新视野教材语法总结
新视野第三册重点句型归纳
第三册重点句型归纳(1-9)I pledged myself to fulfill the promise I had made. 我保证实践自己的诺言。
He couldn't restrain his curiosity. 他抑制不住自己的好奇心。
The teacher had to reconcile disputes among her pupils. 老师不得不调解她学生中的纠纷。
She consumed most of her time in reading. 她把大部分时间都花在读书上。
They had food and clothing sufficient for their needs.他们有足够所需的食品和衣服。
We won’t allow other countries to interfere with our internal affairs.我们不允许别的国家干涉我国内政。
Don’t interfere in matters that don’t concern you. 不要介入那些与你无关的事情。
Tom and Bob went to their homes respectively after school.The ratio of men to women at the meeting was ten to one.出席会议的男女之比是10比1。
It’s advisable for people in these groups to have a yearly blood test to check blood iron reserves. （Lesson.2）属于这些类型的人,最好每年做一次血液检查,看看体内铁质的储量如何.We were warned by the teacher in the first lesson that students got a grade not only for academic achievement but also for attendance and best effort.(Unit 3)第一堂课教师就告诫我们，学生的得分不仅包括学习成绩，还包括出勤率和努力程度He started late, but he was able to catch the eight oclock train.他出发的晚了,但还是赶上了八点的火车.He sleeps with the window open even in winter.即使在冬天他常开着窗户睡觉.He is a controversial person. 他是一个很有争议的人。
新视野(第三版)第一册 unit1 词汇语法
Fresh StartPart IUNDERSTANDING AND LEARNINGThe first unit of the first book of our series meets students who have just entered college or university and are beginning a new phase in their lives. We hope that students will be able to talk about their expectations of their college experience, and they will be aware of the expectations their parents and their educators have of them.Text A is a university president's welcome speech, in which the president gives valuable guidance to and expresses expectations of freshman students.Text B is a letter written by a father to his child who is about to start college, in which the father expresses his expectations of the child. We hope that the two texts will stimulate students to share their own expectations regarding their college experience; and we also hope the two texts will help students look from a new perspective at the expectations their educators and their parents have of them.Text A shows characteristics of a speech. Pronouns I, we and you are more frequently used than in other kinds of writing because the speaker is addressing the audience directly, hoping to motivate the audience and to gain their support and understanding. In a speech, the speaker can employ a variety of figures of speech to make his speech vivid and powerful, such as simile, metaphor, contrast, parallelism, and repetition. A very common figure of speech is parallelism. In parallelism, coordinate ideas are arranged in words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs to emphasize and point out relations. In Text A, for example, the president uses many sentences of parallel structure. This makes his speech powerful, persuasive, and thought-provoking. It can even produce humorous effect as in the example: "You may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school, and your parents may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with doing your laundry! "The most obvious feature of Text B is that it contains many imperative sentences, and these sentences tend to be brief. An imperative sentence advises, instructs, requests, or commands. It begins with a verb; the implied subject is you. In Text B, a father makes use of imperative sentences to give advice and instructions to his child who has just left home for college. For example: "Don't be bound by what other people think." "Pick friends who are genuine and sincere." "Become the great thinker you were born to be."In class the teacher can make students compare the writing styles of Text A and Text B. Class activities may include pair work, group discussions, and mini- surveys about students' high school experience, their families and friends, and their expectations of college life. Section AToward a brighter future for allBackground information1.American higher education In the United States, students can choose to go to college afterhigh school. (They can also choose to go straight to the workforce after high school.) Theyhave the option of attending a two-year community college before applying to a four-year university. Admission to community college is easier, tuition is lower, and class sizes are often smaller than at a university. Community college students can earn an associate degree and transfer up to two years of course credits to a university.College and university students need to pay tuition, but many earn scholarships or receive loans. Although admissions policies vary from one university to another, most determine admission based on several criteria, including a student's high school course of study, high school Grade Point Average (GPA), participation in extracurricular activities, SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) or ACT (American College Testing) exam scores, a written essay, and possibly a personal interview with a representative from the admissions office.Most students in the United States take the SAT Reasoning Test or the ACT during their final year of high school. Each university sets a minimum SAT or ACT score that a student must achieve in order to gain admission. These are standardized quantitative examinations. The SAT tests critical reading, mathematics, and writing skills. The ACT tests English, mathematics, reading, science reasoning, and includes an optional writing test.Extracurricular activities may include scholastic clubs, athletic teams, student government, and philanthropic clubs. V oluntary participation in these kinds of activities is an indication that a student has learned valuable life lessons, such as teamwork, leadership, or civic responsibility.University students pursuing a bachelor's degree are called "undergraduates"; students pursuing a master's or doctoral degree are called "graduate students". Most universities give undergraduate students a liberal education, which means students are required to take courses across several disciplines before they specialize in a major field of study. Graduate and professional programs, such as medicine or law, are specialized. All degree programs require students to complete a minimum number of credit hours before graduating.Selection for admission to a graduate program is based on several criteria. These include completion of a bachelor's degree, the student's undergraduate coursework and GPA. Students are also expected to write an essay as part of their application or to submit a writing sample. Most master's programs require students to have a minimum score on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), which tests verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, critical thinking, and analytical writing skills.Students continue to take courses at the graduate level. A final thesis is required for most master's programs. Doctoral students take courses until they have earned enough credit hours to attempt their qualifying examinations. These are usually taken over several days and often include a written and oral component. After doctoral students pass their qualifying exams, they are advanced to candidacy and can begin writing their dissertation. Before the degree is given, the completed dissertation must be orally defended before the candidate's faculty committee.[2] Vera Wang Vera Wang (1949- ) is a Chinese- American fashion designer. She was born andraised in New York City. While trained as a figure skater in high school, she eventually earneda degree in art history from Sarah Lawrence College in 1971. But a career in fashion was herdream. She worked as a semor fashion editor for V ogue magazine for 15 years. In 1985, she left Vogue and joined Ralph Lauren as a design director for two years. In 1990, she opened her own design salon in New York, and featured her trademark bridal gowns. Wang has made wedding gowns for many celebrities and public figures, such as Jennifer Lopez, Sharon Stone and Chelsea Clinton.Detailed Study of the Text1 Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of yourparents and teachers. (Para.11 Meaning: Your entering this university is an important success. This success is due to manyyears of your hard work, and many years of your parents' and teachers' hard word work:.★triumph: n.【C] an important victory or successafter a difficult struggle（尤指苦战后获得的）胜利，成功，成就Winning the championship was口great personal triumph for this young tennis player.赢得冠军对这个年轻的网球运动员来说是很大的个人成就。
