Further Mapping of the Achatina Giant Neurone Types Sensitive to the Neuroactive Peptides Isolated
The rapid evolution of the born-again giant Sakurai's object
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Asplund et al.: The rapid evolution of the born-again giant Sakurai’s object
To date, only three stars are believed to have been observed going through a born-again phase: V605 Aql (Nova Aql 1919), FG Sge and the recently discovered Sakurai’s object (V4334 Sgr) (Nakano et al. 1996). A further handful of stars (e.g. Abell 30 and Abell 78) presently in a seemingly second stage as planetary nebulae may be identified as having recently been born-again giants. Furthermore, the R CrB variables could also possibly be born-again giants (Asplund et al. 1997b; Asplund et al. 1998; Lambert et al. 1998); their H-deficiency can be explained if the final He-shell flash occurs after the outer H-burning shell has been extinguished, in which case the convection zone due to the He-flash may ingest and burn the H-rich envelope.
2025年研究生考试考研英语(一201)试卷与参考答案
2025年研究生考试考研英语(一201)模拟试卷与参考答案一、完型填空（10分）Section ARead the following passage and fill in each blank with ONE word that best fits the context. Each blank has four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should read the passage through carefully before making your choices.In the past, a typical student at a university in the United States was a white, middle-class male, usually between the ages of 18 and 22. He entered college directly from high school, majored in a technical subject, and had a clear idea of what he wanted to do after graduation. Now, the typical student is different. Today’s university students are diverse in terms of race, gender, age, and background. They come from all walks of life and bring with them a variety of experiences and perspectives.The diversity of today’s university students is a reflection of the changing society in which they live. The population of the United States is increasingly multicultural, and universities are responding to this trend by becoming more inclusive. This shift in demographics has had a significant impact on the curriculum and the teaching methods used in universities.1.The passage begins by describing the_of a typical student in the past.A) ageB) backgroundC) genderD) major2.The word “he” in the second sentence refers to the _.A) universityB) studentC) teacherD) high school3.According to the passage, today’s university students are _.A) mostly whiteB) of similar ageC) diverseD) all male4.The phrase “all walks of life” in the second paragraph means _.A) different levels of societyB) various interestsC) different jobsD) various backgrounds5.The passage suggests that universities are_in response to the multicultural society.A) becoming exclusiveB) segregating studentsC) adaptingD) resisting change6.The author implies that the curriculum at universities has_due to the demographic changes.A) become more technicalB) become more diverseC) remained the sameD) become more restrictive7.The teaching methods used in universities have_to accommodate the diverse student population.A) changedB) remained unchangedC) become more rigidD) been abandoned8.The passage indicates that the population of the United States is _.A) becoming more homogeneousB) decreasing in sizeC) increasingly multiculturalD) declining9.The author uses the word “trend” to describe the _.A) increasing number of studentsB) growing diversity in societyC) decline of traditional universitiesD) changing demographics10.The author suggests that the shift in demographics has_on universities.A) had no impactB) caused problemsC) had a significant impactD) been unnoticed11.The word “inclusive” in the third paragraph can be best replaced by _.A) exclusiveB) diverseC) variedD) broad12.The author mentions that the diversity of students has led to _.A) a more homogeneous curriculumB) a more diverse curriculumC) a more restrictive curriculumD) a more exclusive curriculum13.The author implies that the teaching methods used in universities are _.A) being updatedB) becoming outdatedC) becoming more standardizedD) becoming more traditional14.The passage indicates that the population of the United States is _.A) becoming more homogeneousB) decreasing in sizeC) increasingly multiculturalD) declining15.The author suggests that the shift in demographics has_on universities.A) had no impactB) caused problemsC) had a significant impactD) been unnoticed16.The author uses the word “trend” to describe the _.A) increasing number of studentsB) growing diversity in societyC) decline of traditional universitiesD) changing demographics17.The passage indicates that the population of the United States is _.A) becoming more homogeneousB) decreasing in sizeC) increasingly multiculturalD) declining18.The author suggests that the shift in demographics has_on universities.A) had no impactB) caused problemsC) had a significant impactD) been unnoticed19.The author uses the word “trend” to describe the _.A) increasing number of studentsB) growing diversity in societyC) decline of traditional universitiesD) changing demographics20.The author implies that the teaching methods used in universities are _.A) being updatedB) becoming outdatedC) becoming more standardizedD) becoming more traditionalAnswers:1.B) background2.B) student3.C) diverse4.D) various backgrounds5.C) adapting6.B) become more diverse7.A) changed8.C) increasingly multicultural9.B) growing diversity in society10.C) had a significant impact11.B) diverse12.B) a more diverse curriculum13.A) being updated14.C) increasingly multicultural15.C) had a significant impact16.B) growing diversity in society17.C) increasingly multicultural18.C) had a significant impact19.B) growing diversity in society20.A) being updated二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）第一题Passage:The digital age has brought about significant changes in the way we communicate, work, and live. With the advent of the internet, social media, andvarious digital devices, our lives have become more connected than ever before. However, this digital revolution has also raised concerns about the impact it has on our mental health. One of the most prevalent issues is the rise in social isolation and loneliness, particularly among young adults.A recent study conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health found that young adults are more likely to experience symptoms of depression and anxiety compared to previous generations. The study attributes this to the excessive use of digital devices and social media, which can lead to a lack of face-to-face interaction and a decline in social skills. According to the study, young adults who spend more time on social media are more likely to report feelings of loneliness and social isolation.The study also highlights the negative effects of social isolation on mental health. Social isolation has been linked to an increased risk of depression, anxiety, and even cardiovascular disease. Moreover, individuals who feel socially isolated may experience a decline in their overall well-being and quality of life.To address these concerns, experts recommend several strategies to mitigate the negative effects of social isolation in the digital age. Firstly, they emphasize the importance of maintaining a healthy balance between digital and face-to-face interactions. This means reducing the amount of time spent on digital devices and making an effort to engage in real-life social activities. Secondly, experts suggest that individuals should be more mindful of theironline behavior and avoid excessive use of social media, especially during stressful or challenging times. Lastly, building a strong support network of friends, family, and community can help combat feelings of social isolation.The digital age has undoubtedly brought numerous benefits, but it is crucial to be aware of the potential negative effects it can have on our mental health. By adopting healthy habits and being proactive in fostering social connections, we can better navigate this digital landscape and maintain our mentalwell-being.Questions:1、What is the main topic of the passage?A. The benefits of the digital ageB. The negative effects of social isolationC. The role of social media in mental healthD. The importance of maintaining a healthy balance between digital and face-to-face interactions2、According to the passage, what is the primary cause of the rise in social isolation and loneliness among young adults?A. Excessive use of digital devices and social mediaB. The decline in social skillsC. The negative effects of social isolation on mental healthD. A lack of face-to-face interaction3、What are the negative effects of social isolation on mental health,according to the passage?A. Increased risk of depression and anxietyB. A decline in overall well-being and quality of lifeC. Cardiovascular diseaseD. All of the above4、What strategies are recommended by experts to mitigate the negative effects of social isolation in the digital age?A. Reducing the amount of time spent on digital devicesB. Engaging in real-life social activitiesC. Being more mindful of online behaviorD. Building a strong support networkE. All of the above5、What is the main message of the passage?A. The digital age has brought about significant changes in the way we communicate, work, and live.B. Social isolation and loneliness are prevalent issues in the digital age.C. The negative effects of social isolation on mental health are significant.D. By adopting healthy habits and fostering social connections, we can maintain our mental well-being.Answers:1、B2、A3、D4、E5、D第二题Reading PassageThe following passage is followed by some questions. For each question, four answers are given. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question.In the 19th century, the development of the steam engine and the expansion of the railway network revolutionized transportation and industry. The steam engine, invented by James Watt in the late 18th century, provided a powerful source of energy that could be harnessed to drive machinery and power locomotives. This innovation led to the Industrial Revolution, which transformed societies and economies across the world.The steam engine was a remarkable piece of engineering, as it converted heat energy into mechanical work. The engine worked by using steam pressure to move a piston, which in turn drove the machinery. The invention of the steam engine had a profound impact on various sectors of society, including agriculture, mining, and manufacturing.1.What was the primary innovation of James Watt in the late 18th century?A. The steam engineB. The railway networkC. The steam turbineD. The internal combustion engine2.What was the main purpose of the steam engine?A. To generate electricityB. To power locomotivesC. To heat homesD. To produce steam3.How did the steam engine work?A. By using wind pressure to move a turbineB. By using steam pressure to move a pistonC. By using hydraulic pressure to move a pumpD. By using nuclear energy to create steam4.What was the most significant impact of the steam engine on society?A. It improved agricultural productivityB. It led to the development of new forms of transportationC. It increased the availability of clean waterD. It reduced the need for manual labor5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a sector of society affected by the steam engine?A. AgricultureB. EducationC. MiningD. ManufacturingAnswers:1.A. The steam engine2.B. To power locomotives3.B. By using steam pressure to move a piston4.B. It led to the development of new forms of transportation5.B. EducationThird Question: Traditional Reading ComprehensionReading Passage:In the heart of the Amazon rainforest, scientists have discovered