英美文学简史Lecture 1(Revised)
Lecture One
Medieval English Literature
1、 时间界定：From 1066 up to the mid-14th century. 时间界定：From mid2、 文学分类：民间通俗文学； 骑士浪漫诗; 骑士浪漫诗; 民歌； A. Popular folk literature also occupies an important place in this period； period； B. Romance which uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period .e.g. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C. Popular ballad occupies an important position.
The hero, Beowulf, is a seemingly invincible person with all the extraordinary traits required of a hero. He is able to use his super-human physical strength and courage to put his people before himself.
3 、Main writers and their works: Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟 The 杰弗里· 坎特伯雷故事集》 Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》 William Langland威廉·朗格兰 Piers the Langland威廉· 农夫皮尔斯》 Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》 Thomas Malory 马洛里 ish Literature
大学英美文学讲义
5.1真题分析2、第2本书《美国文学简史》：5.3重点知识点汇总分析（大纲）第七部分大学英语语言文学专业英美文学与中文作文基础知识点框架梳理及基础阶段，复习时间是从5月份至9月份或10月份，这一阶段需要大家认真看完《英国文学史》与《美国文学史》，理清文学史的线索，例如文学史的大致分期，每一阶段的大致时间，社会背景，思想背景及每一阶段的代表人物及其代表作。
文学史这两本书每本至少看两遍。
文学史的复习方法主要以熟悉知识点为主，脑海中线索清晰，重点部分最好能在理解的基础上识记。
文学史的复习时应注意归纳总结出一下内容：●英美文学史的大致分期（整合标题）、每一时期大致的时代背景及思想特征.●记住每一时期最重要的作家及作品，知道文学的基本常识，例如文学术语。
●主要作品的故事情节，主要人物，人物形象，主题思想，作品评价。
A Survey of English History ChangYaoxinA Glossary of Literary Terms:For the convenience of discussion, historians divide the continuity of English literature into segments of time which are called “p eriods”. The e xact numbers, dates and names of these periods vary, but the list below conforms on each period, in chronological order.450-1066 Old English (or Anglo-Saxon)Period Chapter11066-1500 Middle English Period Chapter1、2文学成就不是很高。
文学形式：骑士浪漫传奇；抒情歌谣；神秘剧、传奇剧及道德剧骑士浪漫传奇：《亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士》、《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》、《查理大帝的传奇》、《亚历山大的传奇》等抒情歌谣：短诗，大多数比较悲哀、凄凉，例如英国的Robin Hood神秘剧：取材于《圣经》中的旧约全书，上帝耶和华传奇剧：《新约》，基督1500-1660 The Renaissance(or Early Modern) Chapter3-4思想、文化、文学运动，最初出现在意大利，然后遍及其他国家。
英美文学史简介
英美文学史简介Part A British LiteratureⅠEarly and Medieval English Literature 早期及中世纪英国文学1. “Beowulf”, the national epic of the English people.《贝奥武夫》（Beowulf），完成于八世纪，约750年左右的英雄叙事长诗，长达3000多行。
是以古英语记载的传说中最古老的一篇。
是现存古英文文学中最伟大之作，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗。
2. Geoffrey Chaucer ,the founder of English poetry.乔叟(1343-1400),英国诗歌之父.The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》, 以一伙来自社会各个阶层的香客在宗教朝圣的路上讲述故事为线索，向我们清楚地展示了那个时代人们的生活。
在所有的23个故事中，除了两篇之外，其余都是诗歌体裁的作品。
ⅡThe Renaissance [ri′neis(ə)ns] 文艺复兴时期文学1.William Shakespeare 莎士比亚（1564～1616）英国文艺复兴时期伟大的剧作家、诗人，欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。
莎士比亚给世人留下了37部戏剧play，其中包括一些他与别人合写的一般剧作。
此外，他还写有154首十四行诗sonnet和三、四首长诗poem。
四大喜剧： A Midsummer Night’s Dream 仲夏夜之梦The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人As You Like It 皆大欢喜Twelfth Night 第十二夜四大悲剧:Hamlet 哈姆雷特(To be, or not to be, that is the question)Othello 奥赛罗King Lear 李尔王Macbeth 麦克白其他：Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶2.Francis Bacon 培根（1561-1626 ）The founder of English materialist philosophy and modern science.Bacon is especially famous for his Essays.培根,英国唯物主义和现代科学奠基人,散文家.代表作：散文Of Studies 《论学习》ⅢThe period of English Bourgeois [buə′ʒwɑ:] Revolution and Restoration 资产阶级革命时期文学1.John Milton 米尔顿Paradise Lost 《失乐园》2. John Bunyan 班扬The Pilgrim’s Progress 《天路历程》ⅣEighteenth Century English Literature 十八世纪英国文学1. Daniel Defoe: 笛福Robinson Crusoe 《鲁滨逊漂流记》2. Jonathan Swift：斯威夫特Gulliver’s Travels 《格列佛游记》3. Henry Fielding 菲尔丁the Founder of the English Realistic Nov 英国现实主义小说奠基人Joseph Andrew 《约瑟夫·安德鲁》4. William Blake 布莱克and Robert Burns彭斯: PoetⅤRomanticism in England 浪漫主义时期文学1. William Wordsworth 华滋华斯the representative poet of the early romanticism. 标志着浪漫主义的开始2. George Gordon Byron 拜伦Don Juan 《唐·璜》3. Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱Prometheus Unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?4. John Keats 济慈Ode to a Nightingale 《夜莺颂》5. Jane Austen 简·奥斯汀Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》ⅥThe Victorian Age 维多利亚时期文学1. Charles Dickens 狄更斯代表作：Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》、A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》、David Copperfield 《大卫·科波菲尔》2. William Makepeace Thackeray 萨克雷代表作：Vanity Fair 《名利场》3. George Eliot 乔治·艾略特4. The Brontë Sisters 勃朗特三姐妹Charlotte Brontë夏洛蒂·勃朗特：Jane Eyre《简·爱》Emily Brontë艾米莉·勃朗特：Wuthering Heights 《呼啸山庄》Annie Brontë安妮·勃朗特5. The Brownings 勃朗宁夫妇Husband: Robert BrowningWife: Elizabeth BrowningSonnets from the Portuguese 《葡语十四行诗集》ⅦTwentieth Century English Literature 20世纪英国文学1. Thomas Hardy 托马斯·哈代Tess of the d’Urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》2. John Galsworthy 高尔斯华绥3. Oscar Wilde 王尔德Poet，dramatist, novelist and essayist.The Happy Prince and Other Tales 《快乐王子和其他故事》4. George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳the most important English dramatist5. D. H. Lawrence 劳伦斯Lady Chatterley’s Lover 《查泰来夫人的情人》6. Virginia Woolf 伍尔芙Feminism, the stream of consciousness意识流女权主义与现代主义小说的先驱7. James Joyce 乔伊斯Ulysses《尤里西斯》the stream of consciousness意识流Part B American LiteratureⅠThe Literature During the Colonial American and the American Revolution殖民地时期及独立战争时期的文学Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林ⅡAmerican Romanticism and New England Literature 浪漫主义及新英格兰时期文学1. Washington Irving华盛顿•欧文(1783-1859)the first American to achieve an international literary reputation. 是美国文学的奠基人之一。
lecture 1history of english literaturecourse introduction
• １９２６年４月２１日生于伦敦，原名为伊丽 莎白·亚历山德拉·玛丽 (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary)，是英国温莎王朝第四代君主、英王乔 治六世的长女。
• 自幼在皇宫内接受教育，主修宪法史和法律。
• 她在历史、语言和音乐方面有造诣，能流利地 讲法语、西班牙语和德语。第二次世界大战后 期参加英国本土辅助部队，接受驾驶和维修摩 托车的训练。
英美文学史与英美文学选读
• 英美文学选读侧重于文本的赏析，英美 文学史就比较侧重于讲文学历史了，比 如维多利亚时代的作家有谁谁，他们的 作品风格是什么。
• 英美文学史是一门比较特殊的课程：既 不是单纯的历史课，也非纯粹的文学欣 赏课，它有自身特殊的教学原则和规律。
1．英美文学发展史的整体性把握 和断代研究
2. Henry married the pregnant Anne Boleyn in 1533; she gave him another daughter, Elizabeth, but was executed for infidelity in May 1536.
3. He married Jane Seymour by the end of the same month, who died giving birth to Henry's lone male heir, Edward, in October 1536.
Henry VIII (Reign 1509—47)
Henry’s six marriages
1. Catherine Aragon (widow of his brother, Arthur) in 1509, divorcing her in 1533; the union produced one daughter, Mary.
