2021年TPO 31 SPEAKING
tpo31口语task4范文
tpo31口语task4范文英文回答：In my opinion, technology has both positive and negative effects on our lives. On the positive side, technology has greatly improved our communication and made it easier for us to connect with people around the world. For example, with the advent of social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram, I can easily keep in touch with my friends and family who live in different countries. We can share photos, videos, and even have video calls to catch up with each other. This has really brought us closer despite the physical distance between us.Furthermore, technology has also made our lives more convenient. We can now shop online and have our purchases delivered right to our doorstep. This saves us time and effort, especially for those who have busy schedules. In addition, technology has also revolutionized the way we work. With the rise of remote working, we can now work fromanywhere and have more flexibility in managing our time. This has greatly improved work-life balance for many people.However, technology also has its downsides. One major concern is the impact it has on our privacy. With the increasing use of smartphones and smart devices, our personal information is constantly being collected and monitored. This raises concerns about data security and the potential for misuse of our personal information. For example, there have been cases of data breaches andidentity theft, which can have serious consequences for individuals.Another negative effect of technology is the impact it has on our physical and mental health. With the rise of sedentary lifestyles and excessive screen time, many people are becoming more inactive and experiencing health issues such as obesity and eye strain. Moreover, the constant exposure to social media and online platforms can also have negative effects on our mental well-being. It can lead to feelings of anxiety, depression, and social isolation.中文回答：在我看来，科技对我们的生活有着积极和消极的影响。
托福写作 tpo 31 范文
TPO 31The reading passage and the listening unfold opposite perspectives on whether the fine lines on the newly-excavated Sinasuropteryx fossil skeleton preserved in volcanic ash are an interpretation that Sinosaur has feathers. The reading mentions that Sinosaur is not a feathered dinosaur. However, the speaker in the listening claims that the arguments used to support the reading are unconvincing.Firstly, the author states that the fine lines may be formed after Sinosaur died as decomposition of skin fibers, showcasing that Sinosaur does not have feathers. Nevertheless, the lecturer disagrees with it and maintains that there is no decomposition on other animals at the same place. In fact, the fine lines are well-preserved feathers of Sinosaur since other animals' fossils bear beautifully-preserved functional structures. Secondly, according to the article, which part of Sinosaur the fine lines belong to has not been ascertained yet and the fine lines may be frills of Sinosaur. By contrast, the lecture refutes the idea and argues that there are chemical difference between feathers and frills, the former of which contains a kind of protein the latter lacks. Besides, chemical analysis indicates that this kind of protein is present on the structure of Sinosaur. Hence, the fine lines are feathers.Thirdly, the lecturer dissents with the claim in the reading passage that the location of the fine lines deny the regular function of feathers. By citing the example of peacock whose tail feathers are used as display function, the professor argues that feathers on Sinosaur serve as display function as well, for research shows the fine lines are orange and white. Thus, Sinosaur is feathered dinosaur. (270 words//20 minutes)新的模板不是很熟练速度下来了再熟悉下老师，有个问题：就是文中出现需要频繁写出来的很长的主人公名字能缩写吗？。
TPO 31托福综合写作+独立写作范文
TPO 31综合写作：The reading passage refutes the idea that the lines in the Sinosauropteryx fossil indicated a feathered dinosaur by demonstrating several counterarguments. The lecturer, however, is strongly convinced that lines could represent feathers through addressing the questions advanced by the reading.To start with, according to the reading, those lines may derive from decomposition of a died dinosaur’ skin instead of being part of a living one. The lecturer does not believe this point for the reason that other animals’ fossils that are buried at the same site have not shown such kind of decomposition; instead, their functional skin structures have been perfectly preserved in the volcanic ash. Therefore, these lines are likely to be well-preserved feathers instead of fibers.Moving on, the reading proposes that the lines may be the frills rather than remains of feathers. The listening argues this is not true. She further explains that there is an apparent chemical difference between feathers and frills. Feathers contain protein called beta-keratin while frills do not. And the chemical analysis suggested that Sinosauropteryx’s structures contain proteinbeta-keratin.Last but not least, the reading puts emphasis on such a fact that lines around the backbone and the tail of the Sinosauropteryx cannot play the role of helping it fly or regulating its body temperature but common feathers have these functions. The lecturer, by contrasts mentions other functions of the feathers by using peacock as an example. The peacock has colorful feathers in its tail to attract the mate. Recent analysis has found that Sinosauropteryx’s structures are also colorful, which can also be used for display.独立写作：In modern society, there is no denying that our paces speed up. A small proportion of people who cannot keep up with this trend or resist the world for the fittest, may hold a viewpoint that a mutable society leads people to less satisfaction and mitigation of sense of happiness since such a world might cause the alienation between good fellows andcontamination of our environment; however, in my view, it is not the case. As a matter of fact, in a world changing more rapidly, people tend to become satisfied much more easily.First illustration which can demonstrate my opinion can be the trail of technological development. In the past five decades, millions of new inventions had appeared, entering our daily life, making it much more convenient. To name a good example, in 1896,Benz assembled the first three-wheel car in the world. Though it brought accidents and mortality to the world, we cannot deny the enjoyment of ferocious speed brought by cars, which made our jaunt convenient. We can simply drop by a old friend 100 miles, a distance taking at least half day before, away in one hour. Another good instance is the invention of smart phone. in 1972, Martin, the chief engineer in Moto devised the first portable telephone. Then, this innovation revolutionized out life. Just simply imagine what our life looked like without cell phones: people could not keep contact with their friends and exigent messages might be blocked. Then in 2007, Steve Jobs brought iPhone with Facetime to the world. The most significant aspect of Facetime is that this app allows us to communicate with actual image, not just voices. Then, how can we state that modern society steals the sense of fraternity among people?Second demonstration which can help me develop my view that a rapidly changing society makes people more satisfied is the use of new energy resources. We may still remember the Great Smog, one of the gravest air pollution accidents in our history due to the heavily gathered inversion layer of sulfur dioxide originated with burning of coal in 1950s, London. People died of respiratory diseases after inhalation of poisonous air. How can they live happily in a world brimmed with pollutions? But nowadays, we have developed newenergy resources to tackle this problem such as hydropower and wind power. To name an example, in 2007, nuclear power plants generate 14% of the total electricity of the US, thus saving tons of coals and reducing the level of inhalable particles. Recently, governments and organizations have taken measures to support researches of renewable resources and to find substitutes for fossil fuels. Natural reserves and sanctuaries are established, places of interest and spots are refurbished, and factories and manufacturers with pestilent exhaust are shut down. People therefore are provided with much more opportunities to relax by enjoying the beauty of nature.To draw a conclusion, in a world that is rapidly changing, we are offered a variety of brand-new experiences and highly evolved products, which make life much easier than before. We are in a world filled with convenience brought by high technologies that develop so fast. Then, how can we blame on the changing world while enjoying happiness and satisfactions originated from them?。
TPO31听力题目打印版
