Defence of the English People (《为英国人民辩护》，1651), and Second Defence of the English People(《为英国人民再辩护》，1654). Until the end of the Commonwealth, there were two leaders in England, Cromwell the man of action, and Milton the man of thought.Milton went blind in 1652, doubtlessly due to the severe eyestrain brought on by ceaseless reading and Latin composition. With the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Milton not only was confronted, but also was imprisoned and threatened with execution. Through the intervention of some friends who carried some influence with the new royal government, Milton was let off with a fine and some loss of property. Shortly afterward, living in blindness and virtual seclusion from all but the members of his immediate family, Milton began his masterpiece Paradise Lost. Before his death Milton published two other works on a grand scale,Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes. Both appeared in 1671; neither is as successful as Paradise Lost. Milton died in 1674.II. Major Works:Paradise Lost《失乐园》，1665Paradise Regained 《复乐园》，1671Samson Agonistes 《力士参孙》，16711) Paradise LostParadise Lost is Milton's masterpiece, and the greatest English epic. It is a long epic in 12 books, written in blank verse. The stories were taken from the Old Testament: the creation; the rebellion in Heaven of Satan and his fellow-angels; their defeat and expulsion from Heaven; the creation of the earth and of Adam and Eve; the fallen angels in hell plotting against God; Satan's temptation of Eve; the departure of Adam and Eve from Eden; and the possible salvation.A. The StoryB. Theme and CharacterizationThe poem, on the surface, was "to justify the ways of God to man", i. e. to preach submission to the Almighty. But under the surface, the main idea of the poem is the heroic revolt against God's authority.In the poem God is no better than a selfish despot. It has been noted by many critics that the picture of God surrounded by his angels resembles the court of an absolute monarch. While the rebel Satan who rises against God and, though defeated, still seeks for revenge. Satan and his followers who freely discuss all issues in council bear close resemblance to a republican Parliament. This epic expresses the reactionary forces of his time and shows passionate appeal for freedom.The theme is also about the fall of Men: man’s disobedience and the loss of Paradise. But having done it, Adam and Eve get freedom. They embody Milton's belief in the powers of man. Their craving for knowledge denied them by God, as Milton stresses, adds a particular significance to their character. It is this longing for knowledge that opens before mankind a wide road to an intelligent and active life.What makes Paradise Lost a powerful poem is precisely the way in which the Biblical past ispulled into the present in an intriguing way. Running through the poem are the key political questions of freedom and choice. From the perspective of Satan and his followers, rebellion against God was inevitable. The revolt may have failed, but it has left them their freedom. The final image of the poem is profoundly forward-looking, an image of gain through loss. As Adam and Eve go hand in hand out of Eden, the loss of Paradise is seen as the gain of a future for humanity on earth.The Image of SatanThe finest thing in Paradise Lost is the description of hell, and Satan is the real hero of the poem. As a conquered and banished giant, he remains obeyed and admired by those who follow him down to hell. It is always from him that deep counsels, unlooked-for resources and courageous deeds proceed. It is he who, passing through the guarded gates of hell and boundless chaos, amid so many dangers, and overcoming so many obstacles, makes man revolt against God. Though defeated, he prevails, since he has won from God the third part of his angels, and almost all the sons of Adam. Though feebler, he remains superior in nobility, since he prefers independence to happy servility, and welcomes his defeat and his torments as a glory, a liberty and a joy. To Milton, the proud and somber Satan represented the spirit of rebellion against an unjust authority. By using Satan as his mouthpiece, Milton is uttering his intense hatred of tyranny in the capacity of the Revolutionary.2) Paradise RegainedIt explores the theme of temptation and fall and shows how humankind, in the person of Christ, withstands the tempter and is established once more in the divine favor.3) Samson AgonistesS amson Agonistes is a poetical drama modeled on the Greek tragedy. The story was taken from the Old Testament. Samson was an athlete of the Israelites. He stood as their champion, fighting for the freedom of his country. But he was betrayed by his wife and blinded by his enemies the Philistines. One day he was summoned to provide amusement for his enemies by feats of strength in a temple. There he wreaked his vengeance upon his enemies by pulling down the temple upon them and upon himself in a common ruin.In this poetical drama, Milton is telling us his own story. Like Samson, he has been betrayed by his wife. He has suffered from blindness and been scorned by his enemies, and yet he has struggled heroically against his enemies. So the whole poem strongly suggests Milton's passionate longing that he too could bring destruction down upon the enemy at the cost of his own life. Samson is Milton.4) Features of Milton's Poetry or Milton’s contributionA. Milton is a great revolutionary poet of the 17th century. He is also an outstanding political pamphleteer of the Revolution period. He made a strong influence on the later progressive English poets.B. Milton is a great stylist. His poetry has a grand style. That is because he made a life-long study of classical and Biblical literature.C. Milton is a great master of blank verse. He is the glorious pioneer to introduce blank verse into non-dramatic poetry. He has used it as the main tool in his masterpiece Paradise Lost. His blankverse is rich in every poetic quality and never monotonous.D. Milton wrote the greatest epic in English literature. He made a strong influence o later English poetry.E. His poetry is noted for sublimity of thought and majesty of expression。