新视野大学英3语各单元语法点精讲
了进来，她的脸冻得通红。 2）独立主格结构的特殊构成形式
独立主格结构除上述基本构成形式，即“名词／代词＋分词(短语)”外，还有如下特殊构
成形式。
① 名词＋介词短语 The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand. 那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
② 名词＋形容词(短语) The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse. 特洛伊人睡着
Unit 3 as 的用法 1）单词的用法 ① ad. a. 同样地： He doesn’t speak English as fluently as you. 他的英语说得不如你流利。 b. 例如： Such clever girls as Christine and Nancy can learn anything quickly. 像克丽丝汀和 南希这样聪明的女孩学东西很快。 ② conj. a. 与… 一样： When in Rome do as Romans do. 入乡随俗。 b. 像： The work is not so difficult as you imagine. 这工作不像你想象的那么困难。 c.当… 时： I was startled as he opened the door. 他一开门，我吓了一跳。 d. 由于； 因为： As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. 天下雨了，你最好乘出租车。 e. 尽管： Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true. 这个故事看似荒唐，却是真的。 ③ pron. 正如，照： Don’t make the same mistake as I did. 不要和我犯同样的错误。 ④ prep. a. 当作：The kitten uses that box as a bed. 小猫把那个盒子当作床。
大学英语新视野1单词详解及语法(全)
Unit 5.Section A单词：acquirevt. 获得He acquired a knowledge of the language by careful study.他通过认真学习掌握了这门语言。
The company has recently acquired a new office building in central Shanghai.这家公司最近在上海市中心买了一栋新的办公楼。
immunea. 1. 免疫的Once you've had the disease, you will be immune to it for life.一旦你得了这种病，你就会对这种病终身免疫。
The medicine will make you immune to the disease.这种药可以使你免于感染这种疾病。
2. 不受影响的You would be immune from punishment if you helped the police find the murderer. 如果你帮警察找到杀人犯，就可免受处罚。
These goods are not immune from customs duties. 这些商品不免税。
deficiencyn. 不足；缺乏The weakness is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C.这种衰弱是由于缺乏维生素C而引起的。
The officer was quite worried about the deficiency in the supply of water.这位军官很担心水供应不足。
syndromen. 综合征The syndrome is likely to strike those whose immunity is weakened.免疫系统受到破坏的人身上可能出现这类综合征。
David was suffering from a Gulf War Syndrome.戴维遭受海湾战争综和征的折磨。
大英新视野大一unit1知识点
大英新视野大一unit1知识点大英新视野大一Unit 1知识点本文将对大英新视野大一Unit 1的知识点进行介绍。
Unit 1主要包括以下几个部分：language points、key phrases、sentence patterns和culture notes。
下面将分别对这些部分进行详细叙述。
1. Language PointsLanguage Points 是本单元的重点语言知识点。
其中包括词汇、语法和语言表达。
例如，本单元的词汇包括了常用的词汇表达，如名词、形容词、副词、动词等。
同时也包括了一些固定搭配、短语和惯用语。
语法部分主要包括了时态、语态、虚拟语气等语法知识。
例如：present simple tense、passive voice等。
最后，语言表达部分主要包括了交际用语、口语表达、书面表达等。
2. Key PhrasesKey Phrases 是本单元的重点短语。
通过掌握这些短语，能更好地理解和应用在实际生活或者学习当中。
例如：in addition、as a result、on the other hand等常用的关键短语。
3. Sentence PatternsSentence Patterns 是本单元的重点句型。
这些句型可以帮助学生提高语言表达的能力。
例如：It is + adj. + to do sth.、Not only...but also...等句型。
4. Culture NotesCulture Notes 是本单元的文化知识点。
通过了解和学习这些文化知识，可以更好地了解和理解英语国家的文化背景。
例如：英语国家的传统节日、习俗等。
在学习大英新视野大一Unit 1知识点时，可以通过阅读教材中的相关内容，积极参与课堂讨论和活动，或者通过参考外部资源进行拓展学习。
同时，可以结合练习题和模拟考试来检验自己的学习效果，及时总结和反思，提高英语学习的能力。
总结起来，大英新视野大一Unit 1知识点包括Language Points、Key Phrases、Sentence Patterns和Culture Notes。
新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解-Unit
新视野三版读写B2 U3 Text AJourney through the odyssey years1 Most of us know about the phases of life which we label to parallel different age groups and life stages: childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and oldage. We think of infancy before childhood and middle age before old age, with each unique phase bringing its own peculiar set of challenges. These challenges can be overcome by acquainting ourselves with them, such as the child's need to learn, the adult's need to find the right career and build a family, and the senior's need for support and good health care.2 Interestingly, ideas about the stages of life are changing.3 In previous times, people didn't have a solid idea of childhood as being separate from adulthood. A hundred years ago, no one thought of adolescence. Until recently it was understood as a norm that their induction to adulthood was completed as soon as they graduated from college. They would now find a sensible job which would lead to a career. Then during this career they would start a family, ideal y before they turned 30.4 Today we have an equivalent need to recognize a new phase of life that comes after high school graduation, continues through college, and then leadsto starting a family and having a career, the so-cal ed odyssey years. Recent trends show radical changes as young people are fol owing adifferent agenda. They take breaks from school, live with friends and often return to living with their parents. Similarly, they fall in and out of love, quit one job and try another or even shift to a new career. So, we need to recognize this new stage, the odyssey years, which many now consider to be an unavoidable stage in reaching adulthood.5 People who were born prior to the 60s or 70s in the last century tendedto frame their concept of adulthood based upon achieving certain accomplishments: moving away from home, becoming financial y independent, finding the right spouse and starting a family. But that emphasis on stability did not remain static. Today, young people are unlikely to do the same. During the odyssey years, a high proportion of young people are delaying marriage, child bearing, and even employment.6 The odyssey years can saddle young people with enormous pressure tomove forward quickly. As the sole heir and focus of their parents' expectations, hopes and dreams, some react with rebellious and prideful attitudes andand keep a distance from their parents or even run away from home. Their confusion comes from the difficulties to make parents understand them andthe fluid journey of discovery they need in this phase of their lives. To get away from this confusion and upset, many young people resort to computer games, iPods, iPhones, or iPads, to help distract them from their pain and stress.7 Likewise, their parents are feeling more anxious. They maymake allowances for a transition phase from student life to adult life, but they get upset when they see the transition of their grown children's lives moving away from their expectations and stretching five years to seven years, and beyond. The parents don't even detect a clear sense of direction in their children's lives. They look at them and see the things that are being delayed.8 It's hard to predict what's next. New guidelines haven't been established yet, and everything seems to give way to a less permanent version ofitself. There's been a shift in the status and balance of power between the genders, too. More women are getting degrees than men. Male wages have remained stable over the past decades, while female wages have boomed.9 Apart from anything else, this has had an implicit effect oncourtship. Educated women can get many of the things they want, such as security, accomplishment, and identity without marriage. However, both