a previously unknown species of frog, which they have named “Callimico mexicanus.” This frog, with its iridescent green skin and distinctive call, has been a mystery to biologists for decades. The discovery of this species has sparkeda new wave of research into the biodiversity of the Amazon and the potential impact of climate change on its delicate ecosystem.The Amazon rainforest is one of the most complex and diverse ecosystems on Earth, home to thousands of plant and animal species. However, human activities, such as deforestation and pollution, have put immense pressure on this vital ecosystem. The new species of frog, with its unique characteristics, could provide valuable insights into the health of the Amazon’s biodiversity.1.The main purpose of this passage is to:a) Describe the discovery of a new species of frog.b) Discuss the impact of climate change on the Amazon rainforest.c) Analyze the biodiversity of the Amazon rainforest.d) Explain the role of humans in the conservation of the Amazon rainforest.2.The word “iridescent” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to:a) Transparentb) Varying in colorc) Hardd) Smaller3.The author mentions “thousands of plant and animal species” to:a) Emphasize the diversity of the Amazon rainforest.b) Highlight the new species of frog.c) Criticize the impact of human activities on the Amazon.d) Compare the Amazon rainforest to other ecosystems.4.It can be inferred from the passage that:a) The new species of frog is the most diverse species in the Amazon.b) The discovery of the new species has led to a significant reduction in deforestation.c) Scientists are studying the new species to understand the effects of climate change.d) The Amazon rainforest is not as important as other ecosystems.5.The author’s tone throughout the passage can be described as:a) Skepticalb) Excitedc) Boredd) IndifferentAnswers:1.b2.b3.a4.c5.b第四题Reading PassageIn the world of science, the greatest discoveries often come from unexpected sources. The case of the discovery of penicillin is no exception. This remarkable story begins with a curious incident involving a moldy bread and the observations of a young Scottish scientist named Alexander Fleming.One day, Alexander Fleming returned to his laboratory after a holiday, only to find that one of his cultures had become contaminated with a strange mold. Rather than discarding the culture, he decided to examine it further. He noticed that the mold was killing the bacteria in the culture. Intrigued, Fleming began to study the mold and its properties. He discovered that it produced a substance that had antibacterial properties. This substance, which he named penicillin, was the first antibiotic and would revolutionize the treatment of bacterial infections.1、What is the main topic of the reading passage?A、The discovery of penicillinB、The importance of scientific observationC、The history of antibioticsD、The life of Alexander Fleming2、Why did Alexander Fleming decide to examine the moldy bread culture?A、He wanted to discard it.B、He was interested in the mold’s antibacterial properties.C、He was on a holiday.D、He didn’t care about the contamination.3、What did Alexander Fleming discover about the mold?A、It was killing the bacteria in the culture.B、It was a common type of mold.C、It was the cause of the contamination.D、It was beneficial for bacterial growth.4、What is the significance of the discovery of penicillin?A、It showed that mold can kill bacteria.B、It helped to improve the quality of bread.C、It led to the development of new antibiotics.D、It helped to prevent contamination in laboratories.5、What is the name of the substance that Fleming named after discovering its antibacterial properties?A、MoldB、BacteriaC、PenicillinD、Antibiotic答案：1、A2、B3、A4、D5、C三、阅读理解新题型（10分）PassageThe rise of the Internet has dramatically transformed the way people communicate and access information. One of the most significant changes brought about by the Internet is the emergence of online social networks. These networks allow individuals to connect with others, share information, and collaborate on various projects. However, this transformation has also raised concerns about the impact on face-to-face interactions and the potential risks associated with online communication.Online social networks offer numerous benefits. They provide a platform for people to maintain and strengthen existing relationships, as well as toestablish new connections with like-minded individuals. Moreover, these networks enable users to access a wealth of information, resources, and opportunities. For instance, students can join online study groups, professionals can network with peers in their field, and job seekers can find employment opportunities.Despite these benefits, there are potential drawbacks to online social networks. One major concern is the decline in face-to-face interactions. As people become more reliant on digital communication, they may find themselves less inclined to engage in face-to-face conversations, which can hinder the development of interpersonal skills. Additionally, online social networks can expose individuals to various risks, such as cyberbullying, privacy breaches, and identity theft.Online social networks also have the potential to impact mental health. Excessive use of these networks can lead to social isolation, anxiety, and depression. The constant comparison with others’ seemingly perfect lives on social media can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem. Furthermore, the rapid spread of false information and misinformation on these platforms can contribute to confusion, polarization, and even violence in society.In order to mitigate the potential negative impacts of online social networks, it is essential to strike a balance between digital and face-to-face interactions. Individuals should be encouraged to maintain and nurture their relationships both online and offline. Additionally, efforts should be made toeducate users about the risks associated with online communication and to promote responsible use of social media platforms.Questions:1.What is the main topic of the passage?A. The benefits of online social networksB. The risks associated with online social networksC. The impact of online social networks on mental healthD. The balance between digital and face-to-face interactions2.According to the passage, which of the following is a potential benefit of online social networks?A. Decrease in face-to-face interactionsB. Improved access to information and resourcesC. Increased risk of cyberbullyingD. Decline in mental health3.What is one concern raised by the passage regarding the decline in face-to-face interactions?A. The loss of interpersonal skillsB. The reduction in access to informationC. The increase in social isolationD. The enhancement of privacy4.How can individuals mitigate the potential negative impacts of online social networks?A. By reducing their usage of social media platformsB. By maintaining and nurturing their relationships both online and offlineC. By avoiding online communication altogetherD. By seeking professional help for mental health issues5.What is the author’s main suggestion to address the risks associated with online social networks?A. To ban the use of social media platformsB. To promote responsible use of social mediaC. To encourage face-to-face interactions onlyD. To limit access to social media for young peopleAnswers:1.B2.B3.A4.B5.B四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）第一题中文：“随着互联网的普及，网络信息已经成为人们获取知识、学习新技能的重要途径。
2024届安徽省蚌埠市高三下学期第四次教学质量检测考试英语试题
2024届安徽省蚌埠市高三下学期第四次教学质量检测考试英语试题一、听力选择题1．What does the woman have to do this week?A．Write papers.B．Read books.C．Take a test.2．What are the speakers talking about?A．A TV program.B．A new advert.C．A job fair.3．What was the woman busy doing today?A．Cooking meals.B．Finishing a report.C．Packing her stuff. 4．Why did the woman change her job?A．To earn more money.B．To meet more people.C．To have more free time. 5．What are the speakers probably going to do next?A．Do an experiment.B．Have their eyes checked.C．Talk to their teacher.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6．Why does the man come to the woman?A．To ask for information.B．To make an appointment.C．To express thanks. 7．When can the man’s colleague have his own room?A．On Tuesday.B．On Wednesday.C．On Thursday.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．What does the man help the woman do?A．Hold something.B．Fetch something.C．Pick something up. 9．Where does the conversation probably take place?A．In the apartment.B．In the post office.C．In the street.10．Who is the man probably?A．A lawyer.B．A student.C．A salesman.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
智利巨人像英语作文
智利巨人像英语作文Mysterious Giants of the Chilean AndesThe Andes Mountains, stretching along the western coast of South America, are home to some of the most awe-inspiring and enigmatic natural wonders on the planet. Among these is the curious phenomenon of the giant human-like figures carved into the rugged slopes of the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. Known as the Moai, these colossal stone statues have captivated the imaginations of explorers and scholars for centuries, sparking countless theories and debates about their origins, purpose, and the civilization that created them.The Moai stand as silent sentinels on the remote volcanic island of Rapa Nui, more commonly referred to as Easter Island. Isolated in the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean, this small speck of land has long been shrouded in mystery, its monumental statues defying easy explanation. The Moai range in height from a few feet to over 30 feet tall, each one carved from a single piece of rock and meticulously crafted to depict a human-like figure with elongated ears, prominent brow ridges, and an enigmatic expression.The sheer scale and technical prowess required to create these colossal works of art are truly astounding. Weighing as much as 80 tons, the Moai were quarried from volcanic rock, transported across the island, and then painstakingly carved and erected using only the most rudimentary of tools and technologies. The feat of engineering and human labor involved in this process has left researchers and archaeologists baffled, as the resources and manpower required seem to far exceed what one might expect from a small, isolated island population.Adding to the mystery is the fact that the Moai were not merely static sculptures but were designed to be erected atop massive stone platforms, known as ahu, which were often located in strategic positions along the island's coastline. This suggests that the Moai were not merely decorative or symbolic in nature but may have served a practical purpose, perhaps as guardians or protectors of the island and its inhabitants.The origins of the Moai and the civilization that created them have been the subject of intense scholarly debate for centuries. The indigenous Rapa Nui people, who inhabited the island for centuries before the arrival of European explorers, have long maintained that the Moai were created by their ancestors, known as the Rapa Nui, as a means of honoring their lineage and connecting with their ancestral spirits.However, the sheer scale and complexity of the Moai have led some researchers to question whether the Rapa Nui alone were capable of such a monumental undertaking. Some have proposed that the Moai may have been created by a more advanced civilization, perhaps one that had contact with or influence from other cultures in the region, such as the Inca or Polynesian societies.Despite the ongoing debates and theories, the Moai continue to captivate and inspire people around the world. The site of Rano Raraku, the volcanic quarry where the Moai were carved, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a testament to the ingenuity and perseverance of the people who created these enigmatic giants. Visitors to the island are often struck by the sense of awe and wonder that emanates from these colossal figures, their enigmatic expressions and towering presence evoking a deep connection to the mysteries of the past.As we continue to explore and study the Moai, we are drawn ever deeper into the rich tapestry of human history and the remarkable achievements of our ancestors. The Moai stand as a testament to the resilience, creativity, and ingenuity of the human spirit, reminding us that even in the most remote and inhospitable corners of the world, our ancestors were able to create works of art and engineering that still inspire and captivate us today.。
