【精编】2018-2019学年上学期好教育云平台高一第一次月考仿真卷(B卷) 物理 教师版
2018-2019学年上学期高一第一次月考仿真卷(B卷) 数学
12018-2019学年上学期高一第一次月考仿真卷数学(B )(范围:必修一集合、函数的概念与性质)注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置.2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效.3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内.写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效.4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交.第Ⅰ卷一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.[2018·福州四中]设集合{|4},M x x a =≥ ) A .a M ∈ B .a M ∉ C .{}a M ∈ D .{}a M ∉【答案】B【解析】4a M ∉ ,故选B .2.[2018·洛阳联考]已知集合{}0,1,2A =,{}1,B m =,若B A ⊆,则实数m 的值是( ) A .0 B .2 C .0或2 D .0或1或2【答案】C【解析】当0m =时,{}1,0B =,满足B A ⊆;当2m =时,{}1,2B =,满足B A ⊆; 所以0m =或2m =,所以实数m 的值是0或2,故选C .3.[2018·平罗中学]已知R U =,{|12}M x x =-≤≤,{|3}N x x =≤,则()U C M N = ( ) A .{|123}x x x <-<≤或 B .{|23}x x <≤ C .{|123}x x x ≤-≤≤或 D .{|23}x x ≤≤【答案】A 【解析】由题意得C {|12}U M x x x =<->或,()C {|123}U M N x x x =<-<≤ 或,故选A .4.[2018·大庆实验中学]若()22f x x x =-,则()()()1f f f =( ) A .1 B .2C .3D .4【答案】C【解析】由()22f x x x =-,可得()1121f =-=-;所以()()()11123f f f =-=+=;()()()()13963f f f f ==-=,故选C .5.[2018·官渡一中]已知()f x 的定义域为[]2,2-,则()g x 的定义域为( )A B .()1,-+∞CD 【答案】A【解析】212 210x x -≤-≤>⎧⎨⎩+,则A . 6.[2018·天水一中]函数[]22,0,3y x x x =-∈的值域为( ) A .[]0,3 B .[]1,3 C .[]1,0- D .[]1,3-【答案】D【解析】()22211y x x x =-=-- ,∴对称轴为1x =,抛物线开口向上, ∵03x ≤≤,∴当1x =时,min 1y =-,∵1-距离对称轴远, ∴当3x =时,max 3y =,∴13y -≤≤,故选D .7.[2018·江南十校]若()43f x x =-,()()21g x f x -=,则()2g =( ) A .9 B .17C .2D .3【答案】D【解析】()43f x x =-,()()2143g x f x x -==-,令21t x =-,则,则()22213g =⨯-=,故选D . 8.[2018·武威八中]若()()22 22x f x x f x x -⎧+<⎪=⎨≥⎪⎩,则3()f -的值为( )A .2B .8C .12D .18【答案】D此卷只装订不密封班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号2【解析】由题得()()()311()3f f f f =-==-=3311228-==,故选D . 9.[2018·襄阳四中]已知偶函数()f x 在区间[)0,+∞上单调递增,的x 的取值范围是( ) ABCD【答案】B【解析】由函数()f x 为偶函数可知,原不等式等价于∵函数()f x 在区间[)0,+∞上单调递增,∴B .10.[2018·临高二中[]1,2上的最小值为( )A .1-B .0C .1D .3【答案】B【解析】[]1,2上单调递增,所以当1x =时,函数有最小值,且最小值为min 110y =-=,故选B .11.[2018·滁州中学]设,,a b c 为实数,()()()2f x x a x bx c =+++,()()()211g x ax cx bx =+++. 记集合(){|0,R}S x f x x ==∈,(){|0,R}T x g x x ==∈.若S ,T 分别为集合S ,T 的元素个数,则下列结论不可能的是( ) A .1S =且0T = B .1S =且1T = C .2S =且2T =D .2S =且3T =【答案】D【解析】若0a =,则()2{|0}S x x x b x c =++=,2{|10}T x cx bx =++=,当2T =时,3S =,当1T =时,2S =,若0T =,则1S =;当0a ≠时,若3T =,则3S =,若2T =,则2S =或3,若1T =,则1S =或2. 只有D 不可能.故选D .12.[2018·广州期末]定义在R 的函数()f x ,已知()2y f x =+是奇函数,当2x >时,()f x 单调递增,若124x x +>且()()12220x x -⋅-<,且()()12f x f x +值( ). A .恒大于0B .恒小于0C .可正可负D .可能为0【答案】A【解析】由()2y f x =+是奇函数,所以()y f x =图像关于点()2,0对称, 当2x >时,()f x 单调递增,所以当2x <时单调递增,由()()12220x x -⋅-<, 可得12x <,22x >,由124x x +>可知1222x x ->-, 结合函数对称性可知()()120f x f x +>.故选A .第Ⅱ卷二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分.13.[2018·北师附中]已知集合{|1} A x x =≤,{|} B x x a =≥,且R A B = ,则实数a 的取值范围__________.【答案】(],1-∞ 【解析】用数轴表示集合A ,B ,若R A B = ,则1a ≤,即实数a 的取值范围是(],1-∞. 故答案为(],1-∞.14.[2018·宜昌一中]方程()210x p x q --+=的解集为A ,方程()210x q x p +-+=的解集为B , 已知{}2A B =- ,则A B = _______________. 【答案】{}2,1,1--【解析】由{}2A B =- ,将2x =-代入得42204220p q q p +-+=-++⎧⎨⎩=解得2 2p q =-=⎧⎨⎩ 则方程()210x p x q --+=可以化简为2320x x ++=,11x =-,22x =-方程()210x q x p +-+=可以化简为220x x +-=,11x =,22x =-,所以{}2,1,1A B =--315.[2018·青冈一中] ()21f x ax ax =+-在R 上满足()0f x <,则a 的取值范围________. 【答案】(]4,0-【解析】当0a =时,10f x =-<()成立;当0a ≠时,f x ()为二次函数, ∵在R 上满足0f x <(),∴二次函数的图象开口向下,且与x 轴没有交点, 即0a <,240a a ∆=+<,解得:40a -<<, 综上,a 的取值范围是40a -<≤.故答案为(]4,0-.16.[2018·西城三五中]已知函数()f x 错误!未找到引用源。
【精编】2018-2019学年上学期高一期中考试仿真卷(B卷)+化学+教师版最新版
2018-2019学年上学期 教育云平台高一期中考试仿真测试卷化 学(B )注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
相对原子质量:H ∶1 C ∶12 N ∶14 O ∶16 Na ∶23 S ∶32 Cl ∶35.5 K ∶39 Fe ∶56 Mn ∶55 Ba ∶137第I 卷(选择题,共48分)一、选择题(每小题3分,共48分,每小题只有一个选项符合题意) 1.下列说法不正确的是A .《黄白第十大》中“曾青涂铁,铁赤如铜”主要发生了置换反应B .唐代《真元妙道要略》中有云“以硫磺、雄黄合硝石并蜜烧之,焰起烧手、面及屋舍者”,描述了硫磺熏制过程C .《本草纲目》中“用浓酒和糟入甑,蒸令气上,用器承滴露”,利用到蒸馏D .“所在山洋,冬月地上有霜,扫取以水淋汁后,乃煎炼而成”过程包括了溶解、蒸发、结晶等操作【答案】B【解析】A .曾青除铁,铁赤如铜,发生反应离子方程式铁与铜离子反应生成二价铁离子,属于置换反应,故A 正确;B .黑火药是由木炭粉(C)、硫磺(S)和硝石(KNO 3)按一定比例配制而成,由题意可知,题中描述的是制备黑火药的过程,故B 错误;C .蒸令气上,则利用互溶混合物的沸点差异分离,则该法为蒸馏,故C 正确;D .KNO 3溶解度随温度变化大,提纯的方法是利用溶解后,煎炼得之主要利用蒸发结晶,故D 正确;故选D 。
2.将下列各种液体分别与溴水混合并振荡,静置后混合液分为两层,溴水层几乎无色的是 A .苯 B .酒精 C .碘化钾溶液 D .水 【答案】A【解析】A .苯和水不互溶且溴在苯中的溶解度大于水中的溶解度,苯和溴不反应,所以苯能萃取溴,使溴水层几乎无色,A 正确;B .酒精和水互溶,所以不能萃取溴,B 错误;C .溴和碘化钾发生置换反应,C 错误;D .加入水后,溶剂不变,液体不分层,D 错误;答案选A 。
2018届好教育云平台高三年级第一次模拟考试)仿真卷英语试题 (B)解析版
2018届好教育云平台高三年级第一次模拟考试)仿真卷英语试题(B)第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30 分)(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A(四川省南充市2018届高三一诊)30 November 2017,Serbian tennis player Novak Djokovic defeated Scottish Andy Murray 6-1, 7-5,7-6in the Australian Open 2017 final to win the Grand Slam event (大满贯) for the sixth time. Murray has lost five Australian Open finals, facing Djokovic in all but one of them.Djokovic dominated the first set, winning 6-1 in just half an hour. He served seven aces (得分的发球) in total in the match. Murray fought back in the second set, which went up to twelve games lasting for 80 minutes. It was the longest set and Murray had nine aces, twelve in total for the match. Djokovic had 41 unforced err ors, compared to Murray’s 65.The third set lasted for 63 minutes and at 6-6 it went to a tie breaker, which Djokovic won 7--3, to win the eleventh Grand Slam title of his career.Djokovic has now equaled the record of Roy Emerson winning six Australian Opens. Djokovic after the match said,” Andy, you are a great champion and friend. I’m sure you’ll have more opportunities to fight for this trophy”. Murray congratulated Djokovic, saying “I feel like I’ve been here before. Congratulations, Novak. Six Australian Opens is an incredible feat(业绩). The last year has been incredible. Good job.” He also left a message for his wife Kim Sears, “I’ll be on the next flight home.” The couple is expecting a baby.Yesterday, Jamie Murray, Andy Murray’s elder brother,won th e Australian Open Men’s doubles with Bruno Soares. Andy Murray was there in the audience, recording his brothersspeech, to which Jamie said, “Andy, you should be in bed!”21. On 30 November 2017 Djokovic beat Murray for the ________ time, and won Australian Open Final 2017.A. 5thB. 6thC. 4thD. 11th【答案】C【解析】2017年11月30日Djokovic在澳大利亚公开赛决赛中战胜Murray第六次赢得澳网大满贯。
2018届好教育云平台高三第一次模拟考试(一模)仿真卷(B卷)文科数学-教师版
2018届好教育云平台高三第一次模拟考试仿真卷文科数学(B )注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.[2018·石家庄质检]已知命题:12p x -<<,2:lo g 1q x<,则p 是q 成立的( )条件.A .充分不必要B .必要不充分C .既不充分有不必要D .充要【答案】B 【解析】2:lo g 102q x x <⇒<<,因为()()0,21,2⊂-,所以p 是q 成立的必要不充分条件,选B .2.[2018·黄山一模]已知复数11iz a =+,232iz =+,a ∈R ,i 是虚数单位,若12z z ⋅是实数,则a =( )A .23-B .13-C .13D .23【答案】A 【解析】复数11iz a =+,232i z =+,()()()()121i 32i 32i 3i 23223i z z a a a a a ⋅=++=++-=-++.若12z z ⋅是实数,则230a+=,解得23a=-.故选A .3.[2018·长春一模]下列函数中既是偶函数又在()0,+∞上单调递增的函数是( )A .()22x xf x -=- B .()21f x x =-C .()12lo g f x x=D .()sin f x x x=【答案】B【解析】A 是奇函数,故不满足条件;B 是偶函数,且在()0,+∞上单调递增,故满足条件;C 是偶函数,在()0,+∞上单调递减,不满足条件;D 是偶函数但是在()0,+∞上不单调.故答案为B .4.[2018·天一大联考]已知变量x ,y 之间满足线性相关关系 1.31ˆyx =-,且x ,y 之间的相关数据如下表所示:则m=( )A .0.8B .1.8C .0.6D .1.6【答案】B 【解析】,代入线性回归方程为 1.31ˆy x =-,可得0.1 3.144 2.25m ∴+++=⨯, 1.8m∴=,故选B .5.[2018·乌鲁木齐一模]若变量x ,y 满足约束条件0340x y x y x y +⎧⎪-⎨⎪+-⎩≥≥≤,则32x y+的最大值是( )A .0B .2C .5D .6【答案】C【解析】绘制不等式组表示的平面区域如图所示,结合目标函数的几何意义可知:目标函数在点()1,1A 处取得最大值,m a x3231215z x y =+=⨯+⨯=.本题选C .6.[2018·常德期末]已知等差数列{}n a 的公差和首项都不为0,且124a a a 、、成等比数列,此卷只装订不密封班级 姓名准考证号 考场号 座位号则1143a a a +=( )A .2B .3C .5D .7【答案】C【解析】由124a a a 、、成等比数列得2214a a a =,()()21113a d a a d∴+=+,21da d∴=,d ≠,1d a ∴=C .7.[2018·宁德一模]我国古代数学名著《孙子算经》中有如下问题:“今有三女,长女五日一归,中女四日一归,少女三日一归.问:三女何日相会?”意思是:“一家出嫁的三个女儿中,大女儿每五天回一次娘家,二女儿每四天回一次娘家,小女儿每三天回一次娘家.三个女儿从娘家同一天走后,至少再隔多少天三人再次相会?”假如回娘家当天均回夫家,若当地风俗正月初二都要回娘家,则从正月初三算起的一百天内,有女儿回娘家的天数有( ) A .58 B .59C .60D .61【答案】C【解析】小女儿、二女儿和大女儿回娘家的天数分别是33,25,20,小女儿和二女儿、小女儿和大女儿、二女儿和大女儿回娘家的天数分别是8,6,5,三个女儿同时回娘家的天数是1,所以有女儿在娘家的天数是:33+25+20-(8+6+5)+1=60. 故选C .8.[2018·福州质检]如图,网格纸上小正方形的边长为1,粗线画出的是某多面体的三视图,则该多面体的表面积为( )A.2+B.2+C.2+D.8+【答案】A【解析】由三视图可知,该多面体是如图所示的三棱锥PA B C-,其中三棱锥的高为2,底面为等腰直角三角形,直角边长为2,表面积为A .9.[2018·汕头期末])A .()f xB .()f xC .()f xD .()f x【答案】D【解析】∵函数()f x又0πθ<<,∴,∴()2sin 2f x x=-.对于选项A ,C 时,()20,πx ∈,故函数不单调,A,C 不正确;对于选项B ,D()fx 单调递增,故D 正确.选D .10.[2018·西城期末]已知A ,B 是函数2xy=的图象上的相异两点,若点A ,B 到直线12y =的距离相等,则点A ,B 的横坐标之和的取值范围是( )A .(),1-∞-B .(),2-∞-C .()1,-+∞D .()2,-+∞【答案】B 【解析】设(),2aA a ,(),2bB b ,则112222ab-=-,因为ab≠,所以221ab+=,由基本不等式有222ab+>⨯,故21⨯<,所以2a b +<-,选B .11.[2018·乐山联考]已知一个三棱锥的六条棱的长分别为1,1,1,1a ,且长为a) A12B.12C6D6【答案】A【解析】如图所示,三棱锥A B C D-中,A Da=,B C=1A B A C B D C D ====,则该三棱锥为满足题意的三棱锥,将B C D △看作底面,则当平面A B C ⊥平面B C D 时,该三棱锥的体积有最大值,此时三棱锥的高2h=,△BCD是等腰直角三角形,则1132212⨯⨯=.本题选择A 选项.12.[2018·闽侯四中]已知双曲线22221x y ab-=(0,0)a b >>的左、右两个焦点分别为1F ,2F ,A ,B 为其左右顶点,以线段1F ,2F 为直径的圆与双曲线的渐近线在第一象限的交点为M,且30M A B∠=︒,则双曲线的离心率为( ) A.2B.3C.3D.2【答案】B 【解析】双曲线22221x y ab-=的渐近线方程为b yxa=±,以1F ,2F 为直径的圆的方程为222x yc+=,将直线b yxa=代入圆的方程,可得:xa ==(负的舍去),y b =,即有()M a b ,,又()0A a -,,30M A B ∠=︒,则直线A M 的斜率3k=2b ka=,则()2222343b ac a==-,即有2237c a=B .第Ⅱ卷二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分.13.