conversation 11. What are the speakers mainly discussing?A point about southern settlements that the student did not understand.A problem with an assignment on colonial shipping routes.Reasons why the student prefers to write a paper relates to architecture I.An aspect of colonial settlements the student wants to research.2. What is the professor's opinion about the student's interest in architecture?He thinks the student’s focus on architecture prevents her from broadening her perspective.He thinks it may contribute to her producing an interesting research paper.He hopes she will choose to major in both history and architecture.He suspects that it may not provide her with the necessary background for the paper she is writing.3. What does the professor want the student to do when they write their papers?Show a connection between history and another field in which they are interested.Develop a research topic that has not been investigated before.Explain how an aspect of United States culture has changed over time.Describe early difference between regions of the United States.4. Why does the professor mention medieval Europe?To point out an important difference Europe and the United StatesTo introduce a reason that the first European settlers moved to North American.To indicate the style of community planning followed by in the northern coloniesTo point out that urban planning has changed considerably since the medieval period5. What does the professor imply about storage and port facilities?They were one indicator of the emphasis put on trade in the southern colonies.They were a sign of something the northern and southern colonies had in common.They were multipurpose facilities also used for community meetings.They were designed to be similar to those found in Europe.Lecture 16. What is the main topic of the lecture?The history of Greek music from ancient times to the pastThe influence of ancient Greek music on the music of neighboring countriesThe characteristics of ancient Greek songsThe attitude of the ancient Greek toward music7. What two reasons does the professor give for approaching the lecture material as he does? Click on 2 answersWe have a limited idea of what ancient Greek music sounded like.The Greek philosophy of music influenced Western thoughtGreek music shared many characteristics with other types of ancient music.Greek melodies were admired by musicians from other cultures8. According to the professor, what did the ancient Greeks believe about music?That music connected them to their ancestors.That music allowed people express their individuality.That the same laws ruled music and the universe.That music could not be explained by mathematics.9. According to the professor, what was Plato's attitude toward music?Music had the power to help create the future leaders of a society.Music needed to be constantly evolving to keep up with social change .Music distracted attention from social problems.Music's primary purpose was entertainment.10. Why does the professor mention rock-and-roll music?To make a connection between ancient and modern attitudes toward music.To contrast its characteristics with the characteristics of ancient Greek music.To introduce a topic he will discuss later in the lectureTo find out what kind of music students in the class like best.11. Why does the professor say this?He does not think his opinions are relevant to class discussion.He believes his students can infer what he thinks.He wants the students to take Plato's ideas seriously.He does not want to influence his students' opinions.lecture 212. What is the lecture mainly about?How to predict the rate of tectonic plate movementA geologist’s attempt to determine the position of continents in the past.Some ideas about future movements of Earth's tectonic plates.The history of a debate between two plate tectonic theories.13. The professor states that some continues are currently moving northward and some are moving westward. Indicate the direction in which the continents are currently movingClick in the correct boxes.Northward WestwardAfricaAmericasAustralia14. What process is currently taking place in the Atlantic Ocean?One half of the ocean plate is sinking beneath the other half.New rock is forming between two sections of the ocean floorA subduction zone is forming at the eastern edge of the ocean floor.The ocean plate is moving away from the continental plates that are under the Americas.15. What long-term geoprediction do many geologists make?Continents will become smaller than they are now.Subduction will cause one continent to sink under an ocean.North and South America will move away from each other.The current continents will eventually join together.16. Based on the discussion, what happens when a continental plate and an oceanic plate collide? The edge of the oceanic plate moves down into the mantle.Slab pull causes the ocean floor to expand.New rock material rises to the surface at the subduction zone.Parts of each plate break off into the ocean.17. What is important difference between the two hypotheses discussed by the professor?They make different predictions about the direction in which the American continents will move.They make different predictions about how long it will tale for Pangaea Ultima to form.Only one predicts that Asia will eventually begin to move eastward.Only one predicts that some tectonic plates will eventually stop moving.conversation 21. What is the conversation mainly about?Proposed changes to an internship programA document that was not delivered on timeA canceled courseAn error in a registration record2. According to the student, how is his internship different from the internships the other students haveHe will be doing research in the open oceanHe will be teaching visitors about the displays at the aquariumHe will be writing a report about the regional center for marine researchHe will be spending more time in the classroom3. What two requirements did the student have to meet in order to get the internship? Click on 2 answersHe had to have volunteered previously at the aquariumHe had to be certified in scuba divingHe had to be a senior oceanography studentHe had to have experience collecting oceanographic data4. What does the student imply about Professor Leonard?She is not in charge of oceanography internshipsShe works at the regional center for marine researchShe will be able to help correct the mistake todayShe recommended the student for the internship5. What can be inferred about the woman when she says this?She feels her office has handled the situation correctlyShe is upset that she has to fix the problem herselfShe believes the student should have finalized his paperwork earlierShe wants to reassure the student that the problem will be addressed promptlylecture 36. What is the lecture mainly about?Reasons CoT starfish are attracted to coral reefsPossible causes of change in the CoT starfish populationEvidence that coral decline may not be related to CoT starfishProven ways to effective control the CoT starfish population7. According to the professor, what is the role of the grant triton snail in the coral reef ecosystem?It competes with CoT sta rfish for foodIts shells provides habitat for CoT starfishIt is a predator of CoT starfishIt can repair coral that has been damaged by CoT starfish8. How might fertilizer runoff effect CoT starfish population?It might increases the food supply fot young CoT starfishIt might wash away nutrients that are beneficial for CoT starfishIt might destory CoT starfish habitatsIt might make phytoplankton dangerous for CoT starfish to eat9. According to the professor, how might storms affect CoT starfish?Storms might interfere with CoT starfish's spawning cycleStorms might reduce the amount of plankton eaten by CoT starfishStorms might carry starfish predators close to reef systemStorms might reduce the number of feeding areas available to Cot starfish10. What does the professor say about controlling the CoT starfish population?It will be possible only after the causes of starfish population changes are better understood Recent discoveries about CoT starfish have made controlling its population easierEnforcing measures to limit runoff should be sufficient to control the starfish population Monitoring populations of young starfish will probably not be useful11. Why does the professor mention that CoT starfish eat fast-growing coral?To show the CoT starfish might benefit slow-growing coralTo explain fluctuation in the CoT starifsh populationTo indicate that the behavior of CoT starfish has changed over timeTo emphasize the danger posed vy CoT starfish to coral reefslecture 412. What is the lecture mainly about?Reasons why an ancient archaeological site was well preservedA controversy over where horses were first domesticatedFactors that led an ancient society to become nomadicEvidence that an ancient civilization used domesticated animals13. Why does the professor mention milking a wild horse?To point that the Botai people sometimes did not have enough foodTo compare the physical features of domesticated and Wild horseTo prove that the horses of the Botai people were domesticatedTo emphasize that horse milk was popular in some ancient societies14. What point does the professor make the horse bones found in the Botai settlements? They do not reveal information about horse domesticationThey are very different from the bones of modern horsesThey date to the period when the Botai people had become nomadsThey suggested that horses were first domesticated by another ancient people15. What does the professor imply about the people in ancient Kazakhstan when they started raising sheep and cattle?They found a way to protect livestock from harsh weather without traveling to the southern regionThey realized that a nomadic lifestyle offered benefits that outweighed the hard workThey had to learn the area due to a rapid increase in populationThey learned that growing crops is possible in the southern regions16. What does the professor imply about the people in ancient Kazakhstan when they started raising sheep and cattle?They found a way to protect livestock from harsh weather without traveling to the southern regionThey realized that a nomadic lifestyle offered benefits that outweighed the hard workThey had to learn the area due to a rapid increase in populationThey learned that growing crops is possible in the southern regions17. Why does the student say this?To point a contradiction in the professor's remarkTo propose a solution to the issue that the professor has just discussedTo find out if he understands correctly what the professor has just explainedTo show that he disagrees with the professor。