1 History of American Literature 美国文学史 英语简介
Brief Introduction of the American Literature History
1. The Colonial Period (1607-End of the 18th C) 2. The Romantic Period (19th C-1865) 3. The Age of Realism (1865-1918) 4. The Modern Period (1918-1945) 5. The Postwar Period (1945- )
regarded as one of the American authors writing in the Modernist tradition of the 1920s)
The Modern Period (19181945)
The 1920s African American literature (Harlem Renaissance) Langston Hughes The 1930s Left or socialist-oriented writers: John Dos Passos and John Steinbeck
Henry David Thoreau Walt Whitman Emily Dickinson Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville
The Age of Realism (18651918)
William Dean Howells Mark Twain (The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn;
Frank Norris
Dreiser
(McTeagaue,
英国文学第一章Lecture 1(Revised)
II. Learning Method sources of work and genre contents of the work (plot, theme, position in literary history) author’s attitude style
☼ We should analyze a literary work from the following three aspects, but remember, when we write a literature review, we should interpret the work from one aspect.
Celts—the earliest settlers of the British Isles
Cultural relics left over by the Celts
I. Old English Period (also called Anglo-Saxon Period, 450-1066) 1. Roman Conquest (前55年-410年） From 55 B. C. to 410 A.D. the British Isles were under the rule of Roman empire. Julius Caesar (102-44 B.C.) crossed the Dover Strait in 55 B. C., but Caesar himself only stayed there for a few weeks. Though the Romans built temples, roads, walls, and military camps, they made little influence on the cultural life of Celts.
英美文学选读串讲（1）
英国⽂学部分 Ⅲ、⽂艺复兴时期 1．时间界定： It refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. 2．⽂艺复兴的理论基础：⼈⽂主义兴起。
A．核⼼：Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors. B．基础：It was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things. 3．⽂艺复兴的⽂化背景： A．场所：English schools and universities were established in place of the old monasteries. B．印刷术的引进：William Caxton introduced printing into England . C．翻译的时代的出现。
With the introduction of printing, an age of translation came into being. 4．⽂学形式： A.诗歌： A）. 早期特点：The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation. B）. 代表作家及作品: a. Spenser's The Shepheardes Calender showed the pastoral convention b. In "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love," Marlowe spoke that it would be very difficult for us to connect it with the voice in his tragedies. c. Poetry and poetic drama were the most outstanding literary forms and carried on by Shakespeare and Ben Johnson. B.戏剧： A）. 特点: The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance B）. 作家: The most famous dramatists are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Johnson. 本章主要作家及作品 斯宾塞及其代表作 Edmund Spenser and The Faerie Queene. A.创作意图: The principal intention is to present through a "historical poem" the example of a perfect gentleman B.整体线索:The recurring appearances of Arthur serve as a unifying element for the poem as a whole. C.寓意:The Redcrosse Knight in Book I stands for St. George, he also represents Holiness. D.主题:The theme is not "Arms and the man," but something more romantic-"Fierce wares and faithfull loves." E.作者⽂学地位:His exquisite melody that make him known as "the poets' poet." 马洛及其代表作 Christopher Marlowe A.作者创作分类: a. The plays: （6 plays）Among them the most important are: Tamburlaine, Parts I&II , Dr. Faustus, The Jew of Malta and Edward II. b. The non-dramatic poetry: Hero and Leander, "the Passionate Shepherd to His Love" c. The verse translation: Ovid's Amores. B.代表作品: a. Tamburlaine: Marlowe voiced the supreme desire of the man of the Renaissance for infinite power and authority. b. Dr. Faustus: It celebrates the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness. C.⽂学艺术成就: a.⽂体与风格Marlowe perfected the blank verse and brought vitality and grandeur into the blank verse with his "mighty lines." Hyperbole is his major figure of speech. b.⼈物塑造 Marlowe's second achievement is his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama. Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition. 莎⼠⽐亚 William Shakespeare A.创作⽣涯及作品 a. Apprenticeship period. b. Highly individualized period.c. Greatest tragedies and dark comedies period. d. Romantic tragicomedies period. B. 作品主题 a. Shakespeare's history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity. b. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full play . c. The tragedies: The play, though a tragedy, is permeated with optimistic spirit. C. 四⼤悲剧 A）. The common features: Shakespeare's greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in common. Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation. B）. The realistic spirits: Along with the portrayal of the weakness or bias of the hero, we see the sharp conflicts between the individual and the evil force in the society, which shows that Shakespeare is a great realist in the true sense. D. 艺术成就 A）. The characters: a. Shakespeare's major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones. b. By applying a psycho-analytical approach, Shakespeare succeeds in exploring the characters' inner mind. c. Shakespeare also portrays his characters in pairs. Contrasts are frequently used to bring vividness to his characters. B）. Construction: a. Shakespeare's plays are well-known for their adroit plot construction. He borrows them from some old plays or storybooks, or from ancient Greek and Roman sources. b. He would shorten the time and intensify the story. There are usually several threads running through the play. C）. Language and style: a. Irony is a good means of dramatic presentation. Disguise is also an important device to create dramatic irony, usually with woman disguised as man. b. He has an amazing wealth of vocabulary and idiom. His influence on later writers is immeasurable. Almost all English writers after him have been influenced by him either in artistic point of view, in literary form or in language. 培根 Francis Bacon A. 《科学的进步与发展》 The Advancement of Learning : It is a great tract on education. B. 《新⼯具》 Novum Organum is a successful treatise written in Latin on methodology. C. 《散⽂集》 Montaigne is the predecessor of Bacon. The term "essay" was borrowed from Montaigne's Essais. 邓恩 A. 作品特点 a. The inherently theatrical impression: John Donne is the leading figure of the "metaphysical school." His poems give a more inherently theatrical impression. b. The poetic mode: The mode is dynamic rather than static, with ingenuity of speech, vividness of imagery and vitality of rhythms. c. The Stylistic features: The most striking feature of Donne's poetry is precisely its tang of reality, in the sense that it seems to reflect life in a real rather than a poetical world. B. 《歌与⼗四⾏诗》及作者的爱情观 The songs and sonnets: a. The theme: The Songs and Sonnets, contains most of his early lyrics. Love is the basic theme. b. The understanding of love: Donne holds that the nature of love is the union of soul and body. This thought is quite contrary to the medieval love idea. What is more, idealism and cynicism about love coexist in Donne's love poetry. He sometimes expresses the futility and instability of love in his poems. c. The stylistic method: When eulogizing a woman, Donne tells us very little about her physical beauty. Instead, Donne's interest lies in dramatizing and illustrating the state of being in love. 弥尔顿 John Milton A. 创作 Milton's literary achievements can be divided into three groups: a. The early works: Milton appears as the inheritor of all that was best in Elizabethan literature. Lycidas is a typical example. b. The middle works: His powerful pamphlets written during this period make him the greatest prose writer of his age.Areopagitica is probably his most memorable prose work. c. The last great poems: Milton wrote his three major poetical works: Paradise Lost, Paradise regained, and Samson Agonistes. B. 代表作: Paradise Lost: A）. The theme and structure: Paradise Lost is a long epic divided into 12 books. The theme is the "Fall of Man". B）. The humanistic spirits a. Working through the tradition of a Christian humanism, Milton wrote Paradise Lost, intending to expose the ways of Satan and to "justify the ways of God to man." b. At the center of the conflict between human love and spiritual duty lies Milton's fundamental concern with freedom and choice.c. The freedom of the will is the keystone of Milton's creed. 英国⽂学部分 Ⅳ、新古典主义时期 The neoclassical period 1．时间界定： The neoclassical period is between the return of the Stuarts in 1660 and the full assertion of Romanticism which came with the publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798. 2. 启蒙运动 A. 概述 a.特点 The eighteenth-century England is also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement. b.起源 It flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. c.性质 The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. d.⽬的 Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. B. ⼈⽂观与⽂学特点 a. The enlighteners advocated universal education. They believed that human beings were limited, dualistic, imperfect, and yet capable of rationality and perfection through education. b. Literature at the time, heavily didactic and moralizing, became a very popular means of public education. 3. ⽂学形式 A. 伤感主义⽂学 In the last few decades of the 18th century, however, the neoclassical emphasis upon reason, intellect, wit and form was rebelled against or challenged by the sentimentalists, and was gradually by Romanticism. B. 新古典主义诗歌 The neoclassical period witnessed the flourish of English poetry in the classical style climaxing with John Dryden, Alexander Pope and Samuel Johnson. C. 现实主义⼩说 The m i d - c e n t u r y w a s , h o w e v e r , p r e d o m i n a t e d b y a n e w l y r i s i n g l i t e r a r y f o r m - t h e m o d e r n E n g l i s h n o v e l , g i v e s a r e a l i s t i c p r e s e n t a t i o n o f l i f e o f t h e c o m m o n E n g l i s h p e o p l e . / p >。