2025版高考英语一轮总复习重点单词必修第二册Unit4HistoryandTraditions

必修第二册 Unit 4 History and Traditions 阅读词汇会认1．cemetery n. 墓地；公墓2．philosophy n. 哲学3．descendant n. 后裔；后代；子孙4．heel n. 足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟5．Achilles' heel (喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点6．kingdom n. 王国；领域7．currency n. 通货；货币8．military adj. 军事的；军用的9．landscape n. (陆上，尤指乡村的)风景10．ancestor n. 祖宗；祖先11．courtyard n. 庭院；院子12．cattle n. 牛13．scent n. 气味；气息14．stew n. 炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi. 炖；煨15．sensory adj. 感觉的；感官的16．transition n. 过渡；转变；变迁17．Roman adj. 古罗马的；罗马的n. 古罗马人；罗马市民重点词汇会写1． Confucius n．孔子2． individual adj.单独的；个别的n．个人3． chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长4． nearby adj.附近的；邻近的adv.在附近5． conquer vt.占领；征服；控制6． battle n．战役；搏斗vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗7． port n．港口(城市)8． charge n．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电9． amount n．金额；数量10． gallery n．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊11． approach n．方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近12． ensure vt.保证；确保；担保13． butter n．黄油；奶油vt.涂黄油于14． honey n．蜂蜜15． position n．位置；姿态；职位16． snack n．点心；小吃17． county n．(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县18． feast n．盛宴；宴会；节日19． roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动n．卷(轴)；翻滚20． dot n．点；小(圆)点vt.加点；遍布21． roar vi.& n．吼叫；咆哮22． ocean n．大海；海洋23． pub n．酒吧；酒馆24． wine n．葡萄酒；果酒25． beer n．(一杯)啤酒拓展词汇会变1． puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→ puzzled adj.感到困惑的2． belong vi.应在(某处)；属于→belonging n．(U)归属；(pl.)所有物，财产3． defence n．防御；保卫→ defend v．防御；保卫→ defensive adj.防御的；保护的4． legal adj.法律的；合法的→illegal adj.不合法的→legally adv.法律上地5． crowd n．人群；一群人；民众vt.挤满；使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的6． evidence n．证据；证明→ evident adj.明显的7． achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→ achieve vt.达到；实现8． location n．地方；地点；位置→locate vt.确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置→ located adj.坐落于；位于9． fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v．使……入迷，迷住→ fascinated adj.着迷的10． announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→announcement n．宣布；通知→announcer n．广播员；解说员11． generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→ generosity n．慷慨；大方12． eager adj.热切的；渴望的→ eagerly adv.热心地；急切地→ eagerness n．热切；渴望13． poet n．诗人→ poem n．诗歌→ poetry n．诗歌(总称)14． greet vt.问候；迎接→ greeting n．问候；致意15． custom n．风俗；习俗；习惯→ customer n．顾客→ customs n．海关16． striking adj.引人注目的；显著的→ strike vt.打击；攻击；打动n．罢工运用巩固提能1．(朗文当代)He was recently appointed chief (最高级别的)economist at the Bank of Scotland.2．(剑桥高阶)She said that she wanted to die surrounded (围绕) by the people she loves.3．(剑桥高阶)Is there a charge (收费)for children or do they go free?4．(2021·浙江卷)She was able to add the new total to the amount (金额)of cash she had with her.5．(剑桥高阶)If you look out of the window on the left of the bus, you'll see that we're now approaching (接近)the Tower of London.6．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I quickly searched the crowd (人群) for the school's coach and asked him what had happened.7．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The wind picked up and thunder rolled (滚动)．8．(2022·全国甲卷)The ocean (海洋) plays a key role in our world.9．(2022·全国乙卷)He worked in a gallery (画廊)．10．(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge (收费)of $50 per absent adult.11．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The project's purpose is to ensure (ensure) harmony in care homes.12．(朗文当代)The work consists chiefly (chief) of interviewing the public.13．(牛津高阶)His ancestors (ancestor) had come to England as refugees.14．(朗文当代)The company has over 20 stores dotted (dot) around the country.15．It is evident that the man will be sentenced to prison with the newly-found evidence .(evident)16．We must take some defensive measures to defend our country against invasion.(defence)17．I hold the firm belief that you are bound to achieve your dream of being admitted to a key university, which will give you a wonderful sense of achievement .(achieve)18．The announcer softly announced the result, but the announcement made me shocked.(announce)19．The meeting room is quite crowded ，with a lot of people crowding init.(crowd)20．She wore a puzzled expression on her face because she was puzzled about a puzzling problem.(puzzle)。