非洲草原上的野生动物 英语作文
Wildlife on the African SavannaThe African savanna,a vast expanse of grassland dotted with acacia trees and stretching across several countries,is home to some of the most iconic and diverse wildlife on the planet.This unique ecosystem supports an incredible array of species,each adapted to the challenges and opportunities presented by this dynamic environment.From the majestic lion to the towering giraffe,the wildlife of the African savanna captivates the imagination and underscores the beauty and complexity of nature.One of the most famous inhabitants of the African savanna is the lion, often referred to as the"king of the jungle."Lions are apex predators and play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem.They live in social groups called prides,which consist of related females,their offspring,and a coalition of males.The cooperative hunting strategies and social bonds within a pride are fascinating aspects of lion behavior. Their powerful roars,which can be heard up to five miles away,are a defining sound of the savanna.Another iconic species is the African elephant,the largest land animal on Earth.Elephants are known for their intelligence,complex social structures,and strong family bonds.They live in matriarchal herds led by an older female,and their social interactions are characterized by deep empathy and cooperation.Elephants play a vital role in shaping the savanna landscape by uprooting trees and creating water holes,which benefits other species as well.Giraffes,with their long necks and distinctive spotted coats,are another remarkable species found on the savanna.These gentle giants use their height to reach leaves high up in acacia trees,which other herbivores cannot access.Giraffes'unique adaptations,such as their long necks and specialized cardiovascular systems,allow them to thrive in their environment.Watching a giraffe gracefully move across the savanna is a truly awe-inspiring sight.The African savanna is also home to a variety of herbivores,including zebras,wildebeests,and antelopes.These animals often migrate in large herds in search of fresh grazing areas and water.The annual migration of wildebeests and zebras,known as the Great Migration,is one of themost spectacular wildlife events in the lions of animals travel across the plains of Tanzania and Kenya,facing numerous challenges and predators along the way.Predators such as cheetahs,leopards,and hyenas also inhabit the savanna,each with unique hunting strategies and adaptations.Cheetahs, the fastest land animals,rely on their incredible speed to chase down prey.Leopards are solitary and elusive,often hunting at night and using their strength to drag prey into trees to avoid scavengers.Hyenas, known for their distinctive calls and strong jaws,are both skilled hunters and scavengers,playing a crucial role in the ecosystem by consuming carrion.Birdlife on the African savanna is equally diverse and impressive.The savanna is home to a variety of bird species,including the African fish eagle,secretary bird,and ostrich.These birds have adapted to the open landscape in different ways,from the fish eagle's powerful talons for catching fish to the secretary bird's long legs for hunting snakes and insects on the ground.In conclusion,the wildlife of the African savanna is a testament to the incredible diversity and adaptability of life on Earth.Each species,from the mighty lion to the graceful giraffe,plays a unique role in the ecosystem,contributing to the balance and health of this remarkable environment.The African savanna's rich tapestry of life is a reminder of the beauty and complexity of nature,and the importance of conservation efforts to protect these magnificent creatures and their habitats for future generations.。
外研版英语初二上学期期中试卷与参考答案(2024年)
2024年外研版英语初二上学期期中复习试卷与参考答案一、听力部分（本大题有20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1、听力原文：W: Hi, John! How was your weekend?M: It was great! I went hiking with my friends on Saturday and watched a movie with them on Sunday.Question: What did John do on Saturday?A. Watched a movie.B. Visited his friends.C. Went hiking.D. Stayed at home.Answer: CExplanation: The question asks what John did on Saturday. In the dialogue, John mentions that he went hiking with his friends, which is option C.2、听力原文：W: What did you think of the new teacher, Tom?M: I think she’s really nice, but she’s very strict with our homework.Question: How does Tom feel about the new teacher?A. He thinks she’s very strict.B. He doesn’t like her.C. He thinks she’s too nice.D. He thinks sh e’s great.Answer: DExplanation: The question asks how Tom feels about the new teacher. In the dialogue, Tom says, “I think she’s really nice,” which indicates that he has a positive opinion of her. Therefore, the correct answer is D, “He thinks she’s gre at.”3、What are the speakers discussing in this conversation?A) The weather forecast for the next few days.B) The types of books available in the library.C) The rules for borrowing books from the library.D) The importance of reading books regularly.Answer: BExplanation: The conversation focuses on the variety of books available in the library, which suggests that the speakers are at a library discussing the selection of books. The other options are not mentioned or implied in the conversation.4、Why does the woman apologize to the man?A) She didn’t hear his question properly.B) She didn’t know the answer to his question.C) She was late to meet him because of traffic.D) She was unable to help him find his lost wallet.Answer: BExplanation: The woman apologizes because she is unable to provide the man with the information he needs, indicating that she doesn’t know the answer to his question. The other options are not supported by the conversation.5、You are listening to a conversation between two friends, Alice and Bob. They are discussing their weekend plans.Question: What is Alice planning to do on Saturday?A. Go shoppingB. Visit a museumC. Go hikingD. Stay at homeAnswer: BExplanation: In the conversation, Alice says, “I heard there’s a new art exhibition at the museum. I think I’ll visit it on Saturday.”6、Listen to a short dialogue between a teacher and a student, John. They are discussing John’s homework assignment.Question: What assignment did the teacher give John?A. Write a storyB. Read a bookC. Do some math problemsD. Prepare a presentationAnswer: CExplanation: The teacher says, “John, your homework for tomorrow is to do some math problems. I want you to solve at least ten of them.”7.You are listening to a conversation between two students in a library.W: Hey, have you started studying for the midterm exam yet?M: Yeah, I’ve been reading the textbook for the past two hours. But I’m still not sure about the questions on page 15.Question: What are the two students mainly talking about?A. Studying for the midterm examB. Reading in the libraryC. The textbookD. The libraryAnswer: AExplanation: The conversation revolves around the topic of studying for the midterm exam, which is mentioned by both students.8.You are listening to a dialogue between a teacher and a student in the school office.T: Good morning, can I help you?S: Yes, I need to discuss my grades with you. I was wondering if there’s anything I can do to improve my scores in math and science.Q uestion: What is the student’s main purpose in talking to the teacher?A. To borrow a bookB. To discuss gradesC. To get help with mathD. To ask for a recommendationAnswer: BExplanation: The student explicitly mentions wanting to discuss their grades, indicating that their main purpose is to talk about their academic performance.9.You are listening to a conversation between two students, Sarah and Mike, discussing their weekend plans.Sarah: Hey, Mike, are you going to the beach this weekend?Mike: Yeah, I am. It’s supposed to be sunny and warm. How about you, Sarah? Sarah: Oh, I was thinking of going hiking with my friends. The weather looks perfect for it.Question: What is Sarah’s plan for the weekend?A) Going to the beachB) Going hikingC) Staying homeD) Visiting a friendAnswer: B) Going hikingExplanation: In the conversation, Sarah explicitly mentions that she is planning to go hiking with her friends, which indicates that this is her weekend plan.10.You are listening to a phone conversation between a teacher, Mr. Smith, and a student, Emily, discussing her homework assignment.Mr. Smith: Hello, Emily. How are you doing with your science project? Emily: Hi, Mr. Smith. I’m doing okay. I’ve gathered most of the information, but I’m not sure how to organize it all into a coherent presentation.Question: What is Emily struggling with regarding her science project?A) Gathering informationB) Organizing the informationC) Choosing a topicD) Understanding the subjectAnswer: B) Organizing the informationExplanation: In the conversation, Emily expresses her concern about how to organize the information she has gathered into a presentation, which is the main challenge she is facing with her project.11、Question: What does the boy want to do after school?A. Play basketball.B. Go to the library.C. Visit a friend.Answer: B. Go to the library.Explanation: In the conversation, the boy mentions that he has a lot of homework and needs to use the computer at the library to finish it. Therefore, the correct answer is that he wants to go to the library after school.12、Question: Why can’t the girl join him?A. She has to babysit her sister.B. She has too much homework.C.She doesn’t like the library.Answer: A. She has to babysit her sister.Explanation:The girl explains that she promised her parents she would stay home and look after her younger sister while they go out. Thus, the reason she can’t join the boy is that she has to babysit her sister.13.You are listening to a conversation between two friends, Alex and Sarah. They are discussing their favorite hobbies.Question: What is Alex’s favorite hobby?A. Reading books.B. Playing soccer.C. Painting.Answer: B. Playing soccer.Explanation: In the conversation, Alex says, “I really enjoy playing soccer in my free time.” This indicates that soccer is his favorite hobby.14.Listen to a short dialogue between a teacher and a student, Lily. The teacher is asking Lily about her weekend plans.Question: What does Lily plan to do this weekend?A. Go to the movies.B. Visit her grandparents.C. Go camping.Answer: B. Visit her grandparents.Explanation: The teacher asks Lily, “Do you have any plans for this weekend?” Lily replies, “Yes, I’m going to visit my grandparents in the countryside.” This indicates that she has plans to visit her grandparents.15、What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Take a busB. Call a taxiC. Walk to the destinationD. Wait for his friendAnswer: B. Call a taxiExplanation: The woman suggests that the man should call a taxi because it’s late and there are no buses running at that hour. She believes that taking a taxi would be the