[2018·丹东一检]△ABC 内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,若2co s 2c B a b =+,则C∠=_________.【答案】120︒【解析】∵2co s 2c Ba b =+,∴222222a c bc a ba c+-⨯=+,即222a b ca b+-=-,∴2221c o s 22a b cCa b+-==-,∴120C=︒.14.[2018·郑州一中]阅读如图的程序框图,运行相应的程序,输出的结果为__________.【答案】138【解析】由题设中提供的算法流程图中的算法程序可知:当1x =,1y =时,220z x y =+=<,1x =,2y =,运算程序依次继续:320z x y =+=<,2x=,3y =;520z x y =+=<,3x =,5y =;820zx y =+=<,5x =,8y =;1320zx y =+=<,8x =,13y =;2120zx y =+=>,138y x=运算程序结束,输出138,应填答案138.15.[2018·乌鲁木齐一模]在A B C △中,22C A C B ==,1C A C B ⋅=-,O 是A B C △的外心,若C O x C A y C B=+,则x y +=______________.【答案】136【解析】由题意可得:120C A B∠=︒,2C A =,1C B =,则:()24C O C A x C A y C B C A x C A y C B C A x y⋅=+⋅=+⋅=-, ()2C O C B x C A y C B C B x C A C B y C Bx y⋅=+⋅=⋅+=-+,如图所示,作O E B C E ⊥=,O DA C D ⊥=, 则21,21122C OCB C B⋅==,136x y +=.16.[2018·长春一模]已知函数()f x 满足()()2f x fx =,且当[)1,2x ∈时()ln f x x=.若在区间[)1,4内,函数()()2g x fx a x =-有两个不同零点,则a 的范围为__________.【解析】()()2fx fx =,()2x fx f ⎛⎫∴= ⎪⎝⎭,当[)2,4x ∈时,,故函数()[)[)ln ,12ln ln 2,24x x f x x x ⎧∈⎪=⎨-∈⎪⎩,,,作函数()f x 与2ya x=的图象如下,过点()4,l n 2ln 28a ∴=,ln ln 2y x =-,1y x'=2e >4x =,故实数a三、解答题:解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.第17~21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答.第22、23为选考题,考生根据要求作答.(一)必考题:60分,每个试题12分. 17.[2018·渭南一模]已知在A B C △中,2B A C=+,且2ca=.(1)求角A ,B ,C 的大小; (2)设数列{}n a满足n 项和为n S ,若20n S =,求n 的值.【答案】(1π3B =,π2C =;(2)4n=或5n =.【解析】(1)由已知2BA C=+,又πA B C ++=,所以2ca=,222c a b=+,(2,*k ∈N ,由2224203k nS +-==,得22264k +=,所以226k+=,所以2k=,所以4n=或5n =.18.[2018·石家庄一检]某学校为了解高三复习效果,从高三第一学期期中考试成绩中随机抽取50名考生的数学成绩,分成6组制成频率分布直方图如图所示:(1)求m的值及这50名同学数学成绩的平均数x;(2)该学校为制定下阶段的复习计划,从成绩在[]130,140的同学中选出3位作为代表进行座谈,若已知成绩在[]130,140的同学中男女比例为2:1,求至少有一名女生参加座谈的概率.【答案】(1)0.008m=(2)()45P A=.【解析】(1)由题()0.0040.0120.0240.040.012101m+++++⨯=,解得0.008m=,1350.012101450.00810121.8⨯⨯+⨯⨯=.(2)由频率分布直方图可知,成绩在[]130,140的同学有0.01210506⨯⨯=(人),由比例可知男生4人,女生2人,记男生分别为A、B、C、D;女生分别为x、y,则从6名同学中选出3人的所有可能如下:ABC、ABD、AB x、AB y、ACD、AC x、AC y、AD x、AD y、BCD、BC x、BC y、BD x、BD y、CD x、CD y、A xy、B xy、C xy、D xy——共20种,其中不含女生的有4种ABC、ABD、ACD、BCD;设:至少有一名女生参加座谈为事件A,则()441205P A=-=.19.[2018·湖北联考]如图,四棱锥V A B C D-中,底面A B C D是边长为2的正方形,其E为A B的中点.(1)在侧棱V C上找一点F,使B F∥平面V D E,并证明你的结论;(2)在(1)的条件下求三棱锥E B D F-的体积.【答案】(1)见解析;(2)6E B D FV-=【解析】(1)F为V C的中点.取C D的中点为H,连B H H F、,A B C D为正方形,E为A B的中点,B E∴平行且等于D H,//B H D E∴,又//F H V D,∴平面//B H F平面V D E,//B F∴平面V D E.(2)F为V C18E B DF F B D E V A B C DV V V---∴==,V A B C D-为正四棱锥,V∴在平面A B C D的射影为A C的中点O,5V A=AO=V O∴=6E B D FV-∴=.20.[2018·闽侯四中]已知椭圆1C:22221x ya b+=(0)a b>>3,焦距为抛物线2C:22x p y=(0)p>的焦点F是椭圆1C的顶点.(1)求1C与2C的标准方程;(2)1C上不同于F的两点P,Q满足0F P F Q⋅=,且直线P Q与2C相切,求F P Q△的面积.。
2018-2019学年下学期好教育高一第一次月考仿真卷(B卷) 语文 学生版
2018-2019学年下学期高一年级第一次月考仿真测试卷语 文 (B )注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷 阅读题一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)(四川川中丘陵地区信息化试点班级2018-2019学年高一期中考)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1-3题。
《红楼梦》中的服饰有一些是汉族历代传承的服饰,但也有很多是清代人的穿着。
黛玉初至荣国府时,见到王熙凤穿着“缕金百蝶穿花大红洋缎窄裉袄,外罩五彩刻丝石青银鼠褂”。
袭人要回家探亲时也是在“桃红百子刻丝银鼠袄子”外,再套上“青缎灰鼠褂”。
徐珂《清稗类钞•服饰》中说:“褂,外衣也,礼服之加于袍外者。
”赵振民《中国衣冠中之满服成分》索性认定:“中国古无‘褂’字盖满制也。
”应该说褂子是清代人对肥大上衣的习惯称谓。
贾宝玉是作者着墨最多、寄托最深的人物之一。
他的服饰特色主要体现在红色上。
初见黛玉时,服饰以红为主色;群芳夜宴时,枕着红香花枕;祭晴雯时,穿着血点般大红裤子:看破红尘出家时,身披“大红猩猩毡的斗篷”。
这是因为红色是最能体现宝玉个性特征和心理状态的颜色。
红色有强烈的视觉效果,具有令人产生激动、热烈的本性和感情的力量,与他热情奔放的性格暗合。
红色也体现了他尊重女性的心理特征。
中国传统文化中,红色常是女性的代名词,古代男子常称其女性好友为“红颜知己”。
宝玉非常推崇、爱慕和关心女性,红色岂不正是他怡悦红颜的绝妙注解?红色还是他反抗封建礼教、追求个性解放的象征。
他虽被视为掌上明珠,却处处受羁绊,恨不能挣脱封建礼教的束缚。
【精编】2018-2019学年上学期好教育云平台高二第一次月考仿真卷(B卷)历史 学生版
专业文档2018-2019学年上学期高二年级第一次月考仿真测试卷历 史 (B )注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷本卷共24个小题,每小题2分,共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.(2018唐县三中月考)“桃园三结义”是罗贯中古典名著《三国演义》中的名篇。
刘备、关羽和张飞三人在涿郡桃园,祭告天地,结为异姓兄弟。
以后他们都忠实地坚守着这个承诺,甚至不惜牺牲自己的性命。
罗贯中笔下的这种思想直接源于 A .“仁政”思想 B .“天人感应”思想 C .宋明理学思想 D .“经世致用”思想2.(2018营口一中月考)有人说,苏格拉底和我国的孔子有若干相似的地方,甚至有人将他比作希腊的孔子,将他的学生柏拉图比作希腊的孟子。
因为从若干的事实对照起来看,苏格拉底和孔子确有不少类似之处。
孔子和苏格拉底思想的主要区别是 A .推崇君主权威 B .肯定人的价值 C .强调知识的作用 D .重视道德的意义3.(2018个旧联考)下图是清代任熊绘制的《老庄像》,画面表现的是“庄生游逍遥,老子守元默”的情形。
“元默”是指()A .“仁政”B .“大一统”C .“无为”D .“齐物”4.(2018中山一中月考)韩非子说:“人臣皆宜其能,胜其官,轻其任,而莫怀余力于心,莫负兼官之责于君。
故内无伏怨之乱,外无马服之患。
明君使事不相干,故莫讼;使士不兼官,故技长;使人不同功,故莫争。
”这一思想可概括为 A .“恩威并施,赏罚并重” B .“唯才是举,选贤任能” C .“专职专任,定位管理” D .“知人善任,用人不疑”5.(2018平泉中学月考)战国末年,吕不韦认为:“老聃贵柔,孔子贵仁,墨翟贵廉,关尹贵清……”又说:“一则治,异则乱。
【精编】2018-2019学年下学期高一第一次月考仿真卷(B) 英语 学生版
绝密 ★ 启用前2018-2019学年下学期好教育云平台高一第一次月考仿真卷英 语 (B )注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
用2B 铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A 后的方框涂黑。
2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分 听力(共两节,满分 30 分)(略)第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A 、B 、C 和D )中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
ALooking for something entertaining to do? Check out some awesome festivals around the world.Koninginnedag — The NetherlandsKoninginnedag or Queen’s Day is a national holiday in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Although thebirthday of the current Queen, Beatrix, is actually during the winter, she has celebrated it on April 30th,thecountry’s official “Queen’s Day” since 1949. Orange is the national color, and the streets become a sea of feather boas(围巾) and body paint as crowds gather in the plazas and on boats in the rivers. Amsterdam isthe center of this outdoor party, with many live music events, but nearly every town is alive with orange onthis day.Thai Elephant Day — Thailand Thai Elephant Day is a national holiday in Thailand. Thai Elephant Day has been celebrated on March13th of every year since 1998. Because the elephant is the national animal of Thailand, it is highlyrespected and treasured. During the festivals elephants are honored during a ceremony in which they are fed bananas, other fruit, and sugarcane. The Fire Festival -Shetland On the last Tuesday in January the entire town of Lerwick, Shetland goes up in flames. At the festival, you’ll find yourself sitting , dancing, or stumbling around the largest bonfire you’ve ever seen in your life. The festival lasts only one day but takes the entire year to plan. Be prepared for an evening of singing, dancing, and fast paced activity, and don’t worry about making it to work the next day -it’s a national holiday! Holi -India Holi, the Festival of Colors, is a Hindu celebration full of joy and one of India’s most important holidays. On the day of the last full moon of the lunar month, usually late February or early March, the air is full of bright-colored powder. The festival is celebrated differently throughout the country, with bonfires and music, but the cheerful spirit is common throughout Hindu communities around the world. 21.What do we know about Koninginnedag? A .It is celebrated on the day of the current Queen’s birthday. B .It is not celebrated outside the city of Amsterdam. C .Everyone must wear orange clothes to celebrate it. D .It has a history of more than sixty years. 22.The festival celebrated on March 13th in Thailand is held to________. A .show people’s respect for their Queen B .show Thai people’s respect for elephants C .ask people to protect endangered animals D .help people relax by singing and dancing 23.Why don’t people have to worry about working the day after the Fire Festival? A .Because people are allowed to sleep at work the next day. B .Because the activities are too simple to get people tired. C .Because people don’t have to go to work the next d ay. D .Because the festival ends very early at night. 24.If you are interested in the Festival of Colors, you should go to________. A .India B .Shetland C .Thailand D .the Netherlands此卷只装订不密封班级姓名准考证号考场号座位号BWho doesn’t want to live life in style? Life is like a road on whic h you never get a chance to return, and is not a very long road either. So we should try to live life to the fullest and enjoy every bit of it.Every individual has unique likings and preferences, and all of us try to live the lives that suit us best. The world is like a painting cloth on which different people with different races, different languages, and different cultural backgrounds interact. But among these, the arts provide an easy and natural way for people to connect.People with a knack for the ar ts usually discover it in childhood. But art isn’t only for the talented; it can help everyone grow. Those with a strong artistic background are often more energetic, and more successful in all fields of life. Art widens the range of a person’s life.Painting is one of the most popular art forms. Those who are interested in taking it up as a career need to go through extensive training to get familiar with the various styles. Professional painters often host art exhibitions, with art lovers from all over the world coming to see and buy their creations. Sometimes the paintings are sold at high prices.Performing arts are equally popular and admired. Dance, instrumental music, drama and so on, require unusual artistic talent as well as a long period of education and training before audiences start to applaud the performances. But anyone with some artistic sense can make art part of his/ her life, and benefit from it.25. People should make the most of life because .A. life is difficult but enjoyable timeB. life is valuable and ordinaryC. life is too short to be wastedD. life is like a road full of tomorrows26. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?A. Different people have different lifestyles.B. Different peoples have different cultures.C. Art can make people happier.D. Art can connect people together27. The underlined word “knack” in Paragraph 3 possibly means “”.A. characterB. abilityC. powerD. favour28. What is the passage mainly about?A. How great artists make a living by selling their works.B. How to live a unique and colorful life.C. How the arts contribute to people’s lives.D. How much performing arts have to do with talent and education.CBuck did not read the newspapers, or he would have known that trouble was coming, not only for himself, but for every big dog, strong of muscle and with long, warm hair in California. Men had found gold in the Yukon, and these men wanted big, strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north.Buck lived at a big house in th e sunkissed Santa Clara valley. Judge Miller’s place, it was called. There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house, and a river nearby. In a big place like this, of course, there were many dogs. There were house dogs and farm dogs, but they were not important. Over this great land Buck ruled. Here he was born and here he had lived the four years of his life. He was not so large—he weighed only one hundred and forty pounds. But he had saved himself by not becoming a mere house dog. Hunting and outdoor delights had kept down the fat and hardened his muscles. He went swimming with Judge Miller’s sons, and walking with his daughters. He carried the grandchildren on his back, and he sat at Judge Miller’s feet in front of the warm library fi re in winter. During the four years, he had a fine pride in himself which came of good living and universal respect. He was king of Judge Miller’s place.But this was 1897, and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to northwest Canada to look f or gold. And he did not know that Manuel, one of the gardener’s helpers, was in bad need of money for his hobby of gambling (赌博) and for his large family. One day, the Judge was at a meeting and the boys were busy organizing an athletic club. No one saw Manuel and Buck go off on what Buck imagined was merely an evening walk. Only one man saw them arrive at the railway station. This man talked to Manuel, and gave him some money. Then Manuel tied a piece of rope around Buck’s neck.Buck had accepted the rope with quiet dignity (自尊).He had learned to trust in men he knew and to give them credit. But when the ends of the rope were placed in the stranger’s hands, Buck roared, and was surprised when the rope tightened around his neck, shutting off his breath. In extreme anger, he jumped at the man. The man caught him and suddenly Buck was thrown over on his back. Then the rope tightened cruelly while Buck struggled, his tongue out of his mouth. Never in all his life had he been so badly treated. Never in all his life had he been so angry. For a few moments he was unable to move, and it was easy for the two men to put him into the train.When Buck woke up, the train was still moving. The man was sitting and watching him, but Buck was too quick for him and he bit the man’s hand hard. Then the rope was pulled again and Buck had to let go.That evening, the man took Buck to the back room of a bar in San Francisco. The barman looked at the man’s hand and trousers covered in blood.“How much are they paying you for this?” he asked.“Only get fifty dollars.”“And the man who stole him—how much did he get?” asked the barman.“A hundred. He wouldn’t take less.”“That makes a hundred and fifty. It’s a good price for a dog like him.”Buck spent that night in a cage-like box. He could not understand what it all meant. What did they want with him, these strange men? And where were Judge Miller and the boys?The next day Buck was carried in the box to the railway station and put on a train to the north.29.What information about Buck does Paragraph 2 suggest?A.He was satisfied with his life and felt proud of himself.B.He won great respect due to his nice figure and strong muscles.C.He was not different from the other dogs in Judge Miller’s place.D.He kept the Millers company to set himself apart from the other dogs.30.Buck burst into anger when ________.A.a rope was tied around his neckB.the rope around his neck was pulled tightC.he was taken away from the MillersD.he was left behind with a stranger31.From the passage we can know that ________.A.the man paid one hundred and fifty dollars for BuckB.Manuel was dying for money and joined in the gold rushC.Buck experienced great pain until he was put into the trainD.strong dogs were in great need for the discovery of gold in Canada32.At the end of the passage we can infer that ________.A.Buck was hopeless about his futureB.Buck got both his body and his pride hurtC.Buck was sure that the Millers would come to his rescueD.Buck realized he was being sent to the north to help people seek goldDResearchers discovered a new snake species (物种) in Madagascar and named it “ghost snake” for its pale grey colour and trick. They studied the snake’s physical characteristics and genetics (遗传学), which showed it is a new species. The researchers Sara Ruane and her workmates from the LSU Museum of Natural Science in Madagascar named it “Madagascarophis lolo”, which means the ghost in Malagasy.The “ghost snake” is part of cat-eyed snakes, which are often found among snakes that are active at night. Many of the cat-eyed snakes are found in developed areas or degraded (退化的) forests; however, the researchers found the “ghost snake” on the national park’s rocks.The researchers were surprised to find the “ghost snake’s” next closest relative is a snake called “Madagascarophis fuchsi”, which was discovered at a site about 100 kilometres north of Ankarana several years ago. Both were found in rocky, isolated (孤立的) areas. “I think what’s exciting and important about this work is that even though the cat-eyed snakes could be one of the most common groups of snakes in Madagascar, there are still new species we don’t know,” Ruane said.Ruane and her workmates discovered the “ghost snake” after hiking for more than 17 miles in the rain from their fie ld site to the Ankarana Park. “It was really hard and a lot of work, but the payoff was big,” Ruane said. Snakes are hard to find under good environments. So these researchers did their fieldwork during the rainy season in Madagascar when snakes and their prey (猎物) were active.After discovering this new species, the researchers returned to the US to do the genetic study. Ruane got DNA from the “ghost snake” and “Madagascarophis fuchsi”.She compared it to decide how similar the new species was to others. And Ruane and her workmates mapped the genetic family tree. All of the researches they did supported this is a new species.33.What is the part reason that the snake is named the “ghost snake”?A.It has eyes that look like a cat’s.B.It’s always active at ni ght.C.It’s very good at learning.D.It has a ghost appearance.34.Why do the researchers work in the wild during the rainy season?A.Because it is the best season in Madagascar.B.Because few snakes attack people in this season.C.Because snakes and their prey are active in this season.D.Because they can find other animals at the same time.35.What’s the researcher’s purpose of doing the genetic study in the last paragraph?A.To map the genetic family tree of animals.B.To write a scientific report on snakes.C.To find more information about this snake’s habit.D.To ensure if the “ghost snake” is a new species.第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分,满分10 分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
【精编】2018-2019学年上学期好教育云平台高二第一次月考仿真卷(B卷)政治 学生版
专业文档 珍贵文档2018-2019学年上学期高二年级第一次月考仿真测试卷 政 治(B )注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷一、选择题(在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的,每小题2分,共48分) 1.下列属于文化现象的是( )①苏仙岭自然风光 ②2017年12月,中央召开经济工作会议③晨练、唱歌、广场舞等社区活动 ④各校举办2018年“元旦文艺晚会”A .①②B .②④C .③④D .②③2.2017年9月13日,历时3天的第十二届北京文博会圆满结束。
文博会期间,共签署文化创意产业的产品交易、艺术品交易、银企合作等协议248个,总金额977.28亿元人民币。
这说明( ) A .文化与经济相互交融 B .文化是经济的物质载体 C .文化为经济发展提供方向保证 D .人们的精神产品源自于物质载体 3.随着互联网的发展,网上书店在一定程度上对实体书店形成冲击。
近年来,书店已不仅仅是卖书的地方,围绕实体书店打造的多样化业态使书店变得更加时尚。
卖创意、卖服装、卖咖啡、办活动……实体书店带给读者的体验日益舒适和丰富,实体书店逐渐回暖。
这体现了( )①文化与经济相互交融 ②文化是一种社会物质力量③文化对经济发展具有促进作用 ④人们在生活中创造和享用文化A .②④B .②③C .①③D .①④4.十九大报告指出,我们必须要高度重视文化建设。
国家之所以高度重视文化建设,从文化与社会的关系来说,是因为( )①文化是由社会的政治与经济决定的②文化对政治与经济有巨大的反作用③文化可以影响人塑造人④文化是一种精神力量,能对社会的发展产生深刻的影响A .①③B .②④C .①④D .②③ 5.2017年4月20日,中国首艘货运飞船“天舟一号”发射圆满成功,这是我国迈向科技强国,实现中华民族伟大复兴的又一重大航天科技成果。
【优质文档】2018-2019学年上学期高一第一次月考仿真卷(B卷)数学
2x 1
1 A . ,3
2
B. 1,
1
C.