英语历史背景Historical Background

Historical Background of British and American English The history of the English language is divided into three periods: The period from 450 to 1150 is known as the Old English. It is described as the period of full inflections(词尾变化), since during most of this period the case ending of the noun, the adjective and the conjugation(结合) of the verb were not weakened. Old English was a highly inflected language. It had a complete system of declensions(变格) with four case and conjugations. So Old English grammar differs from Modern English grammar in these aspects(方面).The period from 1150 is known as the Middle English period. It is know as the period inflections. This period was marked by important changes in the English language. The Norman Conquest was the cause of these changes. The change of this period had a great effect on both grammar and vocabulary. In this period many Old English words were lost, but thousands of words borrowed from French and Latin appeared in the English vocabulary. In the Middle English period grammatical gender(性) disappeared, grammatical gender was completely replaced by the natural gender. Modern English period extends from 1500 to the present day. The Early modern English period extends from 1500 to 1700. The chief influence of this time was great humanistic(人文主义的) movement of the Renaissance. The influence of Latin and Greek on English was great. The nineteenth and twentieth centuries are a period of rapid expansion(扩张) for the English vocabulary in the history of the English language.The development of the English language in America can be separated into three periods: The first period extends from the settlement of Jamestown in 1607 to the end of colonial times. In this period the population in America numbered about four million people, 90 of percent of whom came from Britain. The second period covers the expansion of the original thirteen colonies. This time may be said to close with the Civil War, about 1860. This period was marked by the arrival of the new immigrants(移民) from Ireland and Germany. The third period, since the Civil War, is marked by an important change in the source from which the European immigrantscame. They came from northern and southern Europe in large numbers.As time went on, the English language gradually changed on both sides of the Atlantic. The Americans adopted(接纳) many words from foreign languages and invented large number of new words to meet their various needs.American English began in the seventeenth century. At the beginning of the 17th century the English language was brought to North American by colonists from English. They used the language spoken in England, that is, Elizabethan English, the language used by Shakespeare, Milton and Banyan. At first the language stayed the same as the language used in Britain, but slowly the language began to change. Sometimes, the English spoken in American changed but sometimes the language spoken in the place stayed the same, while the language in England changed. Following American independence, famous persons like Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Webster began to consider that the country should have a language of its own. English in America has developed a character(特点) of its own, reflecting the life and the physical and social environment of the American people.Selected from An Introduction to English Lexicology by Lin Chengzhang。

介绍朝代英语作文模板范文

介绍朝代英语作文模板范文Introduction to the Dynasty English Composition Template。

The history of China is rich and diverse, with many different dynasties ruling over the vast and ancient land. Each dynasty has its own unique characteristics, achievements, and contributions to the development of Chinese civilization. In this essay, we will provide a comprehensive introduction to the various dynasties of China, covering their historical background, key rulers, major events, cultural achievements, and lasting impact on Chinese society.I. Introduction。