most convenient option for him to get home safely.16、Why can’t the man attend the m eeting?A. He has to prepare a reportB. He is going on a business tripC. He is not feeling wellD. He has another appointmentAnswer: D. He has another appointmentExplanation: The man cannot attend the meeting because he has another appointment scheduled at the same time. He expresses regret for missing themeeting and hopes that someone else can cover for him.17.You are listening to a conversation between two students, Alice and Bob, discussing their weekend plans.Student A: Hey, Bob, are you going anywhere this weekend?Student B: Yeah, actually, I’m planning to go hiking with some friends. How about you, Alice?Student A: Oh, I’m thinking of staying in and catching up on some reading. I need a break from school work.Student B: That sounds relaxing. What kind of books are you planning to read? Student A: I’m reading a mystery novel. I heard it’s quite gripping.Question: What is Alice planning to do this weekend?A) Go hikingB) Go on a tripC) Stay in and readD) Visit a friendAnswer: C) Stay in and readExplanation: Alice explicitly mentions that she is thinking of staying in and catching up on some reading, indicating her plan for the weekend.18.You are listening to a phone conversation between a teacher, Mr. Smith, and a parent, Mrs. Johnson.Mr. Smith: Good afternoon, Mrs. Johnson. How are you doing?Mrs. Johnson: Hello, Mr. Smith. I’m fine, thank you. How about you?Mr. Smith: I’m doing well, thanks. I just wanted to check in on your son, Jake. How has he been doing in his math class lately?Mrs. Johnson: Oh, he’s been struggling a bit. He says the homework is too challenging.Mr. Smith: I can understand that. I’ll make sure to review the material with him and provide additional support if needed.Mrs. Johnson: That would be great. We appreciate your help.Question: What is the main concern Mrs. Johnson has about her son’s academic performance?A) He is not doing well in science.B) He is having trouble with his math homework.C) He is not participating in class discussions.D) He is failing all his subjects.Answer: B) He is having trouble with his math homework.Explanation: Mrs. Johnson directly expresses her concern about her son Jake’s difficulties with his math homework, indicating that this is the main issue she is worried about.19、What time does the girl usually get up on weekends?A. At 7:00 amB. At 8:00 amC. At 9:00 amAnswer: C. At 9:00 amExplanation: In the conversation, the girl mentions that she likes to sleep in on weekends and typically wakes up at 9:00 am, which is later than her usual weekday wake-up time.20、How often does the boy go to the library?A. Once a weekB. Twice a weekC. Three times a weekAnswer: B. Twice a weekExplanation: The boy states that he goes to the library after school on Mondays and Wednesdays to work on his projects and do some reading, making it twice a week.二、阅读理解（30分）Title: The Secret of the Ancient TreeReading Passage:In the heart of the ancient forest, there stood a tree that had been there for centuries. The locals believed that this tree was not just any ordinary tree; it was a guardian of secrets and wisdom. Every year, on the day of the autumn equinox, the tree would reveal its secrets to those who were pure of heart and had a true desire to learn.One such day, a young girl named Li Wei decided to seek out the ancient tree. She had heard tales of its magic and was curious about its secrets. With abackpack full of supplies and a map that her grandfather had given her, Li Wei set off into the forest.As she walked deeper into the forest, the trees seemed to whisper her name. She followed the path until she reached the base of the ancient tree. It was enormous, with thick roots spreading out like arms. Li Wei took a deep breath and approached the tree. She placed her hands on its trunk and closed her eyes, hoping to connect with its ancient wisdom.Suddenly, the tree began to glow, and a soft, ethereal voice filled her ears. “You have come seeking the truth,” the voice said. “But be warned, the se crets I hold are not for the faint-hearted. You must prove your worth before I reveal them to you.”Li Wei felt a surge of determination. She knew that the journey to uncover the tree’s secrets would not be easy. She had to decide whether to continue or turn back.Questions:1.What was the significance of the ancient tree in the story?A. It was a landmark in the forest.B. It was believed to hold secrets and wisdom.C. It was a place for local festivals.D. It was the home of a magical creature.2.Why did Li Wei decide to seek out the ancient tree?A. She wanted to see the forest’s most beautiful tree.B. She wanted to prove her courage to her friends.C. She had heard tales of its magic and was curious.D. She wanted to become a forest ranger.3.What challenge did Li Wei face after connecting with the ancient tree?A. She had to solve a riddle to prove her worth.B. The tree’s roots started to grow and trap her.C. The tree began to glow too brightly and she couldn’t see.D. The tree spoke to her, but she couldn’t understand the language.Answers:1.B2.C3.A三、完型填空（15分）Cloze TestRead the following passage and choose the correct word to fill in each blank: Passage:“Alice was nervous about her first day at a new school. She had moved from a small village to the city and wasn’t sure how she would fit in. On her way to class, she noticed that everyone seemed so (1)_____. But when she entered the classroom, something unexpected happened. Her classmates greeted her with warm smiles, making her feel (2)_____. The teacher introduced Alice to the class andexplained that she was new to the city. To help Alice settle in, the teacher asked if anyone would volunteer to show her around during lunch. Immediately, several hands went up. Alice felt (3)_____ and less anxious about starting at a new school. Later, during break time, some students came over to talk and invited her to join them in playing games. Alice realized that even though change can be scary, it also brings (4)_____ adventures and new friends. By the end of the day, she knew that she had made the right (5)_____ to come to this school.”Questions:1.( ) a) busy b) friendly c) different d) excited2.( ) a) lost b) welcome c) confused d) surprised3.( ) a) sad b) angry c) relieved d) disappointed4.( ) a) exciting b) boring c) difficult d) lonely5.( ) a) choice b) decision c) mind d) senseAnswers:1.b) friendly2.b) welcome3.c) relieved4.a) exciting5.b) decisionThis passage and the questions aim to test comprehension skills, vocabulary knowledge, and the ability to infer meaning from context, which are typical elements of English language exams for this age group.四、语法填空题（本大题有10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1、The 1 book on the table is mine. It’s a collection of short stories 2 I have read before.A. interesting, whichB. interesting, thatC. interesting, whoD. interesting, whomAnswer: AExplanation: The first blank requires an adjective to describe the book. “Interesting” is the correct choice. The second blank requires a relative pronoun to introduce a non-restrictive relative clause. “Which” is used for non-restrictive relative clauses, referring to the book.2、My parents often tell me 3is important to study hard and be responsible.A. thatB. itC. thisD. whichAnswer: AExplanation: The blank requires a conjunction to introduce a noun clause as the direct object of the verb “tell.” “That” is used in this context to introduce the noun clause “what is important.”3、The Smiths__________(be) planning to go on a vacation next month. They hope to visit some of the most beautiful places in Europe.•Answer: are•Explanation: The subject “The Smiths” is treated as a plural noun referring to the members of the Smith family. Therefore, we use the plural form of the verb “to be,” which is “are.” This sentence is in the present continuous tense, indicating an action that is planned for the near future.4、By the time he arrives, all the work__________(finish).•Answer: will have been finished•Explanation: The sentence requires the future perfect tense because it refers to an action that will be completed before another point in the future. “Will have been finished” indicates that the completion of the work happens before the time he arrives. The passive voice is used here since the focus is on the work being done rather than who does it.These types of questions test the student’s understanding of verb tenses, agreement between subjects and verbs, and the use of active versus passive voice.5.I have never seen such a beautiful__________before. (_____)A. viewB. viewC. sceneD. sightAnswer: DExplanation: The correct answer is “sight” because it is used to refer to a place or scene that is worth seeing. The phrase “such a beautiful sight” isa common expression.6.The teacher asked us to__________our books before we left the classroom. (_____)A. closeB. shutC. lockD. closeAnswer: BExplanation: The correct answer is “shut” because it is the correct verb to use when referring to closing books. “Close” is also correct, but “shut” is more commonly used in this context. “Lock” is not appropriate here as it implies securing something, not closing it.7、After________(finish) your homework, you should check it carefully.•Answer: finishing•Explanation: After is a preposition, and after it we use the gerund form of the verb, which is ‘finishing’ in this case.8、The teacher asked us to write about________(we) experiences during the summer holiday.•Answer: our•Explanation: The pronoun should agree with the noun ‘experiences’ which is possessive here, thus ‘our’ is the correct possessive adjective to use.9.In the___________time, the internet has become an essential part of our lives.A. recentB. laterC. lastD. pastAnswer: AExplanation: The correct answer is “recent” because it refers to a period oftime that has just passed, which fits the context of the internet becoming an essential part of our lives in the more recent past.10.The___________of the book was so compelling that I couldn’t put it down.A. storyB. titleC. coverD. authorAnswer: AExplanation: The correct answer is “story” because it refers to the content or plot of the book, which is what would be compelling enough to keep someone from putting it down. The other options (title, cover, author) do not directly relate to the engaging nature of the content.五、简答题（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）1、What are the three main types of weather patterns mentioned in the text? (Please list them and provide a brief explanation of each.)Answer:The three main types of weather patterns mentioned in the text are:1.fronts: These are boundaries between different air masses with different temperatures and humidity levels. They can lead to various weather phenomena such as storms and rain.2.high-pressure areas: These are areas where air descends and creates calm,clear weather due to the sinking air.3.low-pressure areas: These are areas where air rises, often leading to cloudy skies, rain, and storms due to the upward movement of warm air.Explanation:The text explains that fronts are the boundaries between different air masses, high-pressure areas are characterized by sinking air, and low-pressure areas are associated with rising air. Each of these patterns contributes to different types of weather conditions.2、 Describe the impact of global warming on ocean levels. How does this affect coastal communities?Answer:The impact of global warming on ocean levels includes:1.Melting ice: As global temperatures rise, polar ice caps and glaciers melt, contributing to the increase in ocean water volume.2.Expansion of water: warmer water expands, adding more volume to the oceans.This affects coastal communities in several ways:1.Rising sea levels: Coastal areas may experience flooding and erosion more frequently as sea levels rise.2.Saltwater intrusion: Increased salinity can contaminate freshwater supplies and affect agriculture.3.Economic impact: Coastal communities may suffer economically due to the loss of land, infrastructure, and tourism.Explanation:The text discusses how global warming leads to the melting of ice and the expansion of warmer ocean water, both of which contribute to rising sea levels. These changes have direct implications for coastal communities, including increased flooding, saltwater intrusion, and economic challenges.3.What is the main idea of the story “The Old Man and the Sea” by Ernest Hemingway?