初中英语的句子成分与基本句型讲解练习答案

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英语句子的基本句型和成分(含例题及答案解析)

句子基本结构和成分1句子基本句型英语基本句型分为五种: 主谓SV、主谓宾SVO、主系表SLP、主谓双宾SVOO、主谓宾宾补SVOC。

主语谓语/系动词宾语/表语备注五种句型概述:句型主谓SV Everybody laughed.主系表SLP She is a teacher.主谓宾SVO I love you.主谓双宾SVOO David asked me a question.其中‘me’和‘a question’两个宾语。

主谓宾宾补SVOC They painted the wall white.其中, white 为宾补修饰宾语the wall。

1.1主谓句型（Subject Predicate Verb-SV）1.1.1解析1.1.2主谓句型与主谓宾句型最大的区别在于谓语动词的及物与不及物。

英语把及物动词叫做 transitive verb,不及物动词叫做intransitive verb.”transitive”在英语中是传递的意思, 所以, 如果动词表示的动作可以直接传递到某个事物, 则称为及物动词, 反之称为不及物动词。

及物动词与不及物动词又可以称为外动作词和内动作词。

外动作词是动作涉及或（达到）别的事物的动词, 内动作词是动作凝于或止于主体本身的动词。

基本结构 : 主语+不及物动词1.1.3主语1.1.4可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy), 主格代词(如you), 数词, 动词不定式, 动名词等。

主语一般在句首。

注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家。

1.1.5谓语1.1.6谓语由动词构成, 是英语时态、语态变化的主角, 一般在主语之后, 后接宾语。

但谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.), 没有宾语, 形成主谓结构。

例句分析:（1）The sun is rising. 太阳正在升起。

（2）Tim is sleeping. 蒂姆正在睡觉。

（3）The train is arriving. 火车要到站了。

初中英语的句子成分及基本句型讲解-练习-答案

句子成分及基本句型【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。

(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。

一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。

它在句首。

如：(1)Luｃy is a bｅautiｆul nuｒsｅ. （名词作主语)（2）He reads neｗｓpａpers every day. （代词作主语）(３）Ｓmokinｇiｓharmｆul to tｈe healtｈ．(动名词作主语)（4)Ｔo swｉm ｉn ＫunminｇLake ｉs a great plｅasuｒe．(不定式作主语）（5)Whaｔｗe shoｕlｄdo ｉs noｔyet decｉdｅd. （主语从句作主语)(二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。

它在主语后面。

如:Ｈｉs parentｓare teaｃｈeｒs. (系动词和表语一起作谓语）We stｕｄy harｄ. (行为动词作谓语)Ｗe ｄoｎ’t finiｓh reａdｉng tｈe ｂoｏk. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)He ｃan speaｋEnglｉsh．(情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)（三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。

一般放在谓语之后。

Ｓhｅiｓdoiｎｇherｈｏｍeｗｏrk noｗ．(名词作宾语)Ｓｈｅｓays(that)she ｉs ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We oｆｔen ｈelp hｉｍ.（代词作宾语)Heｌiｋes to play ｂasｋｅtball.(不定式作宾语）We enjｏy lisｔeｎinｇto the musｉc.我们喜欢听音乐。

(动名词短语作宾语）说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。

基础英语之句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习(含答案)

英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习（含答案）主语（subject）: 位在句首，动作发出者，指人/物/行为/事情，可以是名词/代词/数字/动名词doing形式/to do不定式/主语从句来做主语The sun rises in the east.He likes dancing.Twenty years is a short time.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （it做形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征, 由谓语动词的形态体现时态We study English.We can swim.We wanted to buy a book yesterday.We will go to Beijing.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

可以是名词/代词/数字/形容词/介词（短语）/动名词doing形式/to do 不定式/从句He is a teacher.It is you, who broke the window.Five and five is ten.He is asleep.The picture is on the wall.My duty is looking after this boy.To see is to believe.The question is whether they will come.主语和表语需要用连系动词连接注意：连系动词It is a book. I am at home.It sounds a good idea. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I am feeling tired.常见系动词：be动词，感官系动词（look，sound，smell，taste，feel），补充其他系动词：保持类系动词（remain，keep），变化类系动词（become，go，turn，get），似乎（seem，appear），证明是（prove）宾语：位于动词或者介词后,主语发出动作后的接受者，可以是名词/代词/数字/动名词doing 形式/to do 不定式/宾语从句I like China.Are you afraid of the dog?Why are you looking at him？He likes you.How many books do you need? We need two.I enjoy working with you.I hope to see you again.Did you write down what he said?宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

(英语)初中英语句子结构与成分解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)

（英语）初中英语句子结构与成分解题技巧讲解及练习题（含答案）一、句子结构与成分1.'My father bought me a new watch yesterday.' It is a structure of.A. S+V+PB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+DO+COD. S+V+DO【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：昨天我爸给我买了一块新手表。

它是S+V+IO+DO结构。

My father （主语S） +bought （谓语V） +me （间接宾语ID） +a new watch （直接宾语DO）,故选Bo【点评】考查句结构和成分。