Brief overview of the concept of dynasty in Chinese history。

Importance of understanding the dynastic cycle and itsimpact on Chinese civilization。

Purpose of the essay: to provide a comprehensive introduction to the major dynasties of China。

II. Xia Dynasty (c. 2070-1600 BCE)。

mytown英语作文50词

mytown英语作文50词Unfortunately, it's not possible to provide an entire 1000-word English essay on the topic of "mytown" without incorporating the prompt into the article. However, I can help you by providing an outline and a sample introduction for your essay.Outline for the Essay "My Town"1. Introduction.Brief description of the town's location and first impressions.Setting the scene: weather, landmarks, etc.2. History and Background.Brief history of the town's founding and development.Major events or milestones in its history.3. Culture and People.Unique customs, traditions, or festivals.Characteristics of the town's residents.4. Economy and Industry.Major industries or businesses in the town.Economic growth or challenges faced.5. Places of Interest.Description of parks, museums, or other attractions.Favorite places in the town and why.6. Conclusion.Reflections on why the town is special to the author.Hopes or aspirations for the town's future.Sample Introduction for the Essay "My Town"Nestled in the heart of [region/country], my town is a vibrant and charming community that encapsulates the essence of small-town America. From its cozy Main Street, lined with shops and restaurants, to its lush green spaces and friendly neighbors, it's a place where history and modernity coexist harmoniously. As I walk through its familiar streets, I am transported to a world where time seems to slow down, and the simple pleasures of life become all the more precious.This is just a starting point for your essay. You can expand on each section, adding personal anecdotes, quotes, and descriptive language to bring your town to life. Remember to incorporate your own unique perspective and make the essay as personal and engaging as possible.。

中国七大古都英语介绍

Local dialect and customs
The local dialect of Kaifeng is unique, and the customs and conditions of the people are rich and diverse Visitors can experience these local cultural characteristics when visiting Kaifeng
point in the city's history
Cultural characteristics
Kaifeng Literati culture
Developed during the Song Dynasty, this culture is characterized by a focus on education, literature, and the arts Many scholars and writers emerged from this culture
Kaifeng Street
This street is known for its traditional shops selling local specialties, such as Kaifeng's
fame sugar coated hats
Kaifeng Opera
A unique local art form that combines music, dance,
Han Dynasty: Luoyang
Historical background
Tang Dynasty: East and West Luoyang

关于历史背景的英语作文

关于历史背景的英语作文The study of history is essential for understanding the present and shaping the future. By examining the events, figures, and forces that have shaped the past, we can gain valuable insights into the world we live in today. This essay will explore the importance of historical background in providing context and perspective on contemporary issues.One of the primary reasons why historical background is so crucial is that it helps us to understand the origins and development of current societal structures, political systems, and cultural norms. For instance, the rise and fall of empires, the emergence of new ideologies, and the evolution of technological advancements all have roots in the past. By tracing these historical trajectories, we can better comprehend the underlying factors that have influenced the present-day world.Moreover, historical background provides a broader context for understanding the complexities and nuances of current events. When we examine how certain situations or conflicts have unfolded overtime, we can gain a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the various stakeholders, motivations, and power dynamics at play. This, in turn, can help us to approach contemporary issues with greater empathy, nuance, and critical thinking, rather than relying on simplistic or biased interpretations.Another important aspect of historical background is its role in shaping our collective identity and understanding of ourselves. The stories we tell about the past, the heroes and villains we celebrate, and the values we uphold all contribute to the way we perceive ourselves as individuals and as members of a larger community. By engaging with history, we can gain a deeper appreciation for our cultural heritage, our shared struggles, and the ongoing efforts to build a more just and equitable world.Furthermore, historical background can provide valuable lessons and insights that can inform our decision-making and problem-solving in the present. By studying the successes and failures of past societies, we can learn from their experiences and apply those lessons to the challenges we face today. For example, the rise and fall of ancient civilizations can offer insights into the importance of sustainable resource management, the consequences of unchecked power, and the resilience of human ingenuity in the face of adversity.Additionally, historical background can play a crucial role in fosteringgreater understanding and cooperation between different cultures and nations. By exploring the shared experiences and interconnections that have shaped the global community over time, we can develop a more nuanced and empathetic perspective on the diversity of human experience. This, in turn, can help to bridge divides, promote cross-cultural exchange, and foster a more inclusive and equitable global order.However, it is important to acknowledge that the study of history is not without its complexities and potential pitfalls. Historians often grapple with the challenges of interpreting and representing the past, as the available sources and perspectives can be limited or biased. Moreover, the ways in which history is taught and represented can reflect the agendas and power dynamics of those in positions of authority, potentially obscuring or distorting the experiences of marginalized groups.To address these challenges, it is crucial to approach the study of history with a critical and nuanced mindset. This involves questioning the reliability of sources, considering multiple perspectives, and acknowledging the inherent subjectivity and complexity of historical narratives. By doing so, we can strive to develop a more comprehensive and inclusive understanding of the past, one that recognizes the diverse experiences and perspectives that have shaped the human journey.In conclusion, the importance of historical background cannot be overstated. By understanding the events, figures, and forces that have shaped the past, we can gain valuable insights into the present and better navigate the challenges of the future. Whether it is in the realms of politics, culture, or social justice, the study of history can provide the context and perspective necessary to make informed and thoughtful decisions. As we continue to grapple with the complexities of the modern world, it is essential that we remain committed to exploring and engaging with the rich tapestry of human history.。

