2007.02.05.SOA for People.Power.Version.Shichuanbao

合集下载

历年作文

2007年雅思大作文全集(1)2007.01.06（新题）The world of work is changing rapidly, so people cannot always depend on their jobs. What are the reasons of such phenomenon and offer some measures to solve it.-(2)2007.01.13 （原题）=2005.05.28Some people think universities should provide knowledge and skills related to future career. Others think the true function of the university is to give access to knowledge for its own sake. What is your opinion?2005.05.28题目Nowadays, some university offer graduate students skills that assist to find employment, but some people believe the main function of university should be to access knowledge for its sake. What’s your opinion？(3)2007.01.20 (原题) =2005.07.09Some people say the government should pay for the health care and education, but others say that it is not the government’s responsibility. Discuss both views and giveyour opinion.2005.07.09题目Some people think the government should pay for health care and education, but other people think it's not government's responsibility. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.(4)2007.02.03 类似2006.06.17Individuals can do nothing to improve the environment, and only governments and large companies can make a difference. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2006.06.17题目The best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the price of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(5)2007.02.10 类似2005.11.26People think the public library will be replaced by the computer. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2005.11.26题目The main purpose of libraries is to provide books, therefore they should not use limited resources and space and shouldbe replaced by computer software, DVDs etc. Do you agree or disagree?(6)2007.03.03 类似2004.02.21Some people think schools should select pupils according to their academic ability, but others believe pupils with different abilities should be educated together. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2004.02.21题目Some people think intelligent children should learn with others together, since it will benefit everyone, while other people think intelligent children should learn separately, and also should get special treatment. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.(7)2007.03.10 （新题）More and more people use the mobile phone or computer to communicate, and no longer write letters to each other. Some people think the skills of letter writing will soon disappear completely. Do you agree or disagree? How important do you think letter-writing is?(8)2007.03.31 （原题）=2005.2.26It is now possible to perform everyday tasks as banking, shopping and business transactions without meeting people face-to-face. What are the effects it may bring on the individual and the society as a whole?2005.02.26题目People can perform everyday task, such as shopping and banking, as well as business transactions, without meeting other people face-to-face. What are the effects on both individuals and society?(9)2007.04.14 类似2006.09.02The society would benefit from the ban on forms of advertising because it serves no useful purposes and can even be damaging. To some extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion?2006.09.02题目In some countries, advertisers increase the amount of advertising to persuade children to buy snacks, toys，and other goods. Parents object such pressure on children. But some advertisers claim that there is useful information inthese advertisements. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(10)2007.04.21 类似2006.09.02Customers are faced with increasing amounts of advertising due to the competition among companies. To what extent do you think consumers are influenced by advertisements? And what measures can be taken to protect their interests? 2006.09.02题目In some countries, advertisers increase the amount of advertising to persuade children to buy snacks, toys，and other goods. Parents object such pressure on children. But some advertisers claim that there is useful information in these advertisements. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(11)2007.04.28（原题）=2004.09.18Air transport is increasingly used to export fruits and vegetables to other countries where they cannot be grown or are out of season. Some people believe that this is a good thing, but others consider this use of air t ransport can’t be justified. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2004.09.18题目Air transport is increasingly used to export fruits and vegetables to other countries where they cannot be grown or are out of season. Some people believe that this is a good thing, but others consider this use of air transport can’t be justified. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.(12)2007.05.12 类似2006.09.23The unpaid community service should be a necessary part in high college programs (such as helping your neighbor or teaching the children sports or working for the charity).To what extent do you agree or disagree?2006.09.23题目Young adults should undertake unpaid work to help people in the community. To what extent do you think it brings more drawbacks to the community and the young adults than benefits?(13)2007.05.19 类似2004.07.17Nowadays, computer is used more and more in education. Do you think in which areas computer is more important and in which areas teachers are more important？2004.07.17题目Computers do not help children learn more efficiently. On the contrary, computers used in schools have negative effects on children’s physical and mental development. Do you agree or disagree?(14)2007.06.02 类似2006.05.20Many developing countries are increasingly expanding their tourism industry. Why is this case? Is it a positive development?2006.05.20题目The international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. To what extent do you think its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages?(15)2007.06.09 （合并）=2006.08.05+2007.02.10 Nowadays, some people claim that public museums and art galleries will not be needed because people can see historical objects and works by using computer. Do you agree or disagree?2006.08.05题目Some people think museums should be enjoyable places to attract and entertain young people. Other think the purpose of museums is to educate, not to entertain. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.2007.02.10题目People think the public library will be replaced by the computer. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(16)2007.06.16 （新题）In many countries, traditional foods are being replaced by international fast foods. This is having a negative effect on both families and societies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(17)2007.07.07 类似2004.12.18In some countries, schools aim to provide a general education across a range of subjects. In others, children focus on a narrow range of subjects related to a particular career. For today’s world, which of thes e systems is more appropriate?2004.12.18题目Nowadays, university students focus on one specific subject. However, some people claim that universities should encourage students to study a range of subjects. Do you agree or disagree?(18)2007.07.14 （新题）Lectures were used in the past as an old way of teaching a large number of students. As new technology is now available for education, some people suggest that there is no justification for lectures. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(19)2007.07.21（新题）Many problems have impacts on the world, so good relationships between different countries are becoming more and more important. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(20)2007.08.11Some people think the food has been changed and improved by technological and scientific advances, but others worry that it is harmful to eat this kind of food.Discuss both sides and give your opinion.(21)2007.08.18Some people support to invent a new language that can be used by people all over the world for international communication. Do you think the benefits of this would outweigh the problems?(22)2007.08.25Nowadays, many people save money for their own care after retirement. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(23)2007.09.01Some think that the young should take a job as soon as they leave school to develop career. Others think they should further their study in universities to have a successful career. Discuss both opinions.(24)2007.09.08Today, cars cause many problems. What are those problems? Should we discourage people to use cars?Some people think government should invest in art, but others think it should finance health care and education. Discuss and give your opinion.(26)2007.09.22Today, the expenditure of higher education is paid by the government, students or loans which can be paid back after graduation. State the benefits of the three ways. Which way you think is the best way for the society?(27)2007.10.20Some people believe that children begin to learn a foreign language in primary school rather than in secondary school. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(28)2007.10.13Some employers focus on academic qualifications, paying less attention to life experiences and personal qualities. What are causes of this phenomenon? Is this development positive or negative?Some experts believe that it is better to learn a foreign language at a primary school then at a secondary school. Do advantages outweigh disadvantages?(30)2007.11.03=2007.09.22Today, the expenditure of higher education is paid by the government, students or loans which can be paid back after graduation. State the benefits of the three ways. Which way you think is the best way for the society?(31)2007.11.17Nowadays, a lot of advertisements are aimed at children. Some people think there are lots of negative effects for children and should ban the advertisements. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(32)2007.11.24Some say it’s not good for the poor countries to receive financial aid from the rich countries, for it deteriorates their self-dependence and capability to get stronger. To what extent do you agree with the opinion?(33)2007.12.01Some think we have grown in a thrown-away society. People always carry plastic bags and throw them away after one-use, thus it will pollute our environment. What are the reasons for the situation and how it can be alleviated?(34)2007.12.08Some people believe that the aim of university education is to help graduates find better jobs while some others hold that there are wider benefits for the individual and the society. Discuss both viewpoints and give your own opinion.(35)2007.12.13Everyday, many species of plants and animals are declining. Offer the reasons for the situation and some solutions to it.(36)2007.12.15Today, it is common that TV news programs show the images of disasters and violence to the public. Discuss the reasons and the effects on the individual and the society.2008年雅思大作文全集(1)2008.01.10Some p eople think children’s spending time on TV, video and PC games is good, while others think it is bad. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.(2)2008.01.12Some people think that criminals should be given longer terms in prison, so as to reduce crime rate. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(3)2008.01.19Some think the traditional thoughts of old people are out of date. Some believe they are still of some value. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinions?(4)2008.01.26Unemployment is getting increasingly serious in many countries. Some people think students only need to getprimary education, while others think secondary education is necessary. What’s your opinion?(5)2008.02.02Some people think people can exploit animals for any purpose they need, while others do not think so. What is your opinion?(6)2008.02.14An increasing number of people choose to live in big cities. What problems will this bring about? Should the government encourage people to live in small towns?(7)2008.02.16An American film actor once said, “Tomorrow is important and precious.”Some people think individuals and society should pay more attention to the future than to the present. Do you agree or disagree?(8)2008.02.23≈2007.04.28Some people think imported food exerts positive impacts on our lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(9)2008.03.01Schools offer a wide range of courses such as physical education, music, economics, philosophy, math, English, geography, physics and history. Among all these subjects, which one do you think is the most important and which one is the least important?(10)2008.03.08The number of cars keeps increasing, road systems should be expanded. Some people think the government should pay for it. Some people think the car owners should pay for it. What is your opinion?(11)2008.03.13Nowadays people pay lots of attention to physical health through many ways. Some regard the attention is just for individual benefit, others say it is a social responsibility to care about health. What is your opinion toward the statements?(12)2008.03.29≈ 2008.03.13Some people think government should ensure the healthy lifestyle of people, but others argue that it should be decided by individuals. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(13)2008.04.05≈ 2007.09.08Aircraft uses more fuel than cars and produces more pollution. Some people suggest the non-essential use of aircraft like international travel should be discouraged. Do you agree or disagree?(14)2008.04.12More working people are busy with work and have not enough time to spend with their family and friends. Why does this happen? What are the effects on family life and society as a whole?(15)2008.04.19Figures show that some countries have an ever-increasing proportion of the population who are aged 15 or younger. What do you think are the current and future effects of this may be for those countries?(16)2008.04.24Teachers used to convey information, but now with wide resources of information, there is no role for teachers to play in modern education. Do you agree or disagree?(17)2008.05.10Some people believe that children can learn effectively by watching TV and they should be encouraged to watch TV both at home and school. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(18)2008.05.22Some people think that schools should concentrate on academic classes, because they are helpful for future career. But they think music and sports classes are not useful. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(19)2008.05.31Some people argue that the fittest and strongest individuals and teams can achieve the greatest success in sports. But other people think the success is much related to the mentalattitude. Discuss both and give your opinion.(20)2008.06.05Some people think that university students should specialize in one subject, while others think universities should encourage students to learn a range of subjects. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(21)2008.06.14Some people think the cheap air flight gives ordinary people more freedom. However, others think the cheap air flight should be banned because it pollutes the air and brings many other problems. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(22)2008.06.21Some people think that children should obey rules or do what their parents and teachers want them to do, but others think that children controlled too much cannot deal with problems well by themselves. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.(23)2008.06.28With technology speeding up, more and more young people begin to use mobile phones and the Internet, but old people have little chance to be exposed to them. What ways could mobile phone and the Internet be useful to old people? How do old people be encouraged to use this new technology?(24)2008.07.05Some people think students should learn more practical courses like computer, but others think they should learn more about theoretical courses like geography and mathematics. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(25)2008.07.12Some people support development of agriculture, like factory farming and scientific creation of fruits and vegetables, while others oppose. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(26)2008.07.24Some people think that in the modern society individuals are becoming more dependent on each other，while otherssay that individuals are becoming more independent of each other. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.(27)2008.07.26Some people think the main benefit of international cooperation is in protection of the environment, while others think that the main benefit is in the world business. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(28)2008.08.09In some countries government moves industries and businesses from big city to rural area. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of the situation and say what you agree with.(29)2008.08.16Giving detailed descriptions about the crime in the newspaper and on TV brings argument. Someone said it has a bad consequence for the society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(30)2008.08.21International travel makes people prejudiced rather than broad-minded. What are the reasons and how to solve it?(31)2008.08.30Some people think that students should study in group, while others argue that they should study alone. Discuss both opinions.(32)2008.09.06Once children start school, their teachers have more influence on their intellectual and social development than parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(33)2008.09.13Some believe that environmental protection is very important but they do not do anything about it. Why does it happen? How can we do to solve the problem?(34)2008.10.11Society is based on rules and laws. It could not function if individuals were free to do whatever they want. To what extent do you agree or disagree？(35)2008.10.25Economic progress is one way to measure the success of one country. What other factors should be considered? Within these factors, which you think is more important than the others?(36) 2008.11.08More and more people now choose to wear the fashionable clothes. Why is it? What are the positive and negative effects does this trend impose on the society?(37) 2008.11.15More and more people work at home and study at home with the development of computer technology. Do you think it is positive or negative development?(38) 2008.11.20International travel is becoming cheaper than before, so more and more countries open their doors to tourists. Do the advantages of the increased tourism outweigh the disadvantages?(39) 2008.11.29Some people think modern games can help children to develop wide range of skills, but other people argue that traditional games can be much better for developing such skills. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(40) 2008.12.04Because of the global economy, many goods including what we use as daily basic produced by other counties have to be transported for a long distance. To what extent do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?(41)2008.12.06Memorization of information by frequent repetition, namely rote learning, plays a role in many education systems. To what extent do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?(41) 2008.12.06 (G)What are the teenager problems? How could schools and parents do to solve these problems?(42)2008.12.13Some people believe that a country can benefit a lot from university education, while others believe that sending a large percentage of young students to go to university is the way leading to unemployment. Discuss both views and give your opinion.05-10雅思大作文集锦05.01.08Nowadays, people get information through news and papers, but meanwhile are uncertain about the truth of these news. Should we believe the journalists? What qualities should a good journalist or correspondent have?05.01.15Some teachers say students should be organised into groups to study. Others argue students should be made to study alone. Tell the benefits of each study method. Which one do you think is more effective?05.01.22Recent years, the number of crimes committed by young people in major cities throughout the world is increasing. Discuss this issue. Give reasons and suggest some solutions.05.02.05Food can be produced much more cheaply today because of improved fertilisers and better machinery. However, some of the methods used todo this may be dangerous to human health and may have negative effects on local communities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?05.02.19Leisure is a growing industry, but people no longer entertain themselves as much as they used to because the use of modern technology has made them less creative. Do you agree or disagree?05.02.26People can perform everyday tasks, such as shopping and banking as well as business transactions, without meeting other people face-to-face. What are the effects of this on individual and society as a whole?05.03.05Some people think visitors to others countries should imitate local customers and behaviours. Some people disagree; they think the host country should welcome cultural differences. Discuss the two views and give your opinion.05.03.12It is generally believed that education is of vital importance to the development of individuals and the well-being of societies. What should education consist of to fulfil both these functions?Some people think that cultural traditions may be destroyed when they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others believe it is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss on both sides and give your opinion.05.04.02Pressure on the school and university students is increasing and students are pushed too hard work when they are young. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?05.04.09Nowadays education quality is very low. Some people think we should encourage our students to evaluate and criticise their teachers. Others believe that it will result in a loss of respect and discipline in the classroom. Discuss on both sides.05.04.16The advantages brought by the spread of English as a “global language” will outweigh the disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?Some school leavers travel or work for a period of time instead of going directly to university. What are the advantages and disadvantages? 05.05.21many people are optimistic of the 21st century and see it as an opportunity to make positive changes to the world. To what extent do you share their optimism? What changes would you like to see in the new century?05.05.28Nowadays, some universities offer graduate students skills that assist to find employment, but some people believe the main function of a university should be to access knowledge for its sake. What’s your opinion?05.06.11The government is responsible for pr otecting a nation’s cultural identity. Thus, some people believe new buildings should be built in traditional styles. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?05.06.18Sending criminals to prison is not the best method of dealing with them.Education and job training are better ways to help them. Do you agree or disagree?05.06.25Some people think that the news media nowadays have influenced people’s lives in negative ways. To what extent do you agree or disagree?05.07.09Some people think the government should pay for health care and education, but other people think it is not the government's responsibility. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.05.07.16Many employees may work at home with the modern technology. Some people claim that it can benefit only the workers, not the employers. Do you agree or disagree?05.07.23The detailed description about crime will affect the people and cause many social problems. Some people say that the media should be strictly controlled. Do you agree or disagree?05.08.06Many people say that we have developed into a “throw-away” culture,because we are filling up our environment with so many plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of. To what extent do you agree with this opinion and what measures can you recommend reducing this problem?05.08.13Some scientists believe that studying the behaviour of 3-year-old children can tell which children would grow up to be criminals. To what extent in your opinion is crime a product of human nature or is it possible to stop children from growing up to be criminals?05.08.20Some people think that people moving to a new country should accept new culture in the foreign country rather than living as a separate minority group with different lifestyle. Do you agree or disagree?05.09.03Children who grow up in families which are short of money are better prepared with the problems of adult life than children who are brought up by wealthy parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree?05.09.10The only way to improve the safety on our own road is to have stricterpunishment for driving offenders. To what extent do you agree or disagree?05.09.17Some people think that using animals for experimentation purpose is cruel, but other people think that is necessary for the development of science. Discuss both views and give your opinion.05.10.15In many countries, good schools and medical facilities are available only in cities. Some people think new teachers and doctors should work in rural areas for a few years, but others think everyone should be free to choose where they work. Discuss and give your own opinion.05.10.22The speeding up of life in many areas such as travel and communication has negative effects on society at all levels—individual, national and global. To what extent do you agree or disagree?05.10.29Some people think the increasing business and cultural contact between countries brings many positive effects. Others say it causes the loss of national identities. Discuss on both sides and give your opinion.05.11.12As global trade increases between different countries, many daily necessities are produced in other countries. Such goods are usually transported a long distance. Do the benefits of this trend outweigh its drawbacks?05.11.19Advertising encourages consumers to buy in quantity rather than promoting quality. To what extent do you agree or disagree?05.11.26The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they shouldn’t waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?05.12.03Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying out, although people have been aware of this problem for a long time. Why do people do so little about it? Give your suggestions on how to solve this problem.05.12.10Many people believe that scientific research should be carried out andcontrolled by the governments rather than private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?05.12.17It is more important for a building to serve a purpose than to look beautiful. Architects shouldn’t worry about producing building as a work of art. Do you agree or disagree?06.01.07Some people believe they should keep all the money they have earned and should not pay tax to the state. Do you agree or disagree?06.01.14There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones?06.01.21Today, the advanced science and technology have made great changes to people’s life, but artists such as musicians, painters and writers are still highly valued. What can arts tell us about life that science and technology cannot?。