八级考试英美文学讲座
八级考试英美文学讲座八级考试英美文学讲座I. English Literature 英国文学部分1.English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England. “Beowulf”is the national epic of the Anglo-Saxon and English people.2.The Norman Conquest: The French speaking Normans under Duke William camein 1066 and defeated the English , thus William was crowned as King of England.3.The Romance: The most prevalent kind of literature in feudal England. Thecentral character of romances was the knight, a man of noble birth, who was known for his chivalry.4.The ballads(民谣，民歌): the most important department of English folk literatureis the ballad. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and the fourth lines rhymed. For example, the Robin Hood Ballads.5.Geoffrey Chaucer , the founder of English poetry, was born in 1340, and died in1400. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poet’s Corner”.“ The Canterbury tales”(1387—1400)is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.6.The English Renaissance: Thomas More (1478—1535) and his “Utopia”; the“poet’s poet of the English Renaissance was EdmundSpenser (1552-90)whose masterpiece is “The faerie Queene”. If the imaginative powers of literary creation of English renaissance found their expression in the poetry of Spenser and the drama of Shakespeare , the intellectual energy of this age showed itself in the achievement of Francis bacon(1561-1626).7.William Shakespeare(1564-1616): the literary giant of the English Renaissance.His famous comedies:(1)A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream(2)The merchant of Venice(3)Twelfth Night(4)All’s Well that Ends Well.His famous tragedies:(1)Romeo and Juliet(2)Hamlet(3)King Lear(4)MacbethShakespeare also wrote 154 sonnets.8.The 17th Century Literature ---- John Milton (1608—1674): “Paradise Lost”9.The 18th Century LiteratureThe Enlightenment in Europe: The 18th century marked the beginning of anintellectual movement in Europe known as the Enlightenment. It was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisies against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind.10.Classicism in the English literature:The classicists modeled themselves after the Greek and the Latin authors, and tried to guide literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek and Latin works. Rhymed couplets instead of blank verse, the three unites of time, place and action, regularity in construction, and the presentation of types rather than individuals---these were some of the standards the classicists required of drama. Poetry, following the ancient divisions, should be lyric, epic, didactic, satiric or dramatic, and each class should be guided by its own principles. Prose should be precise, direct, smooth and flexible. Classicism achieved a rapid growth and prevailed for the better part of the 18th century. The literary representatives of classicism in English literature were John Dryden, A. Pope and Samuel Johnson.11.The Rise of the English Realistic Novel”Daniel Defoe(1661-1731): Robinson Crusoe(1719).Jonathan Swift(1667-1745): Gulliver’s Travels” (1726).Henry Fielding (1707-1754):Tom Jones (1749)12.English RomanticismAt the turn of the 18th and 19th century romanticism came to be the new trend in English literature. It rose and grew under the impetus of Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution. It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, a great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man and a return to nature.William Wordsworth(1770—1850): I Wondered Lonely as a CloudSamuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834): The Rime of Ancient Mariner, Kubla Khan George Gordon Byron (1788-1824): Don Juan, Sonnet on ChillonPercy Bysshe Shelley(1792-1822): Queen Mab, Ode to the West Wind,Prometheus Unbound(a lyric drama) John Keats(1795-1821): Ode to Autumn, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to aNightingale13.English Critical Realism:Charles Dickens(1812-1870): Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Hard Times, GreatExpectation, A Tale of Two Cities.William Thackeray(1811-18630: Vanity Fair: A Novel Without a Hero,Some Women Novelists:Jane Austen(1775—1817): Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, EmmaCharlotte Bronte(1816-1855): Jane EyreEmily Bronte(1818-1848): Wuthering HeightsGeorge Eliot(1819—1890): The Mill on the Floss14.The Victorian Poets:The Brownings----Robert Browning(1812-1867 )and Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861). (The Ring and the Book, My last Duchess)15.The Turn of the Century:Thomas Hardy(1840-1928): Tess of the D’ Urbervlles (refer to Lesson 15,Book 5) George Bernard Shaw(1856-1950): Mrs. Warren’s Profession, Man and Superman,Major Barbara, The Apple Cart.16.Between the Two World Wars:T.S. Eliot(1887-1965): The Waste LandJames Joyce(1882-1941): Ulysses, Finnegans Wake,Virginia Woolf(1882-1941): Mrs. Dalloway,D. H. Lawrence(1885-1930): Sons and Lovers, Lady Chatterley’s LoverWilliam S. Maugham(1874-1965): Of Human Bondage17: Contemporary English Literature(1945----)Kingsley Amis(1922----): Luck JimJohn Fowles(1926----) :The French Lieutenant’s Woman(法国中尉的女人)Iris Murdoch(1919-1999): Under the Net(《在网下》)，The Sandcastle(《沙堡》) Samuel Beckett(1906--): Waiting for Godot John Osborne(1929--) :Look Back in AngerHarold Pinter(1930---):Birthday Party, Homecoiming18. Contemporary English Literature(1980----)Martin Amis(1949---): Money : A Suicide Note(《钞票：绝命书》)Time’s Arrow(《时光之箭》)Julian Barnes(1946---): Flaubert’s Parrot(《福楼拜的鹦鹉》) American Literature 美国文学部分1．Colonial Period: Benjamin Franklin, Autobiography, Poor Richard’s Almanack2. American Romanticism: Transcendentalism (超验主义)3. Washington Irving(1783—1859, the father of American short story): The Legend ofSleepy Hollow; Rip Van Winkle.4. Nathanial Hawthorne(1804—1864): The Scarlet Letter.5. Henry David Thoreau(1817—1862): Walden.6. Walt Whitman(1819—1892): Leaves of Grass / Song of Myself / When Lilacs Lastin the Dooryard Bloom’d / Oh, Captain, My Captain 7. Herman Melville(1819—1891): Moby Dick8: American Realism(1865—1914):9. Mark Twain(Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 1835—1910):The Adventures of Tom SawyerThe Adventures of Huckleberry FinnThe prince and the Pauper10. Henry James91843—1916):The international themeDaisy MillerThe AmbassadorsThe AmericanThe Turn of the Screw11. O Henry: The Gift of Magi / The Last Leaf / The Cop and the Anthem12. Theodore Dreiser(1871—1945): Sister Carrie13.Robert Frost(1874—1963)Mending WallThe Road Not TakenStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening14. Wallace Stevens(1879—1955)Sunday Morning15.Ezra Pound(1885—1972)The CantosIn a Station of the Metro(The apparition of these faces in the crowd/ Petals on a wet, black bough )16. T.S. Eliot( 1888—1965) see above.17.Eugene O’Neill(1888—1953)(Nobel Prize winner in 1936)The Emperor Jones / Hairy Ape/ The Iceman Comth / The Long Day’s Journey into Night)18. Arthur Miller(1915-2005)The Death of a Salesman19.F.S. Fitzgerald(1896—1940)The Great Gatsby20.William Faulkner (1897—1962)Stream of consciousness / The Rose for Emily / The Sound and the Fury)21. Ernest Hemingway(1899—1961)The Sun Also RisesA Farewell to ArmsFor whom the Bell TollsThe Old Man and the SeaHemingway Hero / Code Hero (A man can be destroyed but not defeated)Lost GenerationToni Morrison(1933--)The Bluest EyeBelovedThe Song of SolomonTar BabySulaParadiseLove。
英美文学简史PPT课件
——阿贝拉尔（12世纪法国神 学家）
如何学习文学——“三不 分”
君掌盛无边
刹那含永
劫
—
—William Blake
文学包罗万象
• the inseparability of literature, history & philosophy
• Close connection between literature, music, painting & photography
Of prancing poetry
This traverse may the poorest take
Without oppress of toll:
How frugal is the chariot
That bears the human soul!