注意识记S+V+IO+DO结构的用法。

2.—What an interesting story she told us!—Yes, and her voice sounded.A. sweetB. smallC. clearlyD. sadly【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：一一他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！一一是的，她的声音听起来很甜美。

sweet甜的；small小的；clearly清楚地；sadly伤心地。

sound是系动词，后跟形容词，故选Ao【点评】考查系表结构。

3.John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is.A. S+V+OB. S+V+PC. S+V+IO+DOD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语 +谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。

故答案为Do【点评】考查句子成分。

牢记句子成分。

4.Choose the correct structure （结构）of this sentence "He lent me a book."A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+PD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意"Helent me a book”。

初中英语句子结构与成分的基本方法技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)含解析

初中英语句子结构与成分的基本方法技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)含解析一、句子结构与成分1．You may know all the words on the right, but which of the following carries meaning?A. A friend self is a second.B. A second is self a friend.C. A friend is a second self.D. Self a second is a friend.【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意：你可能知道右面所有的单词，但是下列哪个句子是有意义的？second，第二个；friend，朋友；self，你自己；a，不定冠词表示数量一；C为正确选项，意为：朋友是另一个自己。

故选C。

【点评】考查连词成句。

先确定句意，根据语法知识将词连接成句。

2．John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______.A. S+V+OB. S+V+PC. S+V+IO+DOD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。

故答案为D。

【点评】考查句子成分。

牢记句子成分。

3．What is the sentence pattern（句型）of the sentence"Linda bought a book yesterday."？A. S+VB. S+V+OC. S+V +IO +DOD. S+V+O+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意："Linda bought a book yesterday."属于哪种句型。

A是主谓结构；B 是主谓宾结构；C是主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；D是主谓+宾语+宾补。

初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案优选稿

初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。

（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。

一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。

它在句首。

如：（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）（2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）（3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语）（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语）（5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。

谓语（谓语部分里主要的。

谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。

它在主语后面。

如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）We study hard. （行为动词作谓语）We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。

一般放在谓语之后。

She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him.（代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。

初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案

初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案句子成分是指句子中各个部分的语法作用和关系。

英语句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。

下面是一些初中英语句子成分的练习及答案。

练习一：1. The cat chased the mouse.2. My sister is a doctor.3. The boy with the red hat is my friend.4. She sings beautifully.5. The teacher gave us a lot of homework.请判断每个句子中的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

答案：1. 主语：The cat；谓语：chased；宾语：the mouse。

2. 主语：My sister；谓语：is；宾语：a doctor。

3. 主语：The boy；谓语：is；定语：with the red hat；宾语：my friend。

4. 主语：She；谓语：sings；状语：beautifully。

5. 主语：The teacher；谓语：gave；宾语：us；定语：a lot of；宾语补足语：homework。

练习二：1. The tall man in the blue shirt is my father.2. The dog barked loudly at the mailman.3. My mother cooked a delicious dinner for us.4. The students are studying hard for the exam.5. The sun sets in the west.请在每个句子中找出主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

答案：1. 主语：The tall man in the blue shirt；谓语：is；宾语：my father。

2. 主语：The dog；谓语：barked；状语：loudly；宾语：at the mailman。

初中英语句子结构成份讲解及专项练习(含答案)

英语句子成分划分详解（一）主语：就是一个句子陈述的对象，或是动作的执行者。

它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题。

如：我看书。

谁看书？“我”。

“我”就是这句子的主语。

主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当。

（如动词不定式，动名词，代词都可作主语，主语从句）主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book.（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语：说明主语是什么，干什么，怎么样。

它回答的是主语“干什么，是什么”的问题。

如上句中主语“我”干什么？“看书”。

“看书”就是谓语。

一个句子，一般都可分成主、谓两大部分（祈使句是省主句）。

再细分又可分成谓语（动词）、宾语，表语，补语（包括宾补和主补），定语，状语，同位语等。

如第一例中谓语部分可划分成谓语（看）和宾语（书）。

谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词，要么是行为动词，要么是系动词，不同的动词构成不同的句子类型。

句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变。

谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English.He is asleep.宾语：指谓语动词所涉及的对象，由名、代、数，宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当，但人称代词要用宾格。

如：还说上例。

谓语动词是“看”，看什么？看“书”，“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象，是“看”的宾语。

需要说明的是：只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。

(英语)初中英语句子结构与成分及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析

【点评】考查简单句的结构。掌握简单句的五种基本类型。
8．He ________ several months every year.
A. travels with
B. travels in
C. travels for
D. traveled
【答案】 C
【解析】【分析】句意：他每年在外旅游好几个月。由
A. sweet
B. small
C. clearly
D. sadly
【答案】 A
【解析】【分析】句意： ——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！
——是的，她的声音听
起来很甜美。 sweet 甜的； small 小的； clearly 清楚地； sadly 伤心地。 sound 是系动词，后
跟形容词，故选 A。
B. S+V+O
C. S+V +IO +DO
D. S+V+O+OC
【解析】【分析】句意： "Linda bought a book yesterday."属于哪种句型。 A 是主谓结构； B
是主谓宾结构； C 是主谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语； D 是主谓 +宾语 +宾补。 Linda 是主语
（S）； bought 是谓语动词（ V）， a book 是宾语（ O）；故答案为 C。
【点评】考查句子成分结构。
15． You may know all the words on the right, but which of the following carries meaning?
A. A friend self is a second.