,0 0,3
2
1 D. ,3
2
【答案】 A
【解析】
2
x12 ,则
1
x 3 ,即定义域为
2x 1 0
2
1 ,3
,故选 A .
2
6. [2018 ·天水一中 ]函数 y x2 2x , x 0,3 的值域为(
)
A . 0,3
B. 1,3
C. 1,0
D. 1,3
【答案】 D
2 代入得
解得
4 2q 2 p 0
q2
则方程 x2
2
p 1 x q 0 可以化简为 x 3x 2 0 , x1
1 , x2
2
方程 x2 q 1 x p 0 可以化简为 x 2 x 2 0 , x1 1, x2 2 ,所以 A B 2, 1,1
2
15. [2018 青·冈一中 ] f x ax2 ax 1在 R 上满足 f x 0 ,则 a 的取值范围 ________.
A . { x | x 1或 2 x 3}
B. { x | 2 x 3}
C. { x | x 1或 2 x 3}
D. { x | 2 x 3}
【答案】 A
【解析】 由题意得 CU M { x | x 1或x 2} , CU M N { x | x 1或 2 x 3} ,故选 A .
4. [2018 ·大庆实验中学 ]若 f x x2 2x ,则 f f f 1
【答案】 4,0 【解析】 当 a 0 时, (f x) 1 0 成立;当 a 0 时, (f x)为二次函数, ∵在 R 上满足 (f x) 0 ,∴二次函数的图象开口向下,且与 x 轴没有交点, 即 a 0 , a2 4a 0 ,解得: 4 a 0, 综上, a 的取值范围是 4 a 0 .故答案为 4,0 .
【精编】2018-2019学年上学期好教育云平台高三第一次月考仿真卷(B卷)化学(学生版)
专业文档 珍贵文档2018-2019学年下学期高三第一次月考仿真测试卷 化 学(B )注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
相对原子质量:H ∶1 C ∶12 N ∶14 O ∶16 Na ∶23 Al ∶27 S ∶32 Cl ∶35.5一.选择题(本题包括16小题,每小题3分,共48分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
)1.化学与生活密切相关。
下列有关说法错误的是A .用灼烧的方法可以区分蚕丝和人造纤维B .食用油反复加热会产生稠环芳烃等有害物质C .福尔马林可浸制标本,因其可使蛋白质变性的性质D .医用消毒酒精中乙醇的浓度为95%2.下列说法中不正确的是A .氟化银可用于人工降雨B .从海水中获取食盐不需要化学变化C .FeCl 3溶液可用于制作印刷电路板D .绿矾可用来生产铁系列净水剂3.下列说法正确的是A .精密pH 试纸测得某酸溶液的pH 为3.5B .Fe(OH)3胶体和FeSO 4溶液均能产生丁达尔效应C .容量瓶使用前应检漏、润洗D .在日常生活中,化学腐蚀是造成钢铁腐蚀的主要原因4.下列反应中,金属元素被氧化的是A .2FeCl 2+Cl 2===2FeCl 3B .H 2+CuO Cu+H 2OC .Na 2O+H 2O===2NaOHD .2KMnO 4K 2MnO 4+MnO 2+O 2↑5.下列说法不正确的是A .氯气可用于合成药物B .碳酸钠可用于治疗胃酸过多C .高压钠灯常用来广场照明D .镁合金密度小强度大可用于制飞机零部件 6.下列反应的离子方程式的书写正确的是 A .氧化钠投入水中:O 2-+H 2O===2OH - B .FeCl 3溶液与KI 反应:2Fe 3++2KI===2Fe 2++I 2+2K + C .过量硫酸氢铵与氢氧化钡反应:Ba 2++2OH -+SO 2-4+2H +===BaSO 4↓+2H 2O D .过量CO 2通入到NaClO 溶液:H 2O+CO 2+2ClO -===2HClO+ CO 2-3 7.恒温条件下,在体积不变的密闭容器中,有可逆反应X(s)+2Y(g) 2Z(g);△H <0,下列说法—定正确的是 A .0.2mol X 和0.4mol Y 充分反应,Z 的物质的量可能会达到0.35mol B .从容器中移出部分反应物X ,则正反应速率将下降 C .当△H 不变时,反应将达到平衡 D .向反应体系中继续通入足量Y 气体,X 有可能被反应完全 8.设N A 为阿伏加德罗常数的值,下列说法确的是 A .常温下,22g CO 2所含的共用电子对数目为N A B .标准状况下,22.4L NO 与11.2L O 2混合后气体中分子总数小于N A C .将1L 0.1mol·L −1 FeCl 3溶液滴入沸水中,制得的Fe(OH)3胶粒数目为0.1N A D .常温下,1L 0.5mol·L −1 NH 4Cl 溶液与2L 0.25mol·L −1 NH 4Cl 溶液中的NH +4数目相同 9.常温下,下列各组离子在指定溶液中一定能大量共存的是 A .无色透明溶液中:Zn 2+、SO 2-4、NH +4,Cl - B .0.1mol·L −1 NaHCO 3溶液中:Mg 2+、Al 3+、K +、NO -3 C .能使甲基橙变黄的溶液中:Na +,CH 3COO -、MnO -4、Fe 3+ D .c(H +)/c(OH -)=1×1012的溶液中:NO -3、I -、K +、Fe 2+ 10.工业上用铋酸钠(NaBiNO 3)检验溶液中的Mn 2+,反应方程式为:4MnSO 4+10NaBiO 3+14H 2SO 4 ===4NaMnO 4+5Bi 2(SO 4)3+3Na 2SO 4A14。
【精编】2018-2019学年上学期好教育云平台高三第一次月考仿真测试卷(B卷) 生物 教师版
专业文档2018-2019学年上学期高三年级第一次月考仿真测试卷生 物 (B )注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
一、选择题(本题包括25小题,每小题2分,共50分,每小题只有一个选项最符合题意)1.(2017三明一中)关于下列a 、b 、c 、d 四种生物的叙述,不正确的是( )A .a 没有叶绿体,仍能进行光合作用B .恩格尔曼用b 和好氧细菌为材料,发现了光合作用的场所C .c 为兼性厌氧生物,无氧条件下能进行酒精发酵D .a 、b 、c 、d 都能独立繁殖和代谢 【答案】D【解析】a 为蓝藻,是原核生物,细胞中没有叶绿体,但是有与光合作用有关的色素,可以进行光合作用,A 正确;恩格尔曼用水绵和好氧细菌为材料,发现了光合作用的场所是叶绿体,B 正确;酵母菌为兼性厌氧性微生物,有氧条件下进行有氧发酵,无氧条件下进行酒精发酵,C 正确;d 噬菌体是病毒,没有细胞结构,不能独立生存和繁殖,D 错误。
2.(2018武威六中)下列有关组成物质的化学元素的叙述,正确的是( ) A .C 、H 、O 、N 、Fe 、Cu 属于组成细胞的大量元素 B .磷脂分子仅由C 、H 、O 、P 四种元素组成 C .线粒体、核糖体和叶绿体中都含有P D .酶和ATP 都含有N ,但酶一定不含有P 【答案】C【解析】C 、H 、O 、N 、P 、S 、K 、Ca 、Mg 等为大量元素,Fe 、Mn 、Zn 、Cu 等为微量元素。
磷脂分子由C 、H 、O 、N 、P 五种元素组成。
2018-2019学年上学期高一第一次月考仿真卷(B卷) 英语
2018-2019学年上学期高一第一次月考仿真卷英 语 (B )注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
用2B 铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A 后的方框涂黑。
2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分 听力(共两节,满分 30 分)(略) 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分) 第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A 、B 、C 和D )中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AIf you are looking for the place that has everything, there is only one place to visit, and th at’s New York. It’s a whole world in a city.The World of Theater: All of New York is a stage. And it begins with Broadway. Where else can you find so many hit shows in one place? Only in New York!The World of Music: Spend an evening with Beethoven at Lincoln Center. Swing to the great jazz of Greenwich Village. Or rock yourself silly at the hottest dance spots found anywhere.The World of Art: From Rembrandt to Picasso. From Egyptian tombs to Indian teepees. Whatever kind of art you like, you will find it in New York.The World of Fine Dining: Whether it’s roast Beijing duck in Chinatown, lasagna in little Italy, or the finest French coq au vin found everywhere, there is world of great taste waiting for you in New York.The World of Sights: What other city has a Statue (雕塑) of Liberty? A Rockefeller Center? Or a Bronx Zoo? Where else can you take a horse-drawn carriage through Central Park? Only in New York !21. From the text we know that “Rembrandt” is most likely to be the name of a famous . A. actorB. musicianC. cookD. painter22. Which of the following can visitors do only in New York? A. To see the Statue of Liberty. B. To taste the finest French coq au vin. C. To enjoy a Beethoven concert.D. To eat Roast Beijing Duck.23. This passage may be taken from . A. a handbook for English learnersB. a guidebook for foreign travellersC. a pocketbook for businessmenD. a storybook for local readers【答案】21-23 D A B【解析】文章介绍了世界城市纽约的剧院、音乐、艺术、饮食及独特的景观。
2018-2019学年上学期好教育高一数学期中考试仿真卷(B)(解析版附后)
2018-2019学年上学期好教育高一数学期中考试仿真卷(B )(解析版附后)第Ⅰ卷一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.[2018·南昌联考]设集合{}220M x x x =|-->,{}1|128x N x -=≤≤,则M N = ( ) A .(]2,4B .[]1,4C .(]1,4-D .[)4,+∞2.[2018·银川一中]已知函数()()()40 40x x x f x x x x ⎧+<⎪=⎨-≥⎪⎩则该函数零点个数为( )A .4B .3C .2D .13.[2018·华侨中学]函数y =的定义域为( ) A .1,2⎛+∞⎫⎪⎝⎭B .[)1,+∞C .1,12⎛⎤⎥⎝⎦D .(),1-∞4.[2018·樟树中学]已知函数()2211 1x x f x x axx ⎧+<⎪=⎨+≥⎪⎩,若()201f f a =+⎡⎤⎣⎦,则实数a =( )A .1-B .2C .3D .1-或35.[2018·中原名校]函数()()222f x x a x =-+-与()11a g x x -=+,这两个函数在区间[]1,2上都是减函数,则实数a ∈( ) A .()()2,11,2--B .()(]1,01,4-C .()1,2D .(]1,36.[2018·正定县第三中学]已知函数()22f x x =-+,()2log g x x =,则函数()()()·F x f x g x =的图象大致为( )A .B .C .D .7.[2018·黄冈期末]已知函数()210 2204xa x f x x x x ⎧⎛⎫-≤<⎪ ⎪=⎨⎝⎭⎪-+≤≤⎩的值域是[]8,1-,则实数a 的取值范围是( ) A .(],3-∞-B .[)3,0-C .[]3,1--D .{}3-8.[2018·杭州市第二中学]已知01a b <<<,则( ) A .()()111bb a a ->- B .()()211bba a ->- C .()()11aba b +>+D .()()11aba b ->-9.[2018·南靖一中]已知213311ln323a b c ⎛⎫⎛⎫=== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,,,则a b c ,,的大小关系为( )A .a b c >>B .a c b >>C .c a b >>D .c b a >>10.[2018·宜昌市一中]若函数()()20.9log 54f x x x =+-在区间()1,1a a -+上递增,且0.9lg0.92b c ==,,则( ) A .c b a <<B .b c a <<C .a b c <<D .b a c <<11.[2018·棠湖中学]已知函数()53325f x x x =+,若[]2,2x ∃∈-,使得()()20f x x f x k ++-=成立,则实数k 错误!未找到引用源。
2018-2019上学期高一数学好教育期末考试仿真卷(一)解析版附后
