2011年10月广东省英语教育 英语语言学真题 (06422)
2011年高考英语广东卷(word精校版)
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东A卷）英语Ⅰ. 语言知识及应用(共两节。
满分35分)第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes, The 1 has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by 2 situation that has designed for the 3 children.There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However, to take these 5 out of the regular classes may create serious problems.I observed a number of 6 children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a 7 class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying 8 on their teachers‟ directions. In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they began to reflect 9 on many problems, some of which were not on the school program.Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning. However this 11 is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these 12 simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are 13 . Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they 14 so goes far beyond the work they have in school. Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious. The gifted child whop is bored is an 15 child.1. A. principle B. theory C. arguments D. classification2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living3. A. smart B. curious C. mature D. average4. A. regular B. special C. small D. creative5. A. children B. programs C. graduates D. designs6. A. intelligent B. competent C. ordinary D. independent7. A. separate B. regular C. new D. boring8. A. specially B. slightly C. wrongly D. heavily9. A, directly B. cleverly C. voluntarily D. quickly10. A. doubted B. bored C. worried D. tired11. A. concern B. conclusion C. reflection D. interest12. A. students B. adults C. scholars D. teachers13. A. talented B. worried C. learned D. interested14. A. believe B. think C. say D. feel15. A. outstanding B. intelligent C. anxious D. ordinary第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16～25的相应位置上。
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)英语答案(A卷)
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）英语试题解析Ⅰ. 语言知识及应用(共两节。
满分35分)第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes, The 1 has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by 2 situation that has designed for the 3 children.There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However, to take these 5 out of the regular classes may create serious problems.I observed a number of 6 children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a7 class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying 8 on their teachers’ directions. In the regular class, having no worry about ke（）eping up, they began to reflect 9 on many problems, some of which were not on the school program.Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning. However this 11 is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these 12 simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are 13 . Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they 14 so goes far beyond the work they have in school. Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious. The gifted child whop is bored is an 15 child.1. A. principle B. theory C. arguments D. classification2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living3. A. smart B. curious C. mature D. average4. A. regular B. special C. small D. creative5. A. children B. programs C. graduates D. designs6. A. intelligent B. competent C. ordinary D. independent7. A. separate B. regular C. new D. boring8. A. specially B. slightly C. wrongly D. heavily9. A, directly B. cleverly C. voluntarily D. quickly10. A. doubted B. bored C. worried D. tired11. A. concern B. conclusion C. reflection D. interest12. A. students B. adults C. scholars D. teachers13. A. talented B. worried C. learned D. interested14. A. believe B. think C. say D. feel15. A. outstanding B. intelligent C. anxious D. ordinary第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16～25的相应位置上。
广东自考英语说话学真题
2011年1月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷课程代码06422）I.Blank-filling (20%)Fill in the following blanks with a word ,whose initial letter has been given.1. The 3 branches of phonetics are labeled articulatory phonetics ,auditory phonetics ,and a__________ phonetics.2. When 2 different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings ,they are said to be in a m_________ pair .3. R__________ motivation refers to the fact that learners learn a second language for external purposes .4. Later Noam Chomsky prefers this innate endowment as UG ,i.e. U_____ Grammar.5. In "NP → （Deg )A(pp)……", the dots in the rule indicate that other c________ options are available .6. The articulatory apparatus of human being are contained in 3 important areas :the p______ cavity，the oral cavity ,and the nasal cavity.7. L________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community .8. H________ refers to the sense relation between a more general ,more inclusive word and a more specific word .9. The description of a language at a given point in time is a s______ study.10. The study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication is called p_________.11. The structure corresponding to the final syntactic output of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations is called s______ structure.12. The term d________, first used by Ferguson in 1959,refers to a sociolinguistic situation similar to bilingualism .13. Learners' independent system of the second language which is of neither the second language is known as i______.14. The sound ［p］in pit is pronounced with a strong puff of air, which is said to be a________.15. C_______ model states that in word comprehension words are analyzed by hearers from beginning to end.16. S______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form and is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form .17. Major lexical categories are Noun, Verb , Adjective , and P___________.18. S_______ is the sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between linguistic and society between the uses of language and social structures.19. P________ is concerned with the progress of language comprehension and production.20. Linguistics studies not any particular language ,but languages in g____.II. Multiple choice(20%)Choose the best answer to the following items.21. __refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed .A.SyntaxB. EtymologyC. LexicologyD. Morphology22. ___ aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication .A. PhoneticsB. PhonemicsC. PhonologyD. Phonotactics23. Language ___ refers to a natural ability for learning a second language.A. aptitudeB. competenceC. performanceD. attitude24. ___ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional ,social, gender, and age variations .A. IdiolectB. PidginC. SociolectD. Creole25. A(n) ___ is a word formed by combining parts of other words , e.g. smog .A. back -formationB. blendC. abbreviationD. clipping26. The traditional and the only way to study the brain in the past was through ____ studies .A. experimentalB. surgicalC. autopsyD. observational27.___ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form ,i.e. Different words are identical in sound or spelling ,or in both .A. PolysemyB. SynonymC. HomophoneD. Homonymy28.The arrow in the phrase structure rule "S→NP VP " is read as ___.A. is equal toB. generatesC. hasD. consists of29.___ of neighbouring sound is , for the most part ,caused by articulatory or physiological progress .A. AssimilationB. FormalizationC. DerivationD. Patterning30.The drive that people learn a foreign language because of the wish to identify with the target culture is called ____ motivation .A. instrumentalB. resultativeC. integrativeD. intrinsic31There are different types of affixes pr morphemes .The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as a(n) __.A.derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form32.If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyzed the language people actually use ,it is said to be ___A. descriptiveB. prescriptiveC. synchronicD. diachronic33.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by __ in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD.M.A.K Halliday34. Of the following sound combination ,only ___ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English .A. mibleB. bmilC. imlbD. ilbm35 Which of the following English words is formed by clipping ?A. smogB.UNESCOC. baby-sitD. disco36 Of the following words ,____ belongs to the open class word .A. emaiB. butC. theD. they37 The sense relation for the pair of words "doctor and patient "is __A. synonymyB. hyponymyC. antonymyD. homonymy38 In learning a foreign language,instances of mother tongue interference can be found act the level of ___.A. pronunciationB. vocabularyC. syntaxD. all of the above39 According to F .de Saussure,____ refers to the system of language .A. langueB. paroleC. competenceD. performance40.The utterance "We 're already working 25 hours a day, 8 days a week " obviously violates the maxim of ___A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. mannerIII. True of false judgement (20%)Judge whether the following statements are true or false .Write T in ye corresponding bracket for a true statement and F for a false one .41.Damage to parts of the brain in front of the central sulcus will cause fluent aphasia .42.D-structure is formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head's supercanonization properties .43.An illocution act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something .It is the consequence of the utterance .44.The LAD was described as an imaginary "black box "which is said to contain rules that are specific only to human languages .ponential analysis is a way proposed by the structure semantics to analyze lexical word meaning .46.Garden path sentence is an awkward sentence that misleads the speakers and takes them down the garden path to a wrong direction .47.Acronyms are words derives from the initials and ending of several words .48. Diglossia refers to the dialect having to do with separation brought about by different social conditions.49.In daily life people often see the situation in which adult speak differently when talking to little children ,they use a special speech called motherese.50.Phonology is the study of how speech sounds are produced by human speech organsIV. Explain the following notions briefly (25%)51.broad transcription vs narrow transcription52.selection restriction53.speech act theory54.Critical Period Hypothesis55.Draw a tree diagram for the surface structure of "A man will find the dog"V. Write a passage of 120-150 words on the following topic .(15%)56. What are the major views concerning the study of meaning ?