南京林业大学研究生英语期末试题(A).2010.6

南京林业大学研究生英语期末试题（A）2010年6月Part I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 points, 1 point each)Section AListen to the conversations carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard.1. a. The bookstore is rarely crowded.b. The woman has bought all her textbooks for this semester.c. Many students have used books to sell.d. Last semester’s books cost the woman several hundred dollars.2. a. The graph is in the center of the page.b. She can’t discuss the problem until later.c. S he’s only finished half of the document.d. They should look for another graph immediately.3. a. He’s supposed to go to the meeting.b. He wants the woman to give George the message.c. He doesn’t know why George can’t attend the meeting.d. He forgot to deliver a message.4. a. End his conversation quickly. b. Make several calls for the woman.c. Take the phone off the hook.d. Write down his phone number.5. a. Return his literature books to the library.b. Keep his books from the literature class.c. Sell his literature books to the woman.d. give his literature books to his roommate.6. a. Fill out an application form.b. Apply for a different positionc. File the papers in the cabinet.d. Show her the advertisement from the newspaper7. a. Go with her to the airport. b. Talk to her for a short time.c. Find out when the plane is leaving.d. Make the phone call now.8. a. He will give the woman directions to Chicago.b. He will drive the woman to Chicago.c. He will get a map for the woman.d. He will take the woman to the bookstore.9. a. He didn’t show his paintings at the exhibit.b. He didn’t see the paintings.c. He doesn’t understand Ted’s art.d. The exhibit was canceled.10. a. The woman has canceled her trip to Iowa.b. The snowstorm is getting weaker.c. The man’s information isn’t accurate.d. They also may get a lot of snow.11. a. She will spend some time to get ready for the dinner.b. She will join them for dinner on time.c. She will go out shopping.d. She will need all the time she can get to prepare for a test.12. a. Take the class this semester. b. Get permission to take the class.c. Take the class over again.d. Register for the class next semester.13. a. He doesn’t like his new eyeglass frames.b. He hasn’t had a haircut.c. He got his eyeglasses a long time ago.d. He has been asked by several people about his new eyeglass frames.14. a. He shouldn’t have applied for the job.b. He is disappointed with his interview.c. He performed well in the interview.d. He doesn’t want to discuss the interview now.15. a. She left the lecture for a few minutes.b. She was reading during the lecture.c. She may have fallen asleep.d. She misunderstood the speakers’ last points.Section BListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you have heard.16. a. To protect the United States from terrorist attacks.b. To investigate threats from other countries.c. To employ more people skilled in languages.d. To appoint more people to intelligence positions.17. a. The FBI has failed to collect information about religious organizations.b. The FBI headquarters lacks skilled agents.c. More hands are greatly needed in gathering information about terrorist attacks.d. The FBI has been criticized for its actions in relation to the Sept. 11th terrorist attacks.18. a. 11,500. b. 900. c. 500. d. 1,900.19. a. People whose major is information technology.b. People who studied foreign languages in college.c. People skilled in computer technology, science and languages.d. people skilled in gathering and studying intelligence information.20. a. The new rules interfere with traditional American rights.b. The new rules have threatened the safety of American Muslims.c. The new rules will bring efficiency to the FBI.d. Under the new rules, political dissenters will be expelled from the U.S.PART II VOCABULARY (15 points, 0.5 point each )Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined one, and blacken the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.21. I tried to explain, but he just gave me a blank look.A. funnyB. expressionlessC. generousD. attractive22. There are literally millions of new acquaintances waiting to be picked up in a chat room to fillthat void.A. vacancyB. compensationC. competencyD. completion23. Far too often, even his parents, intimidated by the high-priced, high-tech gadget that hassucked their child’s humanity away, tiptoe a round rather than disturb him.A. unitedB. composedC. frightenedD. maimed24. The whole planet has become a war zone generating a bio-crisis not just for individual species,but for entire webs of life.A. producingB. enforcingC. exemplifyingD. clarifying25. I don’t know what will become of the boy if he keeps failing his exams.A. happen toB. blow downC. attribute toD. conflict with26. Industrial contamination is pervasive, even in the fat cells of Antarctic penguins.A. criticalB. widespreadC. undoingD. frenzy27. There are copious signs that our ability to feed ourselves is declining due to abuse andover-exploitation of our food sources.A. idealB. abundantC. contraryD. obvious28. Our century has given a privileged layer or humanity an industrially organized life moreopulent, more wasteful yet also more alienated and depressed than that of any ancient king.A. tangibleB. hypnoticC. plentifulD. improbable29. Eco-efficiency had directed business to restrict industry and curtail growth.A. toutB. zingerC. threatenD. limit30. Henry Ford, the American industrialist, was adamant about lean and clean operating policies.A. solemnB. unawareC. unyieldingD. caustic31. All biological nutrients should be designed to return to the organic cycle --- to be literallyconsumed by microorganisms and other creatures in the soil.A. brieflyB. whollyC. exactlyD. hardly32. As novel as eco-efficiency may have seemed at the Earth Summit in 1992, its roots go back toearly industrialization.A. awfulB. hideousC. queerD. new33. This paper presents some data from a survey of Open University undergraduate studentscarried out early in 