American Presidents
American presidents
我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的:人人生而平等,造 物主赋予他们若干不可转让的权利,其中包括生命权自由 权和追求幸福的权利。
Abraham Lincoln & American Civil War
• February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 to 1865. He s uccessfully led his country t hrough a great constitutional, military and moral crisis – the American Civil War – pre serving the Union, while endi ng slavery, and promoting eco -nomic and financial moderniz ation.
Nixon
Which president had an affair with film star Marilyn Monroe
Kennedy
Who was tr
Which president remained the longest presidency?
George Washington represents the struggle for independence, Thomas Jefferson the idea of government by the people. Abraham Lincoln for his ideas on equality and the permanent union of the states, and Theodore Roosevelt for the 20th century role of the United States in world affairs.
美国总统罗斯福简介(英文)
• 1908: He worked as a clerk for a Wall Street firm.
• 1921: He fell ill and became paralyzed（瘫痪） from his waist down.
Early political career
State Senator 州参议员（1910） Assistant Secretary of the Navy 海军助理国务卿（1913） Campaign for Vice-President 副总统竞选（1920） Governor of New York 纽约州长（1929-1932） Presidential election 总统大选 （1932）
First Term of Presidency(1933–1937) First Presidential Election: 1932
Great Depression(1929-1933)
The Great Depression had devastating effects in this country .
wants Roosevelt!
World War Ⅱ
Roosevelt secured a declaration of war against Japan after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.
Roosevelt launched major legislation and a profusion of executive orders that gave form to the New Deal—a complex set of programs designed to produce relief (especially government jobs for the unemployed), recovery (of the economy), and reform (through regulation of Wall Street, banks and transportation)
美国历届总统介绍英文版课件
1881 18811885
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19011909 19091913 19131921 19211923
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Abraham
31
Lincoln
Andrew Johnson
Ulysses
? Grant
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Rutherf
Jackson
Martin
VanBure
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William
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Harriso
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Tyler
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James ? Polk
Zachary
Taylor
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Millard
Fillmor
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e
Frankli
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Pierce
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James ?
Buchana
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18611865 18651869 18691877
? The American Revolution
Thomas Jefferson
? The third president of the United States
? A polymath ( horticulturist, statesman, architect, archeologist, author, inventor, and founder of the University of Virginia )
? The principal author of the Declaration of Independence
美国历届总统（Presidents of the United States）
美国历届总统（Presidents of the United States）.乔治·华盛顿george washington (1789 - 1797) 美国开国元勋, 领导美国人民赢得独立, 制订宪法, 创建国家, 担任首任总统, 公众尊称他为 "国父" 、 "摩西第二.2.约翰·亚当斯john adams (1797 - 1801) 极力赞成13州宣布独立, 并积极参与起草和领导辩论而通过独立宣言, 公众尊称他为 "独立擎天柱" 、 "革命建筑师.3.托马斯·杰弗逊thomas jefferson (1801 - 1809) 他参与起草独立宣言, 当选总统之后, 坚信个人权力和自由, 把民主政治向前推进一大步, 公众尊称他为 "革命斗士" 、 "民主巨擘.4.詹姆斯·麦迪逊james madison (1809 - 1817) 他对宪法制定、通过、批准尽力最多, 公众尊称他为 "宪法之父.monroe (1817 - 1825) 5.詹姆斯·门罗james 他是革命战争年代最后一位任总统的人, 人们尊称他为 "革命先贤最后一人.6.约翰·昆西·亚当斯john quincy adams (1825 - 1829) 他是一个道德和生活都很严谨的人, 人们称其为 "清教徒.7.安德鲁·杰克逊andrew jackson 1829-1837) 他在战争中立下汗马功劳, 在新奥尔良之役打败英军, 成为举国闻名的英雄, 当选总统后, 具有领袖魅力, 深受人民爱戴, 被公众尊称为 "老英雄" 和"人民的总统.8.马丁·范布伦martin van buren (1837 - 1905) 他从当纽约州长到协助杰克逊当选总统并出任国务卿, 进而当副总统、总统, 人称 "小大人物 (身高1.67米左右) 、" 老练政客.9.威廉·亨利·哈里森william h. harrison (1841) 1811年, 他在印第安纳州打败肖尼印第安人, 人称 "提帕卡农英雄".他不久即患肺炎, 在他宣誓就职后1个月即告去世10.约翰·泰勒john tyler (1841 - 1845)11.詹姆斯·k·波尔克james k. polk (1845 - 1849) 他是美国政治历史上第一匹 "黑马" 总统候选人, 任职期间孜孜不倦, 人称 "黑马波尔克" 、 "辛苦工作的波尔克.12.扎卡里·泰勒zachary taylor (1949 - 1850) 他军旅生涯40年, 屡建奇功, 人称他当总统 "老粗而管用.13.米勒德·菲尔莫尔millard (1850, 1853).14.富兰克林·皮尔斯franklin pierce (1853 - 1857) 他因容貌英俊, 被人称为 "美男子富兰克林.15.詹姆斯·布坎南james buchanan (1857 - 1861) 他终生未娶, 人称 "老光棍.16.亚伯拉罕·林肯abraham lincoln (1861-1865) 他不矫揉造作, 说话、办事老实.1863年发布奴隶解放令, 公众尊称他为 "诚实的老亚伯" 和 "伟大的解放者".他在连任期内遇刺身亡17.安德鲁·约翰逊andrew johnson (1865 - 1869)18.尤利塞斯·s·格兰特ulysses s. grant (1869 - 1877) 每战必胜, 公众称他为 "无敌尤利西斯, 又因他接受李将军投降, 结束4年内战, 被称为" 阿波麦托克斯英雄.19.拉瑟福德·b·海斯rutherford b. hayes (1877 - 1881) 内战期间, 他表现勇敢, 数次受伤, 人称 "勇敢的拉塞福德.20.詹姆斯·a·加菲尔德james a. garfield (1881) 他遵母命奋发读书当了总统, 人称 "运河少年郎总统".于1881年7月2日被一位曾经申请领事职务未获批准的失业者吉托开枪击中, 同年9月去世.21.切斯特·a·阿瑟chester. arthur (1881 - 1885) 任内款待宾客有术, 被华府社交界称为 "好客巨子.22.格罗弗·克利夫兰grover cleveland (1885 - 1889) 他公、私均极诚实, 人称 "好人格罗夫, 又因在第一任4年行使414次否决权, 超过从华盛顿到阿瑟21位前总统行使总和的两倍有余, 人们戏称他为" 否决总统.23.本杰明·哈里森 (1889 - 1893) 他因维护退伍军人权益而获 "军人之友" 的美称.24.格罗弗·克利夫兰grover cleveland (1893 - 1897)25.威廉·麦金莱william mckinley (1897-1901) 他在总统任期间, 使经济复苏, 国家繁荣.The increase in worker income calls him "the pioneer of prosperity" and "the best friend of the workers"". The following year, when he attended the Pan American exposition, he was shot by an anarchist, Joel Ghosh, who died the same year.26. Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt (1901 - 1909) he was the Spanish American War and outstanding military exploits, was called "San Juan Hill hero".27. William H Taft William H. Taft (1909 - 1913) he is a cheerful, and who are good people, people called him "Bill smile"28. Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson (1913 - 1921) he is the only one scholar in politics, running for president, he put forward the "new freedom" economic recovery plan, to win the competition, people favor, later called him "the scholar official" and "people's president".29. Warren G Harding Warren G. Harding (1921 - 1923), his style is approachable, known as "everyone meets people."". Died in 1923.30. Calvin Coolidge Calvin Coolidge (1923 - 1929) he was cautious and called "cautious Carle".31. Herbert C Herbert Hoover (1929 - 1933 Hoover) during the first World War, he engaged in international relief work very fruitful, known as the "great humanitarian".32. Franklin Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933 - 1945) little Roosevelt, he led the Second World War victory, known as "win the war" president". Roosevelt was reelected president of the United States for the third time. In 1944, he won again, becoming the only president elected in the United States for the 4 time in a row. In April of the same year, he died of a stroke.33. Harry S Truman Harry S. Truman (1945 - 1953), he published Truman doctrine, in the face of crisis, never retreat, knownas "the greatest civilian president of the United States."".34. Dwight D Eisenhower Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953 - 1961), he is five-star general, World War II hero, called "towering Eisenhower""35. John F Kennedy John F. Kennedy (1961 - 1963) he was elected president after successfully resolved the Cuban missile crisis, known as the "60s influential man" and "Lincoln after miss the most youngest and most witty, the most charismatic, after the death of the president". He was assassinated in 196336. linden B Johnson Lyndon B. Johnson (1963 - 1969), he is known as "energetic Texan."".37. Richard M Nixon Richard M. Nixon (1969 - 1974), he pushed the Soviet Union to relax, and normalization of relations with China, called "the most controversial, most self promotion, the most elusive president."".38. Gerald R Ford Gerald R. Ford (1974 - 1977) he is honest and considerate, known as "nice", because when he was the vice president and the president are not running, also known as the "vice president and President of accidental accident".39. Jimmy