2007年英语一考研真题

2007年英语一考研真题In 2007, the English Language Test for postgraduate entrance exams in China included the following essay prompt:Directions: Write an essay of 1500 words on the topic "The Impact of Globalization on Culture". Your essay should cover the following points:1. The definition of globalization;2. The impact of globalization on language and communication;3. The impact of globalization on cultural identity and diversity;4. The pros and cons of globalization on culture.Please note that this essay should be written in a formal academic essay format. The essay should be structured with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Avoid using specific section titles such as "Introduction" or "Body Paragraphs" within the essay. Instead, maintain a smooth flow of ideas and paragraphs.Introduction:Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through trade, communication, and cultural exchange. It has stimulated intensive debates regarding its effects on various aspects of society, including culture. This essay aims to explore the impact of globalization on culture, specifically focusing on language and communication, cultural identity, and diversity. Furthermore, the pros and cons of globalization in relation to culture will be critically examined.Body Paragraph 1:The first significant impact of globalization on culture is observed in language and communication. Globalization has facilitated the spread of the English language as a lingua franca, leading to the dominance of English in various fields such as business, science, and international communication. On the one hand, this enhances cross-cultural understanding and creates opportunities for global cooperation. On the other hand, it threatens the survival of indigenous languages and poses challenges for non-English speakers in accessing knowledge and information.Body Paragraph 2:Another area affected by globalization is cultural identity and diversity. As cultures interact and integrate, there is a tendency towards cultural homogenization. Westernization, driven by globalization, has influenced the traditional values, beliefs, and customs of many societies. This may lead to the loss of cultural distinctiveness and result in a sense of identity crisis among communities. However, it is crucial to recognize that globalization also provides platforms for cultural exchange and hybridization, allowing cultures to adapt, embrace diversity, and create new forms of expression.Body Paragraph 3:Examining the pros and cons of globalization on culture reveals a complex picture. On one hand, globalization enhances cultural exchange and mutual understanding. People now have greater opportunities to experience and appreciate diverse cultures, leading to increased tolerance and respect. Additionally, globalization contributes to economic development, which can in turn facilitate the preservation and revitalization of traditional cultures.However, globalization also poses risks such as cultural imperialism and the commodification of culture. The dominance of Western cultural products can overshadow local traditions and erode cultural diversity.Conclusion:In conclusion, globalization has had a profound impact on culture, influencing various aspects such as language, cultural identity, and diversity. While globalization promotes cross-cultural understanding and economic growth, it also poses challenges to cultural autonomy and diversity. It is crucial for societies to strike a balance between embracing the benefits of globalization while preserving their cultural heritage. The future lies in promoting cultural exchange, respecting diversity, and nurturing a sense of cultural identity in an increasingly interconnected world.。

2007年12月A级真题参考答案及听力录音原文

2007年12月高等学校英语应用能力A级考试真题参考答案及听力录音原文Part I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes)(评分标准：1-15题每题1分，共15分)Section A1. A2. D3. B4. A5. CSection BConversation 16. C7. BConversation 28. B 9. B 10. DSection C11. the Internet 12. boss 13. pollution14. human 15. face to facePart II Vocabulary & Structure (15 minutes)(评分标准：16-25每题0.5分，26-35每题1分，共15分)Section A16. B 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A21. B 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. DSection B26. applications 27. cheerful 28. has seen 29. introduced 30. is allowed 31. having seen 32. to discuss 33. will last 34. deeply 35. usePart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)（评分标准：36-45每题2分，46-50每空1分，51-55每空0.5分，56-60每题1分，共35分）Task 136. B 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. CTask 241. C 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. ATask 346. Information security specialist 47. information system security48. bachelor’s 49. Permanent Resident status 50. resumes@Task 451. B, G 52. K, M 53. J, N 54. P, F 55. Q, EA. reading, reference and copying阅读、查阅、复印B. staff only员工专用C. closed shelves for undergraduates本科生专用书架D. information retrieval room信息检索室E. inter-library loan馆际互借F. display & reading room for new books新书展览室G. multi-media reading room多媒体阅览室H. reference department office参考书部门办公室I. novelty research奇书检索J. lecture hall报告厅K. reading room for reference books参考书阅览室L. return deposit还书库M. reading room for Chinese social books中文社科图书阅览室N. title catalogue书名目录O. circulation for foreign books外文书刊借阅P. card catalogue卡片目录Q. periodicals and magazines期刊杂志阅览Task 556. visitors 57. accepted 58. website59. questions or comments 60. Jim SmithPart IV Translation---English into Chinese (25 minutes)（评分标准：61-64每题2分，65题12分，共20分）61. B---A---D---C 2---1---0.5---062. D---C---B---A 2---1---0.5---063. B---A---D---C 2---1---0.5---064. C---A---B---D 2---1---0.5---065.这些规章制度可以保证你在使用信用卡网上购物或电话购物时更安全。

