GRE Issue
GRE英语作文分类题库—ISSUE
GRE英语作文分类题库—ISSUE简介在GRE考试中，Issue是指议题写作，与Argument类似都是GRE Analytical Writing的一部分，需要候选人对给出的话题进行阐述和分析。
Issue是更具有主观性的考试内容，需要候选人充分表达自己的观点，谈及丰富的经验和事例支持论证，并且要注意措辞合理、思路清晰、结构紧凑。
在本文档中，我们将提供一些Issue题库，这些议题涵盖了社会科学、艺术、哲学等多个领域，通过研究这些经典话题，准备GRE写作中的Issue将变得更加得心应手。
Issue题库社会科学Politic and Government1. A government should invest funds in the arts to ensure that it canflourish and be available to all people.2.Some people claim that political decision-making process indemocracies is too slow to response to climate changes. Do you agree ordisagree?3.The government should provide healthcare to all citizens regardlessof their ability to pay for it.Education4.The purpose of college or university education is to help students tosucceed in future career. Do you agree or disagree?5.The function of education is to teach one to think intensively andcritically. Do you agree or disagree?6.Some people believe that the most important goal of education is tohelp people to learn to be happy on their own. Do you agree or disagree?Culture7.The most important way to preserve ancient historical sites is to makethem available to the public, to have them constantly used and thus alive.8.Museums and art galleries should focus on the works of art that arerepresentative of the cultural history of their own country rather than theworks of art that are from different parts of the world.9.It is important for people to celebrate the ceremonies and festivals oftheir own culture rather than those of other cultures.艺术Music and Film10.Artistic disciplines, such as music, theater, and film, are valuable onlywhen they contribute to the larger society.11.The purpose of music is to make us feel good. Do you agree ordisagree?12.The best way to appreciate music is simply to listen to it.Literature and Writing13. A person should never make an important decision alone.14.The best way to learn about life is through personal experience.15.Argue for and/or against the use of digital devices in literary analysis.哲学Morality and Ethics16.Morality depends on the individual.17.The ultimate goal of human beings is not happiness, but knowledge.18.To be an ethical person, one must take into consideration the contextof the situation.Knowledge and Reasoning19.Innovation should always be welcomed, even if it is leading towardsunethical practices.cation is more than simply acquiring knowledge; it is aboutlearning to think for oneself.21.The ultimate goal of philosophical inquiry is not knowledge, but action.总结以上便是我们为大家提供的GRE英语写作的Issue题库，这些话题涵盖了众多领域，如政治、文化、教育、艺术和哲学等。
GRE写作ISSUE和ARGUMENT提分攻略
GRE写作ISSUE和ARGUMENT提分攻略GRE写作ISSUE和ARGUMENT同步提分备考攻略指点GRE写作Argument/Issue区别详解1. 写作具体要求区别GRE ISSUE作文的写作要求，大体相当于中文里的立论文，也就是根据作文题目给出的内容自己确定一个论点观点后搭框架写文章。
而与之相对的ARGUMENT，则是驳论性质的文章，需要考生根据给出的题目和观点进行反驳，也就是通俗意义上的挑错。
2. 写作难度有所不同对于并非英语母语的中国考生来说，ISSUE作文的难度是比较高的，因为写好立论文需要考生自己根据题目提炼观点，如果考生本身的自主思维能力和创造力比较一般，很有可能出现不知道如何找观点写文章的情况。
而且不少考生存在缺乏主动思考能力的问题，对于写作比较被动，很容易就会写偏题。
而ARGUMENT作文则相对简单一些，考生只需要根据给出的内容找逻辑漏洞和问题，并针对这些问题攻击挑错就能完成写作任务，更容易找到写作思路。
3. 复习方法花费时间不同ISSUE作文需要花费更多的时间用于复习，理由上文已经说过，中国考生大多更难写好ISSUE，因此练习的时间也会因此增加。
而复习ISSUE作文的重点，应该放在准备作文模板和练习快速列提纲搭框架之上。
考生看GRE机经真题等复习资料时，也应该更加着眼于从文章题目的整体出发，把握住题目的主旨，提炼好观点节省考试时间。
ARGUMENT作文难度较低，需要的复习时间也比较少。
而复习ARGUMENT，考生则应该把注意力更多地集中在根据官方题库学习找逻辑漏洞进行攻击的具体写法上。
因为哪怕题目千变万化，但能够用以攻击反驳的逻辑问题其实就那么固定的几种，大家只要练熟了找茬的本领学会了写作套路，想要写好ARGU并不困难。
同时，考生在学习GRE作文机经时，对于ARGU部分的机经，从文章细节漏洞等角度入手会收获更好的复习效果。
GRE写作同步提分攻略指点考生在面对两篇GRE作文时，应该如何确保高分呢?1. 两篇都不能放弃首先，大家需要明确的是，两篇作文无论哪篇都不能放弃，因为最后成绩是取两者平均值的，因此如果一篇作文分数很低，另一篇作文写得再好也会受拖累。
新GREissue分类提纲-leader篇-原创
8-111-149 In any field, business,politics,education,government-----thosein power should step down after five years.Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.偏负1.正：的确。
A。
revitalization可以带来新鲜血液，当一个机构中长时间的是同一个人领导的话，行为作风想法都难以产生质的飞跃或者突破breakthrough，新的领导可以带来新的想法，有助于创新。
B.revitalizing会带来竞争，为了赢得竞争就会不断的自我进步，从而能够促进整个机构水平的进步。
如果一直稳妥的处于位置上，没有竞争，人的惰性就会阻挡人进行不断的自我充实。
C。
长期处于领导位置，权力过于集中concentration of power，会导致职权的abuse。
不利于机构的发展和正义。
2.反：但是不能这么绝对，A。
要由不同的profession情况决定。
在business，一般的大企业的确可以通过revitalizing来获得新鲜血液促进竞争，但是在家族企业，run by a family，就不可以，家族企业要保证权力的稳定，要保证权力在自己家族的人手上。
在education，可能像校长headmaster可以，但是教授就不行，教授的研究具有连贯性，很多研究都会持续五年以上，而且随着在位的时间的增长，教授的资历、经验都会不断增长，学校不可能五年就把教授换掉，那是资源的流失。
在government，要分不同的国家根据不同的国情和ideology，也许有的国家就可以五年一换，促进领导人之间的竞争，促进民主democracy，但是有的国家国情不够稳定，比较conservation，领导人的在位时间需要大于五年来保证国家的稳定。
gre issue写作模板
gre issue写作模板GRE Issue写作模板可以帮助考生快速构建文章结构，以下是一个常用的模板：一、开头段（Introduction）重述题目：用简洁的语言重述题目，并指出自己的立场。
例如：The issue of _____（主题）has been widely debated. In this essay， I will argue that ____（自己的立场）.提出背景：介绍与主题相关的背景信息，为下文的论述打下基础。
例如：Recently， there has been increasing concern about ____（主题）due to ____（相关背景）.二、主体段1（Body Paragraph 1）提出分论点1：说明支持自己立场的第一个原因或论据。
例如：Firstly， ____（分论点1）.举例或解释：用具体的例子或解释来支持分论点。
例如：For instance， ____（具体例子或解释）.三、主体段2（Body Paragraph 2）提出分论点2：说明支持自己立场的第二个原因或论据。
例如：Secondly， ____（分论点2）.举例或解释：用具体的例子或解释来支持分论点。
例如：To illustrate this point， ____（具体例子或解释）.四、主体段3（Body Paragraph 3）承认对方观点：承认与自己立场相反的观点，并简要说明其合理性。
例如：It is true that some people argue that ____（对方观点）. However， this view is not entirely convincing.反驳对方观点：用具体的例子或解释来反驳对方观点，并强调自己立场的正确性。
例如：For example， ____（反驳的例子或解释）. Therefore，my argument stands.五、结尾段（Conclusion）重申立场：重申自己的立场，并总结上文论述。
gre写作issue模板
gre写作issue模板当涉及GRE写作issue模板时，以下是一个常用的模板：1.引言：简要描述讨论的主题，并提出针对该主题的争议或问题。
2.背景信息：提供相关的背景资料，以便读者能够更好地理解讨论的上下文。
3.观点一：阐述第一个观点，包括其优势和劣势，并提供支持该观点的理由和例证。
4.观点二：阐述第二个观点，同样包括其优势和劣势，并提供支持该观点的理由和例证。
5.反驳观点：回应可能存在的反对意见或观点，并提供进一步的解释和例证。
6.结论：总结以上的讨论，强调自己的立场，并提供一些概括性的陈述。
下面是一个示例模板：1.引言：近年来，越来越多的人开始关注环境保护这一全球性的问题。
然而，有人认为采取环境友好型的生活方式对个人来说过于困难和不切实际。
2.背景信息：在当今世界，人类活动对环境造成了严重的负面影响，例如气候变化、空气污染、资源枯竭等。
因此，环境保护已经成为一个迫切的问题。
3.观点一：采取环境友好型的生活方式对个人来说是有困难和不切实际的。
例如，购买环保产品通常比传统产品更昂贵，限制开车或飞行会给人们的生活和工作带来不便等。
4.观点二：然而，采取环境友好型的生活方式对于保护地球和未来世代的生存至关重要。
例如，选择可再生能源、减少能源消耗、鼓励循环利用等措施都可以减少环境污染并延缓资源枯竭。
5.反驳观点：尽管采取环境友好型的生活方式可能面临一些困难和不便，但这些牺牲是值得的。
我们应该更加关注长远利益，而不仅仅追求短期的个人舒适和方便。
6.结论：在面对环境保护这一全球性的挑战时，每个人都应该为了未来世代的生存而采取环境友好型的生活方式。
尽管这可能会带来一些困难和不便，但这是我们应尽的责任和义务。
请注意，这只是一个示例模板，实际写作时可以根据具体题目和观点进行灵活调整。
在GRE写作中，重要的不仅是表达清晰，还需要有逻辑性和充分的支持材料。
新gre作文题库：issue的提问规律讲解
