中科院研究生英语A英语速读第一册期中考试翻译试题(全)

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中国科学院大学研究生学位统考英语a分级考试真题及详解get11--6教案资料

中国科学院大学研究生学位统考英语A分级考试真题及详解G E T11-2007-6Part I Listening Comprehension (25minutes, 20points)Section A (1Point each)1. A. He doesn't like classic music. B. He feels sorry to decline the offerC. He is eager to go to the concert.D. He hasn't got a ticket yet.2. A. At the garage. B. At the restaurant. C. At the supermarket. D. At the office.3. A. Tony doesn't always listen. B. Tony has hearing problems.C. It's unusual that Tony missed the interviewD. Tony often forgets himself.4. A. The weather is generally cooler and drier. B. The weather is generally warmer and wetter.C. The weather is moderately hot.D. The weather is usually changeable.5. A. A doctor. B. An operator, C. A nurse. D. A dentist.6. A. $0.35 B. $3.50 C. $3.05 D. $30.57. A. He had something wrong with his watch. B. He thought the meeting was for a different day.C. His oral presentation was not well-prepared.D. He was not paying attention to the time.8. A. He didn't attend Professor Smith's class last time.B. He thinks the class will meet as scheduled.C. The woman should pose a more serious question.D. Professor Smith often cancels classes for the long weekend.9. A. The woman does not drink beer. B. It was not the woman's coat.C. The woman just had her coat cleaned.D. The woman is not angry with the man. Section B ( 1 point each)10. A. 850,000 children, around two percent, are currently learning at homeB. School system provides teachers for homeschooling.C. All the states in the U.S. permit homeschooling.D. Homeschooled children are never expected to go to college.11. A. Because their children do not like attending schools.B. Because they love their children too much to send them away from homeC. Because homeschooling provides more time for the family to be together.D. Because they are able to help their kids to learn more social skills.12. A. A variety of honeybee. B. A geographic magazine.C. A National Home School Honor SocietyD. A national top competition.13. A. Importance of biodiversity. B. Protection of wild species.C. Farm pollution.D. Agricultural methods.14. A. Rice, maize, potato and wheat. B. Corn, bean, rice and wheat.C. Potato, maize, bean and rice.D. Rice, corn, wheat and sweet potato15. A. They can harm wetlands, rivers and other environments needed to support lifeB. They can destroy crops, native species and property.C. They spread in areas they are not native to with natural controls.D. They hardly survive different conditions.Section C ( 1 point each)Lecture Topic: Getting a good night’s sleep16. There are several ___________ drugs available to help people sleep.If you don’t want to use drugs, there are some things you can do on your own to help get a good night’s sleep:17. 1)___________________________________________18. 2)___________________________________________19. 3)___________________________________________20. 4)___________________________________________PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A. supportB. restrictC. raiseD. modify23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors' instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A. abundantB. controversialC. conduciveD. convincing25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A. more wealthyB. less successfulC. dismissed earlierD. favorably positioned26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you'll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.A. believedB. discardedC. advocatedD. confirmed28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A. assessingB. cuttingC. elevatingD. altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B (0.5 point each)31._________this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home.A. humbleB. obscureC. inferiorD. lower33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible.A. humidityB. humanityC. harmonyD. honesty34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life.A. vesselB. vestC. ventureD. vehicle35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who___six years of instruction.A. set aboutB. run forC. sit throughD. make for36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive aneven deeper ______between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm.A. accustomed toB. committed toC. applied toD. suited to38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths.A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient's life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk.A. exposeB. leadC. contributeD. send40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun.A. tourB. travelC. visitD. tripPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Harvard University's under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard's curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization."Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important," said Kirby.Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university." 46 studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a university in China."It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required "core curriculum". The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized "ways of knowing".Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 "Harvard College Courses", emphasizing knowledge over methodology and 50 wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean.41. A. inspecting B. reviewing C. searching D. underlying42. A. in accordanceB. in line withC. in charge ofD. in response to with43. A. update B. uphold C. upset D. upward44. A. trust-worthy B. note-worthy C. praise-worthy D. reward-worthy45. A. turn out B. turn in C. turn to D. turn over46. A. In spite of B. As if C. Let alone D. Rather than47. A. perish B. destroy C. abolish D. denounce48. A. appropriate B. imaginative C. special D. specific49. A. optical B. optional C. opposite D. optimistic50. A. sparing B. spiraling C. spanning D. sparkling PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage OneA report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.'? Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes(烟气). Also don't walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver's side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.51. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to fight air pollution in big cities.B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________.A. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disasterB. cannot be compared with the disaster in ChernobylC. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disasterD. can be more serious than we used to think53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________.A. where the wind is comingB. where the wind is goingC. where the wind is weakerD. where the wind is stronger54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________.A. on the left side in the busB. on the right side in the busC. in the middle of the busD. at the back of the bus55. It is implied in the passage that ________.A. people should not take street level transportationB. tiny iron particles will not cause health problemsC. air pollution on an underground train is less poisonousD. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________.A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduceB. stay away from the traffic as far as possibleC. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the streetD. count down for the light to changePassage TwoGlobal warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can getrich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. "Wouldn't it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn't it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action," Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley's research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn't predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider."This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it's part of that because we're not going to get along with each other if we're not getting along with the planet," Alley said.57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________.A. can be easedB. can be endedC. will become worseD. will last for decades58. Ally's research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________.A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patternsB. subtle changes in atmospheric patternsC. humans' burning of fossil fuelD. increasing levels of carbon dioxide59. The word "upbeat" (in Paragraph 3) probably means __________.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. worriedD. insensible60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming?A. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate.C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels.D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into ______.A. a region like SiberiaB. a warmer and warmer placeC. a tropical regionD. a place like North Pole62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world isA. lack of harmonyB. violenceC. global warmingD. climate shiftPassage ThreeWe're talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending.Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It's nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don't work out that way. They point to an idea called the "paradox of thrift." Imagine you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don't have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.It's a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, theyhave noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won't buy things that they need.In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful.If you think you really want that product because it's beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product.63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________.A. enjoy their present life as much as possibleB. spend every penny they have earnedC. save every penny for the futureD. save some money for later use64. According to the context, "paradox" (in Paragraph 2) probably means “__________”.A. contradictionB. hypothesisC. declarationD. assertion65. It is implied that many people in the UK and the United StatesA. have to work hard to make ends meetB. spend more than they can affordC. have trouble in paying back their debtsD. don't pay back their debts on time66. According to the resent studies made by economists, people__________.A. take pleasure in buying useless thingsB. won't buy things that they need.C. spend their money irrationallyD. make rational choices while spending their money67. It has been proved by the scientists at Stanford University that some people like to save money because_____.A. they like keeping their money in the bankB. they will feel safe if they save enough money for the futureC. they don't want to spend their money on useless thingsD. spending money gives them pain68. The passage mainly tells us_________.A. how to spend our moneyB. it is better to save some money for the futureC. it is the chemicals released from the brain that decide our spendingD. how to form a habit of rational spendingPassage FourTrees are good. Good enough to hug. Planting trees will make the world cooler than it would otherwise be. This is the subject of a newly published study by Govindasamy Bala, of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in California, and his colleagues. Dr Bala has found, rather counter-intuitively, that removing all of the world's trees might actually cool the planet down.The reason for this is that trees affect the world's temperature by means other than the carbon they take in. For instance forests remain quite a dark shade even after a snowstorm. They are certainly darker than grasslands, and thus they can absorb more of the sun's heat than vegetation which might otherwise cover the same stretch of land. That warms things up. Dr Bala and his colleagues took such effects into account using a computer model called the Integrated Climate and Carbon Model. Unlike most climate-change models, which calculate how the Earth should absorb and radiate heat in response to a list of greenhouse-gas concentrations, this one has many subsections that represent how the carbon cycle works, and how it influences the climate.Overall, Dr Bala's model suggests that complete deforestation would cause an additional 1.3ْC temperature rise compared with business as usual, because of the higher carbon-dioxide levels that would result. However, the additional reflectivity of the planet would cause 1.6ْC of cooling. A treeless world would thus be 0.3ْC cooler than otherwise.No one, of course, would consider chopping down the world's forests to keep the planet cool. But having made their point, Dr Bala and his colleagues then went on to look at forest growth and loss at different latitudes. Planting trees in convenient places such as Europe and North America may actually be counterproductive. In Russia and Canada, cutting trees down led mostly to local cooling. The carbon dioxide this released into the atmosphere, though, warmed the world all over. Around the equator, by contrast, warming acted locally (as well as globally), so a tropical country would experience warming created by cutting down trees.The results follow increasing criticism from climate scientists of the benefits of forestry schemes to offset carbon emissions. Planting trees to neutralise carbon emissions has become a big business: £60m worth of trees have been bought this year, up from £20m in 2005. By 2010 the market is expected to reach £300m.69. According to the passage, trees make the world warmer because of their _________.A. deep colorB. round shapeC. enormous sizeD. high reflectivity70. Dr Bala's Integrated Climate and Carbon Model____________.A. supports the findings of other climate modelsB. is based on the results of other climate modelsC. uses a system different from other climate modelsD. challenges the basic theory of other climate models71. Based on Dr Bala's model, a treeless world would__________.A. cause serious environmental problemsB. prove helpful in fighting global warmingC. make it difficult to deal with climate changeD. raise carbon dioxide levels and global temperature72. According to Dr Bala, the best places to plant trees would be__________.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. High-latitude countries.D. tropical countries73. As is shown in the passage, criticism from other climate scientists__________.A. should be taken rather seriouslyB. is unreasonable and far-fetchedC. involves mostly economic interestsD. is voiced on behalf of the government74. The best title for the passage is____________.A. Should Green Trees Be Left Alone?B. Why Green Trees Might Not Be Green?C. How to Help Green Trees Survive?D. How to Go Green with Green Trees? Passage FiveThe patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.Well, almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Last were the medical students who were most assuredly at the bottom of the heap.The student whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do in such a situation? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it. These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, "The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring." But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedback -- positive and negative -- about their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patient's benefit, is whistle-blowing.75. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy______________.A. is useful to the people on the lower layerB. is built on a performance-reward systemC. is a barrier to the exchange of medical viewsD. is an effective way of teaching medical students76. "the benefit of the doubt" in Paragraph 5 shows that_________________.A. the student was not quite certain that she was rightB. the resident did not respond to the student's doubtC. the student was denied the chance to doubt the superiorD. the resident benefited from the student's suggestion77. James Dwyer's words mean that___________.A. students should learn to speak both kindly and professionallyB. students should challenge the superior for the benefit of patientsC. students should retain their faith even after facing some difficultiesD. students should be educated on how to care more about the patients78. What is the attitude of medical educators toward teaching students to give feedback?A. Confused.B. Indifferent.C. Reluctant.D. Enthusiastic.79. The author tends to believe that the problem faced by medical studentsA. will remain for a long timeB. will disappear in the near futureC. should not be exaggeratedD. cannot be solved successfully80. The passage focuses on_____________.A. the development of teaching hospitals' hierarchiesB. the different roles in teaching hospitals' hierarchiesC. the future reforms on teaching hospitals' hierarchiesD. the problems caused by teaching hospitals' hierarchiesPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation．Section B(15 minutes，10 points)中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。