答案：The main idea of “The Old Man and the Sea” is the struggle of an old fisherman, Santiago, against a giant marlin, and the ultimate triumph of human spirit and determination over adversity.解析：In the story, the old man, Santiago, faces numerous challenges and setbacks in his quest to catch a giant marlin. Through his perseverance and resilience, he demonstrates the strength of the human spirit. The story emphasizes the importance of determination, courage, and the will to overcome obstacles, making it a powerful allegory for the human condition.4.How does the author, Harper Lee, use symbolism in the novel “To Kill a Mockingbird”?答案：Harper Lee uses symbolism extensively in “To Kill a Mockingbird” to explore themes of racial injustice, moral growth, and innocence. Some key examples include:•The mockingbird: Represents innocence and the virtue of goodness. The character Tom Robinson, who is falsely accused of rape, is compared toa mockingbird, symbolizing his innocence and the tragic consequences ofhis innocence being misunderstood and exploited.•The Radley Place: Represents the unknown and the fear of the unknown. It also symbolizes the limitations imposed by prejudice and ignorance.•The finch’s nest: Symbolizes the innocence and purity of children, particularly Scout and Jem, who are able to see the world with fresh eyes and understand the injustice around them.•The river: Symbolizes the journey of growth and change. It represents the characters’ passage from innocence to understanding the complexities of the world around them.解析：Harper Lee uses symbolism to enhance the storytelling and convey deeper meanings. These symbols help readers understand the themes and messages of the novel, making it a powerful work of literature.5.Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The story of the Little Prince is about a young astronaut who meets a mysterious little prince from a distant planet. The little prince describes his adventures on different planets and the lessons he learns from them. The story emphasizes the importance of friendship, love, and the search for meaning in life.Questions:a) What is the main theme of the story?b) Describe the character of the little prince.c) How does the little prince show his appreciation for his friends?Answer:a)The main theme of the story is the search for meaning in life and the importance offriendship and love.b)The character of the little prince is curious, kind-hearted, and wise. He is also verysensitive and able to appreciate the beauty and simplicity of the world around him.c)The little prince shows his appreciation for his friends by being loyal, thoughtful, andprotective of them. He is also willing to learn from his friends and share hisexperiences with them.Explanation:The questions are designed to test the students’ understanding of the main themes and characters of the story. The answers require the students to analyze the passage and provide specific details from the text to support their responses. The explanation provides a brief overview of the answers and clarifies the key points of the passage.六、书面表达题（15分）You are a member of the school’s Environment Club. The club is planning to organize a recycling campaign to raise awareness about environmental protection among students. The campaign will include several activities such as a poster competition, a recycling bin installation in the school, and a presentation on the benefits of recycling.Write an email to your fellow club members, inviting them to participate in the campaign. In your email, include the following points:1.The purpose of the campaign.2.The activities involved.3.How they can contribute.4.The deadline for submitting entries for the poster competition.Answer:Subject: Invitation to Join the Recycling CampaignDear Club Members,I hope this email finds you all in good spirits. I am excited to announce that our school’s Environment Club is planning a special recycling campaign to promote environmental protection among our fellow students. Your participation and creativity are crucial to the success of this campaign.Purpose of the Campaign:Our goal is to create awareness about the importance of recycling and to encourage everyone to adopt eco-friendly habits. By working together, we can make a significant impact on our school’s environment.Activities Involved:1.Poster Competition: We are organizing a poster competition where you can showcase your creativity by designing posters that promote recycling. The top three entries will be displayed around the school.2.Recycling Bin Installation: We will install recycling bins in strategic locations around the school to make it easier for students to dispose of waste properly.3.Presentation: We plan to have a presentation by an environmental expert to educate everyone on the benefits of recycling and how it can help protectour planet.How You Can Contribute:1.Participate in the poster competition by submitting your entries by October 15th.2.Spread the word about the campaign to your friends and encourage them to join in.e the recycling bins provided to separate your waste properly.Deadline for Entries:Please remember that the deadline for the poster competition entries is October 15th. Late submissions will not be considered.Let’s work together to make a difference and create a cleaner, greener school environment. I look forward to seeing your creative ideas and hearing your suggestions for the campaign.Thank you for your attention and support.Best regards,[Your Name]Environment Club MemberExplanation:This email serves as an invitation to club members to participate in the recycling campaign. It clearly outlines the purpose, activities, how to contribute, and the deadline for the poster competition. The language is friendly and engaging, encouraging participation and collaboration.。
写昆虫的英语作文
Insects are a class of creatures that have fascinated humans for centuries due to their incredible diversity,unique behaviors,and vital roles in ecosystems.Here is an English essay about insects,exploring their characteristics,importance,and some of the most common species.The Marvel of Insects:A World of Tiny GiantsInsects are the most diverse group of animals on our planet,with over a million described species and many more yet to be discovered.They belong to the class Insecta within the phylum Arthropoda,characterized by a chitinous exoskeleton,a threepart body head, thorax,and abdomen,three pairs of jointed legs,compound eyes,and one pair of antennae.Characteristics of Insects1.Exoskeleton:Insects possess a hard,protective exoskeleton made of chitin,which provides structural support and protection from predators and environmental factors.2.Metamorphosis:Many insects undergo metamorphosis,a process of development that includes four distinct life stages:egg,larva,pupa,and adult.This allows for drastic changes in form and function as they grow.3.Reproduction:Insects reproduce at an astonishing rate,with many species laying hundreds or even thousands of eggs at a time,ensuring the survival of their species.4.Diversity:Insects are incredibly diverse in size,shape,and color,ranging from the tiny fairyfly to the large,colorful butterflies and beetles.Importance of Insects1.Pollination:Many insects,particularly bees,butterflies,and moths,play a crucial role in pollinating plants,which is essential for the production of fruits,vegetables,and nuts.2.Decomposition:Insects such as beetles and flies are vital in breaking down dead organic matter,recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.3.Food Source:Insects are a primary food source for many animals,including birds, reptiles,and other insects.4.Biological Control:Some insects,like ladybugs and praying mantises,are natural predators of pests,helping to control populations of harmful insects in agriculture.Common Insect Species1.Butterflies and Moths Lepidoptera:Known for their beautiful wings and patterns,they are important pollinators and serve as a food source for many animals.2.Beetles Coleoptera:With the largest number of species,beetles are incredibly diverse, from the small ladybugs to the large,shiny scarabs.3.Ants,Bees,and Wasps Hymenoptera:These social insects are known for their complex colonies and roles in pollination and pest control.4.Flies Diptera:Although many species are considered pests,some,like the hoverfly,are beneficial pollinators.5.Dragonflies and Damselflies Odonata:These agile fliers are predators of other insects and are important for controlling mosquito populations.Conservation and InsectsInsects face numerous threats,including habitat loss,pesticide use,and climate change.It is crucial to protect their habitats and reduce the use of harmful chemicals to ensure the survival of these essential creatures.ConclusionInsects are not just a part of nature they are the backbone of many ecosystems.Their survival is intertwined with ours,and understanding their importance can lead to better stewardship of our environment.As we continue to explore the world of insects,we uncover the intricate connections that bind us all in the web of life.This essay provides a comprehensive overview of insects,their characteristics,ecological importance,common species,and the need for conservation efforts.It is a testament to the significance of these tiny creatures in the grand scheme of life on Earth.。
新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程Book2-unit8-textA课文翻译
Unit 8 Section A Animals or children?—A scientist's choice动物还是孩子？——一位科学家的选择1 I am the enemy! I am one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists involved in animal research. These rumors sting, for I have never thought of myself as an evil person. I became a children's doctor because of my love for children and my supreme desire to keep them healthy. During medical school and residency, I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injury —circumstances against which medicine has made great progress but still has a long way to go. More importantly, I also saw children healthy thanks to advances in medical science such as infant breathing support, powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation. My desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy, happy children drew me to medical research.1 我就是那个敌人！我就是那些被人诅咒的、残忍的、搞动物实验的医生科学家之一。
威廉福克纳写作风格
八月之光» ●1932 Light In August «
●1935 Pylon « 塔门» ●1936 Absalom, Absalom! « 押沙龙，押沙龙！»
●1940 The Hamlet « 村子» ●1942 Go Down, Moses « 去吧，摩西»
2 short-story collections A volume of poetry
Thanks
2015020007 邓梦婷
Yoknapatawpha County
Most of Fulkner's works are set in the American South: an imaginary place based on Faulkner's childhood memory about the town of Oxford in his native Lafayette County.
Faulkner's novels record the conflict between the old,pre-Civil War South and the new South and Southern decay race relations,the guilt of the south, time, and its effects on the present and future, the psyche of the sensitive artist types who inherit a terrifying set of passion---anger, hatred,obsession,and the will to power.
Faulkner lived most of his life in tje town.