2007年3月高级口译听力真题

2007年3月高级口译听力真题【Spot Dictation】Most "unassertive" people are not confident and take no for an answer much too easily. There is a growing awareness in our society that this tendency ________ (1) the rights of large numbers of people. For example, in recent years there has been an upsurge in ________ (2) and pressure groups. This is a ________ (3) as there will always be a need for such organizations to ________ (4) individuals and minorities in a competitive society. The danger is that we ________ (5) for our rights and lose the art of asserting ourselves. It is better for ________ (6) with other people if you can learn ________ (7) for yourself. Now, we have to learn to ignore some of the ________ (8) that may be ringing in our unconscious minds, such as: "If you ask once more, I'll flatten you", and" ________ (9)".The main technique that we use in ________ (10) to practice the art of persistence is called Broken Record. ________ (11) we hear one sentence over and over again until we reach screaming pitch and ________ (12).Broken Record is the skill of being able to repeat over and over again, ________ (13), what it is you want or need, until the other person gives in or ________ (14).Now, this technique is extremely useful for dealing with situations where your rights are clearly________ (15), or coping with situations where you are likely to be diverted by clever, ________ (16).The beauty of using Broken Record is that you________ (17) because you know exactly what you are going to say, however________ (18) the other person tries to be.As with most assertive techniques, it must be used appropriately. It is ________ (19) and is not designed to foster deep, interesting conversations and friendships with people! It is primarily of use in situations where ________ (20).【Listening Comprehension】Listening Comprehension 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) Education and health.(B) Health in adolescence.(C) Sleep deprivation in teens.(D) Mysteries of sleep.2. (A) A balance in cognitive thoughts and emotions.(B) A chronic sleep deprivation.(C) A huge wave of sleepiness.(D) A mighty sleep hormone.3. (A) Melatonin is the source of a big push from biology that makes teenagers night owls.(B) Melatonin is a simple signal that turns on in the morning and turns off in the evening.(C) Melatonin is secreted several hours later in childhood than it will be during adolescence.(D) Melatonin doesn't shut off until 11 o'clock P.M. every day.4. (A) They have to struggle to stay up all night.(B) They get severely sleep deprived.(C) They very often oversleep.(D) They fall asleep too soon at night.5. (A) Alertness.(B) Reaction time.(C) Emotion.(D) Concentration.Listening Comprehension 2Question 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) Corporate executives are confident in the stock market trends.(B) Investors in general believe that the outlook for profits is worsening.(C) Some major company executives are selling more shares than buying.(D) The US stock market is expanding at a 5.6 percent annual rate this year.7. (A) To inspect the shuttle for potentially critical heat shield damage.(B) To rewire the space station for a permanent power source.(C) To beat the odds to get off the launch pad in the first night-time launch.(D) To make a fiery ascent that turns night into day.8. (A) 50.(B) 80.(C) 150.(D) 180.9. (A) Forty-five women were killed in the blaze at a drug treatment center.(B) The fire was not caused by arson according to a senior firefighter.(C) Nine mentally ill patients died in the fire.(D) People were trapped behind locked gates and barred windows.10. (A) Two detectives investigating the case had tested positive for traces of radiation.(B) The ex-wife and the former mother-in-law of the spy were also poisoned.(C) The Russian businessman who met the former spy in London has fallen ill.(D) There is a high degree of probability that it is polonium that killed the spy. Listening Comprehension 3Questions 11-15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) Closed to the public. (B) Silent and empty.(C) Packed with (D) Strangely crowded.12. (A) New Mexico. (B) Minnesota.(C) The coast of Florida. (D) The Caribbean.13. (A) Several gallons of petrol. (B) Food for at least three days.(C) Plenty of drinking water. (D) A sturdy pair of work boots.14. (A) The potential damage.(B) The unexpected temperature changes.(C) The hurricane's possible path.(D) The vulnerability of the locals.15. (A) Watch, wait and try not to panic.(B) Choose another place for a vacation.(C) Ask for their money back if there's a hurricane.(D) Plan for very bad weather.Listening Comprehension 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) Car alarms.(B) Sirens.(C) Jack-hammers.(D) Loud music.17. (A) Break eggs on the road.(B) Take certain legal action.(C) Use some minor retaliatory step.(D) Paint the windshield or front hood of a car.18. (A) It can only alert the police.(B) It is of no use.(C) It can prevent the car being broken into.(D) It is really too expensive.19. (A) It makes them noisier than they were 20 years ago.(B) It makes it difficult for them to fall asleep.(C) It affects their work during the day.(D) It does harm to their hearing.20. (A) Many New Yorkers agree about banning this form of sonic pollution.(B) The police have formed a posse to reduce the amount of noise.(C) Police can break into a car as soon as the alarm goes off.(D) Car alarms are very effective at preventing theft.【Note taking & Gap filling】Americans' ________ (1) impulses keep generating surprises. Charitable giving plays an even larger role in the ________ (2). Demand for nonprofit services gets proportionately bigger as a locality's ________ (3) rises. The philanthropy of the wealthy may not hinge on tax ________ (4) to the degree many believe. The US _________ (5) the world in levels of charitable activity. Some experts see charity as a ________ (6) trait of the US, more than ________ (7) or business. But those forces may be________ (8), as many nonprofits—from healthcare to classical music—are selling________ (9) in a marketplace alongside for-profit ________ (10). Charity is no mere ________ (11) activity. It pays off for society in ways that may ________ (12) the rates of return on many traditional investments. Charity not onlyhelps those on the ________ (13) end but also strengthens the ________ (14) of society at large. Moreover, it appears to make the givers themselves more_________ (15). The pattern that conservatives are better givers than ________ (16) is less about politics than about charity-linked ________ (17) most common to conservatives: religious commitment, marriage and children, and entrepreneurship. The main point is that more Americans, regardless of ideology, embrace giving as a tool for ________ (18). The urge to make a difference, and to take ________ (19) in it, outweighs ________ (20) considerations.Sentence Translation(I)________________________________________________________________________ _(2)________________________________________________________________________ _(3)________________________________________________________________________ _(4)________________________________________________________________________ _(5)________________________________________________________________________ _Passage translation(l)(2)。

怎么成为有用的人英文作文

怎么成为有用的人英文作文Being a useful person is not about being perfect or having all the answers. It's about being willing to help others and make a positive impact in the world around you. 。

One way to become a useful person is to develop astrong work ethic. This means being reliable, responsible, and willing to put in the effort to get things done. Whether it's at work, school, or in your personal life, having a strong work ethic will make you someone thatothers can depend on.Another way to be useful is to be a good listener. People appreciate when someone takes the time to reallyhear what they have to say. By being a good listener, you can offer support, advice, or simply a sympathetic ear to those who need it.Being adaptable is also important in becoming a useful person. Life is unpredictable, and being able to roll withthe punches and adapt to new situations is a valuable skill. Whether it's learning a new technology, adjusting to a new job, or dealing with unexpected challenges, being adaptable will make you a valuable asset to those around you.Volunteering your time and skills is another way to be useful. Whether it's helping out at a local charity, mentoring a young person, or using your professional skills to assist others, volunteering is a great way to make a positive impact in your community.Finally, being kind and compassionate is perhaps the most important way to be useful. Treating others with respect, empathy, and understanding can make a huge difference in someone's day. Kindness is contagious, and by spreading it to those around you, you can truly make the world a better place.In conclusion, being a useful person is about more than just what you can do for yourself. It's about how you can positively impact the lives of those around you. By developing a strong work ethic, being a good listener,staying adaptable, volunteering, and showing kindness, you can become a truly useful person in the world.。