新gre作文题库：issue的提问规律讲解（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如演讲稿、总结报告、合同协议、方案大全、工作计划、学习计划、条据书信、致辞讲话、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as speech drafts, summary reports, contract agreements, project plans, work plans, study plans, letter letters, speeches, teaching materials, essays, other sample essays, etc. Want to know the format and writing of different sample essays, so stay tuned!新gre作文题库：issue的提问规律讲解gre写作考察考生的逻辑分析能力，写作部分是我们国人的一个薄弱环节，改革后的新gre考试题目要求更加具体，考察考生完成题目过程中是否融合批判性思维。
GRE Issue用词中的注意事项
? The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)（假如用 ask 代替 solicit，更浅白易懂。）(solicitation是名词)
? We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后，我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire，也许更明白。)
? In the majority of cases, he likes to ride bike to the office.（他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说：Usually, he likes to ride…… 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually）
? Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor，会更浅白。) (endeavor = try)
? We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)（如果用see代替visualize，也许更简单！）
? I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说：I think Mr. Lee should……不是更简单吗？因为I am of the opinion = I think)
? She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说：She prefers tea rather……更简短清楚，因为 show a preference for = prefer)
gre issue 结尾 -回复
gre issue 结尾-回复题目：以中括号内的内容为主题文章内容：同意与否部分：首先，[以中括号内的内容为主题]是一个具有广泛讨论性的议题，引起了人们的关注和争论。
然而，我倾向于同意这一观点的原因是多方面的。
首先，[概括中括号内的主题句]。
其次，[进一步解释中括号内的主题句，并提供支持的细节和例子]。
因此，我相信[再次总结论点]。
然而，尽管我同意[以中括号内的内容为主题]，但是我也认识到这个观点的争议与限制。
[列举并分析观点的争议与限制]。
尽管如此，我仍坚信[再次重申论点]。
解决问题部分：综上所述，[以中括号内的内容为主题]是一个引发广泛讨论的问题。
尽管这个问题存在争议和限制，但我相信通过[提出解决问题的方法]，我们可以解决这个问题。
首先，[详细介绍解决问题的方法一]。
其次，[详细介绍解决问题的方法二]。
最后，[重申解决问题的重要性和取得成功的可能性]。
结尾部分：在总结一切之前，我要再次强调[以中括号内的内容为主题]的重要性。
虽然这个问题存在争议和限制，但是通过[提出解决问题的方法]，我们可以达到[总结问题的理想状态]。
作为个人，我们应该[建议个人做出行动以解决问题]。
作为社会，我们也应该[建议社会共同努力解决问题]。
只有这样，我们才能[展望未来的积极结果]。
最后，我希望这些观点和建议能够引起人们的思考，并促使他们对[以中括号内的内容为主题]的讨论更深入。
无论有多少困难和挑战，我们都应该对解决这个问题保持乐观，并为我们的行动负责。
通过集体智慧和努力，我们可以为[以中括号内的内容为主题]做出真正有意义的贡献，并为我们的社会和未来创造更美好的环境。
GRE作文分类题库—ISSUE
GRE作文分类题库—ISSUEGRE作文分类题库—ISSUE一、教育类1. A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer.2. While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation.3. In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.4. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.5. Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music, film, advertising, and television because contemporary culture has much greater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past.6. It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears.7. Some educational systems emphasize the development of students' capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions.8. It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.9. How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who。
GRE考试Issue写作范文详解
GRE考试Issue写作范文详解(1~19)(1):Issue"The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished."观点陈述型作文/[题目]"被置于媒体审视下的任何人，其名誉终将受毁损。
"Sample EssayThe intensity of today's media coverage has been greatly magnified by the sheer number and types of media outlets that are available today. Intense competition for the most revealing photographs and the latest information on a subject has turned even minor media events into so-called "media frenzies". Reporters are forced by the nature of the competition to pry ever deeper for an angle on a story that no one else has been able to uncover. With this type of media coverage, it does become more and more likely that anyone who is subjected to it will have his or her reputation tarnished, as no individual is perfect. Everyone makes mistakes. The advances in technology have made much information easily and instantaneously available. Technology has also made it easier to dig further than ever before into a person's past, increasing the possibility that the subject's reputation may be harmed.[范文正文]当今媒体报道的力度，由于当今时代所能获得的媒体渠道那前所未有的数量和种类，从而被极大地增强。
GRE-issue题库提纲
绿色黄色蓝色共20篇1、As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. + 不同情况讨论观点：有限否定1、科技确实对人有巨大帮助，减轻了人的思维负担：杂交corps 人和livestock都提供了足够的粮食,大多数现代人甚至完全不用考虑去哪获得食物。
思考减少了。
2、但是科技在带来解决方式的同时也带来了新的问题。
比如汽车带来的空气污染，北京有300万辆车，noxious气体block the sun并且给所有物体蒙上了shadow,科学家和政治家正在diligently work on it。
类似的还有nuclear issue,尽管带来了能源，也带来了erased human in the history的可能，因此要研究找到safeguard.科技带来的新问题不比解决的旧问题少,因此人类思考的能力不会下降.3、additionally，采用科技会inspire创新，利大于弊（outweigh）。
比如，给医生和患者提供了交流的platform,病人可以了解自己的健康，并得到简单的treatment。
是internet提供的便利使laymen也能接触到knowledge of highest achievement of human science。
结论:尽管科技解决了某些问题让我们不用再去contemplating,但由于带来了新的问题，同时foster创新思维。
因此科技发展不会impair人类思考的能力，只要正确运用.2、To understand the most important characteristics of a society，one must study its major cities. + 不同情况观点：有限否定1、历史上人们常常用technology and art来衡量一个社会是否先进。
GREissue写作技巧分享
GREissue写作技巧分享GRE考试可谓是“过五关斩六将”，过了数学有阅读，过了阅读有写作，层层把关，就等你了。
下面就和大家分享GRE issue 写作技巧分享，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。
GRE issue写作技巧分享1. 写作宗旨“老美是一个崇尚自由，个性，创造力，个人能力的国家，所以我们的立题最后也是偏向这一方面。
从的出题倾向中可以很明显的感觉到这种偏好。
对于很肯定的题目，不要脚踩两只船，要有自己鲜明的观点!(我觉得凭自己的水平是写不好两边都讨好的题目的，所以与其攻其十指，不如伤其一指。
)论点不要重复题目。
由于我有时候找不出什么论点了，会把题目的再重复一遍，所以也想提醒一下和自己有相同毛病的g 友，不要犯同样的错误。
其实有时候可以把题目再读一遍，你就会有新的发现。
”2. 如何审题“题目中的话说到绝对的，就diagree。
比如题目中有这些词，anything，everything，all，only，我们可以把它们的as long as作为一个论点进行攻击，这是很容易找到反例的。
我考试的时候，就遇到了这样的情况：题目是：Practicality is now our GREat idol which all powers and talents must serve. Anything that is not可以看到题目中obviously practical has little value in today s world.，一一反驳就是三个论有三处很绝对的地方(all，anything，little )点了。
题目对X.X不满，就agree。
这种题目一般很明显的可以察觉到出题者的意图，所以你就跟着他不满。
若有比较，就顺着agree。
题目中会出现诸如as...more...than...这样的词，看到了，你也可以顺着他的意思同意。
题目会很明显的提示你从哪些方面来写，比如说：In any，social，business， or political--the realm of life--whether academiconly way to succeed is to take a practical，，rather than an idealistic，whereaspoint of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival，more immediate idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpleroptions.你可以看到破折号里面的academic，social，business，，所以你就跟着他一个个举例子。
GRE写作提纲Issue完整版
GRE写作提纲Issue完整版GRE写作提纲Issue完整版1、As people rely on 表态+论述观点：中立偏否定1、科技确实对人有巨大帮助，减轻了人的思维负担：a、电子计算器帮助人们完成复杂计算，推动数学及相关领域发展;b、电脑由于其强大的功能可以被应用在几乎所有领域，成为人们思考和解决问题的重要工具;c、科技使得人们的研究领域大为扩展，同时拓展了人类的思维(intellection)和认知(perception)2、不得不说，很多情况下科技确实造成人类独立思维能力的下降：a、依赖计算器完成简单计算，运算能力下降;b、便利的科技造成人们懒于思考，而习惯于通过技术手段求助;c、通讯技术发展造成交流形式快速化，交流能力减退3、尽管如此，采用科技仍然利大于弊(outweigh)：a、科技确实减退了人类某些方面的思维能力，但主要集中在重复性(accurate)和精确性(precise)的领域，而独立思维寻求解决方法的能力并不受影响，反而被提升;b、部分能力下降相对于获得的实际利益和扩展人类的思维空间是值得的;c、科技本身没有错，很多时候是由于我们过度或不当的运用结论：尽管科技对人类思维的不良影响将持续讨论，我仍然认为只要我们正确运用科技，其弊端是可以削弱的，而优点则会极大地使我们受益。