Carter Jimmy Carter (1977 - 1981) he is known as the most diligent, honest and honest president".40. Ronald Regan Ronald Reagan (1981 - 1989) in 1981, when he took office, 70 years old, known as "the oldest president."".41. George Bush, George, Bush (1989 - 1993), he was called "the most diplomatic experience of the president."".42. Bill Clinton Bill Clinton (1993 - 2000). He love sad, not love confrontation, failing to circle, make each other unpredictable, known as the "sleek Bill", "only after the four door (Whitewater, nurse door, door, door travel state police) and immovable, final result the" zipper and door and hapless President Starr".43. George Bush George W. Bush Jr. (2000-) George W. Bush, he is a big figure known has been destroyed, some people praise him as "a strong fighter against terrorism", he was accused of "only reckless cowboy".Wmj007 finishingFour: the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln (1865), James A Garfield James Garfield (1881), William Mickinley (1901), William McKinley John F Kennedy John F. Kennedy (1963).The four presidents died during the post - William Henry Harrison William: H. Harrison Zachary Taylor (1841), Zachary Taylor (1850), Warren G Harding Warren G. Harding (1923), Franklin D Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt (1945).The five presidential office which has survived the assassination of Andrew Jackson Jackson (1835): Andrew,富兰克林··罗斯福富兰克林D罗斯福（1933），哈里·的·杜鲁门哈里杜鲁门（1950），杰拉尔德·R·福特Gerald R. Ford（1975），罗纳德·里根（1981）罗纳德·里根。
美国总统奥巴马英语简介
美国总统奥巴马英语简介BASIC INFORMATION:Barack Hussein Obama II (/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/ (About this soundlisten); born August 4, 1961) is an American politician. He was the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. He was the first African-American to hold the office. Before becoming president, he was a Senator from Illinois and served from 2005 to2008. He is a Democrat.PLACE OF BIRTH:Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. He married Michelle Robinson in 1992. They havetwo daughters.OVERVIEW OF PRESIDENCY: Obama was inaugurated in January 2009. As president, he slowly ended US participation in the Iraq War, having prepared the country todefend itself. The Al-Qaeda terrorist leader Osama Bin Laden was killed while Obama was in office. Also, he contributed to the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi in Libya. Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act(often called "Obamacare") which changed many health care laws. He also enacted many acts to create public works jobs to help theeconomy. He became the first president toopenly express support for gay marriage, proposed gun control as a result of the SandyHook school shooting.REELECTION:He was reelected in 2012. During his second term, the government shut down. He was able to open diplomatic relations with Cuba. In 2015, the United States joined the Paris Climate Agreement. He attempted to nominate Merrick Garland to the Supreme Court, but wasunsuccessful in doing so.POST-PRESIDENCY:Obama left office in January 2017 and was succeeded by Republican Donald Trump. He now lives in Washington, D.C. He is ranked high in presidential opinion polls.[2]44th President of the United StatesIN OFFICE FROM:January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017VICE PRESIDENT:Joe BidenPRECEDED BY:George W. BushSUCCEEDED BY:Donald TrumpPERSONAL DETAILS:BIRTH INFORMATION:Barack Hussein Obama IIAugust 4, 1961 (age 59)Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.POLITICAL PARTY:DemocraticSPOUSE:Michelle Robinson (married in 1992)NUMBER OF CHILDREN:2EDUCATION:Punahou SchoolAlma materColumbia University (BA)Harvard University (JD)NOTABLE AWARDS RECEIVED: Nobel Peace Prize (2009) Profile in Courage Award (2017)。
American President 美国总统
“imperial presidency”
最高行政长官、政府首脑、国 家元首、武装部队总司令、外 交最高决策人
行政权力：发布有法律约束力 的行政令，选定、罢免各机关 首长（经参议院同意）；召集 各州国民警卫队为政府效力， 战争、危急时刻权力更大，常 越过国会（宣战权）宣战
赢得总得票数却输掉总统 10票 7票 布什 2 million 20,000 戈尔 1.99 million
合计 2.02 million 180,000 2.17 million
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้毛主席塑像在白宫完成》
司法权力：任命高级司法官员， 最高法院大法官由其提名并通 过参议院认可；批准或否决国 会通过的法案（搁置否决/口袋 否决法pocket-veto）；赦免被 判触犯法律之人（缩短刑期、 减少罚款等）
立法权力：向国会提出各种咨文（国 会咨文State of the Union Message， 预算咨文Budget Message）要求国会 讨论通过 外交权力：任命驻外大使、公使、领 事（经参议院同意）；接受国书参与 会晤；与外国缔结条约（需获参议院 2/3同意）；与外国签订行政协定
总统选举
历时一年的复杂过程：本党州内候 选人 本党候选人预选 本党全国代表大会提名总统候选人 11月总统选举 次年1月22日就职
直、间接选举的结合：一州的选举人 electoral college票数为该州在国会参 众两院议席数之和，该州普选结果出 来后选举人票通吃。参议院议席100+ 众议院议席435，全部选举人票数538， 超过270可当总统。 共和党、民主党都有传统优势州 摇摆州
美国历任总统汇集
8、马丁· 范布 伦Martin Van Buren1837年3 月4日- 1841年 3月4日
9、威廉· 亨利· 哈 里森William HenryHarrison18 41年3月4日1841年4月4日
10、约翰· 泰勒 John Tyler 1841年4月4日1845年3月4日
11、詹姆斯· 诺克 12、扎卡里· 泰勒 斯· 波尔克James ZacharyTaylor1849 Knox Polk1845年3 年3月4日 月4日- 1849年3月 - 1850年7月9日 4日
4、詹姆斯· 麦迪逊 James Madison1809年3月4 日- 1817年3月4日
5、詹姆斯· 门罗 James Monroe 1817年3月4日 - 1825年3月4日
6、约翰· 昆西· 亚 当斯John Quincy Adams 1825年3月4日 - 1829年3月4日
7、安德鲁· 杰 克逊Andrew Jackson1829 年3月4日 1837年3月4 日
23、本杰明· 哈 里森Benjamin Harrison1889年 3月4日- 1893年 3月4日
24、格罗弗· 克利夫 兰Grover Cleveland（第二任） 1893年3月4日 - 1897年3月4日
25、威廉· 麦金莱 WilliamMcKinley1 897年3月4日 - 1901年9月14日
20、詹姆斯· 加菲尔 德James Garfield 1881年3月4日 - 1881年9月19日
21、切斯特· A· 阿瑟Chester A. Arthur1881年9 月19- 1885年3 月4日
22、格罗弗· 克 利夫兰Grover Cleveland1885 年3月4日- 1889 年3月4日
美利坚首任总统演讲稿英文
美利坚首任总统演讲稿英文Ladies and Gentlemen,。
I stand before you today as the first President of the United States of America. It is with great honor and humility that I address you, my fellow citizens, on this momentous occasion. As we embark on this new journey as a nation, it is important to reflect on the principles and values that have guided us thus far, and to look towards the future with hope and determination.The United States of America was born out of a desire for freedom and self-governance. Our forefathers fought bravely to secure these rights for themselves and for future generations. It is our duty to uphold and protect these precious liberties, and to ensure that all citizens have the opportunity to pursue happiness and prosperity.In the years to come, we will face many challenges and obstacles. It is essential that we remain united and steadfast in our commitment to the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice for all. We must strive to build a society where every individual is treated with dignity and respect, regardless of their background or beliefs.As the first President of this great nation, I pledge to lead with integrity and compassion. I will work tirelessly to promote the common good and to safeguard the rights of every American. It is my fervent belief that by working together, we can overcome any adversity and achieve greatness as a nation.In closing, I urge all of you to embrace the spirit of unity and cooperation. Let us set aside our differences and come together as one people, dedicated to the noble cause of building a more perfect union. With faith in our hearts and courage in our actions, we can surmount any challenge and forge a brighter future for generations to come.Thank you, and may God bless the United States of America.。
PresidentoftheUnitedStates美国的总统