生命为何如此匮乏读后感
生命为何如此匮乏读后感英文回答：Life's a priceless, irreplaceable gift, but itsscarcity can prompt deep existential and philosophical contemplations. Why is life so scarce? Why is it not as abundant as we might wish?One perspective proposes that life's scarcity is a consequence of the delicate balance and intricateconditions necessary for its emergence and sustenance. Life, as we know it, requires a specific set of environmental parameters, including a narrow temperature range, the availability of water, and the presence of essential elements like carbon and nitrogen. The stringent requirements for life's existence make it a relatively rare occurrence in the vastness of the universe.Another theory suggests that life's scarcity is an evolutionary outcome. In a competitive environment,organisms with traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success have a higher chance of passing ontheir genes. Over time, this process of natural selection can lead to the elimination of less adaptable species, resulting in a decrease in biodiversity and a relative scarcity of life.Furthermore, the concept of the Great Filter, proposed by Robin Hanson, postulates that there may be numeroussteps or barriers that must be overcome for life to evolve and persist. These barriers could include the transition from inorganic matter to organic molecules, the origin of self-replicating systems, and the emergence of intelligence. The scarcity of life could be attributed to the fact that many civilizations or potential life-forms fail to navigate these challenging steps.From a philosophical standpoint, the scarcity of life raises questions about the meaning and purpose of existence. If life is so rare, does it hold greater value or significance? Does its scarcity make it more precious or does it evoke a sense of futility and insignificance? Theseexistential inquiries continue to intrigue and bewilder the human mind.中文回答：为什么生命如此匮乏？这个问题一直是人类探索和思考的永恒话题。
介绍熊猫的栖息地英语作文
The Giant Panda: A Majestic Creature of the Ancient Bamboo ForestsIn the verdant expanse of Chinas mountainous regions, a gentle giant roams with an air of tranquility and grace. This creature, the Giant Panda, is not only an emblem of China but also a symbol of global conservation efforts. With its distinctive black and white fur and a diet primarily consisting of bamboo, the Giant Panda has captured the hearts of people worldwide. However, the habitat of this majestic animal is as fascinating as the panda itself.The Giant Pandas natural habitat is primarily found in the mountainous regions of central China, particularly in the provinces of Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu. These areas are characterized by dense bamboo forests that provide the panda with its main source of sustenance. The pandas diet is almost exclusively bamboo, which is why these forests are crucial to their survival.Bamboo forests in these regions are not just a food source they are also a sanctuary for the panda. The dense vegetation offers protection from predators and harsh weather conditions. The cool, damp climate of the mountains is ideal for the Giant Panda, as it helps to regulate their body temperature and maintain their health.The terrain of the Giant Pandas habitat is rugged and often inaccessible, which has inadvertently contributed to the preservation of their environment. The steep slopes and high altitudes make it difficult for humans to venture into these areas, thus reducing the impact of humanactivities on the pandas ecosystem. However, this isolation also presents challenges for conservationists who are working to protect and study these elusive animals.One of the most remarkable aspects of the Giant Pandas habitat is the diversity of the bamboo species found there. There are over 1,200 species of bamboo worldwide, and the pandas diet consists of 12 of these species. The preference for specific bamboo species varies with the seasons and the availability of food. This dietary flexibility is a testament to the pandas adaptability in its natural environment.The Giant Pandas habitat is also home to a rich array of other flora and fauna. The forests support a variety of bird species, including the endemic Tibetan Partridge and the Golden Pheasant. Additionally, the mountains are home to other endangered species such as the Golden Monkey and the Red Panda. The preservation of the Giant Pandas habitat is, therefore, not only crucial for the panda itself but also for the countless other species that share this unique ecosystem.However, the Giant Pandas habitat faces numerous threats. Deforestation, human encroachment, and climate change have all contributed to the fragmentation and degradation of the bamboo forests. The reduction in available bamboo has a direct impact on the pandas food supply, leading to a decline in their population.Conservation efforts have been underway to protect the Giant Panda and its habitat. The establishment of nature reserves and national parks hashelped to preserve large tracts of bamboo forest. These protected areas not only provide a safe haven for the pandas but also serve as research centers for scientists studying the pandas behavior and ecology.Moreover, reforestation and afforestation programs are being implemented to restore degraded areas and expand the pandas habitat. These initiatives aim to increase the availability of bamboo and improve the overall health of the ecosystem. Additionally, communitybased conservation programs are engaging local communities in the protection of the Giant Pandas habitat, fostering a sense of stewardship and responsibility.In conclusion, the Giant Pandas habitat is a testament to the beauty and complexity of nature. The preservation of these ancient bamboo forests is not only essential for the survival of the panda but also for the countless other species that call these mountains home. As we continue to face environmental challenges, it is crucial that we work together to protect and restore these vital ecosystems for the benefit of all living creatures.。
Looking_China
kilometer Giant Panda National Parkcovers over 40 percent of Ya’a n’s landarea.Back in the Wild In 2014, the Liziping National NatureReserve in Ya’a n became China’s firstbase for giant pandas born or broughtup in the sanctuaries to be trained tolive in the wild. Of the 11 giant pandasreleased into the wild in China, ninewere released in Liziping.According to the fourth giant pandacensus in 2015, there are more than 30giant pandas living in this area, andtheir number is increasing, with the ar-rival of new migrants. It is hoped thatby releasing the pandas born in captiv-ity into the local wild population, theirgenetic diversity will increase and theirsoCieTy/liFe / new visTas looking China59November 2021 DukkhaDirector: Elissavet Pirounia (Greece)Producers: Jing Lingji, Wang XuemingThe endless peaks and green mountains are dotted with rapeseedfields. There is hope for the animals, plants, and the people. Peopleand cattle and sheep still survive tenaciously in this barren soil. Theylive together on this field for generations. It is like a mission call-ing the descendants of this village, whose voice spans thousands ofmountains and rivers, calling for the return of the Yak boy (ZhangXuerong). Here comes the beauty and hope of this field.Eye in the WildDirector: Or Itzhak Ben Zrihen (Israel)Producers: Wei Zihan, Zhang ShulinOn the vast fields of Qinghai Province, there are many rare wildanimals, such as bar-headed geese, black-necked cranes, and the onceendangered Chinese Diagonal Antelopes... Ge Yuxiu has devotedhimself to wildlife photography for 24 years. He has been to theQinghai Lake more than 200 times. He encountered wolves severaltimes, fell into the ice caves and got stuck in marshes. He slept rough,just to capture the wonderful moments of animals closely. He ob-serves nature with his eyes, records nature with the lens, and calls forenvironmental protection with photos. Photographing wild animalson the plateau is not only fraught with danger and hardship, but alsoinvolves surprises and happiness.Scan the QR code to view on QQ.Scan the QR code to view on QQ.Scan the QR code to view on YouTube.Scan the QR code to view on YouTube.Better Than HomeDirector: Mostafa Kadah (Israel)Producers: Li Jun, Yuan YujieIn Tara Beach, Gonghe County, Qinghai Province, a 850 MWhydro-photovoltaic power station in Longyangxia is continuously de-livering clean energy to millions of households. As the deputy generalmanager of the maintenance and inspection company of photovoltaicpower plant, Li Ju, the protagonist of the shooting, can only be reunit-ed with his family on weekends because of his busy work. If there isan emergency that needs to be dealt with, it will take him a long timeto reunite with his family. Staying up late is a common thing in thepower plant, but he still persists in his work, as he tells us, he lovesthis job and this power station very much.Scan the QR code to view on QQ.Scan the QR code to view on YouTube.Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.。
The Thrill of a Scavenger Hunt
The Thrill of a Scavenger Hunt The thrill of a scavenger hunt is an experience that brings out the innerchild in all of us. It's a game that combines adventure, problem-solving, and teamwork, making it a popular activity for people of all ages. The excitement of hunting for clues, solving riddles, and racing against the clock adds an element of challenge and fun that is hard to replicate in other activities. One of the most appealing aspects of a scavenger hunt is the sense of mystery and discovery it offers. Participants are given a list of items to find or clues to solve, and they must use their wits and creativity to track down each one. This sense of exploration and adventure can be incredibly exhilarating, as it allows people to step outside of their comfort zones and engage with their surroundings in a new and exciting way. Furthermore, the element of competition adds an extra layer of excitement to the scavenger hunt experience. Whether it's a race against the clock or a friendly competition between teams, the desire to win can push participants to think quickly, work together, and strategize in order to come out on top. This competitive aspect can be a great motivator for people to fully immerse themselves in the game and make the experience even more thrilling. In addition to thethrill of the hunt itself, scavenger hunts also provide an opportunity for social interaction and team building. Whether it's with friends, family, or coworkers, working together to solve clues and complete challenges can create a strong sense of camaraderie and bonding. It's a chance for people to collaborate, communicate, and problem-solve together, which can strengthen relationships and create lasting memories. From a psychological perspective, the thrill of a scavenger hunt can also be attributed to the sense of accomplishment and satisfaction that comes from successfully completing challenges. Overcoming obstacles and achieving goals releases dopamine in the brain, which can create a natural high and a sense of fulfillment. This can be incredibly rewarding and can leave participants feeling energized and uplifted long after the hunt is over. Finally, the thrill of a scavenger hunt can also be tied to the nostalgia and joy of tapping into our inner child. For many people, scavenger hunts evoke memories of carefree days spent playing games and exploring the world with a sense of wonder and curiosity. Engaging in a scavenger hunt as an adult can reignite those feelings of joy andplayfulness, providing a welcome escape from the stresses of everyday life. In conclusion, the thrill of a scavenger hunt is a multi-faceted experience that combines mystery, competition, teamwork, accomplishment, and nostalgia. It's a game that appeals to people of all ages and backgrounds, offering a unique and exhilarating way to connect with others and engage with the world around us. Whether it's the rush of solving clues, the joy of working together, or the satisfaction of completing challenges, the thrill of a scavenger hunt is a truly special and unforgettable experience.。