genders are having a harder time finding suitable mates to build their lives with. Considering all of this, it's beneficial to know that even though graduates are delaying many things after college, surveys show they still hold highly traditional aspirations. For example, this contemporary generation rates parenthood even more highly than previous generations did!10 This new phase will likely grow more pronounced in the comingyears. Nations around the world have witnessed similar trends toward delaying marriage and spending more years than ever shifting between higher education and settling down with a career and family.11 Nevertheless, graduates shouldn't be deceived into thinking they can back off simply because things have become more difficult. A large number of people chasing relatively fewer opportunities can create strong competitive pressure. So, from the outset, keep your resume professional and up-to-date.12 To reinforce this essential message, success moving through the odyssey years will come to those who don't expect to achieve their goals right away but know that they must have the strength, capacity and confidence to endure over the long term. If you're a little late with your goals, don't feel like a failure! Stayat the vast changes as you passed through the odyssey years.Language Points:1 Most of us know about the phases of life which we label to parallel different age groups and life stages: childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. (Para. 1)Meaning:Most of us know about the different life stages that we describe according to different age groups: childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age.2 We think of infancy before childhood and middle age before old age, with each unique phase bringing its own peculiar set of challenges. (Para. 1) Meaning: We sequence the life stages of infancy, childhood, middle age and old age according to their natural order, with each particular life stage facing its own featured challenges.Sentence structure note:“with＋名词/代词＋现在分词”作独立主格结构“with＋名词/代词＋现在分词”构成独立主格结构，主要用作状语，可以表示伴随、方式、原因、时间等。
新视野第二册课文重点句型以及单词例句,词块总结等重点
Unit 1. 1. 不怕落后有多远，就怕失去前进的勇气。
However far you fall behind, it is better than losing the courage to move ahead. 2. 他作为金钱的奴隶，除了赚钱，对任何别的事情都不感兴趣。
Being a slave to money, he takes no interest in anything other than making money. 3. 深感知识匮乏的人，往往会有更大的动力去学习。
He who has a rather acute sense of lack of knowledge tends to have a greater motive to learn.4. 王进喜生前常说，井没压力不出油；人没压力轻飘飘。
During his lifetime, Wang Jin-xi used to say, “A well, under no pressure, does not produce oil, while a man, under no stress, grows light-h eaded.”5. 由于急着去赴约，她匆匆忙完手头的事情。
Eager to fulfill an appointment, she raced through the matter at hand.6. 就此事而言，不宜矫枉过正。
As far as the matter is concerned, it is no good righting it beyond a certain appropriate point.7. 常发短信被视为增进友谊的流行方式。
A constant flow of short messages is taken as a popular way of enriching friendship.8. 他学习差与其智力无关，但与其懒惰有很大关系。
新视野大学英语读写教程第三册 UNIT2 新词课文语法
endurancen. [U] the ability to continue doing sth. difficult or painful over a long period of time 忍耐；忍耐力T he exercise obviously will improve strength and endurance.显然，这种锻炼会增强体力和耐力。
L ong distance races are won by the runners with the greatest endurance.长跑比赛的获胜者是最有耐力的运动员。
moderatea. 1. neither very big nor very small in amount, quality, degree, etc. 中等的，适度的I t's a moderate price for a car of this type. Most people on moderate incomescan afford one.对于这种类型的车，这个价位是适中的。
中等收入的人大多数都买得起。
T en years of working in the company and saving money enabled him to afford a house of moderate size.在公司工作了10年，又存了钱，他有能力买一栋中等大小的房子。
2. reasonable and avoiding extreme opinions or actions温和的；不极端的H e is a person who is politically moderate.他这个人在政治上很稳健。
I don't like extremists; I like those who hold moderate views.我不喜欢极端分子；我喜欢那些政治观点温和的人。
新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解 Unit5
新视野三版读写B2U5Text ASpend or save—The student's dilemma1Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question,"Should I spend or should I save?"I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy common sense and contradict each other.The government tells us to spend or we'll never get out of the recession.At the same time,they tell us that unless we save more,our country is in grave danger.Banks offer higher interest rates so we increase savings.Then the same banks send us credit card offers so we can spend more.2Here's another familiar example:If we don't pay our credit card bill on time, we get demanding,nasty emails from the credit card company saying something like:"Your failure to pay is unacceptable.Pay immediately or you'll be in trouble!"Then,as soon as we pay,we get a follow-up email in a charming tone telling us how valuable a customer we are and encouraging us to resume spending.Which depiction is correct:a failing consumer in trouble or a valued customer?The gap between these two messages is enormous.3The paradox is that every day we get two sets of messages at odds with each other.One is the"permissive"perspective,"Buy,spend,get it now.You need this!"The other we could call an"upright"message,which urges us, "Work hard and save.Suspend your desires.Avoid luxuries.Control your appetite for more than you truly need."This message comes to us from many sources:from school,from parents,even from political figures referring to"traditional values".Hard work,family loyalty,and the capacity to postpone desires are core American values that have made our country great.4But the opposite message,advertising's permissive message,is inescapable.Though sometimes disguised,the messages are everywhere we look:on TV,in movies on printed media and road signs,in stores,and on buses,trains and subways.Advertisements invade our daily lives.We are constantly surrounded by the message to spend,spend,spend.Someone recently said,"The only time you can escape advertising is when you're in your bed asleep!"5It's been calculated that by the age of18,the average American will have seen600,000ads;by the age of40,the total is almost one million.Each advertisement is doing its utmost to influence our diverse buying decisions,from the breakfast cereal we eat to which cruise line we will use for our vacation.There is no shortage of ideas and things to buy!Now,of course,we don't remember exactly what the products were,but the essential message is cemented into our consciousness,"It's good to satisfy your desires.You should have what you want.You deserve the best.So,you should buy it—now!"A famous advertisement said it perfectly,"I love me.I'm a good friend to myself.I do what makes me feel good.I derive pleasure from nice things and feel nourished by them.I used to put things off.Not anymore.Today I'll buy new ski equipment,look at new compact cars,and buy that camera I've always wanted.I live my dreams today,not tomorrow."6What happens as we take in these contradictory but explicit messages?What are the psychological and social consequences of this campaign to control our spending habits?On one hand,we want more things because we want to satisfy our material appetite.Most of us derive pleasure from treating ourselves.On the other hand,a little voice inside us echoes those upright messages:"Watch out,take stock of your life,don't let your attention get scattered.Postpone your desires.Don't fall into debt. Wait!Retain control over your own life.It will make you stronger."7Anyway,many of the skills you need as a successful student can be applied to your finances.Consider your financial well-beings a key ingredient of your university