GRE写作提纲Issue完整版2、To understand the most important characteristic表态+论述观点：偏否定1、不可否认，主要城市某些程度上可以代表一个国家及其社会的特性：a、主要城市往往是一个社会最强大繁华的地区，其特性影响了这个社会的特性，比如伦敦设计师偏爱格子型花纹(plaid)，逐渐成为英国特色;b、由于主要城市往往汇聚了来自全国的人士，则各地特色的融合形成了该城市的特色，进而代表了该国社会的特色2、然而，这种代表性(representativeness)正在逐渐消退a、当今全球化程度日趋提高造成代表性下降，各国社会的主要城市逐渐趋同(skyscrapers)，丧失独特个性;b、另一方面，某一社会各个地区发展程度差异很大，尤其在许多developing country造成主要城市反而成为特例，如中国，北京、上海等城市的繁华不能说明中国的发达，许多乡村地区非常落后3、事实上，由于主要城市代表性的下降，我们很难仅仅通过研究他们理解社会特性，而要针对不同社会的实际情况进行选择。
GRE写作—ISSUE高频提纲整理
ISSUE高频话题：传统文化与现代化
传统文化与现代化之间存在着复杂的互动关系。现代化进程必然 会对传统文化产生影响，但同时也需要保留和传承传统文化的精 髓。如何平衡传统文化与现代化的关系，既能促进社会发展，又 能保持文化传承，是当代社会面临的重要课题。
在探讨传统文化与现代化的关系时，需要关注文化的多样性与包 容性。现代化并非要完全摒弃传统，而是要在传承中创新，在借 鉴中发展。
ISSUE高频话题：环境保护与经济发展
可持续发展
环境保护与经济发展并非相互矛盾，两者 可以相互促进。
生态保护
保护自然环境是可持续经济发展的基石， 我们要重视生态保护的长期效益。
绿色科技
发展绿色科技，可以有效减少环境污染， 促进经济绿色转型。
ISSUE高频话题：平等机会与 社会公正
平等机会和社会公正一直是人类社会关注的重要议题。GRE写作中经常出现探 讨这两者的关系。本节将探讨平等机会与社会公正的内涵，分析两者之间的 关系，并举例说明如何运用相关论证进行写作。
稳定的重要性
社会稳定是改革成功的基础，为改革创造 良好的外部环境。
改革与稳定的平衡
在改革过程中，要注重改革的力度和节奏 ，确保社会稳定，避免剧烈动荡。
总结与展望
GRE写作备考
通过对ISSUE写作高频话题的梳理，希望能帮助考生更有效率地备考，提高写作水平。
持续学习
写作能力的提升是一个持续积累的过程，建议考生定期阅读写作材料，练习写作。
用事实、数据、例子等佐证你的观点。
解释逻辑 3
解释你的论据如何支持你的观点。
每个论点都应该清晰地表达你的观点，并用充足的论据和逻辑解释来支撑。
如何引用例子论证
选择相关例子 1
GRE issue官方范文36篇
ETS官方Issue主题范文36篇以下，是现在能够找到的ets公布的所有的issue主题的范文。
一共6个题目，每个题目，6篇不同分数的范文。
建议大家按照猴哥“阅读式作文备考法”，研读“4-6”分作文。
对于1-3分作文，可以看看ets对它的评价，分析其分数低的原因。
保证自己不要犯这些错误。
有些错误是致命的。
比如跑题。
Isusue test1"Both the development of technological tools and the uses to which humanity has put them have created modern civilizations in which loneliness is ever increasing."6Technology, broadly defined as the use of tools, has a long history. Ever since Erg the caveman first conked an animal with a rock, people have been using technology. For thousands of years, the use of tools allowed people to move ever closer together. Because fields could be cultivated and the technology to store food existed, people would live in cities rather than in small nomadic tribes. Only very lately have Erg's descendants come to question the benefits of technology. The Industrial Revolution introduced and spread technologies that mechanized many tasks. As a result of the drive toward more efficient production and distribution (so the ever larger cities would be supported), people began to act as cogs in the technological machine. Clothing was no longer produced by groups of women sewing and gossiping together, but by down-trodden automation's operating machinery in grim factories.The benefits of the new technology of today, computers and the internet, are particularly ambiguous. They have made work ever more efficient and knit the world together in a web of information and phone lines. Some visionaries speak of a world in which Erg need not check in to his office; he can just dial in from home. He won't need to go to a bar to pick up women because there are all those chat rooms. Hungry? Erg orders his groceries from an online delivery service. Bored? Download a new game. And yet...Many people, myself included, are a little queasy about that vision. Erg may be doing work, but is it real work? Are his online friends real friends? Does anything count in a spiritual way if it's just digital? Since the Industrial Revolution, we have been haunted by the prospect that we are turning into our machines: efficient, productive, souless. The newest technologies, we fear, are making us flat as our screens, turning us into streams of bits of interchangable data. We may know a lot of people, but we have few real friends. We have a lot of things to do, but no reason to do them. In short, the new technology emphasizes a spiritual crisis that has been building for quite some time.As I try to unravel which I believe about the relative merits of technology, I think it is instructive to remember technology's original result. A better plow meant easier farming, more food, longer lives, and more free time to pursue other things such as art. Our newest technology does not give us more free time; it consumes our free time. We are terminally distracted from confronting ourselves or each other. We stay safe, and lonely, in our homes and offices rather than taking the risk of meeting real people or trying new things.While I am certainly not a Luddite, I do believe we need to look for a bit more balance between technology and life. We have to tear ourselves away from the fatal distractions and go out into the world. Technology has given us long lives and endless supplies of information. Now we need to apply that information, use the time we're not spending conking our dinner with a club, and find our reasons for living.评价This outstanding response displays cogent reasoning, insightful, persuasive analysis, and superior control of language. The essay immediately identifies the complexities of the issue and then playfully explores both the benefits and the drawbacks of technological developments over the course of human history. The writer maintains that a "balance between technology and life" is necessary if humans are going to abate the loneliness that is part of modern existence.5I disagree with the argument that "Both the development of technological tools and the uses to which humanity has put them have created modern civilizations in which loneliness is ever increasing."" Arguments can be made for this thesis, but they depend largely upon what I believe to be a poor definition of "loneliness".If one defines loneliness as the absence of as much physical, face-to-face contact with other people, then this argument is probably true. The invention of modern telecommunications devices such as telephones, fax machines, and computers has definitely cut down on the amount of physical contact with other people. This is especially true in recent times due to the extremely rapid expansion of the Internet. E-mail and tele-conferencing are direct substitutes for physical contact, especially in the business world.However, I believe that loneliness can be better measured by intellectual contact with other individuals. Unarguably, modern technology makes this faster and easier, with better communication with a larger number of people. Some employers have argued that productivity is lessened since they