2018-2019上学期高一数学好教育期末考试仿真卷(一)解析版附后第Ⅰ卷一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.[2018·芜湖期末]已知集合{}124x A x =<≤,(){}ln 1B x y x ==-,则A B = ( ) A .{}12x x ≤<B .{}12x x <≤C .{}02x x <≤D .{}02x x ≤<2.[2018·长寿一中]圆柱的侧面展开图是边长为2和4的矩形,则圆柱的体积是( ) A .2πB .4πC .8πD .4π或8π3.[2018·广安一诊]已知两个平面垂直,下列命题:①一个平面内的已知直线必垂直于另一个平面内的任意一条直线. ②一个平面内的已知直线必垂直于另一个平面内的无数条直线. ③一个平面内的任一条直线必垂直于另一个平面. 其中错误命题的序号是( ) A .①②B .①③C .②③D .①②③4.[2018·华安一中]如图,'''A B C △是ABC △的直观图,其中''''A B A C =,那么ABC △是( )A .等腰三角形B .钝角三角形C .等腰直角三角形D .直角三角形5.[2018·舒兰一中]函数()()2412f x x a x =--+,在[]1,2-上不单调,则实数a 的取值范围是( ) A .1,4⎛⎫-∞- ⎪⎝⎭B .15,44⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭C .15,44⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦D .5,4⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭6.[2018·赣州期中]直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,若90BAC ∠=︒,1AB AC AA ==,则异面直线1BA 与1AC 所成的角等于( ) A .30︒B .45︒C .60︒D .90︒7.[2018·湛江调研]设m 、n 是两条不同的直线,α、β是两个不同的平面,下列命题中正确的是( )A .n αβ= ,m α⊂,m m n β⇒∥∥B .αβ⊥,m αβ= ,m n n β⊥⇒⊥C .m n ⊥,m α⊂,n βαβ⊂⇒⊥D .m α∥,n α⊂,m n ⇒∥8.[2018·张家界模拟]已知132a -=,141log 5b =,31log 4c =,则( ) A .b c a >> B .a b c >>C .c b a >>D .b a c >>9.[2018·山师附中]函数()()()()1231 ln 1a x ax f x xx ⎧-+<⎪=⎨≥⎪⎩的值域为R ,则实数a 的范围( ) A .(),1-∞-B .1,12⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦C .11,2⎡⎫-⎪⎢⎣⎭D .10,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭10.[2018·甘师附中]某几何体的三视图如右图所示,数量单位为cm ,它的体积是( )A3cm B .39cm 2C3cm D .327cm 211.[2018·青冈实验]如图,平面四边形ABCD 中,1AB AD CD ===,BD =BD CD ⊥,将其沿对角线BD 折成四面体A BCD '-,使平面A BD '⊥平面BCD ,若四面体A BCD '-的顶点在同一个球面上,则该球的表面积为( )A .3πBC .4π D12.[2018·阜蒙二高]如图是一个几何体的平面展开图,其中四边形ABCD 为正方形,PDC △,PBC △,PAB △,PDA △为全等的等边三角形,E 、F 分别为PA 、PD 的中点,在此几何体中,下列结论中错误的为( )A .平面BCD ⊥平面PADB .直线BE 与直线AF 是异面直线C .直线BE 与直线CF 共面D .面PAD 与面PBC 的交线与BC 平行第Ⅱ卷二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分.13.[2018·资阳一诊]已知()104,x x f x x ⎧+≥⎪=⎨<⎪⎩,则()()1f f -=__________.14.[2018·和平区期末]一个由棱锥和半球体组成的几何体,其三视图如图所示,则该几何体的体积为__________.15.[2018·陈经纶中学]在正方形1111ABCD A B C D -中,M ,N 分别在线段1AB ,1BC 上,且AM BN =,以下结论:①1AA MN ⊥;②11AC MN ∥;③MN ∥平面1111A B C D ;④MN 与11AC 异面,其中有可能成立的是__________.16.[2018·北京模拟]如图,在矩形ABCD 中,4AB =,2AD =,E 为边AB 的中点.将ADE △沿DE 翻折,得到四棱锥1A DEBC -.设线段1A C 的中点为M ,在翻折过程中,有下列三个命题: ①总有BM ∥平面1A DE ;②三棱锥1C A DE -; ③存在某个位置,使DE 与1A C 所成的角为90︒. 其中正确的命题是____.(写出所有..正确命题的序号)三、解答题:解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17.(10分)[2018·宜昌期中]已知()()log 1a f x x =+,()()()log 101a g x x a a =->≠且. (1)求函数()()f x g x -的定义域;(2)判断函数()()f x g x -的奇偶性,并予以证明.18.(12分)[2018·宜昌期中](1)求下列代数式值:)11321125lg252lg 1001264-⎛⎫+- ⎪⎝⎭⎛⎫-÷ ⎪⎝⎭,(2)求函数()[]()14231,1x x f x x +=--∈-的最值.19.(12分)[2018·湖北联考]如图,圆柱的底面半径为r ,球的直径与圆柱底面的直径和圆柱的高相等,圆锥的顶点为圆柱上底面的圆心,圆锥的底面是圆柱的下底面. (1)计算圆柱的表面积;(2)计算图中圆锥、球、圆柱的体积比.20.(12分)[2018·临川育人]如图,长方体ABCD A B C D -''''中,AB =AD =2AA '=, (1)求异面直线BC '和AD 所成的角; (2)求证:直线BC '∥平面AD D A ''.21.(12分)[2018·广州二中]如图,三棱柱111ABC A B C -,1A A ⊥底面ABC ,且ABC △为正三角形,D 为AC 中点.(1)求证:直线1AB ∥平面1BC D ; (2)求证:平面1BC D ⊥平面11ACC A ;22.(12分)[2018·芜湖期末]如图,四边形ABCD和ADPQ均是边长为2的正方形,它们所在的平面互相垂直,E,F分别为AB,BC的中点,点M为线段PQ的中点.(1)求证:直线EM∥平面PBD;(2)求点F到平面AEM的距离.2018-2019上学期高一数学好教育期末考试仿真卷(一)解析版第Ⅰ卷一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的. 1.[2018·芜湖期末]已知集合{}124x A x =<≤,(){}ln 1B x y x ==-,则A B = ( ) A .{}12x x ≤< B .{}12x x <≤C .{}02x x <≤D .{}02x x ≤<【答案】B【解析】{}(]1240,2x A x =<≤=,(){}()ln 11,B x y x ==-=+∞, 所以{}12A B x x =<≤ ,故选B .2.[2018·长寿一中]圆柱的侧面展开图是边长为2和4的矩形,则圆柱的体积是( ) A .2πB .4πC .8πD .4π或8π【答案】D【解析】圆柱的侧面展开图是边长为2与4的矩形,当母线为4时,圆柱的底面半径是1π,此时圆柱体积是2π=144ππ⎛⎫⨯ ⎪⎝⎭⨯;当母线为2时,圆柱的底面半径是2π,此时圆柱的体积是2π=282ππ⎛⎫⨯ ⎪⎝⎭⨯,综上所求圆柱的体积是4π或8π,故选D . 3.[2018·广安一诊]已知两个平面垂直,下列命题:①一个平面内的已知直线必垂直于另一个平面内的任意一条直线. ②一个平面内的已知直线必垂直于另一个平面内的无数条直线. ③一个平面内的任一条直线必垂直于另一个平面. 其中错误命题的序号是( ) A .①② B .①③C .②③D .①②③【答案】B【解析】如果两个平面垂直,则:①,若一个平面内的已知直线与交线垂直,则垂直于另一个平面的任意一条直线,故①不成立;②,一个平面内的已知直线必垂直于另一个平面内的无数条与该平面垂直的直线,故②成立; ③,若一个平面内的任一条直线不与交线垂直,则不垂直于另一个平面,故③不成立, 故选B .4.[2018·华安一中]如图,'''A B C △是ABC △的直观图,其中''''A B A C =,那么ABC △是( )A .等腰三角形B .钝角三角形C .等腰直角三角形D .直角三角形【答案】D【解析】因为水平放置的ABC △的直观图中,45x O y '''∠=︒,A B A C ='''',且A B x '''∥,A C y '''∥,所以AB AC ⊥,AB AC ≠,所以ABC △是直角三角形,故选D .5.[2018·舒兰一中]函数()()2412f x x a x =--+,在[]1,2-上不单调,则实数a 的取值范围是( ) A .1,4⎛⎫-∞- ⎪⎝⎭B .15,44⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭C .15,44⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦D .5,4⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭【答案】B【解析】由题意,二次函数()()2412f x x a x =--+的开口向上,对称轴的方程为412a x -=, 又因为函数()f x 在区间[]1,2-上不是单调函数,所以41122a --<<,解得1544a -<<, 即实数a 的取值范围是15,44⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,故选B .6.[2018·赣州期中]直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,若90BAC ∠=︒,1AB AC AA ==,则异面直线1BA 与1AC 所成的角等于( ) A .30︒ B .45︒C .60︒D .90︒【答案】C【解析】延长CA 到D ,使得AD AC =,则11ADA C 为平行四边形,1DA B ∠就是异面直线1BA 与1AC 所成的角,又11A D A B DB ===,则三角形1A DB 为等边三角形,∴160DA B ∠=︒,故选C .7.[2018·湛江调研]设m 、n 是两条不同的直线,α、β是两个不同的平面,下列命题中正确的是( ) A .n αβ= ,m α⊂,m m n β⇒∥∥ B .αβ⊥,m αβ= ,m n n β⊥⇒⊥ C .m n ⊥,m α⊂,n βαβ⊂⇒⊥ D .m α∥,n α⊂,m n ⇒∥ 【答案】A【解析】对于A ,根据线面平行性质定理即可得A 选项正确;对于B ,当αβ⊥,m αβ= 时,若n m ⊥,n α⊂,则n β⊥,但题目中无条件n α⊂, 故B 不一定成立;对于C ,若m n ⊥,m α⊂,n β⊂,则α与β相交或平行,故C 错误; 对于D ,若m α∥,n α⊂,则m 与n 平行或异面,则D 错误,故选A . 8.[2018·张家界模拟]已知132a -=,141log 5b =,31log 4c =,则( ) A .b c a >> B .a b c >>C .c b a >>D .b a c >>【答案】D 【解析】1030221a -=<<= ,114411log log 154b =>=,331log log 104c =<=,b a c ∴>>, 故答案为D .9.[2018·山师附中]函数()()()()1231 ln 1a x ax f x xx ⎧-+<⎪=⎨≥⎪⎩的值域为R ,则实数a 的范围( ) A .(),1-∞- B .1,12⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦C .11,2⎡⎫-⎪⎢⎣⎭D .10,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭【答案】C【解析】因为函数()()()()1231 ln 1a x ax f x xx ⎧-+<⎪=⎨≥⎪⎩的值域为R , 所以()1201230a a a ->-+≥⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩,解得112a -≤<,故选C .10.[2018·甘师附中]某几何体的三视图如右图所示,数量单位为cm ,它的体积是( )A 3cmB .39cm 2C 3cmD .327cm 2【答案】C【解析】根据三视图可将其还原为如下直观图,13V S h =⋅()1124332=⨯⨯+⨯=C .11.[2018·青冈实验]如图,平面四边形ABCD 中,1AB AD CD ===,BD =BD CD ⊥,将其沿对角线BD 折成四面体A BCD '-,使平面A BD '⊥平面BCD ,若四面体A BCD '-的顶点在同一个球面上,则该球的表面积为( )A .3πBC .4πD 【答案】A【解析】设BC 的中点是E ,连接DE ,A E ',因为1AB AD ==,BD =BA AD ⊥, 又因为BD CD ⊥,即三角形BCD 为直角三角形,所以DE 为球体的半径,DE =24π3πS ==⎝⎭,故选A .12.[2018·阜蒙二高]如图是一个几何体的平面展开图,其中四边形ABCD 为正方形,PDC △,PBC △,PAB △,PDA △为全等的等边三角形,E 、F 分别为PA 、PD 的中点,在此几何体中,下列结论中错误的为( )A .平面BCD ⊥平面PADB .直线BE 与直线AF 是异面直线C .直线BE 与直线CF 共面D .面PAD 与面PBC 的交线与BC 平行【答案】A 【解析】由展开图恢复原几何体如图所示:折起后围成的几何体是正四棱锥,每个侧面都不与底面垂直,∴A 不正确;由点A 不在平面EFCB 内,直线BE 不经过点F ,根据异面直线的定义可知: 直线BE 与直线AF 异面,所以B 正确; 在PAD △中,由PE EA =,PF FD =,根据三角形的中位线定理可得EF AD ∥,又AD BC ∥,EF BC ∴∥, 故直线BE 与直线CF 共面,所以C 正确;BC AD ∥,BC ∴∥面PAD ,由线面平行的性质可知面PAD 与面PBC 的交线与BC 平行,∴D 正确,故选A .第Ⅱ卷二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分.13.[2018·资阳一诊]已知()104,x x f x x ⎧+≥⎪=⎨<⎪⎩,则()()1f f -=__________.【答案】32【解析】由题意,函数()104,0x x f x x ⎧≥⎪=⎨<⎪⎩,所以()11144f --==,所以()()131142f f f ⎛⎫-=== ⎪⎝⎭. 14.[2018·和平区期末]一个由棱锥和半球体组成的几何体,其三视图如图所示,则该几何体的体积为__________.【答案】42π33+ 【解析】由三视图可得,该几何体是一个组合体,其上半部分是一个四棱锥,四棱锥的底面是一个对角线长度为2的菱形,高为2, 其体积为1114222323V ⎛⎫=⨯⨯⨯⨯= ⎪⎝⎭,下半部分是半个球,球的半径1R =,其体积为22142π1π233V =⨯⨯⨯=,据此可得,该几何体的体积为1242π33V V V =+=+. 15.[2018·陈经纶中学]在正方形1111ABCD A B C D -中,M ,N 分别在线段1AB ,1BC 上,且AM BN =,以下结论: ①1AA MN ⊥; ②11AC MN ∥;③MN ∥平面1111A B C D ;④MN 与11AC 异面,其中有可能成立的是__________.【答案】①②③④ 【解析】当M ,N 分别是线段1AB ,1BC 的中点时,连结11A B ,11AC ,则M 为1A B 的中点, ∵在11AC B △中,M ,N 分别为1A B 和1BC 的中点,∴11MN AC ∥,故②有可能成立, ∵11MN AC ∥,MN ⊄平面1111A B C D ,11AC ⊂平面1111A B C D ,∴MN ∥平面1111A B C D , 故③有可能成立,∵1AA ⊥平面1111A B C D ,11AC ⊂平面1111A B C D ,∴111AA AC ⊥,又11MN AC ∥,∴1AA MN ⊥, 故①有可能成立.当M 与A 重合,N 与B 重合时,MN 与11AC 异面,故④有可能成立,综上所述,结论中有可能成立的是①②③④,故答案为①②③④.16.[2018·北京模拟]如图,在矩形ABCD 中,4AB =,2AD =,E 为边AB 的中点.将ADE △沿DE 翻折,得到四棱锥1A DEBC -.设线段1A C 的中点为M ,在翻折过程中,有下列三个命题: ①总有BM ∥平面1A DE ;②三棱锥1C A DE -; ③存在某个位置,使DE 与1A C 所成的角为90︒.其中正确的命题是____.(写出所有..正确命题的序号)【答案】①②【解析】取DC 的中点为F ,连结FM ,FB ,可得1MF A D ∥,FB DE ∥, 可得平面MBF ∥平面1A DE ,所以BM ∥平面1A DE ,所以①正确; 当平面1A DE 与底面ABCD 垂直时,三棱锥1C A DE -体积取得最大值,最大值为1111223232AD AE EC ⨯⨯⨯=⨯⨯⨯⨯存在某个位置,使DE 与1A C 所成的角为90︒.因为DE EC ⊥,所以DE ⊥平面1A EC , 可得1DE A E ⊥,即AE DE ⊥,矛盾,所以③不正确; 故答案为①②.三、解答题:解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17.(10分)[2018·宜昌期中]已知()()log 1a f x x =+,()()()log 101a g x x a a =->≠且. (1)求函数()()f x g x -的定义域;(2)判断函数()()f x g x -的奇偶性,并予以证明. 【答案】(1)()1,1-;(2)奇函数.【解析】(1)由于()()log 1a f x x =+,()()log 1a g x x =-, 故()()()()1log 1log 1log 1a a a xf xg x x x x+--=-=+-,由1010x x +>->⎧⎨⎩,求得11x -<<,故函数的定义域为()1,1-.(2)由于()()()()1log 1log 1log 1a a a xf xg x x x x+--=-=+-,它的定义域为()1,1-, 令()()()h x f x g x =-, 可得()()11log log 11aa x xh x h x x x-+-==-=-+-,故函数()()()h x f x g x =-为奇函数. 18.(12分)[2018·宜昌期中](1)求下列代数式值:)11321125lg252lg 1001264-⎛⎫+- ⎪⎝⎭⎛⎫-÷ ⎪⎝⎭,(2)求函数()[]()14231,1x x f x x +=--∈-的最值. 【答案】(1)25(2)()max 3f x =-,()min 4f x =-. 