高速电机转子系统动力学特性分析

Xu Aijie Senior Engineer Li Liqing Master of Engineering Aeronautics and Astronautics Manufacturing Engineering School of Mechatronics Engineering July, 2012 Harbin Institute of Technology
Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering
Dynamics Analysis of A High-speed Motor Rotor system
（Application Type）
Candidate： Supervisor： Academic Degree Applied for： Specialty： Affiliation: Date of Defence： Degree-Conferring-Institution： ：
高速电机转子系统动力学特性分析
（应用型）
硕 士 研 究 生： 徐爱杰 导 师： 李立青 高级工程师 申 请 学 位： 工学硕士 学 科 、 专 业： 航空宇航制造工程 所 在 单 位： 机电工程学院 答 辩 日 期： 2012 年 7 月 授予学位单位： 哈尔滨工业大学
Classified Index：TH113.1 U.D.C.: 621
哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文
摘
要
高速电机以其体积小、功率密度大等优点使其在以高速加工为代表的各领域 得到广泛应用。然而，由于高转速的特点同时也给高速电机与从动机构的连接及 其转子系统动力特性提出了新的挑战，因此针对转子系统的动力学特性分析及研 究得到业界越来越广泛地关注。为此，根据实际需要，本文针对一设计转速为 60000r/min 的转子及其从动轴转子组成的转子系统的动力学性能进行了分析， 主要 研究转子的不平衡量和不对中情况对转子动态性能的影响。 首先，针对高速电机转子与其从动转子的过盈连接的问题，设计一种特殊的 “工”字型联轴器来适应这种实际工况，并计算其动态过盈量和强度校核。利用 有限元分析软件对设计的联轴器进行静动态接触分析，分析结果表明应力分布图 满足高转速的要求。 其次，对转子系统在对中与不对中情况进行模态分析提取其固有频率、临界 转速、振型和 Campbell 图等模态参数，分析发现各阶固有频率都远大于转子系统 本身的固有频率 1000Hz，因此系统不会发生共振，可以承受 60000r/min 的转速。 再次，针对转子在高速旋转时的两大问题即不平衡和不对中情况下的转子系 统进行谐响应分析。 结果为不平衡问题时的谐响应分析的振动响应幅值为 0.24mm； 带有不对中的不平衡谐响分析时的振动响应值为 0.28mm，明显大于完全对中时的 振动量。最后，通过单电机试验来验证双电机转子系统谐响应分析的可信性。 关键词：转子动力学；模态分析；谐响应分析
硕士学位论文
高速电机转子系统动力学特性分析
（应用型）
DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF A HIGH-SPEED MOTOR ROTOR SYSTEM
徐爱杰Байду номын сангаас
哈尔滨工业大学 2012 年 7 月
国内图书分类号：TH113.1 国际图书分类号：621
学校代码：10213 密级：公开
工学硕士学位论文
II
哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文
目
录
摘 要 ............................................................................................................................... I Abstract ............................................................................................................................. II 第1章 绪 论 .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 课题背景 ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 课题研究目的和意义 ........................................................................................ 1 1.3 国内外转子系统的研究现状及分析 ................................................................ 2 1.3.1 国外研究状况 .......................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 国内研究状况 .......................................................................................... 3 1.4 转子动力学研究状况及方法 ............................................................................ 4 1.5 主要研究内容 .................................................................................................... 5 第 2 章 联轴器—转子动态接触分析 ............................................................................ 6 2.1 联轴器的结构 .................................................................................................... 6 2.2 转子动态过盈量 ................................................................................................ 6 2.3 转子联轴器过盈配合应力分析 ........................................................................ 9 2.4 应力分析 .......................................................................................................... 14 2.4.1 强度要求 ................................................................................................ 14 2.4.2 转矩传递的要求 .................................................................................... 14 2.5 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 14 第 3 章 转子系统的模态分析 ...................................................................................... 15 3.1 模态分析定义 .................................................................................................. 15 3.2 模态分析理论 .................................................................................................. 15 3.3 转子的有限元模型 .......................................................................................... 16 3.4 模态分析 .......................................................................................................... 18 3.4.1 坎贝尔图（Campbell Diagram） .......................................................... 18 3.4.2 振型 ........................................................................................................ 19 3.4.3 轴承刚度对转子系统的影响 ................................................................ 22 3.4.4 不对中时的模态分析 ............................................................................ 26 3.5 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 30 第 4 章 转子系统谐响应分析 ...................................................................................... 31 4.1 谐响应分析的定义 .......................................................................................... 31
I
哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文
Abstract
High-speed motor has been widely used in various fields of high-speed machining by advantages of its small size, large power density. However, due to the characteristics of high speed, it has raised new challenges to the connection between high-speed motor and driven institutions and their dynamic characteristics of rotor system, so the rotor system dynamics analysis and research has been more widespread concern in the industry. To this end, according to the actual needs of this paper, dynamic performance of the rotor with a design speed of 60000r/min rotor and the rotor system made up of the driven shaft rotor is analyzed, mainly emphasizing on the quality of the main rotor unbalance and misalignment of the rotor dynamic performance. First, the connection between high-speed motor and its driven shaft is a key issue. A special "H" coupling is designed to adapt to this kind of work environment, to calculate the amount of interference, and check the strength. With the use of ANSYS, the designed coupling is contact analyzed within the scope of allowed range, the resulting stress distribution and deformation of the map has been verified to meet high speed requirements. Secondly, the two connecting rotor system with misalignment problems need to be modal analyzed to extract the natural frequencies under the conditions of the modal parameters of the natural frequency, critical speed, vibration, Campbell map, the natural frequencies under the conditions of the modal parameters are much larger than the natural frequency of the rotor system itself 1000Hz, so it will not resonant, and can withstand the speed of 60000r/min. Again, for the two major problem of the rotor dynamics in the high-speed rotation, so-called imbalance and misalignment situation. Its harmonic response analysis of imbalanced vibration response amplitude of 0.24mm, the vibration harmonic analysis of misalignment and imbalance response amplitude of 0.28mm, significantly greater than the completely right. Finally, the correctness of the single-motor tests to verify the correctness of the dual-rotor system harmonic response analysis. Keywords: rotor dynamics，modal analysis，harmonic response analysis