have had computers linked to the Internet, as the employees spend much of their time "chatting" with friends, acquaintances, or business contacts across the country. This is probably not a good thing for the employers, but it demonstrates the increased degree of communication due to modern technology.Of course, some technologies have increased loneliness by any standards, such as the automobile or other transportation mechanisms. These encourage substantially longer commutes between home and work. Automobiles have made possible the pattern of suburbanization that has been in place in the United States since immediately after World War Two. Time spent commuting is generally unproductive and spent alone, unless the individual in question is car-pooling or using mass transit. The contribution of the commuting culture to loneliness may actually be changing now due to new technology that is being invented and used by the general public. Popular new devices, such as the cellular phone, the laptop computer, and the combination thereof may actually convert commuting time to a period of increased communications between people, to "pass the time". This will be especially true as use of mass transit grows, which will probably happen, due to problems with gas shortages, air pollution, and the creation of further mass transit by federal and local governments.The motivation for the declaration that loneliness is increasing may be due to the fact that many people, especially blue-collar workers, are unable to afford or use these new devices. However, since the advent of the personal computer, the price per computing power has continually lowered rapidly, and this trend shows no sign of changing. Several companies, such as Sun Microsystems and Oracle have announced that they are attempting to develop terminals with little computing power, but a full capability to access the Internet. These devices will be in approximately the $500 price range, which is much more reasonable than the price of the current top of the line PC. In addition, to cater to a larger mass of the public, software companies have been carefully making their products easier to use by non-"computer nerds". This trend is not likely to cease.In conclusion, although early development of modern transportation may have increased loneliness, I believe that more recent technologies are actually doing the opposite, stimulating interpersonal contact and encouraging intellectual expansion. The perception that the opposite is true derives from what I believe is poor definition of loneliness and the difficulty that the working class has in acquiring and using modern telecommunications devices.评价This strong response analyzes the complexities of the issue. In disagreeing with the prompt, the writer makes a distinction between two types of loneliness -- loneliness caused by "the absence of??? physical contact" and loneliness brought about by a lack of "intellectual contact" with others. The essay reasons that while "the automobile and other transportation mechanisms" originally kept passengers physically and intellectually isolated from one another, modern technology, such as the cellular telephone and laptop computer, has made intellectual contact "faster and easier" and has benefited users by allowing them to communicate with "a larger number of people."The response provides clear and relevant examples of the ways in which technological developments facilitate and encourage intellectual communication. The writer examines the impact of user-friendly Internet access on the individual's ability to interact with others even when physical distance separates the communicating parties.The organization is clear, yet transitions between paragraphs are not always smooth. The body of the essay lacks the focus that would help move it to a score of 6. It is not always clear how the information given relates to the essay's initial position (e.g., the discussion of current prices for personal computers in paragraph five). The conclusion, while clearly relevant, attempts to impose order on the somewhat loosely connected paragraphs, yet fails to add substance to the analysis.On the whole, the essay displays clarity and control, but the language is sometimes imprecise and less tightly controlled than it would be in a 6 essay. The following sentence is one such example: "The motivation for the declaration that loneliness is increasing may be due to the fact that many people, especially blue-collar workers, are unable to afford or use these new devices."4Looking at the above statement, I see a lot of truth to the statement . There are many ways that society has used the advanced technology in order to isolate themselves. It may or may not be a consious move, but the results are all the same. The isolation occurs in a variety of ways and in all different areas. By computerizing factories, there are more and more people working long hoursby themselves, with there only companion as a computer monitor. Although the company may be getting better production, the question that needs to be ask is at what cost to their employees.It is not only the management of big factories that are responsible for this isolation. This lonliness can be seen in many other settings. With the growing popularity of the television, the nation is seeing a decline in families talking and an increase in watching the television. Not only can this result in a generation of "coach potatoes", it is also causes less communication and a feeling of isolation from everyone that a person cares about.So far technology has entered the work place and the home, it has also entered the social relm. When you go to order food in the drive-thru, who is or better yet what is it that you talk to? It is a machine, although there is a person on the other end, you are still reciting your order to a machine. If it is ten o'clock at night and you need money, there are ATM's. All of these gadgets may be very nice and convient, but they result in lack of human contact.Although it might be easy to blame technolgy for our feelings of loneliness, it is just a cop out. By looking at all the ways technology causes isolation, it is still people who choose to use these convenient methods. If a person wants to have human contact, all they have to do is go inside to the bank or go inside the resturaunt to order. What it basically boils down to, is that it is our choice whether or not we use technology. It is a scary thought to think maybe one day we might live in a society where you will never have to leave your house. That by using FAX machines, computers, modems, and the telephone a person would never have to have human contact to get their job done. The thing is that if that is not what we as a society wants, we are the ones to speak out and change the outcome.