最新TPO 31 SPEAKING知识分享
TOEFL SPEAKING OF TPO 31Task 1Parents need to make sure their children lead healthy lives. What can parents do to help their children have healthy lifestyles?Preparation Time: 15 secondsResponse Time: 45 seconds____________________________________________________________________ Task 2Some university students choose to take difficult classes even if they know might not get a good grade in the class. Other students prefer to take easier classes in which they know they will get a good grade. Which do you prefer? Explain why.Preparation Time: 15 secondsResponse Time: 45 seconds____________________________________________________________________ Task 3Reading Time: 50 secondsStudents Need Access to Movie CollectionThe university library has a large collection of films on video and DVD that students can borrow. However, students aren’t allowed to go into the area where this items are kept. Instead, students need to request a movie title, and then library staff get it for them. I thinkstudents should be allowed to go into the area where the videos and DVDs are kept. First, it will be easier for students to choose a good movie because then they can easily see what is avai lable. Also, if students can get movie themselves, the university won’t have to pay extra library staff to help students.Sincerely,Rebecca SmithThe man expresses his opinion of student’s proposal. Briefly summarize the proposal. Then state his opinion about the proposal and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion. Preparation Time: 30 SecondsResponse Time: 60 Seconds_______________________________________________________________________________ Task 4Reading Time: 45 secondsMental AccountingAlthough they may not realize it, people do not always manage their money in responsible way. In their minds, people tend to divide their money into different categories as if they were putting it into separate mental bank accounts. This tendency is known as mental accounting. People mentally store some money in one account to be saved, while they imagine other money being stored in another account from which money can be taken and freely spent. Mental accounting can lead people to spend more money than they should, which can make it difficult for them to save enough to achieve their long-term financial goals.Using the examples from the professor’s lecture, explain the concept of mental accounting. Preparation Time: 30 SecondsResponse Time: 60 Seconds_______________________________________________________________________________ Task 5Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which of two solutions from the conversation you would recommend. Explain the reasons for your recommendation.Preparation Time: 20 SecondsResponse Time: 60 Seconds_______________________________________________________________________________ Task 6Using the example of the owl and the wolf, explain how two special body features have helped Artic animals adapt to the cold.Preparation Time: 20 SecondsResponse Time: 60 Seconds仓管员考核评分表（月度）考核期间：年月。
托福TPO31综合写作及材料原文 (细选2篇)
托福TPO31综合写作及材料原文(细选2篇)托福TPO31综合写作及材料原文1托福TPO31综合写作及材料原文2新托福TPO11综合写作材料及2A recent study reveals that people especially young people are reading far less literature – novels, plays, and poems –than they used to. This is troubling because the trend has unfortunate effects for the reading public, for culture in general, and for the future of literature itself.最近的研究显示人们，尤其是年轻人不再像以前那样爱读想小说、喜剧或者诗歌这类文学作品了。
这个现象是令人担忧的。
这是因为这对广大读者受众、对广义文化以及对于文学本身未来的发展都是非常不幸的。
While there has been a decline in book reading generally, the decline has been especially sharp for literature. This is unfortunate because nothing else provides the intellectual stimulation that literature does. Literature encourages us to exercise our imaginations, empathize with others, and expand our understanding of language. So, by reading less literature, the reading public is missing out on important benefits.在书籍阅读量下降的大气候下，文学类书籍阅读量下降更为明显。
tpo31口语task4范文
tpo31口语task4范文英文回答：In my opinion, it is important to have a hobby or an activity that I enjoy doing in my free time. Having a hobby not only helps me relax and unwind, but it also provides me with a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction. One of my favorite hobbies is playing the guitar.Playing the guitar has always been a passion of mine. I started playing when I was in high school and have been hooked ever since. Whenever I have some free time, I pick up my guitar and start strumming the strings. It is a great way for me to express myself and let go of any stress or worries.Not only does playing the guitar help me relax, but it also allows me to connect with others. I have joined alocal band and we often perform at different events and venues. It is a wonderful feeling to see the audienceenjoying our music and singing along. Music has a way of bringing people together and creating a sense of unity.中文回答：在我看来，拥有一个我喜欢的爱好或活动是很重要的。
托福TPO31口语Task2题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO31口语Task2题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO31独立口语Task2题目： Some university students choose to take difficult classes even if they know they might not get a good grade in the class. Other students prefer to take easier classes in which they know they will get a good grade. Which do you prefer? Explain why. 托福TPO31独立口语Task2满分范文： Personally speaking, I prefer to take difficult classes even if I know I might not get a good grade for several reasons. Firstly, taking difficult classes is a challenge that will benefit us in the long run as many skills can be developed through the challenges. For example, I took a literature class when I was still a freshman. At that point, I had a hard time understanding the readings. However, after finishing that class, I developed my communicating skills by frequently asking the professor and my classmates questions, which benefited my through my college. Besides, I can actually learn new things by taking difficult classes. There is no point of taking the same class over and over again. For example, my friend Jenny took two language courses in university and now she can speak four languages fluently. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO31口语Task2题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
2021年托福阅读PASSAGE 31 试题及答案
2021年托福阅读PASSAGE 31试题及答案PASSAGE 31Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants in rent. In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II.In 1943 the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve the problem of housing shortages during wartime. The federal program ended after the war, but in some locations, including New York City, controls continued. Under New York's controls, a landlord generally cannot raise rents on apartments as long as the tenants continue to renew their leases. In places such as Santa Monica, California, rent controls are more recent. They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's, which, combined with California's rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, as well as rents, to record levels. In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal government ordered landlords to roll back their rents to the levels charged in 1978. Future rents could only go up by two-thirds as much as any increase in the overall price level.In any housing market, rental prices perform three functions: (1) promoting the efficient maintenance of existing housing and stimulating the construction of new housing, (2) allocating existing scarce housing among competing claimants, and (3) rationing use of existing housing by potential renters.One result of rent control is a decrease in the construction of new rental units. Rent controls have artificially depressed the most important long-term determinant of profitability — rents. Consider some examples. In a recent year in Dallas, Texas, with a 16 percent rental vacancy rate but no rent control laws, 11,000 new housing units were built. In the same year, in San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were built. The major difference? San Francisco has only a 1.6 percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws. In New York City, except for government-subsidized construction, the only rental units being built are luxury units, which are exempt from controls. In Santa Monica, California, new apartments are not being constructed. New office rental space and commercial developments are, however. They are exempt from rent controls.