President of the United StatesThe President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces.Article II of the U.S. Constitution vests the executive power of the United States in the president and charges him with the execution of federal law, alongside the responsibility of appointing federal executive, diplomatic, regulatory, and judicial officers, and concluding treaties with foreign powers, with the advice and consent of the Senate. The president is further empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves, and to convene and adjourn either or both houses of Congress under extraordinary circumstances.[3]Since the founding of the United States, the power of the president and the federal government have grown substantially[4]and each modern president, despite possessing no formal legislative powers beyond signing or vetoing congressionally passed bills, is largely responsible for dictating the legislative agenda of his party and the foreign and domestic policy of the United States.[5] The president is frequently described as the most powerful person in the world.[6][7][8][9][10][11]The president is indirectly elected by the people through the Electoral College to a four-year term, and is one of only two nationally elected federal officers, the other being the Vice President of the United States.[12] The Twenty-second Amendment, adopted in 1951, prohibits anyone from ever being elected to the presidency for a third full term. It also prohibits a person from being elected to the presidency more than once if that person previously had served as President, or Acting President, for more than two years of another person's term as President. In all, 43 individuals have served 55 four-year terms.[13] On January 20, 2009, Barack Obama became the forty-fourth and current president.OriginIn 1783, the Treaty of Paris left the United States independent and at peace, but with an unsettled governmental structure. The Second Continental Congress had drawn up the Articles of Confederation in 1777, describing a permanent confederation, but granting to the Congress of the Confederation—the only federal institution created—little power to finance itself or to ensure that its resolutions were enforced. In part, this reflected the anti-monarchy view of the Revolutionary period; the new American system was explicitly designed to prevent the rise of an American tyrant.By the end of the Revolutionary War, the Continental dollar had depreciated to the point of worthlessness. The viability of the federal government was threatened by political unrest in several states, efforts by debtors to use popular government to erase their debts, and the inability of Congress to raise revenue to pay off the public debts incurred during the war. The Congress also appeared unable to become a forum for productive cooperation among the States encouraging commerce and economic development. In response, the Philadelphia Convention was convened, ostensibly to devise amendments to the Articles of Confederation, but which instead began to draft a new system of government that would include greater executive power while retaining the checks and balances thought to be essential restraints on any imperial tendency in the office of the president.Individuals who presided over the Continental Congress during the Revolutionary period and under the Articles of Confederation had the title "President of the United States in Congress Assembled", often shortened to "President of the United States". However, the office had little distinct executive power. With the 1788 ratification of the Constitution, a separate executive branch was created, headed by the "President of the United States". This new Chief Executive role no longer bore the duties of presiding over Congress in a supervisory role, but the title "President" was carried over nevertheless. This title was a major understatement of the actual role empowered to the office by the Constitution, and this choice of words can be seen as a deliberate effort by the Founding Fathers to prevent the head of state position from evolving toward becoming a monarchical position, with the accompanying potential for abuse of such power.A president's executive authority under the Constitution, tempered by the checks and balances of the judicial and legislative branches of the federal government, was designed to solve several political problems faced by the young nation and to anticipate future challenges, while still preventing the rise of an autocrat.Powers and dutiesArticle I legislative roleThe first power conferred upon the president by the U.S. Constitution is the legislative power of the presidential veto. The Presentment Clause requires any bill passed by Congress to be presented to the president before it can become law. Once the legislation has been presented, the president has three options:1.Sign the legislation; the bill then becomes law.2.Veto the legislation and return it to Congress, expressing any objections; the bill does notbecome law, unless each house of Congress votes to override the veto by a two-thirds vote.3.Take no action. In this instance, the president neither signs nor vetoes the legislation.After 10 days, not counting Sundays, two possible outcomes emerge:o If Congress is still convened, the bill becomes law.o If Congress has adjourned, thus preventing the return of the legislation, the bill does not become law. This latter outcome is known as the pocket veto.In 1996, Congress attempted to enhance the president's veto power with the Line Item Veto Act. The legislation empowered the president to sign any spending bill into law while simultaneously striking certain spending items within the bill, particularly any new spending, any amount of discretionary spending, or any new limited tax benefit. Once a president had stricken the item, Congress could pass that particular item again. If the president then vetoed the new legislation, Congress could override the veto by its ordinary means, a two-thirds vote in both houses. In Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S.417 (1998), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled such a legislative alteration of the veto power to be unconstitutional.Article II executive powersWar and foreign affairs powersPerhaps the most important of all presidential powers is command of the United States armed forces as commander-in-chief. While the power to declare war is constitutionally vested in Congress, the president commands and directs the military and is responsible for planning militarystrategy. The framers of the Constitution took care to limit the president's powers regarding the military; Alexander Hamilton explains this in Federalist No. 69:The President is to be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States. ... It would amount to nothing more than the supreme command and direction of the military and naval forces ... while that [the power] of the British king extends to the DECLARING of war and to the RAISING and REGULATING of fleets and armies, all [of] which ... would appertain to the legislature.[14] [Emphasis in the original.]Congress, pursuant to the War Powers Resolution, must authorize any troop deployments longer than 60 days, although that process relies on triggering mechanisms that have never been employed, rendering it ineffectual.[15]Additionally, Congress provides a check to presidential military power through its control over military spending and regulation.Along with the armed forces, the president also directs U.S. foreign policy. Through the Department of State and the Department of Defense, the president is responsible for the protection of Americans abroad and of foreign nationals in the United States. The president decides whether to recognize new nations and new governments, and negotiates treaties with other nations, which become binding on the United States when approved by two-thirds vote of the Senate.Although not constitutionally provided, presidents also sometimes employ "executive agreements" in foreign relations. Frequently, these agreements regard the orientation of executive discretion in the administration of matters germane to executive power; for example, the extent to which either country presents an armed presence in a given area, how each country will enforce copyright treaties, or how each country will process foreign mail. However, the 20th century witnessed a vast expansion of the use of executive agreements, and critics have challenged the extent of that use as supplanting the treaty process and removing constitutionally prescribed checks and balances over the executive in foreign relations. Supporters counter that the agreements offer a pragmatic solution when the need for swift, secret, and/or concerted action arises. Administrative powersThe president is the chief executive of the United States, putting him at the head of the executive branch of the government, whose responsibility is to "take care that the laws be faithfully executed." The executive branch has over four million employees, including members of the military.