中国科学院大学2010年6月研究生英语学位考试真题及答案详解

2010----6PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points)Section A (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. He has better hearing than others．B. He doesn't care what the woman may say.C. He is eager to know the news．D. He doesn't believe what the woman said.2. A. The camera is the latest style.B. The camera is multi-functional.C. The camera is small and fashionable．D. There's nothing new with the camera.3. A. She asks the man to postpone the invitation.B. She tells the man to take a raincoat with him.C. She refuses the invitation because it is raining hard.D. She wants the man to pay the dinner check.4. A. The manager will report to the company.B. The manager will make trouble for the man.C. The manager will get into trouble.D. The manager will fire the man.5. A. She's not courageous enough．B. She didn't have enough time．C. She was afraid of the monster.D. She didn't like the game.6. A. He's broke.B. He's sick.C. He's very tired.D. He has something to do at home．7. A. Stock trading is not profitable.B. The stock market is always unstable.C. Stock trading is easier than the man said.D. Stock trading is not as easy as the man thinks．8. A. James is warm-hearted.B. James is a car technician.C. James knows the woman's car very well.D. James is very skillful in car repairing．9. A. Jake would do stupid things like this.B. The man's conclusion is not based on facts．C. The man shouldn't be on a date with another girl.D. Jake didn't tell the man's girlfriend about his date.Section B (1 point each)Directions: In this section you will hear two mini-talks: At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Mini-talk one10. A. In 1984. C. In 1992．B. In 1986. D. In 1996．11. A. Almost 25 billion dollars．B. Almost 2.5 billion dollars．C. Almost 25 million dollars．D. Almost 2.5 million dollars．12. A. Her family. B. Her mother. C. Her father. D. Herself.Mini-talk Two13. A. It covers an area of more than 430 hectares.B. It took more than 16 years to complete．C. The lakes and woodlands were all built by human labor.D. The two designers of the park were from Britain.14. A. 7 kilometers．B. 9 kilometers．C. 39 kilometers．D. 93 kilometers．15. A. Baseball, football and volleyball．B. Basketball, baseball and football.C. Basketball, football and hockey.D. Chess, baseball and table tennis．Section C (1 point each)Directions: In this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below. （请在录音结束后把16-20 题的答案抄写在答题纸上）16. The new exhibit is called “______.”(6 words)17. The Family of Man show was designed to express the connections that ______ . (3 words)18. The new exhibit was held at __________. (5 words)19. The new exhibit is divided into several parts: "Children of Man," "Family of Man," "Cities of Man," "Faith of Man"，and “____________”(3 words)20. The theme that comes out is really the unity of mankind that __________. (5 words)PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points）Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. If a country turned inward and insulated itself, the result would be a diminished standard of living.A. worshipedB. splitC. innovatedD. isolated22. The values and beliefs will dictate the direction of your pursuit as well as your life．A. ruleB. shapeC. alterD. complicate23. Studies have proved that smart people tend to be smart across different kinds of realms.A. realitiesB. fieldsC. occupationsD. courses24. Humans are beginning to realize that raising food animals contributes substantially to climate change．A. physicallyB. materiallyC. considerablyD. favorably25. This peer-reviewed journal has a specific emphasis on effective treatment of acute pain.A. urgentB. severeC. sternD. sensitive26. One way to maintain social stability is to crack down on crime while creating more jobs．A. clamp down onB. settle down toC. look down uponD. boil down to27. The city council decided to set up a school devoted exclusively to the needs of problem children.A. forcefullyB. externallyC. reluctantlyD. entirely28. City residents have a hard time trying to avoid contact with hazardous chemicals in daily life．A. dangerousB. prevalentC. novelD. invasive29. The most important aspect of maintaining a healthy diet is whether you can stick to it.A. insist onB. dwell onC. coincide withD. adhere to30. I tried to talk my daughter into dining out in a nearby restaurant that evening, but in vain.A. to my surpriseB. on her ownC. to no effectD. to some extentSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.31. We won't have safe neighborhoods unless we're always tough on drug criminals.A. toughB. roughC. thoroughD. enough32. The challenge for us is to engage these new states in building a more prosperous future.A. participateB. engageC. commitD. contribute33. Forty-five years of conflict and confrontation between East and West are now a thing of the past.A. convictionB. compatibilityC. collaborationD. confrontation34. Few people know the shape of the next century, for the genius of a free people defies prediction.A. deniesB. defiesC. repliesD. relies35. These countries are on the verge of concluding a free trade agreement to propel regional development.A. on the verge ofB. in the interest ofC. on the side ofD. at the expense of36. We‟ll continue along the road mapped out by our presidents more than seventy years ago.A. given outB. made outC. wiped outD. mapped out37. When you win, your errors are obscured；when you lose, your errors are magnified.A. expandedB. obscuredC. cultivatedD. exaggerated38. Although in her teens, the eldest daughter had to quit school to help provide for the family.A. provide forB. head forC. fall forD. go for39. Carbon footprint refers to the total set of greenhouse gases emissions caused by an organization.A. fingerprintB. footstepC. footprintD. blueprint40. There is no question that ours is a just cause and that good will prevail.A. vanishB. wanderC. witherD. prevailPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, l point each)Directions：There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 41-45 BAADA 46-50 CDBAC When people search online, they leave a trail that remains stored on the central computers of firms such as Google, Yahoo and Microsoft. Analyzing what we're looking for on the Web can offer a remarkable insight into our anxieties and enthusiasms. UK writer and Internet expert John Battelle wrote on his blog, “This can tell us extraordinary things about who we are and what we want as a culture” Google‟s experimental service Google Trends，for example, compares the numbers of people searching for different words and phrases from 2004 to the present. According to these graphs, sometimes people's interests are obviously driven by the news agenda: when the Spice Girls announce a reunion, there‟s an immediate rush to find out more about them. Other results are strikingly seasonal: people go shopping online for coats in winter and short pants in summer. The most fascinating possibility is that search data might help predict people‟s behavior. When we search online for a certain brand of stereo system, we are surely indicating we are more likely to buy that brand. Perhaps we search for a political candidate‟s name when we are thinking about voting fo r him or her. Maybe we even search for “stock market crash” or “recession” just before we start withdrawing from our investments. This information could clearly be useful to a smart marketer---it's already how Google decides which advertisements to show on its search results pages---or to a political campaign manager.41. A. investigation B. insight C. consideration D. prospect42. A. extraordinary B. obvious C. mysterious D. sensitive43. A. culture B. nation C. person D. mass44. A. reduced to B. resulting in C. backed up by D. driven by45. A. rush B. push C. charge D. dash46. A. presume B. preoccupy C. predict D. preserve47. A. liking B. alike C. like D. likely48. A. fighting against B. voting for C. believing in D. running for49. A. withdrawing from B. depositing in C. turning down D. adding to50. A. notices B. papers C. advertisements D. statementsPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneNew York‟s WCBS put s it in a way that just can't be better expressed: “It was an accident waiting to happen.” 15-year-old Alexa Longueira was wandering along the street in Staten Island, obliviously tapping text messages into her phone as she walked. Distracted by her phone, she failed to notice the open manhole（下水道容井）in her path, and plunged into it, taking an unprepared bath of raw sewage along with receiving moderate injuries. Longueira called the dive “really gross, shocking and scary.” It‟s not all Longueira‟s fault. The manhole shouldn‟t have been left uncovered and unattended, and no warning signs or hazard cones had been set up near the work site. A worker with New York‟s Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), who was preparing to flush the sewage, helped her out, and the department later issued a formal apology for the incident. Nonetheless, observers are harshly divided over who is to blame here. The DEP is certainly at fault for failing to secure the manhole, but to what extent should the girl be held accountable for failure to be aware of her surroundings? If she had stepped into traffic and been hit by a car, would her reaction (that is: anger and a potential lawsuit) be any different? Detachment from one‟s environment due to electronic gadgets is a growing problem 一and a hazardous(有危险的；冒险的；碰运气的) one. The government is even trying to get involved; with multiple laws on the books across the country outlawing cell phone use and text messaging while operating a motor vehicle in the wake of serious accidents involving distracted drivers. New York Senator Kruger even tried to criminalize the use of handheld devices (including phones, music players, and game players) by pedestrians while they are crossing streets in major New York cities, due to concerns over the number of auto vs. pedestrian accidents. Following a substantial outcry, that legislation appears never to have been formally introduced. But did Kruger have a point? What interested me, at least, is the end of the story above that Longueira lost a shoe in the sewage. But since other things are not reported as lost, I'm guessing she appears to have managed to keep her grip on her phone during the accident.51. By “It was an accident waiting to happen”, New York‟s WCBS meant that _________.A. the accident should have been avoidableB. this kind of accidents happen frequentlyC. somebody was glad to see what would happenD. an open manhole is sure a trap for careless pedestrians52. When the girl fell into the open manhole, she _________.A. was seriously hurtB. was frightenedC. took a bath in the raw sewageD. cried help to the DEP worker53. According to the author, who was to blame for the accident?A. The girl herself.B. The DEP worker.C. Both A and BD. Nobody.54. According to the passage, which of the following is illegal in the US?A. Talking on a cell phone while driving.B. Text messaging while walking across a street.C. Operating music players while drivingD. Operating game players while walking across a street.55. The phrase “in the wake of ” (Para.5) is closest in meaning to “___________”.A. in view ofB. on condition ofC. as far asD. with regard to56. The author found it funny that the girl had __________.A. lost a shoe in the sewage in the accidentB. reported nothing lost after the accidentC. got a firm hold of her phone during the accidentD. managed to keep herself upright in the manholePassage TwoAccording to a study, intellectual activities make people eat more than when just resting. This has shed new light on brain food. This finding might also help explain the obesity epidemic of a society in which people often sit. Researchers split 14 university student volunteers into three groups for a 45-minute session of either relaxing in a sitting position, reading and summarizing a text, or completing a series of memory, attention, and alert tests on the computer. After the sessions, the participants were invited to eat as much as they pleased. Though the study involved a very small number of participants, the results were stark. The students who had done the computer tests downed 253 more calories or 29.4 percent more than the couch potatoes. Those who had summarized a text consumed 203 more calories than the resting group. Blood samples taken before, during, and after revealed that intellectual work causes much bigger fluctuations in glucose （葡萄糖）levels than rest periods, perhaps owing to the stress of thinking. The researchers figure the body reacts to these fluctuations by demanding food to restore glucose 一the brain's fuel. Glucose is converted by the body from carbohydrates（碳水化合物）and is supplied to the brain via the bloodstream. The brain cannot make glucose and so needs a constant supply. Brain cells need twice as much energy as other cells in the body. Without exercise to balance the added intake, however, such “brain food” is probably not smart. Various studies in animals have shown that consuming fewer calories overall leads to sharper brains and longer life, and most researchers agree that the findings apply, in general, to humans. And, of course, eating more can make you fat. “Caloric overcompensation following intellectual work, combined with the fact that we are less physically active when doing intellectual tasks, could contribute to the obesity epidemic currently observed in industrialized countries,” said lead researcher Jean-Philippe Chaput at Laval University in Quebec City, Canada. “This is a factor that should not be ignored, considering that more and more people hold j obs of an intellectual nature,” the researcher concluded.57. The passage mainly tells us that _________.A. consuming fewer calories can lead to sharper brainsB. thinking consumed more calories than restingC. resting more can make people fatD. brain cells need more energy than other cells in the body58. It is implied that to avoid obesity, people who have to sit long should__________.A. think more and eat lessB. increase the intake of vitaminsC. skip some mealsD. eat less potatoes59. The word “stark” in the 3rd paragraph is closest in meaning to “_________”.A. negativeB. obscureC. absoluteD. ambiguous60. According to the research, which of the following activities consumed the most calories?A. Relaxing in a sitting position.B. Reading professional books.C. Summarizing a text.D. Completing tests on the computer.61. According to the passage，eating less may make people __________.A. smarterB. less intelligentC. more emotionalD. live a shorter life62. One of the reasons for the obesity epidemic currently observed in industrialized countries is that in these countries __________.A. people take different exercisesB. fewer people watch their weightC. fewer people hold physical jobsD. foods are much cheaperPassage ThreeOne of the simple pleasures of a lazy summer day is to be able to enjoy a refreshing slice of watermelon either at the beach, at a picnic, or fresh from the farmer's market．Delicious and nutritious, watermelon is one of those guilt-free foods we can all enjoy: one cup of watermelon packs only about 50 calories！Watermelons are not only cooling treats for when the mercury starts to rise; they are also loaded with healthy nutrients such as vitamin A, （vitamin C, lycopene 番茄红素）and etc. Vitamins A and C and lycopene are antioxidants, which are substances that work to help get rid of the harmful effects of substances. Research has suggested that a diet high in fruits and vegetables that have plenty of antioxidants can reduce the risk of heart disease, some cancers, and some other dangerous diseases. A cup of watermelon provides 25% of the recommended daily value of vitamin C and 6% of the recommended daily value of vitamin A. Additionally, researchers have found that lycopene, a nutrient most traditionally associated with tomatoes, is found in equal or greater quantities in watermelon. Watermelons also provide significant amounts of vitamin B6 and vitamin B 1, both of which are necessary for energy production. In combination with the minerals and vitamins already described, these B vitamins add to the high nutrient richness of watermelon. Due to its high water content (watermelon is 92% water by weight) and low calorie count; watermelon is a good choice to satisfy your hunger while you try to eat a healthy diet: Think of them as nature's answer to the heavily marketed “vitamin water” craze. Besides the textured, watery flesh of the fruit, watermelon seeds are also widely eaten as a snack. They are rich in iron and protein and are often pressed for oil or roasted and seasoned. So if you are planning on dining outdoor this summer, or simply looking for a quick and convenient refreshment to serve to unexpected company or reckless children, reach for watermelon. The kids will enjoy its crisp taste and messy juices, the adults will enjoy its refreshing flavors, and everyone will benefit from its nutritious value.63. We don‟t feel guilty even if we eat more watermelon because _________.A. it is deliciousB. it is nutritiousC. it contains low caloriesD. it contains antioxidants64. The phrase “when the mercury starts to rise” (Para. l）probably means “__________”.A. in summer eveningsB. on sunny daysC. when people are thirstyD. when it is getting hot65. How many cups of watermelon can satisfy the daily need for vitamin C? A. One B. TwoC. ThreeD. Four66. By saying “Think of them as nature‟s answer to the heavily marketed “vitamin water” craze”, the author means __________.A. watermelon can take the place of vitaminsB. with watermelon, people don't have to buy vitamin waterC. natural foods are much better than the manufactured onesD. the vitamin water has been over-advertised67. Watermelon seeds are often _________.A. fried in oilB. stored for seasonsC. prepared with spiceD. pressed before being cooked68. The best title of the passage is __________.A. Watermelon-the Most Enjoyable RefreshmentB. The Wonders of WatermelonC. The Nutrients in WatermelonD. Watermelon the Best Summer Food for ChildrenPassage FourInitial voyages into space introduced questions scientists had never before considered. Could an astronaut swallow food in zero gravity? To keep things simple, astronauts on the Project Mercury ate foods squeezed out of tubes．It was like serving them baby food in a toothpaste container. But these early tube meals were flavorless, and astronauts dropped too many pounds. “We know that astronauts have lost weight in every American and Russian manned flight,” wrote NASA scientists Malcolm Smith in 1969．"We don't know why.”Feeding people in space was not as easy as it looked. Floating around in space isn't as relaxing as it might sound. Astronauts expend a lot of energy and endure extreme stresses on their bodies．Their dietary requirements are therefore different from those of their gravity-bound counterparts on Earth. For example, they need extra calcium to compensate for bone loss. “A low-salt diet helps slow the process, but there are no refrigerators in space, and salt is o ften used to help preserve foods;” says Vickie Kloeris of NASA. “We have to be very careful of that.” By the Apollo missions, NASA had developed a nutritionally balanced menu with a wide variety of options. Of course, all the items were freeze-dried or heat-treated to kill bacteria, and they didn‟t look like regular food. Today, the most elaborate outer-space meals are consumed in the International Space Station (ISS), where astronauts enjoy everything from steak to chocolate cake．ISS is a joint venture between the U.S．Russia, and The and diplomatic guidelines dictate the percentage of food an astronaut must eat from each country. NASA's food laboratory has 185 different menu items, Russia offers around 100, and when Japan sent up its first crew member in 2008，about 30 dishes came with him. Due to dietary restrictions and storage issues, astronauts still can't eat whatever they want whenever they feel like it. In 2008，NASA astronaut and ISS crew member Sandra Magnus became the first person to try to cook a meal in space．It took her over an hour to cook onions and garlic in the space station's food warmer, but she managed to create a truly delicious dish: grilled tuna（金枪鱼）in a lemon-garlic-ginger sauce-eaten from a bag, of course.69. Which of the following is true about the early space meals?A. They had to be eaten from a bag.B. They tasted better than they looked.C. They could not make eating as easy as possible.D. They were not nutritious enough for astronauts.70. It seems that astronauts‟weight loss __________.A. was an unusual problem among astronautsB. was what puzzled the early scientistsC. caused new problems in space flightsD. drew the attention of the general public71. According to Vickie Kloeris, serving a low-salt diet in space __________.A. is easier said than doneB. is not absolutely necessaryC. has worked as expectedD. will be the future trend72. In the International Space Station, _____________.A. there is enough space to store enough foods for astronautsB. there is a selection of flavored foods from a dozen countriesC. astronauts in general prefer foods from their own countriesD. astronauts‟need to eat their favorite foods can't always be met73. It can be learned that Sandra Magnus, cooking in space __________.A. left much to be desiredB. wasn't worth the effortC. was quite satisfactoryD. has inspired the others74. The passage mainly introduces ____________.A. the variety of food options in spaceB. the dietary need of astronauts in spaceC. the problems of living in the space stationD. the improvement of food offered in spacePassage FiveIs it possible to be both fat and fit-7-not just fit enough to exercise, but fit enough to live as long as someone a lot lighter? Not according to a 2004 study from the Harvard School of Public Health which looked at 115,000 nurses aged between 30 and 55．Compared with women who were both thin and active, obese (overweight) but active women had a mortality irate that was 91％higher. Though far better than the inactive obese（142% higher); they were still worse off than the inactive lean (5% higher)．A similar picture emerged in 2008 after researchers examined 39,000 women with an average age of 54. Compared with active women of normal weight, the active but overweight were 54% more likely to develop heart disease. .. That‟s settled, then. Or is it? Steven Blair, a professor 0of exercise science at the University of South Carolina, describes the official focus on obesity as an “obsession…and it‟s not grounded in solid data”. Blair‟s most fascinating study, in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2007, took 2,600 people aged 60 and above, of various degrees of fatness, and tested their fitness on the exercise device, rather than asking them to quantify it themselves. This is an unusually rigorous approach, he claims，since many rival surveys ask participants to assess their own fitness, or ignore it as a factor altogether. “There is an …ass ociation‟between obesity and fitness,” he agrees, “but it is not perfect. As you progress towards overweight, the percentage of individuals who are fit does go down. But here's a shock: among class 11 obese individuals [with a body mass index between 35 and 39.9]，about 40% or 45% are still fit. You simply cannot tell by looking whether someone is fit or not. When we look at these mortality rates in fat people who are fit, we see that the harmful effect of fat just disappears: their death rate during the next decade is half that of the normal weight people who are unfit." One day----probably about a hundred years from now---this fat-but-fit question will be answered without the shadow of a doubt. In the meantime，there anything that all the experts agree on? Oh yes: however much your body is weighs, you‟ll live longer if you move it around a bit.75. It can be learned that the 2008 research ________.A. posed a challenge to the 2004 studyB. confirmed the findings of the 2004 study．C. solved the problems left behind by the 2004 studyD. had a different way of thinking from the 2004 study76. Steven Blair probably considers the previous studies asA. unreliableB. uncreativeC. unrealisticD. untraditional77. The major difference between Blair's study and the previous research is that ________.A. Blair excluded the participants’fitness as a factorB. Blair guessed the participants‟fitness after weighing themC. Blair required the participants to assess their own fitnessD. Blair evaluated the participants‟fitness through physical tests78. Blair‟s study proves that __________.A. the weight problem should be taken seriouslyB. weight and fitness are strongly connectedC. it is possible to be both fat and fitD. fat people have a higher death rate79. It can be seen from the description of these studies that the author—A. shows no preference for any researcherB. finds no agreement between the researchersC. obviously favors the Blair studyD. obviously favors the Harvard study80. The purpose of writing this passage is to ___________.A. call on people to pay attention to the weight problemB. present the different findings of various weight studiesC. compare the strength and weakness of different studiesD. offer suggestions on how to remain fit and live longerPAPER TWO译写答题注意事项一、本试卷(Paper Two)答案一律写在答题纸II (Answer Sheet II )上，草稿纸上的答题内容一律不予计分。