部分参考答案：1. acoustic2. minimal3. Resultative4. Universal5. complement6. pharyngeal7. Langue8. Hyponymy9.synchronic 10. pragmatics11.surface 12. diaglossia 13. Interlanguage 14. aspirated 15. Cohort16. Sense 17. Preposition 18. Siciolinguistics 19. Psycholinguistics 20. general21. D 22.C 23.A 24.A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28.D 29. A 30.C31. C 32.A 33.C 34. A 35.D 36. A 37. C 38.D 39.A 40.A41.F 42.F 43. F 44.T 45.T 46. F 47. F 48.F 49. T 50.F2011年10月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷（课程代码06422）I.Blank-filling (20%)Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.1. The totality of linguistic varieties possessed by an individual constitutes his linguistic r_______.2. I________ motivation refers to learners learning the second language for enjoyment or pleasure from learning.3. The phonetic transcription, n______ transcription ,is normally used by phoneticians to give minute and detailed descriptions of speech sounds.4. The way that new words are coined from already existing words by “subtracting ” an affix thou ght to be part of the old word is called b_______.5. The meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components called semantic f_______.6. In addition to social changes, one of the most pervasive sources of language change seems to be the continual process of cultural t________ across generations.7. P______ is the study of sounds used in linguistic communication.8. When the vocal cords are drawn wide apart to let air go through without vibration, the sounds thus produced are v_________.9. The social group that is singled out for any special study is named as the s_______ community.10. According to N. Chomsky, c________ refers to the ideal user ’s knowledge of the rules of his language .11. P_____ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.12. The notion of c_______ is essential to the pragmatic study of language.13. Damage to parts of the left cortex behind the central sulcus results in a type of aphasia called f_____ aphasia.14. The c__________ view of meaning is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.15. Lexical d________ task is a kind of experiment psycholinguistics employ to investigate lexical access.16. A theory which explicitly employs the notion “concept”is the semantic t________ proposed by Ogden and Richards in their book The Meaning of Meaning.17. Clear [ l ] and dark [ l ] are allophones of the same one phoneme /l/. They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c_________ distribution.18. Since there are often intermediate forms between the two members of an antonymous pair, so they are called g________ antonyms.19. S_______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.20. A t_______ experiment is a technique that is used to study the determinants of sentence processing difficulty.II. Multiple choice(15%)Choose the best answer to the following items.21. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes,_______, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed , added , lost or altered.A. phrasesB. sentencesC. morphemesD. utterance22. The consonant [ f ] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features :A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced , bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative23.The study of language as a whole is often called ______.A. universal linguisticsB. common linguisticsC. prescriptive linguisticsD. general linguistics24.In the phrase structure rule “S→NP VP”，the arrow can be read as _______.A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates25.The illocutionary point of _____is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.A. representativesB. commissivesC. expressives D declarations26.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _____ in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD.M.A.F. Halliday27._____ motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language because of the wish to identify with the target culture.A. InstrumentalB. FunctionalC. IntegrativeD. Social28.While different words may have the same or similar meaning , the same word may have more than one meaning. This kind of words are called _________.A. polysemic wordsB. homographsC. homonymsD. synonyms29.The term _____ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language changes over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparative30.Speech act theory was originated with the British p hilosopher ____ in the late 50’s of the 20th century.A. M.A.F. HallidayB. L. Bloomfield C . J. Searle D. J. Austin31.If the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for correct and standard behavior in using language ,it is said to be _______.A. descriptiveB. prescriptiveC. synchronicD. diachronic32.In the case of spit, the consonant [ p ] is said to be _____.A. aspiratedB. voicedC. unaspiratedD. unprounceable33.What the element “-es ” indicates is third person singular ,present tense ,the element “-ed ” past tense, and “-ing ”progressive aspect .Since they are the smallest units of language and meaningful ,they are also _______.A. phonemesB. phonesC. allophonesD. morphemes34.Syn oymous are classified into several kinds .This kind to which ‘girl ’ and‘lass ’ belong is called ___ synonyms.A. stylisticB. dialectalC. emotiveD. collocational35.In a speech community People have something in common _____: a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it..A.sociallyB. linguisticallyC. culturallyD. pragmaticallyIII. True of false judgement (20%)36. The interactionist view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops .37. A creole is said to be formed when a pidgin has become the primary language of a speech community ,and is acquired by the children of that speech community as their native language .38. Garden path sentence is an awkward sentence that misleads the speakers and takes them down the garden path to a wrong direction .39. A phoneme is the smallest linguistic unit of sound that can distinguish two words .40. Register refers to the type of utterance which is selected as appropriate to the type oftypology .41. Phonology studies the functioning of the speech sounds.42. Predication analysis was proposed by the British linguist J. Searle to analyze the meaning of utterance .43. Specifiers have both special semantic and syntactic roles since they help make more precise the meaning of the head and mark a phrase boundary.44. Different language offer people different ways of expressing the world around, they think and speak differently, this is also known as linguistic relativity.45. Metacognitive strategies deal with the wayside learners interact or communicate with other speakers, native or non-native .IV. Explain the following notions briefly (25%)46. derivational morpheme47. IPA( International Phonetic Alphabet)48. cultural transmission49. Deep Structure vs. Surface Structure50. The naming theoryV. Essay question (20%)51. According to Austin ,what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making an utterance ? Give an example.参考答案1.repertoire2.Intrinsic3.narrow4.back-formation5.features6.transmission7.Phon ology8.voiceless9.speech petence11.Parole 12.context 13. fluent14.contextualist 15.dicision16.triangle plementary 18.gradable 19.Sense20.timed-reading21. C 22. B 23.D 24. B 25.C 26.C 27.C 28. A 29.B 30.C31.B 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.B36.T 37.T 38.F 39.T 40.F 41.T 42. F 43. T 44.T 45. F46. Morphemes that change the meaning or lexical category of the words to which they attach. 47. It isa standardized and internationally accepted system of phonetic transcription.48. While human capacity for language has a genetic basis, i.e., we were all born with the ability to ac quire language, the details of any language system are not genetically transmitted, but instead have to be taught and learned.Language is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning, rather than by i nstinct 49. The first, formed by the XP rule in a accordance with the head's subcategorization propertie s ,is called deep stmcture.The second, corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate tr ansformations, is called surface structure50. One of the oldest notions concerning meaning, and also a very primitive one, was the naming theor y proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato. The words used in a language are taken to be labels of t he objects they stand for.51. locutionary act ------the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It‟s an act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology. Namely .,the act of s aying something :the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and reference.(言内行为指的是用句子来叙述，报告，描写。
2011广东高考英语试题及答案解析完整版
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)英语Ⅰ. 语言知识及应用(共两节，满分35分)第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes。
The 1 has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by 2 situation that has designed for the 3 children.There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However, to take these 5 out of the regular classes may create serious problems.I observed a number of 6 children who were taken out of a special class and placed ina 7 class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying8 on their teachers’ directions. In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they began to reflect 9 on many problems, some of which were not on the school program.Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning. However this 11 is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these 12 simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are 13 . Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they 14 so goes far beyond the work they have in school. Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious. The gifted child who is bored is an 15 child.1. A. principle B. theory C. arguments D. classification2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living3. A. smart B. curious C. mature D. average4. A. regular B. special C. small D. creative5. A. children B. programs C. graduates D. designs6. A. intelligent B. competent C. ordinary D. independent7. A. separate B. regular C. new D. boring8. A. specially B. slightly C. wrongly D. heavily9. A, directly B. cleverly C. voluntarily D. quickly10. A. doubted B. bored C. worried D. tired11. A. concern B. conclusion C. reflection D. interest12. A. students B. adults C. scholars D. teachers13. A. talented B. worried C. learned D. interested14. A. believe B. think C. say D. feel15. A. outstanding B. intelligent C. anxious D. ordinary第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16～25的相应位置上。
2010—2011年广东省中考英语真题及答案
2010年广东省初中毕业生学业考试英语全卷共10页，满分为150分，考试用时100分钟。
一、听力理解( 本大题分为A、B、C、D四部分，共25小题，共30分 )A. 听句子 ( 本题有5小题，每小题1分，共5分 )根据所听句子的内容和所提的问题，选择符合题意的图画回答问题，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。
每小题听一遍。
1. Who is the speaker’s friend ?A B C2. Where did the boy go yesterday ?A B C3. How will the weather be tomorrow ?A B C4. What does Jim do after dinner ?A B C5. Which sport does Lily like ?A B CB、听对话( 本题有10小题，每小题1分，共l 0分)回答每段对话后面的问题，在各题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
并将其字母编号填写在答卷相应题目的答题位置上。
若用答题卡答题，则将答题卡上对应题目的选项涂黑。
每段对话听两遍。
听第一段对话，回答第6小题。
6. What does Grace think of her day off ?A. BoringB. TerribleC. Wonderful听第二段对话，回答第7小题。
7. How will the woman go to Shanghai ?A. By planeB. By trainC. By bus听第三段对话，回答第八题.8. When will the man get to the hotel ?A. At 10:00B. At 10:15C. At 10:30听第四段对话，回答第9题。
9. What color is the cap ?A. RedB. BlueC. Black听第五段对话，回答第10小题。
10. Why is Paul so successful in his work ?A. Because he never makes any mistakes.B. Because he always thinking of othersC. Because he can answer questions quickly. 听第六段对话，同答第11—12小题。
2011年高考英语试题(广东A卷) 试题与答案
2011年高考英语试题（广东A卷）试题与答案Ⅰ. 语言知识及应用(共两节。
满分35分)第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes, The 1 has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by 2 situation that has designed for the 3 children.There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However, to take these 5 out of the regular classes may create serious problems.I observed a number of 6 children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a 7 class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying 8 on their teachers’directions. In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they began to reflect 9 on many problems,some of which were not on the school program.Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning. However this 11 is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these 12 simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are 13 . Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they 14 so goes far beyond the work they have in school. Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious. The gifted child whop is bored is an 15 child.1. A. principle B. theory C. arguments D. classification2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living3. A. smart B. curious C. mature D. average4. A. regular B. special C. small D. creative5. A. children B. programs C. graduates D. designs6. A. intelligent B. competent C. ordinary D. independent7. A. separate B. regular C. new D. boring8. A. specially B. slightly C. wrongly D. heavily9. A, directly B. cleverly C. voluntarily D. quickly10. A. doubted B. bored C. worried D. tired11. A. concern B. conclusion C. reflection D. interest12. A. students B. adults C. scholars D. teachers13. A. talented B. worried C. learned D. interested14. A. believe B. think C. say D. feel15. A. outstanding B. intelligent C. anxious D. ordinary第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16～25的相应位置上。