评价This response presents a competent discussion of the issue. The position presented in the first paragraph -- that "there are many ways that society has used the advanced technology in order to isolate themselves" -- is adequately sustained, but the examples given are not always clearly relevant (e.g., in the case of paragraph one's "computerizing" of factories, the decision to use the technology is not made by the individual worker.) Also, the reasoning is not developed as fully as it would be in a response at the score level of 6 or 5.While organization is adequate, the response lacks the organized coherence of ideas that exemplify a 5 essay. Transitions, within and between paragraphs, are not always smooth or logical. The last paragraph could be much more clearly focused, i.e., several sentences repeat the same idea -- that "it is our choice whether or not we use technology" -- and the purpose or meaning of others (e.g., the last) is not immediately clear.In general, ideas are presented clearly, although awkward phrasing sometimes contributes to vagueness (e.g., "By looking at all the ways technology causes isolation, it is still people who choose to use these convenient methods"). Lack of sentence structure variety seems to inhibit the communication of ideas (e.g., many short sentences are often used where one or two compound ones could make the points more effectively). Overall, this is an adequate response to the topic.3The technological tools we as a society have developed are not in themselves positive or negative, they are just that, tools. The uses, however, are definitely a different story. Computers, I believe at one time, were developed to save us time. Do our work more quickly for us so that we could have more leisure time to spend doing those things we enjoy. We have found now, especially those of us that are parents, that all of the leisure time we have gained is either spent watching our children learn things on the computer or creating our own unique something on the family computer. For one thing, it has become a very fun item, the computers have become more than just work related technological tools. The amount of human interaction is limited, because people in general are spending much of their leisure time doing solo on the computer. In the past, it was common for the new young exectutive to get a membership to the exercise club as a perk, where he could socialize with the upper crust. Now the new young exec. gets a car phone or a portable fax, so that he can work from whereever he is, usually doing that solo trip to somewhere. Given these as examples, I would tend to agree with the statement that lonliness has increased as a direct result.评价This response is limited in both its analysis of the issue and its control of language.The writer clearly expresses the idea that "the technological tools we as a society have developed are not in themselves positive or negative." However, the essay provides only limited support for the position; the two examples are loosely connected and undeveloped.At times the organization of the essay makes for confusing reading. For example, the relevance of the "young executive" example is not clear because there is no transition from the preceding example of the computer. The conclusion, one sentence long, simply restates the claim made in the topic.The awkward sentences are evidence of a limited fluency. Greater use of compound sentences could help eliminate structural problems and facilitate the communication of ideas (e.g., sentences 3 and 4 could be combined).For all of these reasons, the essay received a score of 3.2、Computers of all shapes and sizes, p.c.'s, laptops, faxes, phones, the list never ends. All considered by our society as great technological advances. Not many would argue that the development of these tools has not advanced our world in some ways. However they certainly seem to be making our world one in which contact with our fellow man is less and less necessary. Though some may be more comfortable not having to engage in direct contact, it is questionable whether this is beneficial to society as a whole. The very least result could in fact be a very lonely world, but it may result in more significant problems.评价This response is seriously flawed. The analysis of the issue is extremely limited, and there are serious problems in sentence structure. The writer's position, never clearly stated, seems to be that as a result of technological developments, "contact with our fellow man is less and less necessary."However, the implications of this statement (and others) are never explored or developed. Furthermore, the list of technological advancements does not support or clarify the writer's already tenuously held position. Each new sentence could serve as a springboard to a thoughtful analysis but instead takes the response further from the apparent premise.While the essay exhibits a lack of sentence variety and contains some grammatical errors, the language is for the most part controlled. This response did not receive a score of 2 because of a language problem, but because reasoning, analysis, and development are extremely thin and insubstantial.1、This statement is stating. The more advance in tecnology that society becomes, the more we depend on technology to live our everyday lives. Society as a whole will out do daily tasks and depend more on machines and computers to accomplish those tasks for them. For example; I was told that the younger generations use caclators in classes on a everday level. We counld'nt do that. We had to resolve a problem on our own. Because caculators are being used, math problems are being adjusted around the caculators. If I didnt know how to use a caculator today then I most likely woulnd't know how to attempt to tackle the math of today. Computers of today are another example. Writing a essay took a lot of thought and hard work in past. Today, I can type some words in the computer and that computer will spell, make grammer correction, and dictate a right form to use in my essay. In the past we had to all these things on our own. I'm not putting down modern technology totally. I just want to state that if we take away people's ability to think then we will slowly loose our ability to function with out modern technology.