education as money worries are extremely stressful and distracting.They can make you feel terrible and hinder your ability to focus on your prime objective:successfully completing your education.8How can you be a smart and educated consumer?Many schools, community organizations,and even some banks offer financial literacy classes.Consider consulting with your school's financial aid office or seek input from your parents or other respected adults in setting up a budget.An additional option is finding a partner to help you stay on track and find pleasure in the administration of your own financial affairs.Most importantly,if you find yourself getting into financial trouble,don't let your ego get in your way;urgently get help with tackling your problem before it spins out of control and lands you in legal troubles.9All this will help you become an educated consumer and saver.As you learn to balance spending and saving,you will become the captain of your own ship, steering your life in a successful and productive direction through the choppy waters.Language Points：1Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question,“Should I spend or should I save?”(Para.1)Meaning:When asking yourself whether you should spend or save,do you feel puzzled and controlled as I do?Meaning beyond words:According to the conventional concept,we are the master or the boss of the money we have earned.It is up to us to decide how to use our money.However,the sentence gives us the hint that we are actually no longer in control of our money.2I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy common sense and contradict each other.(Para.1)Meaning:In my opinion,the messages we get in our daily life about the question“Should I spend or should I save?”are against common sense and they often don’t agree with each other.Usage note:defy,denydefy和deny都是及物动词，词形相近，但实际上两者词义有别，用法也不同。
新视野大学英语的课文单词讲解,语法非谓语、独立主格、than用法以及虚拟语气、简单句等等用法
非谓语动词非谓语动词形式非谓语动词一般形式非谓语动词无先后非谓语动词有先后主动do (not) doing having done被动be done done/being done having been done 不定式主动to do to do不定式被动to be done to be doneSeen from the hill, the building is beautiful.Seeing from the hill, I find that the building is beautiful.To see the famous building is my dream. Having seen the film, I drive home.Having been refused twice, I hadn‟t lost my heart yet.非谓语动词–ing 形式I.the reading room≠the room is reading -ing 为动名词(gerund)具有名词的特点。
因此在句子中可用作主语、表语、宾语或介词的宾语, 也可做定语, 如the reading roomII the sleeping baby= the baby is sleeping -ing为现在分词(present participle), 现在分词具有形容词或副词的特点, 它主要在句中充当定语、表语、补语及状语非谓语动词–ing用法1. 作主语\表语Keeping the offices clean is her job.保持办公室清洁是她的工作。
(主语) Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持办公室清洁。
(表语)Tom's not having finished his homework made his teacher angry.汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生气.(主语)2. 作宾语,介词宾语动名词常跟在某些动词如enjoy, finish, mind, can't help(禁不住), suggest(建议), advise, consider(考虑), practice , admit, imagine 等以及含介词的短语动词insist on, stop...from, look forward to, pay attention to等后面作宾语。
新视野大学英语读写教程1~4册所有词组总结
be well worth + sth./ doing sth. 值得... ...的not only ...but also ... 不仅... ...而且 ... ... far from 一点都不a couple of 几个get access to 可以使用；获得keep up with 跟上，不落后feel like sth./doing sth. 想做，想要give up 放弃reap the benefits of 获得益处，得到好处come across 偶然遇上trade for 用... ... 换participate in 参加now that 既然reach out to 接触，联系play a role in ... 起 ... ...作用be aware of 对... ...清楚in addition 另外，加之reflect on 深思，考虑，反省allow for 考虑到，顾及，为... ...留出余地blast forth （声音）突然响起来along with 与……一道turn off 关掉burst into 匆匆进入突然爆发over and over 一次次reach for 伸出手以触到或拿到turn up 发现，挖掘发生，出现，到来turn down (收音机等)关小；调低as well as 和，以及，还有as usual 像平常一样turn on 打开,拧开; v. 反对,攻击that much 那么......bolt out 匆匆离开in peace and quiet 平静地make one's blood boil 使（某人）生气get rid of 清除驱赶；消除the knots in one's stomach 不安go too far 走极端drop out of 退出talk over 商量grow up 成长,长大start out 出发make it 成功地做某事even if 即使，虽然subject to 使 ......遭受now that 既然even though 即使，纵然，尽管in some way 以某种方式have a good time 玩得高兴，过的快乐break out 突然开始，爆发逃离on leave 休假see to 照料；务必做到，务须come to 达到某状态now and again 不时地，有时候call for 需求，要求set out 出发for a while 一会儿；有一段时间pay no attention to 不注意，没加注意now and then 不时地，有时候，时时with that 接着，于是on one's way to 在...的途中turn out 结果是，证明为make up one's mind 下决心range from... to... 从... 到... （范围或幅度内）变化focus on 把（注意力等）集中在drive someone crazy 逼得某人发疯，或受不了at one's best 处于最佳状态，在全盛时期communicate with 与......交谈，与......交流lighten up 放松，不要生气take ...seriously 认真地对待某人或某事lack of 缺乏，不足find out 找出；查明actions speak louder than words 行动比言语更响亮；事实胜于雄辩in relation to 有关，关于become /be acquainted with 与... 相识，了解pick up 拾起；捡起in part 在某种程度上；部分account for 作出解释，提出理由，说明be /feel at home 感到无拘束，感到熟悉be content with 对......感到满足a wealth of 大量的，丰富的be infected with 感染（疾病）in place of 代替suffer from 受... ...之苦，患（某种疾病）pass out 分发; 晕倒as a result 因此，结果at risk 有危险，有风险regardless of prep. 不管，无论the solution to ......的解答; 解决（解答）......的办法threaten to do sth. 扬言要...... distract ... from 使分心sign up 报名参加; 签约参加工作（或组织）in haste 匆忙prior to 在......之前make it 成功地做某事start with 从......开始assist (sb. with) sth. 帮助做某事share with 分享be a part of 一部分，一份fill with 充满，装满，盛满define as 界定，定义为mistake for 误当作fill one's need 满足需要bring up 养育；教养save from 保留；抢救；免于make the rounds 串门拜访，四处走动638 go with 同时发生，伴随Who are you to say... ? 你有什么权利说......？你竟敢说.....？boast about 吹牛，吹嘘stay away from 与...保持距离stay at 保留，待在contrary to 与......相反be in for 免不了遭受look down on 蔑视；不赞成call for 需求，要求hold water （指辩论、辩解、理论等）经得起检验，站得住脚face to face (with) 面对面的／地必须面对的，无法回避的pull into （车）停靠；驶向（一旁等）as if 好像attach to 认为有（重要性等）把……附加于rather than 宁可；是...而不是... have mercy on someone 可怜某人get to one's feet 站起来look through 浏览be out of control 失去控制，不听约束eat (away) at 逐渐毁掉，侵蚀be immune to 不受......影响的，对.....有免疫力的believe in 相信......可行，相信......的真实性，信任，信仰be capable of 有......能力做，能做hear of 听说in front of 在...前面at the sight of 一看见sleep on sth. 暂时不作决定，过一晚再作决定a gift from the gods 不期而获又大受欢迎的好处，利益depend on 依赖,依靠,凭借write down 写下；记下来be occupied with 忙于做，专心于seek for 寻找as though 好象，俨然take shape 成型put into 表达at work 在工作arrive at 到达(某地)search for 搜索，寻找fill sb. with sth. 使充满（感情）right away 马上,立刻act upon 依照 ...... 行动come one's way 发生在某人身上，可以被某人利用fall asleep 睡着；入睡take advantage of 利用at once 立即set sth. in motion 使......运转起来back and forth 来回，前后take up 开始，着手做impose on (upon) 强加于work on (upon) 努力做......more and more 越来越......pay for 付款bill for 送交某人账单或罚单start up 开办，开设on average 平均as a result of 由于…而...，作为...的结果aim at 瞄准,针对agree to 同意，允诺，赞成set up 建立，创立，开办lead to 通往；导向cash crop 经济作物birth control 节育open field 旷野in fact 实际上，事实上，确切地说on top of 在…上面work on 从事...,忙于...power line 电力线coordinate one's efforts to 齐心协力clean up 清除；收拾干净up to 至多，多达，直到for instance 例如wash away 冲掉，冲走lead into 通往，通向ups and downs 好运和坏运的交替；盛衰；浮沉work out 算出；制定出；结局，结果为，到最后for a time 暂时，一度meet with 遭遇，受到，经历282 all along 始终，从开始一直have nothing to do with 与……无关，不跟……往来on the surface 表面上，外表上，从表面上看at one's worst 最差的一面learn of 获悉，听说，认识到take care of 照顾，照看come up with 找到；提出（答案、解决方法等）win over 争得（别人的）支持或恩惠from head to toe 从头到脚，浑身上下think of 思考，考虑，对...有特定的想法hold one's breath 屏息proceed to do 继续做，继续进行even though 即使，纵然，尽管put sb. to bed 安臵某人睡觉hit it off 相处得很好at first glance adv. 初看起来；乍看起来as long as 长达live through 经历，经受住dream of 想象，梦想，向往plan on 为……做准备work out 算出；制定出；结局，结果为，到最后depend on 依赖,依靠,凭借hit the target 达到目的，中肯in the event of 如果……发生take on 决定做，承担工作lack of 缺乏，不足take along 带着（某人或某物），带走（某人或某物）to (one's) capacity 满座的，满载的leave behind 留下（某物或某人）from then on 从那时起in turn 依次，逐个地close at hand 近在手边，在附近pick up 拾起；捡起be grateful for 对……感激，对……致谢be dressed in 穿着couple with 联想，并提，和…联系在一起die from 由于（除疾病、感情以外的原因）而死亡lean on 倚，靠pack with 塞进，挤进make a point 提出论点take for granted 认为真实；视为理所当然hold down （使）保持低水平，（使）不增加，（使）不升高attempt to do 试做，尝试，企图along with 与……一道make fun of 嘲笑，奚落stand up to 勇敢面对，经得起，承受得起give in 认输，屈服，投降to some degree 在某种程度上on demand 一经要求turn over a new leaf 悔过自新，洗心革面，重新做人keep on doing 继续做in the end 最后，终于fill out 填写for better or worse 不管结果好坏convey to 表达（思想、感情）；转达attach sth. to sth. 