2011高考英语阅读理解真题(广东卷)(英语学习).doc
2011高考英语阅读理解真题（广东卷）（英语学习）A year after graduation, I was offered a position teaching a writing class. Teaching was a profession I had never seriously considered, though several of my stories had been published. I accepted the job without hesitation, as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis. My father went by the same name, and I liked to imagine people getting the two of us confused. “Wait a minute” someone might say, “are you talking about Mr. Davis the retired man, or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar”The position was offered at the last minute, and I was given two weeks to prepare, a period I spent searching for briefcase (公文包) and standing before my full-length mirror, repeating the words, “Hello, class. I’m Mr. Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a 12-year-old boy.I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves. I had cut them myself out of orange construction paper. I saw nine students along a long table. I handed out the cards, and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breastpockets as I required.“All right then,” I said. “Okey, here we go.” Then I opened my briefcase and realized that I had never thought beyond this moment. I had been thinking that the students would be the first to talk, offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of the day. I had imagined that I would sit at the edge of the desk, overlooking a forests of hands. Every student would yell. “Calm down, you’ll all get your turn. One at a time, one at a time!”A terrible silence ruled the room, and seeing no other opinions, I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment.36. The author took the job to teach writing because ______.A. he wanted to be expectedB. he had written some storiedC. he wanted to please his fatherD. he had dreamed of being a teacher37. What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 2A. He would be aggressive in his first class.B. He was well-prepared for his first class.C. He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.D. He waited long for the arrival of his first class.38. Before he started his class, the author asked the students to ______.A. write down their suggestions on the paper cardsB. cut maple leaves out of the construction paperC. cut some cards out of the construction paperD. write down their names on the paper cards39. What did the students do when the author started his classA. They began to talk.B. They stayed silent.C. They raised their hands.D. They shouted to be heard.40. The author chose the composition topic probably because ______.A. he got disappointed with his first classB. he had prepared the topic before classC. he wanted to calm down the studentsD. he thought it was an easy topic【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。
2011年广东高考英语阅读真题(含答案及评分标准)
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（英语广东卷阅读部分）Ⅱ. 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)第一节阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AIn the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, bur sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others often, we try bevery way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them.Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning (按喇叭) or even shouting at me. At the moment I decided to do something I had never done in twenty fore years of driving. I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.No more angry shouts and no more horns!When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understoof. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldn’t get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don’t feel that way. But those are and far between. More often, it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.26. the author has discovered that people will feel happy when ______.A. the offer their helpB. they receive others’ helpC. they feel others’ ki ndnessD. they show their weakness27. The author feels sad sometimes because ______.A. he has a soft heartB. he relies much on othersC. some people pretend to be kindD. some people fail to see the kindness in others28. What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?A. They speed up to pass.B. They waited with patience.C. They tried their best to help.D. They put on their flashlights too.29. In this passage, the author advises us to ______.A. handle problems by ourselvesB. accept help from othersC. admit our weaknessD. show our bravery30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. A Wheelchair Experience.B. Weakness and Kindness.C. Weakness and StrengthD. A Driving ExperienceBCan dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.However, it wasn’t all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while argression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission.In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour. They are learning how to talk each other’s language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk ‘dog’, and dogs can learn how to talk ‘Cat’.What’s interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to de velop their intelligence. They can learn how to read each other’s body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected. Once familiar with each other’s presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa. They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom (梳理) each other.The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets ─ to people who don’t get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers. If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.31. The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. earlyB. sweetlyC. quicklyD. smoothly32. Some cats and dogs may fight when ______.A. they are cold to each otherB. they look away from each otherC. they misunderstood each other’s signalsD. they are introduced at an early age33. What is found surprising about cats and dogs?A. They eat and sleep each other.B. They observe each other’s behaviors.C. They learn to speak each other’s language.D. They know something from each other’s voices.34. It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs ______.A. have common interestsB. are less different than was thoughtC. have a common body languageD. are less intelligent than was expected35. What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?A. We should learn to live in harmony.B. We should know more about animals.C. We should live in peace with animals.D. We should learn more body languages.A year after graduation, I was offered a position teaching a writing class. Teaching was a profession I had never seriously considered, though several of my stories had been published. I accepted the job without hesitation, as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis. My father went by the same name, and I liked to imagine peo ple getting the two of us confused. “Wait a minute<” someone might say, “are you talking about Mr. Davis the retired man, or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar?”The position was offered at the last minute, and I was given two weeks to prepare, a period I spent searching for briefcase (公文包) and standing before my full-length mirror, repeating the words, “Hello, class. I’m Mr. Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a 12-year-old boy.I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves. I had cut them myself out of orange construction paper. I saw nine students along a long table. I handed out the cards, and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.“All right then,” I said. “Okey, here we go.” Then I opened my briefcase and realized that I had never thought beyond this moment. I had been thinking that the students would be the first to talk, offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of the day. I had imagined that I would sit at the edge of the desk, overlooking a forests of hands. Every student would yell. “Calm down, you’ll all get your turn. One at a time, one at a time!”A terrible silence ruled the room, and seeing no other opinions, I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment.36. The author took the job to teach writing because ______.A. he wanted to be expectedB. he had written some storiedC. he wanted to please his fatherD. he had dreamed of being a teacher37. What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 2?A. He would be aggressive in his first class.B. He was well-prepared for his first class.C. He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.D. He waited long for the arrival of his first class.38. Before he started his class, the author asked the students to ______.A. write down their suggestions on the paper cardsB. cut maple leaves out of the construction paperC. cut some cards out of the construction paperD. write down their names on the paper cards39. What did the students do when the author started his class?A. They began to talk.B. They stayed silent.C. They raised their hands.D. They shouted to be heard.40. The author chose the composition topic probably because ______.A. he got disappointed with his first classB. he had prepared the topic before classC. he wanted to calm down the studentsD. he thought it was an easy topicIn a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decades. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now tryuing hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油)，which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits if this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.41. The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that ______.A. It makes the world warmerB. it consumes natural resourcesC. it brings severe damage to forestsD. it makes growth hard to continue42. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. China lacks wind and solar energy.B. China is the leader of the low-carbon market.C. High-speed trains are a low-carbon development.D. Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.43. To full develop the low-carbon markets, government can ______.A. cut public expensesB. forbid carbon emissionC. develop public resourcesD. encourage energy conservation44. We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to ______.A. develop sustainable productsB. explore new natural resourcesC. make full use of natural resourcesD. deal with the major challenge45. What is the main purpose og the passage?A. To introduce a new business model.B. To compare two business models.C. To predict a change of the global market.D. To advocate sustainable development.第二节信息匹配(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
06422英语语言学 — 新编简明英语语言学教程, 戴炜栋
06422英语语言学—新编简明英语语言学教程, 戴炜栋ContentsChapter 1 Introduction (1)Chapter 2 Phonology (5)Chapter 3 Morphology (8)Chapter 4 Syntax (9)Chapter 5 Semantics (12)Chapter 6 Pragmatics (16)Chapter 7 Historical linguistics (19)Chapter 8 Sociolinguistics (24)Chapter 9 Psycholinguistics (29)Chapter 10 Language Acquisition (32)Chapter 1 Introduction一、定义1.语言学LinguisticsLinguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.2.普通语言学General LinguisticsThe study of language as a whole is often called General linguistics.3.语言languageLanguage is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.语言是人类用来交际的任意性的有声符号体系。
4.识别特征Design FeaturesIt refers to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.语言识别特征是指人类语言区别与其他任何动物的交际体系的限定性特征。