Emily Dickinson
——
文学的激励作用
1. learn basic information about different periods in English and American literary history
2. understand important writers of different schools of English and American literature
如何学好文学
• 学而无思则罔， 思而不学则殆。
文学与生活密切相关。从生活中汲 取灵感来理解文学；从文学中吸取智慧 来感悟人生。在“悟”中把握人生的真 谛。
英美文学简史 Chapters 1—2
• •
Beowulf
significance Outline of the Story
• • • • •
Medieval Literature: A Brief Introduction
1066—Norman Conquest—Middle English—Feudal Society The Arthurian Legends Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Robin Hood John Wycliffe
Medieval Literature: A Brief Introduction
Robin Hood Collection of 15th century medieval ballads about Robin Hood Robin Hood, the hero of the poor, the enemy of the rich and the powerful The ballads are many in number, “Robin hood and the Monk,” “Robin Hood and the Guy of Gisborne,” “Robin Hood and the Porter,” Lytell Geste of Robin Hood
2020年英美文学选读教案以及复习要点
英美文学选读教案以及复习要点英美文学选读教案以及复习要点专业八级资料 Lecture 1 William Shakespeare 1. Introduction of the course (1) This course is called Selected Readings in English and American Literature, a pulsory course for you. It will be finished in 12 weeks. And in each week well meet each other two times. (2) In this course, you will have to read some original works taken from English and American classics. It may be a little bit difficult for you. However, its also a chance for you to know some great treasury in world literature and Ill help you understand them. (3)Comparing with the literary history courses, this course mainly focuses on original productions. The course book is a nice one with classical works and detailed notes. (4) For the final test, 10% will be decided by your attendance, 20% by your homework and 70% by the test paper. About the homework, after we finish each writer, Ill give you a name list of remended works written by the writer. In the whole semester, you should choose at least one piece of English writers works and one piece of American writers works remended by me. And then you should write a small paper on the piece of works you chose. That means you should turn in two papers in the whole semester. (5) A very important suggestion: previewthe productions before the class; otherwise itll be very difficult for you to catch me in the class. 2. William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616) (1) Historical Background A. Queen Elizabeth I: a powerful England with the fast development of capitalism B. Renaissance: an intellectual movement sprung first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. Two features are striking of this movement. The one is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. Another is the humanism, which means the new feeling of admiration for human beauty and human achievement. C. Shakespeare lived in such a period and also such a period made him the most famous and most important English writer. (2) Life (Read paragraph 1 and 2 on page 1 after class. These two paragraphs are the introduction of the great writers life.) A. His plete works include 37 plays, 2 narrative poems and 154 sons. B. He is mainly famous for his great plays, especially the outstanding Four Great Tragedies. (Hamlet, King Lear, Othello and Macbeth) He is also the author of some other famous plays, such as Romeo and Juliet, but today well learn the excerpt from one of his great edies - The Merchant of Venice, which well talk about a little bit later. C. Shakespeares sons are also very good. Well first introduce Son 18, the most famous son written byShakespeare. (3) Son 18 A. A son is a lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of fourteen iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme. It was introduced to England from Italy by Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. (It is a very popular poem form and used widely in English literature. In the Elizabeth era, Edmund Spenser was also famous for his sons. And later, John Milton, Byron and Keats all contributed excellent sons.) B. Though the son is a fixed form, but the rhyme scheme of the son is not fixed. (few minutes for students to find out this poems rhyme scheme.) Answer: abab cdcd efef gg. This is a typical rhyme scheme used by Shakespeare in all his sons. C. Explain the poem sentence by sentence. temperate: moderate or mild; rough winds: strong winds; darling: lovely; lease: 租约;plexion: appearance; dim: darken with cloud; brag: boast; D.(discuss) Theme: expressing the deep love to his friend (4) The Merchant of Venice A. Famous edy written by Shakespeare in his youth B. Setting: Venice, the Middle Age C. Characters: Bassanio, Antonio, Shylock, Portia (let students discuss the characters) Portia: Shakespeares ideal woman, beautiful, intelligent, cultured, gracious, independent, a daughter of Renaissance Shylock: most suessful character, a Jew, a greedy and merciless usurer and also avictim of racial discrimination and religious persecution (sympathy) D. Plot: Read the introduction from P3 to P4. E. (Discuss)Theme: Mercy wins over malice. F. The selection is the most famous scene of the whole play and also the climax of the play. (Ask students to read it thoroughly after the class.) In the class, well learn a short part taken from the scene. (P10 to P11, the famous statement about mercy made by Portia) G. (the last but not least) form of the play: verse drama written in blank verse mostly blank verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter. Soon after blank verse was introduced by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey in his translation of Virgils works, it became the standard meter for Elizabethan and later poetic dramas and some poets, such as John Milton, also employed this form to write their long poems. (5) Remended Reading Son 29; Son 73; Son 116; Four great tragedies; Romeo and Juliet; A Midsummer Nights Dream 3. Homework 1. Preview the next chapter about John Milton.2. Find out the form and rhyme scheme of the poem To Cyriack Skinner on P23. Lecture 2 John Milton (1608 0 1674) (Comparing with William Shakespeare, few people read his great productions today. However, he is also a classical writer in English Literature.) 1. Historical Background (Discussion: Any important event happened during Miltons life time in Britain )English Bourgeois Revolution The conflicts between King (James I and then Charles I) and the Parliament Profound conflicts: the Old Feudalism and New Capitalism In religion: The Anglican Church and the Puritan The consequence of those contradictions: the Civil War (1642 - 1649) The King was executed in 1649 and monarchy was abolished. Oliver Cromwells dictatorship (1649 - 1660) The Restoration: Charles II and then James II Glorious Revolution (1688) 2. Life born in a rich and cultured family - handsome and hardworking - graduated from Cambridge University and got master degree - six years private study and the most knowledgeable poet in Britain - writing pamphlets for the Commonwealth - blind in 1652 - arrested and fined after restoration - produced three great poems in plain life Most important works - three great poems: Paradise Lost (1667); Paradise Regained (1671); Samson Agonistes (1671) (poetic drama) Besides three great poems in his late years, he also wrote some excellent sons including the one well learn today.3. To Cyriack Skinner (Ask the questions of homework) (Answer: Son; abba abba cdcdcd) (1) Form: Son (2) Rhyme scheme: abba abba cdcdcd (different with William Shakespeares sons) (3) Explain the poem sentence by sentence (4) (Discussion) Theme: the authors positive attitude towards his blindness (another sonon blindness seems more discouraged.) 4. Paradise Lost (《失乐园》) (1) Miltons masterpiece; greatest epic written in the English language *epic(史诗): it is a long verse narrative on a serious subject, told in a formal and elevated style, and centered on a heroic or quasi-divine figure on whose actions depends the fate of a tribe, a nation, or the human race. Notice the differences between traditional epics and literary epics. Paradise Lost is a literary epic. (2) Its a long epic including 12 books. The plot is taken from the Old Testament of Holy Bible. *Holy Bible对于理解西方文化最重要的经典,分为《旧约》(The Old Testament)和《新约》(The New Testament)两部分,这两部分写于不同的时期,而且使用的文字不同,《旧约》主要用希伯莱语写成,《新约》则用希腊文写成.圣经最早曾被翻译成希腊文,然后是拉丁文,在欧洲各国通行.《圣经》英译始自8世纪,但各种版本都不算通行,直到Martin Luther宗教改革之后,1611年出现的Authorized Version 至今通行,对英国的语言和文学影响极大.推荐阅读英文版《圣经》节选或房龙《圣经的故事》中文版. Plot: (paragraph two on P24) revolt of Satan and some other angels 0 their defeat and throwing into the Hell 0 temptation of Adam and Eve 0 expulsion of Adam and Eve (3) Theme: to justify the ways of God to man (su内容仅供参考。
英美文学选读课lectureone
The Enlightenment (18th century)
The 17th Century
The AngloNorman (1066-
1350)
The AngloSaxon (449-
1066)
The Purposes of This Course
•Make students get a clear picture of the development of English literature
Resolution
•Resolution is the final stage of plot. It draws the action to a close and accounts for all remaining loose ends.
Characterization
•Characterization• Methods of
A General Description
•You will study the eight periods in English literary history
•You will have a very hard time! •You will learn to appreciate
literature, learn to make criticism and even learn to write a small critical essay!
