The_English_Civil_War

1649 3.Charles Ⅰwas executed in _____.and the monarchy was abolish(废除).

4.In 1660 Parliament decided to restore ____ Charles Ⅱ to the throne of England.This put an end to the ______________. Commonwealth(联邦制)
The English Civil War
The Civil Wars James I (1603-1625) and the Parliament Charles I (1625-1649) Cromwell as Lord Protector The new Parliament ——导火索

2.The Civil War broke out 1642 in______between The Royalists known as the Cavalier(保皇党) ____________________ Parliamentarians known as the Roundheads.(圆颅党人) and________________________________
The long Parliament
The long Parliament (1640-1660), introduced a series of measures , limiting the authority of the King while increasing its own. One of the measures was the Militia Bill which demanded the transfer of military command from the Crown to Parliament. The long Parliament also adopted the Grand Remonstrance which urged radical reforms in the church of England.
Charles I(1625-1649)
Charles I came to the throne in 1625 after the death of his father, James I. But he didn’t have any experience. His relationship with the Parliament was even worse than his father's. He was a pro-Catholic , also he believed his right to rule was God-given—"The Divine Right of Kings". In 1628, Parliament forced him to sign the Petition of Rights. He dissolved Parliament in 1629. For 11 years , he ruled the country without a Parliament.
The Puritans清教徒


These are protestants (non-Catholics) who have ideas that are different from the official Church of England. The Church of England doesn’t like them. Puritans believe that the Bible can be interpreted by individuals (not just the Church). Puritans believe in predestination:they believed that all men were predestined and the individual's free will played no part in his quest for salvations. Puritans want to live in separate communities to practice their beliefs. Puritans were some of the first people to leave England to go to America in 1620.You can say that America was founded by Puritans.
The Civil War

英国资产阶级革命


2ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้11级人力资源管理 马嘉男
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Question1:What is the cause of the war?
Charles afficted the capitalist class as a whole ,and the demend for a new government increased.
The Short Parliament and the Long Parliament



The first Parliament in 1625, Charles I asked Parliament to vote him the import duties. In 1628, the Parliament made Charles sign a Petition of Rights before they gave him any money. The Petition of Rights was also called the Second Magna Catar. The Parliament in 1640 was the Short Parliament , which made use of the money problem to start fierce criticism of the King's policy instead of voting money for the war.
Oliver Cromwell



In 1645,Oliver Cromwell took control of the Parliament's forces. Parliament said that England was now a Commonwealth (a country with no king, and ruled by people who are elected) . Cromwell became the true leader of the country. He protected the interests of tradesmen . But he wasn’t interested in helping the poor. In fact, in 1653, Cromwell even dissolved the Parliament and ruled the country by himself.

Maps of territory held by Royalists (red) and Parliamentarians (green), 1642—1645.
The Civil Wars
The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and Royalists (Cavaliers). The first Civil War (1642–1646) opposed the supporters of King Charles I. And the second (1648–49) was against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war (1649–1651) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651. Reasons : Beacause of the absolute rule of Charles, the confrontation between Charles I and the Parliament developed into the Civil War. A. The English Civil War is also called Puritan Revolution. B. It was directly caused by the conflict between Parliament and the King over the problem of supremacy.
Jame I(1603-1625)





He believed that the King should be the most powerful person: that God gave him the power to be King, so no one on Earth can disagree with him. This belief was called the “divine rights of kings”,which made the Parliament really angry. James liked the Church of England : because it made him the “Supreme Governor” of the Church. He allowed a new translation of the Bible into English (Known as the “King James Version”– the first time the Bible was printed in English.) Before, the Bible was only in Latin.

The Civil Wars
C. There were two sides to the argument: people who supported the king (royalists) and people who supported the Parliament’s power (parliamentarians). D.The fundamental reason was the conflict between the economic interests of the urban middle classes represented by the Parliament and the feudal landowners represented by the Crown. E. But it wasn’t just a war over politics: it was a war between two systems of social ( Traditional system and New system ) and economic development. Consequences : A. The English Civil War not only overthrew feudal system in England but also shook the foundation of the feudal rule in Europe. B. It paved the way for development of the capitalist production. It is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.