1. Arbitrariness任意性2. Productivity多产性3. Duality双重性4. Displacement移位性5. Cultural transmission文化传递⑴arbitrarinessThere is no logical connection between meanings and sounds.P.S the arbitrary nature of language is a sign of sophistication and it makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source of expressions⑵ProductivityAnimals are quite limited in the messages they are able to send.⑶DualityLanguage is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels.⑷DisplacementLanguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.⑸Cultural transmissionHuman capacity for language has a genetic basis, but we have to be taught and learned the details of any language system. this showed that language is culturally transmitted. not by instinct. animals are born with the capacity to produce the set of calls peculiar to their species.5.语言能力CompetenceCompetence is the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language.6.语言运用performancePerformance is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.语言运用是所掌握的规则在语言交际中的体现。
【英语】2011年高考试题—(广东卷)解析版
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）A卷英语Ⅰ。
语言知识及应用（共两节。
满分35分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The 1 has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by 2 situation that has designed for the 3 children.There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner。
However，to take these 5 out of the regular classes may create serious problems。
I observed a number of 6 children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a7 class。
In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment，relying 8 on their teachers' directions。
In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up，they began to reflect 9 on many problems，some of which were not on the school program。
2011.10广东省高等教育自学考试中学英语教学法真题1
2011.10广东省高等教育自学考试中学英语教学法真题1D.哪些话语是得体的，哪些话语是不得体的11.运用某语法规则来理解外语，是认知策略中的 [ ]A.求解证实策略B.猜测和概括策略C.演绎推理策略D.监控策略12.主张情景法的学者认为，语音和语法方面的准确性是十分重要的。
因此，当学生出现语言错误时，教师应[ ] A.立即纠正错误 B.不立即纠正错误C.让学生继续讲D.回避正面纠正13.埃利斯在他的著作《理解第二语言习得》一书中，提出了三种支持第二语言习得中语言输入的重要性的观点，这三种观点是行为主义观点、先天论的观点和 [ ]A.结构主义观点B.发生认识论观点C.交际论观点D.相互作用的观点14.下列教学法中，对错误最能容忍的是 [ ]A.语法翻译法B.听说法C.交际法D.情景法B.15.美国结构主义语言学家认为语言可视为一个 [ ]A.把结构分解成意义的系统B.把语码分解为意义的系统C.把意义编成结构的系统D.把意义编成语码的系统16.控制性语言活动的主要形式有:齐声复述、个人复述、句型转换、合并句子、词汇套用、汉英对译练习和 [ ]A.角色扮演B.情景诱发C.任务型活动D.语言游戏17.听说法的理论基础之一是 [ ]A.结构主义语言学B.交际能力理论c.功能语言学 D.错误分析理论18.在20世纪60年代，与乔姆斯基不同的是，英国的应用语言学家非常强调 []A.语言的系统学习B.听说读写综合能力C.巳听说能力中学英语教学法(小教)试卷第2页(共12页)D.语言的功能和它的交际作用19.下列各题中出得最理想的是 [ ]20.如果学习者通过关键词、关键结构或上下文等手段对词义进行猜测，他是在运用 [ ]A.求解证实策略B.演绎推理策略C.猜测和概括或推理策略D.监控策略21. 1888年，为教授口语提供了有用工具的是 [ ]A.直接法的创立B.国际音标的问世C.交际法的创立D.交际能力理论的提出22.按照语言项目的出现频率，选择词汇和语法项目，常用的先安排，先教授，编写这种教材的教学法是 [ ]A.语法-翻译法B.情景法C.交际法D.听说法23.语言测试按用途分类可分为四种，我国的高考英语考试属于 [ ]A.诊断考试B.水平考试C.学能考试D.成绩考试24.图式模式认为，在阅读或聆听时，必须调用 [ ]A.智力因素和非智力因素B.形式图式和意义图式c.内容图式、形式图式和意义图式 D.语言图式、内容图式和形式图式25.我们可以把产生语言输出的活动分为三类，其中有一类是交际愿望和目的明确，强调内容表达而不是语言形式的掌握，在活动过程中，教师不纠正错误，语言材料不受控制，这类活动属于[ ]A. 非交际性的语言活动B.准交际性的语言活动c.文际性的语言活动 D.控制性的语言活动26.在英语写作考试中，考试题目为“My Experience of Working Abroad”，很多考生因没有国外工作的经验而写不出好文章。
2011年广东省学士学位英语统考试卷及答案
2011年人高等教育学士学位外语水平考试(广东)英语试卷一Part I Dialogue Completion (15 points)1.-Excuse mc. sir. Would you please tell me how to get to Beijing Hotel? - Would you like to take a bus or walk? A. All right B. It's OK C. Yes. of course D. Don't men2. - How nice your new dress looks on you ! -A. Thanks.B. Yours is nice.C. I bought it yesterday.D. Really? 3. -? - Ye. I'll have A. What do you want to eat B. Are you ready to order now C, Do you want the menu D. Do you like these food 4. - Hey. you look concerned.? - The final exam. I'm not fully prepared yet. A. What's wrong with you B. Are you ill C. Are you comfortable D. What's on your mind 5. - John, where are the cookies? Don't tell me you ate them all! Again! -.I couldn't help it. They were so good. ,. A. No, I didn't B. Don't blame me C. Yes, I did D. Don't be angry 6. - Sir,? - Yes. sir. You ran through the stop sign. May I see your driver. license, please? A. why do you stop me B. what are you doing C. are you stopping me D. did I do anything wrong 7. - Hi. Linda. do youthink it's possible to have a talk this afternoon? -, but I've got a pretty tight schedule this afternoon. A. I think it is.B. I don't think soC. I'm afraid notD. I'd love to 8. - ABC Booking Office. Good morning.? - Yes, I want to fly to Guangzhou the day after tomorrow and I want to know if there is a flight sometime around 3 p. m. A. Can I help you B. Do you want to travel C. Where do you want to go D. What do you want me to do 9. - Welcome to our shop. Anything I can do for you? -. A. I'm not sure B. I'd like a sweater C.I hope so D. Thank you very much 10. - Have you heard that Wang has divorced her husband? -.She looks quite miserable. A. I've heard of it B. I've never heard of it C. I feel so sorry D. It's a pity 11. - Excuse me, I'm afraid. Could you tell me where I am? - You're on the 77th street. Where would you like to go?A. I'm missingB. I don't know where to goC. I've lost my wayD. I am a stranger here 12. - What's the weather like in your hometown? -, usually warm and sunny in spring and autumn. A. It is awful B. I like it very much C. It's very nice D. Idon't like it very much 13. - Well.? - I'm not feeling well. doctor. I have a sore throat. A. are you all right B. what's your question C. are you feeling good D. what seems to be your trouble 14. - Pamela, can you come to a meeting on Friday? A. I'm not sure B. Never mind C. That's impossible D. Don't refuse him15. - , Mike. It's a little chilly in here. - Okay. Is there anything else I can do for you before I leave? A. Take the book with you B. Please close the window C. Give me the remote control D. Turn off the light in the kitchenPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Passage OneNearly a quarter-century after a German boy tossed a message in a bottle off a ship in the Baltic Sea, he's received an answer. A 13-year-old Russian. Daniil Korotkikh, was walking with his parents on a beach when he saw something glittering lying in the sand. "I saw that bottle and it looked interesting, " Korotkikh told The Associated press on Tuesday. "It looked like a German beer bottle with a ceramic plug, and there was a message inside.” His father. who knows it little German. translated the letter. It said: "My name is Frank. and I'm five years old. My dad and I are traveling oil a ship to Denmark. If you find this letter.please write back to me. and I will write back to you. " The letter. dated 1987. included an address in the town of Coesfeld. The boy in the letter. Frank Uesbeck. is now 29. His parents still live at the letter's address. "At first I didn't believe it." Uesbeck told the AP about getting the response from Korotkikh. In fact, he barely remembered the trip at alit his father actually wrote the letter. The Russian boy said he does not believe that the bottle actually spent 24 years in the sea. "It would not have survived in the water all that time." he said. He believed it had been hidden under that sand where he found it. In the Web chat earlier this month. Uesbek gave Korotkikh his new address to write to and promised to write back when he receives his letter. "He'll definitely get another letter from me." the 29-year-old said. Uesbeck was especially thrilled that he was able to have a positive impact on a life of a young person far away from Germany.16. The message in the bottle was found years laterA. 25B. 24C. 29D. 20 17. The letter in the bottle was written in. A. Russian B. English C. French D. German18. The letter in the bottle was actually written byA. FrankB. KorotkikhC. Frank's fatherD. Korotkikh's father19.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Daniil Korotkikh believed the bottle must have stayed in the sea all thetime before he got it.B. Frank. the German man gave the Russian boy his new address.C. Frank and Korotkikh have met each other through the Web chatD. It is likely that Frank and Korotkikh will arrange a meeting in person.20. That the letter is found and answered so many years later is a(n) to all the people.A. surpriseB. tragedyC. gloryD. honorPassage TwoToday, many people are starving to death. There is a shortage of food and the available food is too expensive for hungry people to buy. Therefore, they go without food, or each day have only one or two small meals lacking the necessary vitamins to maintain good health. Recently, a man who wanted to understand the conditions of such people conducted an experiment. He only ate one meal a day for a month but continued to work as he normally did. During the first five days he was hungry at his regular meal times. but after he had drunk a glass of water his hunger went away. In the evening. when he ate his one meal. he ate quickly and consumed a large amount. During the next few days, although he was not hungry during the day, he quickly noticed every food stall, and the smell of food caught his attention. During the third and fourth weeks, he had hunger pains and lacked physical strength. He looked forward to his one meal and ate it veryslowly. Enjoying every bite. Without it, he knew he would have hardly enough energy to work. This experience changed his attitude about some things. Having a cup of tea was not just a pastime. it also gave him strength. He more frequently noticed overweight people and people who threw away leftover food. He realized the importance of food for the very hungry person. He could no longer easily pass by a hungry beggar on the street. But most importantly, he could now sympathize ina small way with the starving people of the world.21. According to the first paragraph, today the problem with many people is that. A. they don't eat B. they are too poor to buy food C. the food theyD. not enough food is provided to them22. The man ate only one meal a day becauseA. there was a serious shortage of foodB. it was an effective way of losing weightC. he wanted to know how hungry people could beD. he could not afford to have three meals a day 23. At first, when he was hungry he found that a glass of waterA. got rid of his thirstB. could remove his hungerC. hardly produced any effectD. Only made him feel hungrier24. The experiment made the man realize thatA. most people are just eating for funB. overweight people arewasting food C. food has a different meaning for people D. leftover food shouldn't be thrown away25. After the experiment was over, the man might have felt thatA. hunger is less painful once you get used to itB. a man can survive for years on only one meal a dayC. you enjoy your food more if you go hungry for a whileD. something should be done for the hungry people of the worldPassage ThreeA college education is not just preparation for a career, however. In addition to taking course in their major field of study, students enroll in elective courses. They may take classes that help them understand more about people, nature, government, or the arts. Well-rounded people are likely to be better citizens, better parents and more interesting and interested individuals. Although two-thirds of American high school graduates go on to study in college, recent high school graduates no longer dominate the college campuses. Adults of all ages return to the classroom, either for new vocational skills or for personal growth. In 1966, for example, almost 20% of American college students were over age 35. Some 500,000 college students are over 50. American faith in the value of education is exemplified by the rising number of Americans who have at least a bachelor's degree. Almost one-quarter of Americans over age 25 are college graduates. College attendance is not reserved for thewealthy and the academically talented. It is available to anyone who wants to go. Right now about 15 million students are taking advantage of the opportunity. For those not academically prepared to handle college-level work, about 80% o of undergraduate schools offer remedial (sometimes called developmental) classes in reading, writing, and math.The U. S. has about 3,700 institutions of higher learning. About 1, 600 of these are 2-year schools. More than 2,000 are 4-year schools, many of which also have graduate programs. With so many colleges to choose from, how do prospective students find the right one for their needs? Information about schools is easy to obtain. Students can write for printed information and applications.Some schools even mail out video. Students can also use computer programs that allow them to specify particular interests and print out a list of schools that fit their description. Most institutions of higher learning also have websites. Many schools send college representatives to high schools and two-year colleges to recruit students. Finally. many students visit colleges, take tours of campuses, and talk to counselors.26. The word "well-rounded" in Paragraph 1 meansA. well developed in a range of aspectsB. rounded in shape or well developedC. well planned and balancedD. full, varied, and satisfying 27. According to the text. recent high school graduatesin American college A. are a majority B. are a minority C. formtwo-thirds of the students D are no more than adult students28. American colleges are forA. the intelligentB. anyone who has a needC. the academically preparedD. the rich who can afford their education29. How many methods can one use to obtain information about schools?