(英语)初中必备英语句子结构与成分技巧全解及练习题(含答案)及解析

（英语）初中必备英语句子结构与成分技巧全解及练习题(含答案)及解析一、句子结构与成分1．'My father bought me a new watch yesterday.' It is a structure of_________.A. S+V+PB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+DO+COD. S+V+DO【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意：昨天我爸给我买了一块新手表。

它是S+V+IO+DO结构。

My father （主语S）+bought（谓语V）+me（间接宾语ID）+a new watch（直接宾语DO），故选B。

【点评】考查句结构和成分。

注意识记S+V+IO+DO结构的用法。

2．Which of the following sentences is correct?A. He came in and sat down.B. We all like <Harry Potter>.C. When we met. He didn't say hello.D. We went out, headed for the bus stop.【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：下面那个句子是正确的。

A是简单句，came和sat是并列谓语，都是一般过去式，所以A正确。

B中的符号不符合英语习惯，在英语中没有书名号，表示书名时通常用斜体字形式。

C句的标点符号是错误的，把met后的句号改为逗号才符合复合句的定义。

D句中headed前应加上and或者将headed改为heading构成伴随状语。

因此选A。

【点评】考查句法知识。

3．John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______.A. S+V+OB. S+V+PC. S+V+IO+DOD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。

英语句子成分和练习题及答案

句子成分(Members of a Sentence)英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。

掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。

主语一般在句首。

注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。

这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词）1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。

2. The moon │rose.月亮升起了。

3. The universe │remains.宇宙长存。

4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. Who │cares?管它呢？6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。

7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。

8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）Ｓ│Ｖ（是系动词）│Ｐ1. This │is│an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。

2. The dinner │smells│good.午餐的气味很好。

3. He │fell│in love. 他堕入了情网。

4. Everything │looks│di fferent. 一切看来都不同了。

5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮6. The trouble│is│that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。

完整版初中英语句子成分讲解练习包括答案

腾训学校语法班---句子成分及根本句型【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语〔直接宾语、间接宾语〕、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。

〔一〕主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么〞或“是谁〞。

一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。

它在句首。

如：（1〕Lucy is a beautiful nurse.〔名词作主语〕〔2〕He reads newspapers every day.〔代词作主语〕〔3〕Smokingis harmful to the health.〔动名词作主语〕（4〕 To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. 〔不定式作主语〕（5〕 What we should do is not yet decided. 〔主语从句作主语〕〔二〕谓语说明主语“做什么〞“是什么〞或“怎么样〞。

谓语〔谓语局部里主要的词〕必须是动词。

谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。

它在主语后面。

如： His parents are teachers.〔系动词和表语一起作谓语〕We study hard.〔行为动词作谓语〕We don’tfinish reading the book.〔助动词和行为动词一起作谓语〕He can speak English.〔情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语〕〔三〕宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。

一般放在谓语之后。

She is doing her homework now. 〔名词作宾语〕She says〔 that〕 she is ill. 〔宾语从句作动词宾语〕We often help him. 〔代词作宾语〕He likes to play basketball. 〔不定式作宾语〕We enjoy listening to the music.我们喜欢听音乐。

英语句子的基本句型和成分(含例题及答案解析)

句子基本结构和成分1句子基本句型英语基本句型分为五种：主谓SV、主谓宾SVO、主系表SLP、主谓双宾SVOO、主谓宾宾补SVOC。

五种句型概述：句型主语谓语/系动词宾语/表语备注主谓SV Everybody laughed.主系表SLP She is a teacher.主谓宾SVO I love you.主谓双宾SVOO David asked me a question. 其中‘me’和‘a question’两个宾语。

主谓宾宾补SVOC They painted the wall white. 其中，white 为宾补修饰宾语the wall。

1.1主谓句型（Subject Predicate Verb-SV）1.1.1解析主谓句型与主谓宾句型最大的区别在于谓语动词的及物与不及物。

英语把及物动词叫做 transitive verb,不及物动词叫做intransitive verb.”transitive”在英语中是传递的意思，所以，如果动词表示的动作可以直接传递到某个事物，则称为及物动词，反之称为不及物动词。

及物动词与不及物动词又可以称为外动作词和内动作词。

外动作词是动作涉及或（达到）别的事物的动词，内动作词是动作凝于或止于主体本身的动词。

1.1.2基本结构：主语+不及物动词1.1.3主语可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy)，主格代词(如you)，数词，动词不定式，动名词等。