英美文学选读串讲
需要掌握的重点：英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。
英美两国文学各个历史时代的主要历史背景、文学文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。
Part one English LiteratureAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature1. Social Background: (paragraph one)early inhabitants: Celtsthree conquests greatly affected English literatureRomans conquestsAnglo-Saxons: Germanic language and cultureNorman: Mediterranean civilizationSupplementary material:Anglo-Saxon is a general term that refers to the Germanic settlers who came to Britain during the 5th and 6th centuries. "Anglo Saxon" also refers to the language spoken at the time in England, which is now called Old English, and to the culture of the era, which has long attracted popular and scholarly attention.Anglo-Saxon language is the basis of Modern EnglishThe Norman conquest of England began on 28 September 1066 with the invasion of England by William, Duke of Normandy, who became known as William the Conqueror after his victory at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066, defeating the then king Harold II of England. By early 1071, William had secured control of most of England, although rebellions and resistance continued to approximately 1088.The Norman conquest was a pivotal event in English history. Itlargely removed the native ruling class, replacing it with aforeign, French-speaking monarchy, aristocracy, and clericalhierarchy. This, in turn, brought about a transformation of theEnglish language and the culture of England in a new era.2. Old English LiteratureExtends from 450 to 1066Old English poems (paragraph two)2.1religious group: biblical themeExample: The Dream of the RoodSupplementary materialThe Dream of the Rood is one of the earliest Christian poems in the corpus of Old English literature. Like most Old English poetry, it is written in alliterative verse. Rood is from the Old English rod "pole", specifically "crucifix 十字架". Preserved in the 10th century, the poem may be considerably older, even one of the oldest works of Old English literature.2.2secular group: national epic poemexample: Beowulf：national epic of the Anglo-Saxons（paragraph twoand three）epic: An epic (from the Ancient Greek) is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation.3. Medieval English Literature3.1. Background: Norman Conquestthree important changes in society：3.2. Medieval period: 1066 ~ Mid-14th century3.3three greatest poets3.3.1John Gower: romance3.3.2William Langland: realistic3.3.3Chaucer3.3.3.1LifeGeoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343 – 25 October 1400), known as the Father of English literature,is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages. Among his many works, which include The Book of the Duchess, the House of Fame, the Legend of Good Women and Troilus and Criseyde, he is best loved today for The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer is a crucial figure in developing the legitimacy of the vernacular方言, Middle English, at a time when the dominant literary languages in England were French and Latin.3.3.3.2theme of his works: man’s right, humanism3.3.3.3important works3.3.3.4contribution to English literature: Father of English literature stanza, octosyllabic couplet, heroic couplet, first modern novel3.3.3.5the Canterbury TalesThe Canterbury Tales is a collection of stories written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer at the end of the 14th century. The tales (mostly in verse, although some are in prose) are told aspart of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from Southwark to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. The Canterbury Tales was Chaucer's magnum opus. He uses the tales and the descriptions of the characters to paint an ironic and critical portrait of English society at the time, and particularly of the Church. It is sometimes argued that the greatest contribution that this work made to English literature was in popularizing the literary use of the vernacular, English, rather than French or Latin.3.3.3.6 the heroic couplet 英雄史诗式两行诗（每句有五音步十音节,互相押韵）A heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines. Use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer in the Legend of Good Women and the Canterbury Tales.Chaucer is also widely credited with first extensive use of iambic pentameter.A frequently-cited example:O could I flow like thee, and make thy streamMy great example, as it is my theme!Though deep yet clear, though gentle yet not dull;Strong without rage, without o'erflowing full.3.4popular folk literature3.4.1Feature: lack of originality; medieval Christian doctrine withpersonal salvation3.4.2Romance: the main literature form of Middle AgeLiteral term: As a literary genre of high culture (高雅文化), romance or chivalric romance（中世纪骑士故事）is a style of heroic prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe. They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures, often of a knight errant（周游）portrayed as having heroic qualities, who goes on a quest. Originally, romance literature was written in Old French, Anglo-Norman, later, in English and German. Form: narrative verse or proseTheme: knightly adventures or heroic deeds; romantic loveStructure and languageChapter 1 The Renaissance Period1.Synopsis1.1RenaissanceTime span: extends from 14th century to mid-17th centuryOrigin：ItalyField：painting，sculpture and literatureSocial Background:Bourgeoisie is rising; get rid of feudalist ideas; recover the purity of clear church,Renaissance in essence: humanism1.2Renaissance in England1.2.1 Before Renaissance came to England: domestic unrest Example: the War of RosesThe Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic civil wars for the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the houses of Lancaster and York (the "red" and the "white" rose, respectively). They were fought in several sporadic(零星的) episodes between 1455 and 1485 The final victory went to a relatively remote Lancastrian claimant, Henry Tudor, who defeated the last Yorkist king Richard III and married Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth of York to unite the two houses. The House of Tudor subsequently ruled England and Wales for 117 years.The name "Wars of the Roses" refers to the badges associatedwith the two royal houses, the White Rose of York and the Red Rose of Lancaster. It is not thought to have been used during the time of the wars. Rather, it came into common use in the nineteenth century after the publication of Anne of Geierstein by Sir Walter Scott.1.2.2 The beginning of Renaissance in EnglandThe reign of Henry VIIIHenry VIII (28 June 1491 –28 January 1547) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII.Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Catholic Church. Henry's struggles with Rome led to the separation of the Church of England from papal authority and establishing himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. Yet he remained a believer in core Catholic theological teachings, even after his excommunication from the Catholic Church.His desire to provide England with a male heir—which stemmed partly from personal vanity and partly because he believed a daughter would be unable to consolidate the Tudor Dynasty and the fragile peace that existed following the Wars ofthe Roses—led to the two things that Henry is remembered for: his wives, and the English Reformation that made England a mostly Protestant nation. In later life he became morbidly(病态的) obese and his health suffered; his public image is frequently depicted as one of a lustful, egotistical, harsh and insecure king.1.3The Essence of Renaissance—humanismEnglish humanist: Thomas More, Christopher Marlow and William Shakespeare1.4Religious Reformation1.4.1Martin Luther1.4.2Religious reformation in EnglandThe English Reformation started in the reign of Henry VIII. The English Reformation was to have far reaching consequences in Tudor England. Henry VIII decided to rid himself of his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, after she had failed to produce a male heir to the throne. He had already decided who his next wife would be - Anne Boleyn. By 1527, Catherine was considered too old to have anymore children. However, a divorce was not a simple issue. Henry VIII was a Roman Catholic and the head of this church was the pope based in Rome.The Roman Catholic faith believed in marriage for life. It did not recognise, let alone support, divorce. The Roman Catholic Church simply did not allow it.This put Henry VIII in a difficult position. If he went ahead and announced that as king of England he was allowing himself a divorce, the pope could excommunicate (逐出教会) him.Another approach Henry used was to make a special appeal to the pope so that he might get a special "Papal Dispensation(豁免)". This meant that the pope would agree to Henry’s request for a divorce purely because Henry was king of England but that it would not affect the way the Catholic Church banned divorce for others. The pope refused to grant Henry this and by 1533 his anger was such that he ordered the Archbishop of Canterbury to grant him a divorce so that he could marry Anne Boleyn.This event effectively leads to England breaking away from the Roman Catholic Church based in Rome. Henry placed himself as head of the church and in that sense, in his eyes, his divorce was perfectly legal. In 1533, few were brave enough to tell him otherwise!1.5English Renaissance1.5.1first period: poems affected by Italy1.5.2mainstream: Elizabethan dramafamous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare andBen Johnson2.Representatives2.1Edmund SpenserMasterpiece: The Faerie QueeneThe Faerie Queene is an incomplete English epic poem by Edmund Spenser. The Faerie Queene is notable for its form: it was the first work written in Spenserian stanza and is one of the longest poems in the English language.It is an allegorical work, written in praise of Queen Elizabeth I. In a completely allegorical context, the poem follows several knights in an examination of several virtues. As it was published in 1596, the epic presented the following virtues:Book I: HolinessBook II: TemperanceBook III: ChastityBook IV: FriendshipBook V: JusticeBook VI: CourtesyFive qualities of his poetry:Spenserian stanza:2.2Christopher MarloweUniversity wits:“大学才子派”是指16世纪80年代英国出现的一批受过大学教育的剧作家。
英美文学简史及名篇选读 English Literature in the Renaissance
• Art and Archite如ct文u学re、历史、哲学和艺术。
文艺复兴时期涌现了许多艺术大师，如达·芬奇、拉斐尔、米开朗基
罗等，他们以创新的绘画技巧、逼真的人物形象和透视原理为人类艺
• Science and Expl术or史a作tio出n了重大贡献。建筑方面，文艺复兴建筑采用了古罗马和古希