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.30. According to the passage, the most basic reason for the high rate of college enrollment isA. social pressureB. easy access to collegesC. people's faith in educationD. the large number of collegesPassage FourA man from flew York is suing four big fast-food companies. Caesar Barber is going to court because he says that high-fat foods at McDonald's. Burger King. Wendy's, and KFC' Corporation destroyed his health. Barber says that he ate at these restaurants four or five times a week for many years. He claims that this diet made him very overweight. According to Mr. Barber. obesity gave him diabetes . high blood pressure. and two heart attacks. When a reporter asked him why he ate there so often, he said. "I was single, it was quick. and I'm not a very good cook " Barber's lawyer, Samuel Hirsch. says that the suit has twodifferent purposes. The first is to make fast-food restaurants offer healthier foods in smaller amounts. The suit also asks that fast foods have warning labels similar to labels on cigarettes. Mr. Hirsch says that these labels are necessary because the effects of fast foods are similar to the effects of cigarettes, alcohol, and illegal drugs such as heroin. Two others may soon join Barber's suit. One is Frances Winn, a 57-year-old retired nurse. Ms. Winn says that she has eaten at fast-food restaurants at least twice a week. Since 1975.She says that this habit has caused several health problems. including high blood pressure. Isreal Bradley. 59, said eating a pound of French fries every week gave him high blood pressure and diabetes. Officials of the fast-food industry attacked the legal action, National Restaurant Association representative Katharine Kim called it ridiculous. KFC spokesman Amy Sherwood claimed KFC offers several kinds of foods for people who want to eat healthier. Legal expert Walter Olson agreed that the suit had little chance of success. He said that people were free to make different choices. Whether or not the suit is successful, there is no doubt that American; have a weight problem. Medical experts say that obesity will soon be America's number one killer. They have encouraged fast-food companies to offer healthier food.31. What does the word "suing" in the first sentence mean?A. AttackingB. Mentioning.C. Complaining about.D. Taking alegal action against,32. Caesar Barber's problem is thatA. he does not have a familyB. he suffers diseases Caused by overweightC. he has no time for .cookingD. he lives near fast-food restaurants33. By suing the four big fast-food Companies. Caesar Barber wants toA. get them punishedB. eat then at a lower priceC. warn the public of the harm of eating fast foodsD. replace them with better restaurants34. The other two who may soon join Barber's suitA. suffer similar diseases to hisB, cat as much fast food as he doesC. have a longer history of eating fast foodD. visits the fast-toad restaurants more often than he does35. Fast- food restaurants areA. indifferent to this caseB. very worried about this caseC. quite concerned about this caseD. quite optimistic about this casePart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)36. As soon as you take off any clothing, it neatly and place it on the chair.A. washB. changeC. throwD. fold37. It takes only half an hour to go to the museum by a short across the park. A. reach B. cut C. sharp D. flash 38. The trouble is that he really likes doing it but he's to admit it. A. shameful B. shamed C. ashamedD shaming39. Some economists attribute much of the rising wage inequality in this countrythe shift in favor of the most skilled workers. A. in .. B, on C. by D to40. The father went to the door into a knock from outside. A. answer , difficulty C. regard D case41. When he really does something wrong, he is willing toA. applyB. apologizeC. relieveD. relate42. Her great dream of becoming a writer has finally become aA. practiceB. eventC. dutyD. reality43. During the afternoon Marilla kept the child busy withtasks and watched over her with a keen eye when she did them. A. various B. curious C. anxious D. obvious 44. The best way to make friends is to start a conversation with someone andwhat your common interests are and go from there. A. lead toB. lay downC. keep onD. find out45. She said it was important tothings correctly and in a businesslike manner, A. handle B. employ C. remember D. reject46. Peter wasthat there should be no misunderstanding on that point. A. devotedB. excitedC. determinedD. frightened47. I wanted to pay for the coffee, but I found that all I had was a couple ofcoins. A. worthless B. priceless C. invaluable D. inexpensive48. If you are happy and enjoying life, you are automaticallyand people around want to be with you. A. creative B. attractive C. humorous D. honest49. He's the sort of person whoyou at parties. A. boring B. bearing C. bores D. bears 50. He was enough to see that Jake was the best candidate for the job. A. sensible B. sensitive C. sensational D. sensual51. I'm trying to be morewhen I go shopping, and only buying what I really need. A. economyB. economicC. economicalD. economics52. The company isn'tdoing such big business. A. able to B. capable to C. able of D. capable of53. Many thousands have benefitedthe new medical system. A. on B. in C. toD. from54. Most people make such mistakes in their whole life.A. some timeB. sometimeC. some timesD. sometimes55. The university pressure to close its art department.A. decidedB. madeC. resistedD. adopted 56. If Peter had given up his part-time job, hethe final exam. A. might pass B. might have passed C. has passed D. had passed57. All is to give him a warning.A. what is neededB. is neededC. that is neededD. the needed thing58. Mr. Phillips caught up with the boy in the corridor and his hand on his shoulder.A. layB. lainC. liedD. laid59. Such problems air pollution and traffic jams are becoming moreand more serious in some big cities.A. likeB. aboutC. asD. of60. Last year he learnedhe had expected because he worked a lot harder. A. twice as much asB. twice as many asC. twice more thanD. twice as more as61. I wasn’t able to catch the bus. Iten minutes earlier. A. would get up B. should get up C. had got up D. should have got up62. His first novel was a failure,A. his second novel was eitherB. so was his second novelC. neither was his second novelD. so his second novel was63.his last word, he got into a taxi and disappeared in no time. A. FinishingB. FinishedC. Having finishedD. To finish64. Let's read the novel together.A. shall weB. will youC. won't youD. shan't we65. Little to win your friendship in this way.A. did I expectB. I expectedC. I did expectD. had I expected66. My university lies in the north of the city. around high mountains.A. which isB. it isC. which areD. themare67. I rushed to the meeting without breakfast. Onlythat it had been postponed. A. to tell B. to be told C. tellingD. told68. Ialong the Great Wall for hours when I saw her. A. traveled B. was traveling C. travel D. might travel69. There are 40 teachers in this school, ten of whom areA. men teachersB. men teacherC. man teacherD. men teachers70.a change of weather, please take the coat with you. A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for71. The tall tree.leaves are darker than those of the other two. is as old as grandpa.A. whichB. whoseC. of whichD.that72. Youwear your glasses, for the words are rather small. A. had better B. had better to C. would rather D. would rather to73., I cannot spare any time to read it. A. However amusing the story is B. However the story is amusing C. No mater amusing the story is D.No matter how the story is amusing74. The girl wanted to eat up all the candies, but her mother told herA. not toB. not to doC. not do itD.do not do75. The film is an award winner and isA. worth to seeB. worth of seeingC. worth being seenD. worth seeingPart IV Cloze Test (10 points)A special research team from the local medical center76 experiments completely blind babies. The babies to be tested on lived at home with their mothers or families. The research workers would visit the babies and closely77 the development of their senses and behavior every two weeks. In most78, the research workers tested the responses of the blind babies to different stimuli79 baby would react with smiles and laughter to tickling , to the voice of a relative, and to hugging from his family. His reactions were swift. 80 most of the blind babies, according to the experiments, responded to stimuli impassively. In fact, they were indifferent to 81sound. But82 some special situations, some of them were able to 83 to the sound of their mothers with a smile. Usually, their response was very 84 The tests were done about nine months; they85 when the blind babies were one month old and ended when they were ten months old.76. A. carried B. did C. finished D. took77. A. watched B. related C. wrote D. observed78. A. times B. cases C. examples D. places79. A. new B. normal C. special D. big80. A. While B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore81. A. any B. no C. some D. either82. A. under B. from C. upon D. with83. A. turn B. talk C. listen D. react84. A. loud B. big C. slow D. strange85.A. began B. rose C. spoke D. agreed试卷二考生须知1.试卷二满分15分,考试时间为30分钟,10:30开始,11:00结束.2.试卷二的答案一律用蓝色或黑色墨水笔写在试卷二答题卡指定区域内,未写在答题卡指定区域或写在试卷上的无效.3.宣布考试结束后,请一律停笔,将试卷二和试卷二答题卡反扣在自己的桌面上,坐在原位,等待监考人员收试卷二和试卷二答题卡,待监考人员全部收齐点清无误,宣布可以离场后,方可离开考场.Part V Writing(15 points)Directions:You are to write in 100-120 words about the title “Olympic Torch Bearer”.You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:1.有的人认为大学生要多些社会实践，为将来工作作准备.2.有的人认为大学生要把时间和精力放在学习.3.你的观点是什么?2011年广东省成人高等教育学士学位英语考试真题Part I Dialogue Completion (15 points)1、B2、A3、C4、A5、C6、A7、C8、D9、B 10、A 11、A 12、C 13、B 14、B 15、BPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Passage One16、A 17、D 18、C 19、B 20、APassage Two21、B 22、A 23、C 24、B 25、APassage Three26、B 27、D 28、A 29、C 30、CPassage Four31、C 32、D 33、B 34、A 35、C 36、A 37、D 38、B 39、A 40、B 41、D 42、B 43、B 44、B 45、C 46、B 47、A 48、D 49、D 50、A 51、D 52、B 53、C 54、A 55、A 56、B 57、D 58、C 59、B 60、C 61、B 62、A 63、C 64、A 65、A 66、B 67、A 68、D 69、A 70、B 71、A 72、C 73、D 74、C 75、A Part IV Cloze Test (10 points)76、B 77、A 78、C 79、D 80、B 81、D 82、C 83、B 84、A 85、D。
广东自考06422英语语言学复习课件
5. derivation
derivation: an affixational process that forms a word with a meaning and/or category distinct from that of its bases. Once formed, derived words become independent lexical items and receive their own entry in a speaker’s mental dictionary.