评价This response is fundamentally deficient because it does not discuss the issue. Instead, it briefly discusses the drawbacks of specific types of technology (e.g., calculators and computers) in terms of the effect they have on an individual's ability to function without them.Furthermore, the essay lacks control of the basic elements of academic writing. Awkward and imprecise phrasing often interferes with meaning (e.g., "Society as a whole will out do daily tasks???").Test2"The media (books, film, music, television, for example) tend to create rather than reflect the values of a society."6For our grandparents it occurred through films and books. For the baby boomers it was a result oftelevision and revolutionary music. No matter how the impact took place, it is clear that since its very advent, the media have played a crucial role in not simply being representative of the values of our society but creating them as well.During the roaring twenties Americans found themselves in a struggle between the old ways of their ancestors and the new ways of the future. The once steadfast beliefs that men and women should not touch while dancing, and that ladies should not drink or smoke were suddenly being challenged. From where was all this rebellion stemming? Partly it was due to the returning doughboys from the shores of Europe bringing home revolutionary ideas they had encountered while at war. Nonetheless, returning soldiers could not be held responsible for the social upheaval that America experienced. There had to be another cause, and there was, the media. Although the films of the era were silent they spoke volumes to the society for which they were created. Women in these movies wore their hemlines a few inches shorter than the decade before them and they wore cosmetics to accentuate their new bobbed haircuts. The movies, as well as the books of that era, demonstrated a new materialistic attitude that America had never before experienced. Films portrayed every character as having the money to buy a new car, drink, smoke and partake in the leisures of life, a philosophy that was soon adopted by the youth of the decade. The use of the media in the twenties was to serve as a catalyst for the revolutionary ideas that were circulating. The films and books of that era sped America along its path of change that eventually led to the greatest social unrest that the United States had ever known.Unlike the twenties, the sixties and seventies utalized the media in a way that appealed to those searching for truth in a lost and confused world. Martin Luther King Jr. realized the impact of the media on society during his campaign for civil rights. King urged his followers to withstand any abuse that they might encounter because the media will take their peacefulness into the homes of their society. By doing so, King sucessfully began to change the traditional view of race. Americans began to sympathize with the protesters because of the undeserved turmoil they faced at the hands of the government. As a result, America relinquished the Jim Crow laws and saw many other groups press for their individual rights as well. Television cameras rolled as Cesar Chavez organized the migrant workers in California and as Bella Abzug and Gloria Steinham linked arms to protest the lack of women's rights.While the media helped to shape some attitudes about racism and gender it also helped to uncover the truth behind government lies. During the Nixon评价This is an outstanding response, even though it is not quite finished. The writer's views on the issue are so cogent, well articulated, and well developed that the writer was not penalized for failing to provide a conclusion. What matters is the quality of thinking and writing displayed, not whether an essay is totally finished or has a certain number of words.The writer's skill is apparent in the opening lines. The first words, "For our grandparents it occurred," immediately spark the reader's interest. The quick repetition of sentence structure and, once again, the intentionally vague use of "it" ("For the baby boomers it was") effectively draw the reader in. By the third sentence, we know that this essay will address the complexity of the issue ("not simply being representative??? but creating them as well") and that the writer is fully incommand of this discussion.The rest of the essay addresses the influence of historical events and media on the values of modern society, from the "roaring twenties" to the "sixties and seventies." Insightful analysis accompanies the historical references. For example, the writer persuasively argues that prominent figures (King, but also Chavez, Abzug, and Steinham) advanced their social agendas by capitalizing on the power of the media to change public opinion.Throughout the essay, the writer uses language and syntax effectively. Word choice is precise ("cosmetics to accentuate their new bobbed haircuts"), sentences are structured to communicate ideas clearly ("There had to be another cause, and there was, the media"), and transitional phrases help move the argument forward ("Unlike the twenties, the sixties????" and "By doing so, King successfully began to change the traditional view of race.")Occasional errors do appear (e.g., note the lack of logical comparison in "women??? wore their hemlines??? shorter than the decade before them"), but they are not intrusive.Other 6 essays might be more fully developed; indeed, this essay would be stronger if the writer had gone on to discuss the media's role in Nixon's Watergate scandal and to bring the argument to its conclusion. However, even in its unfinished state, the essay does present an insightful, well-articulated