中科院博士研究生学位英语考试样题

中国科学院研究生院博士研究生学位英语考试样题Sample TestNON-ENGLISH MAJOR DOCTORATEENGLISH QUALIFYING EXAMINATION (DET)PAPER ONEPart I Listening Comprehension (35 minutes, 30 points)Section ADirections: In this part, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what is said. Eachconversation and the question will be spoken only once. When you hearthe question, read the four choices of the answer given and choose thebest one by marking the corresponding letter A, B, C, or D on yourAnswer Sheet I.1. A. Go back home.B. Mail a letter.C. Do the shopping.D. Ask the way.2. A. Dennis always alters his idea about an outing.B. Dennis has no choice but to come with them.C. It’s surprising that Dennis would come with them.D. Dennis at last accepted the idea about going out.3. A. Go out for fun with the girl.B. Travel with the girl to Holland.C. Try not to spend so much money.D. Let the girl pay her own bill.4. A. The man should reschedule the trip.B. She has no idea when the semester ends.C. She’ll call the travel agency to confirm the date.D. The man should spend his holidays somewhere else.5. A. He forgot to mail the letter.B. He left the letter in his office.C. The letter slipped off his desk.D. He should have put the letter in his bag.6. A. He was exhausted.B. He was drunk.C. He was worried.D. He was late for work.17. A. In a mall.B. In a pharmacy.C. In the cleaner’s.D. In a department store.8. A. The woman argued for her innocence at court.B. The woman complained that she was forced to pay the fine.C. The woman has got away with many violations of traffic law.D. The woman pleaded ignorance this time of her violation of the traffic law.9. A. Jack has to meet a tight deadline.B. Jack has completed his assignmentC. Jack got himself burnt last night.D. Professor David is a pleasant figure.10 A. He does not like Beth.B. He thinks the world is too crowded.C. He is too excited to do anything about the party.D. He will not help arrange for the party.Section BDirections: In this part, you will hear two mini-talks. While you listen, complete the sentences in your Answer Sheet II for Questions 11 to 20 by writing NOMORE THAN THREE WORDS in each sentence. You will hear each talkor conversation TWICE.Questions 11 to 15 are based on a talk about the concept of community.You now have 30 seconds to read Questions 11 to 15.11.A village, or town, or ____________ can be called an area of social life.12.The speaker states that it is ____________ that people in a community shouldhave the sense of belonging together.13.In some countries ____________ form islands of their own peculiar life.14.The speaker holds that community means any circle of _______.15.When we use the term “____________” rather than “society”, we should think ofsomething greater than organization.You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 11 to 15.Questions 16 to 20 are based on an interview about “global warming.”You now have 30 seconds to read Questions 16 to 20.16.Scientists want to know whether global warming is caused by __________.17.Insulation may cause the Earth to ___________.218.There are many _________on the global climate.19.The _________does not remain static.20.We can not understand the global climate well without understanding _____.You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 16 to 20.Section CDirections: In this part, you will hear three mini-talks and each of them will be spoken only once. While listening to them, read the questions that follow eachtalk. At the end of each mini-talk you will hear the questions read to you.There will be a 40-second-pause after each question. During the pause,you will be asked to write down your answer on your Answer Sheet II,using one sentence only, either complete or incomplete. Your answershould be concise and to the point.Questions 21 to 23 are based on Mini-talk One:Mini-talk OneQuestion 21: How much grain do rats destroy each year in India?Question 22: Where do rats live?Question 23: How do rats spread diseases indirectly?Questions 24 to 26 are based on Mini-talk Two:Mini-talk TwoQuestion 24: What education does the vast majority of US Postal Service jobs require? Question 25: Where can one find the special requirements for some postal jobs? Question 26: In addition to the variety of paid leave, what other benefits are provided fora postal employee? (List at least two.)Questions 27 to 30 are based on Mini-talk Three:Mini-talk ThreeQuestion 27: Why is popular art said to be primarily entertainment?Question 28: What is the distinction in art between a professional and an amateur? Question 29: How does high art differ from popular art financially?Question 30: What are people interested in high art often required to do?Part II Use of English and Reading Comprehension (55 minutes, 40 points) Section ADirections: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and fill in each of the blanks by choosing the right word or phrase fromthe list given below. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet II. Capitalizethe word when it is necessary. The words and phrases listed are twice as3many as the blanks. Once a word or phrase is chosen, it must be used onlyonce.Many of the most damaging and life-threatening types of weather—torrential rains, severe thunderstorm, and tornadoes—began quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions 31 leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado 32 $ 250 million, the highest 33 for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms 34 the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that 35 these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just 36 every twelve hours at locations typically 37 by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions 38 they do forecasting specific local events. Until recently, the observation—intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or “Nowcast”, was not39 . The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. 40 , scientific and technological advances have 41 most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly 42 observations over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and 43 , and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of 44 raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. 45 meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, nowcasting is becoming a reality.Section B (30minutes, 15 points)Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from among the four choices given to answer each of the questions or completeeach of the statements that follow each passage. Mark the letter of yourchoice on your Answer Sheet I.Passage 1For centuries, the gravel and sand of Georges Bank and the great canyons, muddy basins, and shallow ledges of the Gulf of Maine have supported one of the world’s most productive fishing regions. But big boulders have historically protected a41050-square-kilometer region at the bank’s northeastern tip from dredging boats in search of scallops and trawlers hunting down groundfish. However, those boulders are becoming less of a deterrent against improved and sturdier gear. So when geologist Page Valentine of the U.S. Geological Survey in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, stood before his colleagues last month and defended his proposal to safeguard this rare, undisturbed gravel bed, he knew that he was also standing at the crossroads of science and politics.Va lentine’s presentation was part of a 2-day workshop held at the New England Aquarium here to build support for Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), a controversial concept aimed at preserving biodiversity in coastal waters. The meeting, organized by Elliott Norse, founder of the Marine Conservation Biology Institute in Redmond, Washington, featured talks by 21 experts across a range of marine habitats and species and represented the marine community’s biggest push for MPAs.The discussion generated a map that nominated 29% of the ocean floor off the coast of New England and Canada’s Maritime Province for protection, as well as 25% of pelagic (open-ocean) waters. The next step will come in the fall, when the scientists discuss the plan with government officials, commercial stakeholders, and environmental activists—meetings that are likely to be contentious. “The conservation groups will want to see if various species are covered. And various fishermen will be convinced that their livelihood is threatened,” says Mik e Pentony, an analyst for the New England Fishery Management Council, who was an observer at last month’s workshop. The areas could be established by the National Marine Fisheries Service or under existing U.S. and Canadian laws to protect endangered species and habitats.46. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A.Fishery Industry in New England.B.Plan to Protect Coastal waters of New England.C.Restoration of Marine Life in the Gulf of Maine.D.Problems Critical to Ecological Balance in Georges Bank.47. The abundance of fish in the area has been a result of ________.A.the perpetual fishery closureB.the stringent ban on overfishingC.the effective fishery managementD.its unique geographic features48. Boulders used to be a deterrent to ________.A.scallopB.groundfishC.fishing boatsD.improved gear49. At the two-day workshop, the scientists reached an agreement on ______.A.the marine areas to be preservedB.how to rescue the endangered speciesC.the guarantee of the fishermen’s livelihoodD.what to discuss with the government officials550. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the last paragraph?A.The fishermen will be worried about their livelihood.B.A decision is soon to be made on the protected areas.mercial stakeholders may be at odds with scientists.D.Conflicting interests will arise between fishermen and scientists.Passage 2Some people are accustomed to thinking that facts must either be believed or they must be disbelieved—as if beliefs were like a light switch with only two positions, on or off. My use of the bathtub hoax is intended to illustrate that belief does not have to operate as a simple yes or no choice, all or nothing. Belief can be more conditional; it can be something that we decide to have “up to a point.” And so, the question we might ask ourselves while reading does not have to be “Should I believe it or not?”but instead can be “How much should I believe it?”This later question implies that the belief we have in any given fact, or in any given idea, is not determined by whether it sounds right or whether the source is an authority. It means that our beliefs are determined by the reasons that justify them. Belief is not a mechanical action, brought about by invariable rules of nature. It is a human activity, the exercise of judgment. With this in mind, we might say that we perform this action better when we know what the reasons are that have led to our belief, and why they are good reasons.These observations do not deprive us of our ability to believe in what we read. They are not intended to transform you from credulous believers into stubborn doubters. The process of weighing beliefs against the quality of reasons is one that you already go through all the time, whether you are aware of it or not. We all do. The practice of critical reading is the exercise of this kind of judgment on purpose. By doing it, we protect ourselves from being led into belief for inadequate reasons, but at the same time we open up our minds to the possibility of arriving at belief for adequate ones. If we decide to grant or withhold consent based on the quality of the reasons that we are given we admit at the same time that two things are possible: We admit that we might consent less in the future if we discover that the reasons are not so good after all; and we admit that we might consent more if we are ever presented with better reasons than we had formerly known. This attitude is not pure skepticism any more than it is pure credulity. It is somewhere in between. It is the attitude of an open-minded thinker, of someone who wishes to be responsible for deciding for herself or himself what to believe.51. The author’s use of the bathtub hoax is meant to suggest that __________.A.facts must be believed unconditionallyB.belief is more than a simple yes or no choiceC.nothing should be believed or disbelievedD.belief is nothing but a light switch52. To believe or disbelieve what you read should be based on ________.A.the facts that you are givenB.whether the author is an open-minded authorityC.the quality of reasons provided by the materialD.the assumption that you know everything about it653. As a human activity, weighing the facts about something is actually _______.A.determined by the rules of natureB. a performanceC.brought about even at birthD.experienced by everyone54. According to the author, which of the following is true?A.Our attitude toward what we read may change if we are given more reasons.B.An open-minded thinker is responsible for what he or she says.C.Critical reading can make us believe more in what we read.D.We ought to question the value of what we read if its source is notauthoritative.55. What is the topic of this passage?A.Judgment and Responsibility.B.Reading and Belief.C.Trust and Faith.D.Reading and Human Activity.Passage 3Things don’t come easily to Matteo, a 4-year-old New Yorker with brown bangs and cowboy bandanna. Afflicted by cerebral palsy, he moves awkwardly. He thinks slowly and doesn’t talk much. Small frustrations upset him terribly. But when Matteo visits Clive Robbins, his music therapist, he bangs gleefully on a snare drum, placing one hand on the rim to steady himself, he uses the other to rap in tempo to Robbins’s improvised song. As the tune progresses, Matteo moves his act to the piano, banging along with one or two fingers and laughing excitedly. By following the rhythm, he is learning to balance his body and coordinate the movement of his limbs. He’s also learning to communicate. “He is grown much more motivated and intent,” says Robbins, the co-founder of New York Univ ersity’s Nordoff-Robbins Center for Music Therapy.Disabled children aren’t the only ones feeling the therapeutic power of music. A 79-year-old stroke survivor listens to Viennese waltzes on his headphones to help him to relearn to walk. A woman in labor h ad LeAnn Rimes’ country tunes blaring from a stereo to help her keep in step with her contraction. And, yes, ostensibly healthy people are listening to airy New Age discs, and maybe lighting a candle or two, to lessen stress and promote well-being. They may all be on to something. Mounting evidence suggests that almost any musical stimulus, from Shostakovich to the Spice Girls can have therapeutic effects.Music therapy isn’t mainstream health care, but recent studies suggest it can have a wide range of benefits. In 1996, researchers at Colorado State University tried giving 10 stroke victims 30 minutes of rhythmic stimulation each day for three weeks. Compared with untreated patients, they shared significant improvements in their ability to walk steadily. P eople with Parkinson’s disease enjoyed similar benefits. A musical beat from any genre seemed to provide a rhythmic cue, stimulating the brain’s motor systems.7Other body systems seem equally responsive. Scottish researchers have found, for example, that a daily dose of Mozart or Mendelssohn significantly brightens the moods of institutionalized stroke victims. Using psychological tests, the Scottish team showed that patients receiving 12 weeks of daily music therapy were less depressed and anxious, and more stable and sociable, than other patients in the same facility. Music therapy has also proved useful in the management of Alzheimer’s and other neurological diseases. And Deforia Lane, a music therapist at University Hospitals in Cleveland, has shown that music can boost immune function in children. That’s consistent with a 1995 finding by Louisiana researchers that preemies exposed to lullabies in the hospital went home earlier.56.Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A.Why Music is PowerfulB.Music and Pain MedicationC.Music and Disabled ChildrenD.The Medical Power of Music57.Which of the following statements is right about Matteo?A. He is suffering a paralysis of the brain.B. He is late in his ability to walk and talk.C. He plays music better by taking the advice.D. He’s ambitious to become a professional drummer.58.Paragraph 2 mainly tells that ________________.A.music helps pregnant women undergo contractionsB.music stimulates promotion of people’s well-beingC.music seems to have therapeutic effects on all peopleD.sick people benefit a lot from listening to music59.Based on the author’s description, the Spice Girls is taken asA.a classic example of music.B.a typical extreme of music.C.the most popular musical category.D.disgusting but having some medical effect.60.According to the context, the word “preemies” probably means________.A.sick children coming to see a doctorB.children with infectious diseasesC.newly recovered young patientsD.premature babiesSection C (10minutes, 10 points)Direction: In the following passage, five sentences have been removed from the original text. They are listed from A to F and put below the passage. Choosethe most suitable sentence fro the list to fill in each of the blanks numbered61 to 65. There is one sentence that does not fit in any of the blanks. Markyour answers on your Answer Sheet I.8Virtual reality engineers are space makers, to a certain degree they create space for people to play around in. A space maker sets up a world for an audience to act directly within, and not just so the audience can imagine they are experiencing a reality, but so they can experience it directly. “The film maker says, ‘Look, I’ll show you.’” The space maker says, “Here, I’ll help you discover.”61 Are virtual reality systems going to serve as supplements to our lives, or will individuals so miserable in their daily existence find an obsessive refuge in a preferred cyberspace? What is going to be included, deleted, reformed, and revised? Will virtual reality systems be used as a means of breaking down cultural, racial, and gender barriers between individuals and thus nurture human values? During this century, responsive technologies are moving even closer to us, becoming the standard interface through which we gain much of our experience. 62 Instead of a global village, virtual reality may create a global city, the distinction being that the city contains enough people for groups to form affiliations, in which individuals from different cultures meet together in the same space of virtual reality. 63 A special camera, possibly consisting of many video cameras, would capture and transmit every view of the remote locations. Viewers would receive instant feedback as they turn their heads. Any number of people could be looking through the same camera system. Although the example described here will probably take many years to develop, its early evolution has been under way for some time, with the steady march of technology moving from accessing information toward providing experience.64 Virtual Reality is now available in games and movies. An example of a virtual reality game is Escape From Castle Wolfenstein. In it, you are looking through the eyes of an escaped POW from a Nazi death camp. You must walk around in a maze of dungeons where you will eventually fight Hitler. One example of a virtual reality movie is Stephen King’s The Lawnmower Man. It is about a mentally retarded man that uses virtual reality as a means of overcoming his handicap and becoming smarter. He eventually becomes crazy from his quest for power and goes into a computer. From there he is able to control most of the world’s computers. This movie ends with us wondering if he will succeed in world domination. From all of this we have learned that virtual reality is already playing an important part in our world. 65A.Reality is to trick the human senses, to help people believe and uphold an illusion.B.The ultimate result of living in a cybernetic world may create an artificial globalcity.C.As well, it is probably still childish to imagine the adoption of virtual realitysystems on a massive scale because the starting price to own one costs about $300,000.D.The city might be laid out according to a three dimensional environment thatdictates the way people living in different countries may come to communicate and understand other cultures.E.Even though we are quickly becoming a product of the world of virtual reality, wemust not lose touch with the world of reality. For reality is the most important part of our lives.F.However, what will the space maker help us discover?9PAPER TWOWriting (60 minutes, 30 points)Section A (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions:Read the following article and write a summary of no more than 150 words on your Answer Sheet II.The label of world’s oldest spaceman sat uncomfortably with John Glenn. He insisted that he was simply another astronaut in the service of science, conducting experiments aboard the shuttle Discovery. But last week, before returning to Earth, a relaxed Glenn began to embrace what is likely to be his mission’s most lasting legacy: a redefinition of our image of aging. The nation’s No. 1 role model for seniority made jokes and even dispensed a bit of advice about not accepting a dull life (don’t “live by the calendar”) in old age.In a rapidly graying society, Americans are quick to celebrate heroes who defy stereotypes about aging: Glenn going up in space at 77, George Bush parachuting from an airplane at 72. We even made best-selling authors out of the Beardstown Ladies (average age: 70), until it was revealed that their investment returns were only mediocre. Why were we so eager to assume a bunch of novices could pick stocks better than a Wall Street pro? Because we want to believe that growing old is not as bad as we fear.Many who work with the elderly are reconsidering this adulation of senior overachievers. “John Glenn has taken us from our fear of aging to a fear of not being John Glenn in old age,” says Martha Holstein of Chicago’s Park Ridge Cente r for the Study of Health, Faith and Ethics. It’s one thing, she says, to knock down stereotypes that mark the elderly as enfeebled or befuddled. But raising unrealistic standards of vigor isn’t any better. Historian Theodore Roszak note s that along with the celebration of Glenn have come paroxysms of press about 90-year-old marathon runners and other aged mega-athletes. These “supermen images,” says Roszak, author of America the Wise, a new book about how the swelling ranks of the elderly will benefit America, give rise to the dangerous notion that “seniors need to achieve at the level of 30- or 40-year-olds” to win respect.Gerontologists talk about “productive aging,” the notion that one’s 60s and 70s constitute a new middle age as people live longer and healthier lives. Productive aging, with its roots in the social movements of the 1960s, began as a counter to prejudice against the elderly. But such well-intentioned efforts to bring new value to old age sometimes gloss over the fact that older hearts, lungs, ears, and eyes do start to wear out. Forty percent of Americans over age 65 have some chronic condition that limits such simple everyday activities as walking around the block or lifting a bag of groceries.One leading proponent of productive aging wants to use what we know about how proper exercise and diet can forestall illness and physical decline to encourage Americans to maintain healthier lifestyles. John Rowe of Mount Sinai-New York University Medical Center, coauthor of the new book Successful Aging, advocates an incentive program in which Medicare would pay a larger share of medical costs for individuals who quit smoking, drink moderately, or lose weight. That, he says, would10“enhance the well-being of older people” an d also cut the bill for Medicare.Others worry about creating ideals that the white, wealthy, and educated are most likely to live up to. The poor, minorities, and often women have the worst health in late life. A recent study reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association showed that the death rate among the poorest Americans is three times that of others of the same age—but not because they lead significantly less healthy lives. Rather, says Meredith Minkler of the University of California-Berkeley, poverty has “weathering” or cumulative effects. A woman who spends her life on her feet as a waitress or in some other physically demanding job—and then maybe also cares for her grandchildren—winds up in worse health than someone whose white-collar job lets her pay for membership in a health club.In reality, old age means to live with both vigor and limits. Barbara Toomer made that clear last week as she joined protesters in Washington who handcuffed their wheelchairs together at the doors of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to demand funding to live in their own homes. “We hear how marvelous it is for John Glenn to be in such great shape” says the 69-year-old Utah activist with American Disabled for Attendant Programs Today, “but we’re down here fighting to get everybody out of nursing homes, which is where you’re likely to get placed when you get old.”Section B (40 minutes, 20 points)Direction:Write an essay of no less than 250 words on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your Answer Sheet II.Topic: List three important problems facing the world today. Discuss these problems and offer your suggestions as to how to solve them.11Reference key to Sample TestNON-ENGLISH MAJOR DOCTORATE ENGLISH QUALIFYINGEXAMINATION (DET)PAPER ONEPart I Listening ComprehensionSection A1－10 C D A DA B C C B DSection B11.country12.inevitable13.immigrantsmon life.munity16.human activity /humans.17.get warmer.18.influences19.earth’s temperature20.(the) oceans.Section CMini-talk One21: Ten million tons of grain each year.22: Any place they can get into—homes, shops, farm buildings and farm and home storage areas.23: By carrying fleas, mites and other organisms that cause sickness.Mini-talk Two24: Four years of high school or less.25: Any special requirements will be stated on the announcement of examination.26: Retirement support, life insurance and health insurance.Mini-talk Three27: Many of them are hits for a few weeks then they disappear.28: A professional tries to make a living by working in art, while an amateur does all the artistic work just for pleasure.29: Popular art usually makes a lot of money, while high art often lacks funds.30: To give money to make future performances possible.12。

英语A期中考试快速阅读翻译Fast+reading16-20

• 3. As important as speed is the fact that documents traveling directly from computer to computer remain as computer files rather than as a fixed printed page. • 如同速度一样重要的事实是文件作为计算机文档直接从计算机传送到计算机,而不是作为一个固定的打印页。
• 2.No matter how many messages you send or how far you send them, your college or university does not pay anything beyond the fixed am ount required to maintain its own portion of the Internet. 不管你要发多少条信息，也不管要发到多远的地方去，你的大学都只需要支付一笔固定的费用，用于自身网络维护。
Passage 20
• peekaboo[英][ˌpi:kəˈbu:][美][ˈpikəˌbu]n.<主美>躲躲猫（一种把脸一隐一现以逗小孩的游戏）;.
• 1. Now they’re doing well in school. But should you be taking credit? • 现在他们（孩子们）在学校表现得很好，但是这应该归功于你们（父母）吗？
Translation
• 1. Students and faculty at many colleges now have access to email— electronic mail— which combines the capabilities of the computer with those of the phone line. • 现在很多大学的老师和学生已经开始使用邮件----电子邮件----它融合了计算机与电话线的工作性能。 •