重点与难点
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. definition of linguistics definition of language traditional grammar and modern linguistics design features of language (5) functions of language (1. tripartite framework, three main functions: descriptive, expressive and social; 2. Jacobson's model, six functions: emotive, conative, referential, poetic, phatic communion and metalinguistic)
3. head (of a phrase)
5. broad transcription vs narrow
broad transcription: a way to transcribe speech sounds, using one letter to represent one sound narrow transcription: a way to transcribe speech sounds, adding diacritics to the letter symbols to show the fine differences between different pronunciation of the same sound.
广东自考英语语言学真题
2011 年 1 月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷课程代码06422）I.Blank-filling (20%)Fill in the following blanks with a word ,whose initial letter has been given.1.The 3 branches of phonetics are labeled articulatory phonetics ,auditory phonetics ,anda__________ phonetics.2.When 2 different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs inthe same place in the strings ,they are said to be in a m_________ pair .3.R__________ motivation refers to the fact that learners learn a second language for external purposes .ter Noam Chomsky prefers this innate endowment as UG ,i.e. U_____ Grammar.5. In "NP（→Deg )A(pp)", the dots in the rule indicate that other c options are available .6.The articulatory apparatus of human being are contained in 3 important areas :the p______ cavity，the oral cavity ,and the nasal cavity.7.L________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community .8.H________ refers to the sense relation between a more general ,more inclusive word and a more specific word .9.The description of a language at a given point in time is a s______ study.10.The study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication is called p_________.11.The structure corresponding to the final syntactic output of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations is called s______ structure.12.The term d________, first used by Ferguson in 1959,refers to a sociolinguistic situation similar to bilingualism .13.Learners' independent system of the second language which is of neither the second language is known as i______.14.The sound ［ p］ in pit is pronounced with a strong puff of air, which is said to be a________.15.C_______ model states that in word comprehension words are analyzed by hearers from beginningto end.16.S______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form and is the collection of allthe features of the linguistic form .17.Major lexical categories are Noun, Verb , Adjective , and P___________.18.S_______ is the sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between linguistic and society between the uses of language and social structures.19.P________ is concerned with the progress of language comprehension and production.20.Linguistics studies not any particular language ,but languages in g____.II. Multiple choice(20%)Choose the best answer to the following items.21.__refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed .A.SyntaxB. EtymologyC. LexicologyD. Morphology22.___ aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication .A. PhoneticsB. PhonemicsC. PhonologyD. Phonotacticsnguage ___ refers to a natural ability for learning a second language.A. aptitudeB. competenceC. performanceD. attitude24.___ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional ,social, gender, and age variations .25.A(n) ___ is a word formed by combining parts of other words , e.g. smog .A. back -formationB. blendC. abbreviationD. clipping26.The traditional and the only way to study the brain in the past was through ____ studies .A. experimentalB. surgicalC. autopsyD. observational27.___ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form ,i.e. Different words are identical in sound or spelling ,or in both .A. PolysemyB. SynonymC. HomophoneD. Homonymy28.The arrow in the phrase structure rule "S→ NP VP " is read as ___.A. is equal toB. generatesC. hasD. consists of29.___ of neighbouring sound is , for the most part ,caused by articulatory or physiological progress .A. AssimilationB. FormalizationC. DerivationD. Patterning30.The drive that people learn a foreign language because of the wish to identify with the target cultureis called ____ motivation .A. instrumentalB. resultativeC. integrativeD. intrinsic31There are different types of affixes pr morphemes .The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known asa(n) __.A.derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form32.If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyzed the language people actually use ,it is said to be ___A. descriptiveB. prescriptiveC. synchronicD. diachronic33.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by __ in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD.M.A.K Halliday34.Of the following sound combination ,only ___ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English .A. mibleB. bmilC. imlbD. ilbm35Which of the following English words is formed by clipping ?C. baby-sitD. disco36 Of the following words ,____ belongs to the open class word .A. emaiB. butC. theD. they37The sense relation for the pair of words "doctor and patient "is__ A. synonymy B. hyponymy C. antonymy D. homonymy38In learning a foreign language,instances of mother tongue interference can be found act the level of ___.A. pronunciationB. vocabularyC. syntaxD. all of the above39According to F .de Saussure,____ refers to the system of language .A. langueB. paroleC. competenceD. performance40.The utterance "We 're already working 25 hours a day, 8 days a week " obviously violates the maxim of ___A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. mannerIII. True of false judgement (20%)Judge whether the following statements are true orfalse .Write T in ye corresponding bracket for a true statement and F for a false one .41.Damage to parts of the brain in front of the central sulcus will cause fluent aphasia .42.D-structure is formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head's supercanonization properties .43.An illocution act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something .It is the consequenceof the utterance .44.The LAD was described as an imaginary "black box "which is said to contain rules that arespecific only to human languages .ponential analysis is a way proposed by the structure semantics to analyze lexical word meaning .46.Garden path sentence is an awkward sentence that misleads the speakersand takes them down the garden path to a wrong direction .47.Acronyms are words derives from the initials and ending of several words .48.Diglossia refers to the dialect having to do with separation brought about by different socialconditions.49.In daily life people often see the situation in which adult speak differently when talking to littlechildren ,they use a special speech called motherese.50.Phonology is the study of how speech sounds are produced by human speechorgans IV. Explain the following notions briefly (25%)51.broad transcription vs narrow transcription52.selection restriction53.speech act theory54.Critical Period Hypothesis55.Draw a tree diagram for the surface structure of "A man will find the dog"V. Write a passage of 120-150 words on the following topic .(15%)56. What are the major views concerning the study of meaning ?部分参照答案：1. acoustic2. minimal3. Resultative4. Universal5. complement6. pharyngeal7. Langue8. Hyponymy 10. pragmatics12. diaglossia 13. Interlanguage 14. aspirated15. Cohort16. Sense 17. Preposition 18. Siciolinguistics 19. Psycholinguistics 20. general21. D 24.A 25. B 26. C31. C 34. A2011 年 10 月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷（课程代码06422）I.Blank-filling (20%)Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.1.The totality of linguistic varieties possessed by an individual constitutes his linguistic r_______.2.I________ motivation refers to learners learning the second language for enjoyment or pleasure from learning.3.The phonetic transcription, n______ transcription ,is normally used by phoneticians to giveminute and detailed descriptions of speech sounds.4. The way that new words are coined from already existing words by“ subtracting” an be part of the old word is called b_______.5.The meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components called semantic f_______.6.In addition to social changes, one of the most pervasive sources of language change seems to bethe continual process of cultural t________ across generations.7.P______ is the study of sounds used in linguistic communication.8.When the vocal cords are drawn wide apart to let air go through without vibration, the soundsthus produced are v_________.9.The social group that is singled out for any special study is named as the s_______ community.10.According to N. Chomsky, c________ refers to the ideal user ’ sknowledge of the rules of his language .11.P_____ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.12.The notion of c_______ is essential to the pragmatic study of language.13.Damage to parts of the left cortex behind the central sulcus results in a type of aphasia called f_____ aphasia.14.The c__________ view of meaning is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning fromor reduce meaning to observable contexts.15.Lexical d________ task is a kind of experiment psycholinguistics employ to investigate lexical access.16.A theory which explicitly employs the notion “ concept” isthe semantic t________ proposed by Ogden and Richards in their book The Meaning of Meaning.17. Clear [ l ] and dark [ l ] are allophones of the same one phoneme /l/. They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c_________ distribution.18. Since there are often intermediate forms between the two members of an antonymous pair, so they are called g________ antonyms.19.S_______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.20.A t_______ experiment is a technique that is used to study the determinants of sentence processing difficulty.II. Multiple choice(15%)Choose the best answer to the following items.21.Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes,_______, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed , added , lost or altered.A. phrasesB. sentencesC. morphemesD. utterance22. The consonant [ f ] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features :A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced , bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative23.The study of language as a whole is often called ______.A. universal linguisticsB. common linguisticsC. prescriptive linguisticsD. general linguistics24.In the phrase structurerule“ S→ NP VP，”the arrow can be read as _______.A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates25.The illocutionary point of _____is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.A. representativesB. commissivesC. expressives D declarations26.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _____ in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD.M.A.F. Halliday27._____ motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language because of the wish to identify with the target culture.A. InstrumentalB. FunctionalC. IntegrativeD. Social28.While different words may have the same or similar meaning , the same word may have more than one meaning. This kind of words are called _________.A. polysemic wordsB. homographsC. homonymsD. synonyms29.The term _____ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language changes over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparative30.Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher ____ in the late 50 ’ s of the 20A. M.A.F. HallidayB. L. Bloomfield C . J. Searle D. J. Austin31.If the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for correct and standard behavior in using language ,it issaid to be _______.A. descriptiveB. prescriptiveC. synchronicD. diachronic32.In the case of spit, the consonant [ p ] is said to be _____.A. aspiratedB. voicedC. unaspiratedD. unprounceable33.What the element -“es ” indicates is third person singular ,present tense ,the element-ed ” past tense, “and “-ing ” progressive aspect .Since they are the smallest units of language and meaningful ,they are also _______.A. phonemesB. phonesC. allophonesD. morphemes34.Synoymous are classified into several kinds .This kind to which ‘ lass ‘’girlbelong’isandcalled ___ synonyms.A. stylisticB. dialectalC. emotiveD. collocational35.In a speech community People have something in common _____: a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it..B. linguisticallyC. culturallyD. pragmaticallyIII. True of false judgement (20%)36.The interactionist view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay betweenthe human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops .37. A creole is said to be formed when a pidgin has become the primary language of a speechcommunity ,and is acquired by the children of that speech community as their native language .38.Garden path sentence is an awkward sentence that misleads the speakers and takes them downthe garden path to a wrong direction .39. A phoneme is the smallest linguistic unit of sound that can distinguish two words .40.Register refers to the type of utterance which is selected as appropriate to the type oftypology .41.Phonology studies the functioning of the speech sounds.42.Predication analysis was proposed by the British linguist J. Searle to analyze the meaning ofutterance .43.Specifiers have both special semantic and syntactic roles since they help make more precise the meaning of the head and mark a phrase boundary.44.Different language offer people different ways of expressing the world around, they think and speak differently, this is also known as linguistic relativity.45.Metacognitive strategies deal with the wayside learners interact or communicate with other speakers, native or non-native .IV. Explain the following notions briefly (25%)46.derivational morpheme47.IPA( International Phonetic Alphabet)48.cultural transmission49.Deep Structure vs. Surface Structure50.The naming theoryV. Essay question (20%)51. According to Austin ,what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making an utterance ? Give an example.参照答案ology 13. fluent21. C 22. B 24. B 28. A42. F 43. T 45. F46.Morphemes that change the meaning or lexical category of the words to which they attach. 47. Itis a standardized and internationally accepted system of phonetic transcription.48.While human capacity for language has a genetic basis, i.e., we were all born with the ability to ac quire language, the details of any language system are not genetically transmitted, but instead have to be taught and learned.Language is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning, rather than by i nstinct 49. The first, formed by the XP rule in a accordance with the head's subcategorization propertie s ,is called deep stmcture.The second, corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate tr ansformations, is called surface structure50.One of the oldest notions concerning meaning, and also a very primitive one, was the naming theor y proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato. The words used in a language are taken to be labels of t he objects they stand for.51. locutionary act ------the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It? s an act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology. Namely .,the act of s aying something :the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and reference.(言内行为指的是用句子来表达，报告，描绘。
广东省英语教育-英语语言学真题（）
广东省英语教育-英语语言学真题（）年月广东省英语教育-英语语言学真题()————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：2012年1月广东高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷(06422) 150分钟I.Blank-fiiling (20%) 'Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.1 .If the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for "correct and standard" behavior in using language ,i.e. to tell people what they should say and what they should .not say ,it is said to be p ____________. .2.A d__________ study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time.3.According to Saussure，l________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.4.D_______ means that language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.5.If we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols only，we are adopting the b , transcription.6.A p________ is an abstract unit, not a particular sound，but it can be realized by a certain phone in a certain phonetic context.7.When pitch，stress and sound length are tired to the s_______ rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation.8. The m________unit of meaning is traditionally called a morpheme.9. Inflectional morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most part purelyG_______ markers，signifying such concepts as tense，number, case and so on.10.Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain three elements : head , specifier , and c _______ .11 .Concerning the study of meaning, the conceptualist view holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to, rather , in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of c_____ in the mind.12.The sense relation between "sofa" and "furniture" is called h_______ .13.C_____ is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer . It is an essential notion to the pragmatic study of language.14. Idiolect is a p____ dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations.15.APEC is an a___ derived from the initials of "Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation".16.According to Halliday ,”Language varies as its f______ varies, it differs in different situations.”17.Sapir and Whorf ’ s studies show that the structure of the language people habitually use influences the ways they think and behave. This interdependence of language and t___ is known as Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.18.While the first language is acquired s______ , the second or foreign language is more commonly learned consciously.19.Int erlanguage refers to learners ’ i_____ system of the second language which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language.20.Learning strategies are learne rs’ conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning e______ ,II．Multiple choice (20%)Choose the best answer to the following items.21 .Who among the following linguists looks at language from a psychological point of view and consider language to be a property of the mind of each individual?A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. Leonard BloomfieldD. M. A.K. Halliday22.If a linguist is interested in what is said, not what he thinks ought to be said，he adopts a study of language .A. descriptiveB. prescriptiveC. scientificD. diachronic23.Which of the following words ends with a velar voiceless stop?A. godB. boxC. cockD. dog24.Which of the following words contains a back, open and unrounded vowel?A. godB. bootC. walkD. park-25.Which of the following is a glottal sound?A. [h]B.[k]C.[g]D. [?]26.Which of the following indicates an implied message in what is said?A. The fall-rise tone. B .The falling tone. C. The rising tone. D. The rise-fall tone.27.The underlined morphemes in the following are all inflectional morphemes EXCEPT .A. tablesB. soonerC. painter’ sD. painter28 The sentence “We need more intelligent leaders.” is ambiguo us, because the sentence may have different .A .deep structures B. surface structures , C. linear orders D. morphological structures .29.The pair of words "charge and rebuke is called .A. dialectal synonymsB. stylistic synonymsC. collocational synonymsD. semantically different synonyms30.The sense relation for the pair of words "above" and "below" is .A. synonymsB. hyponymyC. antonymyD. homonymy3l. X : John’ s bike needs repairing.Y : John has a bike.The sense relation between the above sentence is .A.X is synonymous with YB.X is consistent with YC.X presupposes YD.X entails Y32.The sentence "Yesterday Nancy lost her purse in the street ." may be analyzed as a case of ________ predication.A one-place B. two-place C. three-place D. no-place33.According to Searles ’ s classification of speech acts, which of the following is an instance representative?A. I fired you!B.I’m so sorry for the mess I have made.C. Your money or your life!D.I have never seen the man before.34.Change in negation rule belongs to change.A. soundB. morphologicalC. syntacticD. semantic35.A.Shall we get something for the kids?B: Yes .but I veto I-C-E-C-R-E-A-M.,Speaker B obviously violates the maxim of .A. quantityB. qualityC. relationD. manner36.Which of the following words is formed by means of blending? ,A. smogB.UNESCOC. baby-sit D .disco37.According to Halliday, tenor of discourse refers the of communication.A. subjectB. participantsC. situationD. means38.Conceming the behaviorist view of language acquisition, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Language is taken as a set of behaviors.B. Language learning is a matter of imitation.C. Reinforcement is especially important for forming correct linguistic behavior.D. Behaviorism can better explain how children acquire complex language system.39.Instances of mother tongue interference can be found at the level of .A. pronunciationB. vocabularyC. syntaxD. pronunciation, vocabulary and syntax40. Strategies involved in analyzing, synthesis, and internalizing what has been learned belong to strategies.A. cognitiveB. metacognitiveC. socialD. communicativeIII. True or false judgement. (20%)Judge whether the following statements are true or false, write T for a true statement and F for a false one.41 .According to Saussure, what linguists should do is to abstract langue from parole, i. e. , to discover the regularities governing the actual use of language.42. Language is arbitrary in the sense that we can use words freely without the confinement of time and space.43. Inviting, suggesting, requesting, advising, warning, threatening, ordering are all specific instances of commissives .44. The surface structure and the deep structure of a certain sentence look the same when transformations are not necessary.45.Wh-movement can apply not only to wh-questions but also to relative clauses.46.In communication it will never be the case that what is grammatical is not acceptable, and what is ungrammatical may not be inappropriate.47.If the conversational participants do not strictly observe the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle, it is impossible for the conversation to go on.48.The same word may stir up different associations in people under different cultural speech comprehension.49.If a child is derived of linguistic environment , he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.50.The interlingual errors mainly result from faulty or partial learning of the target language, independent of the native language.IV. Explain the following notions briefly (25%)51 .What does "productivity" mean as one of the design features of human language?52. Illustrate assimilation rule53. Illustrate predication analysis with an example.54.What situation does bilingualism refer to?55. Explain Input Hypothesis by Krashen.V. Essay question ( 15%)56.Illustrate with examples how "sense” and "reference" differ from each other in lexical semantics. And how are they related to each other?部分参考答案（非官方答案，但大部分正确）：1. prescriptive2. diachronic3. langue4. Displacement5. broad6. phoneme7. sentence8. minimal9.grammatical 10. complement11.concepts 12. hyponymy 13. Context 14. personal 15. acronym16. function 17. thought 18. subconsciously 19. independent20. efficiency21. A 22.A 23.C 24.D 25. A 26. D 27. D 28.D 29. C 30.C31. C 32.B 33.D 34. C 35.D 36. A 37. D 38.D 39.D 40.A41.T 42.F 43. F 44.T 45.T 46. F 47. F 48.F 49. T 50.F51. language is productive and creative in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signalsby its users.52. The “assimilation rule” assimilates one segment to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones more similar.53. The predication analysis, proposed by Leech, is a way to analyze the sentence meaning. A sentence, composed of a subject and predicate, is a basic unit for grammatical relation. The basic unit for meaning analysis is called predication, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.For example: It is hot.(no-place predication): (BE HOT)Children like sweets.( two-place predication) CHILDREN, SWEET(LIKE)John is ill. (one-place predication) : JOHN(BE ILL)54. It has been observed that in some speech communities, two languages are used side by side with each having a different role to play; and language switching occurs when the situation changes. This constitutes the situation of bilingualism.55. Krashen assumed that there were two independent means or routes of SL learning: acquisition and learning.56. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form; it is abstract and decontextualized .For example: the word “dog”is given the definition “a domesticated canine mammal ,occurring in many breeds that show a great variety in size an form.”Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience. For example, if we say “The dog is sparking”, we must be talking about a certain dog existent in the situat ion; the word “dog”refers to a dog known to both the speaker and the hearer. This is the reference of the word “dog” in this particular situation.Relationship: Sense and reference are interdependent, because one would not normally know the one without having at least some knowledge of the other.。