把某物系在、缚在或附在另一物上even so 虽然这样，然而，不过turn down (收音机等)关小；调低blind date （由第三方安排的）男女间初次见面come up to 走近，靠近press for sth. 反复请求，紧急请求be ill at ease 不自在，困窘free from 不具……的，未受危险伤害的be guilty of 对……有罪责take charge of 负责管理，对……负责stick with sth. 坚持; 无法摆脱go to great lengths to do 竭尽全力去做be inappropriate for 不适当的，不合适的act sth. out 表达，发泄（通常在真实生活中为某种目的）表现，扮演speak of sth. 表明，暗示turn out 结果是，证明为turn sb. off （从……）撵走，逐走（某人或某物）tune out 不理会，不睬up to sth. 能做，胜任more or less 几乎，差不多follow one's track 跟着apart from 除开，撇开，除……以外blow one's cover 泄露，暴露669 out of character 不合……个性的turn to sb. 转向（某人），扭向（某人）be out of control 失去控制，不听约束blood pressure 血压blow one's top 大发雷霆stir in one's own juice 受煎熬blow apart 爆炸on one's trail 在……路上cut down 砍倒keep sth. in mind 记住other than 除了on the other hand (在)另一方面suffer from 受... ...之苦，患（某种疾病）to the contrary （表示或证明）相反地burn the midnight oil （学习、工作）到深夜，开夜车at risk 有危险，有风险tend to do sth. 倾向于，易于，往往会rack up 积累，积聚，逐步增加the Stone Age 石器时代fear for 担心，忧虑tie to 使联系在一起；使依附于escape from 逃脱，逃避at work 在工作devote to 把……专用（于）come in 进来；进入put all one's eggs in one basket 孤注一掷according to ad.按照,根据be well off 经济充裕，富裕at a low 处于低水平（或数字）be fond of 喜爱，喜欢be proud of 以…自豪(高兴)arrive at 到达(某地)be meant to do 应做read of 借助阅读发现（或查明）go on strike 举行罢工in the long run 从长远的观点来看；终究，最后the good old days 过去的好时光play (it) safe 稳扎稳打，小心行事whether or not 是否，无论是不是，不管no wonder 不令人吃惊，难怪be happy with 对……感到满意，对……感到愉快civil servant 文职人员，公务员in short 总之，简言之by comparison 比较起来associate with 联合，联系inner city 市中心区，老城区，内城at large 全部，整个protect sb./sth. from sth. 防御，保护grind to a halt （指过程）慢慢停止in general 通常，大体上，一般而言on top 处于领先地位talk of 谈论；提及throw sth. out 扔掉，处理掉某物thumbs up 伸出大拇指表示赞许或接受的手势speak of 谈及，提到，讲到foot the bill 付账in the hope that 怀着……希望keep pace with （与……）同速前进，（与……）并驾齐驱in other words 换句话说，也就是说in the meantime 与此同时hold water （指辩论、辩解、理论等）经得起检验，站得住脚in favor of adj. 有利于call for 需求，要求drain sb. / sth. of sth. 使逐渐耗尽（力量、金钱等）get into （使）被允许进入seek to do sth. 试图做，企图做engage in sth. 从事……participate in 参加push drugs 贩卖毒品on account of 因为keep out 不让...进入drop in 顺便拜访ahead of time （比原定时间）提早on vacation 在度假中，度假a couple of 几个let in 让……进来，使……入内have no intention of doing sth. 没有意图做（某事）on grounds of 出于……的原因get away with sth. 不因某事受惩罚night after night 一夜又一夜地，连夜地no matter what 不论什么drive sb. / sth. off 击退，赶走be sure of sth. 确信会获得，赢得in broad daylight 大白天，光天化日之下carry on 坚持下去；继续下去bring under control 控制，使就范take in 吸入，吞入on the air 开始广播（或电视转播）keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止watch for 留意，当心put out 熄灭mark down 记下来，写下来break (sth.) off （使）折断sink into 陷入（不活跃或不愉快的状态）wanting in sth. 不够，不足expect of 对（某人）有…… 期望，指望（某人做）remain of 从……留下，剩下to bits 成为碎片make for 向…… 前进take sb. in 收留be seized with 被（强烈的感情、愿望等）影响keep on doing (sth.) 继续做go into 开始（某活动）raise a glass to 向... ...祝贺，为... ...干杯turn out 结果是，证明为buy up 全部买进，尽量收购bring … to life 使有活力（或生气）live out 过（某种生活）bring … into court 控告，起诉fall upon dark days 遭到不幸，倒霉stick by sb. 继续支持，忠于（尤指在困难时刻）add on 附加，加上sink … into 投资fix up 修理，修补make … into 使转变为sell sth. at a loss 亏本出售read about 借助阅读发现或查明for one thing （用以列举理由）首先；一in the night 在夜晚，在半夜make an appointment 预约，约会switch on 开come on 来；过来raise the devil 非常生气，大声抱怨check on 检查，核实，调查answer the door 应声开门point (sth.) at 瞄准，对着stare after 目不转睛地追随（某人），以凝视的目光随着（某人）移动lead to 通往；导向bounce back 恢复正常，恢复过来in general 通常，大体上，一般而言up to 至多，多达，直到take in 吸入，吞入at risk 有危险，有风险tip over the edge 引起明显变化；（使）进入另一状态out of breath 呼吸急促，气喘吁吁add sth. to 加，增加，添加throw up 产生，使……突出，匆匆建造go up 上升sum up 概括，总结separate… into 将... ...分为obstacle course 越障训练；（喻）困难重重的事go through 完成，通过in contrast 相比之下apply to 适用于focus on 把（注意力等）集中在engage (oneself) in 从事，忙于point to 指向see sb./sth. as 认为某人或某物prepare sb. for sth. 使做好准备spread (sth.) to （使）传播be willing to do 愿意做某事，不反对做某事spend sth. on sth. / (in) doing sth. 在……上花费时间或金钱be scheduled to do 被安排，定于over protest 在有异议的情况下take responsibility for 对... ...负责任complete with 包括，备有do one's utmost 竭尽全力work out 算出；制定出；结局，结果为，到最后focus (sth.) on （使）集中于kind of 有点，有几分come to grips with 着手解决（问题）对付（挑战）work for 适用于为... ...工作in contrast to 对比，比照in some way 以某种方式be related to 与... ...相关，与... ...有联系distinguish from 与... ...相区别set up 建立，创立，开办fall through 失败，成为泡影owing to 因为，由于press for 反复请求，紧急要求wonder at 对... ...感到惊讶，惊叹lag behind 落后，落在……后面349 in a pinch 必要时exert oneself 努力work on sth. 从事于，致力于be in love with sb. 与……恋爱，相爱approve of sth. 赞成，称许，满意go ahead 继续；进行for sale 出售，待售come up with 找到；提出（答案、解决方法等）rise to fame 成名name after sb. 以某人姓名命名save sb. from 拯救，使免于go against 与... ... 相反，违背run away from 突然离开，逃离turn down (收音机等)关小；调低be suited to 适合于appear on 在...上出现with an eye to 关注be comprised of 由 ... ... 组成dress up 穿上盛装；乔装打扮go out 外出；到外面be influential in 有影响bother with 为 ... ... 操心，为... ... 费心make a living 谋生show up 出席,露面have/keep/with one's feet (planted/set) on the ground 实事求是（的），脚踏实地（的）grow up 成长,长大date back to 始于（某时期）take off （指飞机等）起飞the pit of the stomach 胸口，心窝hang around sth. (使)在……上挂着，（使）围在……上so that 以便；以致reach for 伸出手以触到或拿到feel for （用手、足、棍等）摸索，寻找turn towards 转向bend to 俯向make an attempt to do sth. 尝试，企图go about doing sth. 着手处理，开始做provide for sth. 为可能发生的事做安排pick sb. up 举起，抱起pull up 把... ...拉过来，把... ...拉向前make oneself understood 使他人明白自己的意思，说清楚自己的意思on one's own 单独，独自独立地be dependent on 依赖，依靠treat with 以... ...治疗，用... ...治病go on 继续come along 走吧on the one hand …on the other hand… 一方面... ...另一方面... ...condemn sb. to sth. 使某人做不愿做的事，把某人逼入某种状态take its course 任其自然发展，按常规进行fight off 抵抗，击退，避开be responsible for 对……负有责任in vain 无结果地，无用地come by 努力获得chances are (that…) 可能confront with 使面对（问题、挑战等）die of 死于come down to 归结为，实质上是bar… from 禁止某人做某事watch … for 留意，观察come out of 离开，从... ...出来after all 毕竟attach sth. to sth. 把某物系在、缚在或附在另一物上in addition (to) 加之；除... ...之外at work 在工作put out 熄灭turn off 关掉agree on 就……达成一致意见be busy with 忙于check in 登记，报到make a difference (对某人或物)有影响/起作用compared to/with 跟……相比in other words 换句话说，也就是说in accordance with 依照；与... ...一致be formed from 由……构成，由……做成take to 开始(从事) 喜欢上逃入；躲藏于in terms of 就……而论bring about 使发生out of proportion to sth. 与... ...极不成比例的，大大超过... ...的survive on 靠……活下来，靠……生存so much 这么多（表示未明确指出的数或量）use up 用光，用完，耗尽in harmony with 与……协调一致，与……相配take advantage of 利用hunger for sth. 得到某事物的渴望live with 接受，容忍be ignorant of 不知道，不了解give back 归还take away 拿走；带走go out of style 不再时兴，过时offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供，向某人提出range from … to … 在一定范围内变化或扩展look like 看上去像be left over 剩下来，留下来hold down （使）保持低水平，（使）不增加，（使）不升高account for 作出解释，提出理由，说明go down 下降，降低nothing but 只有，除... ...以外什么也不chase sb./sth. out 驱赶，驱逐work with sb. 与某人共事，与某人协作get a break 交好运，时来运转on sb.'s side 对某人有利；赞同某人的意见long for sth. 渴望，极想the good old days 过去的好时光exclude sb. from 拒绝进入，拒绝接纳for short 简称，缩写behind schedule 比预定计划（时间）晚if not for 要不是have sth. in common 有共同之处die out 消亡；逐渐灭绝drag through （使）缓慢地通过introduce sb. to sth. 使某人了解某物go back to 回溯，追溯by far conj. 到目前为止accuse sb./sth. of 谴责，控告in case 免得，以防a matter of time （某事肯定发生）只是时间问题而已succeed in doing sth. 成功，完成work for 适用于为... ...工作as well (as ) 也，和，除... ...之外within (one's) reach 在伸手能及的范围以内近的；方便到达的come to life 活跃起来，表现生动in the wake of 随着，紧跟着in the first place 首先，一开始fall into 落入，陷入provide for 为... ...提供（所需的某物）break apart 自行裂开in theory 理论上identical to / with 与……一模一样and (so on and) so forth 等等What if … …要是……怎么办bring into the world 生（孩子）with sth. in mind 出于……目的get around 成功地解决，克服refer to 将……称为提及，谈到查阅，询问转送至某人以便得到处理或帮助give birth to sb. / sth. 生(孩子)；产(仔) under the name of 用别名regardless of prep. 