[16]Presidents make numerous executive branch appointments: an incoming president may make up to 6,000 before he takes office and 8,000 more during his term. Ambassadors, members of the Cabinet, and other federal officers, are all appointed by a president with the "advice and consent" of a majority of the Senate. Appointments made while the Senate is in recess are temporary and expire at the end of the next session of the Senate.The power of a president to fire executive officials has long been a contentious political issue. Generally, a president may remove purely executive officials at his discretion.[17]However, Congress can curtail and constrain a president's authority to fire commissioners of independent regulatory agencies and certain inferior executive officers by statute.[18]The president possesses the ability to direct much of the executive branch through executive orders. To the extent the orders are grounded in federal statute or executive power granted in the U.S. Constitution, these orders have the force of law. Thus, executive orders are reviewable by federal courts or can be rendered null through legislative changes to statute.Juridical powersThe president also has the power to nominate federal judges, including members of the United States courts of appeals and the Supreme Court of the United States. However, these nominations do require Senate confirmation. Securing Senate approval can provide a major obstacle for presidents who wish to orient the federal judiciary toward a particular ideological stance. When nominating judges to U.S. district courts, presidents often respect the long-standing tradition of Senatorial courtesy. Presidents may also grant pardons and reprieves, as is often done just before the end of a presidential term.Historically, two doctrines concerning executive power have develop that enable the president to exercise executive power with a degree of autonomy. The first is executive privilege, which allows the president to withhold from disclosure any communications made directly to the president in the performance of executive duties. George Washington first claimed privilege when Congress requested to see Chief Justice John Jay's notes from an unpopular treaty negotiation with Great Britain. While not enshrined in the Constitution, or any other law, Washington's action created the precedent for the privilege. When Richard Nixon tried to use executive privilege as a reason for not turning over subpoenaed evidence to Congress during the Watergate scandal, the Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S.683 (1974), that executive privilege did not apply in cases where a president was attempting to avoid criminal prosecution. When President Bill Clinton attempted to use executive privilege regarding the Lewinsky scandal, the Supreme Court ruled in Clinton v. Jones, 520 U.S.681 (1997), that the privilege also could not be used in civil suits. These cases established the legal precedent that executive privilege is valid, although the exact extent of the privilege has yet to be clearly defined. Additionally, federal courts have allowed this privilege to radiate outward and protect other executive branch employees, but have weakened that protection for those executive branch communications that do not involve the president.[The state secrets privilege allows the president and the executive branch to withhold information or documents from discovery in legal proceedings if such release would harm national security. Precedent for the privilege arose early in the 19th century when Thomas Jefferson refused to release military documents in the treason trial of Aaron Burr and again in 1876 in Totten v. United States, when the Supreme Court dismissed a case brought by a former Union spy.[20] However, the privilege was not formally recognized by the U.S. Supreme Court until United States v. Reynolds (1953) where it was held to be a common law evidentiary privilege.[21] Before the September 11 attacks, use of the privilege had been rare, but increasing in frequency.[22]Since 2001, the government has asserted the privilege in more cases and at earlier stages of the litigation, thus in some instances causing dismissal of the suits before reaching the merits of the claims, as in the Ninth Circuit's ruling in Mohamed v. Jeppesen Dataplan.[21][23][24] Critics of the privilege claim its use has become a tool for the government to cover up illegal or embarrassing government actions. Legislative facilitatorRepresenting the executive branch of government, the president cannot simultaneously hold a seat in Congress. Therefore, the president cannot directly introduce legislative proposals for consideration in Congress. The president can, however, take an indirect role in shaping legislation, especially if the president's political party has a majority in one or both houses of Congress. For example, the president or other officials of the executive branch may draft legislation and then ask senators or representatives to introduce these drafts into Congress. The president can further influence the legislative branch through constitutionally mandated, periodic reports to Congress.These reports may be either written or oral, but today are given as the State of the Union address, which often outlines the president's legislative proposals for the coming year.According to Article II, Section 3, Clause 2 of the Constitution, the president may convene either or both houses of Congress. If both houses cannot agree on a date of adjournment, the president may appoint a date for Congress to adjourn.Selection processEligibilityArticle II, Section 1, Clause 5 of the Constitution sets the principal qualifications one must meet to be eligible to the office of president. A president must:∙be a natural born citizen of the United States;[27]∙be at least thirty-five years old;∙have been a permanent resident in the United States for at least fourteen years.A person who meets the above qualifications is still disqualified from holding the office of president under any of the following conditions:∙Under the Twenty-second Amendment, no eligible person can be elected president more than twice. The Twenty-second Amendment also specifies that if any eligible person who serves as president or acting president for more than two years of a term for which some other eligible person was elected president, the former can only be elected president once.Scholars disagree whether anyone no longer eligible to be elected president could be elected vice president, pursuant to the qualifications set out under the Twelfth Amendment.[28]∙Under Article I, Section 3, Clause 7, upon conviction in impeachment cases the Senate has the option of disqualifying convicted individuals from holding other federal offices, including the Presidency.