【解析】(1)()13132215lg25lg 10144-⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫-÷+- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭()42lg10010155=÷+-=. (2)[]1,1x ∈- ,12,22x ⎡⎤∴∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,令1222x t t ⎛⎫=≤≤ ⎪⎝⎭原函数可变为()()222314f t t t t =--=--,当1t =时()min 4f x =-,当2t =时()max 3f x =-.19.(12分)[2018·湖北联考]如图,圆柱的底面半径为r ,球的直径与圆柱底面的直径和圆柱的高相等,圆锥的顶点为圆柱上底面的圆心,圆锥的底面是圆柱的下底面. (1)计算圆柱的表面积;(2)计算图中圆锥、球、圆柱的体积比.【答案】(1)26πr ;(2)1:2:3.【解析】(1)已知圆柱的底面半径为r ,则圆柱和圆锥的高为2h r =,圆锥和球的底面半径为r ,则圆柱的表面积为2222π4π6πS r r r =⨯+=圆柱表.(2)由(1)知2312π2π33V r r r =⨯=圆锥,23π22πV r r r =⨯=圆柱,34π3V r =球,333:::24ππ2π1:2::333V V V r r r ==圆锥球圆柱.20.(12分)[2018·临川育人]如图,长方体ABCD A B C D -''''中,AB =AD =2AA '=, (1)求异面直线BC '和AD 所成的角; (2)求证:直线BC '∥平面AD D A ''.【答案】(1)异面直线BC '和AD 所成的角为30︒.(2)证明见解析.【解析】(1)解:∵长方体ABCD A B C D -''''中,AD BC ∥,∴CBC ∠'是异面直线BC '和AD 所成的角,∵长方体ABCD A B C D -''''中,AB =AD =2AA '=,CC BC '⊥,∴tan CBC ∠'=,∴30CBC ∠'=︒, ∴异面直线BC '和AD 所成的角为30︒. (2)解:证明:连结AD ',∵长方体ABCD A B C D -''''中,AD BC ''∥,又AD '⊂平面AD D A '',BC '⊄平面AD D A '',∴直线BC '∥平面AD D A ''.21.(12分)[2018·广州二中]如图,三棱柱111ABC A B C -,1A A ⊥底面ABC ,且ABC △为正三角形,D 为AC 中点.(1)求证:直线1AB ∥平面1BC D ; (2)求证:平面1BC D ⊥平面11ACC A ;【答案】(1)见解析;(2)见解析.【解析】(1)连结1B C 交1BC 于O ,连结OD ,在1B AC △中,D 为AC 中点,O 为1B C 中点, 所以1OD AB ∥,又OD ⊂平面1BC D ,∴直线1AB ∥平面1BC D . (2)∵1A A ⊥底面ABC ,∴1A A BD ⊥. 又BD AC ⊥,∴BD ⊥平面11ACC A ,又BD ⊂平面1BC D ,∴平面1BC D ⊥平面11ACC A .22.(12分)[2018·芜湖期末]如图,四边形ABCD 和ADPQ 均是边长为2的正方形,它们所在的平面互相垂直,E ,F 分别为AB ,BC 的中点,点M 为线段PQ 的中点.(1)求证:直线EM ∥平面PBD ; (2)求点F 到平面AEM 的距离.【答案】(1)证明见解析;(2. 【解析】(1)取AD 的中点G ,连接MG 和GE ,则易知MG PD ∥,又因为AE EB =,AG GD =,所以EG 为ABD △的中位线,所以EG BD ∥, 且MG PD ∥,MG EG G = ,所以平面EMG ∥平面PBD ,又EM ⊂平面EMG ,所以EM ∥平面PBD . (2)设点F 到平面AEM 的距离为h , 由题可知,BA ⊥面AQPD ,所以BA AM ⊥,由勾股定理可知,AM所以AME △的面积12S AE AM =⨯⨯=, 经过计算,有11111123323M AEF AEF V S AQ -=⨯⨯=⨯⨯⨯⨯=,由M AEF F AME V V --=,和13F AME V S h -=⨯⨯,所以3M AEF V h S -===。
2018-2019上学期高一化学好教育期末考试仿真测试卷(一)解析版附后
2018-2019上学期高一化学好教育仿真测试卷(一)解析版附后相对原子质量:H∶1 C∶12 N∶14 O∶16 Na∶23 S∶32 Cl∶35.5 K∶39 Fe∶56 Mn∶55 Ba∶137第I卷(选择题,共48分)一、选择题(每小题3分,共48分,每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1.下列说法不正确的是A.《黄白第十大》中“曾青涂铁,铁赤如铜”主要发生了置换反应B.唐代《真元妙道要略》中有云“以硫磺、雄黄合硝石并蜜烧之,焰起烧手、面及屋舍者”,描述了硫磺熏制过程C.《本草纲目》中“用浓酒和糟入甑,蒸令气上,用器承滴露”,利用到蒸馏D.“所在山洋,冬月地上有霜,扫取以水淋汁后,乃煎炼而成”过程包括了溶解、蒸发、结晶等操作2.钠与水反应时产生的各种现象如下:①钠浮在水面上;②钠沉在水底;③钠熔化成小球;④小球迅速游动逐渐减小,最后消失;⑤发出嘶嘶的声音;⑥滴入酚酞后溶液显红色。
其中对现象描述正确的是A.①②③④⑤B.全部C.①②③⑤⑥D.①③④⑤⑥34.类推的思维方法在化学学习与研究中有时会产生错误结论,因此类推的结论最终要经过实践的检验,才能决定其正确与否,下列几种类推结论中,错误的是①钠与水反应生成NaOH和H2;所有金属与水反应都生成碱和H2②铁露置在空气中一段时间后就会生锈;性质更活泼的铝不能稳定存在于空气中③化合物KCl的焰色为紫色;K2CO3的焰色也为紫色④钠钾合金的熔点应介于Na和K熔点之间A.①②B.①④C.①②③④D.①②④5.下列离子方程式书写正确的是A.钠投入到CuSO4溶液中:2Na+Cu2+===2Na++CuB.AlCl3溶液中加入足量氨水:Al3++3OH−===Al(OH)3↓C.三氯化铁溶液中加入铁粉:Fe3++Fe===2Fe2+D.FeCl2溶液与Cl2反应:2Fe2++Cl2===2Fe3++2Cl−6.质量相同的两份铝粉,第一份中加入足量的NaOH溶液,第二份中加入足量的盐酸,在同温同压下放出气体的体积比是A.1∶2 B.2∶1 C.1∶4 D.1∶17.一种无色溶液中加入BaCl2溶液,生成不溶于稀HNO3的白色沉淀,则该溶液中含有的离子是A.一定溶有SO2-4B.一定溶有CO2-3C.一定有Ag+D.可能有SO2-48.FeCl3、CuCl2的混合溶液中加入铁粉,充分反应后仍有固体存在,则下列判断不正确的是A.加入KSCN溶液一定不变红色B.溶液中一定含Fe2+C.溶液中一定含Cu2+D.剩余固体中一定含铜9.向100mL 1.0mol·L−1的AlCl3溶液中逐滴加入0.5mol·L−1的NaOH溶液至过量,生成沉淀的物质的量与加入NaOH的量的理论曲线关系正确的是10.对实验Ⅰ~Ⅳ的实验操作现象判断正确的是A.实验Ⅰ:产生红褐色沉淀B.实验Ⅱ:溶液颜色变红C.实验Ⅲ:放出大量气体D.实验Ⅳ:先出现白色沉淀,后溶解量(x)与溶液中沉淀物的量(y)的关系示意图中正确的是13.现加热5g碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的混合物,使碳酸氢钠完全分解,混合物质量减少了0.31g,则原混由此判断下列说法错误的是A .铁元素在反应①和③中均被氧化B .反应②中当有1mol Cl 2被还原时,有2mol Br -被氧化 C .氧化性强弱顺序为Cl 2>Br 2>Fe 3+>I 2D .还原性强弱顺序为I ->Fe 2+>Br ->Cl -15.如图所示,A 、B 是两个完全相同的装置,分别装有10mL 相同浓度的盐酸,某学生分别在A 、B 的侧管中装入1.06g Na 2CO 3和0.84g NaHCO 3,然后将两个侧管中的物质同时倒入各自的试管中,下列叙述正确的是A .A 装置的气球膨胀得快B .若最终两气球体积相同,则盐酸的浓度一定大于或等于2mol·L −1C .若最终两气球体积不同,则盐酸的浓度一定小于或等于1mol·L −1D .最终两试管中Na +、Cl −的物质的量分别相等16.将某份铁铝合金样品均分为两份,一份加入足量盐酸,另一份加入足量NaOH 溶液,同温同压下产生的气体体积比为3∶2,则样品中铁、铝物质的量之比为A .3∶2B .2∶1C .3∶4D .4∶3第Ⅱ卷(共52分)二、非选择题 17.(1)铁钉在氯气中被锈蚀为棕褐色物质FeCl 3,而在盐酸中生成浅绿色的FeCl 2溶液。
2018-2019学年度第一学期第一次月考高一年级
2018-2019学年度第一学期第一次月考高一年级分值:150分时间:120分钟本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,满分150分,考试用时120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分 30 分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话,每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
What does Jim come from?A. IrelandB. ScotlandC. Wales.2. How old is the boy?A. 14.B. 16.C. 173. What will the man do on Friday?A. Eat out with the woman.B. Go on a business trip.C. Attend a party.4. Which band does the woman like best?A. The Australian band.B. The French band.C. The Canadian band.5. What are the speakers discussing?A. How to go to school.B. Whether to go to school.C. Where to repair the car.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. Where is the girl’s boat now?A. Under a bridge.B. Near a little island.C. In the center of the lake.7. When will the girl meet the boy?A. In about an hour.B. In about thirty minutes.C. In about fifteen minutes.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
【精编】2018-2019学年上学期好教育云平台高二第一次月考仿真卷(B卷)化学(学生版)
专业文档2018-2019学年上学期高一年级第一次月考仿真测试卷化 学(B )注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
可能用到的相对原子质量:H ∶1 C ∶12 N ∶14 O ∶16 Na ∶23 Al ∶27 S ∶32 Cl ∶35.5一、选择题(本题包括16小题,每小题3分,共48分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
) 1.人类将在未来将逐渐由“碳素燃料文明时代”过渡至“太阳能文明时代”(包括风能、生物质能等太阳能转换形态),届时人们将适应“低碳经济”和“低碳生活”。
下列说法错误的是( )A .煤、石油和天然气都属于碳素燃料B .发展太阳能经济有助于减缓温室效应C .太阳能电池可将太阳能直接转化为电能D .目前研究菠菜蛋白质“发电”不属于“太阳能文明” 2.下列与化学反应能量变化相关的叙述正确的是( ) A .干冰气化需要吸收大量的热,这个变化是吸热反应 B .反应物的总能量低于生成物的总能量时,发生放热反应 C .化学反应中的能量变化都表现为热量的变化 D .同温同压下,H 2(g)+Cl 2(g)2HCl(g)在光照和点燃条件下的△H 相同3.下列反应中,既属于氧化还原反应又属于吸热反应的是( ) A .Ba(OH)2·8H 2O 与NH 4Cl 反应 B .工业合成氨C .灼热的炭与CO 2反应D .葡萄糖在人体内生理氧化4.某反应的反应过程中的能量变化如图所示(图中E 1表示正反应的活化能,E 2表示逆反应的活化能),下列有关叙述中正确的是( )A .上图可表示由KClO 3加热制O 2反应过程中的能量变化B .催化剂能改变该反应的焓变C .催化剂能改变该反应的正反应的活化能而对逆反应的活化能无影响D .该反应为放热反应5.根据如下能量关系示意图,下列说法正确的是()A .1molC(g)与1molO 2(g)的能量之和为393.5kJB .反应2CO(g)+O 2(g)2CO 2(g)中,生成物的总能量大于反应物的总能量C .由C→CO 的热化学方程式为:2C(s)+O 2(g)2CO(g) ΔH=-221.2kJ ∙mol -1D .热值指一定条件下单位质量的物质完全燃烧所放出热量,则CO 热值ΔH=-10.1kJ ∙mol -1 6.某反应由两步反应ABC 构成,反应过程中的能量变化曲线如图(E 1、E 3表示两反应的活化能)。
2018-2019好教育高一英语下学期第一次月考仿真卷(B)解析附后
2018-2019好教育高一英语下学期第一次月考仿真卷(B)解析附后第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分 30 分)(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
ALooking for something entertaining to do? Check out some awesome festivals around the world.Koninginnedag—The NetherlandsKoninginnedag or Queen’s Day is a national holiday in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Although the birthday of the current Queen, Beatrix, is actually during the winter, she has celebrated it on April 30th,the country’s official “Queen’s Day”since 1949. Orange is the national color, and the streets become a sea of feather boas(围巾) and body paint as crowds gather in the plazas and on boats in the rivers. Amsterdam is the center of this outdoor party, with many live music events, but nearly every town is alive with orange on this day.Thai Elephant Day —ThailandThai Elephant Day is a national holiday in Thailand. Thai Elephant Day has been celebrated on March 13th of every year since 1998. Because the elephant is the national animal of Thailand, it is highly respected and treasured. During the festivals elephants are honored during a ceremony in which they are fed bananas, other fruit, and sugarcane.The Fire Festival-ShetlandOn the last Tuesday in January the entire town of Lerwick, Shetland goes up in flames. At the festival, you’ll find yourself sitting, dancing, or stumbling around the largest bonfire you’ve ever seen in your life. The festival lasts only one day but takes the entire year to plan. Be prepared foran evening of singing, dancing, and fast paced activity, and don’t worry about making it to work the next day-it’s a national holiday!Holi-IndiaHoli, the Festival of Colors, is a Hindu celebration full of joy and one