中国科学院大学研究生学位统考英语A分级考试真题及详解GET5 2004-6

Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points)Section A ( 1 point each)1. A. No women were allowed to take part in it.B. Women were only allowed to watch the Games.C. Unmarried girls were allowed to compete with men.D. Unmarried women were allowed to watch it somewhere2. A. She needs to buy some new clothes.B. She cares a lot about what to wear.C. The man doesn't work hard enough.D. The man should buy some new ties.3. A. Takes a hot bath.B. Takes a long walk.C. Has a few drinks.D. Has more coffee.4. A. They have a very close relationship.B. They don't spend much time together.C. They are getting along with each other better.D. They are generally pretty cold to each other.5. A. His sixth sense told him.B. He is unskillful with his present job.C. His present job pays too little.D. His present job is too demanding.6. A. The accident caused injury or loss of life.B. Seven people were killed in the accident.C. Many people from other cars came to help.D. A lot of vehicles were involved in the accident.7. A. 2754201.B. 2645310.C. 2745301.D. 2654310.8. A. She had no chance to speak.B. She was speechless.C. She talked a lot to the star.D. She saw too many people around the star.9. A. Because it tells the truth most of the time.B. Because it provides a lot of information.C. Because it is the top one on the list of newspapers.D. Because it is an inside newspaper.Section B (1 point each)Mini-talk One10. A. Because other scientists had raised questions about these claims.B. Because some of its scientists had made false claims before.C. Because the claims were very important to the study of physics.D. Because some of its scientists published too many papers in a year.11. A. He made up false data in the experiment to support his new findings.B. He used information from previous work to support his new findings.C. He denied other scientists' involvement in his experiments.D. He was not productive in writing scientific papers.12. A. They dismissed all Mister Schon's publications.B. They asked Mister Schon to apologize to the public.C. They recalled Mister Schon's title as a Nobel Prize winner.D. They removed Mister Schon from his position.Mini-talk Two13. A. The winner should write a report to the committee of the foundation.B. The winner should report to the committee before they spend the moneyC. The winner should not be a government official.D. The winner should be nominated by the foundation's directors.14. A. For her achievements in environmental protection.B. For her achievements in developing computer software.C. For her achievements in developing warships.D. For her achievements in developing robots.15. A. He was recognized as a genius by the foundation's directors.B. He helped the developing countries to fight .against earthquakes.C. He helped the third world countries to develop quickly.D. He ran a non-profit international organization.Section C ( 1 point each)16. What did the several hundred college students compete to build recently in Washington, D.C.?17. Which department in the United States organized the competition?18. How many teams took part in the competition?19. How much did each team spend on equipment and other materials?20. What is the purpose of the competition?PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )21. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of theconversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again and take in most of human life.A. acceptB. understandC. supportD. include22. The applicant was so choked with excitement at the acceptance notification that he could hardly bringout a goodbye.A. blow outB. give outC. get away withD. come out with23. Science education has an important role to play in this reorientation toward fostering creative scientists.A. reformingB. yieldingC. breedingD. conceiving24. Once a proposal goes into place, it's next to impossible to reverse it.A. overthrowB. enhanceC. implementD. provoke25. A punctual person always deals with something properly when it has to be attended to.A. participated inB. seen toC. concentrated onD. involved in26. The majority of these graduate students have but one aspiration--to be top economists.A. inspirationB. ambitionC. requestD. acquisition27. She is found immersed in her studies almost every time I call at her room.A. absorbed inB. submerged inC. saturated withD. agonized by28. The latest evidence suggests that the possibility of recurrence of the bird flu has been eliminated.A. given outB. ruled outC. written outD. turned out29. We are obliged to the teaching stuff here for their academic guidance and profound influence.A. committedB. compelledC. gratefulD. respectful30. Humans have the ability to modify the environment and subject other forms of life to their peculiarideas and fancies.A. novelB. particularC. arbitraryD. fantasticSection B (0.5 point each)31. These ____ salespersons of insurance will be introduced to relevant regulations and business strategies.A. prospectiveB. perspectiveC. respectiveD. protective32. Skin, being sturdy and ______ and well supplied with blood, tolerates injury well and recovers quickly.A. flexibleB. looseC. elasticD. resourceful33. Since teacher behavior is ______ for public display, teachers must be cautious in their personal lives.A. held upB. used upC. kept upD. dressed up34. The concept of personal choice _____ health behaviors is an important one.A. in face ofB. in case ofC. in relation toD. in charge of35. The so-called "brain drain" refers to the fact people carrying heavy responsibilities becomedisillusioned and end up by ________.A. immigratingB. migratingC. integratingD. emigrating36. As fulfillment seldom________ to anticipation, there is no need to feel upset.A. amountsB. correspondsC. addsD. contributes37. The technique provides more detailed information about subtle differences in gene activity __ withcancer-causing pathways.A. coupledB. stainedC. associatedD. integrated38. It was by no means easy to work for a president who demanded security beyond what was really ____.A. called forB. called forthC. called upD. called at39. The display of goods needs to be ______ with the store's atmosphere.A. persistentB. existentC. insistentD. consistent40. These Christians often ask themselves what they have to do to live an _____life.A. externalB. originalC. eternalD. optimalPART III CLQZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, I point each)The chicken is probably the most populous bird on earth. According to 41 , there are over 13 billion chickens! And its meat is so popular that more than 73 billion pounds of it are consumed each year. 42 , hens produce some 600 billion eggs a year worldwide.The chicken is a descendant of the red jungle fowl of Asia. Man soon discovered that the chicken could be domesticated easily. But it was 43 the 19th century that mass production of chickens and eggs became a commercial 44.Today chicken is 45 the most popular poultry meat. Chickens are raised by minions of households for domestic and commercial use.Advanced scientific methods of breeding and raising have made chicken production one of the mostsuccessful agricultural industries. Modern techniques now make 46 possible for just one person to care for from 25,000 to 50,000 chickens. It takes the birds only three months to reach market weight. Many people 47 these mass-production techniques as cruel. But that has not stopped farmers from developing increasingly efficient ways of breeding these birds. Many of the birds raised by such methods are easily to die off----some as 48 of the deadly disease--the bird flu. Many farmers have neither the 49 nor the means to feed their chickens adequately, to provide proper housing for them, or to protect them from diseases.50 this reason programs have been started by the United Nations to help educate farmers in many countries.41. A. estimates B. evaluations C. judges D. legislations42. A. Surprisingly B. Essentially C. Additionally D. Generally43. A. up till B. rather than C. out of D. not until44. A. investment B. venture C. administration D. adventure45. A. by far B. by and by C. for good D. for all46. A. that B. those C. them D. it47. A. conceal B. condemn C. commence D. command48. A. witnesses B. sacrifices C. donations D. victims49. A. know-how B. how-so C. in-the-know D. how-come50. A. Because of B. Due to C. For D. AsPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneOf all the accessories and adornments to clothes one perhaps pays least of all attention to buttons. Functional and often unexciting, replaced by zip fasteners or hooks and eyes, there is, one would think, nothing much to be said about the humble button.Yet it is very probable that buttons started life as ornaments; certainly it is not known that they had any practical function until the 13th century. By the 14th century buttons were once again ornamental, often wastefully so, to such an extent that it was by no means uncommon for a person of wealth and consequence to have as many as 300 buttons on a single article of dress. Unimaginable as it seems today, sewing superfluous buttons on clothes became a craze--not one that seems harmful to us though some Italians took a different view and a law against buttons was enforced in Florence. No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms: penalty for disobedience--a sound whipping. (How often this had to be carried out, history does not relate!)Most of the buttons on modem clothes which could be called decorative once did in fact serve a useful purpose. Buttons on boots are one good example. Sleeve buttons on men's coats are a reminder of the days when the fashion was for wearing shirts with frilly lace cuffs.On the tails of a modem tail coat there are indeed buttons which are purely ornamental but in earlier days horsemen used these buttons to keep the tails out of harm's way.With regard to the side on which clothes are buttoned, originally both male and female dress was buttoned on the left hand side. Change came when men had to have access to their swords.So perhaps it is worth taking a look at buttons.51. Which of the following statements is true regarding buttons?A. They have little function.B. They are the only useful accessory.C. They receive the least attention among accessories.D. They are one of the best adornments to any clothes.52. According to the author, ___________.A. buttons are used as ornaments only in modem timesB. buttons have been used as ornaments since the 14th centuryC. buttons were used as ornaments before the 13thcenturyD. buttons have been used as ornaments on and off throughout the history53. It is implied that in the 14th century buttons ___________.A. were a symbol of wealthB. were occasionally put on clothesC. began to have practical functionsD. represented the wearers' artistic taste54. In Florence, a city in Italy, buttons were once __________.A. loved by every citizenB. banned because they were a crazeC. considered harmful and nobody wore themD. forbidden on the upper arms55. It seems to the author that buttons _________.A. are worth a second lookB. have never served any functionC. should not be sewed on coatsD. play an important role in cur lives56. Male and female dress is now buttoned _________.A. on the right sideB. on the left sideC. on different sidesD. on the same sidePassage TwoBehind most of the bad things we do to our bodies as adults, eating more than we should is the idea we carry with us from childhood. On the one hand, we assume that we are indestructible. On the other, we think that any damage we impose on ourselves can be undone when we finally clean up our act.If the evidence for how wrong the first idea is isn't apparent when you stand naked in front of the mirror, just wait. But what if you eat right and drop all your bad habits? Is there still time to repair the damage?To a surprising degree, the answer is yes. Over the past five years, scientists have accumulated a wealth of data about what happens when aging people with bad habits decide to turn their lives around. The heartening conclusion: the body has an amazing ability to heal itself, provided the damage is not too great.The effects of some bad habits--smoking, in particular--can haunt you for decades. But the damage from other habits can be largely healed. “Any time you improve your behavior and make lifestyle changes, they make a difference from that point on”, says Dr. Jeffrey Koplan. “Maybe not right away. It's like slamming on the brakes. You do need a certain distance”.But the distance can be remarkably short. Consider the recent announcements from the front lines of medical research:--A study concluded that women who consume as little as two servings of fish a week cut their risk of suffering a stroke to half that of women who eat less than one serving of fish a month.--The day you quit smoking, the carbon monoxide levels in your body drop dramatically. Within weeks, your blood becomes less sticky and your risk of dying from a heart attack starts to decline Adopting healthy habits won't cure all that bothers you, of course. But doctors believe that many chronic diseases--from high blood pressure to heart disease and even some cancers----can be warded off with a few sensible changes in lifestyle.Not sure where to star? Surprisingly, it doesn't matter, since one positive change usually leads to another. Make enough changes, and you'll discover you've adopted a new way of life.57. Most people with bad habits of eating more than they should believe that _________.A. they can never change the habits that have haunted them for decadesB. their bodies cannot be damaged by the bad habitsC. their bodies can heal all the damage without the help from outsideD. they can force themselves to clean up the bad habits later58. The evidence to disapprove the assumption that we are indestructible ___________.A. is seldom apparentB. is clearly shown in the mirrorC. will appear obvious sooner or laterD. is still a question59. According to the passage the human body can heal the damage caused by bad habits _________.A. when the damage is not very seriousB. no matter how serious the damage isC. after we have dropped our bad habitsD. much more slowly than we think60. According to the recent announcements,___________.A. women should eat as much fish as possibleB. women are at a higher risk of suffering a stroke than menC. eating a little more fish can improve women's healthD. men don't have to eat as much fish as women61. It is implied in the passage that ___________.A. smokers have lower levels of carbon monoxide than non-smokersB. the blood of smokers is more sticky, than that of non-smokersC. smokers will be unlikely to die from heart attack if they quit smokingD. chronic diseases can be cured if we drop our habit of smoking62. In the last paragraph the author tells us _________.A. when we should start quitting our bad habitsB. it doesn't matter how we start quitting our bad habitsC. that making enough changes wilt make doctors unnecessary to usD. it's never too late to start making sensible changes in our lifestylePassage ThreeOur true challenge today is not debts and deft, its or global competition but the need to find a way to live rich, fulfilling lives without destroying the planet's biosphere, which supports all life. Humanity has never before faced such a threat: the collapse of the very elements that keep us alive.An apple is an easy thing to take for granted. If you live where apples grow in abundance, you might assume that they are readily available and better yet, that you may pick from a wide variety. But do you know that there are far fewer types to choose from today than there were 100 years ago?Between the years 1804 and 1905, there were 7,098 varieties of apples grown in the United States. Today 6,121 of those are extinct. But does diversity really matter?In the 1840's, Ireland's population exceeded eight million, making it the most densely populated country in Europe. Potatoes were its dietary mainstay, and a single variety called lumpers was the most widely grown.In 1845 the farmers planted their lumpers as usual, but a plant disease known as blight struck mad wiped out almost the entire crop. “Most of Ireland survived that difficult year,” wrote Paul Raeburn in hisbook The Last Harvest--The Genetic Gamble That Threatens to Destroy American Agriculture. “The devastation came the next year. Farmers had no choice but to plant the same potatoes again. They had no other varieties. The blight struck again, this time with overwhelming force. The suffering was indescribable.” Historians estimate that up to 1 million people died of starvation, while another 1.5 million emigrated, most to the United States. Those remaining suffered from crushing poverty.In the Andes of South America, farmers grew many varieties of potatoes, and only a few were affected by blight. Hence, there was no epidemic. Clearly, diversity of species and diversity, within species provide protection. The growing of just one uniform crop runs counter to this basic survival strategy and leaves plants exposed to disease or pests, which can destroy an entire region's harvest. That is why many farmers depend so heavily on the frequent use of pesticides, even though such chemicals are often environmentally hazardous.Why do farmers replace their many folk varieties with one uniform crop? Usually in response to economic pressures. Planting uniform crops promises ease of harvesting, attractiveness of the product, resistance to go bad, and high productivity. But these trends may be destroying man's own food supply.63. The main idea of the passage is___________.A. it is important to protect the earth's bio-diversityB. man is destroying his own food supplyC. we now have fewer bio-species than beforeD. numerous strains of plants can resist plagues64. With regard to the variety of apples in the United States _________.A. it is the fewest in variety in terms of plant familyB. over 80% of its varieties have been destroyedC. we have done our best to protect itD. it is as wide as it was 100 years ago65. The author tells the story in Ireland in the 1840's to show that__________.A. farmers should grow as many varieties of potatoes as in South AmericaB. potatoes should not be gown as a dietary, mainstayC. lumpers were not a choice variety of potatoesD. biodiversity is essential to life on earth66. The uniform crop of lumpers in Ireland in the 1840's_________.A. caused blight to strike Ireland repeatedlyB. caused Ireland's population to decline by halfC. destroyed the whole Irish agricultural traditionD. seriously devastated Ireland's economy67. Diversity of species and diversity within species can help plants _________.A. ward off some disastrous diseases and pestsB. resist natural disasters such as droughtsC. withstand the harmful effect of pesticidesD. yield bumper harvests68. Which of the following is NOT the reason that farmers replace their folk varieties with one uniform crop?A. They want to make more money.B. They want to have a higher output.C. They want to prevent the destruction of human food.D. They want to make their products more attractive.Passage FourIt is a well-documented fact that women still live longer than men. A 1998 study by Harvard Medical School geriatrician Thomas Perls offers two reasons: one is the evolutionary drive to pass on her genes; the other is the need to stay healthy enough to rear as many children as possible. A man's purpose is simply to carry genes that ensure longevity and pass them on to his children.Okay, so that's the legacy of our cave-dweller past. But what is it about a man's lifestyle that reduces his longevity? As action moviemakers know all too well, men are supercharged with testosterone. Aside from forcing us to watch frenzied movies like The Matrix Reloaded, the testes-produced hormone also triggers riskier behavior and aggression, and increases levels of harmful cholesterol, raising the risk of heart disease or stroke. Meanwhile, the female hormone chops harmful cholesterol and raises "good" cholesterol.As Perls's study points out: "Between ages 15 and 24, men are four to five times more likely to die than women. This time frame coincides with the onset of puberty and an increase in reckless and violet behavior in males. Researchers refer to it as a 'testosterone storm.' Most deaths in this male group come from motor vehicle accidents, followed by homicide, suicide...and drownings."While all this jumping from tall buildings may result in some accidental death, it still doesn't account for the onset of fatal illnesses at an earlier age. Statistically, men are crippled more quickly by illnesses like heart disease, stroke and cancer. A Singapore study found that while men were diagnosed with chronic illness two years earlier than women, women were also disabled by their illnesses four years later. Men more often engage in riskier habits like drinking alcohol and using recreational drugs, as well as eating to excess. And the stereotype about men being adverse to seeing a doctor on a regular basis? Studies have shown it's true.If your goal is to become the first 100-year-old man on your family tree, there are some things you can do to boost your odds. One is to examine what centenarians are doing right. According to the ongoing New England Centenarian Study, the largest comprehensive study of centenarians in the world, they can fend off or even escape age-associated diseases like heart attack, stroke, cancer diabetes and Alzheimer's. Ninety percent of those studied were functionally independent for the vast majority of their lives up until the age of 92, and 75% were just as autonomous at an average age of 95. "Centenarians disprove the perception that 'the older you get, the sicker you get.' Centenarians teach us that the older you get, the healthier you've been."69. This passage mainly discusses ____________.A. why women lead a healthier life than menB. how women can live longer and stay healthyC. what keeps men from enjoying a longer life spanD. whether men's life style leads to their early death70. According to Thomas Perls, which of the following a major factor is contributing to the relative longevity of women over men?A. Their natural urge to remain healthy.B. Their greater natural drive to pass on genes.C. Their need to bear healthy offspring.D. Their desire to have mere children.71. The author mentions “the legacy of our cave-dweller past” to ___________.A. support the argument about women's role in rearing childrenB. summarize a possible cause of different life expectanciesC. challenge the theory about our ancestors' behavior patternsD. illustrate the history of human evolution process72. According to the passage, testosterone is a hormone that__________.A. increases as men grow olderB. reduces risk factors in male behaviorC. leads to aggressive behavior and heart diseaseD. accounts for women's dislike for violent films73. Compared with women, men as a whole______________.A. suffer from depression more oftenB. suffer from diseases later than womenC. are reluctant to have physical checkupsD. are not affected by violent movies74. Centenarians refer to people who ___________.A. live longer than femalesB. live at the turn of the centuryC. are extremely independentD. are a hundred years or olderPassage FiveLast year, Curt Dunnam bought a Chevrolet Blazer with one of the most popular new features in high-end cars: the OnStar personal security system.The heavily advertised communications and tracking feature is used nationwide by more than two million drivers, who simply push a button to connect, via a built-in cellphone, to a member of the onStar staff. A Global Positioning System, or G.P.S., helps the employee give verbal directions to the driver or locate the car after an accident. The company can even send a signal to unlock car doors for locked-out owners, or honk the horn to help people find their cars in an endless plain of parking spaces. The biggest selling point for the system is its use in frustrating car thieves. Once an owner reports to the police that a car has been stolen, the company can track it to help arrest the thieves, a service it performs about 400 times each month.But for Mr. Dunnam, the more he learned about his car's security features, the less secure he felt. He has enough technical knowledge to worry that someone else--law enforcement officers, or hackers----could listen in on his phone calls, or gain control over his automotive systems without his knowledge or consent. "While I don't believe G.M. intentionally designed this system to facilitate such activities, they sure have made it easy," he said.Mr. Dunnam said he had become even more concerned because of a federal appeals court case involving a criminal investigation, in which federal authorities had demanded that a company attach a wiretap to tracking services like those installed in his car. The suit did not reveal which company was involved. A three-judge panel in San Francisco rejected the request, but not on privacy grounds; the panel said the wiretap would interfere with the operation of the safety services. OnStar has said that its equipment was not involved in that case. An OnStar spokeswoman, Geri Lama, suggested that Mr. Dunnam's worries were overblown. The signals that the company sends to unlock car doors or track location-based information can be triggered only with a secure exchange of specific identifying data, which ought to hinder all but the most determined hackers, she said.75. The most important feature of OnStar advertised by the company is that it can_____________.A. help people find their cars in the big parking lotB. give verbal direction to drivers lost in unfamiliar areasC. open car doors for owners unable to find their car keysD. make it difficult for thieves to get away with stolen cars76. We can conclude from the passage that OnStar is __________.A. too complicated to use especially for new driversB. not as useful and effective as the company claimsC. popularly used among the more expensive carsD. not widely used in the country except in a few states77. Mr. Dunnam felt dissatisfied with OnStar because ___________.A. his personal information might be revealedB. his demand for better services was rejectedC. OnStar posed potential danger to driving safetyD. OnStar had been developed mainly to facilitate police work78. The three-judge panel rejected the request of the federal authorities because_________.A. it was in violation of individual privacyB. it was against the Constitution of the nationC. the wiretap might affect the safety of personal dataD. the wiretap might reduce the efficiency of the system79. OnStar spokeswoman suggested that Mr. Dunnam's worries ____________.A. exaggerated the problems that might occurB. represented reasonable concerns of customersC. presented problems for them to solveD. made sense due to the existence of hackers80. The passage is mainly written to___________.A. promote the brand and sale of OnStarB. point out the worries caused by OnStarC. introduce the new features of OnStarD. show the future trend represented by OnStarPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)As a branch of cognitive science, linguistics has undergone systematic inquiry and elaboration in terms of language acquisition and classification. When it comes to language learning, the spelling of Chinese characters is notoriously difficult to Westerners, who are often left puzzled about numerous strokes. In China, the myth remains that maximum efficiency can be achieved by exposing young children to native speakers as early as possible. However, a more profound insight into the process of language acquisition won't be gained until studies of the brain have developed to the point where the function of each part of the brain is brought to light. The eagerness to make children proficient in English on the part of parents in China is open to question.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)计算机被认为是有史以来对人类生活影响最大的发明。