[29]∙Under Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Constitution prohibits an otherwise eligible person from becoming president if that person swore an oath to support the Constitution, and later rebelled against the United States. However, the Congress, by a two-thirds vote of each house, can remove the disqualification.Campaigns and nominationMain articles: United States presidential primary, United States presidential nominating convention, United States presidential election debates, and United States presidential election The modern presidential campaign begins before the primary elections, which the two major political parties use to clear the field of candidates in advance of their national nominating conventions, where the most successful candidate is made the party's nominee for president. Typically, the party's presidential candidate chooses a vice presidential nominee, and this choice is rubber-stamped by the convention.Nominees participate in nationally televised debates, and while the debates are usually restricted to the Democratic and Republican nominees, third party candidates may be invited, such as Ross Perot in the 1992 debates. Nominees campaign across the country to explain their views, convince voters and solicit contributions. Much of the modern electoral process is concerned with winning swing states through frequent visits and mass media advertising drives.Election and oathPresidents are elected indirectly in the United States. A number of electors, collectively known as the Electoral College, officially select the president. On Election Day, voters in each of the states and the District of Columbia cast ballots for these electors. Each state is allocated a number of electors, equal to the size of its delegation in both Houses of Congress combined. Generally, the ticket that wins the most votes in a state wins all of that state's electoral votes and thus has its slate of electors chosen to vote in the Electoral College.The winning slate of electors meet at its state's capital on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December, about six weeks after the election, to vote. They then send a record of that vote to Congress. The vote of the electors is opened by the sitting vice president, acting in his capacity as President of the Senate and read aloud to a joint session of the incoming congress, which was elected at the same time as the president.Pursuant to the Twentieth Amendment, the president's term of office begins at noon on January 20 of the year following the election. This date, known as Inauguration Day, marks the beginning of the four-year terms of both the president and the vice president. Before executing the powers of the office, a president is constitutionally required to take the presidential oath:I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.[30]Although not required, presidents have traditionally used a Bible to take oath of office and suffixed "So help me God!" to the end of the oath. Further, though no law requires that the oath of office be administered by any specific person, presidents are traditionally sworn in by the Chief Justice of the United States.Tenure and term limitsThe term of office for president and vice president is four years. George Washington, the first president, set an unofficial precedent of serving only two terms, which subsequent presidents followed until 1940. Before Franklin D. Roosevelt, attempts at a third term were encouraged by supporters of Ulysses S. Grant and Theodore Roosevelt; neither of these attempts succeeded. In 1940, Franklin Roosevelt declined to seek a third term, but allowed his political party to "draft" him as their presidential candidate and was subsequently elected to a third term. In 1941, the U.S. became involved in World War II, which later led voters to elect Roosevelt to a fourth term in 1944.After the war, and in response to Roosevelt's shattering of precedent, the Twenty-second Amendment was adopted. The amendment bars anyone from being elected president more than twice, or once if that person served more than half of another president's term. Harry S. Truman, who was president when the amendment was adopted, and so by the amendment's provisions exempt from its limitation, also briefly sought a third (a second full) term before withdrawing from the 1952 election.Since the amendment's adoption, four presidents have served two full terms: Dwight D. Eisenhower, Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. Jimmy Carter and George H. W. Bush sought a second term, but were defeated. Richard Nixon was elected to a second term, but resigned before completing it. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only president under the amendment to be eligible to serve more than two terms in total, having served for only fourteen months following John F. Kennedy's assassination. However, Johnson withdrew from the 1968 Democratic Primary, surprising many Americans by stating, "I shall not seek, and I will not accept,the nomination of my party for another term as your president." Gerald Ford sought a full term, after serving out the last two years and five months of Nixon's second term, but was not elected. Vacancy or disabilitySee also: Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, United States presidential line of succession, Presidential Succession Act, and Impeachment in the United States Vacancies in the office of president may arise under several possible circumstances: death, resignation and removal from office.Article II, Section 4of the Constitution allows the House of Representatives to impeach high federal officials, including the president, for "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors." Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 gives the Senate the power to remove impeached officials from office, given a two-thirds vote to convict. The House has thus far impeached two presidents: Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998. Neither was subsequently convicted by the Senate; however, Johnson was acquitted by just one vote.Under Section 3 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, the president may transfer the presidential powers and duties to the vice president, who then becomes acting president, by transmitting a statement to the Speaker of the House and the president pro tempore of the Senate stating the reasons for the transfer. The president resumes the discharge of the presidential powers and duties when he transmits, to those two officials, a written declaration stating that resumption. This transfer of power may occur for any reason the president considers appropriate; in 2002 and again in 2007, President George W. Bush briefly transferred presidential authority to Vice President Dick Cheney. In both cases, this was done to accommodate a medical procedure which required Bush to be sedated; both times, Bush returned to duty later the same day.[31]Under Section 4 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, the vice president and a majority of the Cabinet may transfer the presidential powers and duties from the president to the vice president once they transmit a written declaration to the Speaker of the House and the president pro tempore of the Senate that the president is unable to discharge the presidential powers and duties. If this occurs, then the vice president will assume the presidential powers and duties as acting president; however, the president can declare that no such inability exists and resume the discharge of the presidential powers and duties. If the vice president and cabinet contest this claim, it is up to Congress, which must meet within two days if not already in session, to decide the merit of the claim.The United States Constitution mentions the resignation of the president but does not regulate the form of such a resignation or the conditions for its validity. Pursuant to federal law, the only valid evidence of the president's resignation is a written instrument to that effect, signed by the president and delivered to the office of the Secretary of State.