Practical Password Recovery on an MD5 Challenge and Response

Practical Password Recovery onan MD5Challenge and ResponseYu Sasaki1,Go Yamamoto2,and Kazumaro Aoki21The University of Electro-Communications,Chofugaoka1-5-1,Chofu-shi,Tokyo,182-8585,Japan2NTT,1-1Hikarinooka,Yokosuka-shi,Kanagawa-ken,239-0847JapanAbstract.This paper shows an attack against APOP protocol whichis a challenge-and-response protocol.We utilize the Wang’s attack tomake collisions in MD5,and apply it to APOP protocol.We conﬁrmedthat theﬁrst3octets of secret key can be recovered by several hundredqueries under the man-in-the-middle environment.1IntroductionAfter the Wang’s breakthrough[14]toﬁnd collision in hash functions,the secu-rity of hash functions has much attention.Since how to derive the Wang’s attack seems unclear,many studies are conducting to clarify this topic,for example[2]. On the other hand,people started to consider the inﬂuences of tractable colli-sion against real applications of hash function.We know that tractable collision is undesirable property for a hash function,but we are not sure how to inﬂu-ence the property to applications of hash function such as digital signature, message authentication,and challenge-and-response protocols.For example,[5] shows how to alter a PostScript document to be signed,and[1]shows the secu-rity of NMAC and HMAC can be proven without collision-resistance property. However,no result is known for challenge-and-response protocols.This paper shows an attack against APOP protocol which is based on MD5 [11]message authentication.Our attack utilizes the collision tractable property in MD5,and successfully recovers theﬁrst three octets of password under man-in-the-middle environment.Moreover,the paper is an answer of the problem written in[6]:Because of the message extension attack on the preﬁx approach,the “suﬃx”approach,MD5(m·k),would seem to be preferred.But another problem arises:the key may be vulnerable to cryptanalysis,depending on the properties of the compression function.The following sections organize as follows.Section2introduces the notation and the previous results.Section3abstracts the properties of collisions to be We notiﬁed Information-technology Promotion Agency,Japan of the result fol-lowed by the Japanese ordinance,December8,2006.The notiﬁcation number is IPA#10155887.used.Section4describes an attack for challenge-and-response protocols whose challenge is generated as MD5(m k),where m is variable length.Section5dis-cusses how to apply the attack to APOP.Section6concludes this paper.2Preliminaries2.1Notations and DeﬁnitionsBit Strings.For a bit string b=b1b2b3···b l,let|b|be the length l,and let[b]i j be the substring b i b i+1···b j−1b j.Description of MD5.MD5[11]is a hash function with Merkle-Damg˚ard structure,which takes an arbitrary length message M as input,and outputs 128-bit length hash value H(M).First of all,an input message M is padded and divided into512-bit length block messages(M0,M1,...,M n−1).These block messages will go through compression function(CF)of MD5with a128-bit ini-tial value.The initial chaining variable(H0)are set as follows:a0=0x67452301, b0=0xefcdab89,c0=0x98badcfe,d0=0x10325476.The procedure of MD5 algorithm is as follows:H1=CF(M0,H0),H2=CF(M1,H1),...,H n=CF(M n−1,H n−1)H n will be the hash value of M.Compression function of MD5takes M n−1and H n−1as input,and outputs H n.First,M n−1is divided into32-bit messages(m0,m1,...,m15).Hash value H n−1is divided into32-bit chaining variables(a0,b0,c0,d0).The compression function consists of64steps.In step i,chaining variables a i−1,b i−1,c i−1,d i−1 are updated as follows.a i=d i−1b i=b i−1+(a i−1+f(b i−1,c i−1,d i−1)+m k+t i)≪s ic i=b i−1d i=c i−1f is a Boolean function deﬁned in each round.m k is one of(m0,...,m15),and index k is deﬁned in each steps.t i is a constant value deﬁned in each step.≪s i denotes left rotation by s i bits,and s i is deﬁned in each step.Finally,H n is computed as(a0+a64,b0+b64,c0+c64,d0+d64).2.2Wang’s Results and Its ExtensionHow to generate MD5collision in Wang et al.’s method?Wang et al.’s attack is a diﬀerential attack.It generates a collision with complexity of238MD5 computation3.Let m and m be a pair of messages that yields a collision.Dif-ference∆is deﬁned to be value of calculation for m 32-bit wordwise subtracted by value of calculation for m.For example,∆m=m −m.The attack procedure is as follows.3In original paper,complexity was estimated as237MD5computation.However,[9] pointed out the mistakes of their estimation,and reevaluated the correct complexity.21.Find“Message Diﬀerence(∆M)”that yields a collision with high probability.2.Determine the propagation of∆M.Propagation of diﬀerence is called“Dif-ferential Path(DP)”.3.To realize the DP,generate“Suﬃcient Conditions(SC)”on the value ofchaining variables of calculation for m i.4.Determine procedures of“Message Modiﬁcation(MM)”that satisfy SCs.5.Search a message that satisﬁes all SCs by randomly generating messages andapplying MM.Let the searched message be M∗.6.Calculate M ∗=M∗+∆M.Finally,M∗and M ∗become a collision pair. This attack generates a collision with two blocks messages.Let M(1)and M(2) is a message for theﬁrst and the second block respectively.∆M of their attack is as follows.∆M(1)=(∆m(1)0,...,∆m(1)15)=(0,0,0,0,231,0,0,0,0,0,0,215,0,0,231,0)∆M(2)=(∆m(2)0,...,∆m(2)15)=(0,0,0,0,231,0,0,0,0,0,0,−215,0,0,231,0)The proposed APOP attack uses the collision attack on MD5proposed by Wang et al.The property that m(2)15does not have any diﬀerence is important for the APOP attack.The best improved attack known.While no paper has been published on improvement of∆M and DP,some papers proposed the improvement on SC and MM.Liang and Lai pointed out that Wang et al.’s SCs are insuﬃcient,and showed the truly suﬃcient conditions[9].Regarding MM,in November2005, Sasaki et al.proposed the message modiﬁcation for starting collision search from the intermediate step[12,13].In March2006,Klima independently proposed message modiﬁcation named“Tunnel”[7].The concepts of these two techniques are the same,but Klima applied his technique more widely than Sasaki et al. Klima’s attack is the fastest attack,whichﬁnds a collision within a minute by standard notebook PC.Properties to be used in our attack.APOP attack needs to generate colli-sions of MD5many times.In the proposed attack,collision generation technique is based on Wang et al.’s collision attack.We use the same∆M,DP and SC as Wang et al.’s.Regarding MM,we slightly change the technique because of the limitation of the APOP.Sasaki et al.’s and Klima’s message modiﬁcation are also available to quickly generate collisions.2.3Related WorkIn Asiacrypt2006,a related-key key recovery attack on NMAC/HMAC MD5 was proposed by Contini and Yin[3].In NMAC/HMAC MD5,message authen-tication tag is generated by calculating MD5sk2(MD5sk1(m)),where MD5ski(m) denotes MD5calculation for m by using i-th secret key as its initial value.The only diﬀerence of NMAC and HMAC is the existence of Key Deriving Function.3They proposed the method to recover sk1of NMAC/HMAC MD5.The re-lated part to this paper is that their attack recovers sk1without knowing sk2by using the known property of MD5:If MD5(a)and MD5(b)(a=b)are collision, MD5(a||c)and MD5(b||c)will also collide for any c.This property is applied to NMAC/HMAC.[MD5sk1(m)=MD5sk1(m )]⇒[N/HMACsk1,sk2(m)=N/HMACsk1,sk2(m )]Therefore,they can know the occurrence of collision in theﬁrst part by looking authentication tags.Another point is that both of their attack and our attack use the message modiﬁcation(MM).However,since IV of NMAC/HMAC is secret information, MMs by Contini and Yin are diﬀerent from MMs by Wang et al.’s.On the other hand,MM used in our attack is based on MM by Wang et al.’s.Very recently,Leurent independently proposes an attack against APOP pro-tocol[8].The result includes almost part of this paper,but the motivation is quite diﬀerent.3Properties of CollisionsFor a function h:{0,1}∗→{0,1}k,if distinct messages m,m ∈{0,1}∗satisfy h(m)=h(m )then the pair of the messages(m,m )is called a collision pair. In this section we prepare some notions that characterize additional property of collision pairs.3.1Extendable Collision PairsMany dedicated hash functions like SHA-1is designed on the Merkle-Damg˚ard construction.In such cases,one can expect that some collisions for the function possesses the property deﬁned below.Deﬁnition1(Extendable Collision Pairs).Let h:{0,1}∗→{0,1}k be a function and let a pair of distinct messages(m,m )is a collision pair,that is, h(m)=h(m )holds.We say(m,m )is an extendable collision pair,if h(m||x)= h(m ||x)holds for any x∈{0,1}∗.This property relates to length extension attack,that is,given h(m)and the length of m but not m itself,one can compute h(m||x)for a given x.Proposition1.Let(m,m )be a collision pair such that|m|=|m |.If for message m message length extension attack is applicable for any x∈{0,1}∗, then(m,m )is an extendable collision pair.Proof.Suppose one can apply message length extension attack on m.It implies that h(m||x)can be computed on input h(m),|m|,and x.Since(m,m )is a collision pair,hence h(m)=h(m ),which implies h(m||x)=h(m ||x).43.2Tail Collision PairsCryptographic hash functions are usually designed to be collision-resistant.How-ever,some works recently revealed that it is not so hard as considered before to ﬁnd collisions for SHA-1,MD5,and so on.In this section extending the notion of collision pairs we consider tail collision pairs,that is harder toﬁnd.In Section 5we will point out that at least for MD5Wang’s workﬁnds even tail collision pairs,not only collision pairs.Deﬁnition2(x-Tail Collision Pairs).Let h:{0,1}∗→{0,1}k be a function. An x-tail collision pair is a pair of distinct messages(m,m )such that h(m||x)= h(m ||x).If x is set to the NULL string,NULL-tail collision pair is nothing but the conventional collision pair.Deﬁnition3(Depth and Proper x-Tail Collision Pairs).Let(m,m )be an x-tail collision pair.We deﬁne the depth of the pair by the minimum positiveinteger d such that(m,m )is a[x]1d -tail collision pair.If the depth of an x-tailcollision pair(m,m )equals to|x|,then we call(m,m )a proper x-tail collision pair.Deﬁnition4.An extendable x-tail collision pair(m,m )is an x-tail collision pair such that(m||x,m ||x)is an extendable collision pair.An extendable x-tail collision pair is also an extendable x||y-tail collision pair for an arbitrary y∈{0,1}∗.We usually suppose that for distinct messages x and x ,a proper x-tail colli-sion pair(m,m )is very unlikely to be a proper x -tail collision pair at the same time.We call this hypothesis Tail Collision Soundness.4The AttackLet O be an oracle which outputs h(x||s)on input x,where s is the secret stored inside O.Let T n be an oracle which on input x with|x|<n outputs(m,m ) such that(m,m )is an extendable proper x-tail collision pair of h.Then,our attack extracts theﬁrst n bits of s with accesses to O and T n.Theorem1.Suppose h is a function with Tail Collision Soundness.Let O and T i are oracles as described above.Let s be the secret string stored in O.Then, there is an algorithm that outputs theﬁrst n bits of s,within2n times O calls and a single T i call for each i=1,2,...,n.This attack aﬀects to the real life.In Section5it is shown that one can implement T32for MD5,which impacts on the security of APOP[10].5Proof.Consider the algorithm described below.Input:n∈N,Output:theﬁrst n bits of s.1.Set G←NULL.2.Send G||0to T|G|+1and receive(m,m ).3.Send m to O and receive a.4.Send m to O and receive a .5.If a=a ,then set G←G||0.Otherwise set G←G||1.6.If|G|reaches n,then output G and exit.Otherwise goto Step2.It suﬃces to show that Step5gives the correct guess for[s]1|G|+1assumingthat G is the correct guess for[s]1|G|in Step2.In Step5,a=a holds if G||0is the correct guess for[s]1|G|+1,because T|G|+1returns an extendable G||0-tail collision pair,that is,(m||[s]1|G|+1,m ||[s]1|G|+1)is an extendable collision pair,hence h(m||s)=h(m ||s).Suppose G||0is not the correct guess and a=a holds.In particular(m,m ) is an s-tail collision pair.Let d be the depth of s-tail collision pair(m,m ).Then,(m,m )is a proper[s]1d -tail collision pair.Suppose d>|G|.(m,m )isalso a proper G||0-tail collision pair,while[s]1d =G||0since G||0is not thecorrect guess for s.This contradicts our assumption of Tail Collision Soundness.If d≤|G|,then[s]1d =[G||0]1dsince G is the correct guess for[s]1|G|.Hencethe depth of proper G||0-tail collision pair(m,m )is less than|(G||0)|.This contradicts to the deﬁnition.In real life,when one deals with APOP,mail user agents can take parts as the oracle O described above,while O does not necessarily accept an input with an arbitrary length.If the input for O is restricted to octet strings,the guess at Step2should be repeated for255times in the worst case.5In Real Life5.1Brief Description of APOPAPOP is an optional feature of POP deﬁned in[10].In the conventional POP, users are authenticated by plaintext passwords.APOP authenticates users by an MD5challenge-response.In an APOP session,the challenge is given in theﬁrst message from the APOP server,formatted like<26099.1163472291@hostname.fqdn>correspond-ing to the‘msg-id’deﬁned in[4].The response from the user agent is supposed to be MD5(challenge||password).The attack described in Section4can be applied to APOP,where the user agent participates as the oracle O,if one can implement the oracle T whose outputs are accepted by the user agent.65.2Behavior of Popular Mail User AgentsWe experimented on actual conditions for accepting challenge strings with popu-lar mail user agents.We choose Thunderbird-1.5,Mew-5.1,Al-Mail-1.13a,Becky!-2.27,EdMax-2.85.5F as the targets.They are widely used in Japan and supports APOP.First of all challenge strings must begin with’<’and must end with’>’, since challenge strings are extracted in such a way from theﬁrst message of the server,which can contain some comments or greeting messages besides with the challenge string.The detail of the experiments are as described below.Set octet string s=(’<’,0x02,0x03,...,0xff,0x01,0x02,0x03,...,0xff,0x01,0x02,0x03,...,0xfe,’>’).Experiment1:1.Submit s to each mail user agent as the challenge from the server.2.Check whether the mail user agent returns the correct response. Experiment2:1.Replace all of0x0a(LF),’<’,and’>’in s with’X’except for theﬁrstcharacter and the last character.2.Submit s to each mail user agent as the challenge from the server.3.Check whether the mail user agent returns the correct response. Experiment3:1.Replace all of0x0a(LF),’<’,’>’,’@’in s with’X’except for theﬁrstcharacter and the last character.2.Submit s to each mail user agent as the challenge from the server.3.Check whether the mail user agent returns the correct response.The results of the experiments are shown in Table1,where OK implies the agent returns the correct response,NG implies response is incorrect or the agent returns an error.Table1.Experimental results on mail user agentsagent name Exp1Exp2Exp3Thunderbird-1.5NG OK NGMew-5.1NG OK NGAl-Mail-1.13a NG OK NGBecky!-2.27NG OK NGEdMax-2.85.5F NG OK OK7The result supports the conditions for accepting challenge strings described below:–Strings must begin with’<’and end with’>’.–Strings must not contain0x0a(LF).–Strings must not contain’<’nor’>’except for theﬁrst character and the last character.–Strings should contain at least one’@’.In addition,strings must not contain0x00(NULL),which terminates string.5.3Implementation of T32for MD5In this section,we explain how to implement T32for MD5,that is,how to generate extendable tail collision pair of MD5.When we generate x and x ,we use the collision attack proposed by Wang et al.However,diﬀerent from the collision attack,x must consist of octets that are accepted by mail user agents.Atﬁrst,to simplify the situation,we ignore this limitation.Therefore,we assume that any bit sequence can be chosen for x. (We remove this assumption later).Impact of aﬁxed tail value.If the following two facts are achieved,we can obtain extendable tail collision pair(x,x ).-x and x can have the appropriate message diﬀerences.-x that satisﬁes all SCs can be found in practical time.The value of the tail part for x and x must be identical,therefore,no message diﬀerence is allowed in the tail part.Fortunately,as is described in Section2.2, message diﬀerence for Wang et al.’s attack does not involve m15but involves the MSB of m14.Therefore,we can locate tail part in m15but cannot locate it in the MSB of m14.Consequently,as long as the tail part is less than or equal to 39bits(=4octets and7bits)4,we can make the desired message diﬀerences, andﬁnd a collision pair.This means,we can implement T i,(0≤i≤39),but cannot implement it for i≥40.Message Modiﬁcation withﬁxed m15.Toﬁnd x that satisﬁes all SCs, message modiﬁcation is available.Since we don’t generate a collision pair but a tail collision pair,exactly the same message modiﬁcation as Wang et al.’s attack cannot be applied.However,since tail part of x is at most39bits,other473bits still have freedom.This enables us toﬁnd x that satisﬁes all SCs in practical time(≈230MD5computations).Remember the single-message modiﬁcation(SMM)proposed by Wang et al. In this method,all suﬃcient conditions for step i,(1≤i≤16)are satisﬁed by 4If the tail part is more than39bits,it will locate in m.Since MD5uses big endian,14it will locate in the MSB of m14,and we cannot make the message diﬀerences.8modifying m i−1.In the APOP attack,since m0to m14can freely be chosen, all SCs up to step15are satisﬁed by the SMM.Similarly,MMM that does not involve m15can be applied to the APOP attack.After the SMM and MMM that does not involve m15are applied,the number of remaining SCs becomes34,which obtains the desired x and x with complexity of234MD5computations.By changing procedures for message modiﬁcation that involves m15so that m15would not be involved,4more SCs can be satisﬁed. Finally,x and x are generated with complexity of230MD5computations.Other message modiﬁcation named“Tunnel”by Klima[7]or“Message mod-iﬁcation for starting the collision search from the intermediate step”by Sasaki et al.[13]are also available.By combining SMM,MMM and these modiﬁcation, x and x can be generated in aboutﬁve seconds on a PC.5.4How to avoid the limitation of APOP challenge string?In the beginning of this section,we assumed that any bit string can be chosen as x.However,some strings cannot be accepted by the actual APOP.Forbidden strings are described in Section5.2.Start from’<’and include’@’.To avoid these limitations,the property that Wang et al.’s attack works for any initial value can be used.That is,we put an additional common message block before the tail collision.Let the512-bit message that starts from’<’and include an’@’be P re.The generated tail collision pair becomes(P re||x)and(P re||x ).End with’>’.APOP string must end with’>’.This means we need an additionalﬁxed character in the tail part of x and x .Because of this limitation, the generated tail collision pair becomes(P re||x||’>’)and(P re||x ||’>’).As explained before,ﬁxed length can be39bits in maximum.Therefore,even with the limitation of’>’,we still have freedom for31bits,that is,3octets in the tail part.This is the reason why the number of recoverable octets is3.Note that several Japanese mail user agents seem to parse the challenge message as Japanese string.That is,’>’may be considered as the part of the next previous character.Do not include0x00(NULL),0x0a(LF),’<’and’>’.APOP string must not include0x00(NULL),0x0a(LF),’<’and’>’.For these strings,we have not tried intelligent countermeasures.If these strings are included in the message after message modiﬁcation,we choose other random message.6ConclusionThis paper shows an attack against a challenge-and-response protocol whose challenge is based on MD5(m k),where m is random string whose length is9variable and k is a secret key,utilizing the collision tractable property in MD5. The attack can be applicable to APOP and recovers theﬁrst three octets of pass-word using several hundred queries under the man-in-the-middle environment. The result implies that the collision property in hash function does not only inﬂuence the security against digital signature,but also challenge-and-response protocols.We should be aware of the risk using collision tractable hash function such as MD5even if the usage of the hash function does not seem to depend on the collision resistance property.This paper deﬁnes the new properties regarding hash functions,extendable collision pairs and tail collision pairs.How more vulnerable are other dedicated hash functions than those constructed on the Merkle-Damg˚ard way on these properties is an independent interests.7Work in ProgressThe proposed attack can recover3octets of APOP password.So the question is whether we can recover more octets.The biggest reason that we cannot recover the4th octet is that message diﬀerence(∆M)exists in the MSB of m14.Therefore,to extend the recoverable octets,we need to change the∆M.∆M that is suitable for the APOP attack will have following two properties.1.Execution time for generating tail collision pair is practical.2.The length of tail part can be long,therefore,message diﬀerences exist inonly early part of the message.Wang et al.’s∆M canﬁnd collision within few seconds,but can recover only3 octets.Therefore,there may exist other∆M that is somehow worse than Wang et al.’s in terms ofﬁnding collision,but can recover more octets.However,so far, only one research has existed to analyze the construction method of∆M and diﬀerential path of MD5[2],and no research has been succeeded in constructing collision attack by using diﬀerent∆M from Wang et al.’s.To extend the APOP attack,further study for the construction of∆M and diﬀerential path for MD5 collision attack will be needed.References1.Mihir Bellare.New proofs for NMAC and HMAC:Security without collision-resistance.In Cynthia Dwork,editor,Advances in Cryptology—CRYPTO2006, volume4117of Lecture Notes in Computer Science,pages602–619.Springer-Verlag,Berlin,Heidelberg,New York,2006.2.John Black,Martin Cochran,and Trevor Highland.A study of the MD5attacks:Insights and improvements.In Matthew Robshaw,editor,Fast Software Encryp-tion—13th International Workshop,FSE2006,volume4047of Lecture Notes in Computer Science,pages262–277,Berlin,Heidelberg,New York,2006.Springer-Verlag.103.Scott Contini and Yiqun Lisa Yin.Forgery and partial key-recovery attacks onHMAC and NMAC using hash collisions.In Xuejia Lai and Kefei Chen,editors, Advances in Cryptology—ASIACRYPT2006,volume4284of Lecture Notes in Computer Science,pages37–53.Springer-Verlag,Berlin,Heidelberg,New York, 2006.4.David H.Crocker.Request for Comments822:Standard for ARPA Internet TextMessages.The Internet Engineering Task Force,1982.(/ rfc/rfc822.txt).5.Magnus Daum and Stefan Lucks.Hash collisions(the poisoned message attack).(rmatik.uni-mannheim.de/people/lucks/HashCollisions/), 2005.6.Burton S.Kaliski Jr.and Matthew J.B.Robshaw.Message authentication withMD5.CryptoBytes,1(1):5–8,1995.7.Vlastimil Klima.Tunnels in hash functions:MD5collisions withina minute.(IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive:Report2006/105/2006/105),2006.8.Gaetan Leurent.Message freedom in MD4and MD5collisions:Application toAPOP.FSE2007submission version,2007.9.Jie Liang and Xuejia Lai.Improved collision attack on hash func-tion MD5.(IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive:Report2005/425 /2005/425),2005.10.John G.Myers and Marshall T.Rose.Request for Comments1939(STD53):Post Oﬃce Protocol-Version3.The Internet Engineering Task Force,1996.(/rfc/rfc1939.txt).11.Ronald L.Rivest.Request for Comments1321:The MD5Message Digest Algo-rithm.The Internet Engineering Task Force,1992.(/rfc/ rfc1321.txt).12.Yu Sasaki,Yusuke Naito,Noboru Kunihiro,and Kazuo Ohta.Improved col-lision attack on MD5.(IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive:Report2005/400 /2005/400),2005.13.Yu Sasaki,Yusuke Naito,Noboru Kunihiro,and Kazuo Ohta.Improved collisionattacks on MD4and MD5.IEICE Transactions Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences(Japan),E90-A(1):36–47,2007.(The initial result was announced as[12].).14.Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu.How to break MD5and other hash functions.InRonald Cramer,editor,Advances in Cryptology—EUROCRYPT2005,volume 3494of Lecture Notes in Computer Science,pages19–35.Springer-Verlag,Berlin, Heidelberg,New York,2005.11。