主语一般在句首。

注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家。

1.1.4谓语谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后，后接宾语。

但谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)，没有宾语，形成主谓结构。

1.1.5例句分析：（1）The sun is rising. 太阳正在升起。

（2）Tim is sleeping. 蒂姆正在睡觉。

（3）The train is arriving.火车要到站了。

（4）We waited and waited. 我们等了又等。

初中英语句子成分讲解-练习及答案

句子成分及基本句型英语句子成分歌英语句子八呀八大块，主谓宾表真呀真实在；补语跟着宾语表语跑，定语同位（语）专把名词踹。

状语的位置它自由自在，忽右忽左随心所欲摆。

浑身的毛病真呀真不少，前后乱窜它还会加塞。

（RAP）【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语、同位语和状语、宾语补足语等。

（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。

一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。

它在句首。

谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。

谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。

它在主语后面。

一般放在谓语之后。

初中英语句子成分讲解-练习及答案

腾训学校语法班---句子成分及基本句型【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。

（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。

一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。

它在句首。

它在主语后面。

一般放在谓语之后。

（动名词短语作宾语）说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。

【英语】初中英语句子结构与成分解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析

【英语】初中英语句子结构与成分解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析一、句子结构与成分1．Which structure is right?A.Your father is ill in bed.（S+V）B.Your friend fell down.（S+V+O）C.Your team won the match.（S+V+O+OC）D.He seems ill.（S+V+P）【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：哪个结构是正确的？A is是系动词，故是主系表结构形式，S+V 表示主谓，B fell是不及物动词，故是主谓形式，S+V+O表示主谓宾，C the match是宾语，故是主谓宾形式，S+V+O+O表示主谓双宾，Dseem是系动词，故是主系表形式，S+V+P表示主系表，故选D。

【点评】考查句子结构，注意seem是系动词的用法。

2．—What an interesting story she told us!—Yes,and her voice sounded________.A.sweetB.smallC.clearlyD.sadly【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！——是的，她的声音听起来很甜美。

sweet甜的；small小的；clearly清楚地；sadly伤心地。

sound是系动词，后跟形容词，故选A。

【点评】考查系表结构。

3．What is the sentence pattern（句型）of the sentence"Linda bought a book yesterday."？A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意："Linda bought a book yesterday."属于哪种句型。

A是主谓结构；B 是主谓宾结构；C是主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；D是主谓+宾语+宾补。

初中必备英语句子结构与成分技巧全解及练习题(含答案)含解析

初中必备英语句子结构与成分技巧全解及练习题(含答案)含解析一、句子结构与成分1．You may know all the words on the right, but which of the following carries meaning?A. A friend self is a second.B. A second is self a friend.C. A friend is a second self.D. Self a second is a friend.【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意：你可能知道右面所有的单词，但是下列哪个句子是有意义的？second，第二个；friend，朋友；self，你自己；a，不定冠词表示数量一；C为正确选项，意为：朋友是另一个自己。

故选C。

【点评】考查连词成句。

先确定句意，根据语法知识将词连接成句。

故答案为D。

【点评】考查句子成分。

牢记句子成分。

3．Choose the correct structure（结构） of this sentence "He lent me a book."A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+PD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。