discussion of the issue.5、There are some who would say that the media reflects the values of society. I believe however, that the media in fact tend to create values in a society. The values created may be far different from the values that our society would choose to embrace. I offer two examples that serve well to illistrate that the media can in fact shape the very moral fibers in our society.The first medium that comes to mind is music. Through music we can proclaim our love, communicate feelings, and express new attiudes. Music is widely available to almost everyone in our society. To see how music has changed the values of our society, one needs only to look to the urban sprawl. Rap and gangsta styles of music reach millions of city teens and young adults. It's message is quite simple- violence, drugs, and sex . Young people are constantly bombarded with the message that if you want something all you have to do is to take it. The values of human life, respect for elders and children have been lost. We have gangs and random killings in the streets of most cities in our country. Are these my values? They are most certainly not. This music does not reflect the values of this society. This music is the very core of this degradation of our values. How many tricked out gang cars to you see that don't have the annoying bass rumble of Rap music vibrating out of them? This music is part of the persona of a whole generation of people. It is just as much a part of their ego as the guns, drugs, and abuse of women. Another medium that is shaping the values of our society is advertising.Advertising is everywhere, on T.V., billboards, radio, even at the ballpark. Through advertising some vendors can create "values". To illuminate my point I will use tobacco companies as an example. Joe Camel has convinced millions of young people that it is cool to smoke. TheMarlboro man has done the same. The audience is always the same. These ads are targeting young people. They have created the "value" among children that it is ok for kids to smoke. Again the values of society have been changed by a powerful media. I'm sure there are not too many parents out there who would want their children to start smoking. Another advertising media that will surely change the values of ous society is the Internet.The internet is really just the world's largest commercial launched under the veil of access of useful information. It will be interesting to see just how this new network that has brought the world together will affect our values. These are just examples but I think they are effective at making my point. I think they serve to illistrate that the media can in fact change our values. As for me, I'll be out back smoking a Don Lino, on a beautiful trout stream while sipping a cold beer, waiting for the trout to rise and hoping a couple of those girls from the Coors commercial show up.评价This is a well-developed response. The four-paragraph organizational structure serves as a useful framework for the writer to develop a position on the issue.The opening paragraph presents the writer's position ("media in fact tend to create values in a society") and announces the plan to present two examples to support that position.As promised, two examples (music and advertising) follow in the next two paragraphs. The discussion of these examples is focused, relevant, and clear. Using vivid details and an emphatic writing style, the writer shows how music (especially rap and gansta music) and advertising (especially cigarette ads) have negatively influenced American values.The final paragraph is an extension of the advertising example, focusing on the Internet as part of the advertising system. While the writer does little more than speculate on the influence that the Internet might have, this point does lead the reader to the writer's lively conclusion. The vivid picture of the writer enjoying the media-defined good life ("smoking a Don Lino??? while sipping a cold beer") effectively illustrates the writer's position that the media do, indeed, influence people in our society.Overall, the reasoning is persuasive and the examples are well chosen, but the argument lacks the insight and cogency necessary for a score of 6.The ideas in the essay are expressed clearly, although precision of language is not a strong feature. Sentences are generally well formed, often adding "punch" to the writer's views. Some sentences are unnecessary, especially those that belabor the obvious ("These are just examples but I think they are effective at making my point. I think they serve to illistrate that the media can in fact change our values.") Overall, however, the writing is representative of a 5 essay.4、The media does tend to create rather than reflect the values of a society.。
GRE写作-ISSUE高频提纲整理
1======================Issue 51======================【题目】”Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student.‖【翻译】只有针对每个学生的需要和兴趣，教育才真正的有意义。
【题纲】Position: There is no doubt that education should pay more attention on the needs and interests ofstudents, but it is possible for education to satisfy every student.1、从教育的目的上讨论，兴趣对教育的重要性；对个人，爱因斯坦有句至理名言：―兴趣是最好的老师‖；对社会，教育的目的就是为社会培养各种人才，如果不注重学生兴趣，那么他们到社会不可能尽其所能。
有时候可能埋没人才。
比如一味的强调分数，那么对发明有兴趣的学生可能会失去动力，eg.哥白尼以前学医，爱因斯坦小时候学习并不好（这个例子是以前看到别人用的，我没有想到很好的例子）2、学校必须努力发现并培养学生的兴趣。
因为有些学生没有意识到自己的兴趣，因此学校要在这方面作引导。
例如学校可以通过开设对终选修课，增加各类奖学金等方法来鼓励学生培养自己的兴趣；3、但是，鼓励兴趣的培养不等于学校必须根据每个学生的兴趣来进行教育，这既无意义也不现实；一方面老师是有限的，而学生的兴趣是各种各样的。
另一方面，学生没有足够的判断力来决定自己该学什么，比如数学，有些学生不喜欢学，但是能够去掉吗？过分强调学生兴趣势必会造成教学的紊乱，而且学生的兴趣不同阶段可能发生改变；4、总结2=================Issue 144=================【题目】"It is the artist, not the critic, who gives society something of lasting value."【翻译】是艺术家而不是批评家，给了社会一些永久的价值。
gre issue评分标准
GRE Issue的评分标准主要包括以下几个方面：
1. 文章结构：文章应该有清晰的结构，包括引言、主体和结论。
引言应该明确提出文章的主题，主体部分应该对主题进行深入的分析和讨论，结论部分应该总结文章的主要观点并给出明确的结论。
2. 语言表达：文章的语言表达应该清晰、准确、流畅。
评分员会注意拼写错误、语法错误、词汇选择等方面。
3. 逻辑推理：文章应该有逻辑推理的支持，论点应该有充分的证据和推理来支持。
评分员会注意论点的连贯性和一致性。
4. 观点阐述：文章的观点应该明确、有深度，并且能够支持文章的主题。
评分员会注意观点的独特性和深度。
5. 论证方式：文章应该采用适当的论证方式，如因果论证、比较论证等。
评分员会注意论证方式的合理性和有效性。
在评分过程中，每篇GRE Issue都会先由一名人类评分员根据GRE 写作评分标准给出整数分数（0到6之间的任意整数，包括0分、1分、2分、3分、4分、5分、6分）。
然后，ETS的e-rater（ETS基于自然语言分析研发的阅卷程序）会给出0到6之间的实数分数（0~6之间的任意实数值，可能是小数，也可能是整数）。
最终的分数将取两者的平均值。
以上信息仅供参考，建议查阅ETS官方网站获取更准确的信息。
论gre写作Issue的正确写作步骤!