不管，无论be concerned about / over 担心，担忧comparable to / with 可与……相比puzzle over 努力思考wonder about 对……好奇；想知道；对……疑惑send into 使处于（某种状态），使变得at the prospect of/that… 当意识到……可能时grow out of 由... ...而生，起因于make sense 有道理，合乎情理；明智turn out (to be) 证实是，原来是on/upon reflection 再考虑后for the sake of sth./doing sth. 为了得到或拥有view as 视为，看作perceive as 视为，当作carry out 进行，实施in the name of 借... ...之名；为... ...目的queue up 排长队stock with 使藏有，使备有stand a chance of 有可能（取得）seek out 找出，搜寻出resign oneself to sth. 只得接受pass on 传递take a chance on 冒险dispose of 摆脱，处理，扔掉make an enquiry into 调查；打听call for 需求，要求be in line for 即将获得，很可能得到under pressure 在压力下，在强力下draw up 写出，制定（使）停住send out 发出，寄出take advice 采纳某人的意见under sb.'s nose 就在... ...面前argue over/about 为……争论，争吵break out 突然开始，爆发逃离just about 几乎，非常接近lead to 通往；导向enter into sth. 开始讨论；着手处理have no bearing on 与……无关end up 结束，告终lay bare 揭示，说出shed/throw/cast light on (使)更容易理解work out 算出；制定出；结局，结果为，到最后store away 收起来，储存，储备insist on/upon 坚决要求坚持认为make no mistake (about sth.) 别弄错了；毫无疑问gain in 得到更多的……make/hit the headlines 成为头条serve as 担任... ...；作... ...用，起... ...作用be related to 与... ...相关，与... ...有联系dozens of 许多，数十个by the time 到...的时候care for 照料,照顾bring about 使发生in particular 特别地，尤其特别的to the point 达到... ...的程度go on to 转入scrape by 勉强维持instead of 代替,而不是...go on 继续on the contrary 恰恰相反，相反地to date 至今，直到现在on display 陈列；展览expand on/upon （对故事、论据等进行）补充from time to time 不时，有时set off 动身，出发；启程; 激起,引起make contact with 接触，联系，结识，会晤take off （指飞机等）起飞search for 搜索，寻找without trace 无影无踪地，了无痕迹地tell of 讲述，述说，告诉go so far as to 说或做到……强烈程度turn up 发现，挖掘发生，出现，到来attribute sth. to 把... ...归因于，把... ...归咎于plug in 插上插头fill with 充满，装满，盛满pop out （使）突然出来，出来一会儿get going （使）开始运行go up 上升load with 满载着ahead of （在空间或时间上）超前，在……前面turn sth. over to sb. 把（某事）交给（某人）处理think of 思考，考虑，对...有特定的想法take sb.'s/sth.'s place 代替go into 开始（某活动）put together 装配，组装force into 迫使进入hang on 坚持抓紧，抓牢hang over （威胁、危险等）临头for the most part 多半，就大多数而言，通常impose one's company / oneself upon sb. 硬缠着某人for my part 就我而言，至于我count upon / on 料想；依靠，指望make a fuss about 对……小题大做，对……大惊小怪run down （使）筋疲力尽；（使）衰退object to 不赞成，反对now and then 不时地，有时候，时时a succession of 一系列，一连串drink in 陶醉于；如饥似渴地倾听yield to 让步于，屈服于subject ... to （常用被动形式）使遭遇（不愉快之事）take offense 生气，见怪consist of 由……组成，由……构成look back on 回顾，回忆if anything 如果有……的话，甚至于还get out of hand 失去控制be based on 基于，以……为根据come apart 破裂，崩溃，解体in conjunction with 连同at will 任意，随便throw in 外加，另外奉送by virtue of 由于go off （闹钟）响声in search of 寻找，寻求better off 比较幸福，更幸运，更自在take out one's anger on sb. 向某人发泄自己的愤怒result in 结果，导致take on 决定做，承担工作in the end 最后，终于cut down 砍倒in rags 穿着破旧衣服的，衣衫褴褛的for good 永久地trip up 绊，绊倒make up 组成，构成come down in the world 落魄潦倒，失势to a / some degree 有些，稍微go along 进行下去，前进in advance 预先，事先find one's way into 来到（某处），进入run for 竞选vote in 投票选出from door to door 挨家挨户地take care of 照顾，照看spy on / upon 监视shut out of 把……排斥在外214 have / get the upper hand 占优势，占（……的）上风，胜过make up 组成，构成break up 驱散，解散tear down 撕下，拆毁in / by contrast 对比之下，相比之下in earnest 认真地be proud of 以…自豪(高兴)lay out 摆出，张开feel like 感觉好像；想要watch over 照顾，看管deliver the goods 履行诺言，不负众望face with 面对drum up 大力争取，大力招揽（顾客）under the table 背地里，私下get / be involved in 卷入，介入，参与deep down 在内心深处，在心底make a fool of sb. 愚弄某人talk back 顶嘴break down 损坏，坏掉get around 成功地解决，克服look into 调查，仔细检查fill out 填写account for 作出解释，提出理由，说明build up 逐步建立，逐步建设go through 完成，通过lend oneself/sth. to 适宜于（某事），有助于（某事），会造成（某结果）convict …of 判决……有罪，使深感有罪，使服罪bear witness to 对……做出证明，表明catch up 赶上load with 满载着switch on 开out of tune 走调hold up 举起，抬起skim the surface 触及表面make use of 使用，利用keep pace with （与……）同速前进，（与……）并驾齐驱lag behind 落后，落在……后面(be) stuck with 无法摆脱，解脱不了a matter of sth. / doing sth. 需要……的问题，需要……的事情choose between 在两者中作出选择date from 始于be stuck in 陷入scratch the surface 触及表面log on to 进入（计算机）系统，登录at one's disposal 供某人使用，由某人支配sign up 报名参加; 签约参加工作（或组织）broadly speaking 一般说来refer to 将……称为提及，谈到查阅，询问转送至某人以便得到处理或帮助be compared to 比作come up with 找到；提出（答案、解决方法等）in the hands of 在……手上，在……掌握之中have access to 享有接近（或进入）……的机会，享有使用……的权利rely on 依靠fall behind 落在…后面；输给别人devote to 把……专用（于）on purpose 故意，特意on the other hand (在)另一方面cast out 赶出，驱逐speak highly of 称赞seek out 找出，搜寻出put on 穿上; vt. 穿上,戴上set forth 启程，动身write down 写下；记下来stretch out 拉长，伸长，伸出fill up 装满，占满stay up late 熬夜rise and fall 涨落，盛衰back up （使）积压，（使）拥塞支持at length 长久地，详尽地in line 排成一行；成直线be fond of 喜爱，喜欢settle down 安静下来，安下心来，适应（或习惯于）新环境after all 毕竟for the time being 暂时，眼下might as well do sth. 最好做某事，不妨做某事strike out 独立闯新路，独立开创get along with 与...相处war over 因……打仗，因……而争吵range from… to 在从……到……范围或幅度内变动或变化turn off 关掉give up on 对……表示绝望before long 不久以后turn up 发现，挖掘发生，出现，到来cut up 切碎end up 结束，告终spring from v. 起源于tear apart 使……分裂resort to 凭借，求助，诉诸in case 免得，以防head off 阻止，拦住on the basis of 在……基础上，根据……原则fill in 把……填进去，把（表格等）填好sum up 概括，总结against all (the) odds 尽管有极大的困难，出乎意料地speed up （使……）加快速度hit upon /on 碰巧想出，忽然想出distinguish between 区分，辨别，分清amount to 实际上，意味着behave oneself 检点（自己的）行为，（使自己）循规蹈矩be caught in 陷入，遭到on the take 受贿square …with 符合，相符crop up （问题等）突然发生，突然出现act out 表演nothing more (…) than 只不过，仅仅是up to scratch 达到标准，合格，处于良好状态be on the wrong end of 承担（……）的不利后果law and order 法律和秩序throw up 产生，使……突出，匆匆建造on duty 值日on sick leave 休病假in favor 赞同，支持derive from 来自，源于，从……中得到wash away 冲掉，冲走lose count of 数不清，不清楚……的确切数目come up to 走近，靠近on the increase 在增长中a way of life 生活方式pay up 付款，还钱stand by 遵守，履行in practice 实际上，事实上，在实践中accuse of 指控，指责in private 私下地，秘密地a fact of life 现实，残酷的事实consist of 由……组成，由……构成in support of 支持，拥护under investigation 正在调查中throw out 抛弃，扔掉，驱除close a deal 完成交易，生意成交carry out 进行，实施take up 开始，着手做make a note of 把（某事）记录下来pick up 拾起；捡起have a head start 有先起步的优势，领先in question 谈论中的，考虑之中的pass on 传递step by step 一步步，逐渐地have an advantage over 比……处于有利地位，比……有优势to date 至今，直到现在nothing less than 简直是，同……一点也不差serve as 担任... ...；作... ...用，起... ...作用be confined to 限制于，局限于as of/from 从……时候起in effect adv. 实质上，实际上adapt to （改变……）使适应in combination with 与……合作，共同shed /throw light on 使（某事）更为清楚，阐明（某事）be descended from 为……的后裔，是……的后人up to 至多，多达，直到peer at 仔细看，凝视in passing 顺便break off 突然终止，中断in that conj. 既然，因为give of (one's money / time，etc.) 给，提供，献出disapprove of 不赞同，不喜欢belong to 属于at one's elbow 在（某人）手边，在（某人）近旁pay a/ the price for 为……付出代价in the main 基本上，大体上prop up 支撑，支持in company with 与……一起more or less 几乎，差不多spring up 迅速或突然的出现，发生，长出out of nowhere 不知打哪儿来，突然冒出来look into 调查，仔细检查go out of one's way 特别费心（作某事），千方百计so far 到现在为止in response to 作为对……的答复，作为对……的反应focus on 把（注意力等）集中在in a flash 转眼间，一眨眼beat back 击退，逐回pour out 倾吐，诉说have /be to do with 和……有关系when it comes to sth. 当涉及到，当谈到attach to 认为有（重要性等把……附加于on the surface 表面上，外表上，从表面上看702 interact with 互相交流，互相影响703 if… then… 如果……，那么就……do the trick 有效，达到目的in no way 决不，无论如何不in particular 特别地，尤其特别的be tied up with 与……有密切关系，与……有联系gear up （使）准备好，作好安排warn against 告诫，提醒（某人）以防备（……的危险等）react to （对……）作出反应be superior to 优于on a /an… basis 以……方式in the long term 从长远来说，长期来说hang over （威胁、危险等）临头，笼罩，迫近account for 作出解释，提出理由，说明in line with 与……一致，符合，按照shave off 剃（胡须、毛发等）take sb. to court 对某人提出起诉put before 认为……比……更重要for all 尽管come into 开始进入（某种活动或状make a contribution to 贡献给；捐赠sort through 整理，捡出aim at 瞄准,针对on purpose 故意，特意in the act of doing (sth.) 正在做某事时760 take note of 注意，注意到set aside v. 忽略reflect on/upon 思考，考虑，沉思pull away from 使脱身，使脱离keep at 继续做，坚持干at first glance adv. 初看起来；乍看起来have authority over 对……有控制能力，对……有管辖权substitute for 替代，用……来代替break out 突然开始，爆发逃离be blessed with 有幸得到，具有count for 值，计。
新视野1语法知识2
定语从句定语从句主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词，常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面，中间往往有一个关系词（关系代词或关系副词）将其前后两部分联系成一个整体。