北师大版高中英语必修二《Information Technology》(第7课时)

this is the end of printed books and
books are outdated and dull no longer can it be said that
we like to read
View and learn
Now please read the five lines in reverse.
Printed books cannot meet people’s various reading interests. The market for printed books is dying.
View and learn
Watch Part 1 of the video. Tick (√) the
View and learn
Watch Part 2 of the video. What is the speaker’s opinion of printed books?
Printed books will survive.
View and learn
Watch Part 2 of the video again. What advantages are mentioned?
Information Technology 第7课时
Publishing in the Digital Age Viewing Workshop
Lead in
Lead in
Do you prefer reading printed books or digital books? Do you agree with the saying “this is the end of printed books?” Give your reasons.

2007年12月英语四级作文题及范文

2007年12月英语四级作文题及范文2007年12月英语四级作文题为：The Impact of Internet on People’s Life范文如下：With the rapid development of technology, the Internet has become an indispensable part of people's daily life. The Internet has brought about tremendous changes in the way we work, communicate, shop, and even entertain ourselves. In this essay, I will discuss the impact of the Internet on people's lives.First of all, the Internet has revolutionized the way we work. With the help of the Internet, we can easily access information, communicate with colleagues, and even work remotely. This has not only increased efficiency but also created more opportunities for people to work from home or start their own businesses. For example, many freelancers and digital nomads rely on the Internet to find clients and manage their projects.Secondly, the Internet has transformed the way we communicate. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have made it easier for us to connect with friends and family, no matter where they are in the world. We can share our thoughts, photos, and videos with a click of a button, and keep intouch with loved ones in real time. This has made communication more convenient and immediate than ever before.Furthermore, the Internet has changed the way we shop. Online shopping has become increasingly popular, with more and more people choosing to buy products and services online. This has not only made shopping more convenient but also opened up a world of possibilities for consumers. We can now purchase items from around the globe and have them delivered to our doorstep within days.Finally, the Internet has had a profound impact on the way we entertain ourselves. Streaming services like Netflix, Hulu, and YouTube have made it easier for us to access a wide variety of movies, TV shows, and videos on demand. We can watch our favorite programs anytime, anywhere, and on any device. This has transformed the way we consume media and has led to the rise of binge-watching culture.In conclusion, the Internet has had a significant impact on people's lives in terms of work, communication, shopping, and entertainment. While there are certainly drawbacks to the Internet, such as privacy concerns and online addiction, its benefits far outweigh its disadvantages. The Internet has madeour lives easier, more connected, and more enjoyable, and will continue to shape the way we live in the future.。

新编实用英语第二册unit3课文翻译文

新编实用英语第二册unit3译文A篇通话请按1号键我有手机，有电子邮件，还有有声邮件。

可我为什么还感到如此孤独呢？在通往信息革命的前进道路上发生了一件有趣的事：我们不在互相交谈了。

最近我和一位朋友在公园里散步，突然他的手机响了起来，打断了我们的谈话。

那是一个阳光明媚的日子，他们在那谈啊谈，而我却被遗忘，成了谈话的局外人。

公园里到处是在打手机的人。

他们经过别人身边时，既不抬眼看看，也不打声招呼，更注意不到他们带的孩子，或停下来拍拍他们的小狗。

显然，人们更爱使用这种不受约束的电子声音通话来相互联络。

过去电话是让你同不在身边的人联系的。

可是现在它使你坐在身边的人感到冷落。

最近我与三位朋友一起乘车。

司机嘘了一声，让我们别出声，因为他听不清手机另一端的人在说什么。

我们四位朋友坐在车里，飞驰在高速公路上，却因为有了那个被设计来方便通信的小玩艺儿而不能互相交谈。

为什么我们联系得越多我却越感到失去了联系呢？通讯技术的每一项进步都是人类亲密交往的一次倒退。

有了音特网上的电子邮件和即时通信，我们现在的通信可以不必彼此会面或交谈。

有了有声邮件，你可以进行全部谈话而不必面对任何人。

如果我妈妈有问题问我，我只要把答话留在留言机上就行了。

随着人们之间几乎每一种可以想到的联系都变得自动化起来，疏远指数就上升。

你甚至不再能够给某个人打电话，询问另一个人的电话号码，因为电话咨询服务几乎总是全自动化的。

你在加油站加油吗？既然你可以用信用卡在加油泵旁自动刷卡，免除与人打交道的麻烦，何必还要对加油站的工作人员打招呼呢？你在银行存款吗？既然你可以将信用卡插入取款机提款，何必还要和可能与你同住一个街坊的银行职员说话呢？用不了多久，你就会不必劳神在杂货店里同人对面打交道。

有些超市连锁店正在使用自动扫描仪，你可以自己结账，避开那些令人心烦的店员；他们总是看着你问长问短。

我并不反对自动化，我也有手机，自动取款机卡，有声邮件系统和电子邮件账号。

放弃这些东西并不可取——人们赋予它们的功能太美妙了。

高考英语大一轮复习 Unit 5 Music课时作业新人教版必修2

Unit 5 MusicⅠ.阅读理解[2017·石家庄质检]You use her as a shoulder to cry on.She texts you back with casual jokes.But she，Xiaoice，is only a virtual chatbot.Xiaoice，Microsoft's latest artificial intelligence robot，was briefly released in 2014，and returned to WeChat in 2015，where she_became_a_big_lions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily，The New York Times reported.On WeChat，Xiaoice is an official account.After following it，users can start textbased conversations with Xiaoice.“Xiaoice's i ncredible learning ability is why people love to talk with her，” Liu Jinchang，a researcher at Hightech Research and Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology，told China Daily.Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis (表情符号) in conversations，Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her knowledge from interacting with users，China Daily reported.Chatbot programs first appeared in the mid1960s in the US.Driven by top tech companies，they are becoming smarter and more common.For instance，IBM's latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant at Australia's Deakin University，answering students' questions about course schedules and financial aid.Apple's Siri and Amazon's Alexa have been used as voice assistants who can read news，play music and even make jokes for their users.These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones，into televisions，cars and living rooms，The New York Times pointed out.However，it may take decades before scientists develop a “Samantha”，the advanced chatbot seen in the fiction film Her.In the film，Samantha sparks a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix.Many viewers are enthusiastic about this fantasy of virtual soul mate.1．What does the underlined part “she became a big hit” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．She became a bestseller.B．She became very powerful.C．She became a moneymaker.D．She became very popular.2．Which of the following can Xiaoice do?A．Do the housework.B．Spread messages.C．Identify various photos.D．Read news to its users.3．Which company's chatbot program can act as an academic consultant?A．Microsoft. B．IBM.C．Apple. D．Amazon.4．What can be learned from the last paragraph?A．Chatbots mainly run on smartphones now.B．It'll take decades to apply chatbots to cars.C．Samantha is played by a US actor in the film.D．The film Her doesn't interest many audiences.答案：[解题导语]本文主要讲述了微软官方推出的一款人工智能机器人微软小冰，用户可以与它进行对话交流。