Searching for Atlantis
Searching for AtlantisThe legend of Atlantis has captured the imagination of people for centuries. Many have searched for this mythical city, hoping to uncover its secrets and treasures. The story of Atlantis tells of a thriving civilization that was destroyed in a single day and night of cataclysmic events. Some believe that Atlantis was a real place, while others dismiss it as a mere fable. Regardless of its veracity, the search for Atlantis continues to fascinate people around the world. One perspective on the search for Atlantis is that it is a fruitless endeavor. Many experts in the fields of archaeology, geology, and oceanography have dismissed the idea that Atlantis ever existed. They argue that there is no evidence to support the existence of such a civilization, and that the story of Atlantis is simply a myth. Furthermore, they point out that the story of Atlantis has been embellished and changed over time, making it difficult to separate fact from fiction. However, others argue that the lack of evidence does not necessarily mean that Atlantis did not exist. They point to the fact that many ancient civilizations, such as the Mayans and the Egyptians, were once thought to be mythical until their ruins were discovered. They argue that Atlantis may have been a highly advanced civilization that was destroyed by a natural disaster, such as a volcanic eruption or earthquake. They also point to the fact that many ancient texts, such as the works of Plato, describe Atlantis in detail, suggesting that it was a real place. Another perspective on the search for Atlantis is that it is a romantic and adventurous quest. For many, the search for Atlantis represents the ultimate adventure, a journey into the unknown in search of a lost civilization. The search for Atlantis has inspired countless books, movies, and TV shows, and has captured the imaginations of people around the world. Even if Atlantis is never found, the search itself is an exciting and fulfilling pursuit. However, some argue that the search for Atlantis is a waste of time and resources. They point out that many people have devoted their lives and fortunes to the search for Atlantis, only to come up empty-handed. They argue that these resources could be better spent on more practical pursuits, such as scientific research or social programs. Despite the differing perspectives on the search for Atlantis, one thing is certain: the legend of Atlantis will continue to captivate people forgenerations to come. Whether it is a real place or a mere myth, the story of Atlantis represents the human desire for adventure, discovery, and knowledge. And as long as people continue to search for Atlantis, they will continue to be inspired by this ancient legend.。
GRE写作常用表达问答札记812则(20040823)
第1页 共50页GRE 写作表达札记812则——英语写作常用表达用法问答整理BY XMSAND (SAND)现将暑期关于水木清华GRE 版上关于写作常用表达以及相关运用的提问，以札记的形式回答整理如下。
非常感谢supervictor, TXJJZYZQBX, stormlina, wne, lotusson, renwei2, thwolf, jameslp 等朋友的支持和帮助，尤其感谢yaki ，他总是札记的第一读者，每次都认真核对，提出很多修改意见。
希望此札记能给版上所有朋友提供一些参考和帮助。
由于笔者水平有限，问题回答和札记整理过程中肯定有不当甚至错误之处，敬请大家不吝指出（xmsand@ ）。
1.网络化 动词cyberize 是比较通用的翻译，也有人用latticing2.先把衣服泡着吧 Let the clothes soak for some minutes in (warm) water.3.“不相上下地” be equally matched; almost on a par; roughly the same;neither is better than the other; eye ball to eye ball4.“需要注意的是……” (need)special attention5.价值观,世界观,审美标准,的英文翻译?价值观values 例如：传统的价值观念 traditional values世界观world ideology/outlook/view 审美标准aesthetic standards6.有钱能使鬼推磨怎麽译啊?我提供两种翻译，仅供参考^_^(fig) Money makes the mare go.(lit) If one has money one can even make the devil turn one's millstone.7.：“留学回国人员”怎么说啊 现在有一个通用的说法：returned student(s)也可以加个解释（one who studied overseas and returned for development ）8.请问：生产资料&生活资料 如何表达？生产资料means of production 生活资料means of livelihood/subsistence9.办签证怎么说啊 grant a visa;visa比如我们说，给护照签证：put a visa on a passport;have/get one's passport visaed10.对客户说"我将帮你把电话转接过去“怎么翻译 I'll put you through.11.国外引进的技术怎么说?我建议你翻译的时候用动词短语表达^_^ import/introduce foreign technology12.请问归一化系数怎么翻？ normalization factor13.请问五角大楼怎么说？ The Pentagon14.由于政府的态度尚未明朗，市场人气看低。
The Map of Longing
**The Map of Longing**In the vast terrain of the human heart, there exists an intangible yet profound cartography – The Map of Longing. It is a guide that leads us through the labyrinth of desires, hopes, and yearnings that shape our very existence.The Map of Longing is not a static blueprint but a dynamic and ever-evolving document. It is like the journey of Marco Polo, whose insatiable longing for adventure and discovery led him across unknown lands and cultures. His travels were a manifestation of following the contours of his inner longing, mapping out new frontiers of knowledge and experience.Likewise, the works of Jane Austen's heroines, who long for love and independence in a society bound by conventions, illustrate the complex paths traced by longing. Their struggles and choices reveal the hidden routes and detours on this map.The ancient philosopher Aristotle once said, "Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence." This statement aligns with the essence of The Map of Longing. Longing is not just a passing whim but a driving force that propels us towards the pursuit of happiness and fulfillment.However, traversing this map is not without its challenges. Doubts, fears, and societal expectations can act as obstacles, causing us to stray from the true course of our longing. We may find ourselves lost in the wilderness of conformity, suppressing our true desires.For example, an individual with a passion for art might be discouraged by the practicalities of life and the opinions of others, veering away from the path that leads to creative expression.In conclusion, The Map of Longing is a precious navigational tool that guides us towards our authentic selves. It is a reminder that our longings are not mere fantasies but beacons of possibility. By having the courage to follow this map, despite the uncertainties and difficulties, we can embark on a journey of self-realization and discover the treasures that lie at the destinations of our hearts' desires. Let us hold this map close and let it lead us to a life rich with purpose and meaning.。
The Incredible Creatures of the Savannah
The Savannah is home to a diverse array of incredible creatures, each uniquely adapted to thrive in this iconic ecosystem. From the majestic lion to the graceful giraffe, the savannah is a treasure trove of remarkable wildlife.One of the most iconic creatures of the savannah is the lion, known for its majestic appearance and impressive hunting prowess. These magnificent big cats are at the top of the food chain in the savannah, preying on a variety of herbivores that roam the grasslands. With their distinctive mane and powerful roar, lions are a symbol of strength and power in the African wilderness.In contrast to the lion's ferocity, the giraffe embodies grace and elegance. As the tallest land animal on the planet, the giraffe's long neck and legs allow it to reach the highest branches of acacia trees, where it feeds on leaves and buds. Their unique appearance and gentle demeanor make them a captivating sight in the savannah landscape, as they gracefully meander through the trees.Another fascinating inhabitant of the savannah is the African elephant, the world's largest land mammal. These gentle giants play a crucial role in shaping the savannah ecosystem, using their tusks and trunks to modify the landscape and create pathways for other animals. Despite their massive size, elephants are known for their intelligence, complex social structures, and deep emotional bonds within their herds.In addition to these well-known creatures, the savannah is also home to a myriad of other fascinating animals, including zebras with their striking black and white stripes, swift cheetahs capable of reaching incredible speeds, and elusive leopards that are masterful at blending into their surroundings. Each of these creatures has evolved unique adaptations to thrive in the challenging and dynamic environment of the savannah.Beyond the terrestrial inhabitants, the savannah also hosts a rich diversity of birdlife. From the vibrant lilac-breasted roller to the formidable martial eagle, the skies above the savannah are alive with a dazzling array of colors and calls. These avian residents play an essential role in the savannah's ecosystem, contributing to pollination, seed dispersal, and pest control.The delicate balance of life in the savannah is a testament to the resilience and interconnectedness of its inhabitants. However, this iconic ecosystem faces numerous threats, including habitat loss, poaching, and climate change. Conservation efforts are crucial to ensuring the continued survival of the incredible creatures that call the savannah home.In conclusion, the savannah is a place of wonder and enchantment, where some of the world's most extraordinary creatures roam. From the regal lion to the graceful giraffe, each resident of the savannah contributes to the intricate tapestry of life in this awe-inspiring ecosystem. It is imperative that we work together to preserve and protect the savannah and its inhabitants for generations to come.。
Invertebrate Nymphal Stage