three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack三种意味着一个人是患有惊恐症而不是心脏病的迹象在这个带有定语从句的名词短语中：signs是：被修饰的名词；that是：关系词；that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack是定语从句定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下：被修饰的名词("先行词") / 代词 + 关系词 + 句子定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词。
(一)关系代词1）关系代词：who , whom , whose , which , that 等。
who "表示人"，在从句中作主语。
例如：I have no idea about the man who wrote the article.我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。
The little boy who is singing there can recite quite a number of Chinese poems .whom "表示人"，在从句中作宾语。
例如：Who is the girl whom you talked to just now ?刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是谁？Yesterday, I happened to meet, in the shopping center , the professor whom I got to know at a party .昨天在购物中心，我碰巧遇见了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。
大一新视野大学英语知识点
大一新视野大学英语知识点新视野大学英语是中国高校普遍采用的一套教材，涵盖了大量的英语知识点，从基础语法到高级阅读都有涉及。
本文将以大一新视野大学英语中的知识点为主题，进行整理和介绍。
1. 语法知识点1.1 时态和语态：英语中时态和语态是表达动作和状态的重要方式，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来时、被动语态等。
1.2 名词和代词：介绍名词的单复数形式、可数与不可数名词、物主代词、反身代词等。
1.3 形容词和副词：细分形容词和副词的用法，如比较级和最高级、修饰物体和人的不同用法等。
1.4 介词和连词：介绍在句子中连接词组和从句的作用，包括常见的介词和连词的用法和搭配。
1.5 动词和动词短语：详细介绍英语中各类动词的用法，如实义动词、情态动词、不定式和动名词等。
2. 句子结构2.1 主谓结构：介绍句子的基本结构，即主语和谓语的构成和使用方法。
2.2 并列句和复合句：分别介绍并列句和复合句的构成和变化，以及使用方法。
2.3 简单句和复杂句：详细解释简单句和复杂句的概念和特点，提供例句进行说明。
3. 阅读和理解3.1 阅读技巧：指导学生如何提高阅读速度和理解能力，包括快速扫读和细节理解的方法。
3.2 阅读题型：介绍常见的阅读题型，如主旨题、细节题、推断题等，并提供解题技巧。
3.3 阅读材料：选取适合初级英语学习者的短文进行解析和阐释，帮助学生更好地理解文本。
4. 写作技巧4.1 写作结构：介绍论述文、说明文和议论文的基本结构，包括引言、主体和结论的写作方法。
4.2 写作素材：提供常见的写作话题，如环境保护、科技进步等，帮助学生扩展词汇和表达能力。
4.3 写作表达：指导学生如何运用各类句型和连接词，使文章结构紧凑、观点清晰。
5. 听力技巧5.1 听力材料：选取适合初级英语学习者的听力材料，包括对话和短文，提供听力练习的机会。
5.2 听力策略：介绍听力时的注意事项和技巧，如预测信息、精听关键词等。
新视野大学英语1【语言学习要点】
新视野大学英语1【语言学习要点】新视野大学英语1Unit 1 Learning a Foreign Language (2)Unit 2 A Busy Weekday Morning (5)Unit 3 A Good Heart to Lean on (10)Unit 4 How to Make a Good Impression (15)Unit 5 Battle Against AIDS (23)Unit 7 Face to Face with Guns (24)Unit 10 Being Honest and Open (28)Unit 1 Learning a Foreign LanguageI. Language PointsA：Expressions:1. to be well worth the effort2. to be at the top of the class3. to lose the desire to say anything in English4. to be far from perfect5. to stay at the same level forever6.to get access to the necessary equipment7. to keep up with the flow of the course8. to meet the minimum standards set by the course9. to cry with frustration10. to feel like giving up11. to reap the benefits of hard work12. not to trade sth for anything13. to teach me the value of hard work14. to give me insights into another culture15. to keep my mind open to new ways of seeing things16. to bridge the gap between different cultures Examples:1. to be well worth the effort (L. 3) 很值得去努力Not everything in life is well worth our risk. (生活中并非一切都值得我们去冒险。
新视野大学英语全四册语法句型结构总结(全)
BOOK 1UNIT 1●While…,…“while”引导的状语从句与主句的意思相反●Not only …, but also…“not only”位于句首，因含有否定意义“not”, not only引导的句子应该用部分倒装，but also 引导的句子语序不变UNIT 2●… as… / As…,…. “as”引导的时间状语从句，表示从句与从句的动作在同一时间发生。
●While + V-ing…,…. “while”引导的时间状语从句中主句的主语与从句的主语一致时，如果从句中的谓语动词与主句的主语表主动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ing形式。
UNIT 3●Even though/Even if/ Although…,…… even though/even if/although…“即使”让步状语从句●非谓语动词V-ed & V-ing 的一种用法: 连词引导的状语从句中主句的主语与从句的主语一致时，省略从句的主语，如果从句中的谓语动词与主句的主语表主动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ing形式。
如果从句中的谓语动词与主句的主语表被动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ed形式。
Conjunction + V-ing(与主语是主动关系)…, Subject (主语) + V …状语从句主句Conjunction + V-ed(与主语是被动关系)…, Subject (主语) + V…状语从句主句UNIT 4●非谓语动词V-ed & V-ing 的一种用法: 连词引导的状语从句中主句的主语与从句的主语一致时，省略从句的主语，如果从句中的谓语动词与主句的主语表主动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ing形式。
如果从句中的谓语动词与主句的主语表被动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ed形式。
连词可以省略。
V-ing(与主语是主动关系)…, Subject (主语) + V …V-ed(与主语是被动关系)…, Subject (主语) + V…Subject (主语) + V …，v-ing(与主语是主动关系)…,Subject (主语) + V…，v-ed(与主语是被动关系)…,●…so…(that)…UNIT 5●定语从句（Attributive Clause）●Despite / In spite of/ Regardless of …, … (“尽管” Despite后跟名词或名词性短语)UNIT 6●So/ Nor/ Neither 引导的部分倒装的省略句。
新视野大学英语1-4册课后短语完整版
Phrase1.At times有时，偶尔2.Be worth sth/doing sth.值得…的3.Not only…but also…不仅…而且…4.Far away=not …at all ;rather than 一点都不5. A couple of=two=a small number of 两个；一些；几个6.Get/have/obtain access to. 有享用权7.Participate in=take part In. 参加8.Keep up with=keep the same speed as. 赶上不落后9.Feel like sth./doing sth. 想要想做10.Give up 停止放弃11.Think out 仔细考虑；推敲；琢磨e across 偶然遇到；偶然发现13.Reap the benefit(s) 得到益处，得到好处14.Trade for=exchange for 用..换15.Give sb. Insight(s) into 深刻理解16.Now that 既然，由于17.Instead of 而不是，代替18.Reach out to 接触，联系19.Play a role 起作用；扮演一个角色20.be/become aware of 认识到；知道，发觉到21.in addition 另外；加之22.reflect on 深思，考虑23.speak up 说出意见和看法；大声说24.be finished with 做完，完成25.allow for 为..留出余地；考虑到26.on sb.’s part/on the part of sb. 某人所做的；就某人而言27.catch up (with) 赶上追上28.remind sb. of sh. 使想起；提醒29.along with=together with 一起；一道30.turn off 关闭31.burst into 闯入；突然开始32.over and over 一再，反复33.reach for 伸手去摸。
新视野大学英语(第三版)Book3-Unit1-知识点总结
Book 3 Unit 1 教材总结Text A一、单词1. deviate vi. 背离；偏离2. preclude vt. 阻碍；阻止；妨碍3. premier a. 最好的；最大的；最重要的n. [C] a prime minister 首相；总理4. whereby ad. 凭那个；借以5. civic a. 1公民的；市民的2城镇的；城市的6. patriotic a. 爱国的；有爱国心的7. clear-cut a. 明确的；清楚的8. inhibit vt. 阻碍；妨碍；抑制9. scholarly a. 1 博学的；学问精深的2学者的；学术的10. idiot n. [C]笨蛋；傻子11. bypass vt. 1（做某事时）避开，越过（某人）2绕过；绕…走12. persecution n. [C, U]（尤指因种族、宗教或政治信仰而进行的）迫害，残害13. misfortune n. 1 [C]不幸的事；灾难 2 [U]厄运；不幸14. glamor n. [U] 魅力；吸引力15. glamorous a. 极富魅力的；非常吸引人的16. tragic a. 可悲的；悲惨的；不幸的；悲剧性的17. spur n. [C]刺激；激励；鞭策；鼓舞vt. 1 encourage sb. to do sth. 刺激；激励；鞭策；鼓舞 2 cause sth. to happen 使发生18. optimism n. [U]乐观；乐观主义19. dedication n. [U] 奉献；献身20. commend vt. 1 praise sb. or sth. formally or publicly （正式或公开）表扬，称赞，表彰2 tell sb. that a person or thing is good, useful, or suitable 推荐21. uphold vt. 支持；拥护；维护22. endeavor n. [C, U] 努力；尽力vi. (~ to do sth.) try very hard to do sth. 努力做（某事）；尽力做（某事）23. statesman n. [C]政治家24. diligent a. 勤奋的；用功的25. pursuit n. [U]追求；寻求26. ranch n. [C]大牧场27. prestige n. [U]声望；名望；威信（enjoy a great~）28. circuit[C] 1（与某种活动相关的人）定期前往的一系列场所2电路；回路；线路3环形路线29. unprecedented a. 1前所未有的；史无前例的 2 （大小、数量、程度等）前所未知的，空前的30. nominate vt. 提名；推荐31. appoint vt. 1任命；委派；指派 2 确定，指定，约定（时间或地点）32. abortion n. [C]人工流产；堕胎33. expend vt. 花费；消耗；支出34. threat n. 1 [C, U] 危害；威胁 2 [C] 恐吓；威胁35. inward a. 1内心的；精神的 2 向内的；向中心的；内部的36. robust a. 1坚定的；强硬的2（人）强壮的，强健的37. maintain vt. 保持；维持38. slack vi. 偷懒；逃避工作 a. 1松弛的；不紧的 2 松懈的；懈怠的；疏忽的39. transcend vt. 超越，摆脱（消极的态度、思想或情绪）40. handicap n. [C] 1障碍；不利条件2（身体或智力的）缺陷，残疾（该词现在被认为具冒犯义）41. feat n. [C]技艺；业绩；功绩二、词组1. remove sth. / sb. from sth.移开；拿开；去掉；从…机构开除2. deviate from sth.背离；偏离；违背3. preclude sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事；妨碍某人做某事4. write sb. / sth. off认定…失败（或没有价值、不可救药等）5. fail in sth.做…失败；未能做到…6. triumph over打败；战胜；成功7. in (the) pursuit of sth.在追求…的过程中；在寻求…的过程中8. work one's way to / through / into（通过努力）逐步达到9. act as充当；起作用10. fall down不足；不够好Text B一、单词1. stricken—~（与某些名词连用）受…侵袭的poverty-stricken areas贫困地区a. 1患病的；受伤的2罹难的；受侵害的；受灾的；遭损失的2. prospective a. (only before noun) 1可能发生的；预期的2可能的；有希望的3. destined a. (never before noun) 1注定的；肯定的 2 (~ for)指定的；预定的4. jockey n. 操作者5. celebrity n. 1 [C]（尤指娱乐界、体育界的）名人，名流 2 [U]出名；著名6. indulge v. （使）（自己）沉湎于；（让自己）享受一下indulge oneself in…让自己沉溺于…7. masterpiece n. [C] 1杰作；名著；大作2典范8. aggravate vt. 1激怒；惹恼2使（尤指局势或病情）恶化；加剧9. scorn vt. 看不起；鄙视n. [U]轻蔑；鄙视10. nonetheless ad. 然而；不过11. renowned a. 有名望的；著名的12. enterprise n. [C] 1（尤指全新或不同的）事业，计划2企业；公司；事业单位13. layout n. [C] 陈设；布局；安排14. dubious a. 1无把握的；怀疑的2令人怀疑的；不确定的；靠不住的15. straw n. 1 [U] （干燥的）麦秆，稻草，禾杆 2 [C]（喝饮料用的）吸管16. expertise n. [U] （从经历、培训或学习中得来的）特殊技能，专门知识17. blunt a. （言语）率直的，直言不讳的，直截了当的18. bust n. (infml.) (mainly AmE) a complete failure 彻底的失败19. adore vt. 疼爱；爱慕；崇拜20. persuasive a. 有说服力的；能使人信服的21. cater v. 1 (~ to / for) 满足，迎合（某群人的需要）2（为…）提供饮食，承办酒席The restaurant is capable of catering food for several hundred people. 这个饭店能为数百人提供饮食。