2011年10月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学
2011年10月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷（课程代码06422）I.Blank-filling (20%)Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.1. The totality of linguistic varieties possessed by an individual constitutes his linguistic r_______.2. I________ motivation refers to learners learning the second language for enjoyment or pleasure from learning.3. The phonetic transcription, n______ transcription ,is normally used by phoneticians to give minute and detailed descriptions of speech sounds.4. The way that new words are coined from already existing words by “subtracting ” an affix thought to be part of the old word is called b_______.5. The meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components called semantic f_______.6. In addition to social changes, one of the most pervasive sources of language change seems to be the continual process of cultural t________ across generations.7. P______ is the study of sounds used in linguistic communication.8. When the vocal cords are drawn wide apart to let air go through without vibration, the sounds thus produced are v_________.9. The social group that is singled out for any special study is named as the s_______ community.10. According to N. Chomsky, c________ refers to the ideal user ’s knowledge of the rules of his language .11. P_____ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.12. The notion of c_______ is essential to the pragmatic study of language.13. Damage to parts of the left cortex behind the central sulcus results in a type of aphasia called f_____ aphasia.14. The c__________ view of meaning is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.15. Lexical d________ task is a kind of experiment psycholinguistics employ to investigate lexical access.16. A theory which explicitly employs the notion “concept ”is the semantic t________ proposed by Ogden and Richards in their book The Meaning of Meaning.17. Clear [ l ] and dark [ l ] are allophones of the same one phoneme /l/. They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c_________ distribution.18. Since there are often intermediate forms between the two members of an antonymous pair, so they are called g________ antonyms.19. S_______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.20. A t_______ experiment is a technique that is used to study the determinants of sentence processing difficulty.II. Multiple choice(15%)Choose the best answer to the following items.21. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes,_______, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed , added , lost or altered.A. phrasesB. sentencesC. morphemesD. utterance22. The consonant [ f ] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features :A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced , bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative23.The study of language as a whole is often called ______.A. universal linguisticsB. common linguisticsC. prescriptive linguisticsD. general linguistics24.In the phrase structure rule “S→NP VP”，the arrow can be read as _______.A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates25.The illocutionary point of _____is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.A. representativesB. commissivesC. expressives D declarations26.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _____ in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD.M.A.F. Halliday27._____ motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language because of the wish to identify with the target culture.A. InstrumentalB. FunctionalC. IntegrativeD. Social28.While different words may have the same or similar meaning , the same word may have more than one meaning. This kind of words are called _________.A. polysemic wordsB. homographsC. homonymsD. synonyms29.The term _____ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language changes over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparative30.Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher ____ in the late 50’s of the 20th century.A. M.A.F. HallidayB. L. Bloomfield C . J. Searle D. J. Austin31.If the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for correct and standard behavior in using language ,it is said to be _______.A. descriptiveB. prescriptiveC. synchronicD. diachronic32.In the case of spit, the consonant [ p ] is said to be _____.A. aspiratedB. voicedC. unaspiratedD. unprounceable33.What the element “-es ” indicates is third person singular ,present tense ,the element “-ed ” past tense, and“-ing ”progressive aspect .Since they are the smallest units of language and meaningful ,they are also _______.A. phonemesB. phonesC. allophonesD. morphemes34.Synoymous are classified into several kinds .This kind to which ‘girl ’ and‘lass ’ belong is called ___ synonyms.A. stylisticB. dialectalC. emotiveD. collocational35.In a speech community People have something in common _____:a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it..A.sociallyB. linguisticallyC. culturallyD. pragmaticallyIII. True of false judgement (20%)36. The interactionist view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops .37. A creole is said to be formed when a pidgin has become the primary language of a speech community ,and is acquired by the children of that speech community as their native language .38. Garden path sentence is an awkward sentence that misleads the speakers and takes them down the garden path to a wrong direction .39. A phoneme is the smallest linguistic unit of sound that can distinguish two words .40. Register refers to the type of utterance which is selected as appropriate to the type oftypology .41. Phonology studies the functioning of the speech sounds.42. Predication analysis was proposed by the British linguist J. Searle to analyze the meaning of utterance .43. Specifiers have both special semantic and syntactic roles since they help make more precise the meaning of the head and mark a phrase boundary.44. Different language offer people different ways of expressing the world around, they think and speak differently, this is also known as linguistic relativity.45. Metacognitive strategies deal with the wayside learners interact or communicate with other speakers, native or non-native .IV. Explain the following notions briefly (25%)46. derivational morpheme47. IPA( International Phonetic Alphabet)48. cultural transmission49. Deep Structure vs. Surface Structure50. The naming theoryV. Essay question (20%)51. According to Austin ,what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making an utterance ? Give an example.部分参考答案（非官方答案，但大部分正确）：1.repertoire2.Intrinsic3.narrow4.back-formation5.features6.transmission7.Phonology8.voiceless9.speech petence 11.Parole 12.context 13. fluent 14.contextualist 15.dicision 16.triangle plementary 18.gradable 19.Sense20.timed-reading21. C 22. B 23.D 24. B 25.C 26.C 27.C 28. A 29.B 30.C 31.B 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.B36.T 37.T 38.F 39.T 40.F 41.T 42. F 43. T 44.T 45. F。
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2011年10月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷（课程代码06422）I.Blank-filling (20%)Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.1. The totality of linguistic varieties possessed by an individual constitutes his linguistic r_______.2. I________ motivation refers to learners learning the second language for enjoyment or pleasure from learning.3. The phonetic transcription, n______ transcription ,is normally used by phoneticians to give minute and detailed descriptions of speech sounds.4. The way that new words are coined from already existing words by “subtracting ” an affix thought to be part of the old word is called b_______.5. The meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components called semantic f_______.6. In addition to social changes, one of the most pervasive sources of language change seems to be the continual process of cultural t________ across generations.7. P______ is the study of sounds used in linguistic communication.8. When the vocal cords are drawn wide apart to let air go through without vibration, the sounds thus produced are v_________.9. The social group that is singled out for any special study is named as the s_______ community.10. According to N. Chomsky, c________ refers to the ideal user ‟s knowledge of the rules of his language .11. P_____ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.12. The notion of c_______ is essential to the pragmatic study of language.13. Damage to parts of the left cortex behind the central sulcus results in a type of aphasia called f_____ aphasia.14. The c__________ view of meaning is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.15. Lexical d________ task is a kind of experiment psycholinguistics employ to investigate lexical access.16. A theory which explic itly employs the notion “concept ”is the semantic t________ proposed by Ogden and Richards in their book The Meaning of Meaning.17. Clear [ l ] and dark [ l ] are allophones of the same one phoneme /l/. They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c_________ distribution.18. Since there are often intermediate forms between the two members of an antonymous pair, so they are called g________ antonyms.19. S_______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.20. A t_______ experiment is a technique that is used to study the determinants of sentence processing difficulty.II. Multiple choice(15%)Choose the best answer to the following items.21. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes,_______, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed , added , lost or altered.A. phrasesB. sentencesC. morphemesD. utterance22. The consonant [ f ] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features :A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced , bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative23.The study of language as a whole is often called ______.A. universal linguisticsB. common linguisticsC. prescriptive linguisticsD. general linguistics24.In the phrase structure rule “S→NP VP”，the arrow can be read as _______.A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates25.The illocutionary point of _____is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.A. representativesB. commissivesC. expressives D declarations26.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _____ in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD.M.A.F. Halliday27._____ motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language because of the wish to identify with the target culture.A. InstrumentalB. FunctionalC. IntegrativeD. Social28.While different words may have the same or similar meaning , the same word may have more than one meaning. This kind of words are called _________.A. polysemic wordsB. homographsC. homonymsD. synonyms29.The term _____ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language changes over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparative30.Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher ____ in the late 50‟s of the 20th century.A. M.A.F. HallidayB. L. Bloomfield C . J. Searle D. J. Austin31.If the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for correct and standard behavior in using language ,it is said to be _______.A. descriptiveB. prescriptiveC. synchronicD. diachronic32.In the case of spit, the consonant [ p ] is said to be _____.A. aspiratedB. voicedC. unaspiratedD. unprounceable33.What the element “-es ” indicates is third person singular ,present tense ,the element “-ed ” past tense, and “-ing ”progressive aspect .Since they are the smallest units of language and meaningful ,they are also _______.A. phonemesB. phonesC. allophonesD. morphemes34.Synoymous are classified into several kinds .This kind to which …girl ‟ and…lass ‟ belong is called ___ synonyms.A. stylisticB. dialectalC. emotiveD. collocational35.In a speech community People have something in common _____: a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it..A.sociallyB. linguisticallyC. culturallyD. pragmaticallyIII. True of false judgement (20%)36. The interactionist view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops .37. A creole is said to be formed when a pidgin has become the primary language of a speech community ,and is acquired by the children of that speech community as their native language . 38. Garden path sentence is an awkward sentence that misleads the speakers and takes them50. The naming theoryV. Essay question (20%)51. According to Austin ,what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making an utterance ? Give an example.1.repertoire2. Intrinsic3. narrow4. back-formation5.features6. transmission7.Phonology8.voiceless9.speech petence11.Parole 12.context 13. fluent 14. contextualist 15.dicision感，思想，行动等的某种反应。