主谓语一致专题.

高考语法专题------主谓一致一.概念:主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。

例如：There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。

例如：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.二.相关知识点精讲1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如：Reading and writing are very important.注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。

例如：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.典型例题The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。

这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。

本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。

后面的职务用and 相连。

这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。

2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

例如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2）当either... or... 与neither... nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。

如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。

例如：Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。

例如：The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。

4. 谓语需用单数的情况1）由and连接做主语的两个单数名词，前面有every,each或no等修饰词修饰。

如：Every student and teacher is requested to attend the meetingEach desk and each chair is made of wood.2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。

例如：The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。

例如：Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.Ten yuan is enough.4) 如 many a 或more than one+单数名词做主语时。

如：Many a student has computers.More than one people agrees with you但是more+复数+than one做主语时，谓语用复数：More people than one have made the suggestion.5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数1）代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。

例如：All is right.All are present.2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。

如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。

例如：His family isn't very large.His family are music lovers.但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。

例如：Are there any police around?3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。

例如：A number of +名词复数+复数动词。

The number of +名词复数+单数动词。

A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况1）用half of, most of, none of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。

例如：Most of his money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.2）用a series of, this kind of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

例如：A series of accidents has been reported.This kind of apples sells well in the market.但是名词复数+of this kind等做主语时，谓语用复数：Apples of this kind sell well in the market.三.巩固练习1. The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _______ absent for different reasons.A. were, wasB. was, wasC. was, wereD. were, were2. E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication.A. is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play3. ______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth, isB. Two fifth, areC. Two fifths, isD. Two fifths, are4. Ten minutes ______ a long time for one who waits.A. seemB. seemsC. seemedD. are seemed5. Eric is the only one of the boys who _____ a driving license.A. hasB. haveC. is havingD. are having'6. Joy and Sorrow _____ next-door neighbors.A. isB. areC. wereD. be7. In my opinion, some of the news _____ unbelievable.A. areB. isC. has beenD. have been8. When ______ the United Nations founded?A. isB. areC. wasD. were9. Every possible means _____ .A. has triedB. has been triedC. was triedD. were tried10. What she says and does _____ nothing to do with me.A. wasB. wereC. hasD. have11. There _____ a dictionary and several books on the desk.A. areB. mustC. have beenD. is12. Nobody ______ seen the film. It's a pity.A. but Tom and Jack haveB. except Tom and Jack haveC. but my friends hasD. but I have13. No teacher and no student ______．A. are admittedB. is admittedC. are admittingD. is admitting14. All but one ______ here just now.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. were15. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.A. is not decidedB. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided16. The writer and singer ______ here.A. isB. areC. wereD. do17. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _____ all that I can spare to talk with you.A. areB. wasC. isD. were18. In those days John with his classmates _____ kept busy preparing for the exam.A. isB. areC. wasD. were19. -- ____ your clothes?