he为主语S；lent为谓语V；me为间接宾语IO; a book为直宾DO。

故结构为S+V+IO+DO。

故选B。

【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。

初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及问题详解

句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。

（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。

一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。

它在句首。

谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。

谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。

它在主语后面。

一般放在谓语之后。

初二初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案

句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾句子的成分在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语直接宾语、间接宾语、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等;一主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”;一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当;它在句首;如：1Lucy is a beautiful nurse. 名词作主语2He reads newspapers every day. 代词作主语3Smoking is harmful to the health. 动名词作主语4To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.不定式作主语5What we should do is not yet decided. 主语从句作主语二谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”;谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致;它在主语后面;如：His parents are teachers. 系动词和表语一起作谓语We study hard. 行为动词作谓语We don’t finish reading the book. 助动词和行为动词一起作谓语He can speak English. 情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语三宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么;一般放在谓语之后;She is doing her homework now.名词作宾语She saysthatshe is ill.宾语从句作动词宾语We often help him.代词作宾语He likes to play basketball.不定式作宾语We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐;动名词短语作宾语说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后;介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语;名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语;另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语;说明2：及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语;宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语;直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人语之前;不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语;有的动词可以跟;如：give, show给……看,bring, pass, buy等;如：1Our teacher tells us a story.2The sun gives us light.间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,间接宾语前加“to”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise答应, refuse拒绝等;间接宾语加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order命令, sing, pay等1I give him a book. 改成：2He passes me the book.他将书递给我; 改成：3He writes me a letter. 改成：4He will buy me some books. 改成：5She is making me a cake. 改成：四宾语补足语在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分,称为宾语补足语;名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语;宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语;如：They make her happy.形容词I see her dance.不定式We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.名词Please let him in.副词We heard her singing a song.分词短语五表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任;它的位置在系动词后面;如：I am a teacher.名词He is always happy.形容词They are on the playground now.介词短语It gets cold.形容词Be动词am,is,are, was, were系动词表保持keep, stay, remain表改变get, become, turn感官动词feel,sound听起来,seem/look看起来,taste尝起来,smell闻起来如：It sounds interesting.sound为系动词,interesting为表语We should all remain careful. Remain为系动词, careful为表语六定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的;形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等;单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前;如：The black bike is mine.形容词What’s your name代词They make paper flowers.名词说明1：nothing, anything, everything, something等时,定语在不定代词后面;如：I tell him something interesting. 形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语He has something to do. to do为不定式作后置定语说明2,也放在被修饰的名词之后;如：The boys in the room are in Class Four. in the room是介词短语作the boys的后置定语; 七状语修饰动词、形容词、副词;一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示;状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中;如：He did it carefully.副词We often help him.副词Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.介词短语When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.从句作时间状语He sits there.副词地点状语简单句的五种基本句型A. 主语+不及物动词主谓如：The sun rises. 太阳升起来;The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了;rise和stop都是不及物动词,因此后边不必加宾语;B. 主语+及物动词+宾语主谓宾如：I love my country. He helps me. I like action movies. I buy a book.C. 主语+系动词+表语主系表如：Her brother is a driver.We feel happy.feel为系动词,表示感到……It gets dark.天黑了;get为系动词,表示变得Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了;look为系动词,表示看上去,看起来D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语直接宾语、间接宾语主谓+直宾+间宾如：He gives Tom a present.双宾语他给汤姆一件礼物;Mother make a new dress for me.双宾语妈妈为我做了一件衣服;E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语主+谓+宾+宾补如：They call her Mary.宾补他们叫她Mary;We make our classroom clean and tidy.宾补我们使我们的教室干净而整齐;He always makes us laugh.宾补他总使我们笑;二、典型例题写出划线部分的句子成分;1. Lily is cleaning the desk now.2. Her garden is the best in our town.3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.4. I like this book very much.5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister.6. She didn’t come to my party because she was ill.7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.8. We will go to the Children’s Palace once a week.9. They are in the classroom.10. It sounds good.11. His name is Paul.12. We always go to school early.三、课后练习一挑出下列句中的宾语①My brotherdoesn'tdohis homework.A B C D②Peoplealloverthe worldspeakEnglish.A B C D③You must paygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.A B C D④How many newwordsdoyoulearnA B C D⑤Some of thestudentsin the school wantto go swimming,howaboutyouA B C D 二挑出下列句中的表语①The old manisfeelingverytired.A B C D②Why isheworriedaboutJimA B C D③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.A B C D④SoonTheyallbecome interestedin the subject.A B C D⑤Sheisthe firstto learnabout it.A B C D三挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr. Mrs. with thefamilyname.A B C D②WhatisyourgivennameA B C D③On thethirdlapareClass 1 and Class 3.A B C D④I amafraidsomepeopleforgotto sweepthe floor.A B C D⑤The mandownstairswastryingto sleep.A B C D四挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthe childrento read newspapers and booksin thereading-room.A B C D②Heasksherto take the boyout of school.A B C D③Shefinditdifficultto do the work.A B C D④TheycallmeLilysometimes.A B C D⑤IsawMr. Wangget on the bus.A B C D五挑出下列句中的状语①Thereisa big smileon her face.A B C D②Every nightheheardthe noiseupstairs.A B C D③Hebeganto learnEnglishwhen he was eleven.A B C D④The manon the motorbikeis travellingto fast.A B C D⑤With the medicine box under her arm,MissLihurried off.A B C D典型例题答案一.