像是说决不屈从於羁绊的窒碍。
Full jolly knight he seemd , and faire did sitt ,
快乐的骑士在马上英姿飒爽，
As one for knightly giusts and fierce encounters fitt .善於比武，也能在战场与敌人激烈交锋。
Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593)
please read the general introduction (para 1-2) and find out the social background of Renaissance
The Hundred Years’ War with France (1336-1453) The War of the Roses (Lancaster vs York, 1455-1483) The discovery of America and the new sea routes (1497-1498) The Religious Reformation (1509-1547) The Enclosure Movement (16th century) The reign of King Henry VIII (1509-1547) The reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1588-1603)
英美文学史及选读电子备课本
英美文学史及选读电子备课本英国文学部分教案首页（总）备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
Lecture Five 教案首页备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
Lecture Six教案首页备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。
Lecture OnePart One General Introduction to British LiteratureI. The British ConquestsThe Roman conquest, 55B.C.—410 A.D. (about 400 years, during which the Romans built a network of highways called the Roman roads. Along these roads grew up scores of towns, and London became an important trading center. Christianity was introduced to Britain.The English Conquest: After the Roman armies left, Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates from Northern Europe. Especially the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. Gradually seve n kingdoms arose in Britain. By the 7th century these small tribes were combined into a united kingdom called England, or the land of Angles. The three tribes had mixed into a whole people called English. The three dialects naturally grew into a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English..The Norman Conquest, 1066—1381. The French-speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066 and became king of England. Feudalism was established.II. An Outline of British Literature1.Medieval literature (5th century –1485):Beowulf (7th century)Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 1375-1400)Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales (1400) (father of English poetry)2.Renaissance literatureFrances Bacon, essayist, ―Of Studies‖Edmund Spencer, poet, The Fairy Queen （poet’s poet）Christopher Marlowe, dramatist, The Tamburlaine, The Tragical History of the Life andDeath of Dr. Faustus, The Jew of MaltaShakespeare, poet and dramatist, Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth3.17th century literatureJohn Milton, poet, Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Samson AgonistesJohn Donne, the founder of the metaphysical school of poetry, a poet of peculiar conceits.Marvel, poet, ―To His Coy Mistress‖John Bunyan, novelist, The Pilgrim’s ProgressJohn Dryden, poet, essayist, dramatist4.Enlightenment literature (late 17th century --- middle 18th century)Alexander Pope, neo-classical poetJonathan Swift, essayist and satirist, Gulliver’s TravelsSamuel Johnson, critic, essayist and dictionary lexicographer. A Dictionary of English LanguageDaniel Defoe, novelist, Robinson CrusoeHenry Fielding, novelist, father of English novels, Tom JonesLaurence Sterne, novelist, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, which is called themost typical novel in the world, which first used stream of consciousness Oliver Goldsmith, sentimentalist poet, ―The Deserted Village‖, Chinese LettersThomas Grey, sentimentalist poet, ―Elegy written in a country churchyard‖5.Romantic literature (1798-1832)Robert Burns, poet, ―My love’s like a red, red rose‖, ― Auld Lang Syne‖William Wordsworth, poet, Lyrical Ballads, The PreludeSamuel Coleridge, poet, ―The Rime of the Ancient Mariner‖, ―Kubla Khan‖George Byron, poet, Don JuanPercy Bysshe Shelley, ―Ode to the West Wind‖John Keats, ―Ode on a Grecian Urn‖6.Realist literatureRobert Browning, poet, ―The Last Duchess‖Alfred Tennyson, poet, ―Break, Break, Break‖Mathew Arnold, poet, ―Dover Beach‖Jane Austen, novelist, Pride and Prejudice, Emma, Sense and SensibilityCharlotte Bronte, novelist, Jane AyreEmily Bronte, novelist, Wuthering HeightsAnne Bronte, novelist, Agnes GreyGeorge Eliot, novelist, The Mill on the FlossCharles Dickens, novelist, Oliver Twist, David Copperfield,, Great Expectation s, A Tale of Two CitiesWilliam Thackeray, novelist, Vanity FaireThomas Hardy, fatalistic novelist, Tess of the D’Urbervilles, Jude the Obscure,Return of the NativeWilliam Maugham, novelist, Of Human BondageE.M. Foster, novelist, A Passage to IndiaOscar Wilde, dramatist, The Importance of Being EarnestBernard Shaw, dramatist, Pygmalion, Saint Joan7.Modernist literatureD.H. Lawrance, novelist, Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow, Women in Love, Lady Chatterley’sLoverVirginia Woolfe, novelist and critic, Mrs. Dalloway, To the LighthouseJames Joyce, novelist, The Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man, UlyssesT.S. Eliot, poet and critic, ―The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock‖, ―The Waste Land‖W.B. Yeats, poet, The Wind Among the ReedsPart Two The National Epic: BeowulfI. The main plotII. Select ReadingIII. What a Man Is Beowulf ?Beowulf is a grand hero.He is faithful to his people. He goes alone, in a strange land, to rescue his people. He forgets himself in face of danger, thinking only that it profits others.IV. Features of BeowulfAlliteration: There are generally four accents in a line, three of which show alliteration.Metaphor: ring-giver= king; whale’s road=sea. Such metaphors occur in great number.Understatement: not troublesome=very welcome; need not praise=condemnPart Three Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400)I. Introduction to ChaucerII. Select Reading: The Prologue of The Canterbury TalesIII. Define the termsV. Summarize Chaucer’s literary career and the representative works of each period.Lecture TwoShakespeare (1564-1616)I. A list of Shakespeare’s playsThe first period (historical plays, comedies)1590 Henry VI, Part IIHenry Vi, Part III1591Henry VI, Part I1592Richard IIIThe Comedy of Errors1593Titus AndronicusThe Taming of the Shrew1594The Two gentlemen of VeronaLove’s Labbour’s Lost 《空爱一场》Romeo and JulietThe second period (great comedies and mature historical plays)1595Richard IIA Midsummer Night’s Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》1596The Life and Death of King John 《约翰王》The Merchant of Venice1597Henry IV, Part IHenry IV, Part II1598Much Ado About Nothing 《无事自扰》Henry VThe Merry Wives of Windsor 《温莎的风流妇人》1599Julius CaesarAs You Like It 《如愿》1600Twelfth NightThe third period (great tragedies and dark comedies)1601Hamlet1602Troilus and Cressida 《脱爱勒斯与克莱西达》1603All’s Well That Ends Well 《皆大欢喜》1604Measure for Measure 《恶有恶报》Othello1605King LearMacbeth1606Antony and Cleopatra 《安东尼与克柳巴》1607Coriolanus 《科里奥拉那斯》Timon of Athens 《雅典的泰蒙》The fourth period(romantic drama)1608Pericles 《波里克利斯》1609Cymberline 《辛伯林》1610The Winter’s Tale 《冬天的故事》1611The Tempest 《暴风雨》1612Henry IIIII. Selected Readings:sonnet 18,―To be, or not to be‖,Romeo and Juliet’ SCENE II. Capulet's Orchard.IV. How many periods does Shakespeare’s dramatic career fall into?Roughly four periods: (1) the early histories of the 1590s; (2)the romantic comedies around the turn of the century, roughly from 1594-1600; (3) the great tragedies of the early 1600s, from 1600 to 1608; (4) the romances of the 1610s.V. What are the unique features of Shakespeare’s sonnets?Two features: (1) the principle person addressed by the poet is not a woman but a young man and a mysterious dark lady. (2) the structure of three quatrains and a concludin g couplet is typically Shakespearean.Lecture ThreePart One Francis Bacon (1561-1626)I. Introduction to Francis BaconII. Selected Reading―Of Marriage and Single Life‖Part Two John Donne (1572-1631)I. Introduction to John DonneII. Selected ReadingThe FleaHoly SonnetsA Valediction: Forbidding MourningIII. Define the termConceit: metaphor or simile presenting a surprisingly apt parallel between two apparently dissimilar things or feelings.Metaphysical poetry: Poem that deals with philosophical or spiritual matters. It is generally limited to works written by a group of 17th century poets such as John Donne.IV. Fill in the blanks1.The writings of Francis Bacon mainly fall into three categories: philosophical, literaryand professional.2.The poems of John Donne belong to two categories: the youthful love lyrics and the latersacred verse.3.John Donne is the founder of the school of metaphysical poetry. His works arecharacterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.V. Choose the best answer. ―Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested‖ is oen of the epigrams found in___.A. Bacons’“Of Studies”B. Thomas More’s UtopiaC. Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s ProgressD. Fielding’s Tom JonesJohn Milton (1608-1674)I. Introduction to John MiltonII. Select ReadingA SonnetParadise LostIII.Give supporting reasons for the statement: Samson in Samson Agonistes is John Milton the author himself.Samson Agonistes is a poetical drama modeled on the Greek tragedies. It deals with the story of Samson from the ―Book of Judges‖in the Old Testament. Samson is an athlete of the Israelites. He stands as the champion fighting for the freedom of his country. But he is betrayed by his wife Dalilah and blinded by his enemies the Philistines. Led into the temple to make them sport, he wreaks his vengeance upon his enemies by pulling down the temple upon them and upon himself in a common ruin.There is much in common between Samson and John Milton. Like Samson, Milton had also been embittered by an unwise marriage, persecuted by his enemies, and suffered from blindness. And yet he was unconquerable.Samson’s miserable blind servitude among his enemies, his agonizing longing for sight and freedom, and the last terrible triumph all strongly suggest Milton’s passionate longing that he too could bring destruction down upon the enemy at the cost of his own life.Therefore Samson in the drama is Milton himself in life.IV. Analyze the character of Satan in John Milton’s Paradise Lost.Satan, a conquered and banished giant, remains obeyed and admired by those who follow him down to hell. He is firmer than the rest of the angels. It is he , passing the guarded gates, makes man revolt against God.Satan is the spirit of questioning the authority of God. When he gets to the Garden of Eden, he believes why Adam and Eve should not taste the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge.Though defeated, Satan prevails, since he has won from God a