历史文化背景的英文作文

历史文化背景的英文作文Paragraph 1:Imagine walking through the streets of ancient Rome, surrounded by grand architecture and bustling markets. The Roman Empire, known for its military prowess and sophisticated culture, left an indelible mark on history. From the Colosseum to the Pantheon, the remnants of this once-great civilization continue to captivate and inspire.Paragraph 2:Travel back even further in time to ancient Egypt,where pharaohs ruled with divine authority and the pyramids stood as testaments to their power. The Nile River, the lifeblood of this civilization, brought fertility to the land and allowed for the development of a rich and complex culture. Hieroglyphics, the ancient Egyptian writing system, still fascinate scholars today.Paragraph 3:In medieval Europe, knights in shining armor fought for honor and glory, while castles provided both protection and a symbol of wealth. The feudal system, with its strict social hierarchy, shaped the lives of peasants and nobles alike. The Renaissance, a period of great intellectual and artistic achievement, brought about a cultural rebirth that forever changed the course of history.Paragraph 4:China, with its vast history and diverse traditions, has a rich cultural heritage that spans thousands of years. From the Great Wall to the Terracotta Army, the achievements of ancient China continue to awe and inspire. The teachings of Confucius, emphasizing respect for authority and filial piety, have had a profound influence on Chinese society.Paragraph 5:The Maya civilization, known for its advanced understanding of astronomy and mathematics, flourished in Mesoamerica. Their intricate writing system and monumental architecture, such as the pyramids at Tikal, showcase their intellectual and artistic achievements. The mysterious collapse of the Maya civilization remains a subject of fascination and study.Paragraph 6:In modern times, the United States has become a melting pot of cultures from around the world. From the jazz music of the Harlem Renaissance to the pop art of Andy Warhol, American culture is constantly evolving and reinventing itself. The civil rights movement and the fight forequality have also shaped the nation's history and cultural identity.Paragraph 7:India, with its diverse religions and traditions, has a rich cultural tapestry that spans thousands of years. Fromthe ancient Indus Valley Civilization to the Mughal Empire, India's history is filled with fascinating stories and achievements. The colorful festivals, such as Diwali and Holi, showcase the vibrancy and diversity of Indian culture.Paragraph 8:Japan, with its unique blend of tradition and modernity, has a rich cultural heritage that continues to captivatethe world. From the elegant art of the tea ceremony to the disciplined practice of martial arts, Japanese culture is steeped in centuries-old traditions. The country's technological advancements and anime industry also reflect its modern influence on global culture.Paragraph 9:Africa, with its diverse array of cultures and traditions, has a rich history that is often overlooked. From the ancient civilizations of Egypt and Mali to the vibrant music and dance of West Africa, the continent's cultural heritage is as diverse as its landscapes. Africanart, with its bold colors and intricate designs, continues to inspire artists around the world.Paragraph 10:The world is a tapestry of diverse cultures and histories, each with its own unique story to tell. From ancient civilizations to modern societies, our shared human history is a testament to the resilience and creativity of the human spirit. By exploring and appreciating the historical and cultural backgrounds of different societies, we can gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us.。