新编实用英语2课后答案

新编实用英语2课后答案第1单元一、填词1 What's you(guideline指导方针)in choosing songs for your audience？2 The(seminar讨论会)starts on Friday and the experts will be discussing the impact of technology on the climate in the future3 Barclays appointed bob Diamond ,the head of its investment banking business,as its new chief(executive主管)from march 20114.Frankly speaking,I cannot（uphold支持）such conduct. You see, it is aimed only at the personal interest5 However just because you can write statements in purely mathematical （notations标记）,this doesn't mean that you necessarily should6 That was good（timing时间选择）because his work was influential in shaping the project plan7 Those studying abroad will most （likely可能） return home for better employment because of the tight job market abroad8 It gives me great pleasure to express once again my deep appreciation for the grand (reception招待)and generous .hospitality we enjoy here 二、汉译英1美国人一班早早的就安排好他们的退休生活Americas usually arrange their retirement well in advance2他们通常被看做最有希望的歌手They are commonly regarded as the most promissing singer3我从你的推荐人那里听说雇主曾给他们打过电话I've heard from your references that employers had call them4请告诉我们的具体时间，以便我们做好适当的准备Please inform us the specific time,so that we can make proper preparation 5我们对出席派对的人数的估计与实际的人数差一大截We show up party to estimate of the number of people with actual to is a large margin6只要不成为阅读的负担，你的报告可以包括足够的细节Your report can include enough details as long as it doesn't become burden to read三、英译汉1、 Although invitations are usually sent through the mail ,informal invitations such as e-mail and phone invitations are becoming more acceptable.尽管邀请通常是通过发送邮件、非正式邀请如电子邮件和电话被邀请成为更可接受的。

2007年12月英语六级真题（含答案）

2007年12月大学英语六级考试真题Part I Writing （30 minutes ）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitledDigital Age . You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用，并举例2. 数字化产品的使用对人工作，学习，生活产生的影响数字化产品的使用对人工作，学习，生活产生的影响Digital Age ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Seven Ways to Save the World Forget the old idea that conserving energy is a form of self-denial — riding bicycles, dimming the lights, and taking fewer showers. These days conservation is all about efficiency: getting the same — or better — results from just a fraction of the energy. When a slump in business travel forced Ulrich Rǒmer to cut cost costs at his family-family-owned hotel in Germany, he replaced hundreds of the hotel’s wasteful light bulbs, getting the same light owned hotel in Germany, he replaced hundreds of the hotel’s wasteful light bulbs, getting the same light for 80 percent less power. He bought a new water boiler with a digitally controlled pump, and wrapped insulation around the pipes. Spending about € 100,000 on these and other improvements, he slashed his € 90,000 fuel and power bill by € 60,000. As a bonus, the hotel’s lower energy needs have reduced its annual carbon emissions by more than 200 metric tons. “For us, saving energy hasbeen very, very profitable,” he says. “And most importantly, we’re not giving up a single comfort for our guests.”Efficiency Efficiency is is is also also also a a a great great great way way way to to to lower lower lower carbon carbon carbon emissions emissions emissions and and and help help help slow slow slow global global global warming. warming. warming. But But But the the the best best argument for efficiency is its cost — or, more precisely, its profitability. That’s because quickly growing energy demand requires immense investment in new supply, not to mention the drain of rising energy prices. No No wonder wonder wonder efficiency efficiency efficiency has has has moved moved moved to to to the the the top top top of of of the the the political political political agenda. agenda. agenda. On On On Jan. Jan. Jan. 10, 10, 10, the the the European European European Union Union unveiled a plan to cut energy use across the continent by 20 percent by 2020. Last March, China imposed a 20 percent increase in energy efficiency by 2020. Even George W. Bush, the Texas oilman, is expected to talk about energy conversation in his State of the Union speech this week. The good news is that the world is full of proven, cheap ways to save energy. Here are the seven that could have the biggest impact: Insulate Space heating and cooling eats up 36 percent of all the world’s energy. There’s virtually no limit to how much of that can be saved, as prototype “zero -energy homes” in Switzerland and Germany have shown. There’s been a surge in new ways of keeping heat in and cold out (or vice versa). The most advanced insulation follows the law of of increasing increasing returns: if you add enough, enough, you you can can scale scale down or even even eliminate eliminate heating and air-conditioning equipment, lowering costs even before you start saving on utility bills. Studies have shown that green workplaces (ones that don’t constantly need to have the heat or air -conditioner running) have higher worker productivity and lower sick rates. Change Bulbs Lighting eats up 20 percent of the world’s electricity, or the equivalent of roughly 600,000 tons of coal a day. Forty percent of that powers old-fashioned incandescent light bulbs — a 19th-century technology that wastes most of the power it consumes on unwanted heat. Compact fluorescent lamps, or CFLs, not only use 75 to 80 percent less electricity than incandescent bulbs to generate the same amount of light, but they also last 10 times longer. Phasing old bulbs out by 2030 would save the output of 650 power plants and avoid the release of 700 million tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year. Comfort Zone Water Water boilers, boilers, boilers, space space space heaters heaters heaters and and and air air air conditioners conditioners conditioners have have have been been been notoriously notoriously notoriously inefficient. inefficient. inefficient. The The The heat heat heat pump pump pump has has altered altered that that that equation. equation. equation. It It It removes removes removes heat heat heat from from from the the the air air air outside outside outside or or or the the the ground below ground below and and uses uses uses it it to to supply supply supply heat heat heat to to to a a building or its water supply. In the summer, the system can be reversed to cool building as well. Most new residential buildings in Sweden are already heated with ground-source heat pumps. Such systems consume consume almost almost almost no no no conventional conventional conventional fuel fuel fuel at at at all. all. all. Several Several Several countries countries countries have have have used used used subsidies subsidies subsidies to to to jump-start jump-start jump-start the the the market, market, including Japan, where almost 1 million heat pumps have been installed in the past two years to heat water for showers and hot tubs. Remake Factories From steel mills to paper factories, industry eats up about a third of the world’s energy. The opportunities to save are vast. In Ludwigshafen, German chemicals giant BASF runs an interconnected complex of more than 200 chemical factories, where heat produced by one chemical process is used to power the next. At the Ludwigshafen site site alone, alone, alone, such such such recycling recycling recycling of of heat heat and and and energy energy energy saves saves saves the the the company company company € € € 200 200 200 million million million a a year year and and and almost almost almost half half half its its its CO CO 2emissions. emissions. Now Now Now BASF BASF BASF is is is doing doing doing the the the same same same for for for new new new plants plants plants in in in China. China. China. ““Optimizing (优化) ) energy energy energy efficiency efficiency efficiency is is is a a decisive competitive advantage, ” says BASF CEO Jǔrgen Hambrecht.Green DrivingA A quarter quarter quarter of of of the the the world’s world’s world’s energy energy energy —— including including two two two thirds thirds thirds of of of the the the annual annual annual production production production of of of oil oil oil —— is is used used used for for transportation. Some savings come free of charge: you can boost fuel efficiency by 6 percent simply by keeping your car’s tires properly inflated (充气充气). Gasoline-electric h ybrid hybrid (混合型混合型) models like the Toyota Prius improve mileage by a further 20 percent over conventional models. A Better FridgeMore than half of all residential power goes into running household appliances ，producing a fifth of the wo world’s rld’s rld’s carbon carbon carbon emissions. emissions. emissions. And And And that’s that’s that’s true true true even even even though though though manufacturers manufacturers manufacturers have have have already already already hiked hiked hiked the the the efficiency efficiency efficiency of of refrigerators refrigerators and and and other other other white white white goods goods goods by by by as as as much much much as as as 70 70 70 percent percent percent since since since the the the 1980s. 1980s. 1980s. According According According to to to an an an International International Energy Agency study, if consumers chose those models that would save them the most money over the life of the appliance, they’d cut global residential power consumption and their utility bills by 43 percent.Flexible PaymentWho says you have to pay for all your conservation investment ？“Energy service contractors” will pay for retrofitting (翻折改造翻折改造) in return for a share of the client’s annual utility-bill savings. In Beijing, Shenwu Thermal Energy Technology Co. specializes in retrofitting China’s steel furnaces. Shenwu puts up the initial investm ent to install install a a a heat heat heat exchanger exchanger exchanger that that that preheats preheats preheats the the the air air air going going going into into into the the the furnace furnace ，slashing slashing the the the client’s client’s client’s fuel fuel fuel costs . costs . Shenwu pockets a cut of those savings, so both Shenwu and the client profit. If saving energy is so easy and profitable, why isn’t everyone doing it? It has to do with psychology and a lack of information. Most of us tend to look at today’s price tag more than tomorrow’s potential savings. That holds double for the landlord or developer, who won’t actually see a penny of the savings his investm ent in better insulation or a better heating system might generate. In many people’s minds, conservation is still associated with self-denial. Many environmentalistsstill push that view. Smart governments can help push the market in the right direction. T he EU’s 1994 law on labeling was such a success that it extended the same idea to entire buildings last year. To boost the market value of efficiency, all new new buildings buildings buildings are are are required required required to to to have have have an an an “energy “energy “energy pass” pass” pass” detailing detailing detailing power power power and and and heating heating heating consumption. consumption. consumption. Countrie Countrie Countries s s like like Japan Japan and and and Germany Germany Germany have have have successively successively successively tightened tightened tightened building building building codes, codes, codes, requiring requiring requiring an an an increase increase increase in in in insulation insulation insulation levels levels levels but but leaving it up to builders to decide how to meet them. The most powerful incentives, of course, will come from the market itself. Over the past year, sky-high fuel prices have focused minds on efficiency like never before. Ever-increasing pressure to cut costs has finally forced more companies to do some math on their energy use. Will it be enough? With global demand and emissions rising so fast, we may not have any choice but to try. Efficient technology is here now, proven and cheap. Compared with all other options, it’s the biggest, easiest and most profitable bang for the buck. 1. What is said to be the best way to conserve energy nowadays? [A] Raising efficiently. [B] Cutting unnecessary costs. [C] Finding alternative resources [D] Sacrificing some personal comforts. 2. What does the European Union plan to do? [A] Diversify energy supply. [B] Cut energy consumption. [C] Reduce carbon emissions. [D] Raise production efficiency. 3. If you add enough insulation to your house, you may be able to _______. [A] improve your work environment [B] cut your utility bills by half. [C] get rid of air-conditioners [D] enjoy much better health 4. How much of the power consumed by incandescent bulbs is converted into light? [A] A small portion. [B] Some 40 percent [C] Almost half. [D] 75 to 80 percent. 5. Some countries have tired to jump-start the market of heat pumps by_________. [A] upgrading the equipment [B] encouraging investments [C] implementing high-tech [D] providing subsidies 6. German chemicals giant BASF saves € 200 million a year by_________. [A] recycling heat and energy [B] setting up factories in China [C] using the newest technology [D] reducing the CO 2 emissions of its plants 7. Global residential power consumption can be cut by 43 percent if________. [A] we increase the insulation of walls and water pipes [B] we choose simpler models of electrical appliances [C] we cut down on the use of refrigerators and other white goods [D] we choose the most efficient models of refrigerators and other white goods 8. Ene rgy service contractors profit by taking a part of clients’__________.9. Many environmentalists maintain the view that conservation has much to do with___________. 10. The strongest incentive energy conservation will drive from_____________. Part IV Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth ）（25 minutes ）Section ADirections:In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Men, these days, are embracing fatherhood with the round-the-clock involvement their partners have always dreamed dreamed of of of —— handling handling night night night feedings, feedings, feedings, packing packing packing lunches lunches lunches and and and bandaging bandaging bandaging knees. knees. knees. But But But unlike unlike unlike women, women, women, many many many find find they they’’re negotiating their new roles with little support or information. “Men in my generation (aged 25-40) have a fear of becoming dads because we have no role models,” says Jon Smith, a writer. They often find themselves excluded from mothers ’ support networks, and are eyed warily (警觉地) on the playground. The challenge is particularly evident in the work-place. There, men are still expected to be breadwinners climbing the corporate ladder: traditionally-minded bosses are often unsympathetic to family needs. In Denmark most new fathers only take two weeks of paternity leave (父亲的陪产假) — even though they are allowed 34 days. As much as if not more so than women, fathers struggle to be taken seriously when they request 47. Unlike women, men often get little support or information from . 48. Besides supporting the family, men were also expected to . will be . 50. When Maring was on paternity leave, he was allowed by his company to work with . whose only job is to serve them. 52. The author was disappointed to find that _______.[A] one’s position is used as a gauge to measure one’s intelligence[B] talented people like her should fail to get a respectable job [C] one’s occupation affects the way one is treated as a person[D] professionals tend to look down upon manual workers 53. What does the author intend to say by the example in the second paragraph?[A] Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them. [B] People absorbed in a phone conversation tend to be absent-minded. [C] Waitresses are often treated by customers as casual acquaintances. [D] Some customers like to make loud complaints for no reason at all. 54. How did the author feel when waiting tables at the age of 19?[A] She felt it unfair to be treated as a mere servant by professional. [B] She felt badly hurt when her customers regarded her as a peon. [C] She was embarrassed each time her customers joked with her. [D] She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior. 55. What does the author imply by saying “…many of my customers didn’t get the difference betweenserver and servant”(Lines 3-4, Para.7)?[A] Those who cater to others’ needs are destined to be looked down upon.[B] Those working in the service industry shouldn’t be treated as servants.[C] Those serving others have to put up with rough treatment to earn a living. [D] The majority of customers tend to look on a servant as server nowadays. 56. The author says she’ll one day take her clients to dinner in order to ________.[A] see what kind of person they are [B] experience the feeling of being served [C] show her generosity towards people inferior to her [D] arouse their sympathy for people living a humble life Passage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.What’s What’s hot hot hot for for for 2007 2007 2007 among among among the the the very very very rich? rich? rich? A A A $7.3million $7.3million $7.3million diamond diamond diamond ring. ring. ring. A A A trip trip trip to to Tanzania Tanzania to to to hunt hunt hunt wild wild animals. Oh, and income inequality. Sure, some leftish billionaires like George Soros have been railing against income inequality for years. But increasingly, centrist and right-wing billionaires are staring to worry about income inequality and the fate of the middle class. In December, Mortimer Zuckerman wrote a column in U.S. News & World Report, which he owns. “our nation’s core bargain with the middle class is disintegrating,” lamented (哀叹) the 117th -richest man in America. “Most “Most of of of our our our economic economic economic gains gains gains have have have gone gone gone to people to people at at the the the very very very top top top of of of the the the income income income ladder. Average ladder. Average income income for a for a household of people of wor king age, by contrast, has fallen five years in a raw.” He noted that “Tens of millions of Americans live in fear that a major health problem can reduce them to bankrupt cy.”Wilbur Ross Jr. has echoed Zuckerman’s anger over the bitter struggles faced by middle -class Americans. “It’s “It’s an an an outrage outrage outrage that that that any any any American’s American’s American’s life life life expectancy expectancy expectancy should should should be be be shortened shortened shortened simply simply simply because because because the the the company company company they they worked for went bankrupt and ended health-care coverage,” said the former chairman of the International Steel Group. What’s happening? The very rich are just as trendy as you and I, and can be so when it comes to politics and policy. Given the recent change of control in Congress, the popularity of measures like increasing the minimum wage, and efforts by Ca lifornia’s governor to offer universal health care, these guys don’t need their own personal ttingen to give In 1915 Einstein made a trip to Gö62 －63 64 time, a new scientific anxiety was about to 65 . He was 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 up 73 come up 74 himself into a month-long frantic endeavor in 75 he 76 that he 77 78 79 formulation of it. Einstein also took time off from 80 81 答案：答案：快速阅读快速阅读1 A) Raising efficiency 2 B) Cut energy consumption 3 C) Get rid of air-conditioners 4 A) A small proportion (新东方选B) Some forty percent 错) 5 D) Providing subsidies 6 A) Recycling heat and energy 7 D) We choose the most efficient models of refrigerators and other white goods 8 annual utility-bill savings. 9 self-denial. 10 the market itself. 阅读简答阅读简答47 from mother’s support network.48 climb the corporate ladder. 49 taken seriously. 50 at home. / in a home office 51 stress. 阅读Section B 52 C One’s occupationaffects the way one is treated as a person.53 A Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them. 54 D She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior. 55 B Those working in the service industry shouldn’t be treated as servants.56 A See what kind of person they are. 57 C The inequality in the distribution of wealth. 58 C The American nation is becoming more and more divided despite its wealth 59 B The very rich are politically sensitive. 60 C They want to gain support for global economics’ integration.61 D Foreign countries will place the same economic barriers in return. 完形完形62.C) out 63.A) convince 64.C) Amid 65.B) emerge 66.C) describe 67.A) ones 68.D) through 69.B) realized 70.A) pursuing 71.D) competitive 72.B) horror 73.C) with 74.A) threw 75.D) which 76.C) rushed 77.A) successive 78.C) though 79.D) furiously 80.B) about 81.A) curious 翻译翻译82 our communication would not have been so rapid and convenient 83 nothing is more helpful than a sense of humor 84 but (he) refused to make further explanation( for doing so)/ to further explain why 85 while animal behavior depends mainly upon (on) their instinct(s) 86 should he lie to the court 。