写出划线部分的句子成分;1. 主,谓,宾,状2. 定,状3. 表4. 谓,宾,状5. 定,定6. 谓,状7. 谓,宾,状8. 谓,状9. 表10. 表11. 定,表12. 状,状课后练习三① D ② D ③ B ④ A ⑤ B 四①D ②B ③D ④C ⑤B五① C ② C ③ A ④ B ⑤ B 六① C ② C ③ C ④ C ⑤ D七① D ② A ③ D ④ D ⑤ A 八① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语初中英语语法宾语从句讲解,专项练习及答案宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引,一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式;一、基本讲解1概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语;eg, He said he was good at drawing. 动词宾语He asks him how long Mike has been down . 动词宾语Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. 介词宾语2.连接词1 .陈述句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用that,口语中常常省略;, She told me that she would like to go with us.2以whether 或if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .注意：一般情况下,whether 和if 可以互用, 但有些情况例外;a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用ifeg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.b. 引导词与动词不定式或not 连用时, 只用whether.eg, Please let me know what to do next.Could you tell me whether u go or notc. if当如果讲时, 引导的是条件状语从句, 这时不能用whether.3.特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序;. Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you特殊情况：：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,句式结构应为引导词＋do you think ＋陈述句语序;3.宾语从句时态a.当主句是一般现在时,一般将来时或祈使句时,从句不受主句的限制,根据自身的需要选用相应的时态;例如：Do you knowif/whether he has seen the filmb.当主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去时的相应时态;例如：I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film.注意：当主句是一般过去时,而从句表示的是客观真理,自然现象,科学原理,格言等,从句仍然要用一般现在时;例如：He said that the earth moves round the sun.The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.4.、人称的变化和标点的使用a.从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称,不用变化;如：一主二宾三不变“May I use your knife”He asked me.→He asked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number”He asked me.→He asked me if I know her telephone number.b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定;主句是陈述句,用句号；主句是疑问句,用问号;如：Who will give us a talk I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.Do you knowWhere does he live →Do you know where he lives二、宾语从句的转化. 当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构;如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths.→She agreed to help me with my maths.2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时,主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”;例如：I don't know which sweater I should buy.→I don't know which sweater to buy.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时,从句的主语和间接宾语一致,且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时,从句可以转化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构;如：→Could you tell me how to get to the park4. 当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式;如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.→She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.宾语从句专项习题巩固练习you decided ________for AustraliaA. when will you leaveB. when do you leaveC. you will leave whenD. when you will leaveyou tell me _________A. where does Tom liveB. where Tom livedC. Tom lives whereD. where Tom livesold man asked me ________ .A. where was the cinemaB. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema wasD. where was the way to the cinemathink _______ you will like him. A. that B. if C. why D. howdidn’t know _______ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. howwonder _________ .A. how much cost these shoesB. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes costD. how much are these shoes costasked me _________ . A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he ishim ___.A. whose cup this isB. whose cup is thisC. this is whose cupD. whose is this cupdon’t know _________ .A. what time the movie startsB. what time starts the movieC. the time to start the movieD. the movie what time startsdoctor asked me how long ________ .A. was I illB. have I been illC. I have been illD. I had been illweather forecast doesn’t say _________.A. if it rains tomorrowB. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrowD. if will it rain tomorrowyou know _________A. whose pen is thisB. whose pen this isC. whom does the pen belong toD. whom the pen belong toyou tell me where _________A. the tape wasB. was the tapeC. the tape isD. is the tapewant to know _________A. where is the hospitalB. how old are youC. when the train will leaveD. why is the boy cryingwanted to know _________.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stockingB. when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC. what Father Christmas had put in his stockingD. where Father Christmas had put in his stockingone knows ___ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. whenB. whetherC. whereD. ifdidn’t know_________.A. where is Tim’s fatherB. when was the first watch madeC. who the old man isD. what was wrong with her watchone told us _________, so we need your help.A. how should we doB. what we should doC. what to doD. what should we do don’t know _________ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land an d sea.A. how do itB. how to doC. what do itD. what to doasked me _________.A. whether I find out the sender of the moneyB. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money found outD. whether I found out the sender of the money21. Did you hear ______ A. what did I say B. what I said C. I said what D. what I say22. Can you tell me ________A. which class you are inB. which class are you inC. you are in which classD. are you in which class23. ---Excuse me. Could you tell me _______ --- Certainly.A. when can I get to the stationB. I can get to which stationC. which station can I get toD. how I can get to the station24. Could you tell me where _______ yesterdayA. did you goB. you goC. you have goneD. you went25. Tom asked me ________.A. whose shirt was thisB. whose shirt this wasC. who shirt was thisD. who shirt this was26. Excuse me, could you tell me _______A. where’s the teachers’ officeB. where’s the bus stationC. what’s she doingD. where the post office is27. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I don’t know _______.A. she lives whereB. she where livesC. where she livesD. where does she live28. --- Go and ask Mr. White for help. --- But I don’t know _______.A. where does he liveB. where he livesC. where is he livingD. he lives there29. --- Can you tell me ______ --- Yes, he lives in a small town.A. where he livesB. who is singingC. when he will leaveD. what he said30. Have you decided ______ for LondonA. when will you leaveB. when you will leaveC. when are you goingD. when you are going31. Excuse me. Could you tell me ______our ticketsA. where do we showB. where shall we showC. where did we showD. where we shall show32. --- What are you interested in about cooking food --- We are all interested in ______.A. how egg is friedB. how is egg friedC. How egg friesD. how does egg fry33. Do you know _______ A. what it is B. what is it C. who is he D. whose name is it34. Do you know _______A. whose book is thisB. whose book this isC. this book is whoseD. who’s book this is35. I don’t know ______ now.A. where is my catB. my cat is whereC. where my cat isD. where my cat36. Does he know ______A. what’s your nameB. what name is yourC. what your is nameD. what your name is37. Do you know ______A. which floor he livesB. which floor he lives onC. he lives on which floorD. which floor does he lives on38. Tell me where ____ A. is the hospital B. the hospital is C. is hospital D. hospital is39. He hasn’t decided _______.A. if he’ll go on a trip to Wu xiB. when will he go on a trip to Wu xiC. if he goes on a trip to Wu xiD. when does he go on a trip to Wu xi40. Can you see ________A. what he’s readingB. what is he readingC. what does he readD. he reads what点击中考1. Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell _______. .A. when UFOs will appear next timeB. why do horses know the wayC. where was this kind of plant foundD. how do elephants communicate2. ---What time will Mr. Brown be back to China----Sorry. I don’t know _______. .A. when did he go abroadB. why he is going abroadC. how soon will he be backD. how long he will stay abroad3. ---May I come in I’m sorry I am late.----Come in, please. But could you please tell me _______.A. why you are late againB. what were you doing thenC. who you talked withD. how do you come to school4. ---Could you please tell me _______.----Bus will take you right there.A. where is Henan MuseumB. what Henan Museum is likeC. how can I get to Henan MuseumD. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum5. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _______. .A. where they have beenB. where are theyC. where are they fromD. where they have gone6. ---Do you know _______. the Capital Museum ---Next Friday.A. when will they visitB. when they will visitC. when did they visitD. when they visited7. He wanted to know English party.A. when will we haveB. when we will haveC. when would we haveD. when we would have8. I want to know _______. .A. when we should arrive at the airportB. when should we arrive at the airportC. when the airport we should arrive atD. when the airport should we arrive at, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me _______.----He is a doctor.A. who is heB. who he isC. what is heD. what he is10. ---Could you tell me _______. He is wanted by the head teacher.---Sorry, I’ve no idea. But he _______ here just now.A. where Tim; wasB. where is Tim; wasC. where Tim is; wasD. where Tim is; is11. ---Did Mrs. King leave a message---Yes. She wanted to know _______ this Sunday.A. who you would go shoppingB. if you would go shopping with herC. that you will go shoppingD. when will you go shopping with her’m a teenager’s mother. Sometimes I don’t know .----Love and understanding.A. what my son needs mostB. what does my son want to getC. why my son gets annoyed very oftenD. why does my son get annoyed very often.13. ---I wonder _______. without water ----About a week.A. how long man can liveB. how long can man liveC. when man can liveD. when can man live宾语从句巩固练习参考答案1.参考答案D 你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗宾语从句用陈述语序;2. 参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序,where作从句的宾语;3. 参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序,where表示地点;4. 参考答案A if表示选择,我想你是否将喜欢他;5. 参考答案B 有or not, 所以用whether.6. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序.7. 参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序,who 作从句的宾语;8. 参考答案A whose是所有格,所以后面要有一个名词,整体做从句的宾语;9. 参考答案A 宾语从句用陈述语序;10. 参考答案D 主句是过去时,从句也要用过去相应的时态,医生问我之前我已经病了,所以用过去完成时态;11. 参考答案C if连接宾语从句,宾语从句用陈述语序;12. 参考答案B whose是所有格,所以后面要有一个名词,整体做从句的宾语;13. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序;14. 参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序,时态不受限制;15. 参考答案C 主句用一般过去时,从句要用过去相应的时态,因为圣诞老人是之前就把礼物放进袜子里了,所以用过去完成时态;16. 参考答案B 有or not就用whether.17. 参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序, 主句用一般过去时,从句要用过去相应的时态;18. 参考答案B 没有人告诉我们应该做什么,所以我们需要你的帮助;宾语从句用陈述语序,如果选B就是没有人做什么,us后面是宾语从句,而us是宾格不能作从句的主语,所以C选项缺少宾语从句的主语,应选B.19. 参考答案D我们不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陆地和海洋;What做to do 的宾语;20. 参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序,他问我是否我能找出寄钱的人,主句用过去时态,从句用过去相应的时态;21. 参考答案B 宾语从句用陈述语序,what作从句的宾语;22. 参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序,哪一个班,所以用which class.23. 参考答案D 你能告诉我怎样可以去车站,当然可以;宾语从句用陈述语序,怎样用how.24. 参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序;25. 参考答案B宾语从句用陈述语序,谁的衬衫用表示所有格的whose,后面需要跟名词;26. 参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序,邮局在哪儿,需用表示地点的where.27. 参考答案C 我想去看王夫人,但是我不知道她住在哪里;宾语从句用陈述语序;28. 参考答案B宾语从句用陈述语序29. 参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序,主句用一般现在时,从句根据实际情况用相应的时态,他住在哪里应用一般现在时态,是现在的一种状态;30. 参考答案B 你还没有决定什么时候去伦敦吗宾语从句用陈述语序,因为是你打算去伦敦,现在并没有在伦敦,或是已经去过了,所以从句用一般将来时;31. 参考答案D 不好意思打扰了,你能告诉我,我们将在哪儿检票呢宾语从句用陈述语序,主语是第一人称,所以可以用shall+动词原形;32. 参考答案A 鸡蛋是怎样被煎的,所以用被动语态,宾语从句用陈述语序;33. 参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序;34. 参考答案B 你知道这是谁的书吗宾语从句用陈述语序,谁的书用所有格whose ,后加名词book..35. 参考答案C 我现在不知道我的猫在哪里;宾语从句用陈述语序;36. 参考答案D 他知道你的名字是什么吗宾语从句用陈述语序;37. 参考答案B 你知道他住哪层楼吗哪层楼用which floor, live是不及物动词,后面不能直接跟宾语,只能加一个介词之后,在跟宾语,在哪一层楼,on the floor, 所以介词用on.38. 参考答案B 你能告诉我医院在哪儿吗宾语从句用陈述语序;39. 参考答案A 他还没有决定他是否将去无锡旅行;因为有hasn’t decided得知,还没有决定,所以不可能是打算去,宾语从句用陈述语序;40. 参考答案A 你能看见他现在真正读什么吗宾语从句用陈述语序,主句是现在时态,从句根据事实来决定用什么时态,你能看见是说现在,所以应该是问现在正在读什么;点击中考参考答案1.参考答案A. 我的一些朋友对自然科学感兴趣,但他们谁也讲不出下次不明飞行物出现的时间;宾语从句应该用陈述语序;2. 参考答案D. 布朗先生什么时候回中国抱歉;我不知道他会在国外待多久;宾语从句应该用陈述语序;3. 参考答案A. 我可以进来吗很抱歉我迟到了;请进,但请你告诉我为什么又迟到了吗宾语从句应该用陈述语序;4. 参考答案 D. 你能告诉我怎样到河南博物馆我坐几路车能到河南博物馆吗宾语从句应该用陈述语序;5. 参考答案D. 彼得说怀特一家正在度假,但没有人知道他们去了哪里;宾语从句应该用陈述语序;They have been to他们去过某个地方,现在已经回来了；they have gone to他们去了某个地方,现在还没有回来;6. 参考答案B. 你知道他们什么时候参观首都博物馆吗下周五;宾语从句应该用陈述语序;7. 参考答案D. 你想知道我们什么时候举办英语联欢会;当主句是一般过去时态的时候,宾语从句用相应的过去时态,宾语从句应该用陈述语序;8. 参考答案A. 我想知道我们应该什么时候到达机场;宾语从句应该用陈述语序;9. 参考答案 D. David,看那边那个穿白衣服的人,你能告诉我他是干什么的吗他是医生;询问职业用what；宾语从句应该用陈述语序;10. 参考答案C. 你能告诉我蒂姆在哪里吗班主任在找他;对不起,我不知道;但是他刚才在这里;动词tell 后接的宾从应用陈述语序,just now提示应该用was.11. 参考答案B. 金太太留口信了吗是的,她想知道这个周日你是否跟她一起去购物;12. 参考答案A. 我是一个青少年的妈妈;有时我不知道我的儿子最需要什么;爱和理解;宾语从句应该用陈述语序;Love and understanding.故用what.13. 参考答案A. 我想知道,没有水人能活多久;大约一周;About a week知询问应用how long,宾语从句应该用陈述语序;。