中国文化概况(汉英双语)第九章文化交流

第一课
历史文化交流
Zhang Qian’s Mission to the Western Regions
Historical Background

下一页
The term“Western Regions”originated from the Biography of Western Regions in the Han Dynasty written by the Eastern Han historian Ban Gu, mainly referring to the current Xinjiang region. According to this history book, there were thirty-six countries in the Western Regions at that time, but the population of each country was generally small. In the west of these small countries and the north of the Western Han Dynasty, there was a strong nomadic people, known as “Xiongnus”in history. They were brave and warlike, and were called“the nation on horseback”. During the Chu-Han War, the leader of Xiongnus, Chanyu Modu, took advantage of the opportunity to expand his power, conquered the surrounding countries and tribes, enslaved and exploited them.

建川博物馆英语简介作文

建川博物馆英语简介作文Introduction:The Jianchuan Museum, located in Anren, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, is a treasure trove of historical artifacts and a testament to the rich cultural heritage of the region. This museum is not just a collection of items but a narrative of China's past, present, and the potential future, offering visitors an immersive experience into the heart of Chinese history.Body:1. History and BackgroundThe Jianchuan Museum was founded by the renowned collector and philanthropist, Mr. Fan Jianchuan. It opened its doors to the public in 2005 and has since been dedicated to preserving and showcasing the diverse history of China. The museum's collection is vast, encompassing over a million pieces, including documents, photographs, and artifacts from various periods of Chinese history.2. Collections and ExhibitionsThe museum is organized into several sections, each focusing on a different aspect of Chinese history. Notable collections include:- The War of Resistance Against Japan: A collection of documents, photographs, and personal items that tell thestory of China's struggle during World War II.- The Cultural Revolution: Exhibits that provide afirsthand look into the tumultuous period of China's recent history.- Traditional Chinese Medicine: A comprehensive display of the ancient practices and knowledge that form the basis of Chinese medicine.3. Architectural DesignThe museum's architecture is as impressive as its collection. It spans across a vast area, with buildings designed to reflect both traditional Chinese styles and modern aesthetics. The integration of old and new not only serves as a visual metaphor for the museum's mission but also provides a comfortable and engaging environment for visitors.4. Educational Programs and EventsThe Jianchuan Museum is more than just a place for passive viewing; it is an active center for learning and cultural exchange. The museum offers educational programs, workshops, and special events that cater to a wide range of interestsand age groups. These initiatives aim to engage the publicand promote a deeper understanding of China's cultural legacy.5. Accessibility and Visitor InformationThe museum is easily accessible by public transportation and offers guided tours in multiple languages, ensuring that visitors from around the world can enjoy and appreciate its exhibits. The museum also provides detailed information and interactive displays that enhance the visitor experience.Conclusion:The Jianchuan Museum is a must-visit destination for anyoneinterested in gaining a deeper understanding of China's history and culture. With its extensive collection,thoughtful curation, and commitment to education, the museum stands as a beacon of cultural preservation and a window into the soul of China. It is a place where the past is preserved, the present is appreciated, and the future is shaped through the stories it tells.。

history background 造句

history background 造句1. The history background of the region shaped its unique cultural traditions.2. Having a solid history background is essential for understanding the present.3. The historian's extensive research provided a comprehensive history background of the ancient civilization.4. The documentary offered a fascinating history background of the industrial revolution.5. To fully appreciate the novel, it is important to havea good history background of the time period it is set in.6. The history background of the conflict shed light on the underlying causes and tensions.7. The museum exhibit provided a detailed history background of the artwork on display.8. The students conducted extensive research to gather a thorough history background for their presentation.9. The professor emphasized the importance of understanding the history background before analyzing the historical document.10. The history background of the ancient ruins added to their mystique and allure.11. The history background of the political movement influenced its strategies and goals.12. The author's book provided a concise history background of the country's struggle for independence.13. The history background of the epidemic helped scientists develop effective preventive measures.14. The history background of the monarch shaped their policies and decisions.15. The history background of the archaeological site revealed insights into the lives of ancient civilizations.16. The movie provided a captivating history background of the famous battle.17. The history background of the artist influenced their artistic style and themes.18. The museum tour guide shared an engaging history background of the artifacts on display.19. The history background of the economic recession explained its long-term impact on the country.20. The professor's lecture offered a comprehensive history background of the social reform movement.21. The history background of the scientific discovery transformed our understanding of the natural world.22. The history background of the religious conflict highlighted the complexities of interfaith relations.23. The history background of the city showcased its rich architectural heritage.24. The news article provided a brief history background of the ongoing political crisis.25. The history background of the constitutional amendment was debated during the parliamentary session.26. The history background of the literary movement influenced the works of many writers of that era.27. The documentary series presented a compelling history background of the Cold War.28. The history background of the cultural festival traced its origins back to ancient traditions.29. The book offered an insightful history background of the social justice movement.30. The history background of the scientific breakthrough revolutionized the field of medicine.。