新视野大一英语知识点
新视野大一英语知识点作为一本广泛应用于大一英语教学的教材，《新视野大一英语》涵盖了许多重要的英语知识点。
通过系统的学习，学生们将会掌握英语听、说、读、写的基本技能。
本文将围绕《新视野大一英语》教材中的重点知识点展开讨论。
一、语法知识点1. 时态与语态：《新视野大一英语》涵盖了英语中常见的各种时态和语态，如一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时等。
学生们需要学会正确使用这些时态和语态来表达不同的含义和时间概念。
2. 动词的用法：本教材中详细介绍了英语中各类动词的用法，包括不及物动词、及物动词、谓语动词、系动词等。
学生们需要正确理解并熟练运用这些动词，以便准确表达自己的意思。
3. 名词的用法：教材中介绍了英语中的可数名词、不可数名词，以及它们的复数形式和形容词修饰等知识点。
这些知识对于学生们的句子构建和表达准确性至关重要。
4. 代词和指示代词：《新视野大一英语》中对代词和指示代词的用法进行了详细的介绍，学生们需要学会使用这些代词来避免重复使用名词，同时还需要理解指示代词的具体指向。
二、阅读技巧与策略1. 快速阅读技巧：学习如何快速浏览一篇英文文章，掌握文章的主要内容和结构，并快速获取关键信息。
2. 阅读理解策略：通过教材中的阅读理解部分，学习如何精确理解英文文章，找出关键信息和主旨，提高阅读理解能力。
3. 词汇拓展：教材中的阅读部分包含了大量的生词和短语，学生们需要通过上下文推断词义，积累并拓展词汇量。
三、听力技巧1. 听取关键信息：教材中的听力材料包含了各种场景和对话，学生们需要通过倾听并区分信息的重要程度，准确捕捉关键信息。
2. 笔记记录：学生们需要学会在听力过程中做笔记，以帮助记忆并理解听到的内容。
四、口语表达与写作技巧1. 口语表达：教材中的口语部分提供了丰富多样的对话和问题，学生们可以通过模仿和练习来提高口语表达能力，包括正确的语音语调、流畅的口语表达等。
2. 写作技巧：教材中的写作部分给出了写作的指导和范文，学生们可以通过学习这些写作技巧和模板来提高英语写作水平。
大一英语新视野知识点汇总
大一英语新视野知识点汇总在大一的英语学习中，掌握并运用好新视野教材中的知识点对于提升英语水平至关重要。
下面将结合各个单元的重点内容，对新视野教材中的知识点进行汇总，帮助大家更好地学习和理解。
第一单元：学术生活1. 介绍自己和他人在学术生活中，我们经常需要介绍自己和他人。
在介绍自己时，可以使用表达个人信息如姓名、年龄、爱好等的句子结构。
同时，在介绍他人时，可以运用一般现在时和人称代词的用法。
2. 职业规划学术生活中，了解职业规划是非常重要的。
学习如何描述理想职业、职业要求以及个人适合的职业类型等知识，有助于我们制定个人发展计划并更好地规划未来。
3. 学术讨论与辩论在学术生活中，我们经常需要进行学术讨论和辩论。
掌握关于表达观点、提出建议和反驳等方面的表达方法，可以帮助我们更好地参与到学术交流中，提高自己的表达能力。
第二单元：大学教育1. 学校设施和服务在大学教育中，学校的设施和服务对于学生的学习和生活起着重要的作用。
学习如何询问和提供相关信息，比如教室、图书馆、体育馆、餐厅等的位置和开放时间，对于适应大学环境很有帮助。
2. 学习技巧与方法大学教育中，学习技巧和方法的掌握对于学习效果至关重要。
了解如何制定学习计划、使用学习资源以及运用各种学习策略等，可以帮助我们更高效地学习和掌握知识。
3. 使用电子设备和网络大学教育中，电子设备和网络的使用已经成为了学习和生活的一部分。
学习如何使用电子设备、浏览网页、发送电子邮件等基本操作，能够更好地与他人进行沟通和信息交流。
第三单元：国际交流1. 旅行与交通方式国际交流中，旅行和交通方式的选择是重要的。
学习如何询问和提供关于旅行计划、交通工具选择和出行路线等方面的信息，对于国际交流者的日常生活和出行都非常实用。
2. 文化差异与适应在国际交流中，了解不同文化之间的差异是必要的。
学习如何描述和比较不同国家或地区的文化、饮食、习俗等，有助于我们更好地适应和融入到国际环境中。
大一新视野英语语法知识点
大一新视野英语语法知识点1. 介词介词是连接名词短语或代词短语与其他词或短语的词类。
英语中常见的介词有in、on、at、by、with等。
例如：- I live in a small town.（我住在一个小镇上。
）- She is sitting on the chair.（她正坐在椅子上。
）- He went to school by bus.（他乘公交车去学校。
）2. 助动词助动词用于构成时态、语态、情态等，常见的助动词有be、do、have等。
例如：- I am studying English.（我正在学习英语。
）- Does she like reading?（她喜欢阅读吗？）- They have finished their homework.（他们已经完成了作业。
）3. 直接引语与间接引语直接引语是将别人的原话直接引用，需要用引号引起来。
间接引语则是将别人的原话转述，不需要引号。
例如：- He said, "I love you."（他说：“我爱你。
”）- She told me that she loved me.（她告诉我她爱我。
）4. 被动语态被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，常常由助动词be和及物动词的过去分词构成。
例如：- The book was written by Mark Twain.（这本书是马克·吐温写的。
）- The cake has been eaten by someone.（蛋糕已经被某人吃掉了。
）5. 并列句并列句由两个或多个相互独立的句子通过连词连接而成，连接词包括and、but、or等。
例如：- I like to read, and my brother likes to play sports.（我喜欢阅读，而我弟弟喜欢运动。
）- She is not here, but I will leave her a message.（她不在这里，但我会给她留个言。
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BOOK 1UNIT 1●While…,… “while”引导的状语从句与主句的意思相反●Not only …, but also… “not only”位于句首，因含有否定意义“not”, not only引导的句子应该用部分倒装，but also 引导的句子语序不变UNIT 2●… as…/ As…,…. “as”引导的时间状语从句，表示从句与从句的动作在同一时间发生。
●While + V-ing…,…. “while”引导的时间状语从句中主句的主语与从句的主语一致时，如果从句中的谓语动词与主句的主语表主动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ing形式。
UNIT 3●Even though/Even if/ Although…,…… even though/even if/although… “即使”让步状语从句●非谓语动词V-ed & V-ing 的一种用法: 连词引导的状语从句中主句的主语与从句的主语一致时，省略从句的主语，如果从句中的谓语动词与主句的主语表主动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ing形式。
如果从句中的谓语动词与主句的主语表被动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ed形式。
Conjunction + V-ing(与主语是主动关系)…, Subject (主语) + V …状语从句主句Conjunction + V-ed(与主语是被动关系)…, Subject (主语) + V…状语从句主句UNIT 4●非谓语动词V-ed & V-ing 的一种用法: 连词引导的状语从句中主句的主语与从句的主语一致时，省略从句的主语，如果从句中的谓语动词与主句的主语表主动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ing形式。
如果从句中的谓语动词与主句的主语表被动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ed形式。
连词可以省略。
V-ing(与主语是主动关系)…, Subject (主语) + V …V-ed(与主语是被动关系)…, Subject (主语) + V…Subject (主语) + V …，v-ing(与主语是主动关系)…,Subject (主语) + V…，v-ed(与主语是被动关系)…,●…so…(that)…UNIT 5●定语从句（Attributive Clause）●Despite / In spite of/ Regardless of …, … (“尽管” Despite后跟名词或名词性短语)UNIT 6●So/ Nor/ Neither 引导的部分倒装的省略句。
（So表示“也”，Nor/ Neither “也不”。
）●Even if/ even though / althoughUNIT 7●“have + object (宾语) + V-ed ”宾语与V是被动关系●rather than 引导并列结构“而不是”UNIT 8●定语从句（Attributive Clause）●The more…, the more…UNIT 9●If 引导的条件句中的谓语情态动词为should 的倒装结构，省略if, 将should放于句首，从句中其他成分语序不发生变化，主句语序没有变化。
●instead of “而不”UNIT 10●状语从句（Adverbial Clause）●what 引导的名词性从句（Noun Clause）(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)BOOK 2UNIT 1●…, much less… (“更不用说”部分倒装)●…, whereas…(从句与主句意思相反)UNIT 2●…despite/ in spite of/ regardless of … (后跟名词或名词性短语)●… , neither/ nor …(“也不”部分倒装)UNIT 3●… not/ never too… to… (“再怎么…也得…”)●An appositional structure (同位语成分)UNIT 4●“it” 引导的形式主语●s o/ as long as… (只要)UNIT 5●“which”引导的定语从句●… so …that…UNIT 6●As A is (to B), so is C (to D).●“V-ing” participle clause with a conjunction (连词加动词-ing形式的状语从句：从句与主句主语一致，省略从句主语，从句谓语动词与主句主语表主动关系，用谓语动词-ing形式)UNIT 7●…., in addition to other things / among other things (“除了其他事情之外”)●The more…, the more…UNIT 8●含否定意义的词或短语（如On no account, Little, Not until, Hardly, Under no circumstances）位于句首所引导的部分倒装●While/ Although…, …UNIT 9●…, even if/ even though… (即使)●The more…, the more…UNIT 10●…, as though/ as if …a s ubjunctive mood… (“好像”条件句中的事件明显不真实，那条件句中应该使用虚拟语气)●“whichever + n + V….” whichever引导的名词性从句在主句中做主语、表语、宾语、同位语，whichever不能换为no matter whichBOOK 3UNIT 1●no matter how/ who/ what/ where/ which/ whether, ect. 让步状语从句“无论”●Just as …, … Just as 引导的状语从句，“正如”UNIT 2●同位语(An appositional)●独立主格结构（An Absolute Structure）连词引导的状语从句中主句的主语与从句的主语不一致时，省略从句的连词，如果从句中的谓语动词与从句的主语表主动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ing形式；如果从句中的谓语动词与从句的主语表被动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ed形式。
UNIT 3●As 引导的并列句“正如”“in the way that” “in the manner that” “like”●Once…,… once 作为连词引导的时间状语从句“一旦” “from the momentthat”UNIT 4●独立主格结构●“连词+介词短语”结构“conjunction + prepositional phrase”UNIT 5●Not untill 引导的时间状语位于句首时，主句部分倒装：“Not untill 从句主语+从句谓语… +主句谓语动词的助动词/ 主句系动词/主句情态动词+ 主句主语+ 之后的语序不变化”●非谓语动词V-ing 的做状语的用法: 连词引导的状语从句中主句的主语与从句的主语一致时，省略连词、省略从句的主语，如果从句中的谓语动词与主句的主语表主动关系，将从句的谓语动词变为动词-ing形式。
V-ing(与主语是主动关系)…, Subject (主语) + V …状语Subject (主语) + V …，v-ing(与主语是主动关系)…,状语UNIT 6●…so that…“这样”●…, which… which 引导的非限定性定语从句UNIT 7●As to + 名词/名词性短语/名词性从句, … “至于”●There/ It is no use (point, sense,ect) (in) doing …UNIT 8●What if…? “如果…呢？”●with + n. + prepositional phraseUNIT 9●while●含否定意义的词或短语位于句首所引导的部分倒装UNIT 10●Whatever，whoever, whichever, wherever, however引导的让步状语从句，可以替换为no matter what/ who/ which / where/ how, ect.●将“If -c lause”改写为由“and” 连接的两个句字中的第一个句子，一般为祈使句（表条件），第二个句子是第一个句子的结果。
BOOK 4UNIT 1●… not…other than… “other than”表“除了”●would/ need/should/might/must have doneUNIT 2●if 引导的与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构●it 作为形式主语UNIT 3●be + V-ed + to 注意语态和时态，尤其是to 后的语态和时态“to be adj.” “todo” “to be done” “to have done” “to have been done”●V + to do / V + doingUNIT 4●rather than “而不是”引导并列成分●倍数表达“twice as…as” “three times as …as”UNIT 5●…not/never so … as.. “不如”●Sb. Might as well do sth. “might as well” “不防”UNIT 6●It is + adj. +to do / that clause●Suppose 作为连词引导的条件从句，表“如果”UNIT 7●“more than” 后跟一个名词或形容词，表“not only” “having greater value orimportance than something esle”●“nothing less than”后跟一个名词或形容词，强调“how surprising or importantsth. is”UNIT 8●“mind ”表“object to” “dislike” “be annoyed by”,后跟“if-clause”“V-ing”●no 作为限定词，后加名词单数或复数，位于句首，表示“not a” “not any”UNIT 9●for all + noun phrase 表示“despite” “尽管”●rather than 作为连词连接并列成分UNIT 10●no matter who/ what/ which/ when/how/ where, ect. 让步状语从句“无论”●so…that...位于句首用部分倒装“So adj/ adv + 部分倒装”。