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The construction of apartments in the United States.(B) Causes and effects of rent control(C) The fluctuations of rental prices(D) The shortage of affordable housing in the United States.2. The word "They" in line 9 refers to(A) the tenants(B) their leases(C) places(D) rent controls.3. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica,California?(A) rapid population growth(B) inflation(C) economic conditions during wartime(D) record-high housing prices4. The phrase "roll back" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) credit(B) measure(C) vary(D) reduce5. The word "stimulating" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) experimenting with(B) identifying(C) estimating(D) encouraging6. It can be inferred that the purpose of rent control is to(A) protect tenants(B) promote construction(C) increase vacancy rates(D) decrease sales of rental units7. The word "depressed" in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) saddened(B) created(C) lowered(D) defeated8. The information in the last paragraph supports which of the following statements?(A) San Francisco has eliminated its rent control laws.(B) Rent control leads to a reduction in the construction of housing units(C) Luxury apartments are rarely built when there is rent control(D) There is a growing need for government-subsidized housing.9. According to the passage , which of the following cities does NOT currently have rent controls?(A) Santa Monica(B) Dallas(C) San Francisco(D) New York City10. The word "stringent" in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) straightforward(B) strict(C) expanded(D) efficient11. According to the passage , which of the following is NOT exempt from rent control?(A) Luxury apartments(B) Commercial development(C) Moderately priced apartments(D) Office space.ANSWER KEYSPASSAGE 31 BDCDD ACBBB C。
托福口语：TPO31口语Task2参考答案
托福口语：TPO31口语Task2参考答案TPO31口语Task2题目：Some university students choose to take difficult classes even if they know they might not get a good grade in the class. Other students prefer to take easier classes in which they know they will get a good grade. Which do you prefer? Explain why.TPO31口语Task2参考答案(范文模板)：I prefer to take difficult classes instead of easier ones for two reasons. The first reason is that if a class is not difficult, that means that you’re not really learninganything. I’ve had many classes that were easy and I can’t reme mber anything about them because they were so easy. However, with difficult classes, I had to work really hard. Because of that, I remember almost every detail about them.The second reason is that, if a class isn’t hard, you won’t gain any real skills f or future employment. Everyone can do easy things, but if I have a skill that few other people have, that skill can carry me far and possibly evenhelp me have a better life financially.That’s why I prefer to take difficult classes instead of easier ones.。
TPO31听力题目
TPO311 what are the speakers mainly discussing?A a point about southern settlement that the student did not understandB a problem with an assignment on colonial shipping routeC reasons why the student refers to write a paper relates to architectureD an aspect of colonial settlements the student wants to research2 what is the professor’s opinion about the student’s interest in architecture?A he thinks the student focus on architecture prevents her from broadening her perspectiveB he thinks it may contribute to her producing an interesting research paperC he hopes she will choose to major in both history and architectureD he suspects that it may not provide her with the necessary background for the paper she is writing3 what does the professor want students to do when they write their papers?A show a connection between history and another field in which they are interestedB develop a research topic that has not been investigated beforeC explain how an aspect of United States culture has changed over timeD describe early difference between regions of United States4 why does the professor mention medieval Europe?A to point out an important difference between Europe and United StatesB to introduce a reason that the first European settlers moved to North AmericaC to indicate the style of community planning followed by in the northern coloniesD to point out that urban planning has changed considerably since the medieval period5 what does the professor imply about storage port facilities?A they were on indicator of the emphasis put on trade in the southern coloniesB they were a sign of something the northern and southern colonies have in commonC they were multipurpose facilities also used for community meetingsD they were designed to be similar to those found in Europe6 what is the main topic of the lecture?A the history of Greek music from ancient times to the pastB the influence of Greek music on the music of neighboring countriesC the characteristics of ancient Greek songsD the attitude of ancient Greek toward music7 what two reasons does the professor give for approaching the lecture material as he does? Click on 2 answersA we have a limited idea of what ancient Greek music sounded likeB the Greek philosophy of music influenced western thoughtC Greek music shared many characteristics with other types of ancient musicD Greek melodies were admired by musicians from other countries8 according to the professor, what did the ancient Greek believe about music?A that music connected them to their ancestorsB that music allowed them to express their individualityC that the same laws rule music and the universeD that music could not be explained by mathematics9 according to the professor, what was Plato’s attitude toward music?A music had the power to help create the future leader of a societyB music needed to be constantly evolving to keep up with social changesC music distracted attention from social problemsD music’s primary purpose was entertainment10 why does the pr ofessor mention rock’n’roll music?A to make a connection between ancient and modern attitude towards musicB to contrast its characteristics with the characteristics of ancient Greek musicC to introduce a topic he will discuss later in the lectureD to find out what kind of music students in the class like best11 why does the professor say this?A he does no think his opinions are relevant to class discussionB he believes his students can infer what he thinksC he wants the students to take Plato’s id ea seriouslyD he does not want to influence his students’ opinions12 what is the lecture mainly about?A how to predict the rate of tectonic plate movementB a geologist’s attempt to determine the position of continents in the pastC some ideas about fu ture movements of Earth’s tectonic platesD the history of a debate between two plate tectonic theories13 the professor’s state that some continents are currently moving northward and some are moving westward. Indicate the direction in which the continents are currently movingNorthward Westward AfricaAmericasAustralia14 what process is currently taking place in the Atlantic ocean?A on half of the ocean plate is sinking beneath the other halfB new rock is forming between two sections of the ocean floorC a subduction zone is forming at the eastern edge of the ocean floorD the ocean plate is moving away from the continental plates that are under the Americas15 what long term geo-prediction do many geologists make?A continents will become smaller than they are nowB subduction will cause one continent to sink under an oceanC north and south America will move away from each otherD the current continents will eventually join together16 based on the discussion, what happens when a continental plate and an oceanic plate collide?A the edge of the oceanic plate moves down int the mantleB slab pull causes the ocean floor to expandC new rock material rises to the surface at the subduction zoneD parts of each plate break off into the ocean17 what is an important difference between the two hypotheses discussed by the professor?A they make different predictions about the direction in which the American continents will moveB they make different predictions about how long it will take for Pangaea Ultima to formC only one predicts that Asia will eventually begin to move eastwardD only one predicts that some tectonic plates will eventually stop moving1 what is the conversation mainly about?A proposed changes to an internship programB a document that was not delivered on timeC a canceled courseD an error in a registration record2 according to the student, how is his internship different from the internship the other students have?A he will be doing research on the open oceanB he will be teaching visitors about the displays at the aquariumC he will be writing a report about the regional center for marine researchD he will be spending more time in the classroom3 what two requirements do the student have to meet in order to get the internship? Click on 2 answersA he had to have volunteered previously at the aquariumB he had to be certified in scuba divingC he had to be a senior oceanography studentD he had to have experience collecting oceanographic data4 what does the student imply about professor Leonard?A she is not in charge of oceanography internshipsB she works at the regional