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句子成分及基本句型【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。

（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。

一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。

它在句首。

它在主语后面。

一般放在谓语之后。

（动名词短语作宾语）说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。

介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。

名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。

另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。

说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。

宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。

直接宾语是及物动词的。

间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。

不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。

有的动词可以跟。

如：give, show（给……看），bring, pass, buy等。

如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story.（2）The sun gives us light.间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词间接宾语前加“to”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise （答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。

间接宾语加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay等（1）I give him a book. 改成：（2）He passes me the book.（他将书递给我。

）改成：（3）He writes me a letter. 改成：（4）He will buy me some books. 改成：（5）She is making me a cake. 改成：（四）宾语补足语在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。

名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。

宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。

如：They make her happy.（形容词）I see her dance.（不定式）We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.（名词）Please let him in.（副词）We heard her singing a song.（分词短语）（五）表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。

它的位置在系动词后面。

如：I am a teacher.（名词）He is always happy.（形容词）They are on the playground now.（介词短语）It gets cold.（形容词）Be动词（am，is，are, was, were）系动词表保持（keep, stay, remain）表改变（get，become，turn）感官动词（feel，sound（听起来），seem/look（看起来），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来））如：It sounds interesting.（sound为系动词，interesting为表语）We should all remain careful. Remain（为系动词，careful为表语）（六）定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。

形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。

单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。

如：The black bike is mine.（形容词）What’s your name?（代词）They make paper flowers.（名词）说明1：nothing, anything, everything, something等时，定语在不定代词后面。

如：I tell him something interesting. （形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语）He has something to do. （to do为不定式作后置定语）说明2作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。

如：The boys in the room are in Class Four. （in the room是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。

）（七）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词。

一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。

状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。

如：He did it carefully.（副词）We often help him.（副词）Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介词短语）When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语）He sits there.（副词地点状语）【简单句的五种基本句型】A. 主语+不及物动词(主谓)如：The sun rises. 太阳升起来。

The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。

rise和stop都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。

B. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)如：I love my country. He helps me. I like action movies. I buy a book.C. 主语+系动词+表语(主系表)如：Her brother is a driver.We feel happy.（feel为系动词，表示感到……）It gets dark.天黑了。

（get为系动词，表示变得）Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。

（look为系动词，表示看上去，看起来）D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）(主谓+直宾+间宾)如：He gives Tom a present.（双宾语）他给汤姆一件礼物。

Mother make a new dress for me.（双宾语）妈妈为我做了一件衣服。

E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)如：They call her Mary.（宾补）他们叫她Mary。

We make our classroom clean and tidy.（宾补）我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。

He always makes us laugh.（宾补）他总使我们笑。

例题写出划线部分的句子成分。

1. Lily is cleaning the desk now.2. Her garden is the best in our town.3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.4. I like this book very much.5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister.6. She didn’t come to my party because she was ill.7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.8. We will go to the Children’s Palace once a week.9. They are in the classroom.10. It sounds good.11. His name is Paul.12. We always go to school early.课后练习(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother doesn't do his homework.A B C D② People all over the world speak English.A B C D③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D④How many new words do you learn ?A B C D⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?A B C D(二) 挑出下列句中的表语① The old man is feeling very tired.A B C D②Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D③ The leaves have turned yellow.A B C D④Soon They all become interested in the subject.A B C D⑤She is the first to learn about it.A B C D(三) 挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.A B C D② What is your given name?A B C D③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D（四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.A B C D②He asks her to take the boy out of school.A B C D③She find it difficult to do the work.A B C D④They call me Lily sometimes.A B C D⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B C D(五) 挑出下列句中的状语① There is a big smile on her face.A B C D② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A B C D③He began to learn English when he was eleven.A B C D④ The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.A B C D⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.A B C D(六) 划出句中的直接宾语( )和间接宾语（）①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Does he leave any message for me?典型例题答案一.写出划线部分的句子成分。