中科院英语期中考试翻译

1.Most houses and commercial structures that were constructed after 1980, when Japan’s building code had its last major revision, are still standing.日本最近一次对其建筑规范进行重大修订是在1980年，之后的大部分房屋和商业建筑至今仍完好无损。

Charles Scawthorn, vice president of EQE International, a San Francisco firm that specializes in quake-resistant engineering, says that ”This is the real heart of the seismic-hazard problem. ”国际EQE的副总裁，San Francisco 公司的抗震工程师Charles Scawthorn说：“这（改进现在的建筑结构）就是地震危害的核心问题。

”What he saw convinced him that relatively simple precaution could have prevented the most common form of damage: the roofs and upper stories of buildings crashing down onto lower floors.看到的使他相信那些相对简单的预防措施应该能够防止最常见的毁害：房顶和上层倒塌在下面的地板上In the traditional Japanese house, Scawthorn says, the first floor lacks interior walls that could help support the weight of the second floor, as they would for a Western homeScawthorn说，传统的日本房屋缺乏用于支撑第二层楼重量的内墙，而西方房屋的内墙则能支撑二层楼的重量。

中科院研究生英语A英语速读第一册期中考试翻译试题（全）【精选】

Passage1（共4句）1. Among his first efforts in this area was “Tommy Tucker’s Tooth” (1922), a short combining live action and animation made on assignment for a local dentist.他在这个领域的第一个成就是“汤米塔克的牙”（1922），一部结合了生动动作和动画，描述给当地医生任务的短剧。

2. A 1945 Look magazine article, titled “Walt Disney: Teacher of Tomorrow,” described Disney as “revolutionizing an educational system” and cited how the Donald Duck short “The New Spirit,” made for the United States Treasury Department, affected 37 percent of Americans regarding their willingness to pay taxes1945年，瞭望杂志一篇标题为“沃特迪斯尼：老师的明天”的文章，把迪斯尼描述为“改革一个教育体系”，并且引用美国财政部是如何用唐老鸭短剧“新的精神”来影响37%的美国人交税的意愿。

3. This film contributed to Disney’s being presented with an award of merit, for his contribution to public safety, by the Automobile Club of Southern California.因为迪斯尼对于公共安全的贡献，南加利福尼亚汽车俱乐部给予迪斯尼功绩的奖赏。

中科院硕士学位英语考试GET真题及答案解析英语试卷1

GENERAI ENGLISH QUALIFYING TESTFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS(GETJAN0811)考试注意事项一、本考试由两份试卷组成：试卷一 (Paper One)包括听力明白得、辞汇、完形填空与阅读明白得四部份，共80题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二(Paper Two)包括翻译与写作两部份，共3题。

二、试卷一(题号1-80)为客观评分题(听力Section C部份除外)，答案一概用2B 铅笔做在机读答题纸上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如[A][B][C][D]。

三、试卷二为主观评分题，答案做在ANSWER SHEET II上。

答题前，请认真阅读试卷二的注意事项。

四、试卷一、试卷二上均不得作任何记号(听力Section C部份除外)，答案一概写在答题纸上，不然无效。

五、本考试全数时刻为150分钟，采纳试卷一与试卷二分卷计时的方法。

试卷一考试时刻为90分钟，听力明白得部份以放完录音带为准，大约25分钟；其余部份共计时65分钟，每部份所占时刻均标在试卷上，考生可自行把握。

试卷二共计时60分钟，每部份所占时刻均标在试卷上，考生可自行把握。

六、试卷一与试卷二采取别离收卷的方法。

每次终了时刻一到，考生一概搁笔，等候监考教师收点试卷及答题纸。

全数考试终止后，须待监考教师将全数试卷及答题纸收点无误并宣布本考试终止，方可离开考场。

PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(25 minutes，20 points)Section A(1 point each)Directions：In each section，you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers．At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said．The conversations and the questions will be read only once．Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet．1．A．He was beaten by a fellow worker．B．He was laughed at by a fellow worker．C．He was fired from his work．D．He was replaced by his co-worker．2．A．He did it like everyone else．B．He was not speeding basically．C．He would like to pay the fine．．D．The policeman was unfair to him．3．A．Talk about their fishing experiences．B．Drive the woman’s dad to the station together．C．Put off their fishing plan for the next weekend．D．Go fishing after the woman sees her dad off．4．A．She thought the man’s project had been finished．B．She didn’t know the man’s project was urgent．C．She thinks the man shouldn’t be so stressed．D．She thinks the man has exaggerated about his project．5．A．He knows psychology very well．B．Psychology is beyond his comprehension．C．Psychology is his major．D．He has forgotten the theory of psychology6．A．It’s a pleasant surprise．B．It’s really unexpected．C．It’s very sad．D．It’s a pity．7．A．He was disappointed with the service．B．He Was satisfied with the service．C．He finally got what he wanted．D．He would like to try it again．8．A．He didn’t finish his finals week．B．He failed most of his examinations．C．He couldn’t remember what he had prepared in the exams．D．He couldn’t concentrate during the exams．9．A．Not enjoyable．B．Just so so．C．It’s his favorite．D．He likes it．Section B(1 point each)Directions: In this section you will hear two mini．talks．At the end of each talk, there will be some questions．Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once．After each question，there will be a pause．During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer SheetMini-talk One10．A．T0 start up her own business．B．To gain experience．C．To save for her tuition．D．To help her family．11．A．Because he could have more spare credits．B．Because the 15-credit-plan was more cost-efficient．C．Because he had to make up 15 credits．D．Because the 15-credit-plan was easier．12．A．To become an intern．B．To challenge traditions．C．To start up her own business．D．To get a full time job．Mini-talk Two13．A．The United States has declared its independence．B．Lady Liberty is a gift from the people of France．C．American people have shaken off the oppression．D．The United States has broken off its relations with UK．14．A．Lady Liberty．B．Liberty Lady．C．The Statue of Liberty．D．Liberty Enlightening the World．15．A．By bus．B．By boat．C．By car．D．By subway．Section C (1 point each)Directions：In this section you will hear a short lecture．Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture．You will hear the recording twice．After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet．You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below．(请在录音终止后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上)16. Mental health experts also include other disorders like ___________ (4 words) that affect millions of people．17．Mental health problems are most severe in poor countries that __________(3 words) to deal with them．18．About half of all mental health problems first appear before __________(4 words)．19．According to WHO，how many people suffered from depression in 2020? (4 words) 20．The disability caused by mental disorders can have a big impact on __________.(3 words)PART Ⅱ VOCABULARY(10 minutes，10 points)Section A point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined .Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A , B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. It was fascinating to watch my husband as he literally became President before my eyes．A. liberallyB. wisely C．actually D．theoretically22. The rights that the citizens of those countries enjoy can all be incorporated in the laws of those individual countries．A．embodied B．excluded C．immersed D．interpreted 23．These are the men and women who run the house and tend to the special needs of its residents．A．take to B．amount to C．attend to D．object to 24．These women hoped that the cease-fire would continue and that the violence would end once and for all．A. quickly B．conclusively C．universallyD．temporarily25. There is some excitement on the horizon, but I can’t tell you about it．A. in the distance B．soon to happen C．without a question D．at first sight26. Low interest rates created easy credit conditions, fueling a housing construction boom and encouraging consumption．A. contaminating B．extinguishing C．stimulating D．transporting 27．War involves inflicting the greatest amount of damage in the briefest space of time．A. imposing B．avoiding C．compensating D．fabricating28. Inflation can destroy the fabric of society by adversely affecting fixed income groups．A. stabilityB. perplexity C．evolution D．structure29. The participants of the meeting were astonished by the discrepancy between the mayor’s words and his actionsA．difference B．correlation C．conformity D．separation 30．The English writing of college students in China is generally redundant for lack of specific words．A．ambiguous B．wordy C．unconvincing D．stereotypedSection B point each)Directions：There are ten questions in this section．Each question is a sentence with something missing．Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D． Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence．Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet．31． Without mutual trust，the willingness to engage _______ in the learning processis hindered．A．deliberately B．collaboratively C．destructively D．individually32． Humans have to settle the problems with food, clothes and _______ before they call survive．A．cabin B．mansion C．shed D．shelter33． How did it ________ that in English the correlation between spelling and pronunciation is not very close?A．come about B．come on C．come to D．come by34．While the test-oriented approach to teaching is _________ desirable，it is widely used in China．A．other than B．not only C．nothing but D．far from35．In January 1995，George M . Bush ________ was as the new governor of Texas．A．turned in B．taken in C．sworn in D．put in 36．The latest data showed that global ozone ________ had dropped several percent over the last decade．A．penetrations B．concentrations C．dimensions D．extensions 37．Scientists have been trying to ________ what factors can cause aging．A．find out B．turn out C．set out D．carry out38．Ten years ________ her career as a lawyer, she decided to start her own firmin Chicago．A．within B．during C．into D．amid39．The tower of the World Trade Center ________ after it was hit by the plane．A．dissipated B．paddled C．hedged D．collapsed40．I could speak their language and ________ with their problems because I have been there myself.A．collide B．coincide C．identify D．associatePART Ⅲ CLOZE TEST(10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions：There are 10 questions in this part of the test．Read the passage through．Then , go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A．B．C. orD for each blank in the passage．Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on),our machine-scoring Answer Sheet．Early in January 2020，the temperature in Tanana，Alaska, fell to 55 below zero F．It was so cold that when the airport runway lights stopped working，crews were 41 from going outside to fix them．So it was a real concern when Vicky Aldridge，a nurse practitioner at the village health center, realized that 61-year-old Winkler Bifelt was bleeding 42 and needed medical treatment at Fairbanks Memorial Hospital， 43 150 miles away．The sun was already down when Aldridge made the 44 telephone callto Frontier Flying Service in Fairbanks．“We told them the only way we could fly was if they could find enough vehiclesto 45 the runway with headlights so we could land,” said Bob Hajdukovich，the company’s president．Aldridge’s next calls went to airport and town officials，who， 46 called villagers．Forty five minutes later, enough cars，trucks，minivans and snowmobiles had lined up SO that the runway was 47 .Pilots Nate Thompson and David Fowler landed without 48 , and then tookoff again，with Bifelt．“There is this wonderful caring 49 in the village，”Aldridge said．“If anyone needs anything，all I have to do is call one or two people and everything will get 50 .41．A．objected B．obstructed C．obliged D．observed 42．A．intimately B．integrally．C．intentionally D．internally 43．A．1ess B．some C．but D．even 44．A．eagerness B．pressure C．emergency D．hurry45．A．1ine B．cross C．span D．park46．A．by turns B．in turn C．in order D．in return47．A．1ightened B．illustrated C．cleared D．widened 48．A．reason B．support C．hesitation D．consideration 49．A．status B．occasion C．surrounding D．atmosphere 50．A．into control B．out of danger C．done well with D．taken care ofPART IV READING COMPREHENSION(45 minutes，30 points，1 point each)Directions：In this part of the test, there are five short passages．Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow．Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet．Passage OneNovember 25 is the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women．This day was recognized by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1999 with a view to raising public awareness of violations of the rights of women．Why was this step necessary?In many cultures women are viewed and treated as inferior or as second class citizens． Prejudices against them are deep rooted． Gender based violence in all its forms is all its forms is an ongoing problem，even in the so-called developed world．According to former UN Secretary General Kofi Anna, “violence against women is global in reach, and takes place in all societies and cultures. It affects women no matter what their race, social origin, birth or other status may be.”Radhika Coomaraswamy, UN expert of the Commission on Human Rights on violence against women, says in his report that for the vast majority of women, violenceagainst women is “a taboo issue，invisible in society and a shameful fact of life.”Statistics issued by a victim study institution in Holland indicate that 23 percent of women in one South American country, or about 1 in 4, suffer some form of domestic violence. Likewise, the Council of Europe estimates that 1 in 4 European women suffer domestic violence during their lifetime. According to the British Home Office in England and Wales in one recent year, an average of two women each week were killed by current or former partners. The magazine India Today International reported that “for women across India, fear is a constant companion and rape is the stranger they may have to confront at every corner, on any road，in any public place at any hour.”UN experts described violence against women and girls as “today’s most serious human fights challenge.”51．This passage is intended to _________.A．point out the root of violence against womenB．find solutions 10 violence against womenC．criticize the governments’ inaction about violence against womenD．make people better aware of violence against women52．The word “gender” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _________.A．race B．society C．culture D．sex53．According to former UN Secretary General Kofi Anna，violence against women could be widely found _________.A．in South American countriesB．in rich countriesC．in developing countriesD．across the world54．By “violence against women is a taboo issue”，Radhika Coomaraswamy means that the vast majority of women _________.A．turn a blind eye to the problemB．don’t want to talk about the problemC．turn a deaf ear to the problemD．have been accustomed to the problem55．According to the last paragraph，violence against women is _________.A．more serious in South American countriesB．more serious in European countriesC．equally serious in South American and European countriesD．1ess serious in developed countries56．According to the passage，women in India _________.A．often live in the fear of violence against themB．suffer more serious domestic violenceC．must have their companions everywhereD．are facing most serious human rights challengesPassage TwoWhen you think of monkeys，you probably think of the Tropics．Few species of monkeys venture into temperate lands．Nevertheless，there are one or two notable exceptions．In the high Atlas Mountains of North Africa，where snowfall is common during the winter, small groups of Barbary apes roam through forests of cedar and oak．One isolated group of these monkeys can be found 200 miles to the north，living on the Rock of Gibraltar, at the southern most tip of Europe．How do naturalists explain this mystery? Some believe that the monkeys colonized other areas of Europe in the distant past and that those of Gibraltar are the only surviving group．Others think that Arabic or British colonizers brought them to the Rock．Legend has it that the monkeys crossed the narrow straits dividing Europe from Africa by means of a long—lost underground tunnel．Whatever their origin，they are now the only free range monkeys found in Europe．The Barbary apes are not actually apes．They are tailless monkeys．The Barbary apes inhabit the pine woods that cover the upper part of the Rock．Although they number only a hundred or so, they have become “the peninsula’s most famous residents,” according to the International Primate Protection League．Since seven million tourists visit Gibraltar every year，the mischievous monkeys have an ample food supply．Although they feed on wild plants．they have becomeskilled at begging and occasionally stealing food from visitors．Local authorities also provide the monkeys with fruit and vegetables．Apart from feeding，the monkeys spend 20 percent of their day grooming each other. Both male and female monkeys care for and play with the young ones. They live in close knit groups, where stress sometimes leads to confrontation. While the older monkeys use threats and screams to chase away the younger ones，they also have an unusual tooth—chattering behavior that seems to calm them down．Their arrival on Gibraltar may remain a mystery；still，these sociable monkeys add a special charm to the limestone headland that guards the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea．Gibraltar world not be the same without them.57．The monkeys on the Rock of Gibraltar are special because _________.A．they live in tropic areasB．they inhabit temperate landsC．they live in forestsD．they came from North Africa58．Which of the following is NOT the possible origin of the Gibraltar monkeys?A．They may be the surviving group of European monkeys．．B．They may have been brought to Gibraltar by colonizers．C．They may have come from Africa through the long—lost tunnel．D．They may have swum across the narrow straits from Africa．59．The population of “the peninsula’s most famous residents”_________.A．is growing rapidlyB．outnumbers the local peopleC．is threatened by too many visitorsD．is about five scores60．We can learn from the 5th paragraph that Gibraltar monkeys _________.A．mainly feed on food from visitorsB．often threaten local touristsC．are very naughtyD．are raised by．the local authorities61．The word “grooming” in the 6m paragraph is closest in meaning to _________.A．cleaning B．biting C．fighting D．isolating62．According to the passage, _________.A．Gibraltar would be better without the monkeysB．the monkeys have added beauty to the Rock of GibraltarC·Gibraltar monkeys and those in the high Atlas Mountains are of different speciesD．the older Gibraltar monkeys are very fierce to the younger onesPassage ThreeWhich would You give up：TV, Cell，Or Web? From November 6 to December 3，a 1-question online Poll was placed on high-traffic websites in 15 countries (Australia，Brazil，Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Netherlands, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Spain, United Kingdom, United States). A total of 150 respondents in each country participated in the poll．In this global survey, 11 of 15 countries say they’d turn off the TV before they’d silence their cell phone or log off the Internet. Women，especially, will give up their favorite shows，voting to do so by a greater percentage than men in all but four countries. “I work 50-plus hours a week and more importantly, the programs 1 watch on TV are free on the web.” Paula Kress of Georgia explains why she’d give up on TV.Younger respondents are more likely to take a pass on television，but older folks don’t necessarily stay away from the online experience．In Singapore，not a single person over 45 voted to stop surfing．“I'm not much for sitting in front of the screens，but I need the Interact to keep in touch with friends and family．”Hanna Lama explains why she’d keep the web and ditch TVIn the United States，people voted to give up TV, yet Americans sit in front of the flat screen for an average of four hours，37 minutes a day．But if the decision had been made by respondents over 45，the cell phone would have．gotten the boot instead．In Canada people voted to give up the cell．The cost effect analysis shows thatpeople there pay some of the highest rates for their cell phone plans，which may be why they have the lowest number of cell users among the western countries polled．“I don’t want to be reachable at every moment”is another logical explanation．Why was Brazil the only country to pick the Internet (and by such a huge margin)? Brazil has some of the lowest rates of Internet use worldwide, with just 35 users per l00 people．(The U．S．and U．K．both have 72.) Brazil’s cost to hook up is also high，about $26 a month，compared with $7.4 in Germany．63．What is the most important reason for Paula Kress to give up TV?A．She doesn’t have time to watch TV．B．She doesn’t like sitting in front of screens．C．She can watch TV programs on the web．D．She finds online programs more interesting．64．Survey results in Singapore show that _________.A．women watch TV programs for a longer period of time than menB．men depend as much on cell phones as women doC．younger people use cell phones more than older peopleD．older people enjoy the Internet just like the younger ones65·Which of the following phrases is closest in meaning to“get the boot”(Para．3)?A. be dismissed B．catch on C．be favored D．become dominant66．It is implied that among the Americans polled，there were more _________.A．men B．women C．younger people D．older people 67．How many countries picked the cell phone in the survey?A．2．B．3．C．4．D．5．68．In the last paragraph，the author mainly _________.A．describes the findings in the Brazilian surveyB．discusses the gap between Brazil and the western worldC．presents the reasons behind the Brazilian decisionD．analyzes the development of the Internet in BrazilPassage FourToday, world leaders are discussing climate change and what—if anything—can be done to combat global warming. Extreme weather conditions have brought home the fact that our climate is changing--and changing fast．It may be easy to be fatalistic about it, but the truth is that although we humans have caused the problem, we also have the solution. “Think global and act local,”said Friends of the Earth founder David Bower. In many small but important ways we can make a difference. Here are my top tips for how to begin：Count your food miles. What you eat and where you buy it affects global emissions. Pollution from transport is the fastest growing source of carbon dioxide emissions, so it is madness to fly out-of-season vegetables across the world to supermarkets．We should lobby supermarkets for a system of classifying food according to the distance travelled：0 for local food， l for British，2 for Europe，and 3 for intercontinental．Turn off anything that winks at you. A video recorder on standby uses almost as much electricity as one playing a tape．Turning down the thermostat by one degree．not leaving TV and music centre on standby，turning off lights，putting lids on cooking pots，and only half-filling kettles can cut energy consumption by 30％，saving your money as well as saving the planet．Just stop using petrol. Yes you can，and the car industry may (eventually) help you. Hydrogen-powered cars are loved by car designers and could become a reality in about 1 0 years. Meanwhile, consider convening to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)．You won’t be alone：a new pump for this is opening every day. Meanwhile，you can cut down on conventional petrol use just by changing driving habits—no rapid acceleration，lower speeds，keeping tires at the right pressure·Well，you can always walk. Or cycle. The majority of car journeys are less than five miles and．Honestly, once you’ve stepped out，you’ll find it’s really not that bad．The only energy used is your own and that’s healthy. You only have to look at the collective strength of the people’s fuel lobby to know this makes sense．These changes will save you money which you should invest in an ethical savingaccount. They are profitable and they put the pressure on business to clean up its act．69．In the first paragraph, the author tries to emphasize _________.A．his concern over climate changeB．his optimism in finding a way outC．the necessity of global actionsD．the difficulty in reaching an agreement70．Which conclusion can be drawn from paragraph 2?A．Centralized distribution of food is highly efficient and cost-effective．B．Organic food from abroad is better than food produced locally．C．Supermarkets do a great job of offering a wide selection of goods．D．It’s better for us consumers to shop in local farmers’ markets．71．In Paragraph 3 the author tries to convey the message that _________.A．small changes in small habits can make big differencesB．it is not easy for us to reduce energy consumption at homeC．the present way of using energy leaves much to be desiredD．we individuals may not help much in fighting global warming72．At present, to replace petrol-driven cars，people may choose cars driven by _________.A．electricity B．LPG C．hydrogen D．biofuel73．For most of the car journeys，walking or cycling _________.A．is a waste of time B．is undesirableC．is a feasible option D．is what people prefer74．The passage is focused on _________.A．the impact of climate change on people’s livesB．the importance of individuals improving the environmentC．the benefits of cutting energy consumptionD．the small ways that can help fight global warmingPassage FiveSome years ago，thumping，jumping noises routinely issued from the apartment upstairs as if baby elephants were competing in the 50-yard dash. I went up one day to politely inquire. “No, nobody’s making noise here”the husband and wife both insisted．It must be coming from elsewhere in the building.”Two children about five years old，each holding soccer balls, stood fight beside their parents. “Could the thumping be your kids running around, perhaps playing soccer?” I asked．“Oh no, we never let the kids play in the house．”For months, the pattern continued: the thumping and jumping above, our delicate check-in, the denial. It got so that every time I saw the couple, I glared without a word of greeting. When they moved out of the building, the thumping stopped.I suppose I could have forgiven my neighbors and spared them the glare. After a11, forgiveness is in, a trend advocated by best-selling books, foundations and research institutes．The notion has gone well beyond spiritual leaders advising that forgiveness is good for the soul and that hard feelings will turn us bitter and hostile. Now the medical community cites studies showing that forgiveness can prevent heart attacks, lower blood pressure and even ease depression．I may be outnumbered，but I still believe in the healing power of the grudge(不满)．I’ve deployed grudges with an equal-opportunity sense of fairness—against teachers and classmates， bosses and colleagues，family and friends．I’ve chosen to stop speaking to certain people permanently and occasionally even spoken ill of them—but more with disbelief than a sense of revenge．I’m neither proud nor ashamed．But I’ve discovered that nothing feels quite as satisfying as a grudge well nursed．I’m not against forgiveness itself; I have forgiven people for rudeness as well as for deep misunderstandings and have done so without holding on to hard feelings. What I deplore is the propaganda about forgiveness. No longer an option，forgiveness is an official order. Forgiving so democratically cheapens the very act．A long standing grudge suggests that we hold certain standards, that we respect ourselves enough to reject bad behavior. Failure to forgive can be just as righteous, just as honorable as forgiveness itself.75．The author would probably describe the neighbors as __________.A．careless B．dishonest C．ignorant D．immodest76．Paragraph 3 is focused on __________.A．how forgiveness is good for US spiritually and physicallyB．how forgiveness has become a fashionable conceptC．what has changed people’s understanding of forgivenessD．what is the true meaning and virtue of forgiveness77. By “I may be outnumbered”(Para．4)，the author means that most people in her situation would probably _________.A．tell people how bad the neighbors areB．refuse to speak to the neighborsC．try to practice forgiveness to the neighborsD．ask the neighbors for an explanation78．The author seems ________ what she always does with grudges．A．ashamed of B．proud of C．satisfied with D．disappointed with 79．It can be 1earned that the author _________.A．has great difficulty forgiving peopleB．regrets failing to practice forgivenessC．wants to learn how to forgive peopleD．opposes “forgiveness without principle”80．The best title for the passage is __________.A．To Forgive is GodB．The Right Not to ForgiveC．Forgiveness in，Grudge outD．The Power of ForgivenessPAPER TWO译写答题注意事项一、小试卷(PaperTwo)答案一一概写在答题纸Ⅱ(Answer Sheet Ⅱ)一，草稿纸上的答题内容一概不予计分。

中科大英语期中考试试卷

一、听力部分（20分）1. 请听对话，回答问题。

（10分）A. What does the man want to do?B. Why does the woman refuse the man?C. How does the woman feel about the movie?2. 请听短文，回答问题。

（10分）A. What is the main idea of the passage?B. Why does the author want to travel?C. What is the author's favorite travel destination?二、单项选择题（30分）1. The weather is very cold. Please ________ your coat.A. put onB. put outC. put away2. She is ________ to come to the party.A. too busyB. too happyC. too tired3. I ________ my keys. Can you help me find them?A. loseB. lostC. have lost4. He ________ his birthday party at home.A. holdsB. holdC. held5. She ________ a lot of money to study abroad.A. has savedB. had savedC. have saved三、完形填空（20分）In order to improve our English, we need to practice speaking and writing. Here are some suggestions:1. ___________ every day. You can talk with your friends, watch English movies or listen to English songs.2. ___________ English newspapers and magazines. They can help you learn new vocabulary and grammar.3. ___________ an English diary. It can help you practice your writing skills and express your thoughts.4. ___________ an English club or join an English conversation group. You can practice speaking with other students.5. ___________ your mistakes. Don't be afraid to make mistakes. They are part of the learning process.Choose the best answer for each blank:A. SpeakB. ReadC. WriteD. Learn四、阅读理解（30分）1. 阅读下列短文，回答问题。

英语一考研阅读真题

英语一考研阅读真题The Impact of Technology on Education: A Comprehensive AnalysisIn the contemporary era, the landscape of education has been significantly transformed by the advent of technology. This essay aims to delve into the multifaceted impact of technological advancements on the educational sector, exploring both the opportunities and challenges that arise from integrating technology into teaching and learning processes.IntroductionThe integration of technology into education is not a new phenomenon; however, its rapid advancement in recent years has brought about a paradigm shift in how knowledge is disseminated and acquired. The introduction of digital tools, online learning platforms, and virtual classrooms has revolutionized the way educators teach and students learn.The Advantages of Technology in Education1. Accessibility and Convenience: Technology has made education more accessible to a broader audience. Online courses and resources allow students to learn at their own pace and from any location, breaking the geographical constraints of traditional learning.2. Personalization: Adaptive learning technologies enable personalized learning experiences, catering to individual student needs and learning styles, which can lead to improved engagement and outcomes.3. Enhanced Collaboration: Digital platforms facilitate collaboration among students and educators, both within and across geographical boundaries, fostering a more inclusive and interactive learning environment.4. Resourcefulness: The internet is a vast repository of information, providing students with immediate access to a wealth of knowledge and resources that can enrich their learning experience.The Challenges of Technology in Education1. Digital Divide: Despite the benefits, there is a significant digital divide, where not all students have equal access to technology, leading to disparities in educational opportunities.2. Screen Time Concerns: Prolonged exposure to screens can have adverse effects on students' physical and mental health, necessitating a balanced approach to technology use.3. Information Overload: The abundance of information available online can be overwhelming, making it challenging for students to discern reliable sources and focus on relevant content.4. Privacy and Security: The use of digital platforms raises concerns about data privacy and security, as sensitive student information is at risk of being compromised.The Role of Educators in a Technological AgeEducators play a pivotal role in navigating the complexities of technology in education. They must be adept at leveraging technology to enhance learning while also addressing the potential pitfalls.1. Facilitating Digital Literacy: Educators should equip students with the skills necessary to navigate the digital world safely and effectively.2. Balancing Technology Use: A judicious balance between technology-assisted and traditional teaching methods is essential to ensure a holistic learning experience.3. Continuous Professional Development: Educators must engage in ongoing professional development to stay abreast of technological advancements and their applications in education.The Future of Education with TechnologyAs technology continues to evolve, its integration into education will likely become even more pervasive. The future may hold advancements such as artificial intelligence (AI) teaching assistants, virtual reality (VR) classrooms, andmore sophisticated personalized learning systems.ConclusionThe impact of technology on education is profound and multifaceted. While it presents numerous opportunities for enhancing the learning experience, it also poses challenges that must be carefully managed. As we move forward, it is imperative that educators, policymakers, and technologists work collaboratively to harness the power of technology for the benefit of all learners, ensuring that education remains inclusive, effective, and adaptable to the changing times.References- Pew Research Center. (2020). The State of Remote Learning in America.- UNESCO. (2019). Guidelines for Open Educational Resources (OER) in Higher Education.Note: This essay is a fictional piece crafted to meet the specified requirements and does not reference actual sources or data. It is intended to provide a comprehensive analysis of the topic within the given word count and stylistic guidelines.。

四级上册英语期中考试卷

一、听力理解（20分）Part A：短篇新闻（每题1分，共5题）1. What is the main topic of the news report about the new vaccine?2. Why did the government decide to ban the sale of electronic cigarettes?3. What recent discovery has scientists excited about the potential of plant-based fuels?4. How is the ancient city of Palmyra being restored after the damage caused by ISIS?5. What measures are being taken to protect endangered species in the Amazon rainforest?Part B：长对话（每题2分，共5题）6. What is the main topic of the conversation between the student and the teacher?7. What advice does the teacher give to the student about improving his academic performance?8. Why is the woman worried about her son's health?9. What are the two speakers discussing in the conversation about environmental issues?10. What is the main reason the man decided to change his job?Part C：短文理解（每题2分，共10题）11. What is the main idea of the first passage?12. Why does the author think online learning is beneficial for students?13. How does the author describe the impact of technology on communication?14. What is the main argument of the second passage?15. How does the author define cultural identity?16. What is the main concern expressed by the author in the third passage?17. How does the author suggest solving the problem of air pollution?18. What is the main theme of the fourth passage?19. How does the author define happiness in the fifth passage?20. What is the main purpose of the sixth passage?二、阅读理解（30分）Section A：仔细阅读（每题2分，共10题）21. What is the main idea of the passage?22. Why does the author mention the example of the Great Wall?23. What does the author imply about the importance of teamwork?24. What is the main advantage of the new technology?25. How does the author describe the effects of social media on society?26. What is the main argument of the passage?27. Why does the author think that exercise is important for mental health?28. What is the main idea of the passage?29. How does the author define success?30. What is the main theme of the passage?Section B：快速阅读（每题2分，共10题）31. What is the main topic of the article?32. Why is the author interested in the topic?33. What are the main points discussed in the article?34. What is the main purpose of the article?35. What is the main idea of the article?36. What is the author's opinion about the issue?37. What are the main points of the article?38. What is the main purpose of the article?39. What is the main idea of the article?40. What is the author's conclusion about the topic?三、完形填空（20分）41. It is widely believed that the Internet has brought aboutsignificant changes in our lives.42. Many people enjoy the convenience of online shopping.43. However, there are also some negative aspects of the Internet.44. One of the biggest concerns is the spread of false information.45. Another issue is the loss of privacy.46. To address these problems, we need to be more cautious when using the Internet.47. It is important to verify the information we receive.48. We should also be aware of the risks of sharing personal information online.49. In conclusion, the Internet has both positive and negative effects on our lives.50. It is up to us to make the most of its benefits while minimizing the risks.四、翻译（30分）51. 随着科技的发展，智能手机已经成为了人们生活中不可或缺的一部分。

2020年中国科学院兰州分院中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案解析

2020年中国科学院兰州分院中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABrooklyn Children's MuseumFounded in 1899 as the country's first museum specifically made for children, today BCM is comprehensive, with a permanent collection of 30,000 objects, including musical instruments, masks and dolls. Kids love the interactive World Brooklyn, a small cityscape（城市风光）lined by stores where children can pretend to be working grown-ups.Children's Museum of ManhattanLooking for interactive art that welcomes curious minds? Then head to Inside Art, the current show up at CMOM, which lets your little ones climb in and over and all around the exhibits. It's ideas like this that make the 40,000-square-foot so special. Learning about culture, history and science is a pride for kids aged six and under. CMOM also hosts classes—like Gross Biology for kids who are interested in insects-all designed with the latest child-development research in mind.DiMenna Children's History MuseumThe hands-on displays at this kid-focused arm of the New York Historical Society transport children back through 350 years of US history, with a special focus on NYC. Children are encouraged to climb around and interact with exhibits that highlight the lives of kids who grew up to become famous doctors, athletes and political figures! Little New Yorkers can get in on sing-alongs and crafts. Other family programs include cookings classes, games and story hours.Staten Island Children's MuseumStaten Island Children's Museum nurtures（培养）creativity. It offers hands-on experiences like the Block Harbor（plenty of blocks to play with!）, larger-than-life games like Connect Four and Dominoes, and even the opportunity to climb through a human-sized anthill or play firefighter at Ladder 11, so you'll find immersive（沉浸式的）fun around every corner. Don't forget to stop by Green Living Room powered by the wind energy where the kids can learn about ways to reduce our carbon footprint.1. Which museum provides biology classes for kids?A. Brooklyn Children's Museum.B. Staten Island Children's Museum.C. Children's Museum of Manhattan.D. DiMenna Children's History Museum.2. What can kids do in DiMenna Children's History Museum?A. Play interesting games with great firefighters.B. Know about famous people's childhood lives.C. Run stores like adults in different small streets.D. Cook delicious local food with foreign athletes.3. Where can kids learn how to protect the environment?A. At Ladder 11.B. At the Block Harbor.C In Green Living Room. D. On a human-sized anthill.BIf you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look delighted or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new studyResearchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes.""With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions," Muller toldLive Science.At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them." Muller said.4. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.A. distinguish shapesB. make sense of human facesC. feel happy or angryD. communicate with each other5. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.C. Pictures used in the two stages were differentD. The dogs were photographed before the lest.6. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. A suggestion for future studies.B. A possible reason for the study findings.C. A major limitation of the studyD. An explanation of the research method.7. In which section is the text most likely to be found in a newspaper ?A. EntertainmentB. EconomyC. ScienceD. NatureCWhile the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students inAuckland,New Zealand. They became the world’s first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher.Before you start imagining a human-like robot walking around the classroom, Will is just an avatar that appears on the student’s desktop, or smartphone screen, when ordered to come.The autonomous animation platform has been modeled after the human brain and nervous system, allowing it to show human-like behavior. The digital teacher is assigned to teach Vector’s “Be sustainable with energy”— a free program forAucklandelementary schools.Just like the humans it replaced, Will is able to instantly react to the students’ responses to the topic. Thanks to a webcam and microphone, the avatar not only responds to questions the kids may have, but also picks up non-verbal cues. For instance, if a student smiles at Will, he responds by smiling back. This two-way interaction not only helps attract the students’ attention, but also allows the program’s developers to monitor their engagement, and make changes if needed.Nikhil Ravishankar believes that Will-like avatars could be a novel way to catch the attention of the next generation. He says, “I have a lot of hope in this technology as a means to deliver cost-effective, rich, educationalexperience in the future.”The program, in place since August 2018, has been a great success thus far. Ravishankar says, “ What was fascinating to me was the reaction of the children to Will. The way they look at the world is so creative and different, and Will really captured their attention.” However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon.8. What was special for some elementary school students inAuckland?A. A digital teacher taught them.B. They first saw something digital.C. This was the start of a new school year.D. They could get close to smartphone screen.9. What is the benefit of this two-way interaction?A. It can smile back.B. It can use microphone.C. It can talk any topic for free.D. It can change if necessary.10. What’s Ravishankar’s attitude to Will’s replacing Human educators soon?A. Optimistic.B. Doubtful.C. Unclear.D. Disapproving.11. What might be the best title for the passage?A. New High-tech Contributes to EducationB. The World’s First Digital Teacher Appears in Classroom.C. The World’s First Digital Teacher, a Help to StudentsD.New ZealandWill Replace Teachers in ClassroomsDAs an eco-minimalist, Su Yige has maintained an environmentally friendly and sustainable lifestyle for the past three years while studying in Canada. She takes her own bag when she goes grocery shopping and uses second-hand items as often as possible. She avoids almost all paper-related products unless she has to use a public toilet while away from home.Diligence and thrift are time-honored traditional Chinese virtues. Su's family is a good example of this, according to the native of Weihai, Shandong province. Although they have little formal “green” knowledge, her parents lead a very environmentally friendly life.For example, the family has used the same hair dryer for more than a decade, and Su remembers many ofher mother's clothes from as far back as kindergarten. “As long as something can still be used, my mother will not replace it with a new item,” she said.“I frequently asked my father to bring the plastic bag back home after dumping our waste in the trash bin. He was unhappy, and argued that instead of making that request, I should go downstairs to dump the waste myself” she said. In another move, her father criticized her for doing too much shopping online. Eventually, they both made steps toward becoming better environmentalists. Her father brings the bag back for reuse and she has only bought two pieces of clothing online in the past six months.Back in Canada, Su is looking forward to finding a job related to sustainable development in China after she graduates as a computer science major in the summer.12. Which of the following best describes Su Yige?A. Conservative.B. Nostalgic.C. Economical.D. Productive.13. What can be found about Su's mother according to the third paragraph?A. She has a lot of formal green knowledge.B. She regards using the same items as a lifestyle.C. She always wears old clothes due to lack of money.D. She will not replace the old items until they are out of style.14. What can be inferred about Su and her father?A. Both of them like to criticize each other.B. Su's father is particular about her clothes.C. The relationship between them is very tense.D. They urge each other to become more environmentally friendly.15. What can we learn about the author soon after she graduates in Canada?A. She will stay there to look for a job.B. She will put effort into computer science.C. She will devote herself to her motherland's future.D. She will come back to China to stay with her parents.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020年中国科学院兰州分院中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案解析