center for marine researchC she will be able to help correct the mistake todayD she recommended the student for the internship5 what can be inferred about the woman when she says this?A she feels her office has handled the situation correctlyB she is upset that she has to fix the problem herselfC she believes the student should have finished his paper work earlierD she wants to reassure the student that the problem will be addresed promptly6.what is the lecture mainly about?A reasons CoT starfish are attracted to coral reefsB possible causes of change in the CoT starfish populationC evidence that coral decline may not be related to CoT starfishD proven ways to effectively control the CoT starfish population7 according to the professor, what is the role of the giant triton snail in the coral reef ecosystem?A it competes with CoT starfish for foodB its shells provide habitat for CoT starfishC it is a predator of CoT starfishD it can repair coral that has been damaged by CoT starfish8 how might fertilizer runoff affect CoT starfish population?A it might increases the food supply for young CoT starfishB it might wash away nutrients that are beneficial for CoT starfishC it might destroy CoT starfish habitatsD it might make phytoplankton dangerous for CoT starfish to eat9 according to the professor, how might storms affect CoT starfish?A storms might interfere with CoT starfish’s spawning cycleB storms might reduce the amount of plankton eaten by CoT starfishC storms might carry starfish predators close to reef systemD storms might reduce the number of feeding areas available to Cot starfish10 what does the professor say about controlling the CoT starfish population?A it will be possible only after the causes of starfish population changes are better understoodB recent discoveries about CoT starfish have made controlling its population easierC enforcing measures to limit runoff should be sufficient to control the starfish populationD monitoring populations of young starfish will probably not be useful11 why does the professor mention that CoT starfish eat fast-growing coral?A to show the CoT starfish might benefit slow-growing coralB to explain fluctuation in the CoT starfish populationC to indicate that the behavior of CoT starfish has changed over timeD to emphasize the danger posed by CoT starfish to coral reefs12 what is the lecture mainly about?A reasons why an ancient archaeological site was well preservedB a controversy over where horses were first domesticatedC factors that led an ancient society to become nomadicD evidence that an ancient civilization used domesticated animals13 why does the professor mention milking a wild horse?A to point that the Botai people sometimes did not have enough foodB to compare the physical features of domesticated and wild horseC to prove that the horses of the Botai people were domesticatedD to emphasize that horse milk was popular in some ancient societies14 what point does the professor make the horse bones found in the Botai settlements?A they do not reveal information about horse domesticationB they are very different from the bones of modern horsesC they date to the period when the Botai people had become nomadsD they suggested that horses were first domesticated by another ancient people15 according to the professor, what can a large concentration of phosphorus in the soil indicate?Click on 2 answersA that a large number of horses were kept in the areaB that the diet of people who lived in the area included horse milkC that there were well-used fireplaces in the areaD that farming in that soil would have been extremely difficult16 what does the professor imply about the people in ancient Kazakhstan when they started raising sheep and cattle?A they found a way to protect livestock from harsh weather without traveling to the southern regionB they realized that a nomadic lifestyle offered benefits that outweighed the hard workC they had to learn the area due to a rapid increase in populationD they learned that growing crops is possible in the southern regions17 why does the student say this?A to point a contradiction in the professor’s remarkB to propose a solution to the issue that the professor has just discussedC to find out if he understands correctly what the professor has just explainedD to show that he disagrees with the professor。
tpo31口语文档
Task 3-Students Need Access to Movie CollectionNarratorNow listen to two students discussing the letter.Female StudentWhat do you think?Male StudentI don't think we need to change anything.Female StudentYou don't think she is right that it would be easier?Male StudentWell, I just don't think it's that difficult now. I mean, the library hasa really good computer system where you can easily see what they have intheir collection, see whaf s available and what's not.Female StudentYeah. You can always look through the titles on the library computers. Male StudentRight. And you don't even have to have an exact title in mind. I mean, you can just look for certain types of movies or movies with certain actors or whatever.Female StudentGood point.Male StudentAnd as far as what she said about the staff, the people who do that work are students who really need the money to pay for books and stuff. Female StudentTrue.Male StudentPlus, I am sure those students don't get paid that much to do the work. So I don't think it's going to put any strain on the university's budget.Task 4-Mental AccountingNarratorNow listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.ProfessorSo a good example of this is something that happened to me. When I was younger, I had an office job and I worked there every day during the week.And I made a regular salary from that. But also I worked as a waiter ata restaurant each weekend, so I made some money from doing that. Now, around this time, I decided I wanted to buy a house. So every time I got my regular paycheck from my job at the office, I'd save as much of the money from it as I could after I bought the basic stuff I needed. But with the money I made as a waiter that was another story.Somehow I guessthat money seemed separate from the money I earned at my regular job. SoI used the money I made at the restaurant to go out to dinner, to buy videosor CDs, things I didn't really need.But the thing is, it ended up taking me a really long time to save up all the money I needed to buy the house. And looking back now, I realize I could have bought the house a lot sooner if only I had saved more of the money I made working at the restaurant.Task 5-Picking up Grandma & Review SessionNarratorListen to a conversation between two students.Male StudentHey. Lin. Whaf s up?Female StudentOh. Just getting ready for my grandmother to come to town. She is flying in tomorrow to visit me for a few days at school.Male StudentOh. Yeah. Is she going to stay at your apartment?Female StudentYeah. It would be good. We can spend some time together and I can showher around campus and stuff.Male StudentSounds nice.Female StudentYeah. I am looking forward to it. But I am not sure what to do about pickingher up from the airport.Male StudentWhat do you mean?Female StudentWell, her flight gets in tomorrow. But the problem is, my biology professorscheduled a special review session...uh...for an upcoming biology exam at the same time I am supposed to pick her up. I didn't know there'd be this conflict.Male StudentOh. Well, how important is the review session? Do you think you can miss it to pick your grandmother up?Female StudentIt's optional. But this professor's review sessions are usually really helpful, he does a good job going over what's going to be on the exam. So it would be good to go, but... maybe I'll have to miss it.Male StudentIs there something else you could do?Female StudentYeah. Actually I spoke with my friend Mary and she offered to pick my grandma up from the airport.Male StudentGreat. Why don't you do that then?Female StudentMaybe. But Mary doesn't even know my grandmother. And I don't know howgrandma would feel about being picked up by a stranger. She'd probably be more comfortable being picked up by me.Male StudentOh. Well...Task 6-Arctic AnimalsNarratorListen to part of a lecture in a Biology class.ProfessorEven though it's cold and snow-covered, the Arctic houses many species of animals that manage to survive the harsh conditions there. These Arcticanimals have adapted to the extremely cold temperatures primarily becauseof certain body features that help them to survive in the cold Arctic climate. Let's look at a few of them.For one thing, many Arctic animals have developed a protective covering on their feet. The covering usually consists of fur or feathers which act as a protective layer between the cold and the animals' skin. Since they spend so much of their time on snowy, icy surfaces, whether they are standing on the ground or swimming in the water, they can easily lose heatthrough their feet. This is especially true of Arctic birds. A bird likethe Arctic Snowy Owl, for example, has feathers on its body the way other birds do. But unlike most birds, it also has feathers all over its feet.This shields and protects the feet from the icy ground so that very little of the owl's foot actually touches snowy or icy surfaces, which helps its feet to stay warm.Another physical characteristic that some Arctic animals share is having smaller bodies and smaller, shorter body parts. In other words, their bodies are often more compact than other animals'. And the parts of their bodies that stick out or protrude like the legs, ears or tails are smaller and shorter. And the result is that there is less body surface exposedto the cold air. A great example is the Arctic wolf. Unlike the larger grey wolves that live in warmer climates, Arctic wolves have relatively small, compact bodies that efficiently retain heat. They also have smaller ears and shorter legs so that they lose less body heat than animals with larger bodies or longer body parts. And in the climate where the temperature is below zero most of the year, that's very important.。