[32] On August 9, 1974, facing likely impeachment in the midst of the Watergate scandal, Richard Nixon became the only president ever to resign from office.The Constitution states that the vice president becomes president upon the removal from office, death or resignation of the preceding president. If the offices of president and vice president both are either vacant or have a disabled holder of that office, the next officer in the presidential line of succession, the Speaker of the House, becomes acting president. The line then extends to the president pro tempore of the Senate, followed by every member of the cabinet in a set order. CompensationThe president earns a $400,000 annual salary, along with a $50,000 annual expense account, a $100,000 non-taxable travel account and $19,000 for entertainment.[36][37] The most recent raise in salary was approved by Congress and President Bill Clinton in 1999 and went into effect in 2001. The White House in Washington, D.C. serves as the official place of residence for the president; he is entitled to use its staff and facilities, including medical care, recreation, housekeeping, and security services. Naval Support Facility Thurmont, popularly known as Camp David, is a mountain-based military camp in Frederick County, Maryland used as a country retreat and for high alert protection of the president and his guests. Blair House, located adjacent to the Old Executive Office Building at the White House Complex and Lafayette Park, is a complex of four connected townhouses exceeding 70,000 square feet (6,500 m2) of floor space which serves as the president's official guest house and as a secondary residence for the president if needed.[38]For ground travel, the president uses the presidential state car, which is an armored limousine built on a heavily modified Cadillac-based chassis.[39]One of two identical Boeing VC-25aircraft, which are extensively modified versions of Boeing 747-200B airliners, serve as long distance travel for the president, and are referred to as Air Force One while the president is on board.[40][41] The president also uses a United States Marine Corps helicopter, designated Marine One when the president is aboard.The United States Secret Service is charged with protecting the sitting president and his family. As part of their protection, presidents, first ladies, their children and other immediate family members, and other prominent persons and locations are assigned Secret Service codenames.[42] The use of such names was originally for security purposes and dates to a time when sensitive electronic communications were not routinely encrypted; today, the names simply serve for purposes of brevity, clarity and tradition.[43][44]Post-presidencyBeginning in 1959, all living former presidents were granted a pension, an office and a staff. The pension has increased numerous times with Congressional approval. Retired presidents now receive a pension based on the salary of the current administration's cabinet secretaries, which is $191,300 as of 2008.[45]Some former presidents have also collected congressional pensions.[46] The Former Presidents Act, as amended, also provides former presidents with travel funds and franking privileges.Until 1997, all former presidents, and their families, were protected by the Secret Service until the president's death. The last president to have lifetime Secret Service protection is Bill Clinton; George W. Bush and all subsequent presidents will be protected by the Secret Service for a maximum of ten years after leaving office.[47]Some presidents have had significant careers after leaving office. Prominent examples include William Howard Taft's tenure as Chief Justice of the United States and Herbert Hoover's work on government reorganization after World War II. Grover Cleveland, whose bid for reelection failed in 1888, was elected president again four years later in 1892. Two former presidents served in Congress after leaving the White House: John Quincy Adams was elected to the House of Representatives, serving there for seventeen years, and Andrew Johnson returned to the Senate in 1875. John Tyler served in the provisional Congress of the Confederate States during the Civil War and was elected to the Confederate House of Representatives.Presidents may use their predecessors as emissaries to deliver private messages to other nations,[48] or as official representatives of the United States to state funerals and other important foreign。
美国总统英文PPT资料
Abraham Lincoln
Term: 16th President of the United States (1861-1865)
Born: February 12, 1809, Hardin (now Larue) County, Kentucky
Nickname: "Honest Abe"; "Illinois RailSplitter"
Theodore Roosevelt
Term: 26th President of the United States (1901-1909)
Born: October 27, 1858, New York, New York Nickname: "TR", "Trust-Buster", "Teddy" Education: Harvard College (graduated 1880) Religion: Dutch Reformed Marriage: October 27, 1880, to Alice Hathaway
(B.A., 1983), Harvard (J.D., 1991) Religion: Christian Marriage: Michelle Robinson, on
October 18, 1992 Children: Malia Ann (1998); Natasha,
known as Sasha (2001) Career: Community Organizer,
Born: July 6, 1946, in New Haven, CT
Nickname: "Dubya"
父亲节美国总统的英语演讲稿2篇
父亲节美国总统的英语演讲稿2篇American president's English speech on father's Day编订：JinTai College父亲节美国总统的英语演讲稿2篇小泰温馨提示：演讲稿是在较为隆重的仪式上和某些公众场合发表的讲话文稿。
演讲稿是进行演讲的依据，对演讲内容和形式的规范和提示，体现着演讲的目的和手段，用来交流思想、感情，表达主张、见解；也可以用来介绍自己的学习、工作情况和经验等等；同时具有宣传、鼓动、教育和欣赏等作用，可以把演讲者的观点、主张与思想感情传达给听众以及读者，使他们信服并在思想感情上产生共鸣。
本文档根据演讲稿内容要求展开说明，具有实践指导意义，便于学习和使用，本文下载后内容可随意修改调整及打印。
本文简要目录如下：【下载该文档后使用Word打开，按住键盘Ctrl键且鼠标单击目录内容即可跳转到对应篇章】1、篇章1：父亲节美国总统的英语演讲稿2、篇章2：2020父亲节美国总统奥巴马的英语演讲稿文档篇章1:父亲节美国总统的英语演讲稿Hi, everybody. Sunday is Father's Day. If you haven't got Dad a gift yet, there's still time. Just barely. But the truth is, what we give our fathers can never match what our fathers give us.I know how important it is to have a dad in your life, because I grew up without my father around. I felt the weight of his absence. So for Michelle and our girls, I try every day to be the husband andfather my family didn't have when I was young. And every chance I get, I encourage fathers to get more involved in their children's lives, because what makes you a man isn't the ability to have a child – it's the courage to raise one.Still, over the past couple years, I've met with a lot of young people who don't have a father figure around. And while there's nothing that can replace a parent, any of us can do our part to be a mentor, a sounding board, a role model for a kid who needs one. Earlier this year, I launched an initiative called My Brother's Keeper – an all-hands-on-deck effort to help more of our young men reach their full potential. And if you want to be a mentor to a young man in your community, you can find out how atNow, when I launched this initiative, I said that government can't play the primary role in a young person's life. Taking responsibility for being a great parent or mentor is a choice that we, as individuals, have to make. No government program can ever take the place of a parent's love. Still, as a country, there are ways we can help support dads and moms who make that choice.That's why, earlier this week, we brought working dads from across America to the White House to talk about the challenges they face. And in a few weeks,I'll hold the first-ever White House Working Families Summit. We've still got too many workplace policies that belong in the 1950s, and it's time to bring them up to date for today's families, where oftentimes, both parents are working. Moms and dads deserve affordable child care, and time off to care for a sick parent or child without running into hardship. Women deserve equal pay for equal work – and at a time when more women are breadwinners for a family, thatbenefits men, too. And because no parent who worksfull-time should have to raise a family in poverty,it's time for Congress to follow the lead of state after state, get on the bandwagon, and give America a raise.Dads work hard. So our country should do what we can to make sure their hard work pays off; to make sure life for them and their families is a little less stressful, and a little more secure, so they can be the dads their kids need them to be. Because there's nothing more precious in life than the time we spend with our children. There's no better feeling than knowing that we can be there for them, and provide for them, and help give them every shot at success.Let's make sure every dad who works hard and takes responsibility has the chance to know that feeling, not just on one Sunday, but every day of the year.Thanks everybody, happy Father's Day, and have a great weekend.