论gre写作Issue的正确写作步骤!你知道gre作文issue怎么写吗?在今天的文章中，天道小编将为备战gre写作的朋友们就issue写作的步骤，逐一进行解析，希望可以给大家带来一定意义上的帮助!更多新gre写作资讯，还请继续关注天道教育gre相关频道!一. gre作文issue简介1. Issue要求就一般性话题提出一个观点，题目中会包含就该话题进行回应提出明确的写作要求;2. 考试时由计算机从题库(149个题目)中随机抽出一道题进行考试，新gre写作考试时长为30分钟;issue总分为6分。
3. 评分标准(score 6)：1) · articulates a clear and insightful position on the issue in accordance with the assigned task;2)· develops the p osition fully with compelling reasons and/or persuasive examples; ·3) sustains a well-focused, well-organized analysis, connecting ideas logically4) conveys ideas fluently and precisely, using effective vocabulary and sentence variety5) demonstrates facility with the conventions of standard written English (i.e., grammar, usage and mechanics), but may have minor errors4. Tips:1. 每篇文章由两位评分人分别打分;2. 如果两位评分人分数差异超过1分，将会由第三位评分人对成绩进行评定;若没有超过1分，则这篇文章最终取两个分数的平均值;3. 重视gre作文，因为作文内容是要寄送到学校作为参考的;4. ETS保留取消分数的权利：1)文字与其他一篇或几篇gre文章相似;2)引用或者改写一些出现在公开出版或未出版资源中的文字而不表明出处;3)未经授权使用与他人合作的成果而不表明他人贡献;4)表面上看是考生自己写的文章，事实上是从其他地方或其他人那里借鉴来的。
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一、28、85，94，113，120，121，127，145，147（政治）●一个伟大的国家必然关心民众的利益⏹民众构成国家的基础⏹没有民众的支持，国家很难存在下去⏹因此，国家有责任保障民从的生命、财产安全，为民从创造美好生活●但是，并不是说伟大的国家不需要统治者、艺术家、科学家的成就⏹统治者。
艺术家。
科学家。
⏹没有他们，国家即使愿意为民众某利益，也缺乏这样的能力⏹他们不仅为本国民众，还为。
⏹人们判断一个国家的影响力通常通过判断他们对人类文明的贡献，从这个意义上讲。
●Both...⏹一个关心民众利益的国家同时也解放了民众的思想，容易培养出优秀的。
⏹这些优秀的。
又反过来为民众创造财富⏹一个伟大的国家必然兼具二者二、58、37，40，47，90，142（教育）●表面上看，学习是个人的事⏹在学习上，每个人只对自己负责◆无论学习的好与坏，学习都仅仅直接影响自己⏹一个人学习的效果如果取决于他是否愿意学习，以及他的个性，比如是否能专注，比如是否能忍受loneiness⏹如果一个人不愿意学习，别人很难帮到他。
⏹一个主动学习的人在任何地方都可以学习。
◆很多人通过自学一样可以学到很多东西。
●但是，学校可以提供更好的学习环境，在一定程度上激励学生学习⏹一个人的学习动力并不是凭空而来，而受到很多外界因素的影响⏹学校正是提供这些因素spur学生去主动学习◆在学校里，老师引导学生去探索未知，激发学生学习的兴趣◆在学校里，同学互相帮助，携手同行◆学校同时提供良好的设备方便学生学习⏹虽然有人自学成材，甚至有人在家自学考上大学，但是调查表明，70%的高中毕业生进入大学，而只有10%不到未受高中教育的人进入大学。
⏹教育的目的是。
⏹这个目标更容易在学校里面实现三、57、33、74、、109、133、134（历史）The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times.●表面上看，研究历史可以让我们明白过去和现在存在很多相似之处⏹ A thing today often has the same or similar contend as that in a history fact.◆比如，一场战争。
虽然weapon, equipment for a modern war与古时有很大的不同，但是现在战争同古代战争一样要经过mobilization, preparation, declaration,fighting, negotiation 等过程。
⏹And then, a thing today often often occurs for the same purpose as that in history.◆战争的目的也有很多相似性：sometimes for defending ourselves, sometimes forachieving resource and property, sometimes for justice, sometimes for evil.⏹Moreover, a thing today often has the same result and similar influence as that in history.◆ A war always has winners and losers. Winners achieve fruit of success, gainingproperty and repute from losers, while losers suffers from pain, both materially andspiritually. For the world, the world political structure change again; For a ordinarypeople, whatever the member of winners or losers, he always retreat peaceful lifeagain.⏹学习历史，人们可以发现，现在的许多问题不过是以前问题的另一种表现形式，并且可以借鉴前人的经验●However, social development, especially development in science and technology, limit theextent of similarity between history and today.⏹ A thing may express itself in a totally different form, making it hard to be discerned.⏹Socially development bring about many new problems people never encounter inhistory.⏹Thus, we should avoid treat things in old methods. Some methods should be modifiedfrom the old ones and some new methods should be developed from without.⏹For example, in a modern war, weapon and equipment play an more and more importantrole in determining which one would be the winner. For example, it's unbelievable in thepast that a nuclear bomb can even destroy a city, but nowadays, the danger of nuclearwar is at hand. The influence of nuclear energy is so vast that it even change the world'spolitical structure and people's way of thinking. It's now possible that a war between twocountries all owning nuclear bomb bring the whole earth into the hell.●Actually, studying history have more profound meaning than dispelling the illusion thatpeople living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times.⏹The main benefit of the study of history, in my view, is to abstract universal principlesconcerning social development, human nature and so on.◆Such principles as how the social develop and what's the human nature, are trueabout human society.◆Comparing with searching for similarity in history fact, searching for principles ismore essential.●Facts may change, both their source, content and results, while the principlesare constant, hiding in books, in historical dust, waiting for people todiscovery.●Principles are more helpful for our understanding history, the world, and wemankind.◆Through principles, we can analyze the past, we can solving problems right now,we can predict the future; we can follow the so-called unseen hands to rediscoveryhow businessman earn money, how goods be transported from here to there andessentially, how economy operates or how economical principles manage our lives.四、82、97、100、124（教育）Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at leastone semester studying in a foreign country.Students may benefit from their experience of studying in a foreign country if they could get such opportunity.But who can afford such suggestion? I mean, only a few colleges and universities have the ability to send their students studying in a foreign country, although merely one semester. Generally, studying abroad is large expense for most of students just in colleges and universities. Only few institutes, including government, companies, colleges and universities, only few families and only few students themselves are willing to afford it. On the other hand, there are not enough foreign education institutes available for accepting a large number of students in a short period of time. Thus, such suggestion sounds appealing, but not practicable.Moreover, is it necessarily to require every student to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country? Anyhow, students in a foreign country will face many problems. Not every student has the ability to solve those complicated problems.Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at leastone semester studying in a foreign country.正：到国外学习有好处随着社会发展，联系紧密，需要了解外国文化。