third part of his angels.Though wounded, he triumphs, for the thunder which hits upon his head leaves his heart invincible. Though feebler in force, he remains superior in nobility, since he prefers independence to happy servility. He welcomes his defeat and his torments as a glory, a liberty and a joy.Part One Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)I. Introduction to Daniel DefoeII. Introduction to Robinson CrusoeIII. InterpretationsNovelist James Joyce eloquently noted that the true symbol of the British conquest is Robinson Crusoe: "He is the true prototype of the British colonist… The whole Anglo-Saxon spirit is in Crusoe: the manly independence, the unconscious cruelty, the persistence, the slow yet efficient intelligence, the sexual apathy, the calculating taciturnity".Robinson is not a hero, but an everyman. He begins as a wanderer, aimless on a sea he does not understand; he ends as a pilgrim, crossing a final mountain to enter the promised land. The book tells the story of how Robinson gets closer to God, not through listening to sermons in a church but through spending time alone amongst nature with only a Bible to read. This view was not welcomed by the established Anglican church of the time, which thought the message in the book was anarchic and close to heresy. Defoe's views are reflected in those of Christian anarchism .IV. Cultural influencesThe book proved so popular that the names of the two main protagonists have entered the language. The term "Robinson Crusoe" is virtually synonymous with the word "castaway" and is often used as a metaphor for being or doing something alone. Robinson Crusoe usually referred to his servant as "my man Friday", from which the term "Man Friday" (or "Girl Friday") originated, referring to a personal assistant, servant, or companion.In Jean-Jacques Rousseau's treatise on education, Emile: Or, On Education, the main character, Emile, is allowed to read before the age of twelve is Robinson Crusoe. Rousseau wants Emile to identify himself as Crusoe, required to rely upon himself for all of his needs. In Rousseau's view, Emile needs to imitate Crusoe's experience, allowing necessity to determine what is to be learned and accomplished. This is one of the main themes of Rousseau's educational model.III. Selected ReadingRobinson CrusoePart Two Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)I. Introduction to SwiftII. Main Plot of Gulliver’s TravelsThe book is divided into four parts, which are as follows:Part I: A Voyage To LilliputPart II: A Voyage to BrobdingnagPart III: A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdrib, and LuggnaggPart IV: A Voyage to the Country of the HouyhnhnmsMajor themes: Gulliver's Travels has been called a lot of things from a satire to a children's story, from proto-Science Fiction to a forerunner of the modern novel. Possibly one of the reasons for the book's classic status is that it can be seen as many things to many people. It is even funny. Broadly, the book has three themes:1) a satirical view of the state of European government, and of petty differences be tweenreligions.2) an inquiry into whether man is inherently corrupt or whether men are corrupted3) a restatement of the older "ancients v. moderns" controversy previously addressed bySwift in the Battle of the Books.In terms of storytelling and construction the parts follow a pattern:1) The causes of Gulliver's misadventures become more malignant as time goes on - he isfirst shipwrecked, then abandoned, then attacked by strangers, then attacked by his own crew.2) Gulliver's attitude hardens as the book progresses —he is genuinely surprised by theviciousness and politicking of the Lilliputians but finds the behavior of the Yahoos in the fourth part reflective of the behavior of "civilised" people3) Each part is the reverse of the preceding part — Gulliver is big/small/sensible/ignorant,the countries are sophisticated/simple/scientific/natural, forms of Government are worse/better/worse/better than England's.4) Gulliver's view between parts contrasts with its other coinciding part — Gulliver sees thetiny Lilliputians as being vicious and unscrupulous, and then the king of Brobdingnag sees Europe in exactly the same light. Gulliver sees the Laputians as unreasonable, and Gulliver's houyhnhm master sees humanity (well, Yahoos) equally so.5) No form of government is ideal —the simplistic Brobdingnagians enjoy publicexecutions and have streets infested with beggars, the honest and upright Houyhnhnms who have no word for lying are happy to suppress the true nature of Gulliver as a Yahoo and equally unconcerned about his reaction to being expelled6) Specific individuals may be good even where the race is bad — Gulliver finds a friend ineach of his travels and, despite Gulliver's rejection of and horror toward all Yahoos, is treated very well by the Portuguese captain, Don Pedro, who returns him to England at the novel's end.Of equal interest is the character of Gulliver himself — he progresses from a cheery optimist at the start of the first part to the pompous misanthrope of the book's conclusion and we may well have to filter our understanding of the work if we are to believe the final misanthrope wrote the whole work. In this sense Gulliver's Travels is a very modern and complex novel.There are subtle shifts throughout the book, such as when Gulliver begins to see all humans, not just those in Houyhnhnm-land, as Yahoos.Despite the depth and subtlety of the book, it is often derided as a children's story because ofthe popularity of the Lilliput section as a book for children. It is still p ossible to buy books entitled Gulliver's Travels which contain only parts of the Lilliput voyage.Cultural Influences1) The popularity of Gulliver is such that the term Lilliputian has entered the language as anadjective meaning "small and delicate". There is even a brand of cigar called Lilliput which is, obviously, small.2) In like vein, the term Yahoo is often encountered as a synonym for ruffian or thug.Brobdingnagian also can be occasionally found as a synonym for 'very large' or 'gigantic'.3) In the discipline of Computer Architecture, the terms big-endian and little-endian areused to describe two possible ways of laying out bytes in memory . One of the conflicts in the book is between people who preferred cracking open their soft-boiled eggs from the little end, and the people who preferred the big end.III. Selected ReadingChapter 7Lecture SixPart One William Blake (1757-1827)I. Introduction to William BlakeII. Selected ReadingThe LambThe tigerThe sick roseThe chimney sweeperPart Two Robert Burns (1759-1796)I. Introduction to Robert BurnsII. Selected ReadingAuld Lang SyneA Red, Red RosePart Three George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)I. Introduction to ByronII. Selected ReadingShe Walks in BeautyWhen A Man Hath No Freedom to Fight for at HomePart Four Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)I. Introduction to ShelleyII. Select ReadingOde to the West WindIII.Tell the theme of “Ode to the West Wind”.1.It expresses Shelley’s optimistic belief that old world must go, a new world must comewith the spring.2.The poet asks the wind to work in him, restoring him to spiritual health and creativevigor.IV. What is the symbolic meaning of “the west wind”?3.It symbolizes regeneration which follows the destruction and death of winter.4.Personally, Shelley sees it as a force that will reinvigorate him.5.Socially and politically, the wind represents the destructive and revolutionary energies.6.It is the spirit within nature, a driving force behind the turning wheel of the seasons andthe cycles of life and death.Lecture SevenPart One William Wordsworth (1770-1850)I. Introduction to William WordsworthII. Selected ReadingI Wandered Lonely as a CloudComposed Upon Westminster Bridge, Sept. 3, 1802Part Two Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834)I. Introduction to ColeridgeII. Selected ReadingKubla KhanPart Three John Keats(1795–1821)I. Introduction to John KeatsII. Selected ReadingOde on a Grecian UrnIII. The theme of Keats’“Ode on a Grecian Urn”.The poet has absorbed himself into the timeless beautiful scenery on the antique Grecian urn: the loves, musicians and worshippers carved on the urn exist simultaneously and forever in their intensity of joy. They are unaffected by time, stilled in expectation. This is at once the glory and the limitation of the world conjured up by an object of art. The urn celebrates intuitions of ecstasy by denying our painful knowledge of transience and suffering.Keats shows the contrast between the permanence of art and the transience of human passion. IV. Five of Keats’ immortal odes.―Ode to a nightingale‖, To Autumn‖, ―Ode on Melancholy‖, ―Ode on a Grecian Urn‖, ―Ode on Indolence‖.V. Coleridge’s artistic ideas.1. His poetic themes range from the supernatural to the domestic.2.Coleridge is one of the first critics to give close critical attention to language, maintaining tthat the true end of poetry is to give pleasure ―through the medium of beauty‖.3.He thinks that art is the medium between man and nature. Imagination is the means to unitethe thoughts and passions. Art is the only permanent revelation of the nature of reality.VI. Wordsworth’s contribution to poetry.1.He has started the modern poetry, the poetry of the growing inner self.2. he has changed the course of English poetry by using ordinar y speech of the language andby advocating a return of nature.Lecture EightJane Austen (1775-1817)I. Introduction to Jane AustenII. Selected ReadingPride and Prejudice (1813)III. Major themes1) As the original title First Impressions suggests, the text can be read as a conservativecriticism of the Romantic movement and in particular its conceit of love at first sight. Early in the story Charlotte Lucas declares that happiness in marriage is a matter of chance and thata woman has equal odds of being happy with a man if she marries immediately after meetinghim or if she studies his character for a year - yet she speaks from cynicism. Elizabeth Bennet's first suitor, Mr. Collins, mouths Romantic clichés without a trace of genuine feeling when he proposes marriage and claims to have experienced love at first sight for Elizabeth although the reader already knows that his first interest was in Elizabeth's more beautiful sister Jane. Immediately after Elizabeth's refusal he proposes to Charlotte, who te sts her theory of marital happiness with dubious success.2)Irony also permeates the novel. Immediately after the opening sentence, which