篇章2:2020父亲节美国总统奥巴马的英语演讲稿文档【按住Ctrl键点此返回目录】hi, everybody. sunday is father's day. if you haven't got dad a gift yet, there's still time. just barely. but the truth is, what we give our fathers can never match what our fathers give us.i know how important it is to have a dad in your life, because i grew up without my father around. i felt the weight of his absence. so for michelle and our girls, i try every day to be the husband andfather my family didn't have when i was young. and every chance i get, i encourage fathers to get more involved in their children's lives, because what makes you a man isn't the ability to have a child – it's the courage to raise one.still, over the past couple years, i've met with a lot of young people who don't have a father figure around. and while there's nothing that can replace a parent, any of us can do our part to be a mentor, a sounding board, a role model for a kid who needs one.earlier this year, i launched an initiative called my brother's keeper – an all-hands-on-deck effort to help more of our young men reach their full potential. and if you want to be a mentor to a young man in your community, you can find out how atnow, when i launched this initiative, i said that government can't play the primary role in a young person's life. taking responsibility for being a great parent or mentor is a choice that we, as individuals, have to make. no government program can ever take the place of a parent's love. still, as a country, there are ways we can help support dads and moms who make that choice.that's why, earlier this week, we brought working dads from across america to the white house to talk about the challenges they face. and in a few weeks,i'll hold the first-ever white house working families summit. we've still got too many workplace policies that belong in the 1950s, and it's time to bring them up to date for today's families, where oftentimes,both parents are working. moms and dads deserve affordable child care, and time off to care for a sick parent or child without running into hardship. women deserve equal pay for equal work – and at a time when more women are breadwinners for a family, thatbenefits men, too. and because no parent who worksfull-time should have to raise a family in poverty,it's time for congress to follow the lead of state after state, get on the bandwagon, and give america a raise.dads work hard. so our country should do what we can to make sure their hard work pays off; to make sure life for them and their families is a little less stressful, and a little more secure, so they can be the dads their kids need them to be. because there's nothing more precious in life than the time we spend with our children. there's no better feeling than knowing that we can be there for them, and provide for them, and help give them every shot at success.let's make sure every dad who works hard and takes responsibility has the chance to know that feeling, not just on one sunday, but every day of the year.thanks everybody, happy father's day, and have a great weekend.-------- Designed By JinTai College ---------。
美国历届总统和美国州名的英文缩写
林肯总统
第十三任 在奴隶制问题上不得人心的总统：米勒德·菲尔莫尔 (Millard Fillmore) 任期：1850年－1853年 辉格党
第十四任 声望很低的总统：福兰克林·皮尔斯 (Franklin Pierce) 任期： 1853年－1857年 民主党
第十五任 独身的总统：詹姆斯·布坎南 (James Buchanan) 1857年－1861年 民主党
第六任 能干的外交官：约翰·昆西·亚当斯 (John Quincy Adams) 任期：1825年－1829年 人称“小亚当斯”，父亲是第二任美国总统，和父亲是为美国历史上第一对父子档总统。民主共和党
第七任 第一位平民出身的总统：安德鲁·杰克逊 (Adrew Jackson) 任期：1829年－1837年 民主党
美国总统年表
第一任 美国的国父：乔治·华盛顿 (George Washington) 任期：1789年－1797年 开国总统 所属政党：联邦主义者
第二任 白宫的第一个主人 ：约翰·亚当斯 (John Adams) 任期：1797年－1801年 人称“老亚当斯”，儿子是第6任美国总统，和儿子共同成为美国历史上第一对父子档总统。所属政党：美国联邦党
第二十二任 唯一两次任期不相连的总统：格罗弗·克利夫兰 (Stephen Grover Cleveland) 民主党 1885年－1889年
第二十三任 首屈一指的演说家：本杰明·哈里森 (Benjamin Harrison) 共和党 1889年－1893年 祖父是第9任美国总统
第二十四任 格罗弗·克利夫兰 (Stephen Grover Cleveland) 民主党 1893年－1897年 曾经担任第22任美国总统，落选一届后再度竞选成功
美国总统英语作文
美国总统英语作文The President of the United States is a position of great power and responsibility. They are the leader of the country, representing the American people both at home and abroad. The President is responsible for making important decisions that affect the lives of millions of people.Being the President is not an easy job. It requires strong leadership skills, the ability to make tough decisions, and a deep understanding of complex issues. The President must work with Congress, the courts, and other branches of government to enact policies and laws that benefit the country as a whole.One of the most important roles of the President is to serve as Commander-in-Chief of the military. This means that they have the power to make decisions about when and how to use military force to protect the country and its interests. The President must carefully consider the consequences of their actions and weigh the costs andbenefits of military intervention.The President also plays a crucial role in shaping the country's domestic policies. They work with Congress to pass laws on issues such as healthcare, education, and the economy. The President's policies can have a significant impact on the lives of everyday Americans, so it is important for them to listen to the concerns of the people and make decisions that reflect the needs of the country.In addition to their domestic and military responsibilities, the President also represents the United States on the world stage. They meet with foreign leaders, negotiate treaties, and work to promote peace and cooperation among nations. The President's actions and words can have a profound impact on how the United States is perceived around the world.Overall, being the President of the United States is a challenging and demanding job. It requires a strong sense of leadership, a deep understanding of complex issues, and the ability to make tough decisions. The President mustwork tirelessly to serve the American people and uphold the values and principles of the country.。
美国历届总统简介：第21任总统切斯特?艾伦?阿瑟
美国历届总统简介：第21任总统切斯特•艾伦•阿瑟Chester Alan Arthur was born in Vermont in 1829. He was the 21st President of the United States, becoming President after the assassination of President James A. Garfield. His father was a preacher who had emigrated from Northern Ireland. He graduated from Union College in 1848 and was admitted to the bar. He startedpractising law in New York City before joining the Army to fight in the Civil War.1829年，切斯特·艾伦·阿瑟出生于佛蒙特州。
詹姆斯·A·加菲尔德总统遇刺之后，阿瑟成为了美国第21任总统。
他的父亲是一名从北爱尔兰移民的牧师。
1848年，阿瑟毕业于联合学院，并获得律师资格。
他开始在纽约从事律师行业，之后参加了美国内战。
In 1871, Arthur was appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant to the politically powerful post of Collector of the Port of New York. He spent the next decade as a pawn in power struggles between different presidents. He was removed from his post by President Rutherford B. Hayes. In 1880, Arthur was nominated to run forthe Vice Presidency. He assumed office as Vice President in March 1881.1871年，U·S·格兰总总统特任命他为纽约海关税收官，这是一个拥有政治权力的职位。
美国总统罗斯福简介(英文)
Personal life
Roosevelt sailing with half-niece Helen and father James, 1899.