history background

The 17th Century
The Period of Revolution and Restoration
Historical Background:
The 17th century was one of the most tempestuous periods in English history. The weakening of the tie between monarch and bourgeoisie——资产阶级与君主制度的矛盾 The clashes between the king and parliament——国王与国会的冲突
The Puritans fighting against the Cavaliers——清教徒与保王党的冲突 The outburst of the English Revolution (1642-1649)——英国资产阶级的爆发 Restoration——复辟 After the death of Cromwell, the parliament recalled CharlesⅡ to England in 1660.Then followed the Restoration period.
1685-1688
James Ⅱ
The Glorious Revolution
The revolution meant three things: • The supremacy of Parliament • The beginning of modern England • The final triumph of the principle of political liberty for which the Puritan had fought and suffered hardship for a hundred years.

Historical Background

Historical Background of British and American English The history of the English language is divided into three periods: The period from 450 to 1150 is known as the Old English. It is described as the period of full inflections(词尾变化), since during most of this period the case ending of the noun, the adjective and the conjugation(结合) of the verb were not weakened. Old English was a highly inflected language. It had a complete system of declensions(变格) with four case and conjugations. So Old English grammar differs from Modern English grammar in these aspects(方面).The period from 1150 is known as the Middle English period. It is know as the period inflections. This period was marked by important changes in the English language. The Norman Conquest was the cause of these changes. The change of this period had a great effect on both grammar and vocabulary. In this period many Old English words were lost, but thousands of words borrowed from French and Latin appeared in the English vocabulary. In the Middle English period grammatical gender(性) disappeared, grammatical gender was completely replaced by the natural gender. Modern English period extends from 1500 to the present day. The Early modern English period extends from 1500 to 1700. The chief influence of this time was great humanistic(人文主义的) movement of the Renaissance. The influence of Latin and Greek on English was great. The nineteenth and twentieth centuries are a period of rapid expansion(扩张) for the English vocabulary in the history of the English language.The development of the English language in America can be separated into three periods: The first period extends from the settlement of Jamestown in 1607 to the end of colonial times. In this period the population in America numbered about four million people, 90 of percent of whom came from Britain. The second period covers the expansion of the original thirteen colonies. This time may be said to close with the Civil War, about 1860. This period was marked by the arrival of the new immigrants(移民) from Ireland and Germany. The third period, since the Civil War, is marked by an important change in the source from which the European immigrantscame. They came from northern and southern Europe in large numbers.As time went on, the English language gradually changed on both sides of the Atlantic. The Americans adopted(接纳) many words from foreign languages and invented large number of new words to meet their various needs.American English began in the seventeenth century. At the beginning of the 17th century the English language was brought to North American by colonists from English. They used the language spoken in England, that is, Elizabethan English, the language used by Shakespeare, Milton and Banyan. At first the language stayed the same as the language used in Britain, but slowly the language began to change. Sometimes, the English spoken in American changed but sometimes the language spoken in the place stayed the same, while the language in England changed. Following American independence, famous persons like Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Webster began to consider that the country should have a language of its own. English in America has developed a character(特点) of its own, reflecting the life and the physical and social environment of the American people.Selected from An Introduction to English Lexicology by Lin Chengzhang。