--No, mine _____ hanging over there.A. Is it, isB. Are these, areC. Is it, areD. Are these, is20. The Smith's family, which ____ rather a large one, ____ very fond of their old houses.A. were, wereB. was, wasC. were, wasD. was, were21. What the teacher and the students want to say _____ that neither of the countries ____ beautiful.A. are, areB. is, isC. are, isD. is, are22. He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.A. isB. areC. have beenD. has been23. _____ of my brothers are reporters. Covering events, meetings, or sports meetings ______ their duty.A. Each, areB. Both, isC. Neither, areD. None, is24. -- What do you think of the ______ of the coat?-- It's rather high. You can buy a cheaper one in that shop.A. valueB. costC. priceD. use25. -- Are the two answers correct?-- No, ______ correct.A. no one isB. both are notC. neither isD. either is not26. The wind, together with rain and fog, _____ making sailing difficult.A. have beenB. wasC. / D/ are四．强化练习1. Mathematics very important, and we must study hard.A.is; itB.are going to be ,themC.are , itD.is ,/2.The iron and steel industry the key link in socialist production.A. isB.areC.doD.does3. An expert together with some assistants to help in this work.A.were sentB.sentC.was sentD.are sent4.They each a copy of the new dictionary.A.haveB.hasC.hadD.has got5.Each of children a piece of bread in the afternoon.A.getB.getsC.have .gotD.is get6.The girl as well as the boys to drive a car.A.have learnedB.had learnedC.has.learnedD.learn7.The chemical works in 1951.A.was builtB.were builtC.were buildD.was build8.Neither John nor Joan the film.A.have seenB.has seenC.is seenD.have see9.A number of foreign visitors in Beijing.A.have reachedB.has gotC.have arrivedD.has arrived10.The number of books published on the subject simply amazing.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is11. Three thousand miles a long distance.A.isB.areC.beingD.be12.His “Selected Poems” in 1955.A.was first publishedB.were first publishedC.has been first publishedD.had first been published13.The captain with his men saved.A.haveB.hasC.were Dwas14.All but your brother disappeared.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is15.Enough on that subjectA.has been saidB.have saidC.have been saidD.has said16.Nobody but Peter and Jone interested in Spanish.A.seenB.areC.isD.have17.Along the road many high buildings.A.liesB.haveC.hasD.are18.All that I can do study hard.A.are toB.is toC.have toD.has to19.A cart and horse in the distance .A.sawB.seeC.were seenD.was seen20.200 tons of water last month.edB.had been usedC.were usedD.is used21.Who and when to attend the meeting yet.A.are not decidedB.have not decidedC.is not decidedD.has not decided22.Half of the class boys.A.areB.haveC.isD.has23.In the hotel, the bread and butter for breakfast.A. is servedB.are servedC.servesD.serve24.Hours of practice each day made him skillful.A.haveB.isC.areD.has25.The loss of her husband and three of her sons too much for her.A.wereB.wasC.seemD.has26.Near a small field of grass and a beautiful lake.A.hasB.wasC.wereD.have been27.Next to me sat an old lady and a country girl who looking at the foreigners in the car.A. areB.isC.wereD.was28.Not only the students but also the teacher not there.A.areB.isC.doesD.have29.More than 90 percent of the watches on sale by ourselves.A.are made ofB.are made up ofC.is made byD.are made by30.One and a half hours spent in learning.A.haveB.hasC.areD.is31.Every people its own way of life.A. areB.isC.haveD.has32.A long list of names put up on the bulletin board.A.wereB.wasC.hasD.have33.Cattle well in the country market at present, according to evening news.A.sellB.sellsC.is being soldD.will be sold34.Happiness and success on ourselves.A.dependB.dependsC.is dependedD.are depended35.---How is the process?---Two-thirds of the work finished.A.isB.areC.were to beD.was to be36.---Would you like to go to Shanghai?---Yes,in the last ten years, great changes in Shanghai.A.has taken placeB.have happenedC.have taken placeD.have been taken lace37.No teacher and no student from taking part in such a stormy discussion.A.likeB.likesC.are excusedD.is excused38.Every grammar mistake and spelling mistake corrected.A.have to beB.has to beC.have beenD.have39.One third of the teachers present the plan.A.is againstB.againstC.are againstD.againsts40.Plastics many other materials. It is easily shaped or moulded.A.have taken place ofB.has taken the place ofC.have taken place ofD.have taken the place of主谓语一致专题巩固练习1.C2. A3. C4. B5. A6. B7. B8. C9. B 10. C 11. D 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. D 21. B 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. B强化练习1.A2.A3.C4.A5.B6.C7.A8.B9.C 10.D 11.A 12.A13.D 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.D 18.B 19.D 20.C 21.C 22.A 23.A24.D 25.B 26.C 27.C 28.B 29.D 30.D 31.D 32.B 33.A 34.A35.A 36.C 37.D 38.B 39.C 40.B。