2020年中国科学院兰州分院中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhen the weather is bad or when the flu breaks out, we can let the kids do some fun things at home, which can be beneficial to kids.Reading out loudIf your children are young enough, don't forget to read books to them out loud! Few children dislikehaving a good book read to them, and it's great for the development of their brains. However, if your children are a bit older and have moved onto more advanced books, there is always the choice of listening to an audiobook. This can also be done while they're doing something else.Playing board gamesMaybe your children's table is full of board games, which have been forgotten for a long time. It's a good time to bring them out when playing outside is no longer a choice. Surely, playing board games is a great way to connect with children. In addition, many board games are designed to get children thinking!Having a dance partyConsidering that all you need is a speaker or maybe just a phone, you can have a dance party wherever you are! This is a great way to get kids’ bodies moving when they are inside. Play some of your children's favorite music and let them dance to it. Not only is it good exercise, but it will help your children feel time is flying!Doing jigsaw (拼图) puzzlesFor most people that have children, it's common to have at least one jigsaw puzzle at home. Jigsaw puzzles are great because everyone can do them on their own time. Besides, your whole family will have a sense of achievement when everyone is smiling over the finished product.1. What do reading out loud and playing board games have in common?A. They both develop children's team spirit.B. They both improve children's listening ability.C. They both do good to children's thinking ability.D. They both focus on interaction between children.2. Which of the following combines exercise and music?A. Reading out loud.B. Playing board games.C. Doing jigsaw puzzles.D. Having a dance party.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To list four interesting children's parties.B. To recommend four children's favorite books.C. To introduce some activities for children inside.D. To show some funny things for children outside.BLast year, 138,000San Franciscoresidents used Airbnb, a popular app designed to connect home renters and travelers. It’s a striking number for a city with a population of about 850,000, and it was enough for Airbnb to win a major victory in local elections, asSan Franciscovoters struck down a debatable rule that would have placed time restrictions and other regulations on short-term rental services.The company fiercely opposed the measure, Proposition F, with a nearly $10 million advertising campaign. It also contacted its San Franciscan users with messages urging them to vote against Proposition F.Most people think of Airbnb as a kind of couch-surfing app. The service works for one-night stays on road trips and longer stays in cities, and it often has more competitive pricing than hotels. It’s a textbook example of the “sharing economy”, but not everyone is a fan.The app has had unintended consequences inSan Francisco. As the San Francisco Chronicle reported last year, a significant amount of renting on Airbnb is not in line with the company’s image: middle-class families putting up a spare room to help make ends meet. Some users have taken advantage of the service, using it to turn their multiple properties into vacation rentals or even full-time rentals. Backers of Proposition F argued that this trend takes spaces off the conventional, better-regulated housing market and contributes to rising costs.“The fact is, widespread abuse of short-term rentals is taking much needed housing off the market and harming our neighborhoods,” said ShareBetter SF, a group that supported Proposition F. Hotel unions have protested the company’s practices inSan Franciscoand other cities, saying that it creates an illegal hotel system.San Franciscois in the middle of a long-term, deeply rooted housing crisis that has seen the cost of living explode. Actually, explode is a generous term. The average monthly rent for an apartment is around $4, 000. Located on a narrow outcropping of land overlooking the bay,San Franciscosimply doesn’t have enough space to accommodate the massive inflow of young, high-salaried tech employees flocking toSilicon Valley.As the Los Angeles Times reported, someSan Franciscoresidents supported the measure simply because it seemed like a way to check a big corporation. Opponents of Proposition F countered that the housing crisis runs much deeper, and that passing the rule would have discouraged a popular service while doing little to solve the city’s existing problems.4. The intention of Proposition F is to ________.A. place time limits in local election.B. set limits on short-term rental.C. strike down a controversial rule.D. urge users to vote against Airbnb.5. What is the negative consequence of Airbnb onSan Francisco?A. It shrinks the living space of middle-class families.B. Users are taken advantage of by the service financially.C. It makes the house market more competitive.D. It indirectly leads to high house rental price.6. The housing crisis inSan Franciscoresults from ________.A. explosion of the living costB. its geographic characteristicsC. generosity of local enterprisesD. inflow of migrant population7. Theauthor’s attitude toward Proposition F is ________.A. objectiveB. supportiveC. negativeD. indifferentCThe world's largest iceberg is floating toward South Georgia in the southernAtlantic Ocean. Scientists fear the iceberg could crash into the island and block major feeding areas for a large population of penguins and seals. If the iceberg hits the island, it could prevent the penguins and seals from reaching food supplies.The huge iceberg is named A68a. It broke away fromAntarctica's Larsen C Ice Shelf in 2017. Satellite images show the iceberg has remained in one piece. It is estimated to be about 150 kilometers long and 48 kilometers wide. It is traveling at one kilometer per hour and is on a path to hitSouth Georgiain around 30 days.This is the time of year when seals and penguins spend a lot of time caring for their young. The distance that parents have to travel to find food is crucial. That means they have to go a lot further or go around the iceberg to find sources of food.Ecologists say an iceberg crash would also disturb materials settled on the seabed, possibly polluting the surrounding seas. As the iceberg melts, it would also release large amounts of fresh water into the ocean. Thiscould affect krill（磷虾）populations that are a major source of food for the island's wildlife. The iceberg could remain for up to 10 years and change the area's whole ecosystem. These are globally significant populations of these species. If these species fail in this particular area, then the numbers globally are going to go down quite dramatically.Professor Geraint Tarling, an ecologist at the British Antarctic Survey, said, "The breaking off of icebergs fromAntarcticais a natural process. But the process is changing with climate change. What we're seeing with models and some observations now is that this is happening at an increasing rate. And so, this might become more of a usual thing in the future."8. Why are the scientists worried about the coming iceberg crash?A. It will bring extremely cold weather.B. It will destroy the feeding areas of the animals.C. It will put wildlife on the island at risk of starving.D. It will prevent animals from moving to other places.9. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The characteristic of the iceberg.B. The importance of the iceberg.C. The traveling speed of the iceberg.D. The forming process of the iceberg.10. What damage can an iceberg crash bring according to paragraph 4?A. Using up much fresh water.B. Polluting the surrounding farms.C. Changing the world's ecosystem.D. Affecting the number of certain species.11. How does Tarling think of the breaking off of icebergs fromAntarctica?A. It may slow down in the near future.B. It may become common in the future.C. It has a great influence on the climate.D. It helps scientists conduct a sea study.DTrue friend from a distant landInternational friends can come in many shapes and sizes. However they arrive on the scene, they are always appreciated, especially in times ofturbulence. Michael Lindsay (1909 — 94) is a case in point.After graduating from the University of Oxford in 1931, Lindsay arrived in China in 1937 on a ship from Canada intending merely to teach economics at Beiping Yenching University, the current Peking University. He traveled with Norman Bethune the Canadian doctor who dedicated his life to medicine in China during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931 — 45).Lindsay left Beijing at the end of 1941, and went to the Communist-led Jinchaji base(晋察冀边区)together with his wife Li Xiaoli, who was a Shanxi local and a former student of his.“Lindsay was inspired by the hard work local Chinesepeople made in fighting against Japanese aggression. After learning that Chinese armies on the frontlines were suffering supply shortages, Lindsay was determined to lend a hand," says Yan Juhai, a retired official from Shanxi's Lyuliang city. "In the Jinchaji base, NieRongzhen( 1899 — 1992), the base's top commander, appointed him to work as the communications expert, where he became a full-time radio technician contributing greatly in communication technology innovation and training," says Yan.In 1944 Lindsay and his wife arrived in Yan'an in Shaanxi province and helped fix its telecommunication equipment. They stayed for 18 months in Yan'an, and after the victory in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, they decided to return to the United Kingdom to visit their parents.12. Which word in the following can best replace the underlined word?A. peaceB. warC. stressD. sorrow13. Why did Lindsay go to the Communist-led Jinchaji base according to Yan Juhai?A. Because his wife was a Shanxi local.B. Because he was warmly invited by NieRongzhen.C. Because he was touched by Chinese people's effortsD. Because he was more interested in communications.14. What can we learn from the article?A. Lindsay and his wife stayed in China for over 8 years.B. Lindsay's wife was also skilled in communication technology.C. Lindsay was appointed as the communications consultant in Shanxi province.D. Lindsay taught economics in the Jinchaji base besides his work as a radio expert.15. Where is the text probably from?A. a guidebookB. a novelC. a diaryD. a newspaper第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年中国科学院兰州分院中学高三英语上学期期中试题及答案

2019-2020学年中国科学院兰州分院中学高三英语上学期期中试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项APeople in the Middle Ages did eat with their hands. Personal utensils (餐具) were mostly unheard of, especially forks. There were spoons to help serve, but only special guests would receive a knife from the host. Everyone else would be expected to bring their own. Of course, eating with one's hands can be quite a sticky situation, so towels were provided to help diners stay at least somewhat clean as they ate.Still, dining was often a messy affair. At special occasions in the wealthiest households, women tended to dine alone, separate from the men. Women were expected to uphold a quality of grace. Eating greasy meat by hand would certainly not help! Once the men and women had finished their meals, they would come together to socialize.Dietary scholars of the Middle Ages believed that the foods in a meal needed to be served and eaten in order of heaviness. The lightest and most easily digested foods, such as fruits and cheeses, were eaten first to help the digestive (消化) system get started. Once digestion was underway, greens and light meats, such as lettuce, cabbage and chicken, could be eaten. Last came the heavier vegetables and meats, such as carrots, beans, beef, pork, and mutton. This method was considered the most healthful way to eat.The main and largest meal of the day was supper, and it was eaten at midday. Dinner was a light meal, and many of those in nobility (贵族) -the highest levels of the Middle Ages society-skipped breakfast altogether. Breakfast was considered unnecessary for those who did not perform physical work. Snacks and any other eating during the day were viewed the same way. Commoners, or the working class, were allowed to eat breakfast and small meals throughout the day.1. What did people in the Middle Ages usually do at the dinner table?A. They cleaned hands before meals.B. They used personal utensils.C. They had to use knives at dinner.D. They ate mostly with hands.2. What is the third paragraph mainly about?A. The order of eating foods.B. The weight of various foods.C. The principles of digesting foods.D. The list of healthy foods.3. Why did the nobility avoid eating breakfast?A. Breakfast was wasted for the nobility.B. Breakfast was viewed as unnecessary.C. Breakfast was considered as a light meal.D. Breakfast was saved for commoners.BBabies who frequently communicate with their caregivers using eye contact and vocalisations(发声)at the age of one are more likely to develop greater languages skills by the time they reachtwo,according to new research.In the study, researchers looked at 11-and 12-month-od babies' vocalisations. gestures and gaze behaviours ,and at how their caregivers responded to them.To measure he interactions ,the researchers videoed infants(婴儿)and caregiver at home,and asked them to play as usual.They took those recordings back to the universityThe scientists then used statistical models to find that the best predictor of vocabulary at 24 months was when infants were seen to use vocalsatioms while looking at their caregiver's face when they were about a year old.The benefits were even greater when these interactions were followed by responses from the caregiver.The statistics showed that at 19 months,children had an average of about 100 words.Those who exhibited the beneficial interactive behaviour earlier in life were seen to have an average of about 30 extra words."The message of this paper is thatitis the result of a joint effort; noticing what your child is attending to and talking to them about it will support their language development." said McGillion, a co-author of the work."The joy of this message is that that can happen in any context... across any part of your day.It's not something that requires special equipment or even lots of time.I can happen when you're doing the laundry,for example—when you're taking out the socks, you can talk about socks...in the park, in the car, at mealtimes,at bathtimes.This finding can be used in any context,"added McGillion."This is a developmental snapshot in the first year of life, but children are constantly growing and changing and so are their behaviours. It would be interesting to look at these sorts of behaviours again as children progressthrough the second year of life to see what's happening there,"said Donnellan,the lead author on the study.4. How did the researchers get the findings?A. By interacting with babies.B. By asking babies to vocalize.C. By analyzing relevant recordings.D. By referring to the previous statistics.5. What does he underlined word "it"in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Infants' eye contact.B. Infants' larger vocabulary.C. The response from caregivers.D. The best predictor of vocabulary.6. What did McGilion say about infants' interactive behaviour?A. I's easy to perform.B. It's complex to understand.C. It's difficult to copy.D. It's interesting to video.7. What might further studies be on?A. Children's academic progress.B. Children's growing environment.C. Children's potential physical development.D. Children's behaviours across more age ranges.CWhat will future schools look like in 100 years? Imagine future schools in which students are totally engaged in a class. They are concentrating on working together to solve real-world problems. They are self-driven and are coming up withamazing ideas on the spot. They are concerned with each other’s well-being as part of a team. Their concerns reach far beyond the classroom to others all over the globe.The school of the future will be an amazing melting pot of different peoples coming together to solve real-world problems.Will they even be called “schools” in the future?The teacher-student relationship is changing. Teachers are acting more as helpers rather than keepers of allknowledge. Students are driving their own education to the path that they feel best fits them. In the future, employers may not be as concerned with a diploma. They’ll look more at cases and examples of how students contribute to solving real-world problems. They’ll want to know how well they work in a team.What will problem-solving look like in the future?Information from the Internet is accessible everywhere and at unimaginable speeds. Kids are connected to news around the world in real time. Imagine someone could put out a request to the global community to help solve an issue in their own community! Classes can adopt an issue and work with other classes around the world in real time to create solutions.What will information look like in the future?It’s already everywhere. Users can get flooded by the constant flow of information. The need to understand what is true and what is not is important. The flipped classroom (翻转课堂) has already completely changed lecture-based lessons. It presents interesting content to students before they even come to class. They can access the Internet as many times as they want to review the lessons.8. What is the key message of the first paragraph?A. The things students will do in the future school.B. The situation where students will be in the future.C. The attention students will pay to in the classroom.D. The methods students will use to study in the classroom.9. What will be thought highly of when students solve real-world problems?A. Respect.B. Patience.C. Teamwork.D. Concern.10. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph?A. Teachers encourage students to develop leadership.B Students are really relaxed with their heavy study.C. The employers value students’ diplomas most.D. Students have the right to choose the most suitable lessons.11. What’s the purpose of the flipped classroom?A. To help students to improve the problem-solving ability.B. To provide the lessons for students to study before or after class.C. To help students to keep in contact with the outside world.D. To help students to understand the most difficult content.DChimps use loud calls and gestures to make their feelings known but until now, the exact meaning for individual movements has remained a mystery. Now researchers believe they have translated the key gestures used in the chimp community and identified their intentions for the first time.From 4,351 gestures, experts were able to identify 66 that are used for 19 specific message meanings, including showing a foot to tell a child they can climb on their back. The researchers were able to narrow down these 66 gestures to 36 that are used intentionally to achieve 15 purposes. The translations were made by Dr Catherine Hobaiter and her colleagues at St Andrews University in Scotland.Dr Hobaiter used behavior sampling and filmed all recorded cases of gestural communication. Other gestures include stomping their feet to ask another chimp to stop what they are doing, and slapping objects together to ask another to follow them. Of the 19 meanings,17 encouraged interactions to start, or to develop, such as “move closer,” and “change play”. Some of the gestures were found to have more than one meaning. and only 10 of the 66 gestures were used for only a single meaning.Researchers collected a total of 471 video clips from two social groups of chimps at a shelter near Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. As well as identifying what the gesture means, they also discovered the technique needed to increase the chances of success.“Human children use gestures to communicate before they produce their first words, and their earliest gestures typically appear around 10 months of age,” explained the researchers. “In great apes, there is good evidence that language-trained individuals are capable of acquiring and understanding signals, but this is far less clear in their natural communication. ”12. Chimps slap the objects to____________.A. tell others to stop what they are doingB. ask others chimps to join themC. gather other chimps to move closerD. encourage interactions to start13. What did researchers find after studying 471 video clips?A. Chimps trained in language are good at understanding signals.B. Two social groups of chimps live at a shelter near Kinshasa.C. Language-trained individuals do well in natural communication.D. Chimps’earliest gestures appear around 10 months of age.14. How is the last paragraph developed?A. By analyzing causes.B. By examining differences.C By making comparisons. D. By following time order.15. What can be a suitable title for the text?A A New Research on Chimps B. Human Children and ChimpsC. Getting the Chimps Trained for LanguageD. Translating the Sign Language of Chimps第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届中国科学院兰州分院中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及参考答案