His uncle, Theodore Roosevelt(西奥 多●罗斯福), is the 26th president of America. (Republican Party, 共和党)
Thank you!
Early political career
State Senator 州参议员（1910） Assistant Secretary of the Navy 海军助理国务卿（1913） Campaign for Vice-President 副总统竞选（1920） Governor of New York 纽约州长（1929-1932） Presidential election 总统大选 （1932）
Third Term of Presidency(1941–1945) The two-term tradition was an unwritten rule but the loud speaker screamed:
We want Roosevelt… The world wants Roosevelt!
The only thing we have to fear is fear itself！
Great Depression(1929-1933)
Total employment numbers in the United States from 1920 to 1940
GDP of the United States from 1929 to 1941
Second Term of Presidency(1937–1941)
美国历届总统简介：第30任总统,约翰-卡尔文-柯立芝-美国历任总统
美国历届总统简介：第30任总统,约翰?卡尔文?柯立芝:美国历任总统John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. was the 30th President of the United States, serving between 1923 and 1929. He was born in Plymouth, Vermont, on July 4, 1872, the son of a village storekeeper. He graduated from AmherstCollege with honors, and entered law and politics in Massachusetts. Slowly, he went up the political ladder from councilman in Northampton to Governor of Massachusetts.约翰▪卡尔文▪柯立芝是美国第30任总统，任期为1923-1929年。
1872年，柯立芝出生于佛蒙特州温莎县的普利茅斯，他的爸爸是一名乡村店主。
他以优异的成绩毕业于阿默斯特学院，并在马塞诸塞州步入律师和政治行业。
慢慢地，他担任过北安普敦的议员，之后担任马塞诸塞州的州长。
One of his first duties as Governor was to deal with the Boston police strike in 1919. He brought in the National Guard and fired all striking officers. Newspapers across the nation reported on his decisive action and gave him the reputation of a strong leader. He became Vice President in 1921 and attended many of President Warren Harding’s cabinet meetings – the first Vice President to do so.作为州长，他的职责之一就是处理1919年波士顿警察罢工事件。
美国历届总统简介：第38任总统杰拉尔德?鲁道夫?福特
美国历届总统简介：第38任总统杰拉尔德•鲁道夫•福特Gerald Rudolph "Jerry" Ford, Jr. was the 38th President of the United States, serving between 1974 and 1977. He was born Leslie Lynch King, Jr. in 1913 in Omaha, Nebraska. His parents separated 16 days after his birth. His name changed two years later after his mother married Gerald Rudolff Ford. He was successful inmany sports at college and graduated from Yale Law School in 1941.杰拉尔德·鲁道夫·福特是美国第38任总统，任期为1974年-1977年。
1913年，福特出生于内布拉斯加州奥马哈，他的原名为莱斯勒·里奇·金。
他出生后的第16天，父母离异。
两年之后，由于他的母亲改嫁杰拉尔德·鲁道夫·福特，所以福特该名。
在大学期间，福特擅长多项体育运动，1941年他毕业于耶鲁大学法学院。
Ford interrupted his legal career in 1942 when he joined the Navy after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbour. He served with distinction in the Pacific and was awarded the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with nine stars. After the war, he entered local Republican politics in Grand Rapids, which he served in the House of Representatives for 25 years. He became known in the House as a "Congressman's Congressman".1942年，福特放弃了他的律师行业，日本偷袭珍珠港后，福特在海军服役。
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2.Dwight D. Eisenhower
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Born in Texas in 1890, brought up in Abilene, Kansas, Eisenhower was the third of seven sons. He excelled in sports in high school, and received an appointment to West Point. Stationed in Texas as a second lieutenant, he met Mamie Geneva Doud, whom he married in 1916. In his early Army career, he excelled in staff assignments, serving under Generals John J. Pershing, Douglas MacArthur, and Walter Krueger. After Pearl Harbor, General George C. Marshall called him to Washington for a war plans assignment. He commanded the Allied Forces landing in North Africa in November 1942; on D-Day, 1944, he was Supreme Commander of the troops invading France. Suddenly, in September 1955, Eisenhower suffered a heart attack in Denver, Colorado. After seven weeks he left the hospital, and in February 1956 doctors reported his recovery. In November he was elected for his second term.
5.Richard Milhous "Dick" Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon
Richard Milhous "Dick" Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. The only president to resign the office, Nixon had previously served as a US representative and senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961. In 1946, Nixon was elected to the United States Republican members of the house of Representatives, begin to enter politics. In 1950 elected to the American senator. In 1952, as Eisenhower's running mate, was elected vice president of the United States, the office of vice president in 4years. He was reelected in 1956as vice president of the United states. In 1960, twice in 1964failed to win the presidency.
4.Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon B. Johnson
In 1930 he graduated from southwest Texas teachers college. From 1930 to1932he was in Houston a school professor of oratory and elocution. In 1931 he was fortunate to be clay Senator Berg's secretary. In 1935to 1937 of the national youth administration Texas office director. In 1937 Congress in the by-election was elected as a congressman, and served as the house naval committee. From 1941 to1942 served in the navy. In 1948 he was elected senator. In1951, the Senate only 3 years, he became the leader of the Democratic party. Since 1953, the Senate Democratic majority leader, as the Senate Armed Services Committee, finance committee, the Appropriations Committee and other important positions. 1956bid for the Democratic presidential nomination failed.
The official White House portrait of John F.Kennedy
Do You Know?
• The first president who had served in the U.S. Navy. • He received the Pulitzer Prize for his book, “Profiles in Courage” • The first president was born in 1900s. • He is the only Roman Catholic president • The youngest elected president at 43 years old, and the youngest to die at 46 years old.
3.John F. Kennedy
-35th President of U.S.
Personal details
Born :May 29, 1917 Died :November 22, 1963 Political party: Democratic Party In office: 20,1961-November 22,1963
Big events during his presidency
• Bay of Pigs Invasion • Cuba Missile Crisis • The Building of the Berlin Wall • War in Vietnam • Nuclear Test Ban Treaty • Space Program • American Civil Rights Movement
In 1960, Johnson failed to win the Democratic presidential nomination, he accepted Kennedy nominated him for the vice president's proposal. On November 22, 1963, President Kennedy was assassinated in Texas, Dallas, vice president Johnson was in Dallas airport on Air Force One presidential plane 's engine room was sworn in, becoming the thirty-sixth president of the United states. In the succession of the president, in 1964, Johnson was officially elected president. In 1969January retired. In January 22, 1973, he has only4 years before the United States President's career in Texas, his ranch because of myocardial infarction died, only 64 years old. 1980was awarded the Presidential Medal of freedom. A memoir" look far ahead from a high plane".
Travember 1963, Kennedy was shot in the head. His car raced to a nearby hospital, Where doctors frantically tried to revive him, but it was too late. President Kennedy was dead.
Group Member:徐滢燕 项宁宁
屠佳燕 马荧荧 凌岚
1.Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt