英语小白必学之英语写作Sentence专题

of a sentence
Concise Brief and clear Emphatic Key points
Identity
Various
Coherent
Change for variety
Wordy or concise?
清明时节雨纷纷，
❖ 清明时节雨，
❖ 清明时节雨， 纷纷路上行人。
路上行人欲断魂。 行人欲断魂。 欲断魂！
Coordination
The rich man went to church every Sunday. He never donated a cent Subordination for the benefit of his
neighborhood.
Although/,though/,because/Since/ who /that/as
❖This requires not that the writer make all sentences short, or avoid all detail and treat subjects only in outline, but that every word tell.
❖Many expressions in common use violate this principle.
Length
short, long
❖这样，我们保持一个平衡的膳食。（主谓 宾SVO）
❖这种平衡的膳食充满能量和纤维。（主系 表 SVC）
❖只有这样，我们才能保持一个充满能量和 纤维的平衡的膳食。（Only倒装）
❖Only in this way can we keep a balanced diet full of /filled with/with energy and fiber.
because he hadn’t finished his assignment. ❖(?) ❖(?)
❖A parallel sentence ❖A parallel sentence is a sentence which
balances connected parts by using the same form for ideas joined equally. ❖It can be employed by authors to express paired items, to list items in a series, to bring up emphasis, or to make a transition. ❖Read the following examples of parallelism: ❖1. Our locker room is small, chilly, and dirty. ❖ (Parallel adjectives)
❖在那个城镇里，曾经有一位农民。（There be）
❖他通过向餐馆提供生鲜蔬菜和烹饪原料而 谋生。（主谓宾SVO）
❖在那个城镇里，曾经有一位通过向餐馆提 供生鲜蔬菜和烹饪原料而谋生的农民。（ There be +定从）
❖There was a farmer in that town who made a living by providing fresh vegetables and ingredients for local restaurants.
2.How to Be Correct sentences
❖1. Completeness in structure (p44) ❖2. The right subject(p45) ❖3. Agreement between the subject and the
predicate verb (p46) ❖4. Agreement between pronoun and
3. Coordination & subordination
The choice of coordination or subordination is mainly decided by the relationship between the ideas to be expressed.
Definitions
借问酒家何处有？ 酒家何处有？ 借问酒家何处？
牧童遥指杏花村。 遥指杏花村。 有牧童，
遥指杏花村。
Omit needless words
❖Vigorous writing is concise.
❖A sentence should contain no unnecessary words; a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts.
❖Some books are to be tasted;
❖others to be swallowed;
❖some few to be chewed and digested.
❖——Francis Bacon
2.Correct sentences
❖ The requirements of correct sentences:
antecedent(p49) ❖5. Clear pronoun reference (p50) ❖6.Ending sentences with full stops (p52) ❖7. Joining clauses with conjunctions(p53) ❖8. A main clause in a complex sentence(p54) ❖9. Proper use of comparison(p55) ❖10. Correct use of the tenses(p56)
❖ whether (the question ) whether ❖no doubt (doubtless) ❖used for fuel ❖ he ❖ hastily ❖this subject ❖Her story is strange. ❖ because
“The fact that” is an especially debilitating expression.
❖那位顾客对我说了一个善意的谎言。（主谓双 宾SVO）
❖他赢回了我对他的信任。（主谓宾SVO）
❖我给他打了折。（主谓双宾SVO）
❖那位顾客对我说了一个善意的谎言，以致赢回 了我对他的信任，并且我给他打了折。（ such…that）
❖That customer told me such a white lie that he won back my trust to him and I gave him a discount.
It should be revised out of every sentence in which it occurs.
❖owing to the fact that ❖since (because) ❖in spite of the fact that ❖though (although) ❖call your attention to ❖remind you (notify you)
the fact that
❖I was unaware of the fact that
❖I was unaware that (did not know)
❖the fact that he had not ❖his failure succeeded
❖the fact that I had arrived
❖2. I enjoy playing basketball, football, and hockey.
❖(Parallel nouns) ❖3. Our dog ran across the lawn and under
the hedge. ❖(Parallel phrases) ❖4. We requested that he sing our favorite
and/,but/,yet/;neither/;however/,for/,so/ nor/or
4.Effective sentences
An effective sentence should be
Unity
Unified One main idea complete in a sentence Coherent Clear and correct arrangement of the parts
songs and that he allow us to record them. ❖(Parallel clauses)
❖Reading makes a full man;
❖conference a ready man;
❖writing exact man.
❖-----Francis Bacon
❖应试教育有一个明显的缺点。（主谓宾SVO）
❖它在某种程度上限制了学生的创造性。（主谓宾 SVO）
❖应试教育有一个明显的缺点，在某种程度上限制 了学生的创造性。（-ing作伴随状语）
❖Examination-oriented education has an obvious/ apparent drawback/demerit/shortcoming, limiting/curbing/restricting students’ creativity.
❖1.通过我们共同的努力，我们增强了彼此之 间的合作。（主谓宾SVO）
❖2.我们从合作中受益良多。（主谓）
❖3.通过我们共同的努力，我们不但增强了彼 此之间的合作，而且我们从合作中受益良多 。(with…)