Invertebrate Nymphal Stage The invertebrate nymphal stage is a crucial period in the life cycle of many insects and other invertebrates. During this stage, the organism undergoes significant growth and development, preparing it for the transition to adulthood. This stage is characterized by a lack of wings and sexual maturity, as well as distinct physical and behavioral changes. Understanding the nymphal stage is important for researchers, conservationists, and anyone interested in the natural world, as it can provide valuable insights into the ecology and behavior of these fascinating creatures. From a scientific perspective, the nymphal stagerepresents a period of intense physiological and morphological changes. Insectsand other invertebrates in this stage often undergo multiple molts, shedding their exoskeletons as they grow. These molts are necessary for the organism to accommodate its increasing size and to allow for the development of new body structures. Additionally, the nymphal stage is a time of preparation for adulthood, during which the organism may undergo internal changes to support reproduction and other adult functions. For researchers studying the life cycles of invertebrates, understanding the specific changes that occur during the nymphal stage isessential for accurately documenting and describing the species' development. Conservationists also have a vested interest in the nymphal stage, as it can be a vulnerable time for many invertebrates. Environmental disturbances, such ashabitat loss or pollution, can have significant impacts on the survival and development of invertebrates in the nymphal stage. By understanding the specific requirements and vulnerabilities of these organisms during this stage, conservationists can better design and implement strategies to protect andpreserve their populations. Additionally, the presence or absence of certain invertebrate species in the nymphal stage can serve as indicators of environmental health, providing valuable information about the overall condition of ecosystems. From an educational perspective, the nymphal stage offers a unique opportunity for people of all ages to learn about the natural world. Observing invertebrates inthis stage can be a fascinating and accessible way to engage with biology and ecology. By studying the behavior and development of invertebrates in the nymphal stage, students and enthusiasts can gain a deeper appreciation for the complexityand diversity of life on Earth. Furthermore, the study of the nymphal stage can inspire curiosity and a sense of wonder about the natural world, fostering a desire to learn more and to protect the delicate balance of ecosystems. On a more personal level, the nymphal stage of invertebrates can evoke a sense of awe and wonder at the intricacies of the natural world. Witnessing the transformation of a seemingly mundane insect or invertebrate through its nymphal stage can be a powerful reminder of the beauty and complexity of life. It can also inspire a sense of responsibility to protect and preserve the habitats and ecosystems that support these remarkable creatures. For many people, observing invertebrates in the nymphal stage can be a deeply meaningful and enriching experience, connecting them to the larger web of life on Earth. In conclusion, the invertebrate nymphal stage is a critical and fascinating period in the life cycle of many species. From a scientific perspective, it represents a time of significant physiological and morphological changes, with implications for our understanding of invertebrate biology and ecology. Conservationists recognize the importance of the nymphal stage in assessing and protecting invertebrate populations and the ecosystems they inhabit. From an educational and personal standpoint, the nymphal stage offers a unique opportunity to engage with and appreciate the natural world, fostering a sense of wonder and a desire to protect the diversity of life on Earth. Understanding and appreciating the nymphal stage of invertebrates is essential for anyone interested in the intricate and awe-inspiring workings of the natural world.。
The Beauty of the Butterfly
The Beauty of the Butterfly The beauty of the butterfly is a subject that has captivated the human imagination for centuries. The delicate, colorful wings and graceful flight of these creatures have inspired art, literature, and even scientific study. From their symbolic significance in various cultures to their role in pollination and ecological balance, butterflies hold a special place in the natural world. One of the most striking aspects of the butterfly is its transformation from a humble caterpillar to a magnificent winged creature. This metamorphosis has long been seen as a metaphor for personal growth and change, making the butterfly a powerful symbol of resilience and beauty emerging from struggle. The process of metamorphosis itself is a marvel of nature, as the caterpillar undergoes a complete restructuring of its body to become a butterfly. This transformation is a reminder of the potential for change and growth in all living beings. In addition to their symbolic significance, butterflies play a crucial role in the ecosystem as pollinators. As they flit from flower to flower, they transfer pollen and help to fertilize plants, contributing to the reproduction of many species of flora. Without the work of butterflies and other pollinators, many plants would struggle to reproduce, leading to a decline in biodiversity and the health of ecosystems. This essential role in the natural world highlights the importance of protecting butterfly populations and their habitats. Furthermore, the beauty of thebutterfly has inspired countless artists, writers, and poets throughout history. From ancient civilizations to modern times, butterflies have been a recurring motif in art and literature, representing everything from the fleeting nature of beauty to the human soul's journey. Their vibrant colors and graceful movements have been captured in paintings, sculptures, and other forms of creative expression, serving as a source of inspiration for countless works of art. On a more personal level, the sight of a butterfly can evoke a sense of wonder and joy in people of all ages. Their delicate wings and graceful flight have a magical quality that can brighten even the dullest of days. For many, encountering a butterfly in nature is a moment of connection with the natural world, reminding us of the beauty and wonder that surrounds us. This emotional connection tobutterflies speaks to the profound impact they have on the human spirit. However,despite their beauty and significance, butterflies face numerous threats in the modern world. Habitat loss, climate change, and pesticide use are just a few of the challenges that have led to declining butterfly populations in many regions. This decline is not only a loss in terms of their aesthetic value but also hasfar-reaching implications for the health of ecosystems and the well-being of other species. Protecting butterflies and their habitats is essential for maintaining the balance of the natural world. In conclusion, the beauty of the butterfly is a multifaceted phenomenon that has captured the human imagination for centuries. From their symbolic significance to their essential role in pollination and the inspiration they provide to artists and nature enthusiasts, butterflies hold a special place in the natural world. Their delicate beauty serves as a reminder of the potential for transformation and growth, while their declining populations highlight the urgent need for conservation efforts. Ultimately, the beauty of the butterfly is a testament to the wonder and complexity of the natural world, inspiring awe and admiration in all who encounter these magnificent creatures.。
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Yoko Araki et al.
A. Cerebral ganglia a. Dorsal surface b. Ventral surface
b a~ a' b' b' a'ue (Kamatani et al., 1989). Achatina cardioexcitatory peptide-1 (ACEP-1) isolated from A. fulica (Fujimoto et al., 1990), myomodulin (Cropper et al., 1987), pedal peptide (Pep) (Lloyd and Connolly, 1989) and buccalin (Cropper et al., 1988) from A. californica, <EDPFLRFamide from a snail (Helix aspersa) (Price et al., 1985), AF1 from a nematode (Ascaris suum) (Cowden et al., 1989), SALMFamide 1 from a starfish (Asterias rubens) (Moore and Thorndyke, 1993), crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) from a crab (Carcinus maenas) (Stangier et al., 1987) and corazonin from a cockroach (Periplaneta americana). The effects of achatin-I, applied by bath, on the Achatina neurone types has been demonstrated (Kim et al., 1991a). In the present study, we also examine the effects of this peptide, applied locally by the brief pressure ejection, on the same neurone types.
INTRODUCTION In a series of investigations, we intend to study the pharmacological features of small molecule putative neurotransmitters and neuroactive peptides using the identifiable giant neurone types o f an African giant snail (Achatinafulica F~russac). The mapping o f these neurone types sensitive to the following synthetic neuroacrive peptides, originally isolated from molluscan animals, has been performed (Liu etal., 1991a,b): A P G Wamide isolated from a prosobranch (Fusinus ferrugineus) (Kuroki et al., 1990). F M R F a m i d e from a clam (Macrocallista nimbosa) (Price and Greenberg, 1977). [Ser2]-Mytilus inhibitory peptide ([Ser2]-MIP) (Hirata et aL, 1988) and catch-relaxing peptide (Hirata * To whom all correspondence should be addressed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
B. Suboesophageal gangha a. Dorsal surface b, Anterior surface (Pedal ganglia)
Abstract- 1. The effects of the 10 synthetic neuroactive peptides originally isolated from invertebrates, applied locally to the neurone tested by the brief pneumatic pressure ejection on the identifiable neurone types of Achatina fulica F6russac were examined. 2.Achatin-1 (Gly-D-Phe-Ala-Asp), an Achatina endogenous tetrapeptide having a o-phenylalanine residue, ejected locally, showed the depolarizing effects on nearly half of the number of neurone types tested. 3. ACEP-1 (Ser-Gly-Gln-Ser-Trp-Arg-Pro-Gln-Gly-Arg-Phe-NH:), isolated originally from Achatina atria, and pedal peptide (Pro-Leu-Asp-Ser-Val-Tyr-Gly-Thr-His-Gly-Met-Ser-Gly-Phe-Ala) and buccalin (Gly-MetAsp-Ser-Leu-Ala-Phe-Ser-Gly-Gly-Leu-NH2), found in Aplysia neurones, showed excitatory effects on some Achatina neurone types. 4. Myomodulin (Pro-Met-Ser-Met-Leu-Arg-Leu-NH~), found in Aplysia neurones, produced a hyperpolarization on nearly half of the number of Achatina neurone types tested. The two FMRFamide-like peptides, <EDPFLRFamide (<Glu-Asp-Pro-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2), isolated from Helix heart, and AF1 (Lys-Asn-Glu-Phe-Ile-Arg-Phe-NH2), from Ascaris head, also showed hyperpolarizing effects on more than half of the number of Achatina neurone types. 5. SALMFamide I (Gly-Phe-Asn-Ser-Ala-Leu-Met-Phe-NH2), isolated from Asterias nervous system, CCAP (Pro-Phe-Cys-Asn-Ala-Phe-Thr-Gly-Cys-NH2), from Carcinus pericardial organ, and corazonin (<Glu-ThrPhe-Gln-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Gly-Trp-Thr-Asn-NH2), from Periplaneta cardiac corpus, had no effect on Achatina neurones.
et al., 1987) from a mussel (Mytilus edulis), oxytocin found in a snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) (Schot et aL, 1981), and small cardioactive peptideB (Morris et al., 1982). a-bag cell peptide (Rothman et aL, 1983) and egg-laying hormone (Chiu et aL, 1979) isolated from a marine mollusc (Aplysia californica). These experiments were carried out under current clamp. A peptide solution was applied locally to the neurone tested by brief pneumatic pressure ejection to prevent trans-synaptic influences as much as possible. Following these works, the effects of other synthetic neuroactive peptides, originally isolated from invertebrates, were examined in the present study using the same Achatina neurone types and the same application of the peptides as used in the previous experiments. The neuroactive peptides examined were achatin-I, an Achatina endogenous tetrapeptide having a D-phe-
'Department of Physiolog); Gifu University School of Medicine. Gifu 500, Japan, and 21nstitute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan (Received 3 January 1995)