of India’s most important holidays. On the day of the last full moon of the lunar month, usually late February or early March, the air is full of bright-colored powder. The festival is celebrated differently throughout the country, with bonfires and music, but the cheerful spirit is common throughout Hindu communities around the world.21.What do we know about Koninginnedag?A.It is celebrated on the day of the current Queen’s birthday.B.It is not celebrated outside the city of Amsterdam.C.Everyone must wear orange clothes to celebrate it.D.It has a history of more than sixty years.22.The festival celebrated on March 13th in Thailand is held to________.A.show people’s respect for their QueenB.show Thai people’s respect for elephantsC.ask people to protect endangered animalsD.help people relax by singing and dancing23.Why don’t people have to worry about working the day after the Fire Festival?A.Because people are allowed to sleep at work the next day.B.Because the activities are too simple to get people tired.C.Because people don’t have to go to work the next day.D.Because the festival ends very early at night.24.If you are interested in the Festival of Colors, you should go to________.A.India B.ShetlandC.Thailand D.the NetherlandsBWho doesn’t want to live life in style? Life is like a road on which you never get a chance to return, and is not a very long road either. So we should try to live life to the fullest and enjoy every bit of it.Every individual has unique likings and preferences, and all of us try to live the lives that suit us best. The world is like a painting cloth on which different people with different races, different languages, and different cultural backgrounds interact. But among these, the arts provide an easy and natural way for people to connect.People with a knack for the arts usually discover it in childhood. But art isn’t only for the talented; it can help everyone grow. Those with a strong artistic background are often more energetic, and more successful in all fields of life. Art widens the range of a person’s life.Painting is one of the most popular art forms. Those who are interested in taking it up as a career need to go through extensive training to get familiar with the various styles. Professional painters often host art exhibitions, with art lovers from all over the world coming to see and buy their creations. Sometimes the paintings are sold at high prices.Performing arts are equally popular and admired. Dance, instrumental music, drama and so on, require unusual artistic talent as well as a long period of education and training before audiences start to applaud the performances. But anyone with some artistic sense can make art part of his/ her life, and benefit from it.25. People should make the most of life because .A. life is difficult but enjoyable timeB. life is valuable and ordinaryC. life is too short to be wastedD. life is like a road full of tomorrows26. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?A. Different people have different lifestyles.B. Different peoples have different cultures.C. Art can make people happier.D. Art can connect people together27. The underlined word “knack” in Paragraph 3 possibly means “”.A. characterB. abilityC. powerD. favour28. What is the passage mainly about?A. How great artists make a living by selling their works.B. How to live a unique and colorful life.C. How the arts contribute to people’s lives.D. How much performing arts have to do with talent and education.CBuck did not read the newspapers, or he would have known that trouble was coming, not only for himself, but for every big dog, strong of muscle and with long, warm hair in California. Men had found gold in the Yukon, and these men wanted big, strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north.Buck lived at a big house in the sunkissed Santa Clara valley. Judge Miller’s place, it was called. There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house, and a river nearby. In a big place like this, of course, there were many dogs. There were house dogs and farm dogs, but theywere not important. Over this great land Buck ruled. Here he was born and here he had lived the four years of his life. He was not so large—he weighed only one hundred and forty pounds. But he had saved himself by not becoming a mere house dog. Hunting and outdoor delights had kept down the fat and hardened his muscles. He went swimming with Judge Miller’s sons, and walking with his daughters. He carried the grandchildren on his back, and he sat at Judge Miller’s feet in front of the warm library fire in winter. During the four years, he had a fine pride in himself which came of good living and universal respect. He was king of Judge Miller’s place.But this was 1897, and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to northwest Canada to look for gold. And he did not know that Manuel, one of the gardener’s helpers, was in bad need of money for his hobby of gambling (赌博) and for his large family. One day, the Judge was at a meeting and the boys were busy organizing an athletic club. No one saw Manuel and Buck go off on what Buck imagined was merely an evening walk. Only one man saw them arrive at the railway station. This man talked to Manuel, and gave him some money. Then Manuel tied a piece of rope around Buck’s neck.Buck had accepted the rope with quiet dignity (自尊).He had learned to trust in men he knew and to give them credit. But when the ends of the rope were placed in the stranger’s hands, Buck roared, and was surprised when the rope tightened around his neck, shutting off his breath. In extreme anger, he jumped at the man. The man caught him and suddenly Buck was thrown over on his back. Then the rope tightened cruelly while Buck struggled, his tongue out of his mouth. Never in all his life had he been so badly treated. Never in all his life had he been so angry. For a few moments he was unable to move, and it was easy for the two men to put him into the train.When Buck woke up, the train was still moving. The man was sitting and watching him, but Buck was too quick for him and he bit the man’s hand hard. Then the rope was pulled again and Buck had to let go.That evening, the man took Buck to the back room of a bar in San Francisco. The barman looked at the man’s hand and trousers covered in blood.“How much are they paying you for this?” he asked.“Only get fifty dollars.”“And the man who stole him—how much did he get?” asked the barman.“A hundred. He wouldn’t take less.”