2007text2英语一 -回复

2007text2英语一-回复The Impact of Social Media on Society[In recent years, the rise of social media platforms has revolutionized the way we communicate and interact with one another. This article aims to explore the profound impact of social media on various aspects of society.]IntroductionSocial media has become an integral part of our lives, transforming the way we connect, share information, and access news. As platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube continue to dominate our digital landscape, it is crucial to examine the far-reaching effects they have on society: from interpersonal relationships to politics, from business to mental health.Enhanced ConnectivityOne of the most apparent benefits of social media is its ability to connect individuals across different time zones, countries, and continents. The accessibility to instant messaging, video calls, andgroup chats has made it easier than ever to stay in touch with family and friends, regardless of their physical location. In addition, social media has also facilitated the formation of online communities, allowing like-minded individuals to connect and support one another, irrespective of geographical limitations.Information DistributionSocial media platforms have transformed the way we consume and distribute news and information. Traditional media outlets are no longer the sole gatekeepers of knowledge. With a simple click or tap, users can access breaking news, diverse perspectives, and real-time updates from around the world. This democratization of information has given rise to citizen journalism, allowing ordinary individuals to report and share news in real-time, often challenging the narratives presented by mainstream media.Business and MarketingSocial media has become an indispensable tool for businesses and marketers. Companies can now reach a vast and diverse audience through targeted advertising, influencer collaborations, andengaging content. This has not only leveled the playing field for small businesses but has also allowed for more personalized and tailored marketing strategies. Social media platforms have also facilitated direct communication between businesses and customers, enabling quick feedback and resolution of issues.Politics and ActivismThe influence of social media in the realm of politics and activism cannot be overstated. Platforms like Twitter have become the virtual town halls of the 21st century. Politicians, activists, and citizens alike use social media to share their thoughts, mobilize support, and raise awareness about various issues. Social media has played a key role in facilitating political conversations, organizing protests, and amplifying marginalized voices, creating a new space for social and political discourse.Mental Health and Well-beingWhile social media offers numerous benefits, it also poses several challenges, particularly in terms of mental health and well-being. The constant exposure to carefully curated and filtered content canlead to feelings of inadequacy and comparison. The pressure to project a perfect image online, coupled with cyberbullying and online harassment, can have detrimental effects on one'sself-esteem and mental health. It is crucial to be mindful of the impact social media can have on our well-being and find a healthy balance between digital and real-life interactions.ConclusionIn conclusion, social media has had a profound impact on society, revolutionizing the way we connect, share information, and engage politically. Its transformative power is evident in enhanced connectivity, information distribution, business and marketing strategies, as well as political activism. However, we must also recognize the potential negative effects on mental health and well-being. Therefore, it is crucial to embrace the benefits while navigating the challenges, ensuring a healthy and responsible use of social media in our daily lives.。

2007广东高考英语作文

2007广东高考英语作文In the modern era, the Internet has become an integral part of our daily lives, transforming the way we communicate, learn, work, and entertain ourselves. The Internet has not only brought the world closer but also opened up a plethora of opportunities for personal and professional growth.First and foremost, the Internet has revolutionized communication. With the advent of social media platforms, email, and instant messaging services, staying in touch with friends and family has become easier than ever before. People can now share their experiences, thoughts, and emotions in real-time, regardless of geographical barriers.Furthermore, the Internet has become an indispensable toolfor education. Online courses, webinars, and educational forums have made learning accessible to anyone with an internet connection. Students can now access a wealth of knowledge and resources that were previously unavailable, allowing them to broaden their horizons and pursue their interests.In the professional sphere, the Internet has transformed the way businesses operate. Remote work has become a viable option for many, thanks to the Internet's ability to connect people across the globe. Companies can now collaborate with partners and clients in different time zones, streamlining operations and increasing productivity.Entertainment, too, has been greatly influenced by the Internet. Online streaming platforms have made it possiblefor individuals to enjoy movies, music, and games from the comfort of their homes. Moreover, the Internet has given rise to a new generation of content creators, who can share their work with a global audience.However, with these benefits come certain challenges. The Internet has also been a breeding ground for misinformation, cyberbullying, and privacy concerns. It is crucial that we remain vigilant and responsible users of this powerful tool.In conclusion, the Internet has undoubtedly had a profound impact on our daily lives. As we continue to embrace its advantages, we must also be mindful of the potential pitfalls and strive to use the Internet in a way that enriches our lives and the lives of others.。

2007年11月成人本科学位英语全真试卷

[真题] 2007年11月成人本科学位英语全真试卷Reading Comprehension Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished .statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than jobholders. An investigation shows that whenever the unemployment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increases by 2%. All this comes down to one point: work is helpful to health,Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. (76) <u>Many high achievers who love their careers feel that they are happiest when they are working hard.</u> Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By work people come into with each other. By collective activity they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him ill.Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his writing or a doctor successfully operates on a patient or a teacher sees his students grow, they are happy beyond words.__77) <u>From the above we can come to the conclusion that the more you work the happier and healthier you will be.</u> Let us work hard and study and live a happy and healthy life.第1题：The underlined word "average" in Paragraph 1 means ______.A.healthyzyC.ordinaryD.poor参考答案：C 您的答案：答案解析：这道题属于词汇细节题，考查在句子语境中对词汇的理解。

高中英语作文《探讨人工智能的应用》

高中英语作文《探讨人工智能的应用》Title: Exploring the Applications of Artificial IntelligenceArtificial intelligence (AI) has become an increasingly important part of our daily lives, and its applications are rapidly expanding across various fields.In this essay, we will explore some of the most significant applications of AI and its potential impact on society.One of the most obvious applications of AI is in the field of technology, where it is used to power virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa, as well as recommendation systems on platforms such as Netflix and Amazon.These technologies use natural language processing and machine learning to understand and respond to human commands, making our lives easier and more convenient.AI is also making significant strides in the medical field, where it is used to diagnose diseases, develop new treatments, and personalize healthcare plans for patients.Machine learning algorithms can analyze large amounts of medical data to identify patterns and make predictions, which can help doctors and researchers make more accurate diagnoses and develop more effective treatments.Furthermore, AI is being used to improve transportation and infrastructure.Self-driving cars, for example, use AI to navigate roads and react to their environment, potentially reducing accidents and traffic congestion.AI can also be used to optimize energy consumption inbuildings and cities, making them more sustainable and efficient.In addition to these practical applications, AI is also being used to create new forms of art and entertainment.AI-generated music, paintings, and even movies are becoming increasingly sophisticated, challenging traditional notions of creativity and authorship.However, the rise of AI also raises important ethical and social questions.As AI becomes more advanced, there is a risk that it could replace human workers in various industries, leading to job displacement and increased income inequality.There is also a risk that AI could be used for malicious purposes, such as creating fake news or conducting cyberattacks.In conclusion, the applications of AI are diverse and wide-ranging, and its potential benefits are significant.However, it is important that we carefully consider the ethical and social implications of AI and work to ensure that its development and use are guided by principles of fairness, transparency, and accountability.Only by doing so can we maximize the benefits of AI while minimizing its potential drawbacks.。