1998.A. offersB. inquiresC. wadsD. morphs34. In a world where humans are the measure of all things, every unique manifestation of lifebecomes merchandise and rare butterflies have little chance of living out their own evolutionary destiny.A. impressionB. demonstrationC. exaggerationD. investigation35. Sadly, such macrocosmic insults as dam construction, logging, the use of biocides, and urbansprawl function as a threat to butterflies and their habitat.A. developmentB. gadgetC. one-linerD. expansion36. There is a wide divergence of opinion about planetary carrying-capacity.A. dilemmaB. agreementC. disagreementD. irony37. I have practised Tai Chi, an ancient meditative martial art.A. sportingB. macrocosmicC. thoughtfulD. traditional38. She feels great empathy with her little daughter.A. embassyB. carryingC. inspiringD. sharing39. Their willingness to compromise, to accept the idea that such give-and-take is part of life,allows the game to proceed.A. desensitizeB. stalkC. suspendD. continue40. The act of playing with the Play-Doh sparks other interests --- maybe she’ll work withmodeling clay that she can bake into a permanent form, or paints.A. incitesB. formsC. smashesD. enjoys41. Pragmatic self-interest alone should teach us that we must change before nature exactsinevitable revenge.A. demandsB. providesC. renewsD. inspired42. An optimistic, problem-solving attitude can sometimes conceal a deeper despair.A. divergeB. hideC. alterD. intercept43. Although it is cheap, the original high-quality material is not retrieved, and it eventually endsup in landfill or incinerators.A. improvedB. foundC. regainedD. depleted44. Manufactured carpets are normally made from nylon embedded in fiberglass and PVC, alongwith some biodegradable materials.A. removedB. retainedC. fixedD. replaced45. The same ideal was promoted by the Business Council in 1992, but with the catchier term“eco-efficiency”.A. refusedB. criticizedC. supportedD. corrected46. It is difficult to get reliable data about use and access to ICTs in the home.A. exactB. properC. compulsoryD. dependable47. Data from this group therefore gives some indication of what the similar population might beexperiencing nationally.A. signB. privilegeC. prizeD. investigation48. The data identifies a situation of unequal access to ICT hardware.A. provesB. facilitatesC. appeals toD. predicted49. It is the potential of electronic communication which ICTs offer that open new possibilities foradult and continuing education.A. advantageB. possibilityC. inequalityD. interaction50. A slightly larger percentage of men are using the web for study: 15%, compared with 13% ofwomen.A. partialB. proportionC. numberD. amountPART III READING COMPREHENSION (20 points, 1 point each )Directions: In this part of the test, there are four passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D and blacken the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for a fortnight. When he came to analyze their embarrassing lapses ( 差错) in a scientific report, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings, nor did the lapses appear to be entirely random (随机的).One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “The explanation for this is t hat the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. "People program themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman's custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. But somehow the action got reversed in the program," About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these "program assembly failures,"Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing -- an average of twelve each, There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest (荒谬可笑的). These are two hours some time between eight a.m. and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak between eight and ten p.m. "Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover in brain 'programs' occurs, as for instance between going to and from work." Women on average reported slightly more lapses -- 12.5 compared with 10.9 for men m probably because they were more reliable reporters.A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that skill reduces the number of errorswe make. But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating more could make things a lot worse m even dangerous.51. In his study Professor Smith asked the subjects_____.A) to keep track of people who tend to forget thingsB) to report their embarrassing lapses at randomC) to analyze their awkward experiences scientificallyD) to keep a record of what they did unintentionally52. Professor Smith discovered that_____.A) certain patterns can be identified in the recorded incidentsB) many people were too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindednessC) men tend to be more absent-minded than womenD) absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness53. "Program assembly failures" (Line 6, Para. 2) refers to the phenomenon that people_____.A) often fail to program their routines beforehandB) tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurryC) unconsciously change the sequence of doing thingsD) are likely to mess things up if they are too tired54. We learn from the third paragraph that_____.A) absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the dayB) women are very careful to perform actions during peak periodsC) women experience more peak periods of absent-mindednessD) men's absent-mindedness often results in funny situations55. It can be concluded from the passage that_____.A) people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapsesB) hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good atC) people should be careful when programming their actionsD) lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentrationPassage TwoQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Throughout the nation's more than 15,000 school districts, widely differing approaches to teaching science and math have emerged. Though there can be strength in diversity, a new international analysis suggests that this variability has instead contributed to lackluster (平淡的) achievement scores by U.S. children relative to their peers in other developed countries.Indeed, concludes William H. Schmidt of Michigan State University, who led the new analysis, "no single intellectually coherent vision dominates U.S. educational practice in math or science.'' The reason, he said, "is because the system is deeply and fundamentally flawed."The new analysis, released this week by the National Science Foundation in Arlington, Va.,is based on data collected from about 50 nations as part of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study.Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among individual U.S. communities, the report finds, but there appears to be little strategic focus within a school distr ict’s curricula, its textbooks, or its teachers' activities. This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other countries.On average, U.S. students study more topics within science and math than their international counterparts do. This creates an educational environment that "is a mile wide and an inch deep," Schmidt notes.For instance, eighth graders in the United States cover about 33 topics in math versus just 19 in Japan. Among science courses, the international gap is even wider. U.S. curricula for this age level resemble those of a small group of countries including Australia, Thailand, Iceland, and Bulgaria. Schmidt asks whether the United States wants to be classed with these nations, whose educational systems "share our pattern of splintered (支离破碎的) visions" but which are not economic leaders.The new report "couldn't come at a better time," says Gerald Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association in Arlington. "The new National Science Education Standards provide that focused vision," including the call "to do less, but in greater depth."Implementing the new science standards and their math counterparts will be the challenge, he and Schmidt agree, because the decentralized responsibility for education in the United States requires that any reforms be tailored and instituted one community at a time.In fact, Schmidt argues, reforms such as these proposed national standards "face an almost impossible task, because even though they are intellectually coherent, each becomes only one more voice in the babble ( 嘈杂声)."56. According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in America isA) focused on tapping students' potentialB) characterized by its diversityC) losing its vitality graduallyD) going downhill in recent years57. The fundamental flaw of American school education is that ________.A) it lacks a coordinated national programB) it sets a very low academic standard for studentsC) it relies heavily on the initiative of individual teachersD) it attaches too much importance to intensive study of school subjects58. By saying that the U.S. educational environment is "a mile wide and an inch deep" (Line 2, Para. 5), the author means U.S. educational practice ________.A) lays stress on quality at the expense of quantityB) offers an environment for comprehensive educationC) encourages learning both in depth and in scopeD) scratches the surface of a wide range of topics59. The new National Science Education Standards are good news in that they willA) provide depth to school science educationB) solve most of the problems in school teachingC) be able to meet the demands of the communityD) quickly dominate U.S. educational practice60. Putting the new science and math standards into practice will prove difficult because________.A) there is always controversy in educational circlesB) not enough educators have realized the necessity for doing soC) school districts are responsible for making their own decisionsD) many schoolteachers challenge the acceptability of these standards.Passage ThreeQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.In its 4.5 billion years, Earth has evolved from its hot, violent birth to the celebrated watery blue planet that stands out in pictures from space. But in a new book, two noted University of Washington astrobiologists say the planet already has begun the log process of devolving into a burned-out cinder, eventually to be swallowed by the sun.By the ir reckoning, Earth’s “day in the sun” has reached 4:30 a.m., corresponding to its 4.5 billion-year age. By 5 a.m., the 1 billion-year reign of animals and plants will come to an end. At 8 a.m. the oceans will vaporize. At noon-after 12 billion year-the ever-expanding sun, transformed into a red gain, will engulf the planet, melting away any evidence it ever existed and sending molecules and atoms that once were Earth floating off into space.“The disappearance of our plane is still 7.5 billion years away, bur people really should consider the fate of our world and have a realistic understanding of where we are going.” said UW astrophysicist Donald Brownlee. “We live in a fabulous place at a fabulous time. It’s a healthy thing for people to realize what a treasure this is in space and time , and fully appreciate and protect their environment as much as possible.”The prospects of humans surviving by moving to some other habitable planet or moon aren’t good, Brownlee and Ward contend, because even if such a place were found, getting there would be a huge obstacle. V arious probes sent into space could survive Earth’s demise, and just a few grams of material could arguably carry a DNA sample from every human, they say, but it’s not likely the human species itself will survive. Long before the planet’s final end, life will become quite challenging, and finally impossible, for humans.As the sun gets hotter and grows in size, it will envelop Mercury and V enus. It is possible it will stop just short of Earth, the authors say, but the conditions still would make this a most inhospitable planet. More likely, though, the sun will consume earth as well, severing all the chemical bonds between molecules and sending its individual atoms out into space, perhaps eventually to form new planes. That would leave Mars as the nearest planet to the sun, and on Mars the fading sun’s glow would be like that of Earth’s moon.That end is still some 7.5 billion years distant, but by then Earth will have faced a variety of “ends” along th e way, the authors say. The dinosaur perished long age. Still to come are the last elephant, the last tree, the last flower, the last glacier, the last snowflake, the last ocean, the last life.