托福阅读TPO31原文答案解析译文
托福阅读TPO31原文答案解析译文智课网TOEFL备考资料托福阅读TPO31原文+答案解析+译文摘要：网上有关托福阅读TPO的资料有不少，但是不一定会适合你，原因是那些个内容可能里面只有有关和题目，甚至有的题目都没有，更别说答案解析的，为了弥补这一不足，小编特备来为大家分享一下自己整理的这一套资料，需要的不要吝啬，猛戳下载哦！托福阅读TPO31原文+答案解析+译文：TPO31 Speciation in Geographically Isolated PopulationsEvolutionary biologists believe that speciation, the formation of a new species, often begins when some kind of physical barrier arises and divides a population of a single species into separate subpopulations. Physical separation between subpopulations promotes the formation of new species because once the members of one subpopulation can no longer mate with members of another subpopulation, they cannot exchange variant genes that arise in one of the subpopulations. In the absences of gene flow between the subpopulations, genetic differences between the groups begin to accumulate Eventually the subpopulations become so genetically distinct that they cannot interbreed even if the physical barriers between them were removed. At this point the subpopulations have evolved into distinct species. This route to speciation is known as allopatry (“allo-” means “different”, and “patria” means “homeland”)Allopatric speciation may be the main speciation route. This should not be surprising,since allopatry is pretty common. In general, the subpopulations of most species are separated from each otherby some measurable distance. So even under normal situations the gene flow among the subpopulations is more of an intermittent trickle than a steady stream. In addition, barriers can rapidly arise and shut off the trickle. For example, in the 1800s a monstrous earthquake changed the course of the Mississippi River, a large river flowing in the central part of the United States of America. The change separated populations of insects now living along opposite shore, completely cutting off gene flow between them.Geographic isolation also can proceed slowly, over great spans of time. We find evidence of such extended events in the fossil record, which affords glimpses into the breakup of formerly continuous environments. For example, during past ice ages, glaciers advanced down through North America and Europe and gradually cut off parts of populations from one another. When the glacier retreated, the separated populations of plants and animals came into contact again. Some groups that had descended from the same parent population were no longer reproductively compatible —they had evolved into separate species. In other groups, however, genetic divergences had not proceeded so far, and the descendants could still interbreed —for them, reproductive isolation was not completed, and so speciation had not occurred.Allopatric speciation can also be brought by the imperceptibly slow but colossal movements of the tectonic plates that make up Earth’s surface. About 5 million years ago such geologic movements created the land bridge between North America and South America that we call the Isthmus of Panama. The formation of the isthmus had important consequences for global patterns of ocean water flow. While previously the gapbetween the continents had allowed a free flow of water, now the isthmus presented a barrier that divided the Atlantic Ocean from the Pacific Ocean. This division set the stage for allopatric speciation among populations of fishes and other marine species.In the 1980s, John Graves studied two populations of closely related fishes, one population from the Atlantic side of isthmus, the other from the Pacific side. He compared four enzymes found in the muscles of each population. Graves found that all four Pacific enzymes function better at lower temperatures than the four Atlantic versions of the sameenzymes. This is significant because Pacific seawater is typically 2 to 3 degrees cooler than seawater on the Atlantic side of isthmus. Analysis by gel electrophoresis revealed slight differences in amino acid sequence of the enzymes of two of the four pairs. This is significant because the amino acid sequence of an enzyme is determined by genes.Graves drew two conclusions from these observations. First, at least some of the observed differences between the enzymes of the Atlantic and Pacific fish populations were not random but were the result of evolutionary adaption. Second, it appears that closely related populations of fishes on both sides of the isthmus are starting to genetically diverge from each other. Because Graves’s study of geographically isolated populations of isthmus fishes offers a glimpse of the beginning of a process of gradual accumulation of mutations that are neutral or adaptive, divergences here might be evidence of allopatric speciation in process.1. T he word “promotes” in the passage is closest in meaning toA. describesB. encouragesC. delaysD. requires2. According to paragraph 1, allopatric speciation involves which of the following?A. The division of a population into subspecies.B. The reuniting of separated populations after they have become distinct species.C. The movement of a population to a new homeland.D. The absence of gene flow between subpopulations.3. Why does the author provide the information that “the subpopulations of most species are separated from each other by some measurable distance”?A. To indicate how scientists are able to determine whether subpopulations of a species are allopatric.B. To define what it means for a group of animals or plants to be a subpopulation.C. To suggest that allopatric speciation is not the only route to subpopulation.D. To help explain why allopatric speciation is a common way for new species to come about.4. The word “accumulate” in the passage is closest in meaning toA. Become more significantB. Occur randomly。
tpo31口语task3范文(推荐7篇)
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文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如工作总结、工作计划、合同协议、条据文书、策划方案、句子大全、作文大全、诗词歌赋、教案资料、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays for everyone, such as work summaries, work plans, contract agreements, doctrinal documents, planning plans, complete sentences, complete compositions, poems, songs, teaching materials, and other sample essays. If you want to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please stay tuned!tpo31口语task3范文(推荐7篇)tpo31口语task3范文第1篇（1)He does not support the university’s decision.(2）The current system is not bad， since the library has fine computers for students to see where the collections are.(3）The library mainly pays students money to do the work.Thus， it would not be a strain on the university’s budget.tpo31口语task3范文第2篇Bus Service Elimination PlannedThe university has decided to discontinue its free bus service for students.The reason given for this decision is that few students ride the buses and the buses are eXpensive to operate.Currently， the buses run from the center of campus past university buildings and through some of the neighborhoods surrounding the campus.The money saved by eliminating the bus service will be used to eXpand the overcrowded student parking lots.TPO2托福综合口语Task3听力文本：(Man): I dont like the universitys plan.(Woman): Really? Ive ridden those buses and sometimes there were only a few people on the bus.It did seem like a kind of a waste.(Man): I see your point， but I think the problem is that the route is out of date.It only goes to the neighborhood that have gotten too eXpensive for students to live in.It is ridiculous that they have not already changed route， you know，so it goes where most off-campus students live now.I bet if they did that， theyd get plenty of students riding those buses.(Woman): Well， at least they are adding more parking， it has gotten really tough to find a space.(Man): That is the other part I do not like，actually.Cutting back the bus service and adding parking just encourage more students to drive on campus and that just adds to noise around campus and create more traffic.And that II increase the need for more parking spaces.(Woman): Yeah， I guess I can see your point.Maybe it would be better if more students use the buses instead of driving.(Man): Right.And the university should make it easier to do that， not harder.tpo31口语task3范文第3篇Reading Part: Students Need Access to Movie Collection The university library has a large collection of films on video and DVD that students can borrow.However， students aren t allowed to go into the area where these items are kept Instead，students need to request a movie title， and then library staff get it for them.I think students should be allowed to go into the area where the videos and DVDs are kept.First， it will be easier for students to choose a good movie because then they can easily see what is available.Also， if students can get movies themselves， the university won t have to pay eXtra library staff to help students Sincerely， Rebecca Smith tpo31口语task3范文第4篇University Announces Energy-Saving PlanOut of concern for the environment， the university has announced an effort to reduce energy consumption.The energy saving measures will start at the library.One measure involves the library’s inside lighting: new overhead lights that use less power will be installed throughout the building.Another measure has to do with the temperature level in the library.The air-conditioning will be reduced on hot days， meaning that study areas will be kept somewhat warmer when it is hot outside.tpo31口语task3范文第5篇托福口语找到一个专业的外教进行练习还是很有必要的。