成都2024年11版小学三年级第一次英语第3单元期中试卷

成都2024年11版小学三年级英语第3单元期中试卷考试时间：90分钟（总分:120）A卷考试人：_________题号一二三总分得分一、选择题(共计20题，共40分)1、选择题：What do you call a story that is made up?A. FictionB. Non-fictionC. BiographyD. History2、What is the process of making food from plants and sunlight called?A. DigestionB. PhotosynthesisC. RespirationD. Evaporation3、What is the capital of Japan?A. SeoulB. BeijingC. TokyoD. Bangkok4、选择题：What do we call a person who runs a business?A. EmployeeB. EmployerC. ManagerD. Boss5、What do we call the study of the universe beyond Earth?A. BiologyB. AstronomyC. GeologyD. MeteorologyWhat is the name of the fairy in Peter Pan?A. CinderellaB. TinkerbellC. JasmineD. Ariel7、What do you call a person who helps people?A. TeacherB. DoctorC. ChefD. Scientist8、Which part of the body helps us to see?A. EarsB. EyesC. NoseD. Mouth9、选择题：Which animal is known for its long neck?A. ElephantB. GiraffeC. LionD. Bear10、What is the capital of Peru?A. LimaB. SantiagoC. BogotaD. Quito11、选择题：What is the color of grass?A. BlueB. RedC. GreenD. Yellow12、选择题：What do we call a place where you can see many butterflies?A. GardenB. ConservatoryC. Butterfly houseD. All of the aboveWhat planet do we live on?A. MarsB. EarthC. VenusD. Jupiter14、How many hearts does an octopus have?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four15、Which animal is known for its ability to change colors?A. ChameleonB. ElephantC. Polar BearD. Gorilla16、What do you use to write?A. PaintB. PencilC. BrushD. Clay17、What is the opposite of 'old'?A. AncientB. YoungC. AdultD. Elderly18、What do you call a small piece of paper with information on it?A. NoteB. CardC. LetterD. Page19、What is the main ingredient in salad?A. VegetablesB. FruitC. MeatD. Grains20、What is the capital of Thailand?A. BangkokB. PhuketC. Chiang MaiD. Pattaya二、听力题(共计20题，共40分)1、听力题：The process of a solid turning into a gas is called _______.2、听力题：My friend is a ______. He enjoys writing scripts.3、听力题：Metals are typically _______ conductors of electricity.4、听力题：The _____ can be used to navigate at sea.5、听力题：I like to _______ (play) the drums.6、听力题：Sugar dissolves in __________.7、听力题：A volcano can create new land when it erupts ______.8、听力题：I have a ___ (friend/sibling) who loves to draw.9、听力题：A reaction that absorbs heat is called an ______ reaction.10、听力题：I have ___ (four/five) friends at school.11、听力题：A hydrophobic substance repels ______.12、听力题：I can ________ my toys.13、听力题：A __________ is a tool used to measure length.We will _______ (decorating) the tree for Christmas.15、听力题：The Magna Carta was signed in ________.16、听力题：My sister is a ______. She loves to interview people.17、听力题：The Earth's surface is shaped by both natural and ______ factors.18、听力题：We need to _____ (buy/sell) more fruits.19、听力题：The __________ is a region known for its folklore.20、听力题：I find _____ (乐趣) in reading.三、填空题(共计20题，共10分)1、填空题：The garden is full of colorful _______ that bloom.2、填空题：________ (植物栖息地) is essential for wildlife.3、填空题：Did you see the _____ (小猫) stretching out?4、填空题：The _______ (Women's Suffrage Movement) fought for women's right to vote.5、填空题：I want to learn ________ (新语言).6、填空题：The __________ (历史的延续性) ensures legacy.7、填空题：I like to decorate my ________ (玩具名) with stickers and paint.We celebrate _______ together.9、填空题：The ______ (成熟) of fruit indicates it's ready to eat.10、填空题：The ________ is a symbol of love.11、填空题：The ______ (鸟) chirps happily in the trees.12、填空题：We have a ______ (特别的) picnic planned.13、填空题：Trees help clean the ______ (空气).14、填空题：The desert is very ________ (干燥).15、填空题：My sister enjoys __________ (写作) her own stories.16、填空题：The antelope runs very ______ (快).17、填空题：The __________ (文化遗产) is valuable to us.18、填空题：The sky is _______ today.19、填空题：My favorite _____ is a colorful bird.20、填空题：My favorite _____ (plant) is a sunflower.。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

Analytical source: Gene Phifer, Gartner Research; Publication Date: 12 October 2005/ID Number: G00132930 Gartner 10/12/05
9
SOA on your terms and our expertise
动态的提供基于可选，开放，灵活的门户和工作环境
自然，直觉，可适应的用户体验自然，直觉，
客户
富客户端
基于角色流程驱动上下文相关
浏览器
员工
安全的复合应用或复合视图，聚集并提供与业务流程上下文相关的 Portlets形式的各种服务
移动终端
合作伙伴/供应商
10
SOA on your terms and our expertise
SOA on your terms and our expertise
使用SOA信息信息Services，提高运营的优化－使用信息，实时能见度，实时能见度，从而降低业务风险使用SOA提高获取信息和访问系统的灵活性－提高获取信息和访问系统的灵活性使用将数据与业务实际和问题直接关联起来创新催化剂－驱动对业务深层次的洞察力来产生新的解决问题的方法和处理流程的改进意见
• 跨越不同应用的业务流程不能很好集成 • 难以支持跨组织业务流程的IT功能集成 • 没有单点登陆，不能提供基于角色的信息或应用
业务和IT的受益
– 业务流程将可以根据给定的任务或角色进行统一的精心剪裁 – 自由的改变IT资源的配置，不对用户的使用习惯造成负面影响 – 对于快速变化的业务需求，以渐进的方式适应自如
业务适应力
需要超人来帮你适应业务的变化么？
想想，如果你的业务可以如此柔性…
3
SOA on your terms and our expertise
SOA通过更容易的集成－帮助降低业务成本
没有 SOA 集成通过刚性的 “hardwiring” 完成
有 SOA 集成通过模块化的“松耦合” 集成通过模块化的“松耦合”的方式完成。方式完成。
Dashboard Framework
Portlet Factory Tooling
Rapid App Dev (RAD) Service-oriented architecture Integration Extensions including Domino Profiling engine
16
资产重用
以上面这种结构为基础，做个新的东西出来该是何等快捷！新的应用马上上线…… 不过请等我把旧的拆下来。.
5
SOA on your terms and our expertise
SOA通过提供高质，简明，易管理性－降低业务风险
没有 SOA 复杂性和刚性总是产生风险。复杂性和刚性总是产生风险。
8
SOA on your terms and our expertise
“企业门户”代表着第一个紧迫的SOA项目
“Through 2007, an enterprise portal will be
the first major application of SOA concepts for more than 50 percent of enterprises (0.6 probability).”
SOA on your terms and our expertise
将信息与人员结合以产生业务仪表板
过去
IT 导向的仪表板
SOA用户界面Services: Dashboards
现在
业务仪表板
实时协作
使用 SOA
灵活的SOA信息信息灵活的 Services
监控关键流程
业务驱动：业务驱动：
以IT为立足点，对基础架构进行优化和增效：性能费用管理
2
4
7
5
SOA on your terms and our expertise
“以人员为中心的协作”的入口
直觉式适应式的使用体验
如何识别入口
– 业务需求/痛苦的地方
• 完成一个流程所牵涉的应用数量过多 • 业务流程被信息收集工作所耗费的时间拖累 • 参与业务流程的不同人员需要不同类型的访问
– IT需求/痛苦的地方
大幅提高WebSphere Portal Version 6.0的部署速度
Available Dashboards Executive Sales
Workplace Dashboards
Alerting Charting Reusable Design Components Business User Configuration Common Administration
帮助提高组织生产力和运营效率
– – – – – – 增强的IBM Workplace Web Content Management 借助IBM Workplace Forms (e-forms) 的强大功能飞出菜单和页面导航对拖拽的支持增强的搜索工具内置对MS Windows及MS Office的整合能力
12
SOA on your terms and our expertise
在人机界面层次提供流程互动
提供工作流驱动的丰富的复合应用
客户保险业务员 Web Service 贷款服务订单
流程实例发票 Task 3 报价 Task 1 Task 2 接受设计 Task 4 支付 Task 5 提供服务 Task 6
复合应用的SOA基础
帮助组织快速应对变化
– 与 IBM WebSphere Portlet Factory集成 – 通过支持AJAX提供引人注目的用户体验
容易使用的复合应用模版
– – – – 具备轻易定制界面的灵活性Flexibility to easily customize interfaces 崭新的工作流建模工具 Portlet调色板和增强的Portlets 重用关键资产
15
SOA on your terms and our ertlet Factory
加速: Portlet Factory通过提供快速开发能力加速 WebSphere Portal 的部署敏捷: 帮助各种规模的组织建立动态的门户方案，并且在市场条件不同时，很容易的跟进变化巩固: 通过提供引人注目的价值增强了 : IBM SOA工具集的整体优势
eHR Composite products Syndicated Rates Customer Relation Management
…
ERP Information Sales Force Automation Management Dashboards
安全的复合应用或复合视图，聚集并提供与业务流程上下文相关的Portlets形式的各种服务
Portal的演进
接入和整合
应用部署框架
浏览器接入
智能，智能，创新的多种形式使用体验
IT导向和控制
“管辖下的自治区”
业务导向
紧耦合和整合
可重用，动态，可重用，动态，个性化的服务
11
SOA on your terms and our expertise
动态提供关键的互动服务
Presence Awareness Instant Messaging Workflows
18
SOA on your terms and our expertise
IBM Lotus Notes / Domino 8
开放，可扩展的SOA协作客户端
下一代的 Notes & Domino
– 扩展你的技术能力并使之延伸至新的其他领域……
• 加入对新的标准的支持 (e.g. Eclipse platform)
Coming Soon
– 服务器管理技术可以根据您的业务进行剪裁 – 强大的扩展能力
将Notes协作平台的独特能力进一步扩展 Notes
增强的用户体验－复合应用 Java/Eclipse 开发选项活动核心的计算模式生产力工具 (Word processing, spreadsheets, and presentations) – Mail, Calendar, and Contacts – – – –
自然，直觉，自然，直觉，可适应的用户体验
Communication
Services
Business Alerts e-Mail Document Management E-Learning
E-Forms Content Management Collaboration
基于角色流程驱动上下文相关
更容易集成
这种集成如何通过重新配置来重新使用？
在这种结构中，增加或者减少模块将是何等的容易！
4
SOA on your terms and our expertise
SOA通过鼓励重用－提高资产利用率
没有 SOA
有 SOA
应用不得不被“撕裂与替代” 应用不得不被“撕裂与替代”。新的服务可以通过利用已有资产来灵活的生成。产来灵活的生成。
业务流程更佳
IT的组织方式是基础架构的组合的组织方式是基础架构的组合
业务服务，例如……
”查阅病历“
“预订一个航班”
应用硬件网络
“开具一个银行账户”
2
SOA on your terms and our expertise
SOA通过提供更加灵活的架构－提高业务的适应力
没有 SOA IT 不能轻易赶上来自客户、伙伴和竞不能轻易赶上来自客户、争对手的快速变化。争对手的快速变化。有 SOA IT对业务需求的变化具备适应对业务需求的变化具备适应性和反应能力。性和反应能力。