“That makes a hundred and fifty. It’s a good price for a dog like him.”Buck spent that night in a cage-like box. He could not understand what it all meant. What did they want with him, these strange men? And where were Judge Miller and the boys?The next day Buck was carried in the box to the railway station and put on a train to the north.29.What information about Buck does Paragraph 2 suggest?A.He was satisfied with his life and felt proud of himself.B.He won great respect due to his nice figure and strong muscles.C.He was not different from the other dogs in Judge Miller’s place.D.He kept the Millers company to set himself apart from the other dogs.30.Buck burst into anger when ________.A.a rope was tied around his neckB.the rope around his neck was pulled tightC.he was taken away from the MillersD.he was left behind with a stranger31.From the passage we can know that ________.A.the man paid one hundred and fifty dollars for BuckB.Manuel was dying for money and joined in the gold rushC.Buck experienced great pain until he was put into the trainD.strong dogs were in great need for the discovery of gold in Canada32.At the end of the passage we can infer that ________.A.Buck was hopeless about his futureB.Buck got both his body and his pride hurtC.Buck was sure that the Millers would come to his rescueD.Buck realized he was being sent to the north to help people seek goldDResearchers discovered a new snake species (物种) in Madagascar and named it “ghost snake” for its pale grey colour and trick. They studied the snake’s physical characteristics and genetics (遗传学), which showed it is a new species. The researchers Sara Ruane and her workmates from theLSU Museum of Natural Science in Madagascar named it “Madagascarophis lolo”, which means the ghost in Malagasy.The “ghost snake” is part of cat-eyed snakes, which are often found among snakes that are active at night. Many of the cat-eyed snakes are found in developed areas or degraded (退化的) forests; however, the researchers found th e “ghost snake” on the national park’s rocks.The researchers were surprised to find the “ghost snake’s” next closest relative is a snake called “Madagascarophis fuchsi”, which was discovered at a site about 100 kilometres north of Ankarana several years ago. Both were found in rocky, isolated (孤立的) areas. “I think what’s exciting and important about this work is that even though the cat-eyed snakes could be one of the most common groups of snakes in Madagascar, there are still new species we don’t know,” R uane said.Ruane and her workmates discovered the “ghost snake” after hiking for more than 17 miles in the rain from their field site to the Ankarana Park. “It was really hard and a lot of work, but the payoff was big,” Ruane said. Snakes are hard to find under good environments. So theseresearchers did their fieldwork during the rainy season in Madagascar when snakes and their prey (猎物) were active.After discovering this new species, the researchers returned to the US to do the genetic study. Ruane got D NA from the “ghost snake” and “Madagascarophis fuchsi”.She compared it to decide how similar the new species was to others. And Ruane and her workmates mapped the genetic family tree. All of the researches they did supported this is a new species.33.What is the part reason that the snake is named the “ghost snake”?A.It has eyes that look like a cat’s.B.It’s always active at night.C.It’s very good at learning.D.It has a ghost appearance.34.Why do the researchers work in the wild during the rainy season?A.Because it is the best season in Madagascar.B.Because few snakes attack people in this season.C.Because snakes and their prey are active in this season.D.Because they can find other animals at the same time.35.What’s the researcher’s purpose of doing the genetic study in the last paragraph?A.To map the genetic family tree of animals.B.To write a scientific report on snakes.C.To find more information about this snake’s habit.D.To ensure if the “ghost snake” is a new species.第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 10 分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
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专业文档2018-2019学年上学期高一第一次月考仿真测试卷物理(B)注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
一、选择题:本题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,第1~6题只有一项符合题目要求,第7~10题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得5分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分。
1.2018年8月6日上午,海军第三十批护航编队从青岛某军港解缆起航,赴亚丁湾、索马里海域执行护航任务。
第三十批护航编队由导弹护卫舰芜湖舰、邯郸舰和综合补给舰东平湖舰组成,此次航行的运动轨迹如图中箭头所示,护航总航程约5500海里。
若所有船只运动速度相同,则下列说法正确的是()A.“5500海里”指的是护航舰艇的位移B.研究舰队平均速度时可将“芜湖”舰看成质点C.以“芜湖”舰为参考系,“巢湖”舰一定是运动的D.根据图中数据可求出此次航行过程中的平均速度【解析】“5500海里”指的是护航舰艇的路程,选项A错误;研究舰队平均速度时,舰船的大小和形状均可忽略不计,故可将“芜湖”舰看成质点,选项B正确;因所有船只运动速度相同,故以“芜湖”舰为参考系,“邯郸”舰一定是静止的,选项C错误;因舰队行驶的时间未知,故根据图中数据无法求出此次航行过程中的平均速度,选项D错误。
【答案】B2.如图所示,一小球在光滑的V形槽中由A点释放,经B点(与B点碰撞所用时间不计)到达与A点等高的C点,设A点的高度为1 m,则全过程中小球通过的路程和位移大小分别为()A.23 3 m,23 3 m B.23 3 m,43 3 mC.43 3 m,1 m D.43 3 m,23 3 m【解析】小球通过的路程为小球实际运动轨迹的长度,则小球的路程为s=2l AB=2×1sin60°m=433 m;位移是由初位置指向末位置的有向线段,则小球的位移大小为x=l AC=2×1tan60°m=23 3 m,D项正确。
【答案】D3.两位杂技演员,甲从高处自由落下的同时乙从蹦床上竖直跳起,结果两人同时落到蹦床上,若以演员自己为参考系,此过程中他们各自看到对方的运动情况是()A.甲看到乙先朝上、再朝下运动B.甲看到乙一直朝上运动C.乙看到甲先朝下、再朝上运动D.甲看到乙一直朝下运动【解析】乙上升过程,甲、乙间距越来越小,故甲看到乙向上运动;乙下降过程,因甲的速度大于乙的速度,甲、乙间距仍然变小,故甲看到乙还是向上运动,B项正确。
【答案】B4.接通打点计时器电源和让纸带开始运动,这两个操作之间的时间顺序关系是()A.先接通电源,后让纸带运动B.先让纸带运动,再接通电源C.让纸带运动的同时接通电源D.先让纸带运动或先接通电源都可以【解析】如果先释放纸带后接通电源,有可能会出现小车已经拖动纸带运动一段距离,电源才被接通,那么纸带上只有很小的一段能打上点,大部分纸带没有打上点,纸带的利用率太低;所以应当先接通电源,后让纸带运动,故A正确。
【答案】A5.一辆汽车沿平直公路以速度v1匀速行驶了23的路程,接着又以速度v2=20 km/h匀速行驶完其余13的路程,如果汽车对全程的平均速度为28 km/h,那么汽车在前23路程上速度的大小是()A.25 km/h B.34 km/h C.35 km/h D.38 km/h【解析】设全程的路程为x,由平均速度公式可以计算出汽车行驶全程和后13的路程所用时间分别为xtv=,2/320xt=,则行驶前23路程所用时间为12/3220105x x xt t tv=-=-=,所以112/335km/hxvt==。
【答案】C6.如图所示,相距为L的两质点A、B沿相互垂直的两个方向以相同的速率v在同一平面内做匀速直线运动。
运动过程中,A、B间的最短距离为()A.22L B.L C.2L D.2L【解析】经过时间t后两质点的距离为x=v2t2+(L-v t)2=2v2t2-2v Lt+L2,当t=L2v时,位移有极小值22L,即A项正确。
【答案】A此卷只装订不密封班级姓名准考证号考场号座位号专业文档7.由加速度的定义式va t∆=∆可知( ) A .a 与Δv 成正比,与Δt 成反比 B .a 的方向与Δv 的方向相同 C .a 的大小等于速度的变化率 D .Δv 越大则a 越大 【解析】根据加速度的定义va t∆=∆得,当时间Δt一定时,加速度a 与速度的变化Δv 成正比,当速度的变化Δv 一定时,加速度a 与时间Δt 成反比。
这是加速度的定义式,决定因素与速度变化量及时间无关。
故A 错误。
加速度a 的方向与速度变化量Δv 的方向相同,加速度a 的方向与速度v 的方向可能相同,可能相反,故B 对。
加速度大小与速度变化量的大小无特定关系,它的大小等于速度变化率大小,vt∆∆叫速度的变化率,它是描述速度变化快慢的物理量,故C 对,D 错。
【答案】BC8.三个质点A 、B 、C 均由N 点沿不同路径运动至M 点,运动轨迹如图所示,三个质点同时从N 点出发,同时到达M 点,下列说法正确的是( )A .三个质点从N 点到M 点的平均速度相同B .三个质点任意时刻的速度方向都相同C .三个质点任意时刻的位移方向都相同D .三个质点从N 点到M 点的位移相同【解析】位移是指从初位置指向末位置的有向线段,在任意时刻,三个质点的位移方向不同,只有均到达M 点时,位移方向相同,C 项错误,D 项正确;根据平均速度的定义式v =ΔxΔt 可知三个质点从N 点到M 点的平均速度相同,A 项正确;质点任意时刻的速度方向沿轨迹的切线方向,故三个质点的速度方向不会在任意时刻都相同,B 项错误。
【答案】AD9.如图所示为A 、B 两质点的v -t 图象。
对于A 、B 两质点的运动,下列说法中正确的是( ) A .质点A 向所选定的正方向运动,质点B 与A 的运动方向相反 B .质点A 和B 的速度并不相同C .在相同的时间内,质点A 、B 的位移相同D .不管质点A 、B 是否从同一地点开始运动,它们之间的距离一定越来越大【解析】由v -t 图象知,A 、B 两质点以大小相等、方向相反的速度做匀速直线运动,A 、B 正确;在相同的时间内,A 、B 两质点的位移等大、反向,C 错误;由于A 、B 两质点的出发点无法确定,故A 、B 两质点间的距离可能越来越大(如图甲),也可能先变小再变大(如图乙),D 错误。
【答案】AB10.如图甲所示是一种速度传感器的工作原理图,在这个系统中B 为一个能发射超声波的固定小盒子,工作时小盒子B 向被测物体发出短暂的超声波脉冲,脉冲被运动的物体反射后又被B 盒接收,从B 盒发射超声波开始计时,经时间Δt 0再次发射超声波脉冲,图乙是连续两次发射的超声波的位移-时间图象。
则下列说法正确的是( )A .超声波的速度为v 声=2x 1t 1B .超声波的速度为v 声=2x 2t 2C .物体的平均速度为v =2(x 2-x 1)t 2-t 1+2Δt 0D .物体的平均速度为v =2(x 2-x 1)t 2-t 1+Δt 0【解析】小盒子B 向被测物体发出短暂的超声波脉冲后,超声波经过12t 1时间到达被测物体并被反射折回,再经过12t 1时间回到小盒子B ,该过程中,超声波经过的路程为2x 1,所以超声波的速度为v声=2x 1t 1,A 项正确;从B 盒发射超声波开始计时,经时间Δt 0再次发射超声波脉冲,超声波经过12(t 2-Δt 0)时间到达被测物体并被反射折回,再经过12(t 2-Δt 0)回到小盒子B ,该过程中,超声波经过的路程为2x 2,所以超声波的速度为v 声=2x 2t 2-Δt 0,B 项错误;被测物体在12t 1时刻第一次接收到超声波,在Δt 0+12(t 2-Δt 0)即12(t 2+Δt 0)时刻第二次接收到超声波,该过程中被测物体发生的位移为x 2-x 1,所以物体的平均速度为v -=x 2-x 112(t 2+Δt 0)-12t 1=2(x 2-x 1)t 2-t 1+Δt 0,C 项错误,D 项正确。
【答案】AD二、非选择题:本题共6小题,共50分。
按题目要求作答。
解答题应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要演算步骤,只写出最后答案的不能得分。
有数值计算的题,答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。
11. (4分)小张以同一个打点计时器在固定频率下,测量小车拉动纸带甲、乙、丙、丁的运动速度,每次车子都是自右向左运动,四段纸带的长度都相同。
如图,则下列叙述正确是 。
A .纸带甲打点均匀,表示车子的运动是匀速的,加速度是零B .纸带乙显示的平均速度与纸带甲相同C .纸带丙表示的小车的运动是先快后慢D .纸带丁表示的小车的运动是先慢后快【解析】纸带甲打点均匀,表示车子的运动是匀速的,加速度是零,选项A 正确;纸带乙两点间距较大,故显示的平均速度比纸带甲大,选项B 错误;纸带丙点间距逐渐变大,表示的小车的运动是逐渐变大,选项C 错误;纸带丁表示的小车的运动是先快后慢,选项D 错误。
【答案】A专业文档12.(6分)某同学用打点计时器打出的纸带研究物体的运动,在纸带上打出的点中,选出零点,每隔4个点取1个计数点,因保存不当,纸带被污染,如图所示,A、B、C、D是依次排列的4个计数点,仅能读出其中3个计数点到零点的距离:x A=16.6 mm,x B=126.5 mm,x D=624.5 mm。
若无法再做实验,可由以上信息推知:(1)相邻两计数点的时间间隔为s。
(2)打C点时物体的速度大约为m/s。
(取2位有效数字)【解析】(1)由于每隔4个点取一个计数点,可知相邻两计数点的时间间隔为T=5×0.02 s=0.1 s。
(2)虽然计数点C至计数点D之间有污染,但只要知道B、D间的距离就可以求出BD段的平均速度,粗略代表C点的瞬时速度,即:0.62450.1265m/s 2.5m/s2220.1BD D BCx x xvT T--===≈⨯。
【答案】0.12.513.(8分)一辆汽车从原点O由静止出发沿x轴做单向直线运动,为研究汽车运动的规律而记录下它在不同时刻的位置和速度,如下表所示。
试求:(1)汽车在(2)前4 s内的平均加速度。
【解析】(1)从表格可以看出,汽车在前4 s做的是加速运动,4 s后做的是匀速运动。