托福TPO31口语Task5听力文本+题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO31口语Task5听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO31口语Task5听力文本： NarratorListen to a conversation between two students. (Male) Hey. Lin. What's up? (Female) Oh. Just getting ready for my grandmother to come to town. She is flying in tomorrow to visit me for a few days at school. (Male) Oh. Yeah. Is she going to stay a.t your apartment? (Female) Yeah. It would be good. We can spend some time together and I can show her around campus and stuff. (Male) Sounds nice. (Female) Yeah. I am looking forward to it. But I am not sure what to do about picking her up from the airport. (Male) What do you mean? (Female) Well, her flight gets in tomorrow. But the problem is, my biology professor scheduled a special review session.. .uh.. .for an upcoming biology exam at the same time I am supposed to pick her up. I didn't know there'd be this conflict. (Male) Oh. Well, how important is the review session? Do you think you can miss it to pick your grandmother up? (Female) It's optional. But this professor's review sessions are usually really helpful, he does a good job going over what's going to be on the exam. So it would be good to go, but... maybe I'll have to miss it. (man) Is there something else you could do? (women) Yeah. Actually I spoke with my friend Mary and she offered to pick my grandma up from the airport. (man) Great. Why don't you do that then? (women) Maybe. But Mary doesn't even know my grandmother. And I don't know how grandma would feel about being picked up by a stranger. She'd probably be morecomfortable being picked up by me. (man) Oh. Well..." 托福TPO31口语Task5题目： Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which of the two solutions from the conversation you would recommend. Explain the reasons for your recommendation. 托福TPO31口语Task5满分范文： Well, the woman's problem is that she's got a schedule conflicts: she is going to pick up her grandma but she has a special review session to go to at that time. Accordingly, there're two solutions for her. First, she could miss her review session and go to pick up her grandma, and second, she could ask her friend for a favor to pick up her grandma from the airport for her. In my opinion, the woman should turn to her friend for help for two main reasons. Firstly, the special review session is obviously more important than picking up her grandma for the woman because it is always a common sense to all students that a special review session given by the professor is always about final papers or exams especially when a semester is ending. Secondly, I am sure that the woman's friend would be glad to do her such a favor. The woman could print her grandma’s name on a paper, and give her friend a photo of her grandma with her grandma's cellphone number on it, so surely her grandma and her friend can find each other at the airport. So I think the woman should take the second solution. (201 words) 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO31口语Task5听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
tpo31听力题
TPO31Conversation 11. What are the speakers mainly discussingo A point about southern settlements that the student did not understand.o A problem with an assignment on colonial shipping routes.o Reasons why the student prefers to write a paper relates to architectureo An aspect of colonial settlements the student wants to research.2. What is the professor’s opinion about the student’s interest in architectureo He thinks the student’s focus on architecture prevents her from broadening her perspect ive.o He thinks it may contribute to her producing an interesting research paper.o He hopes she will choose to major in both history and architecture.o He suspects that it may not provide her with the necessary background for the paper she is writing.3. What does the professor want the student to do when they write their paperso Show a connection between history and another field in which they are interested.o Develop a research topic that has not been investigated before.o Explain how an aspect of United States culture has changed over time.o Describe early difference between regions of the United States.4. Why does the professor mention medieval Europeo To point out an important difference between Europe and the United Stateso To introduce a reason that the first European settlers moved to North America.o To indicate the style of community planning followed by in the northern colonies.o To point out that urban planning has changed considerably since the medieval period.5. What does the professor imply about storage and port facilitieso They were one indicator of the emphasis put on trade in the southern colonies.o They were a sign of something the northern and southern colonies had in common.o They were multipurpose facilities also used for community meetings.o They were designed to be similar to those found in Europe.Lecture 16. What is the main topic of the lectureo The history of Greek music from ancient times to the pasto The influence of ancient Greek music on the music of neighboring countrieso The characteristics of ancient Greek songso The attitude of the ancient Greek toward music7. What two reasons does the professor give for approaching the lecture material as he doesClick on 2 answerso We have a limited idea of what ancient Greek music sounded like.o The Greek philosophy of music influenced western thought.o Greek music shared many characteristics with other types of ancient music.o Greek melodies were admired by musicians from other cultures.8. According to the professor, what did the ancient Greeks believe about musico That music connected them to their ancestors.o That music allowed people to express their individuality.o That the same laws ruled music and the universe.o That music could not be explained by mathematics.9. According to the professor, what was Plato’s attitude toward musico Music had the power to help create the future leaders of a society.o Music needed to be constantly evolving to keep up with social change.o Music distracted attention from social problems.o Music’s primary purpose was entertainment.10. Why does the professor mention rock-and-roll musico To make a connection between ancient and modern attitudes toward music.o To contrast its characteristics with the characteristics of ancient Greek music.o To introduce a topic he will discuss later in the lectureo To find out what kind of music students in the class like best.11. Why does the professor say thiso He does not think his opinions are relevant to class discussion.o He believes his students can infer what he thinks.o He wants the students to take Plato’s ideas seriously.o He does not want to influence his students’ opinions.Lecture 212. What is the lecture mainly abouto How to predict the rate of tectonic plate movemento A geologist’s attempt to determine the position of continents in the past.o Some ideas about future movements of Earth’s tectonic plates.o The history of a debate between two plate tectonic theories.13. The professor states that some continents are currently moving northward and some are moving westward. Indicate the direction in which the continents are currently moving.Click in the correct boxes.Northward WestwardAfricaAmericasAustralia14. What process is currently taking place in the Atlantic Oceano One half of the ocean plate is sinking beneath the other half.o New rock is forming between two sections of the ocean floor.o A subduction zone is forming at the eastern edge of the ocean floor.o The ocean plate is moving away from the continental plates that are under the Americas.15. What long-term geopredictions do many geologists makeo Continents will become smaller than they are now.o Subduction will cause one continent to sink under an ocean.o North and South America will move away from each other.o The current continents will eventually join together.16. Based on the discussion, what happens when a continental plate and an oceanic plate collideo The edge of the oceanic plate moves down into the mantle.o Slab pull causes the ocean floor to expand.o New rock material rises to the surface at the subduction zone.o Parts of each plate break off into the ocean.17. What is the important difference between the two hypotheses discussed by the professoro They make different predictions about the direction in which the American continents will move.o They make different predictions about how long it will take for Pangaea Ultima to form.o Only one predicts that Asia will eventually begin to