2020届中国科学院兰州分院中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWashingtonD.C.SightseeingWith the information below, you’re not missing anything in D.C.! Click Here to find the perfect hotel for your stay as well.TheOldTownTrolley TourIt offers something for the whole family. Not only will it give them something fun to do, but it will give them a history lesson. This tour will last about three hours and it’s proper for people of all ages.African American History TourBe sure to take this tour because African Americans have had an important role in the making of our country. Take this historical four-hour tour, where you will visit some important sites includingMuseumofAfrican American Historyand Culture.Comedy WalksWashingtonD.C.This is a great experience allowing you to enjoy the capital in a new way. The walking tour lasts for about one hour and thirty minutes, which takes place in less than a mile journey from the starting place.D.C. Twilight TourCheck out the D.C. Twilight Tour for a unique view of some of the most famous sites! What makes this two-hour guided tour truly unique is that you can view many wonderful sites at night time!1. Which tour is recommended to a tourist who is fond of hiking?A. TheOldTownTrolley TourB. African American History TourC. Comedy WalksWashingtonD.C. D. D.C. Twilight Tour2. Which tour lasts longest?A. TheOldTownTrolley TourB. African American History TourC. Comedy WalksWashingtonD.C. D. D.C. Twilight Tour3. Where will you read this text most likely?A. In a guidebook.B. In a magazine.C. In a newspaper.D. On the Internet.BWhen you think of the icy Arctic Ocean, do you picture cold blue waters, on which float (漂浮) icebergs home to animals and fish not seen elsewhere on the planet? Think again, or rather add 300 billion pieces of plastic (塑料) to your picture. That's the amount of plastic that scientists believe is floating around the Arctic Ocean. Most of the plastic is in the area to the east of Greenland and north of Scandinavia.Where did it come from? After all, the lands near the Arctic are not really full of people. It turns out that ocean currents are carrying plastic thrown into the ocean all the way to the Arctic. An ocean current is an unending movement of sea water from one point to another. It is caused by several things including heat from the Sun, wind and movement of the Earth.Many of these plastic pieces seem to have travelled for years before reaching the Arctic. This was worked out by scientists studying the plastic problem after they observed the condition of the pieces. While much plastic floats on top of the water, a lot also may be on the sea floor.Plastic has been widely used for 60 years on Earth and our careless throwing of plastic things is slowly turning the once perfectly clean Arctic into a dangerous place. Unlike food waste and plant waste, plastic doesn't break down so easily. In fact the United States Environment Protection Organization reports that “every bit of plastic ever made still exists”.What's the effect? Seabirds, sea turtles and other ocean creatures could get hurt and die when they accidentallyswallowplastic. Plastic waste affects fishing, affecting people who earn money through fishing. Plastics can let out dangerous poisons (毒物) into the water. These may be swallowed by fish, and when these fish are caught and eaten by people or bigger animals, they could get poisoned too!4. What can we learn from the passage?A. The Arctic Ocean is heavily polluted.B. The plastic is mostlyin the area in the east of Greenland.C. An ocean current is just caused by the movement of the earth.D. Much more plastic floats on top of the water.5. Which of the following doesn't contribute to the plastic ocean?A. Humans throw away plastic things at will.B. Ocean currents carry plastic things everywhere.C. Plastic can let out harmful things into the water.D. Plastic is hard to break down.6. What does the underlined word “swallow” in the last Paragraph mean?A. Break down.B. Take in.C. Accept.D. Touch.7. What's the best title of the text?A. Are Men to Blame for Plastic Ocean?B. Arctic Ocean and Its Future!C. Is Plastic Harmful?D. Arctic Ocean or Plastic Ocean?CThe man who invented the World Wide Web a few decades ago is calling for major changes to make it better for humans. In an open letter published on Tuesday, Berners-Lee said that the web was used by half the world's population.Berners-Lee said the web had clearly created great opportunities for humans to progress and had made life easier for millions of people. Actually, it also has offered opportunities to groups traditionally not heard a new voice in society. However, he added that the web had also provided new ways for cheats to commit crimes (犯罪).“Against the background of news stories about how the web is misused, it's understandable that many people feel afraid and unsure if the web is really a force for good,” he wrote.Berners-Lee created a group called the World Wide Web Foundation. He islooking for help from governments, companies and people to become more involved in shaping the web to do more good for humans. His actual plan is called the “Contract (合同) for the Web”.Under this contract, governments are called on to take steps to makesure all people can connect to the Internet and that personal privacy is respected. Businesses are asked to keep the Internet prices low so more people can use the web. In addition, companies should respect privacy and develop technologies that aim to put people first.The plan also calls on people to create materials for the web and work with others to make sure that is rich, quality information for everyone. Besides, people should seek to “build strong communities that respect personal speech and human equality.” “The path to make the Internet better is the responsibility of everyone who uses it,” Bermers-Lee added, “Making big changes will not be easy, but will be very well worth it in the end.”8. What does Berners-Lee think of the World Wide Web?A. It is his greatest regret.B. It stops the progress of humans.C. It needs improving.D. It does more harm than good.9. What's wrong with the web according to Berners-Lee?A. It is misused for bad purposes.B. It is misunderstood by all people.C. It blocks out a new voice in society.D. It is expensive for half the world’s population.10. What are governments called on to do under the “Contract for the Web”?A. Put technology first.B. Create materials for the web.C. Popularize the Internet.D. Make the Internet free of charge.11. What should people do with the Internet in Berners-Lee's opinion?A. Be responsible for it.B. Absolutely reject it.C. Completely rely on it.D. Be unconcerned about it.DThere are similarities and differences between high school life and college life.For one thing, there are several similarities between high school life and collegelife. First, the most important task in high school and college is both studying. Studying is the most important as a student. Second, we need a goal to fight for in both high school life and college life. To lead a meaningful life, we have to set up a goal to achieve.For another, there are also some differences between high school life and college life. First, our studying is also the biggest difference. In high school, we are required to follow our teachers' steps and finish theirassignmentsevery day. While in college, there are no teachers giving such detailed requirements to us and we can choose study or not according to our own willing. What and how to study totally depends on us. Therefore, the ability of self-control is very important in college life. Second, the flexibility (灵活性) of time is another difference. In high school, we have no much leisure except for our time of study. However, in college, we have much controlled by ourselves except the time of classes. And we have more time to do what we like. Finally, college lifeis much more various and richer. Besides study, we can attend many other activities, which make our college life more wonderful.In brief, there are both similarities and differences between high school life and college life. However, no matter we are in which period, we need to make full use of every day so that we will never feel regretful.12. Why do students need a goal to fight in high school and college?A. To enter a good college.B. To avoid living a meaningless life.C. To develop the ability of control.D. To meet their parents’ satisfaction.13. What does the underlined word “assignments” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Projects.B. Tasks.C. Goals.D. Dreams.14. Which is the correct structure of the passage?A. ①-②③-④B. ①②-③-④C. ①-②③④D.①②-③④15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. College LifeB. High School LifeC. High School and CollegeD. High School Life and College Life第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021年中国科学院兰州分院中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案解析

2021年中国科学院兰州分院中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASongkran, ThailandThis festival marks the Thai New Year, which is celebrated in the second week of April. This is the hottest time of the year in Thailand, so it makes sense that the biggest Songkran tradition is to throw water on people. Thais of all ages join in water fights, using buckets, hoses (软管)and water guns to celebrate the event.Boryeong Mud Festival, South KoreaDon't expect to come home clean after experiencing the Boryeong Mud Festival in South Korea. Famous for its mineral-rich mudflats, visitors rush to Boryeong in July to make themselves in mud, swim in grey pools and enjoy the party. There are even mudslides and a mud skiing competition for those who are seeking the extreme mud adventure!La Tomatina, SpainThe festival dates back to a parade in which some naughty teenagers knocked one performer off his stilts (高跷)and caused a fight of throwing vegetables accidentally. It was once banned until 1957 when the locals held a protest with a funeral. They carried a coffin containing a huge tomato as bands played a funeral march. In the following decades, La Tomatina has become a popular event. If you join the event, be aware that you squash (压扁) the tomato before throwing it. Have a great time but avoid causing any injury.Dia de los Muertos, MexicoBeginning at the midnight of October 31 and lasting through November 2,it is a festival when families gather together to remember those loved ones who have died, aiming to help them on their spiritual journey. On these days, Mexican families prepare special tables in their homes. On top of them they'll put photos of the dead and their favorite food. They also visit the graves of their beloved ones to show their respect to the dead.1.If you want to experience a special new year in a country, you can choose to visit ________.A.ThailandB.South KoreaC.SpainD.Mexico2.What may happen to you as a visitor in La Tomatina?A.You can perform stilts.B.Your can play funeral music in bands.C.You may be covered with mud.D.You may be attacked with tomatoes.3.Which festival is similar to the Tomb Sweeping Festival in China?A.Songkran.B.Boryeong Mud Festival. Tomatina.D.Dia de los Muertos.BJapan is known to have higher than average rates of stomach cancer. Recently, the town of Kaneyama in Yamagata Prefecture decided to get its 6, 000 residents (居民) tested.However, the frozen urine samples (尿样) are not tested in conventional ways. Instead, Professor Masao Miyashita and his team are using them in a trial to determine if specially trained cancer-sniffing dogs can accurately detect the disease. Though the study is still in its early stages, Miyashita is thrilled with the results. He said, “In our research so far, cancer detection dogs have been able to find signs of cancer with an accuracy of nearly 100 percent.”Researchers have known about the animals’ superior sensory skills for decades. However, their ability to detect cancer in humans came to light in 1989, after a dog sniffed out early-stage malignant melanoma (恶性黑色素瘤) on a patient’s leg in London. Since then, scientists from many countries have conducted studies to test dogs’ great skill at identifying cancer chemicals.While most dogs can be trained for the task researchers say the best candidates are dogs that are precise, quiet, and perhaps even a little shy. The training process is similar to how dogs are taught to learn any trick — by rewarding them with treats! However, it takes much longer because the dogs have to learn to separate the “cancer scent (气味)”from the thousands of organic compounds (有机化合物) in the human body. Researchers begin by exposing the dogs to urine samples from people with cancer, people with other diseases, and patients with no health issues, Once the dogs are able to accurately identify cancer, they are further trained to detect particular kinds of cancer.Successful as they may be, experts think dogs are unlikely to replace conventional tests. For one, it takes about seven years and costs as much as $45,000 to train a single dog. Klaus Hackner, a researcher and physician who studies dogs detecting cancer in breath samples at Krems University Hospital in Austria, is also not convinced dogs can be relied upon alone. Patients, therefore, have to receive further tests to confirm if they have the disease.4. What do we know about the cancer-sniffing dogs mentioned in Paragraph 2?A. They have done a great job.B. They are trained in a special way.C. They can easily learn to distinguish cancer.D. They can be seen in many Japanese hospitals.5. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3?A. Offer readers some advice.B. Add some background information.C. Summarize the previous paragraphs.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.6. What kind of dog is suitable for the cancer-sniffing job?A. Smart and brave.B. Active and faithful.C. Strong and patient.D. Careful and peaceful.7. What is Klaus Hackner’s opinion on cancer-sniffing dogs?A. They should work as a team.B. They need to receive more training.C. They can replace doctors in detecting cancer.D. They should be used together with traditional tests.CFor as long as I can remember, my body and I have shared a relationship of discontent. Growing up, I was skinnier than the other kids and at five I was told I wasn't attractive and that I must put on some weight. But no matter how much I ate, I stayed thin for years until adolescence. Then I started putting on weight almost immediately. I remember feeling happy as I began to fill out. However, my joy didn't last long.I was thirteen when I was first called fat. Friends and neighbours would make jokes on my big size. As I entered my late teens, I had completely lost confidence in my body and, subsequently, in myself. Having failed to live up to conventional beauty standards, I was convinced that if I wanted to be loved, I needed to offer more, doing anything to please everyone around.I entered adulthood thinking I wasn't “enough”—an idea that was seeded not only by the fact that “skinny” is celebrated, but also by the language associated with accounts of losing weight—selfimprovement, discipline—all virtues. Being fat quickly categorizes you as lazy and undisciplined. Consumed by thoughts of the way my body looked, I didn't notice the other ways my body needed attention. I failed to realize, for example, that my period was much heavier and more painful than ever before. Actually I developed a rare disease and later I had twosurgeries.I was always made to feel that my weight was the root of a lot of problems in my life; I have learnt this is not true. After a lot of selfreflection and some professional help, I realized I never learnt to like myself. While two decades of selfhatred cannot be undone overnight, I have taken first steps to acceptance.I am now much lighter than before, in body and mind. There are days I find voices on social media saying I am too fat to be loved or to be worthy, but I am learning not to focus on that thought for long. As long as I like myself, just the way I am, opinions at the end of the day are just water off a duck's back.8. What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs?A. She could change her weight at will.B. She had different beauty standards from others.C. She tried to love others to build her confidence.D. She was greatly influenced by others' opinions.9. Why did the author think she wasn't “enough”?A. She was poorly disciplined.B. She failed to celebrate “skinny”．C. She was labelled as lazy for her weight.D. She put on more weight after entering adulthood.10. What caused the author to make a change?A. Her lighter body.B. A troublesome illness.C. Popular beauty standards.D. Others' critical comments.11. What is the best title for the text?A. Beauty matters.B. Opinions vary.C. Worth your weight.D. Beyond your limits.DThe idea of growing food in a desert would make most people laugh but this is quickly becoming a reality. There are currently two desert farms in the world where quality vegetables are being planted cheaply and easily.Sundrop Farms, based in South Australia, uses experimental greenhouses to grow tomatoes, peppers and cucumbers. The biggest challenge of growing food in a desert, obviously, is the lack of available water. The researchers at Sundrop Farms have gotten aroundthis problemby using the sun to desalinate (淡化) sea water. It can also be used to control the temperature of the greenhouses.Without depending on limited resources such as land and fresh water Sundrop Farms has made farming a practice. This can increase the world’s food supplies. Another benefit ofthis kind of farming is that it can be done anywhere, thus reducing the costs of transporting food to distant locations. Yet another benefit is that it reduces the need for pesticides (杀虫剂).Another experimental desert farm is the Sahara Forest Project, which began in Qatar in December 2012. Greenhouses in the farm are cooled by saltwater. Solar power and other technologies are used together to help make vegetation (植被) grow in the desert environment. As deserts have expanded over recent years around the world due to global warming, this project could solve the problem.The result form the Qatar project were better than expected and in June of 2014, Jordan agreed to host another one. This will be much bigger than the Qatar project and the project members will have even more opportunities to test their experiments on a much larger scale. It is not clear yet that desert farming resents the future of farming but these projects have shown some success in the field.12. What does “this problem” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Sea water is bard to purify.B. The desert is short of water.C. The temperature is high in the desert.D. Desert farms aren’t fit to plant vegetables.13. What is one of the characters of desert farming?A. It needs more pesticides.B. It saves delivery costs.C. It has a location limit.D. It solves food waste problems14. What can we know about the Sabara Forest Project?A. It lives up to expectationsB. It can help produce more foodC. It is started to prevent global warmingD. It uses technology to produce saltwater15. What can be inferred about desert farming from the last paragraph?A. It still has problems to solve.B. It represents the future of farming.C. Its early success has aroused interest in it.D. Its aim is to create more job opportunities.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

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4. I’m not an educator. My primary purpose is to entertain – though if people want to read education into my work, that’s fine with me.尽管他的一些作品中体现一些教育意义，但他很快指出“我不是教育家，我的主要目的是娱乐，但如果人们想要从我的工作中受到教育，我也乐于接受”。

Passage 2（共3句）1. Diffusion is the process by which molecules or ions scatter or spread from regions where they are in higher concentrations towards regions where they are in lower concentrations.扩散是分子或离子从高浓度区域分散或散布至低浓度区域的过程。

2. Such motion is haphazard, but it accounts for the mixing of molecules that commonly occurs when different kinds of substances are put together.这种运动是无规则的,但它解释了将不同种类的物质放在一起时，通常会发生分子的混合的原因。

3. Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion. It occurs whenever water molecules diffuse from a region of higher concentration through a selectively permeable membrane, such as a cell membrane.渗透是一种特殊的扩散。

当水分子从高浓度区域通过选择性渗透膜（如细胞膜）扩散时即为渗透。

Passage3（共2句）1. One of the problems of watching weather forecasts on TV is that by the time they have reached your region, you have tuned out and missed the vital information you have been waiting for. But it is not a problem in the United States because they have a weather channel devoted entirely to weather. Set up in 1982, the Weather Channel was given just weeks to survive by its critics, but such is the interest in the vagaries of the climate that it has thrived.收看天气预报的一个问题就是当他们播到你那个区域时你已经换台而错过了你一直在等的重要信息。

但是在美国不存在这样的问题，因为他们有一个专门的天气频道。

天气频道建立于1982年，他的评论家认为它只能存活几周，但是人们对变化莫测的天气如此感兴趣以至于它很盛行。

2. Weather is big business in the United States. The country has 750 weather zones, including eight in the New York metropolitan area alone.在美国天气是一项大事，这个国家有750个天气区域，单纽约这样的大都市就包含8个区域。

Passage 4（共2句）1. The Julian calendar devised by Julius Caesar and based on the phases of the moon, had trouble pinning down that date.儒略历凯撒大帝制定，并根据月相而制定，它很难确定复活节的日期。

2.Aside from setting the first year of the Lord around Jesus’ fourth birthday, it does not had not account for a year 0.The concept of a whole number between minus-one and one had not yet made the journey from the Arab world to Western Europe.除了设置耶稣的第四个生日为第一年，它不包括0年。

一负一和一之间的整数的概念还没有从阿拉伯世界传到西方欧洲。

Passage5（共7句）1. Do you think it is possible to defeat an opponent so fierce that a glance at her turns one to stone ? This was the fate of anyone who looked upon the Medusa , a dreaded monster whose hair was made of hissing serpents.你认为有可能击败一个如此凶猛的对手，即看她一眼就会变成石头吗？这是任何一个看Medusa的人的命运，一个可怕的魔鬼，她的头发是嘶嘶叫的蛇所组成的.2. The brave Perseus undertook to fight the Medusa , but he was compelled to do battle in a most awkward manner .To help Perseus in his venture ,the goddess Minerva had lent him her bright shield ,and the god Mercury had given him winged shoes .勇敢的Perseus着手与Medusa斗争，但他被迫以一个最不方便的方式在战斗中战斗。

为了帮助危险中的Perseus，女神Minerva把她的放光盾借给他，并且Mercury给他了一双有翅膀的鞋子。

3. Cautiously he approached the awesome monster .Using the image of the Medusa in his shield as a guide , he succeeded in cutting off her head and fixing it to the center of Mine rva’s shieldPerseus小心翼翼的靠近了令人恐惧的魔鬼。

在他的盾牌上用Medusa的肖像作为一个向导，他成功的把她的头切下来了，并把它装在Minerva的盾牌的中心。

4. Perseus then flew to the realm of King Atlas whose chief pride was his garden filled with golden fruit . Thirsty and near collapse , he pleaded with the King for water to quench his thirst and for a place to rest .然后，Perseus飞到了Atlas王国的境内，它的首领以他花园中的金色水果为荣。

Perseus口渴并接近虚脱，他恳求国王一些水来止渴和一个休息的地方。

5. But Atlas feared that he would be betrayed into losing his golden apples . He uttered just one word ,“Begone!”Perseus ,finding that he could not pacify Atlas , responded by beckoning him to look upon Medusa’s head .Atlas was changed immediately into stone但是，Atlas害怕他将会泄露出他的金色苹果。