“It’s a healthy thing to think of the place of Earth among the other planets, and its place in the sun. The sun gave life and ultimately it will bring death.”61. According to the new book, the life expectancy of the Earth is ______.A) 1 billion years B) 4.5 billion yearsC) 7.5 billion years D) 12 billion years62. It can be inferred from this passage that_______.A) life is nothing B) the world is preciousC) man can never conquer nature D) the future of human species is gloomy63. The authors of the new book believe that the human species will_______.A) disappear long before the disappearance of the EarthB) survive in the universe even if the Earth disappearsC) find a place to live after the disappearance of the EarthD) be sent into space by various spacecrafts64. All of the following things would come to an end before the final end of the earth,except_______.A) Mars B) animals C) plants D) oceans65.The authors of the new book intend to tell readers primarily that_______.A)the Earth is nothing but one planet in the solar systemB) nothing can survive for everC) we should cherish our life and environment of EarthD) the sun gave life and ultimately it will bring death.Passage FourQuestions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century slow, quiet and gentlemanly. There are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still. On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close-ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. Y ou will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you. Take, for exa mple, the third baseman. Y ou sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees bent. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic can not think any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws; the thirdbaseman goes up on his toes, bends his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, take a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth in the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in the glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement, baseball is chamber music, a spacious combination of notes, choruses and responses.66. The passage is mainly concerned with ____________.A) The different tastes of people for sports B) The different characteristics of sportsC) The attraction of football D) The attraction of baseball67. Those who don’t like baseball may complain that___________.A) it is only to the taste of the old.B) it involves fewer players than footballC) it is not exciting enoughD) it is showy and looks funny68. The author admits that __________________.A) baseball is too peaceful for the youngB) baseball may seem boring when watched on TVC) football is more attractive than baseballD) baseball is more interesting than football.69. By stating, “I could have had my eyes closed.” the author means ___________.A) the third baseman would rather sleep than play the gameB) even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no difference to theresultC) the third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed allthe time and does his work wellD) the consequence was too bad that he could not bear to see it70. We could safely conclude that the author ______________.A) likes football C) hates baseballB) hates football D) likes baseballPART IV TRANSLATION (30 points)Section A (20 points, 4 points each)Directions: Put the following parts into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the appropriate space on your answer sheets.71. The player is as much a tool of the game as the joystick. Her momentary fun is unsatisfying because it leads not to any genuine sense of achievement but only to the hypnotic experience of watch ing someone else’s creation unfold.72. As novel as eco-efficiency may have seemed at the Earth Summit in 1992, its roots go back to early industrialization. Henry Ford saved his company money by recycling, and reusing materials, reduced the use of natural resources, minimized packaging, and set new standards with histimesaving assembly line back in 1926.73. The data was analysed by gender and demonstrates some significant gender inequalities in access to, and use of, information and communication technologies (ICTs) both in the work and domestic context. These media are proposed as main delivery and support media for adult students. Gender inequality is therefore of serious concern.74. As amusing and ingenious as electronic entertainment can be, children——and the society they live in——are the losers when they rely on these forms of fun. Unlike traditional games and toys, “wired” entertainment encourages kids to be unimaginative, socially immature, and crudely desensitized to the world around them.75. Human beings are now altering the basic physiology of the planet. Industrial smog can be found everywhere over the oceans, and weather patterns are so distorted that climatologists now discuss “climate death”. Industrial contamination is pervasive, even in the fat cells of Antarctic penguins. The rain is not only acid but toxic. Whether industrialism warms or cools the atmosphere, its chemical experiment threatens to change life in ways barely imaginable, but undoubtedly for the worse.Section B(10 points, 2 points each)Directions: Put the following sentences into English. Use the word or expression given in the bracket after each sentence. Write your English version in the appropriate space on your answer sheets.76. 提供电子化社会交往的设施对女性具有吸引力。