move eastward.o Only one predicts that some tectonic plates will eventually stop moving.Conversation 21. What is the conversation mainly abouto Proposed changes to an internship programo A document that was not delivered on timeo A canceled courseo An error in a registration record2. According to the student, how is his internship different from the internships the other students have o He will be doing research in the open oceano He will be teaching visitors about the displays at the aquariumo He will be writing a report about the regional center for marine researcho He will be spending more time in the classroom3. What two requirements did the student have to meet in order to get the internshipClick on 2 answerso He had to have volunteered previously at the aquariumo He had to be certified in scuba divingo He had to be a senior oceanography studento He had to have experience collecting oceanographic data4. What does the student imply about Professor Leonardo She is not in charge of oceanography internshipso She works at the regional center for marine researcho She will be able to help correct the mistake todayo She recommended the student for the internship5. What can be inferred about the woman when she says thiso She feels her office has handled the situation correctlyo She is upset that she has to fix the problem herselfo She believes the student should have finalized his paperwork earliero She wants to reassure the student that the problem will be addressed promptly6. What is the lecture mainly abouto Reasons CoT starfish are attracted to coral reefso Possible causes of change in the CoT starfish populationo Evidence that coral decline may not be related to the CoT starfisho Proven ways to effective control the CoT starfish population7. According to the professor, what is the role of the grant triton snail in the coral reef ecosystem o It completes with CoT starfish for foodo Its shells provides habitat for CoT starfisho It is a predator of CoT starfisho It can repair coral that has been damaged by CoT starfish8. How might fertilizer runoff affect CoT starfish populationo It might increases the food supply for young CoT starfisho It might wash away nutrients that are beneficial for CoT starfisho It might destroy CoT starfish habitatso It might make phytoplankton dangerous for CoT starfish to eat9. According to the professor, how might storms affect CoT starfisho Storms might interfere with CoT starfish’s spawning cycleo Storms might reduce the amount of plankton eaten by CoT starfisho Storms might carry starfish predators close to reef systemo Storms might reduce the number of feeding areas available to CoT starfish.10. What does the professor say about controlling the CoT starfish populationo It will be possible only after the causes of starfish population changes are better understoodo Recent discoveries about CoT starfish have made controlling its population easiero Enforcing measures to limit runoff should be sufficient to control the starfish populationo Monitoring populations of young starfish will probably not be useful11. Why does the professor mention that CoT starfish eat fast-growing coralo To show that CoT starfish might benefit slow-growing coralo To explain fluctuation in the CoT starfish populationo To indicate that the behavior of CoT starfish has changed over timeo To emphasize the danger posed by CoT starfish to coral reefs12. What is the lecture mainly abouto Reasons why an ancient archaeological site was well preservedo A controversy over where horses were first domesticatedo Factors that led an ancient society to become nomadico Evidence that an ancient civilization used domesticated animals13. Why does the professor mention milking a wild horseo To point out that the Botai people sometimes did not have enough foodo To compare the physical features of domesticated and wild horseo To prove that the horses of the Botai people were domesticatedo To emphasize that horse milk was popular in some ancient societies14. What point does the professor make from the horse bones found in the Botai settlementso They do not reveal information about horse domesticationo They are very different from the bones of modern horseso They date to the period when the Botai people had become nomadso They suggested that horses were first domesticated by another ancient people15. According to the professor, what can a large concentration of phosphorus in the soil indicateClick on 2 answerso That a large number of horses were kept in the areao That the diet of people who lived in the area included horse milko That there were well-used fireplaces in the areao That farming in that soil would have been extremely difficult16. What does the professor imply about the people in ancient Kazakhstan when they started raising sheep and cattleo They found a way to protect livestock from harsh weather without travelling to the southern regiono They realized that a nomadic lifestyle offered benefits that outweighed the hard worko They had to leave the area due to a rapid increase in populationo They learned that growing crops is possible in the southern region.17. Why does the student say thiso To point out a contradiction in the professor’s remarko To propose a solution to the issue that the professor has just discussedo The find out if he understands correctly what the professor has just explainedo To show that he disagrees with the professor。
TPO31听力详细解析及精确文本 Section1
5. What does the professor imply about storage and port facilities? A. They were one indicator of the emphasis put on trade in the southern colonies. B. They were a sign of something the northern and southern colonies had in common. C. They were multipurpose facilities also used for community meetings. D. They were designed to be similar to those found in Europe.
2. What is the professor’s opinion about the student’s interest in architecture? A. He thinks the student’s focus on architecture prevents her from broadening her perspective. B. He thinks it may contribute to her producing an interesting research paper. C. He hopes she will choose to major in both history and architecture. D. He suspects that it may not provide her with the necessary background for the paper she is writing.
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TOEFL SPEAKING OF TPO 31
欧阳光明（2021.03.07）
Task 1
Parents need to make sure their children lead healthy lives. What can parents do to help their children have healthy lifestyles?
Preparation Time: 15 seconds
Response Time: 45 seconds
__________________________________________________________ __________
Task 2
Some university students choose to take difficult classes even if they know might not get a good grade in the class. Other students prefer to take easier classes in which they know they will get a good grade. Which do you prefer? Explain why.
Preparation Time: 15 seconds
Response Time: 45 seconds
__________________________________________________________ __________
Task 3
Reading Time: 50 seconds
Students Need Access to Movie Collection
The university library has a large collection of films on video and DVD
that students can borrow. However, students aren’t allowed to go into the area where this items are kept. Instead, students need to request a movie title, and then library staff get it for them. I think students should be allowed to go into the area where the videos and DVDs are kept. First, it will be easier for students to choose a good movie because then they can easily see what is available. Also, if students can get movie themselves, the university won’t have to pay extra library staff to help students. Sincerely,
Rebecca Smith
The man expresses his opinion of student’s proposal. Briefly summarize the proposal. Then state his opinion about the proposal and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.
Preparation Time: 30 Seconds
Response Time: 60 Seconds
__________________________________________________________ _____________________
Task 4
Reading Time: 45 seconds
MentalAccounting
Although they may not realize it, people do not always manage their money in responsible way. In their minds, people tend to divide their money into different categories as if they were putting it into separate mental bank accounts. This tendency is known as mental accounting.
People mentally store some money in one account to be saved, while they imagine other money being stored in another account from which money can be taken and freely spent. Mental accounting can lead people to spend more money than they should, which can make it difficult for them to save enough to achieve their long-term financial goals.
Using the examples from the professor’s lecture, explain the concept of mental accounting.
Preparation Time: 30 Seconds
Response Time: 60 Seconds
__________________________________________________________ _____________________
Task 5
Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which of two solutions from the conversation you would recommend. Explain the reasons for your recommendation.
Preparation Time: 20 Seconds
Response Time: 60 Seconds
__________________________________________________________ _____________________
Task 6
Using the example of the owl and the wolf, explain how two special body features have helped Artic animals adapt to the cold.
Preparation Time: 20 Seconds
Response Time: 60 Seconds。