千年苏州河英文版

千年苏州河英文版IntroductionThe ancient Suzhou River, with its rich history andcultural significance, is a mesmerizing landmark in Shanghai, China. This document aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the Suzhou River, its historical background, cultural significance, and the attractions it offers.1. Historical BackgroundThe Suzhou River, also known as the Wusong River, has a history dating back over a thousand years. It played acrucial role in the development of trade and transportationin ancient China. Connecting the city of Suzhou to theYangtze River, it served as an important waterway for goods and people.2. Cultural SignificanceThe Suzhou River holds immense cultural significance asit is associated with numerous legends, poems, and artworks. Many literary works and songs have been inspired by its romantic aura. The river embodies the beauty and charm of Shanghai, serving as a symbol of the city's cultural heritage.3. Attractions3.1 The Suzhou River CruiseOne of the best ways to experience the Suzhou River is by taking a cruise. The river cruise offers breathtaking viewsof the city's skyline, ancient bridges, and traditional riverside architecture. Visitors can enjoy the serene atmosphere while learning about the river's history andcultural importance.3.2 Riverside PromenadeThe riverside promenade is a popular spot for locals and tourists alike. Walking along the promenade, one can admire the beautiful scenery, enjoy the cool breeze, and observe the daily life of the locals. Numerous cafes, restaurants, and shops offer a variety of culinary delights and souvenirs.3.3 Shiliupu PierShiliupu Pier is a historical landmark along the Suzhou River. Built during the Ming Dynasty, it was a bustling dock that witnessed the flourishing trade along the river. Today, it has been transformed into a vibrant tourist destination, featuring a museum, art galleries, and traditional Chinese performances.3.4 Suzhou River ParkAdjacent to the river, the Suzhou River Park offers a peaceful retreat from the bustling city. The well-manicured gardens, scenic walkways, and pavilions provide the perfect setting for relaxation and contemplation. Visitors can also enjoy a boat ride on the river or have a picnic in the tranquil surroundings.ConclusionThe Suzhou River is a must-visit destination for those seeking a blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. Whether taking a river cruise, strolling along the promenade, exploring the Shiliupu Pier, or unwinding in the Suzhou River Park, visitors are sure to be captivated by the charm and allure of this ancient waterway. Immerse yourself in the history and culture of the Suzhou River, and let its beauty leave a lasting impression on your journey in Shanghai.。

有关天津的英语作文范文

天津的英语作文有关天津的英语作文范文（通用13篇）无论是身处学校还是步入社会，大家一定都接触过作文吧，作文是通过文字来表达一个主题意义的记叙方法。

一篇什么样的作文才能称之为优秀作文呢？下面是小编为大家收集的有关天津的英语作文范文，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

天津的英语作文篇1Nowdays more and more people choose to tour in Tianjin. it is easy to see that Tianjin becomes more attractive to the tourists. why this city becomes such popular tour place? The reson is convenient transportation and tradtional tour places.a lot people choose Tianjin for spending the short holiday. most them are from Beijing,now it just takes 30 mins to reach there, and there are lot of tradtional place to visit, also the countryside life is most popular way to be close to the nature.they can eat the most health and fresh food from the field, and drink the water in the well and hills.Tianjin is the best choice to tour.天津的英语作文篇2Follow T ours after a long wait, finally came to my dream of tianjin, the bustling metropolis, was catching the civilized and harmonious, tianjin's many attractions too many countries will be the first time remembered tianjin associated, like the culture street, ShiPinJie, gulou, etc NaShi numerous tourist attractions of food in tianjin snacks is each person mentioned will be a thumbs-up, goubuli stuffed bun, ErDuoYan Fried cake,the 18th street manual twist, etc..Around him in here mood will be infected, possible turn times before arranged by place, although not enjoy, but timecan't always stay for us, there was no time to enjoy here again flourishing, leaving, expect the next come here again, continue to enjoy here.天津的英语作文篇3Tianjin is a beautiful city.Now,let me tell you something about Tianjin's famous food.Eighteenth Street Fried Dough Twists is very delicious;go believe is also a kind yummy food. If you wang to take some photos about Tianjin.I hope you go to Panshan in Jixian.Panshan is a very nice and much famous place.And WaterPark is a good place,too. Do you know?Tianjin has about 100 years history.representative place is Ancient Cultural Street. Do you wang to know more things about Tianjin?Please visit Tianjin museum.It can tell you more stories about Tianjin。