sets forthmatchmaking as a postulate of social mathematics, the text undercuts its premise. Superficial ironies describe several minor characters such as Lady de Bourgh's pompousness in boasting her expertise about music despite not knowing how to play any instrument and Miss Bingley's insincerity in declaring how well she likes books while she yawns and sets one down. A deeper irony is that, despite Elizabeth's insistence to Mr. Collins that she would never want a man to propose to her twice, she spends much of the story regretting her refusal of Mr. Darcy.3)Unlike most novels of its era, which describe fantastic or improbable events, the novel depicts ordinary provincial life with keen observation.4) Marriage plays a huge role in the novel. Some characters marry for security, some marry for wealth, and some marry for love. The idea of marriage is very important throughout the novel, primarily because it was often the only way for a woman of the period to secure her freedom, social status, and living standard.5) Social classes are also taken into account and play a major role as a theme in Pride and Prejudice. People of higher class are very proud of themselves and do not like to socialise with those of lower class. A good example is Darcy when he first appears. Also, the Bingley sisters often talk together about the way people of lower classes act and look bitterly upo n them. A notable exception is Colonel Fitzwilliam, the polite and intelligent younger son of an earl who exhibits embarrassment at his wealthier relatives' rudeness. It is also seen as bad for people of higher classes to mingle with lower classes, but Bingley puts this idea away and proves to be a very social character. Jane Austen ridicules almost all of her aristocratic characters, and her heroes tend to be the landed gentry or the upper-middle class. Lizzy Bennet insists that she is of the same class as Mr. Darcy, and snobbery is one of the characteristics of a villain in Jane Austen's novels.6)Appearance versus reality is a recurring motif all throughout the novel. Near the beginning of the novel, Mr. Darcy points out that humility is the most deceitful appearance of all, and that it is often a careless remark, but can be a way to uplift one's view among others.7)An important theme of all of Jane Austen's novels is how one correctly assesses the characters of the people one meets. Because Elizabeth Bennet and her sisters need to marry, and need to marry well, it is vital that they be able to "read" the men in their social circle—or they might end up married to unprincipled, immoral men like Wickham. The "pride" of the book's title refers not only to Mr. Darcy's pride, but also to Lizzy's pride in her ability to read characters, which turns out to be faulty.8)Pride and prejudice both stand in the way of relationships, as embodied in the persons of Darcy and Elizabeth respectively. Pride narrows the vision of a person and causes one to underestimate other mortals. Prejudice blinds the vision and leads to false perceptions about others. Darcy’s pride and Elizabeth’s prejudice come in their way of understanding each other and keep them apart. Only when Darcy becomes more humble and Elizabeth becomes more accepting can they relate to one another and find happiness together.9)Family. Austen portrays the family as primarily responsible for the intellectual and moral education of children. Mr. and Mrs. Bennet's failure to provide this education for theirdaughters leads to the utter shamelessness, foolishness, frivolity, and immorality of Lydia.Elizabeth and Jane have managed to develop virtue and strong characters in spite of the negligence of their parents, perhaps through the help of their studies and the good influence of Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner, who are the only relatives in the novel that take a serious concern in the girls' well-being and provide sound guidance. Elizabeth and Jane are constantly forced to put up with the foolishness and poor judgment of their mother and the sarcasm and detachment of their father. Even when Elizabeth advises her father not to allow Lydia to go to Brighton, he ignores the advice because he thinks it would be too difficult to de al with Lydia's complaining. The result is the scandal of Lydia's elopement with Wickham. It is only when Lydia elopes with Wickham that Mr. Bennet is moved ineffectively to action. The conclusion indicates that Mr. Bennet has learned little from the crisis, as he indulges in sarcastic comments at his younger daughters' expense.Lecture NinePart One Charlotte BrontëI. Introduction to Charlotte BronteII. Selected ReadingJane Eyre(1847)Part Two Emily Bronte (1818-1848)I. Introduction to Emily BrontePart Three Ann Bronte(1820-1868)I. Introduction to Emily BronteII. Why is Jane Eyre a successful novel?1.The story opens with the titular heroine, Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan.2.it sharply criticizes the existing society, e.g, the religious hypocri sy of charity institutionssuch as Lowood School where poor girls are trained.3.It introduced the first governess to English novel.Lecture TenPart One Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892)I. Introduction to Alfred TennysonII. Selected ReadingThe EagleBreak, break, breakPart Two Robert Browning (1812-1889)I Introduction to Robert Browning and Mrs. BrowningII Selected ReadingMy Late DuchessMeeting at NightPart Three Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861).Selected ReadingPart Four Matthew Arnold(1822-1888)I. Introduction to Mathew ArnoldII. ReadingDover BeachIII. Robert Browning’s principle achievement in English poetry.His principle achievement lies in his introducing to English poetry the dramatic monologue.Lecture ElevenCharles Dickens (1840-1928)I. Introduction to Charles DickensII. Selected ReadingGreat Expectations Chapter 39III. The symbols and images in Great Expectations.The notable images are the graveyard which symbolizes the underworld with its violence and threat and danger, the huge rotten wedding cake of Miss Havisham’s, which is the symbol of the corrupted and corrupting society, and the journeys Pip makes from the country to Miss。
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16. Laurence, Woolf, Joyce 17. Revision IV. Different Historical Periods of British Literature 1. Old and Medieval English Literature (约5 世纪—1485) 2. The English Renaissance (15世纪后期— 17世纪初) 3. The 17th Century English Literature
The invasion of the Anglo-Saxons into the British Isles from all fronts
Anglo-Saxons on their way into the British Isles
King Arthur in battle against the AngloSaxon invaders
Literature is the art of language, whose major genres are poetry, fiction, and drama.
Literature is closely connected with history. If we know nothing of history, it is impossible for us really to understand a literary work.
6.李正栓等主编 《英国文学学习指南》，清华大 学出版社，2006年。 7. 赵红英主编 《英国文学简史学习指南》，中 国传媒大学出版社。
VI. Requirements for This Course: 1. Class attendance; 2. A wide reading before and after class; 3. Remembering some important facts; 4. Class discussion.
Julius Caesar (102 — 44 B.C.)
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Roman Empire at its greatest extent
Roman Empire lying in ruins
2. English Conquest (450-1066) About 450 A.D., Angles, Saxons, and Jutes invaded the British Isles. They settled in England, and drove the Celts into Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. The three tribes had mixed into a whole people called English, and the three dialects spoken by them grew into a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English.
V. Reference Books for This Course:
1. 陈嘉、宋文林 著 《大学英国文学史》（2卷 本），商务印书馆，1996年。 2. 陈嘉 编《英国文学作品选读》（3卷本）， 商务印书馆，1981年版，2003年重印。 3. Margaret Drabble, ed.《牛津英国文学词典》 （第6版），外语教学与研究出版社，2005 年。 4. 罗经国 编注《新编英国文学选读》（2卷 本），北京大学出版社，2005年。 5.M. H. Abrams, gen. ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. New York and London: Norton, 1993, 2005. (The best reference book)
4. The English Enlightenment Literature (17世 纪后期—18世纪中期) 5. The Age of Romanticism (1798-1832)
6. The Age of Realism (19世纪30年代— 1918) 7. Modern English Literature (1918-1945) 8. Contemporary English Literature (1945- )
II. Learning Method sources of work and genre contents of the work (plot, theme, position in literary history) author’s attitude style
☼ We should analyze a literary work from the following three aspects:
7.Fielding, Johnson, Sheridan 8. Blake, Burns 9.The Age of Romanticism, Wordsworth, Coleridge 10. Byron, Shelley, Keats 11. The Victorian Age, Dickens, Thackeray 12. The Bronte Sisters 13. Alfred Tennyson, Robert Browning 14. Hardy 15. Modern English Literature, T. S. Eliot
Part 2
A Survey of Old and Medieval Literature
(约5世纪—1485)
演示文稿1
The Making of the Nation The early inhabitants---Britons, a tribe of Celts. mixed blood. “Britain”, the land of Britons.
3. Features of Anglo-Saxon Literature Anglo-Saxon literature, that is, the Old English literature is almost exclusively a verse literature in oral form. It could be passed down by word of mouth from generation to generation. Its creators for the most part are unknown. It was only given a written form long after its composition. There are two groups of English poetry in Anglo-Saxon period. The first group was the pagan poetry represented by Beowulf, the second was the religious poetry represented by the works of Caedmon and Cynewulf.
In the 8th century, Anglo-Saxon prose appeared. The famous prose writers of that period were Venerable Bede and Alfred the Great. 4. Beowulf: the most important epic in Old English literature and the first major poem in a European vernacular language. It survives in a 10th-century manuscript but is generally dated to the 8th century when Anglo-Saxon England was being won over from paganism to Christianity.
Lecture 1
Old and Medieval Literature
(约5世纪—1485)
Teaching Objectives: 1. Let the students know something about literature; 2. Let the students know something about British Literature; 3. Tell the students something about literature learning and research methods.
Celts—the earliest settlers of the British Isles
Cultural relics left over by the Celts
I. Old English Period (also called Anglo-Saxon Period, 450-1066) 1. Roman Conquest (前55年-410年） From 55 B. C. to 410 A.D. the British isles were under the rule of Roman empire. Julius Caesar (102-44 B.C.) crossed the Dover Strait in 55 B. C., but Caesar himself only stayed there for a few weeks. Though the Romans built temples, roads, walls, and military camps, they made little influence on the cultural life of Celts.